Cornish people - Knowledge

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Cornishness. All participants categorised themselves as Cornish and identified Cornish as their primary ethnic group orientation. Those in the west primarily thought of themselves as Cornish and British/Celtic, while those in the east tended to think of themselves as Cornish and English. All participants in West Cornwall who identified as Cornish and not English described people in East Cornwall, without hesitation, as equally Cornish as themselves. Those who identified as Cornish and English stressed the primacy of their Cornishness and a capacity to distance themselves from their Englishness. Ancestry was seen as the most important criterion for being categorised as Cornish, above place of birth or growing up in Cornwall. This study supports a 1988 study by Mary McArthur that had found that the meanings of Cornishness varied substantially, from local to national identity. Both studies also observed that the Cornish were less materialistic than the English. The Cornish generally saw the English, or city people, as being "less friendly and more aggressively self-promoting and insensitive". The Cornish saw themselves as friendly, welcoming and caring.

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which was worth £600 million and supported over a hundred projects such infrastructure, agriculture, employment and low carbon initiatives. In this study people from lots of different backgrounds and jobs where interviewed and asked about their reasoning for voting leave, farmers described the EU policies as being overly complicated and taking the "fun" out of farming, many had issues with infrastructure and many others stated that with Brexit they were reclaiming sovereignty from the EU and there were underlying issues with the EUs lack of border control. It was found that the what linked the reasoning for leaving the EU was the uncertainty that they were experiencing, their inability to get any real change even with the EUs funding and a lack of knowledge about where the funding was spent as a whole.

2275: 1886: 2419: 3884: 3059: 1878:, while scholars have argued that the introduction of the Celtic languages and material culture into Britain and Ireland was by means of cultural diffusion, rather than any substantial migration. Genetic evidence has also suggested that while ancestry inherited from the Anglo-Saxons makes up a significant part of the modern English gene pool (one study suggested an average 38% contribution in eastern England), they did not displace all of the previous inhabitants. A 2015 study found that modern Cornish populations had less Anglo-Saxon ancestry than people from central and southern England, and that they were genetically distinct from their neighbors in 3793: 2645: 2948:, resulting in 30 Cornish and 100 Mexican fatalities. The fever forced the survivors to abandon their equipment and head inland up into the mountains to Xalapa to try to escape the mosquitos for three months, until the end of the rainy season. Once the rainy season closed the Cornish and Mexican miners continued their 250-mile (402 km) "Great Trek" to Mineral del Monte, transporting their machinery to an altitude of 10,000 feet (3,048 m) above sea level and arriving at their destination on 1 May 1826. Following their arrival, the Cornish community flourished and stayed in central Mexico until the 2885: 11170: 1521: 2360:, laying siege to the region's largest Protestant city. However, the rebellion was suppressed, thanks largely to the aid of foreign mercenaries in a series of battles in which "hundreds were killed", effectively ending Cornish as the common language of the Cornish people. The Anglicanism of the Reformation served as a vehicle for Anglicisation in Cornwall; Protestantism had a lasting cultural effect upon the Cornish by way of linking Cornwall more closely with England, while lessening political and linguistic ties with the 3512: 1847: 1244: 314: 1620:. In the 1990s it was said that the notion that the Cornish are to be classified as a nation comparable to the English, Irish, Scots and Welsh, "has practically vanished from the popular consciousness" outside Cornwall, and that, despite a "real and substantive" identity, the Cornish "struggle for recognition as a national group distinct from the English". However, in 2014, after a 15-year campaign, the UK government officially recognised the Cornish as a national minority under the 3740: 3911: 1716: 9415: 11193: 4139: 3222: 3758:(sometimes known as the Cornish pasty) made from diced beef, potato, onion and swede (commonly called 'turnip' by the Cornish), enclosed within a pastry crust and then baked. One idea of its origins suggests that it evolved as a portable lunch for Cornish miners, the crust serving as a disposable handle that could be held by a miner's hand without soiling the filling. Fish was an important element of the Cornish diet, but international 3202: 2109: 2755: 4109:

after losing 2 councillors and the Conservatives slipped to third after losing over a third of their councillors. The Labour Party (+8), UKIP (+6), and the Green Party (+1) all gained seats, with UKIP and the Greens entering Cornwall Council for the first time. Mebyon Kernow had 6 councilors prior to the election, having added 2 since the 2009 election, their total following the election was reduced to 4.

2174:, the record of the great survey of England completed in 1086, "virtually all" landowners in Cornwall "had English names, making it impossible to be sure who was Cornish and who was English by race". However, there was a persistent and "continuing differentiation" between the English and Cornish peoples during the Middle Ages, as evidenced by documents such as the 1173 1565:, despite no explicit "Cornish" option being available, approximately 34,000 people in Cornwall and 3,500 people elsewhere in the UK—a combined total equal to nearly 7 per cent of the population of Cornwall—identified themselves as ethnic Cornish by writing this in under the "other" ethnicity option. The census figures show a change in identity from West to East, in 3335:, but most of its speakers are enthusiasts, persons who have learned the language through private study. Cornish speakers are geographically dispersed, meaning there is no part of Cornwall where it is spoken as a community language. As of 2009, it is taught in fifty primary schools, although regular broadcast in Cornish is limited to a weekly bilingual programme on 2222:(which governed Cornwall's tin industry). These two institutions allowed "ordinary Cornish people to believe that they had been granted a unique constitutional status to reflect their unique cultural identity". However, the Duchy of Cornwall gradually lost its political autonomy from England, a state which became increasingly centralised in London, and by the early- 4127:

office of Chloe Smith for the Minister of State. In the coming weeks, Parliament is set to debate The Census Order. If enough Members of Parliament side with the Cornish people and stand in solidarity with their cause, a box to select a "Cornish" identity could be added—reaffirming the official identity they established 6 years prior.

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does or should not have jurisdiction over Cornwall until Cornish sovereignty is recognised. Popularisation of Cornish nationalism is attributed to a Celtic cultural revival in Cornwall which itself began with a renewed interest in the Cornish language in the 1920s. The revival of the Cornish language

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until after the Second World War, people from the United Kingdom made up a large majority of people coming to Australia, meaning that many Australian-born people can trace their origins to Britain. The Cornish people in particular were actively encouraged to emigrate to Australia following the demise

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that had been used in the 16th century, before the language became more heavily influenced by English. This set the tone for the next few decades; as the revival gained pace, learners of the language disagreed on which style of Cornish to use, and a number of competing orthographies—Unified Cornish,

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spurred more people from Cornwall to settle in North America; they were registered as English migrants. Many Cornish (and other West Country) immigrants who had been agricultural labourers settled in an area of what is now South Central Ontario in what were the counties of Northumberland, Durham and

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into the meaning of contemporary Cornish identity across Cornwall found that there was a "west-east distance decay in the strength of the Cornish identity." The study was conducted amongst the farming community as they were deemed to be the socio-professional group most objectively representative of

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to Britain, who upon their arrival initially recorded the Dumnonii, but later reported on the Cornovii, who were possibly a sub-group of the Dumnonii. Although the Romans colonised much of central and southern Britain, Dumnonia was "virtually unaffected" by the conquest; Roman rule had little or no

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A total of 83,499 people in England and Wales were described as having a Cornish national identity. 59,456 of these were described as Cornish only, 6,261 as Cornish and British, and 17,782 as Cornish and at least one other identity, with or without British. Within Cornwall the total was 73,220 (14%

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from Ireland during the same period gradually restricted the Romano-British culture and Brittonic language into parts of the north and west of Great Britain by the 10th century, whilst the inhabitants of southern, central and eastern Britain became English and much of the north became Scottish. The

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In the UK's 2021 census plans, a "tickbox" for claiming "Cornish" as a national minority status has not been implemented and is under debate. Since Cornwall was officially given "official national minority status" in 2014, the Cornwall Council's Party Leaders have submitted a letter to the cabinet

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A study was carried out Willett, JMA; Tidy, R; Tregidga, G; et al. through Exeter University using data from January to April 2017 to understand why Cornwall voted leave in the Brexit referendum when it benefitted greatly from EU funding, such as the Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Growth Programme

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has emerged as one of the most popular spectator and team sports in Cornwall, with professional Cornish rugby footballers being described as a "formidable force", "naturally independent, both in thought and deed, yet paradoxically staunch English patriots whose top players have represented England

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Following the Cornwall Council election in May 2013, the council remained as "no overall control", with the Independent politicians becoming the largest grouping on the council through a modest gain of councillors from the previous election. The Liberal Democrats remained the second largest party

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and Cornwall. Although broadly thought of as a work of fiction, Geoffrey of Monmouth's work had a lasting effect upon the identity of the Cornish. His "historical construct" characterised the ancient Britons as heroes, which later helped Celtic revivalists to redefine Cornishness as an identity

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Since 2006 school children in Cornwall have been able to record themselves as ethnically Cornish on the annual Schools Census (PLASC). Since then the number identifying as Cornish has risen from 24% to 51% in 2017. The Department for Education recommends that parents and guardians determine the

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as part of this Cornish tradition. Cornish cultural tradition is most strongly associated with the people's most historical occupation, mining, an aspect of Cornish history and culture that has influenced its cuisine, symbols and identity. The Cornish writer C. C. Vyvyan wrote in her 1948 book

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was a staunchly Royalist enclave, an "important focus of support for the Royalist cause". Cornish soldiers were used as scouts and spies during the war, for their language was not understood by English Parliamentarians. The peace that followed the close of the war led to a further shift to the

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was popularised in Cornwall during the late 20th century, and has since become readily associated with Cornishness. The waves around the Cornish coastline are created by low pressure systems from the Atlantic Ocean which unleash powerful swells eastwards creating multiple, excellent surfing

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Original Cornish Ballads: chiefly founded on stories humorously told by Mr. Tregellas in his popular lectures on "Peculiarities" : to which are appended some drafts of kindred character from the portfolio of the editress: the whole prefixed by an introductory essay on the peculiar

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In the 2021 census, 89,084 people in England and Wales described their national identity as Cornish only and 10,670 as Cornish and British. Within Cornwall, 79,938 people (14.0% of the population) specified a Cornish only identity and 9,146 (1.6%) Cornish in combination with British.

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in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, enthusiasts for Cornish culture have pressed for the Cornish language to be taught formally in Cornish schools, while Cornish nationalists have demanded greater political autonomy for Cornwall, for example that it be constituted as the

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Christianity that was popular with the Cornish people at the time of their mass migration. "Cousin Jacks" is a nickname for the overseas Cornish, thought to derive from the practice of Cornishmen asking if job vacancies could be filled by their cousin named Jack in Cornwall.

2459:, became "as much a part of Cornwall's heritage as any legendary giant from its Celtic past". Trevithick's most significant success was a high-pressure steam engine used to pump water and refuse from mines, but he was also the builder of the first full-scale working railway 3231: 1536:

Both geographic and historical factors distinguish the Cornish as an ethnic group further supported by identifiable genetic variance between the populations of Cornwall, neighbouring Devon and England as published in a 2012 Oxford University study. Throughout medieval and

3227: 2446:, always an important source of employment and stability of the Cornish, experienced a process of industrialisation resulting in 30 per cent of Cornwall's adult population being employed by its mines. During this period, efforts were made by Cornish engineers to design 1742:

Like other identities, Cornish has an allocated census code, (06), the same as for 2001, which applied and was counted throughout Britain. People were first able to record their ethnicity as Cornish in the 2001 UK Census, and some 37,000 people did so by writing it in.

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be the formal boundary between the West Saxons and the Cornish in the year 936, making Cornwall one of the last retreats of the Britons encouraging the development of a distinct Cornish identity; Brittonic culture in Britain became confined to Cornwall, parts of

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during the early-20th century enabled a cultural self-consciousness in Cornwall that revitalised the Cornish language and roused the Cornish to express a distinctly Brittonic Celtic heritage. The Cornish language was granted official recognition under the

2707:—and totalling over a quarter of a million people lost to emigration between 1841 and 1901. There was a displacement of skilled Cornish engineers, farmers, merchants, miners and tradesmen, but their commercial and occupational expertise, particularly in 1738:

which advised residents how they could identify themselves as Cornish by writing it in the national identity and ethnicity sections and record Cornish in the main language section. Additionally, people could record Cornwall as their country of birth.

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of 15- and 16-year-old schoolchildren in Cornwall found that 58% of respondents felt themselves to be either 'Fairly' or 'Very much' Cornish. The other 42% may be the result of in-migration to the area during the second half of the twentieth century.

1604:, have been cited as the main stimulus to "a growing interest in Cornish identity and distinctiveness" in late-20th century Britain. The British are the citizens of the United Kingdom, a people who by convention consist of four national groups: the 3721:, became the form of Christianity practised by the majority of the population all over Cornwall during the 19th century. During this time other kinds of Methodist churches appeared such as the Bible Christians and there were also Evangelical and 2348:, which outlawed all languages from church services apart from English, and is specified as a testament to the affection and loyalty the Cornish people held for the Cornish language. In the rebellion, separate risings occurred simultaneously in 3036:

stemming from the Cornish who settled the area as gold miners in the 19th century. The carols have become "the identity of the town", some of the members of the Grass Valley Cornish Carol Choir are descendants of the original Cornish settlers.

2494:, Cornwall was branded as a rural retreat, a "primitive land of magic and romance", and as an "earlier incarnation of Englishness, a place more English than an England ravaged by modernity". Cornwall, the United Kingdom's only region with a 7459: 2450:

with which to power water pumps for Cornish mines thus aiding the extraction of mineral ore. Industrial scale tin and copper mining operations in Cornwall melded Cornish identity with engines and heavy industry, and Cornwall's leading

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In the latter half of the 19th century Cornwall experienced rapid deindustrialisation, with the closure of mines in particular considered by the Cornish to be both an economic and cultural disaster. This, coupled with the rise of

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In Scotland 467 people described themselves as having Cornish national identity. 254 with Cornish identity only, 39 as Scottish and Cornish, and 174 having Cornish identity and at least one other UK identity (excluding Scottish).

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who thrived in and around Cornwall from the early modern period through to the 19th century. Cornish pirates exploited both their knowledge of the Cornish coastline as well as its sheltered creeks and hidden anchorages. For many

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based in Cornwall, founded in 1951. Its main objective is attaining greater autonomy for Cornwall through the establishment of a legislative Cornish Assembly. As at 2009 Mebyon Kernow has no Members of Parliament elected to the

2140:, who served as England's new nobility. The English would come to absorb the Normans, but the Cornish "vigorously resisted" their influence. At the time of the conquest, legend has it that Cornwall was under the governance of 1869:

who colonised Great Britain from their homelands in northern Europe and drove the Celts to Britain's western and northern fringes. Recent genetic studies based on ancient DNA have complicated this picture, however. During the

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English language by the Cornish people, which encouraged an influx of English people to Cornwall. By the mid-17th century the use of the Cornish language had retreated far enough west to prompt concern and investigation by

2298:, an English traveller, physician and writer, wrote that in Cornwall there were two languages, "Cornysshe" and "Englysshe", but that "there may be many men and women" in Cornwall who could not understand English. While the 4788: 2538:. This Revivalist upsurge investigated Cornwall's pre-industrial culture, using the Cornish language as the "principal badge of nationality and ethnic kinship". The first effective revival of Cornish began in 1904 when 5526: 2786:

because of their experience and expertise. Free passage to South Australia in particular was granted to hundreds of Cornish miners and their families, so much so, that a large Cornish community gathered in Australia's

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which outlawed all church services within the Kingdom of England that were not in English. The exact date of the death of using the Cornish language is unclear and disputed, but popularly it is claimed that the last

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has called for greater recognition of Cornish culture, politics, and language, and urged that Cornish people be accorded greater status, exemplified by the call for them to be one of the listed ethnic groups in the

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the Cornish had begun to see themselves as "a conquered people whose culture, liberties, and prosperity had been downgraded by the English". This view was exacerbated in the 1490s by heavy taxation imposed by King

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identity. Genealogy and family history were considered to be the chief criteria for 'being' Cornish, particularly among those who possessed such ties, while being born in Cornwall was also held to be important.

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study conducted in 16 towns across Cornwall found that 59% felt themselves to be Cornish and 41% felt "More Cornish than English", while for over a third of respondents the Cornish identity formed their primary

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as a means for the prince to raise his own capital. Large parts of Cornwall were owned by Edward, 1st Duke of Cornwall, and successive English Dukes of Cornwall became the largest landowners in Cornwall; The

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to the English language was completed during the late 18th century. The demise of the Cornish language is attributed to English cultural influence, particularly the political and religious dominance of the

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during the 16th century were the earliest Cornish activity in what was to become Canada. However, permanent settlement by the Cornish across the Atlantic Ocean was rare until at least the 19th century. The

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Large numbers of the 19th century Cornish emigrants eventually returned to Cornwall, whilst the rate of emigration from Cornwall declined after World War I. However, the global connections of the remaining

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is the 5th century Christian abbot, supposedly of Irish origin, who is patron saint of both tin miners and Cornwall. According to popular mythology, Piran, an Irish scholar who studied Christianity in

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or martial arts. The Cornwall County Wrestling Association was formed in 1923, to standardise the rules of the sport and to promote Cornish wrestling throughout Cornwall and the world. Together with

5142: 5025: 6794: 3965:, through special laws and legal exemptions, for all matters relating to the tin mines and tin trade in Cornwall. Cornish miners were effectively exempt from the jurisdiction of the law courts at 2719:—to partake in coal mining as a means to earn wealth by using their mining skill. This has resulted in a concentration of Cornish names on and around Teesside that persists into the 21st century. 7467: 3697:

can also be traced to this period. In the Middle Ages, Roman Catholicism was dominant in Cornwall, and even in the 17th century the Cornish were "fervently Roman Catholic", slow to accept the

3985:. As the tin mines of Cornwall lost their economic importance during the 18th and 19th centuries, so the Stannary institutions lost political power. The last Stannary parliament was held at 2522:. While not akin to the Cornish rebellions of the past, he did attract some Cornish support as well as mostly Kentish labourers, although his support was primarily of religious followers. 1351:

identities. Cornish identity has also been adopted by some migrants into Cornwall, as well as by emigrant and descendant communities from Cornwall, the latter sometimes referred to as the

4623: 7773:"Why Did Cornwall Vote for Brexit? Assessing the Implications for EU Structural Funding Programmes by Willett, JMA; Tidy, R; Tregidga, G; et al.under exeter university, 18 Jan 2019" 4780: 3709:

of the Cornish people. A variety of dissenting congregations such as the Quakers and Baptists were to be found in certain districts. Through a combination of tours of Cornwall by

2086:. Although a treaty was agreed, Anglo-Saxon political influence stretched westwards until some time in the late 10th century when "Cornwall was definitively incorporated into the 10621: 4496: 1747:

of the population) with 52,793 (9.9%) as Cornish only, 5,185 (1%) as Cornish and British, and 15,242 (2.9%) as Cornish and at least one other identity, with or without British.

5516: 5380: 1625: 1479: 1355:. Although not included as a tick-box option in the UK census, the numbers of those writing in a Cornish ethnic and national identity are officially recognised and recorded. 3530:, many dating from between the 7th and 15th centuries, are found in Cornwall and have been used as inspiration in modern and contemporary Cornish visual arts. In the 1780s, 2814:, was the main form of religious practice for the Cornish. Methodist sensibilities were held with strong conviction by the migrant Cornish in a direct rivalry with Catholic 3840:

made a direct connection between love of rugby in Cornwall and the ancient parish games of hurling and wrestling that existed for centuries before rugby officially began.

2239:, as well as Henry VII's suspension of the privileges of the Cornish Stannaries. Having provided "more than their fair share of soldiers and sailors" for the conflict in 9375: 5540: 2132:, Scandinavian Vikings from northern France and their Breton allies, who, in many cases, maintained rule in the Brittonic-speaking parts of the conquered lands. The 3442:

founding the ancient British nation and continuing until the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain in the 5th century forced the Celtic Britons to the west coast, namely

6973: 4734: 366: 5226: 5212: 2518:, or Mad Tom, (1799 – 31 May 1838) was a Cornishman self-declared messiah who, in the 19th century led the last battle to be fought on English soil, known as the 1274: 381: 7552: 6694: 4086: 4353: 3114:: "A man might live and die among us and never gain throughout his allotted span of life one glimpse of the essential Cornwall or the essential Cornishman." 3493:

that occurred during 18th-century Cornish tin mining, or else a creation of the oxygen-starved minds of exhausted miners who returned from the underground.

2672:. Initially, the number of migrants was comparatively small, with those who left Cornwall typically settling in North America or else amongst the ports and 8638:

Tourists' guide to Cornwall and the Scilly Isles: containing succinct information concerning all the principal places and objects of interest in the county

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Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016).

5719: 5101: 4525: 6786: 3969:, except "in such cases as should affect land, life or limb". The ancient privileges of the Stannary Courts and Parliaments were confirmed by successive 3157:

of Cornwall. It has been seized upon by the Cornish people as a symbol of their identity, displayed on cars and flying from buildings including those of

1475: 2463:. On 21 February 1804, the world's first locomotive-hauled railway journey took place as Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the 6733: 4474: 4434: 1133: 3044:

is difficult to estimate. The aggregate number of immigrants from Cornwall to the United States before World War I is suggested to be around 100,000.

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became known as "Little Cornwall". It has been estimated between 1837 and 1840, 15 per cent of all assisted migrants to South Australia were Cornish.

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impact on the region, meaning it could flourish as a semi- or fully independent kingdom which evidence shows was sometimes under the dominion of the

1882:. The study also suggested that populations traditionally labelled as "Celtic" showed significant diversity, rather than a unified genetic identity. 1515: 1411:

with the Welsh, Cumbrics and Pics, and also the Bretons who had migrated across the sea to escape the Anglo-Saxon invasions, were referred to in the

3754:, strongly rooted in a tradition of using local produce, which is used to create relatively simple dishes. Most prominent in Cornish cuisine is the 3077:

has been attributed to Cornwall's geographic isolation. Contemporaneously, the underlying notion of Cornish culture is that it is distinct from the

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in particular were expanding their territory westwards towards Cornwall. The Cornish were frequently embattled with the West Saxons, who used their

1703:, said "I think Cornish national identity is very powerful" and that his government would "devolve a lot of power to Cornwall – that will go to the 1635:

allegiances, adopting mixed, dual or hyphenated identities such as "Cornish first and British second", "Cornish and British and European", or, like

4590: 7300: 1561:, Cornish and Celtic associations have advanced the notion of a distinct Cornish national and ethnic identity since the late 20th century. In the 2699:, coupled with the depletion of mineral deposits brought about an economic decline for Cornish mining lasting half a century, and prompting mass 2731:

such as Australia, Canada, South Africa and the United States, are "very strong". Their outreach has contributed to the international spread of

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from Cornwall. In each decade from 1861 to 1901, "around 20% of the Cornish male population migrated abroad"—three times that of the average of

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encouraged a parallel revival of Celtic traditions, which by the 1970s had spurred on Cornish nationalism. The United Kingdom's entry into the

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who said they were gradually "absorbed into the mainstream of English life". Although "decidedly modern" and "largely retrospective" in its

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Ethnicity breakdown from the schools census, Table: Summary of Pupils Ethnic Background in Cornwall taken at January in 2008, 2009 and 2010

5388: 4303:

Ethnicity breakdown from the schools census, Table: Summary of Pupils Ethnic Background in Cornwall taken at January in 2011, 2012 and 2013

921: 5446: 4182: 1592:

The Cornish have been described as "a special case" in England, with an "ethnic rather than regional identity". Structural changes to the

7205: 5158:"Ethnic group affiliation and social exclusion in Cornwall; analysis, adjustment and extension of the 2001 England and Wales Census data" 4318: 1267: 376: 8843: 5947: 4279: 2035:

from northern Europe, established petty kingdoms and settled in different regions of what was to become England, and parts of southern

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between 1485 and 1700 led to the Cornish adopting English language, culture and civic identity, a view reinforced by Cornish historian

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Leslie, S., Winney, B., Hellenthal, G. et al. The fine-scale genetic structure of the British population. Nature 519, 309–314 (2015).

4024:. More "militant" variants of Cornish nationalism however claim that because of historical constitutional peculiarities regarding the 2007:

missionaries from Ireland who had a profound effect upon the early Cornish people, their culture, faith and architecture. The ensuing

11106: 9073: 9044: 8775: 7740: 7524: 5610:

Ethnicity breakdown from the schools census, Table: Summary of Pupils Ethnic Background in Cornwall taken at January in 2006 and 2007

5410: 5058: 4012:, a political action group that is predominantly organised to promote Cornwall as the national homeland of the Cornish, campaign for 3665:

is thought to have existed in Cornwall during the 1st century, but limited to individual travellers and visitors, possibly including

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Ontario, ranging from the towns of Port Hope and Cobourg in the east, to Whitby in the west and to the north ends of those counties.

5432: 2263:, motivated by a "mixture of reasons"; to raise money for charity; to celebrate their community; to present their grievances to the 7227: 2128:) in 1066, resulted in the removal of the Anglo-Saxon derived monarchy, aristocracy, and clerical hierarchy and its replacement by 1666:

in 2000 found that 30% of children in Cornwall felt "Cornish, not English". A 2004 survey on national identity by the finance firm

1073: 7329: 11126: 11116: 6550: 5596: 1923:, they were tribal, and divided into regional societies, and within them sub-groups. Examples of these tribal societies were the 1831: 7078: 5563: 5502: 4873: 4658: 11146: 11131: 11121: 8883: 7993:

Iron Age Communities in Britain: an account of England, Scotland and Wales from the seventh century BC until the Roman conquest

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were nearly indistinguishable in this period, and both Cornwall and Brittany remain dotted with dedications to the same Celtic

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but were forced away by the Spanish to a beach at Mocambo from where they hauled their machinery through jungle and swamp to

2758: 1546: 1187: 842: 702: 337: 4995: 4744: 1589:

5.6 per cent. Weighting of the 2001 Census data gives a figure of 154,791 people with Cornish ethnicity living in Cornwall.

4117: 4113: 3996:

dominated Cornish politics during the 19th century, although Socialism gained limited support in western Cornwall, and the

3943: 3808: 2854: 2774: 2665: 2598: 1827: 5281: 11141: 8133: 4066: 2566: 1511: 402: 6965: 5634: 2711:, was highly valued by the communities they met. Within Great Britain, Cornish families were attracted from Cornwall to 8848: 4157: 3435: 3149:, a centred white cross on a black field, was described as the "Standard of Cornwall" in 1838 and was re-introduced by 2137: 1734:

failed to win the support of Parliament in 2009. As a consequence, posters were created by the census organisation and

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Most migratory Cornish to the United States were classified as English or British, meaning that the precise number of

10604: 10417: 8411: 8186: 7872: 6020: 5765: 5352:

Dickinson, Robert (2010). Payton, Philip (ed.). "Meanings of Cornishness: A Study of Contemporary Cornish Identity".

5257: 5234: 4205: 4025: 3824: 2380: 2053:(modern English: Welsh) meaning "stranger" or "foreigner", to describe their opponents, later specifying them as the 1644: 1399: 7567: 6684: 4507: 4347: 4009: 2957: 2614: 1490: 1108: 1031: 964: 893: 817: 7754: 6036: 9596: 9006: 6940: 4017: 3958: 2623: 2219: 2012: 614: 533: 7489: 5713: 5095: 90:

32,254 – 46% of school pupils in Cornwall recorded as having Cornish ethnicity in 2013, rising to 51.1% in 2017;

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Olalde, I; et al. (May 2017). "The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe".

5521: 4090: 3935: 3883: 2802:. Cornish identity was embraced strongly in the Yorke Peninsula, but also in the more outlying mining towns of 2708: 1593: 1478:

in 2002, and in 2014 the Cornish people were recognised and afforded protection by the UK Government under the

911: 837: 827: 804: 618: 10587: 8768: 6847:; Paul Robert Magocsi, editor, University of Toronto Press for Multicultural History Society of Ontario, 1999 6725: 4537: 4468: 4428: 3563: 3474: 3340: 3196: 2952:

in 1910. Although the Cornish community in Mexico broadly returned to Cornwall, they left a cultural legacy;

2928:) of mining machinery with which to apply their mining skill and technologies to resuscitate Mexico's ailing 1192: 1169: 832: 324: 304: 5476: 1798:

2020: 45.9 percent - due to an error in the management system of a number of schools, pupils identifying as

1764:

ethnicity of children at primary schools whilst pupils at secondary schools can decide their own ethnicity.

10860: 8928: 4152: 3820: 3357:

family in the early 20th century, contains several Cornish language terms. These were also included in the

3008:

and copper in North America prompted an influx of Cornish miners to the continent, particularly around the

2953: 2332:

liturgical text in the English language, should be introduced to all churches in his kingdom, meaning that

2000: 1670:

found that 44% of respondents in Cornwall saw themselves as Cornish rather than British or English. A 2008

1036: 5311: 4762:

of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Cornwall, Great Britain, its inhabitants, or the Cornish language.

4257: 10060: 9320: 7261: 4049: 4034: 3804: 3013: 2982:. Although an international gold rush, the Cornish overwhelmingly formed the skilled labour force in the 2933: 2766: 2762: 2008: 1050: 1026: 1018: 974: 940: 822: 4638: 2782:

in the 19th century. A "vigorous recruiting campaign" was launched to encourage the Cornish to aid with

2442:

had a major impact upon the Cornish people. Cornwall's economy was fully integrated into England's, and

1651:), describe themselves as "Cornish" and "English". Meanwhile, another international rugby union player, 11183: 10631: 10506: 10111: 10080: 9460: 8948: 8913: 8903: 7308: 6102: 2799: 2728: 2570: 2121: 1731: 1724: 1636: 1609: 1562: 1525: 1495: 1177: 443: 94: 81: 44: 17: 1549:

or nation, distinct from their neighbours, with their own language, society and customs. A process of

10592: 10427: 10055: 4230: 4029: 3516: 3415: 3392: 2831: 2594: 2423: 2290:

Cornish was the most widely spoken language west of the River Tamar until around the mid-1300s, when

2248: 2099: 1956: 1340: 1004: 984: 916: 856: 473: 10392: 2148:

to be the last Earl of Cornwall to be directly descended from the ancient monarchy of Cornwall. The

87:

26% of the population of Cornwall identified as Cornish in the Cornwall Quality of Life Survey 2007;

32:

This article is about the ethnic group and worldwide diaspora. For the inhabitants of Cornwall, see

11220: 10932: 10366: 10342: 9668: 8958: 8828: 8761: 4082: 3640: 3251: 3029: 2803: 2669: 2590: 2519: 2286:

between 1300 and 1750, with the Cornish people gradually adopting English as their common language.

2198: 2161: 1450: 750: 33: 6130: 11215: 10643: 10291: 9837: 9551: 9370: 9260: 8838: 8618: 8138:

Human Rights, Constitutional Law and the Development of the English Legal System: selected essays

6485: 5852: 4074: 3931: 3832: 3770:

is an occasional festive Cornish dish with the heads of fish standing on their tails, originally

3317: 3009: 2975: 2827: 2823: 1885: 1684: 1648: 1507: 1103: 735: 295: 7823:

Andrews, Robert; Brown, Jules; Humphreys, Rob; Lee, Phil; Reid, Donald; Whitfield, Paul (2006),

5295:

Willett, Joanie (2008). Payton, Philip (ed.). "Cornish Identity: Vague Notion or Social Fact?".

3858:), Wrasslin' has been promoted as a distinctly Celtic game, tied closely with Cornish identity. 2613:

in Celtic languages and culture during the 1960s and 1970s spurred on the popularisation of the

1343:. Many in Cornwall today continue to assert a distinct identity separate from or in addition to 11111: 11030: 10993: 10065: 9350: 9345: 8805: 8700:

Rebels and Rulers, 1500–1660; vol. 2: Provincial rebellion: Revolutionary Civil Wars, 1560–1660

8024: 5454: 4190: 4078: 4001: 3869:, one of Britain's "premier surfing towns", regularly hosts world championship surfing events. 3698: 3694: 3636: 3534:

was the first Cornish-born painter to gain widespread attention; his work was exhibited at the

3276: 3263: 3118: 2979: 2944:. During this haul through the jungle, the Cornishmen and their Mexican helpers fell victim to 2807: 2601:

was formed to facilitate, preserve and maintain Celticity in Cornwall, followed by the similar

2345: 1663: 1098: 785: 683: 40: 7197: 3803:

With its comparatively small, rural population, major contribution by the Cornish to national

1339:

from somewhere between the 11th and 7th centuries BC and inhabited Britain at the time of the

10877: 10692: 10437: 10337: 9708: 9546: 9525: 7460:"Cornish rugby union celebrate 125 years of pride and passion – but are they the lost tribe?" 6480: 4005: 3982: 3966: 3559: 3325: 3192: 3154: 3146: 2866: 2849: 2479: 2439: 2397: 2337: 2325: 2264: 2202: 2103: 1891: 1529: 1458: 1379: 1248: 1143: 949: 790: 775: 770: 631: 600: 221: 205: 6037:"The Bretons and Normans of England 1066–1154: the family, the fief and the feudal monarchy" 5939: 11020: 10892: 10626: 10276: 9673: 9591: 9400: 9325: 8646:

The Liberal Party in South-west Britain since 1918: political decline, dormancy and rebirth

8422:

Medieval Europeans: studies in ethnic identity and national perspectives in Medieval Europe

8010: 7894: 7516: 6654: 6248: 5734: 5312:"Xians-via-Yish?: Language Attitudes and Cultural Identities on Britain's Celtic Periphery" 3927: 3878: 3425: 3134: 3021: 2527: 2392:. As the Cornish language diminished the people of Cornwall underwent a process of English 2321: 2232: 2228: 2125: 2062: 1916: 1865:, making them distinct from the English, many (but not all) of whom are descended from the 1692: 1671: 1538: 1332: 1304: 1063: 780: 688: 626: 595: 573: 489: 7732: 7042: 5687: 5424: 5402: 5066: 3831:

has become a sport strongly tied with notions of Cornishness, and since the 20th century,

2562:

that had been used in the 16th century, before the language became influenced by English.

8: 11169: 10907: 10776: 10706: 10687: 10666: 10599: 10422: 10296: 10116: 10101: 10096: 10050: 10025: 9698: 9586: 9571: 9385: 9204: 8999: 8968: 8908: 8873: 8213: 3978: 3674: 3464: 3362: 3304: 3272: 3247: 3086: 3074: 3053: 3017: 2969: 2783: 2555: 2317: 2211: 2149: 2079: 2004: 1965: 1948: 1920: 1900: 1875: 1874:, most of the people that had inhabited Britain since the Neolithic era were replaced by 1816: 1446: 1408: 1359: 1088: 1058: 906: 740: 10306: 8014: 7898: 7235: 4781:"Cornish people formally declared a national minority along with Scots, Welsh and Irish" 4733: 3689:

monks and holy women from Ireland; this "formative period" has left a legacy of granite

3303:. He based his work on Cornish as it was spoken in the 18th century, although his pupil 2834:

towns on the Yorke Peninsula, which attracts tens of thousands of visitors bi-annually.

11073: 10804: 10697: 10661: 10582: 10537: 10432: 10258: 10149: 10106: 10035: 9842: 9617: 9380: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9265: 9122: 9078: 8963: 8923: 8868: 8823: 8599: 8510: 8117: 7922: 7553:"Devolution for the Duchy – The Liberal Party and the Nationalist Movement in Cornwall" 7337: 7142: 5588: 5334: 4380: 4057: 3993: 3947: 3759: 3662: 3478: 3470: 3382: 3336: 3078: 3062: 2949: 2937: 2905: 2779: 2749: 2712: 2688: 2649: 2593:

and the Cowethas Kelto-Kernuak (a Cornish language interest group) asserted the use of

2582: 2534:

in Cornwall, a social, linguistic and artistic movement interested in Cornish medieval

2499: 2486:

allowed for an influx of tourists to Cornwall from across Great Britain. Well into the

2456: 2452: 2443: 2353: 2141: 2124:, which began with an invasion by the troops of William, Duke of Normandy (later, King 2087: 2075: 1996: 1981: 1723:

telling people how to describe their ethnicity and national identity as Cornish in the

1375: 1149: 1083: 1078: 979: 954: 901: 283: 101: 8582:

The English and the Normans: ethnic hostility, assimilation, and identity 1066-c. 1220

8493:(1999), "The Dissidence of Despair: Rebellion and Identity in Early Modern Cornwall", 8126:

The History of Cornwall: from the earliest records and traditions, to the present time

6135:(2nd ed.). London: S. Baker, G. Leigh, T. Payne, and Benjamin White. p. 356. 3547: 1453:, the Cornish language and to some degree identity had faded, largely replaced by the 10937: 10912: 10902: 10638: 10611: 10492: 10347: 10332: 10327: 10286: 10281: 10186: 10075: 10030: 10020: 10012: 9683: 9637: 9627: 9468: 9295: 9275: 9234: 8703: 8685: 8667: 8649: 8626: 8605: 8585: 8567: 8561: 8547: 8529: 8514: 8477: 8471: 8445: 8425: 8407: 8389: 8371: 8353: 8335: 8317: 8296: 8275: 8257: 8239: 8221: 8200: 8182: 8176: 8162: 8141: 8104: 8086: 8068: 8050: 8032: 7996: 7978: 7971: 7956: 7938: 7912: 7868: 7850: 7832: 7146: 7084: 6243: 6106: 5761: 5494: 5338: 5253: 4865: 4666: 4584: 4561:"Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]" 4385: 4041: 3997: 3954: 3855: 3843: 3816: 3796: 3787: 3718: 3646: 3596: 3506: 3401: 3397: 3388: 3339:. Daily life in Cornwall therefore is conducted in the English language, albeit with 3170: 3162: 3066: 2909: 2893: 2819: 2704: 2515: 2368: 2231:

upon the impoverished Cornish to raise funds for his military campaigns against King

2215: 2214:

established two special administrative institutions in Cornwall, the first being the

2044: 1969: 1919:

in the south. The Britons were themselves a divided people; although they shared the

1730:

A campaign for the inclusion of a Cornish tick-box in the nationality section of the

1621: 1574: 1558: 1416: 1391: 1217: 1203: 1138: 1068: 994: 959: 710: 7710: 7266: 6556: 6204: 5903: 3085:, and that it is instead part of a Celtic tradition. According to American academic 2798:

Cornish settlement impacted upon social, cultural and religious life throughout the

10966: 10927: 10882: 10869: 10789: 10768: 10671: 10616: 10301: 10121: 10040: 9852: 9632: 9566: 9456: 9335: 9330: 9300: 9270: 9224: 9186: 9052: 8953: 8833: 8810: 8800: 8742: 8502: 8159:

The Australian People: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people, and their origins

7926: 7902: 7787:"The Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Growth Programme by Cornwall Council, 24/05/2022" 7134: 6051: 6015: 5784:

Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history

5361: 5326: 4070: 4045: 3919: 3896: 3616: 3354: 3243: 3214: 3182: 3158: 3041: 2999: 2843: 2724: 2661: 2653: 2639: 2627: 2460: 2279: 2240: 2206: 2190: 2032: 1904: 1841: 1735: 1704: 1454: 1430: 1427: 1352: 1296: 1093: 989: 668: 590: 551: 514: 418: 371: 279: 213: 197: 5157: 3799:

is a contact sport, a style of folk martial arts, that has its origins in Cornwall

3778:, also known as the tea treat bun, is a sweet bread with its origins in Cornwall. 3424:

account of the history of the ancient Britons, written in the mid-12th century by

2960:

are all part of the local heritage and tradition in and around Mineral del Monte.

1628:, giving the Cornish the same status as the Welsh, Scots and Irish within the UK. 1223: 11197: 11009: 10947: 10887: 10850: 10822: 10784: 10749: 10729: 10512: 10502: 10487: 10374: 10181: 10045: 9808: 9663: 9622: 9612: 9451: 9390: 9310: 9305: 9290: 9285: 9198: 8933: 8878: 6126: 4987: 4738: 4144: 3974: 3851: 3812: 3751: 3734: 3722: 3670: 3571: 3555: 3539: 3460: 3366: 3332: 3321: 3308: 3285: 3255: 3121:, derived from Celtic extraction, that have given rise to localised dedications. 3098: 2987: 2792: 2700: 2551: 2491: 2299: 1985: 1837: 1613: 1486: 1462: 1403: 678: 663: 655: 641: 636: 580: 561: 546: 541: 433: 266: 201: 5274:"Welsh patriotism is stronger than English national pride, according to a study" 4497:"Lives across a Liquid Landscape: Cornish Migration and the Transatlantic World" 4352:. British Society for Population Studies Conference. University of Southampton. 2554:, was based on Cornish as it was spoken in the 18th century, although his pupil 2294:

began to be adopted as a common language of the Cornish people. As late as 1542

1861:

Traditionally, the Cornish are thought to have been descended from the Iron Age

80:

99,754 stating their national identity as Cornish or Cornish and British in the

11048: 11038: 11014: 10961: 10917: 10832: 10812: 10794: 10739: 10734: 10702: 10547: 10527: 10352: 10253: 10232: 10227: 9864: 9798: 9793: 9782: 9763: 9757: 9753: 9561: 9556: 9515: 9442: 9428: 9340: 9315: 9280: 9239: 9229: 9152: 9092: 9036: 9028: 9019: 8992: 8863: 8784: 7801:"Anger over no Cornish tick box on next census AGAIN – despite minority status" 7548: 7293: 5782: 5757: 5273: 3600: 3567: 3511: 3312: 3281: 3267: 3259: 3236: 3150: 3102: 3094: 2692: 2610: 2602: 2559: 2531: 2472: 2464: 2431: 2409: 2389: 2291: 2283: 2260: 2256: 2236: 2016: 1854: 1667: 1605: 1597: 1582: 1470: 1466: 1438: 1363: 1348: 1344: 1320: 999: 926: 585: 568: 428: 423: 354: 254: 117: 4258:"Figure 2: Polish remains the most specified non-UK national identity in 2021" 2243:, and feeling aggrieved at "Cornwall's status as England's poorest county", a 2039:, progressively defeating the Britons in battle. The Saxons of the Kingdom of 1541:, the Cornish were at some points accorded the same status as the English and 1423:

is thought to have resulted in a loss of land links with the people of Wales.

11209: 10845: 10817: 10724: 10716: 10458: 10410: 10196: 10144: 9873: 9813: 9803: 9703: 9678: 9464: 8893: 8458: 8309: 8288: 8272:

One Europe, Many Nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups

6689: 6088: 4936:

In this period however land travel was far more difficult than travel by sea.

4053: 3970: 3939: 3706: 3624: 3612: 3608: 3592: 3579: 3575: 3535: 3502: 3421: 3405: 3358: 3188: 3090: 3082: 3033: 2983: 2929: 2889: 2879: 2761:

was the son of Australian Cornish immigrants who lived in the mining town of

2736: 2606: 2586: 2487: 2483: 2427: 2393: 2361: 2309: 2304: 2295: 2218:(one of only two in the Kingdom of England) and the second being the Cornish 2170: 2165: 1973: 1943:

in the west. In the extreme southwest, what was to become Cornwall, were the

1700: 1652: 1550: 1434: 1387: 1336: 1328: 760: 725: 673: 556: 509: 504: 499: 484: 479: 361: 349: 313: 250: 8439: 2316:, highlighting its socially high status. However, in 1549 and following the 1850: 11163: 10956: 10744: 10268: 10222: 10161: 10070: 9847: 9825: 9818: 9255: 9180: 9170: 9102: 8973: 8197:

Heroes of Invention: technology, Liberalism and British identity, 1750–1914

7828: 7138: 5365: 5330: 4094: 3962: 3767: 3713:, rural isolation and compatibility with Cornish tastes and sensibilities, 3678: 3584: 3527: 3486: 3463:, loot and contraband provided by pirates supported a strong and secretive 3350: 3296: 3206: 3126: 2945: 2815: 2788: 2652:

prompted an exodus of Cornish miners and families resulting in a displaced

2539: 2447: 2413: 2313: 2268: 2223: 1960: 1866: 1617: 1542: 1420: 1324: 1312: 1113: 869: 494: 455: 438: 332: 270: 258: 236: 9447: 4298: 4296: 4116:

all Cornish seats were won by the Conservatives. This was repeated in the

3201: 2683:

In the first half of the 19th century, the Cornish people were leaders in

2418: 11078: 11063: 10464: 10383: 10191: 10176: 10166: 10139: 9965: 9918: 9830: 9576: 9193: 9097: 8984: 8938: 8898: 8853: 8795: 8521: 8490: 8121: 7656: 5709: 5091: 4102: 4098: 3910: 3892: 3837: 3828: 3775: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3666: 3589: 3438:

in a narrative spanning a time of two thousand years, beginning with the

3409: 3138: 3122: 2858: 2691:

was the people's major occupation. Increased competition from Australia,

2547: 2503: 2385: 2329: 2274: 2157: 2145: 2066: 1640: 1554: 1520: 1442: 1412: 864: 745: 720: 519: 460: 342: 262: 27:

Ethnic group in Cornwall, England, UK, and the worldwide Cornish diaspora

9733: 9499: 6055: 4319:"Cornwall Council's 2021 update to the UK Government Fifth Cycle Report" 3032:, over 60 per cent of the population was Cornish. It has a tradition of 2644: 1715: 11001: 10989: 10442: 10406: 10206: 10171: 10131: 9723: 9485: 9476: 8386:

Regionalism after Regionalisation: Spain, France and the United Kingdom

8154: 8083:

Internal Colonialism: the Celtic fringe in British National Development

6059: 5787:, Nature Communications 7, Article number:10408 doi:10.1038/ncomms10408 4293: 4038: 4021: 4013: 3690: 3543: 3408:

recounting a legendary Celtic history of Brittonic warriors, including

3106: 3025: 2862: 2673: 2618: 2495: 2468: 2252: 2153: 1871: 1601: 1228: 1155: 765: 5809: 5797: 4213: 3450:

Another strand of Cornish folklore is derived from tales of seafaring

3266:. The language functioned as a community language in Cornwall until a 2605:

in 1928, and the formation of the Cornish nationalist political party

2597:

as a "national dress ... common to all Celtic countries". In 1924 the

1907:, and formed a series of tribes, cultures and identities, notably the 1402:

starting from the late 5th and early 6th centuries and the arrival of

10401: 9508: 8918: 7907: 7481: 7119: 4037:

in 1973 prompted claims that the Cornish should be granted their own

3847: 3771: 3682: 3620: 3604: 3531: 3455: 3370: 3289: 3130: 2978:

of 1886 encouraged large numbers of Cornish miners to migrate to the

2925: 2811: 2754: 2732: 2677: 2535: 2372: 2302:

was in use by much of the English aristocracy, Cornish was used as a

1940: 1928: 1924: 1632: 1578: 1210: 1197: 879: 874: 9713: 9414: 7953:

Propaganda and the Tudor State: political culture in the Westcountry

7882: 7865:

British Consciousness and Identity: the Making of Britain, 1533–1707

4376:"Ethnic origins, 2016 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories" 11058: 10522: 9975: 9930: 9894: 9882: 9728: 9688: 9503: 9495: 9490: 9472: 9395: 9132: 9127: 9112: 8943: 8747: 8506: 5739: 5672: 5664: 4313: 4311: 4272: 3766:

were exported from Cornwall to France, Italy and Spain every year.

3650: 3551: 3210: 3058: 3005: 2921: 2716: 2507: 2376: 2036: 1977: 1952: 1944: 1720: 1383: 1371: 1316: 715: 131: 9743: 3989:

in 1752, and continued, by adjournments, until 11 September 1753.

2884: 1370:, kingdoms, cultures and identities throughout Great Britain; the 11068: 11043: 10922: 10897: 10532: 10497: 10470: 10397: 10379: 9970: 9906: 9530: 9160: 9137: 8753: 6132:

Antiquities, Historical and Monumental, of the County of Cornwall

5480: 3950:. Cornish politics are marked by a long tradition of Liberalism. 3866: 3861: 3763: 3739: 3654: 3520: 3490: 2696: 2371:, a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between 2175: 2129: 2108: 1936: 1932: 1656: 1586: 1570: 1566: 1395: 755: 730: 121: 6787:"Population characteristics: Ancestry of Australia's population" 5205:"Phil Vickery: the long journey from farm boy to world champion" 4308: 3792: 3705:

was, eventually, near-universal in Cornwall and facilitated the

3166: 2308:, particularly in the remote far west of Cornwall. Many Cornish 1889:

An 18th century map of Great Britain based on accounts from the

11053: 10840: 10622:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

10542: 10517: 10481: 10475: 10388: 10311: 10237: 10156: 9658: 9142: 9087: 3558:, began to visit, with more following after the opening of the 3451: 3142: 3024:

of the mid-19th century; in the 1890s it was estimated that in

3012:. By the early 19th century Cornish people were present in the 2913: 2897: 2660:

The Cornish people are concentrated in Cornwall, but after the

2574: 2357: 2349: 2186: 2040: 2028: 2024: 1367: 386: 8738: 8640:; 7 editions, Seventh ed. Revised by H. Michell Whitley, 1895) 1626:

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

1485:

In the 2021 census, the population of Cornwall, including the

1480:

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

9942: 9748: 9693: 9581: 9175: 9117: 9107: 9065: 9015: 5018:"The Cornish: They revolted in 1497, now they're at it again" 4644: 3986: 3915: 3827:. Viewed as an "important identifier of ethnic affiliation", 3755: 3744: 3693:

monuments throughout Cornwall. Dedications to many different

3686: 3658: 3482: 3443: 2917: 2511: 2341: 2333: 2194: 2179: 2133: 2083: 2071: 2049: 2020: 1989: 1912: 1908: 1879: 1862: 413: 125: 4559:

Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (8 February 2017).

3930:

take place within a wider national political framework of a

3485:. Tales of these creatures are thought to have developed as 2765:. Harold Oliver was a three time national champion with the 2340:

was a militant revolt in Cornwall and parts of neighbouring

2336:

and Celtic customs and services should be discontinued. The

2164:, King William I's half-brother, and ruled thereafter by an 1976:

shared strong linguistic, political and cultural links with

1846: 84:

in England and Wales (in Cornwall, 15.6% of the population);

10201: 9738: 9718: 9653: 9481: 7657:"The Core Values of Mebyon Kernow – The Party For Cornwall" 6552:

How far has the "Cornish Revival" affected modern Cornwall?

5517:"Ethnicity and National Identity in England and Wales 2011" 3762:

was also well established by the 16th century, and tons of

3550:

in one". Artists who appreciated the quality of Cornwall's

3439: 3412:. The Matter of Britain was supported by texts such as the 2578: 2400:, becoming "absorbed into the mainstream of English life". 2379:, polarised the populations of England and Wales. However, 8682:

The 1549 Rebellions and the Making of Early Modern England

5564:"Over 100,000 people identify as Cornish in latest census" 3973:

in the Middle Ages, including those administered by Kings

2822:

is the largest Cornish festival in the world, held in the

2403: 100:

1,975 identifying as having Cornish ethnic origins in the

39:"Cornishman" redirects here. For the passenger train, see 7330:"What We Believe; founder of the United Methodist Church" 5381:"David Cameron must have thought he had Cornwall sewn up" 2810:, where Cornish miners constituted a sizeable community. 2684: 2609:

in 1951. Increased interest and communication across the

2182:

which made explicit mention of both peoples as distinct.

1449:. By the 18th century, and following the creation of the 7822: 4962: 4735:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

3669:, a Galician theologian who may have been exiled to the 1984:

south of Cornwall inhabited by Britons; the Cornish and

1398:

Cornish are derived from the Celtic Cornovii tribe. The

5425:"Stephen Gilbert MP calls for 'Cornish' Census answers" 3846:(also known as Wrasslin') is a regional, folk style of 3807:

has been limited. There are no teams affiliated to the

3258:, and to a lesser extent shares commonalities with the 2936:. Following their sea voyage they attempted to dock at 2113: 5589:"School census shows rise in children who are Cornish" 5562:

Minchin, Rod; Becquart, Charlotte (30 November 2022).

4087:

2009 structural changes to local government in England

3069:

celebrating Cornish culture and history every 5 March.

2861:, particularly by those who served in Great Britain's 11181: 9934: 7131:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

4069:

received 4 per cent of votes to elect councillors to

2251:. The rebellion was initially a political march from 1382:

who inhabited what was to become Cornwall during the

93:

37,500 identifying their ethnicity as Cornish in the

10320: 7935:

Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly: the complete guide

7198:"Crosses, Cornish Saints and Holy Wells in Cornwall" 4225: 4223: 4134: 4008:

of the late 19th century, and is represented by the

3836:

with pride and passion". In 1985, sports journalist

3173:

celebrating Cornish culture and history on 5 March.

3089:, modern-day Cornish activists have claimed several 3020:. Additional waves of Cornish migrants followed the 2648:

Cornish miners in the mid-19th century. A demise in

2589:

gathered pace in the early 20th century, Cornishman

2193:, but in 1337 the earldom was given the status of a 1415:

language as the "Westwalas" meaning West Welsh. The

5541:"National identity, England and Wales: Census 2021" 4252: 4250: 4248: 3865:conditions in some parts of the coast of Cornwall. 3685:, and other missionaries from Wales, as well as by 3645:Anciently, the religion of the Cornish Britons was 3578:settled in Cornwall in the 1880s, establishing the 3447:closely related to ancient heroic Celtic folklore. 3299:, a Celtic language enthusiast, published his book 2542:, a Celtic language enthusiast, published his book 1476:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

77:

Population of Cornwall from 2021 UK Census 532,300;

8044: 7970: 6301: 5543:. Office for National Statistics. 29 November 2022 5360:(18). Exeter: University of Exeter Press: 70–100. 5299:(16). Exeter: University of Exeter Press: 195–200. 4860: 4858: 4260:. Office for National Statistics. 29 November 2022 4000:won preference after World War I. Nationalism (or 2857:encouraged additional migration of the Cornish to 2185:The Earldom of Cornwall passed to various English 2136:of England were progressively divided amongst the 1569:9.2 per cent identified as ethnically Cornish, in 7228:"A Brief History of the Celtic Cross in Cornwall" 5667:(presenter) (7 June 2009). "A New Civilization". 5403:"MPs reject 'Cornish' nationality on 2011 census" 5325:(19). Exeter: University of Exeter Press: 60–83. 4233:. Office for National Statistics. 8 December 2022 4220: 3603:for abstract artists formed there, influenced by 1968:, and sometimes to have been governed by its own 1516:Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom 11207: 8623:Tourists' Guide to Cornwall and the Scilly Isles 8045:Fletcher, Anthony; MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2008), 6268:The other being the Duchy of Lancaster from 1354 5940:"General history: Etymology and ancient history" 5135:"They revolted in 1497. Now they're at it again" 4245: 2664:in the early modern period were involved in the 1806:resulting in a reduced figure for the year 2020. 1789:2013: 46.0 percent – 32,254 pupils out of 70,097 1786:2012: 43.0 percent – 30,181 pupils out of 69,909 1783:2011: 40.9 percent – 28,584 pupils out of 69,811 1780:2010: 37.2 percent – 26,140 pupils out of 69,950 1777:2009: 33.9 percent – 23,808 pupils out of 70,275 1774:2008: 30.3 percent – 21,610 pupils out of 71,302 1771:2007: 27.3 percent – 19,988 pupils out of 72,842 1768:2006: 23.7 percent – 17,218 pupils out of 72,571 7862: 7106: 6470: 6468: 5561: 4855: 4405:Release 2A: National Identity detailed Scotland 4231:"How life has changed in Cornwall: Census 2021" 4183:"The Cornish Transnational Communities Project" 3324:—were in use by the end of the 20th century. A 2312:chose mottos in the Cornish language for their 8661: 8636:(reissue of the work first published in 1878, 8597: 8563:Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups 7453: 7451: 7389: 7372: 6861: 6707: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6443: 6441: 6439: 5509: 5310:Dunmore, Stuart (2011). Payton, Philip (ed.). 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4637:Busby, Anne; Busby, Bret (30 September 2008), 4494: 3701:, according to some scholars. The adoption of 3677:was introduced to Cornwall in the year 520 by 2093: 1400:Anglo-Saxon invasion and settlement of Britain 1331:) can trace its roots to the Brittonic Celtic 9898: 9000: 8769: 7124:"The term "Great Britain" in the Middle Ages" 6504: 6502: 5113: 5111: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4401: 4399: 4368: 3717:, an evangelical revival movement within the 3496: 3311:, later steered the revival more towards the 3141:in Cornwall by the will of God to preach the 2430:Cornish identity developed during Cornwall's 2061:(the Cornish). Conflict continued until King 2003:, and Cornwall then experienced an influx of 1268: 56: 9886: 8601:Class and Space: the Making of Urban Society 8161:(2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, 8116: 8019:(2nd ed.), Truro: Netherton & Worth 7287: 6857: 6855: 6726:"I'm alright Jack > The Cornish Diaspora" 6465: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6157: 6145: 5937: 5583: 5581: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4589:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4280:"Corporate Equality and Diversity Framework" 3872: 3519:is a Cornish May Day festival celebrated in 1972:, either by the title of duke or king. This 922:Literature in the other languages of Britain 9946: 9910: 8750:, an online guide to Cornish Celtic culture 7639: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7618: 7616: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7448: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7417: 7415: 7413: 7165: 7163: 7102: 7100: 7060: 7058: 7056: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6769: 6767: 6598: 6596: 6583: 6581: 6568: 6566: 6514: 6436: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6092: 6034: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5844: 5838: 5659: 5657: 5227:"Matavesi the Cornish Fijian feels at home" 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4495:Deacon, Bernard; Schwartz, Sharron (2013). 4349:Cornish ethnicity data from the 2001 Census 4101:body responsible for local policy, setting 3953:Important historical institutions were the 3429: 3413: 2558:later steered the revival more towards the 9922: 9014: 9007: 8993: 8776: 8762: 8566:(2nd ed.), Harvard University Press, 8559: 8330:Pittaway, Mark; et al., eds. (2003), 8274:, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 21, 8254:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z 8065:Celtic Geographies: Old Culture, New Times 7863:Bradshaw, Brendan; Roberts, Peter (2003), 7400: 7398: 7180: 7178: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6649: 6647: 6499: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6351: 6349: 6205:"Timeline of Cornish History 1066–1700 AD" 5969: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5108: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5045: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5035: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4795: 4768: 4743:(4th ed.), dictionary.reference.com, 4722:the people or former language of Cornwall. 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4636: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4470:I'm alright Jack > The Cornish Diaspora 4396: 3376: 3295:The revival of Cornish began in 1904 when 2633: 2624:United Kingdom's fifth constituent country 1710: 1631:Inhabitants of Cornwall may have multiple 1319:and a recognised national minority in the 1275: 1261: 8617: 8383: 8174: 7906: 7880: 7622: 7543: 7541: 7457: 7404: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6852: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6701: 6548: 6390: 6336: 6334: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6274: 5959: 5957: 5946:, vol. 3: Cornwall, pp. iii–x, 5851:, prospect-magazine.co.uk, archived from 5738: 5578: 5495:"Cornish ethnicity and national identity" 5351: 4888: 4704: 3750:Cornish cuisine is a regional variety of 3489:explanations for the frequent and deadly 2932:industry after the neglect caused by the 2573:, melding it with romanticist notions of 2160:from England, but in 1067 was granted to 1758: 1699:In November 2010 British Prime Minister, 8726:characteristics of the Cornish peasantry 8643: 8329: 8233: 7990: 7844: 7628: 7613: 7607: 7595: 7583: 7547: 7503: 7427: 7410: 7385: 7383: 7381: 7368: 7366: 7357: 7334:United Methodist Church of Whitefish Bay 7322: 7160: 7097: 7076: 7064: 7053: 6960: 6958: 6891: 6885: 6873: 6818: 6801: 6779: 6764: 6602: 6593: 6578: 6572: 6563: 6430: 6373: 6190: 6180: 6178: 6101:(Revised and Updated ed.). Exeter: 5998: 5996: 5918: 5883: 5832: 5654: 5250:Ideology and Image: Britain and language 5059:"Genetic map of Britain goes on display" 5002: 4939: 4924: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 3909: 3895:, the former administrative seat of the 3882: 3791: 3738: 3510: 3473:that appear in Cornish folklore include 3220: 3200: 3057: 2896:, a remnant of the Cornish migration to 2883: 2848:European fishing ventures in and around 2775:beginning of Australia's colonial period 2753: 2643: 2417: 2273: 2107: 1884: 1845: 1714: 1519: 8697: 8598:Thrift, N. J.; Williams, Peter (1987), 8465:(2nd ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press 8457: 8347: 8269: 8251: 8212: 8194: 8098: 8080: 8029:The Cornish Language and its Literature 8016:A Compendium of the History of Cornwall 8008: 7845:Ball, Martin John; Fife, James (1993), 7755:"Election results by party, 2 May 2013" 7643: 7395: 7175: 7005: 6993: 6909: 6897: 6758: 6747: 6644: 6587: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6529: 6476:"Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive" 6459: 6447: 6418: 6407: 6367: 6355: 6346: 6225: 6169: 6125: 6119: 5987: 5938:Lysons, Daniel; Lysons, Samuel (1814), 5697: 5505:from the original on 28 September 2011. 5309: 5294: 5128: 5126: 5117: 5073: 5032: 4909: 4836: 4692: 4673: 4651: 4597: 4526:"Australian Population: Ethnic Origins" 4346:Brown, Malcolm (18–20 September 2006). 4341: 4339: 3725:revivals within the Church of England. 2404:Industry, revival and the modern period 1832:Historical immigration to Great Britain 14: 11208: 9863: 8662:Trewin, Carol; Woolfitt, Adam (2005), 8579: 8541: 8489: 8469: 8437: 8308: 8132: 8062: 7968: 7950: 7686:"Elections – Thursday, 4th June, 2009" 7538: 7458:Gallagher, Brendan (23 October 2008), 7442: 7184: 7169: 7112: 7017: 6928: 6713: 6508: 6384: 6340: 6331: 6325: 6290: 6284: 6271: 6087: 6075: 6002: 5963: 5954: 5950:from the original on 10 September 2011 5865: 5820: 5732: 5708: 5679: 5378: 5190: 5178: 5168:from the original on 17 February 2017. 5145:from the original on 9 September 2009. 5090: 4974: 4903: 4698: 4630: 4558: 4548:– via Monash University Library. 4430:I'm alright Jack: The Cornish Diaspora 4206:"Cornish Overseas / Cornwall Diaspora" 4063:House of Commons of the United Kingdom 4004:) in Cornwall traces its roots to the 2356:in Devon—which would both converge at 11095: 10987: 10766: 10568: 10000: 9780: 9426: 9063: 8988: 8757: 8520: 8419: 8401: 8365: 8350:Celtic Identity and the British Image 8023: 7932: 7514: 7421: 7378: 7363: 7029: 6955: 6736:from the original on 23 November 2011 6682: 6638: 6626: 6614: 6401: 6175: 6008: 5993: 5975: 5845:Oppenheimer, Stephen (October 2006), 5599:from the original on 15 January 2012. 5529:from the original on 10 January 2013. 5202: 5132: 5028:from the original on 9 September 2009 5015: 4448: 4437:from the original on 23 November 2011 4408: 4345: 4203: 3992:As in the rest of Great Britain, the 3119:its own tradition of Christian saints 2904:In 1825 a band of 60 Cornishmen left 8679: 8287: 8153: 7743:from the original on 29 January 2009 7527:from the original on 5 December 2009 6829: 6812: 6773: 6676: 6555:, cornishstudies.com, archived from 6535: 6313: 6184: 5877: 5685: 5247: 5155: 5123: 4998:from the original on 10 October 2006 4988:"Cornish gains official recognition" 4626:from the original on 4 February 2009 4336: 4210:Federation of Old Cornwall Societies 3944:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 3809:Cornwall County Football Association 2855:British colonisation of the Americas 2666:British colonisation of the Americas 2599:Federation of Old Cornwall Societies 2530:in Europe inspired and influenced a 1999:in the year 410 prompted a complete 1828:Genetic history of the British Isles 111:Regions with significant populations 11226:Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom 10988: 8728:. London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1846. 8181:, Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, 8049:(5th ed.), Pearson Education, 7733:"Unitary status agreed for council" 7560:Journal of Liberal Democrat History 7225: 7118: 6215:from the original on 27 August 2009 5810:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14230 5798:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10326 5413:from the original on 14 March 2011. 5379:Waters, Calmer (27 November 2010). 5284:from the original on 14 March 2007. 4791:from the original on 24 April 2014. 4747:from the original on 28 August 2009 4665:. 30 September 2008. Archived from 4356:from the original on 1 October 2012 4067:2009 United Kingdom local elections 4016:, and win it the status as a fifth 3235:A Cornish speaker, recorded in the 2567:visit of King George IV to Scotland 1512:Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom 1394:periods. The name Cornwall and its 24: 8783: 8717: 8438:Snyder, Christopher Allen (2003), 7667:from the original on 2 August 2009 7305:Methodist Central Hall Westminster 7077:Tristram, Hildegard L. C. (2007). 7043:"Standard Cornish spelling agreed" 6951:from the original on 27 April 2010 6484:, 15 December 2008, archived from 5914:from the original on 11 March 2014 5435:from the original on 8 March 2011. 5252:. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. 4876:from the original on 16 March 2012 4850:Cornish National Minority Report 2 4659:"Cornish Emigrants to New Zealand" 4571:from the original on 28 April 2018 4392:from the original on 22 April 2018 4158:List of topics related to Cornwall 3961:. The Stannary court administered 2138:companions of William I of England 1821: 970:Baroque music of the British Isles 25: 11237: 10418:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 8732: 7893:(2771), Marshall Cavendish: 768, 7721:from the original on 25 July 2009 7517:"The good surf guide to Cornwall" 6797:from the original on 17 June 2009 6697:from the original on 10 July 2009 6549:Witterick, Susan (7 April 2007), 6021:United States Department of State 5133:Dugan, Emily (6 September 2009). 4523: 4477:from the original on 19 July 2009 4093:, serving as the sole executive, 3887:The surviving part of the former 3825:minor counties of English cricket 3400:Cornwall was associated with the 3331:Cornish is a restored and living 3016:—particularly the mining town of 2422:The National Tartan of Cornwall. 2381:Cornwall in the English Civil War 2201:, the first son and heir of King 1645:England national rugby union team 1501: 11191: 11168: 9781: 9413: 8368:Languages in Britain and Ireland 8218:Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples 7793: 7779: 7765: 7747: 7725: 7703: 7678: 7649: 7601: 7589: 7577: 7492:from the original on 17 May 2008 7474: 7351: 7281: 7249: 7219: 7190: 7070: 7035: 7023: 7011: 6999: 6987: 6976:from the original on 31 May 2009 6915: 6903: 6879: 6867: 6845:Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples 6835: 6683:McKie, Robin (15 January 2007), 6665:from the original on 7 June 2011 6632: 6620: 6608: 6453: 6424: 5722:from the original on 9 June 2008 5715:The Cornish: A Neglected Nation? 5671:. Episode 1. 36—40 minutes in. 5203:Viner, Brian (31 January 2004), 5104:from the original on 22 May 2009 5097:The Cornish: A Neglected Nation? 4137: 4010:Cornish self-government movement 3681:, a Brython from the kingdom of 3301:Handbook of the Cornish Language 3137:, but instead floated across to 2993: 2958:Cornish Mexican Cultural Society 2865:. The creation of the colony of 2615:Cornish self-government movement 2544:Handbook of the Cornish Language 1491:Cornish self-government movement 1242: 965:Early music of the British Isles 382:Post-war period (social history) 312: 8352:, Manchester University Press, 8316:, Fowey: Alexander Associates, 8220:, University of Toronto Press, 8134:Irvine, Alexander Andrew Mackay 8101:Methodism: Empire of the Spirit 8009:Daniell, John Jeremiah (1880), 7977:, Manchester University Press, 7482:"Cornish Wrestling Association" 7208:from the original on 7 May 2009 7080:The Celtic Languages in Contact 6925:. London: Westaway Books; p. 29 6791:Australian Bureau of Statistics 6361: 6319: 6307: 6262: 6231: 6219: 6163: 6151: 6139: 6081: 6069: 6028: 5981: 5871: 5859: 5826: 5814: 5802: 5790: 5771: 5747: 5726: 5686:Wade, Nicholas (6 March 2007), 5627: 5615: 5603: 5555: 5533: 5487: 5469: 5439: 5417: 5395: 5372: 5345: 5303: 5288: 5266: 5241: 5219: 5196: 5184: 5172: 5149: 5051: 4980: 4968: 4930: 4866:"2011 Census: Cornish identity" 4842: 4727: 4640:New Zealand Cornish Association 4552: 4517: 4488: 3959:Stannary Courts and Parliaments 3774:, piercing a pastry crust. The 3349:, a novella by American author 3254:. It is closely related to the 2963: 2956:, Cornish mining museums and a 2668:and other transcontinental and 2426:are emblematic of a resurgent, 2267:, but gathered pace across the 2220:Stannary Courts and Parliaments 2013:Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain 1655:, describes himself as Cornish- 1489:, was recorded as 570,300. The 1407:Cornish people, who shared the 140:Significant Cornish diaspora in 8702:, Cambridge University Press, 8684:, Cambridge University Press, 8388:, Amsterdam University Press, 8256:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 8199:, Cambridge University Press, 7867:, Cambridge University Press, 7564:Liberal Democrat History Group 7083:. Universitätsverlag Potsdam. 6966:"Cornwall; St. Pirran's Cross" 6302:Fletcher & MacCulloch 2008 6035:Keats-Rohan, K. S. B. (1992). 5522:Office for National Statistics 5233:. 12 June 2010. Archived from 4197: 4175: 4089:, Cornwall Council has been a 3436:legendary kings of the Britons 2900:during the early-19th century. 2271:as a revolt against the king. 1959:in the 1st century introduced 1951:, who lived in the Kingdom of 1802:were inadvertently changed to 1594:politics of the United Kingdom 1433:experienced a slow process of 1315:native to, or associated with 912:Literature of Northern Ireland 642:Ireland & Northern Ireland 13: 1: 11137:Celtic place names in Galicia 10767: 8334:, Open University Worldwide, 8234:Magnaghi, Russell M. (2008), 8085:(2nd ed.), Transaction, 5904:"Overview of Cornish History" 5156:Husk, Kerryn Michael (2012). 5065:. 3 July 2012. Archived from 4163: 3900: 3197:List of Cornish dialect words 2502:, its coastline dominated by 1426:The Cornish people and their 305:Culture of the United Kingdom 10569: 9074:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 8888:British Nationals (Overseas) 8648:, Presses Université Laval, 8560:Thernstrom, Stephan (1980), 7881:Cavendish, Marshall (2002), 7301:"About the Methodist Church" 6941:"St Pirans Day Celebrations" 5636:Cornish Minority Report 2014 5016:Dugan, Emily (6 June 2009), 4168: 4153:List of people from Cornwall 3821:Cornwall County Cricket Club 3657:faith, assumed to be led by 3611:, and involving the work of 2986:, until the outbreak of the 2743: 2001:Roman departure from Britain 1074:Football in Northern Ireland 689:Anglo-Indian and South Asian 7: 10061:Welsh literature in English 10001: 9427: 9153:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 9064: 8584:, Oxford University Press, 8295:, Oxford University Press, 8195:MacLeod, Christine (2007), 8178:Chambers Compact Dictionary 7995:(4th ed.), Routledge, 7955:, Oxford University Press, 7951:Cooper, John P. D. (2003), 7937:(2nd ed.), Troubador, 7262:The Grove Dictionary of Art 7107:Bradshaw & Roberts 2003 6044:Nottingham Medieval Studies 5669:How the Celts Saved Britain 4643:, busby.net, archived from 4130: 4050:National Assembly for Wales 4048:—comparable to that of the 4035:European Economic Community 3805:sport in the United Kingdom 3630: 3369:as Col. William Ludlow and 3353:, detailing the lives of a 3341:some regional peculiarities 3292:resident who died in 1777. 3176: 3073:The survival of a distinct 3014:Upper Peninsula of Michigan 2934:Mexican War of Independence 2767:Port Adelaide Football Club 2727:, which is concentrated in 2687:and copper smelting, while 2247:out of Cornwall ensued—the 2094:Anglicisation and rebellion 2009:decline of the Roman Empire 1457:(albeit Cornish-influenced 975:Early British popular music 10: 11242: 10081:Scottish Gaelic literature 9461:Brigantia (ancient region) 8959:Turks and Caicos Islanders 8495:Journal of British Studies 8406:, Penzance: Alison Hodge, 7825:The Rough Guide to Britain 7815: 7390:Trewin & Woolfitt 2005 7373:Trewin & Woolfitt 2005 6862:Thrift & Williams 1987 6708:Thrift & Williams 1987 6103:University of Exeter Press 4536:(4): 12–16. Archived from 4105:, and allocating budgets. 3876: 3785: 3732: 3728: 3634: 3500: 3497:Performing and visual arts 3386: 3380: 3186: 3180: 3051: 3047: 2997: 2967: 2877: 2841: 2800:history of South Australia 2747: 2729:English-speaking countries 2637: 2571:Scottish national identity 2407: 2122:Norman conquest of England 2097: 1835: 1825: 1814: 1810: 1563:United Kingdom Census 2001 1545:and considered a separate 1505: 1496:United Kingdom Census 2011 95:United Kingdom Census 2001 82:United Kingdom Census 2021 45:The Cornishman (newspaper) 38: 31: 11159: 11102: 11096: 11091: 11029: 11000: 10983: 10946: 10868: 10859: 10831: 10803: 10775: 10762: 10715: 10680: 10654: 10575: 10564: 10451: 10428:Hebridean Celtic Festival 10365: 10267: 10246: 10215: 10130: 10089: 10056:Welsh-language literature 10011: 10007: 9996: 9958: 9872: 9789: 9776: 9646: 9605: 9539: 9435: 9422: 9411: 9248: 9217: 9151: 9072: 9059: 9026: 8819: 8791: 8546:, Yale University Press, 8473:Rick Steves' England 2008 8420:Smyth, Alfred P. (1998), 8384:Schrijver, Frans (2006), 8366:Price, Glanville (2000), 8175:Macdonald, A. M. (1969), 8103:, Yale University Press, 8081:Hechter, Michael (1999), 7969:Cubitt, Geoffrey (1998), 6016:"United Kingdom – People" 5848:Myths of British Ancestry 5688:"A United Kingdom? Maybe" 5231:International Rugby Board 4058:left-wing political party 4030:law of the European Union 3873:Institutions and politics 3431:Historia Regum Britanniae 3416:Historia Regum Britanniae 3393:Historia Regum Britanniae 3129:was to be drowned in the 3093:inventions including the 2873: 2837: 2595:Cornish kilts and tartans 2506:increasingly composed of 2424:Cornish kilts and tartans 2249:Cornish rebellion of 1497 2100:Cornish rebellion of 1497 1957:Roman conquest of Britain 1705:Cornish unitary authority 1659:and Cornish not English. 1249:United Kingdom portal 1005:Music of Northern Ireland 985:Music in Medieval England 917:Welsh-language literature 277: 248: 243: 233: 228: 195: 190: 183: 176: 169: 161: 153: 145: 138: 115: 110: 69: 64: 43:. For the newspaper, see 10861:Ancient Celtic languages 8844:British Virgin Islanders 8644:Tregidga, Garry (2000), 8619:Tregellas, Walter Hawken 8604:, Taylor & Francis, 8580:Thomas, Hugh M. (2005), 8348:Pittock, Murray (1999), 8332:Globalization and Europe 7991:Cunliffe, Barry (2005), 7466:, London, archived from 7288:Hitchins & Drew 1824 6685:"Britain's moving story" 6158:Hitchins & Drew 1824 6146:Hitchins & Drew 1824 5642:. Cornwall Council. 2014 5211:, London, archived from 4085:(23 per cent) Since the 3936:United Kingdom's monarch 3781: 3641:Christianity in Cornwall 3538:and he was described by 3434:chronicled the lives of 3307:, with his orthography, 3262:, although they are not 3252:Insular Celtic languages 2791:, and South Australia's 2670:transatlantic migrations 2591:L. C. R. Duncombe-Jewell 2520:Battle of Bossenden Wood 2496:subtropical-like climate 2478:The construction of the 2199:Edward, the Black Prince 2162:Robert, Count of Mortain 1573:it was 7.5 per cent, in 1451:Kingdom of Great Britain 1419:between the Britons and 751:Late Summer Bank Holiday 34:Demographics of Cornwall 11132:Gaulish words in French 11117:Celtic words in English 9371:Scottish New Zealanders 9261:Anglo-Celtic Australian 8698:Zagorín, Pérez (1982), 8542:Tanner, Marcus (2006), 8402:Smelt, Maurice (2006), 8270:Minahan, James (2000), 8252:Minahan, James (2002), 8099:Hempton, David (2006), 8025:Ellis, Peter Berresford 7711:"Council and democracy" 7566:: 21–23, archived from 4616:"The Cornish in Mexico" 3932:constitutional monarchy 3914:The Old County Hall in 3833:rugby union in Cornwall 3377:Literature and folklore 3318:Unified Cornish Revised 3010:Upper Mississippi River 2976:Witwatersrand Gold Rush 2769:in 1910, 1913 and 1914. 2759:William "Harold" Oliver 2634:Geographic distribution 1895:, showing "Cornweallas" 1711:2011 and 2021 UK Census 1685:University of Edinburgh 1649:British and Irish Lions 1508:British nationality law 1308: 510:Romani people (Gypsies) 10066:Early Irish literature 9947: 9935: 9923: 9911: 9899: 9887: 9351:Scotch-Irish Canadians 9346:Scotch-Irish Americans 8806:English-speaking world 8424:, Palgrave Macmillan, 8293:The Saints of Cornwall 8063:Harvey, David (2002), 7486:cornishwrestling.co.uk 7277:– via artnet.com 7139:10.9750/PSAS.089.55.66 6239:"History of the Duchy" 6093: 5447:"Census code document" 5366:10.1386/corn.18.1.70_1 5331:10.1386/corn.19.1.60_1 5162:University of Plymouth 4765: 4724: 4118:2017 general election. 3923: 3907: 3800: 3747: 3699:Protestant Reformation 3637:List of Cornish saints 3524: 3430: 3414: 3277:Act of Uniformity 1549 3239: 3218: 3169:, and the pre-eminent 3165:is an annual patronal 3070: 3065:is an annual patronal 2980:South African Republic 2901: 2770: 2657: 2569:in 1822 reinvigorated 2498:, became a centre for 2435: 2346:Act of Uniformity 1549 2287: 2117: 1927:in the north, and the 1896: 1858: 1759:Schools census (PLASC) 1727: 1533: 1300: 57: 41:The Cornishman (train) 10693:Scottish independence 10438:Celtic Media Festival 10321:National music scenes 9547:Proto-Celtic religion 9249:Related ethnic groups 8544:The Last of the Celts 8470:Steves, Rick (2007), 8011:Collins, Joseph Henry 7933:Clegg, David (2005), 6921:Vyvyan, C. C. (1948) 6481:National Museum Wales 5477:"Cornish Census 2011" 4750: 4709: 4622:, 30 September 2008, 4114:2015 general election 4020:rather than outright 4018:country within the UK 4006:Irish Home Rule bills 3983:Edward III of England 3918:, the former seat of 3913: 3886: 3854:(a localised form of 3795: 3742: 3733:Further information: 3560:Great Western Railway 3514: 3501:Further information: 3363:film of the same name 3326:standard written form 3264:mutually intelligible 3234: 3213:, in the English and 3204: 3193:West Country dialects 3181:Further information: 3135:High Kings of Ireland 3061: 3052:Further information: 2887: 2867:British North America 2757: 2647: 2480:Great Western Railway 2440:Industrial Revolution 2421: 2338:Prayer Book Rebellion 2326:Book of Common Prayer 2277: 2265:Parliament of England 2203:Edward III of England 2111: 2104:Prayer Book Rebellion 2098:Further information: 1915:in the north and the 1892:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1888: 1849: 1826:Further information: 1718: 1523: 1459:West Country dialects 1144:Palace of Westminster 950:British popular music 601:British Sign Language 244:Related ethnic groups 206:West Country dialects 149:1,000,000 – 2,500,000 11017:(Medieval Welsh law) 10627:Scottish nationalism 10277:Ancient Celtic music 9592:Romano-Celtic temple 9401:Welsh New Zealanders 9326:Irish New Zealanders 8909:New Forest Commoners 8748:cornishculture.co.uk 8314:The Cornish Overseas 7847:The Celtic Languages 7269:on 19 September 2002 7065:Ball & Fife 1993 6573:Ball & Fife 1993 5525:. 11 December 2012. 5483:on 7 September 2011. 5248:Ager, D. E. (2003). 5063:University of Oxford 4647:on 12 September 2009 4504:University of Exeter 4187:University of Exeter 3928:politics of Cornwall 3879:Politics of Cornwall 3823:plays as one of the 3661:in full or in part. 3588:. By the 1920s, the 3426:Geoffrey of Monmouth 3328:was agreed in 2008. 3284:Cornish speaker was 3246:is derived from the 3022:California Gold Rush 2990:prompted a retreat. 2735:, a movement within 2528:Romantic nationalism 2322:Edward VI of England 2233:James IV of Scotland 2229:Henry VII of England 2168:aristocracy; in the 2144:, reported by later 2126:William I of England 2112:European nations in 2065:determined that the 2063:Athelstan of England 1966:kings of the Britons 1693:University of Exeter 1691:A 2010 study by the 1683:A 2008 study by the 1672:University of Exeter 1539:Early Modern Britain 1447:early modern periods 1134:World Heritage Sites 1064:Football in Scotland 10707:Irish republicanism 10688:Breton independence 10667:Scottish devolution 10600:Cornish nationalism 10423:Pan Celtic Festival 10297:Scottish folk music 10051:Scottish literature 9572:Celtic Christianity 9376:Scottish Travellers 9361:Scottish Argentines 9205:Scottish Travellers 8854:Chagossians (Îlois) 8834:Ascension Islanders 8680:Wood, Andy (2007), 8463:Anglo-Saxon England 8444:, Wiley-Blackwell, 8370:, Wiley-Blackwell, 8236:Cornish in Michigan 8118:Hitchins, Fortescue 7899:1922Natur.110..768R 7883:"Peoples of Europe" 7739:, 5 December 2007, 7464:The Daily Telegraph 7290:, pp. 348–349. 7156:on 5 February 2009. 7032:, pp. 115–118. 7020:, pp. 234–235. 6912:, pp. 480–481. 6655:"The History of MK" 6641:, pp. 160–161. 6532:, pp. 180–181. 6511:, pp. 164–166. 6099:Cornwall: A History 6056:10.1484/J.NMS.3.202 5855:on 21 December 2008 5835:, pp. 115–118. 5457:on 7 September 2012 5409:. 1 December 2009. 5391:on 9 December 2012. 5069:on 28 October 2013. 5048:, pp. 243–244. 4994:, 6 November 2002, 4963:Andrews et al. 2006 4669:on 16 October 2010. 4565:www12.statcan.gc.ca 4204:Pritchard, George. 4193:on 20 January 2011. 4081:(28 per cent), and 3675:Celtic Christianity 3595:was established at 3517:'Obby 'Oss festival 3471:Legendary creatures 3465:underground economy 3373:as Tristan Ludlow. 3347:Legends of the Fall 3305:Robert Morton Nance 3273:English Reformation 3087:Paul Robert Magocsi 3054:Culture of Cornwall 2970:White South African 2784:mining in Australia 2556:Robert Morton Nance 2324:commanded that the 2318:English Reformation 2212:monarchy of England 2205:, became the first 2150:Earldom of Cornwall 2080:South West Scotland 1921:Brythonic languages 1901:classical antiquity 1817:History of Cornwall 1664:Plymouth University 1596:, particularly the 1366:formed a series of 1360:classical antiquity 1089:Cricket in Scotland 1059:Football in England 943:and performing arts 907:Scottish literature 786:Saint Patrick's Day 741:Spring Bank Holiday 61: 10698:Welsh independence 10662:Cornish devolution 10583:Breton nationalism 10433:Celtic Connections 10036:Cornish literature 9381:Ulster Protestants 9366:Scottish Canadians 9356:Scottish Americans 9266:Anglo-Irish people 8964:Ulster Protestants 8924:Pitcairn Islanders 8869:Falkland Islanders 8526:Blood of the Isles 7515:Alexander, Simon, 7470:on 27 October 2008 7311:on 21 January 2007 6094:Anglia et Cornubia 5718:, BBC, p. 2, 5712:(1 January 2001), 5692:The New York Times 5624:, Cornwall Council 5612:, Cornwall Council 5595:. 3 January 2012. 5100:, BBC, p. 1, 5094:(1 January 2001), 4540:on 6 February 2016 4513:on 1 October 2008. 4473:, BBC, p. 1, 4433:, BBC, p. 2, 4381:Canada 2016 Census 4324:. Cornwall Council 4305:, Cornwall Council 4075:Conservative Party 4026:status of Cornwall 3948:head of government 3924: 3908: 3801: 3760:commercial fishing 3748: 3663:Early Christianity 3525: 3383:Cornish literature 3337:BBC Radio Cornwall 3320:, Modern Cornish, 3240: 3219: 3151:Celtic Revivalists 3147:Saint Piran's Flag 3079:culture of England 3071: 2950:Mexican Revolution 2902: 2818:in Australia. The 2771: 2750:Cornish Australian 2713:North East England 2689:mining in Cornwall 2658: 2650:mining in Cornwall 2583:Scottish Highlands 2457:Richard Trevithick 2444:mining in Cornwall 2436: 2354:Sampford Courtenay 2288: 2118: 2088:Kingdom of England 2076:North West England 1982:continental Europe 1970:Dumnonian monarchy 1897: 1859: 1795:2017: 51.1 percent 1792:2014: 48.0 percent 1728: 1534: 1409:Brythonic language 1323:, which (like the 1150:Angel of the North 1084:Cricket in Ireland 1079:Cricket in England 980:English folk music 955:British rock music 902:English literature 776:Saint Andrew's Day 771:Saint George's Day 467:Modern ethnicities 284:Cornish Australian 102:Canada 2016 Census 53: 11179: 11178: 11155: 11154: 11087: 11086: 10979: 10978: 10975: 10974: 10938:Cisalpine Gaulish 10758: 10757: 10644:national identity 10639:Welsh nationalism 10632:national identity 10612:Irish nationalism 10560: 10559: 10556: 10555: 10493:Cornish wrestling 10361: 10360: 10282:Breton Folk music 10247:Regional cultures 10090:National cultures 10076:Gaelic literature 10031:Breton literature 9992: 9991: 9988: 9987: 9984: 9983: 9772: 9771: 9684:Chief of the Name 9552:Celtic polytheism 9469:Sub-Roman Britain 9409: 9408: 9296:Irish Australians 9276:Cornish Americans 9235:Scottish diaspora 8982: 8981: 8954:Tristan Islanders 8741:, the website of 8709:978-0-521-28712-8 8691:978-0-521-83206-9 8673:978-0-906720-39-4 8655:978-0-85989-679-5 8632:978-0-554-83977-6 8611:978-0-7102-0230-7 8591:978-0-19-927886-2 8573:978-0-674-37512-3 8553:978-0-300-11535-2 8535:978-0-593-05652-3 8483:978-1-59880-097-5 8476:, Avalon Travel, 8451:978-0-631-22260-6 8431:978-0-312-21301-5 8404:101 Cornish Lives 8395:978-90-5629-428-1 8377:978-0-631-21581-3 8359:978-0-7190-5826-4 8341:978-0-7492-9612-4 8323:978-1-899526-95-6 8302:978-0-19-820765-8 8281:978-0-313-30984-7 8263:978-0-313-32384-3 8245:978-0-87013-787-7 8227:978-0-8020-2938-6 8206:978-0-521-87370-3 8168:978-0-521-80789-0 8147:978-1-84113-411-6 8110:978-0-300-11976-3 8092:978-0-7658-0475-4 8074:978-0-415-22396-6 8056:978-1-4058-7432-8 8038:978-0-7100-7928-2 8002:978-0-415-34779-2 7984:978-0-7190-5460-0 7973:Imagining Nations 7962:978-0-19-926387-5 7944:978-1-904744-99-3 7918:978-0-7614-7378-7 7856:978-0-415-01035-1 7838:978-1-84353-686-4 7789:. 9 January 2023. 7775:. 9 January 2023. 7232:Krowskernewek.com 7202:Into Cornwall.com 7090:978-3-940793-07-2 6761:, pp. 25–28. 6559:on 8 October 2011 6287:, pp. 53–54. 6244:Duchy of Cornwall 6228:, pp. 17–18. 6112:978-0-85989-232-2 4787:. 23 April 2014. 4386:Statistics Canada 4091:unitary authority 4079:Liberal Democrats 4042:national assembly 3955:Duchy of Cornwall 3856:medieval football 3844:Cornish wrestling 3817:England and Wales 3811:that play in the 3797:Cornish wrestling 3788:Sport in Cornwall 3719:Church of England 3647:Celtic polytheism 3607:painters such as 3507:Music of Cornwall 3402:Matter of Britain 3389:Matter of Britain 3232: 3042:Cornish Americans 3004:The discovery of 2910:Mineral del Monte 2894:Mineral del Monte 2820:Kernewek Lowender 2715:—particularly on 2705:England and Wales 2516:John Nichols Thom 2369:English Civil War 2352:in Cornwall, and 2255:to London led by 2216:Duchy of Cornwall 1980:, a peninsula on 1622:Council of Europe 1559:identity politics 1417:Battle of Deorham 1285: 1284: 1218:God Save the King 1204:Dieu et mon droit 1139:Buckingham Palace 1069:Football in Wales 995:Music of Scotland 960:British pop music 781:Saint David's Day 289: 288: 16:(Redirected from 11233: 11196: 11195: 11194: 11187: 11172: 11093: 11092: 10985: 10984: 10967:Galwegian Gaelic 10866: 10865: 10764: 10763: 10672:Welsh devolution 10566: 10565: 10318: 10317: 10307:Sean-nós singing 10302:Welsh folk music 10292:Irish folk music 10259:Highland culture 10041:Irish literature 10021:Arthurian Legend 10009: 10008: 9998: 9997: 9950: 9938: 9926: 9914: 9902: 9890: 9870: 9869: 9861: 9860: 9838:Neo-Christianity 9778: 9777: 9709:Gaelic astrology 9669:Celtic festivals 9567:Celtic mythology 9540:Ancient religion 9457:Iron Age Britain 9424: 9423: 9417: 9396:Welsh Argentines 9336:Irish Uruguayans 9331:Irish Travellers 9301:Irish Brazilians 9291:Irish Argentines 9271:Breton Americans 9225:Cornish diaspora 9187:Irish Travellers 9061: 9060: 9053:Celtic languages 9009: 9002: 8995: 8986: 8985: 8811:British diaspora 8801:English language 8778: 8771: 8764: 8755: 8754: 8743:Cornwall Council 8712: 8694: 8676: 8666:, Alison Hodge, 8664:Gourmet Cornwall 8658: 8635: 8625:, BiblioBazaar, 8614: 8594: 8576: 8556: 8538: 8528:, Bantam Press, 8517: 8486: 8466: 8454: 8434: 8416: 8398: 8380: 8362: 8344: 8326: 8305: 8284: 8266: 8248: 8230: 8214:Magocsi, Paul R. 8209: 8191: 8171: 8150: 8129: 8113: 8095: 8077: 8059: 8047:Tudor Rebellions 8041: 8020: 8005: 7987: 7976: 7965: 7947: 7929: 7910: 7908:10.1038/110768e0 7877: 7859: 7841: 7809: 7808: 7797: 7791: 7790: 7783: 7777: 7776: 7769: 7763: 7762: 7759:Cornwall Council 7751: 7745: 7744: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7715:Cornwall Council 7707: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7697: 7690:Cornwall Council 7682: 7676: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7653: 7647: 7641: 7626: 7620: 7611: 7605: 7599: 7593: 7587: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7557: 7545: 7536: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7512: 7501: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7455: 7446: 7440: 7425: 7419: 7408: 7402: 7393: 7387: 7376: 7370: 7361: 7355: 7349: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7340:on 25 March 2008 7336:, archived from 7326: 7320: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7307:, archived from 7297: 7291: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7265:, archived from 7253: 7247: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7238:on 13 March 2009 7234:, archived from 7223: 7217: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7194: 7188: 7182: 7173: 7167: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7149:. Archived from 7128: 7116: 7110: 7104: 7095: 7094: 7074: 7068: 7062: 7051: 7050: 7039: 7033: 7027: 7021: 7015: 7009: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6962: 6953: 6952: 6937: 6926: 6919: 6913: 6907: 6901: 6895: 6889: 6883: 6877: 6871: 6865: 6859: 6850: 6839: 6833: 6827: 6816: 6810: 6799: 6798: 6783: 6777: 6771: 6762: 6756: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6722: 6711: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6680: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6651: 6642: 6636: 6630: 6624: 6618: 6612: 6606: 6600: 6591: 6585: 6576: 6570: 6561: 6560: 6546: 6533: 6527: 6512: 6506: 6497: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6488:on 15 April 2011 6472: 6463: 6457: 6451: 6445: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6405: 6399: 6388: 6382: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6344: 6338: 6329: 6323: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6304:, pp. 21–22 6299: 6288: 6282: 6269: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6247:, archived from 6235: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6211:, 10 June 2009, 6209:Cornwall Council 6201: 6188: 6182: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6143: 6137: 6136: 6127:Borlase, William 6123: 6117: 6116: 6096: 6085: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6065:on 24 July 2011. 6064: 6058:. Archived from 6041: 6032: 6026: 6025: 6012: 6006: 6000: 5991: 5985: 5979: 5978:, pp. 24–25 5973: 5967: 5961: 5952: 5951: 5935: 5916: 5915: 5910:, 23 June 2009, 5908:Cornwall Council 5900: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5788: 5775: 5769: 5754:Iron Age Britain 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5706: 5695: 5694: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5661: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5641: 5631: 5625: 5619: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5585: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5501:. 3 March 2011. 5499:Cornwall Council 5491: 5485: 5484: 5479:. Archived from 5473: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5453:. Archived from 5451:Cornwall Council 5443: 5437: 5436: 5431:. 7 March 2011. 5421: 5415: 5414: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5387:. Archived from 5385:This is Cornwall 5376: 5370: 5369: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5316: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5280:. 3 March 2004. 5270: 5264: 5263: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5237:on 13 June 2010. 5223: 5217: 5216: 5215:on 12 March 2009 5200: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5176: 5170: 5169: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5130: 5121: 5115: 5106: 5105: 5088: 5071: 5070: 5055: 5049: 5043: 5030: 5029: 5013: 5000: 4999: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4937: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4907: 4901: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4870:Cornwall Council 4862: 4853: 4846: 4840: 4834: 4793: 4792: 4777: 4766: 4748: 4731: 4725: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4671: 4670: 4663:Cornwall-OPC.org 4655: 4649: 4648: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4612: 4595: 4594: 4588: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4556: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4530:People and Place 4524:Price, Charles. 4521: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4506:. Archived from 4501: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4465: 4446: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4425: 4406: 4403: 4394: 4393: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4343: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4323: 4315: 4306: 4300: 4291: 4290: 4287:Cornwall Council 4284: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4254: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4227: 4218: 4217: 4216:on 1 March 2014. 4212:. Archived from 4201: 4195: 4194: 4189:. Archived from 4179: 4147: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4071:Cornwall Council 4046:Cornish Assembly 3957:and the Cornish 3920:Cornwall Council 3905: 3902: 3897:Duke of Cornwall 3617:Barbara Hepworth 3461:fishing villages 3433: 3422:pseudohistorical 3419: 3355:Cornish American 3244:Cornish language 3233: 3183:Cornish language 3171:Cornish festival 3159:Cornwall Council 3153:thereafter as a 3099:Christmas carols 3067:Cornish festival 3000:Cornish American 2844:Cornish Canadian 2725:Cornish diaspora 2709:hard rock mining 2662:Age of Discovery 2654:Cornish diaspora 2640:Cornish diaspora 2628:Cornish Assembly 2471:ironworks, near 2461:steam locomotive 2373:Parliamentarians 2280:Cornish language 2245:popular uprising 2241:northern England 2207:Duke of Cornwall 2191:High Middle Ages 2057:(West Welsh) or 2033:Germanic peoples 2005:Celtic Christian 1986:Breton languages 1905:Celtic languages 1903:the Celts spoke 1857:site in Cornwall 1842:Cornish surnames 1736:Cornwall Council 1585:6 per cent, and 1467:British identity 1455:English language 1431:Cornish language 1353:Cornish diaspora 1277: 1270: 1263: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1094:Cricket in Wales 990:English art song 515:Irish Travellers 474:British identity 409:Historic peoples 377:Second World War 362:Edwardian period 350:Victorian period 316: 307: 291: 290: 280:Cornish American 65:Total population 62: 60: 52: 21: 11241: 11240: 11236: 11235: 11234: 11232: 11231: 11230: 11221:Brythonic Celts 11206: 11205: 11202: 11192: 11190: 11182: 11180: 11175: 11151: 11098: 11083: 11025: 11021:Early Scots law 11010:Early Irish law 10996: 10971: 10948:Scottish Gaelic 10942: 10883:Proto-Brittonic 10855: 10851:Beurla Reagaird 10827: 10823:Scottish Gaelic 10799: 10771: 10754: 10750:Columba Project 10730:Celtic Congress 10711: 10676: 10650: 10571: 10552: 10513:Gaelic handball 10503:Gaelic football 10488:Cornish hurling 10447: 10357: 10316: 10263: 10242: 10228:Gaelic clothing 10211: 10126: 10085: 10046:Manx literature 10003: 9980: 9959:Other claimants 9954: 9859: 9809:Celtic Congress 9785: 9768: 9664:Celtic calendar 9642: 9601: 9535: 9431: 9418: 9405: 9391:Welsh Americans 9311:Irish Catholics 9306:Irish Canadians 9286:Irish Americans 9244: 9218:Celtic diaspora 9213: 9147: 9076: 9068: 9055: 9022: 9013: 8983: 8978: 8929:Saint Helenians 8815: 8787: 8782: 8739:cornwall.gov.uk 8735: 8723:Miles, Sibella 8720: 8718:Further reading 8715: 8710: 8692: 8674: 8656: 8633: 8612: 8592: 8574: 8554: 8536: 8484: 8452: 8432: 8414: 8396: 8378: 8360: 8342: 8324: 8303: 8282: 8264: 8246: 8228: 8207: 8189: 8169: 8148: 8111: 8093: 8075: 8057: 8039: 8003: 7985: 7963: 7945: 7919: 7875: 7857: 7839: 7818: 7813: 7812: 7805:Falmouth Packet 7799: 7798: 7794: 7785: 7784: 7780: 7771: 7770: 7766: 7753: 7752: 7748: 7731: 7730: 7726: 7717:, 27 May 2009, 7709: 7708: 7704: 7695: 7693: 7684: 7683: 7679: 7670: 7668: 7655: 7654: 7650: 7642: 7629: 7621: 7614: 7606: 7602: 7594: 7590: 7582: 7578: 7573:on 17 June 2009 7570: 7555: 7551:(Spring 1999), 7549:Tregidga, Garry 7546: 7539: 7530: 7528: 7513: 7504: 7495: 7493: 7480: 7479: 7475: 7456: 7449: 7441: 7428: 7420: 7411: 7403: 7396: 7388: 7379: 7371: 7364: 7356: 7352: 7343: 7341: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7314: 7312: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7286: 7282: 7272: 7270: 7255: 7254: 7250: 7241: 7239: 7226:Everitt, Alex, 7224: 7220: 7211: 7209: 7196: 7195: 7191: 7183: 7176: 7168: 7161: 7153: 7126: 7117: 7113: 7105: 7098: 7091: 7075: 7071: 7063: 7054: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7028: 7024: 7016: 7012: 7004: 7000: 6992: 6988: 6979: 6977: 6964: 6963: 6956: 6939: 6938: 6929: 6920: 6916: 6908: 6904: 6896: 6892: 6884: 6880: 6872: 6868: 6860: 6853: 6840: 6836: 6828: 6819: 6811: 6802: 6793:, 3 June 2003, 6785: 6784: 6780: 6772: 6765: 6757: 6748: 6739: 6737: 6724: 6723: 6714: 6706: 6702: 6681: 6677: 6668: 6666: 6653: 6652: 6645: 6637: 6633: 6625: 6621: 6613: 6609: 6601: 6594: 6586: 6579: 6571: 6564: 6547: 6536: 6528: 6515: 6507: 6500: 6491: 6489: 6474: 6473: 6466: 6458: 6454: 6446: 6437: 6429: 6425: 6417: 6408: 6400: 6391: 6383: 6374: 6366: 6362: 6354: 6347: 6339: 6332: 6324: 6320: 6312: 6308: 6300: 6291: 6283: 6272: 6267: 6263: 6254: 6252: 6251:on 20 July 2011 6237: 6236: 6232: 6224: 6220: 6203: 6202: 6191: 6183: 6176: 6168: 6164: 6156: 6152: 6144: 6140: 6124: 6120: 6113: 6086: 6082: 6078:, pp. 3–4. 6074: 6070: 6062: 6039: 6033: 6029: 6014: 6013: 6009: 6001: 5994: 5986: 5982: 5974: 5970: 5962: 5955: 5944:Magna Britannia 5936: 5919: 5902: 5901: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5843: 5839: 5831: 5827: 5823:, pp. 1–5. 5819: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5795: 5791: 5776: 5772: 5752: 5748: 5731: 5727: 5707: 5698: 5684: 5680: 5663: 5662: 5655: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5608: 5604: 5587: 5586: 5579: 5569: 5567: 5560: 5556: 5546: 5544: 5539: 5538: 5534: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5493: 5492: 5488: 5475: 5474: 5470: 5460: 5458: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5377: 5373: 5354:Cornish Studies 5350: 5346: 5319:Cornish Studies 5314: 5308: 5304: 5297:Cornish Studies 5293: 5289: 5272: 5271: 5267: 5260: 5246: 5242: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5209:The Independent 5201: 5197: 5189: 5185: 5177: 5173: 5154: 5150: 5139:The Independent 5131: 5124: 5116: 5109: 5089: 5074: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5046:Thernstrom 1980 5044: 5033: 5022:The Independent 5014: 5003: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4973: 4969: 4961: 4940: 4935: 4931: 4927:, pp. 2–3. 4923: 4910: 4902: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4864: 4863: 4856: 4847: 4843: 4835: 4796: 4785:The Independent 4779: 4778: 4769: 4749: 4732: 4728: 4708: 4703: 4699: 4691: 4674: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4635: 4631: 4614: 4613: 4598: 4582: 4581: 4574: 4572: 4557: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4522: 4518: 4510: 4499: 4493: 4489: 4480: 4478: 4467: 4466: 4449: 4440: 4438: 4427: 4426: 4409: 4404: 4397: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4344: 4337: 4327: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4309: 4301: 4294: 4282: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4256: 4255: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4229: 4228: 4221: 4202: 4198: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4145:Cornwall portal 4143: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4077:(34 per cent), 3934:, in which the 3903: 3881: 3875: 3852:Cornish hurling 3813:Football League 3790: 3784: 3752:British cuisine 3737: 3735:Cornish cuisine 3731: 3671:Isles of Scilly 3643: 3633: 3572:Stanhope Forbes 3556:J. M. W. Turner 3540:Joshua Reynolds 3509: 3499: 3395: 3385: 3379: 3367:Anthony Hopkins 3333:modern language 3322:Kernewek Kemmyn 3309:Unified Cornish 3286:Dolly Pentreath 3256:Breton language 3221: 3199: 3185: 3179: 3075:Cornish culture 3063:St. Piran's Day 3056: 3050: 3002: 2996: 2988:Second Boer War 2972: 2966: 2954:Cornish pasties 2882: 2876: 2846: 2840: 2793:Yorke Peninsula 2752: 2746: 2701:human migration 2642: 2636: 2552:Unified Cornish 2500:English tourism 2492:interwar period 2453:mining engineer 2416: 2406: 2300:Norman language 2189:throughout the 2106: 2096: 2011:encouraged the 1844: 1838:Tre Pol and Pen 1834: 1824: 1822:Ancestral roots 1819: 1813: 1804:Any Other White 1761: 1713: 1518: 1504: 1487:Isles of Scilly 1333:ancient Britons 1281: 1243: 1241: 1234: 1233: 1188:National anthem 1173: 1172: 1161: 1160: 1129: 1128: 1119: 1118: 1054: 1053: 1042: 1041: 1022: 1021: 1010: 1009: 945: 944: 932: 931: 897: 896: 885: 884: 860: 859: 848: 847: 843:Modern Paganism 808: 807: 796: 795: 706: 705: 694: 693: 659: 658: 647: 646: 622: 621: 606: 605: 581:Scottish Gaelic 537: 536: 525: 524: 406: 405: 394: 393: 372:Interwar period 367:First World War 338:Napoleonic Wars 333:Georgian period 328: 327: 303: 278: 273: 267:Scottish people 239: 224: 129: 128:) 99,754 (2021) 120: 116:United Kingdom 106: 55: 51: 48: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11239: 11229: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11216:Cornish people 11201: 11200: 11177: 11176: 11174: 11173: 11166: 11160: 11157: 11156: 11153: 11152: 11150: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11103: 11100: 11099: 11089: 11088: 11085: 11084: 11082: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11039:Gaelic warfare 11035: 11033: 11027: 11026: 11024: 11023: 11018: 11015:Cyfraith Hywel 11012: 11006: 11004: 10998: 10997: 10981: 10980: 10977: 10976: 10973: 10972: 10970: 10969: 10964: 10962:Deeside Gaelic 10959: 10953: 10951: 10944: 10943: 10941: 10940: 10935: 10933:Hispano-Celtic 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10888:Proto-Goidelic 10885: 10880: 10874: 10872: 10863: 10857: 10856: 10854: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10837: 10835: 10829: 10828: 10826: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10809: 10807: 10801: 10800: 10798: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10781: 10779: 10773: 10772: 10760: 10759: 10756: 10755: 10753: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10740:Celtic society 10737: 10735:Celtic Revival 10732: 10727: 10721: 10719: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10709: 10703:United Ireland 10700: 10695: 10690: 10684: 10682: 10678: 10677: 10675: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10658: 10656: 10652: 10651: 10649: 10648: 10647: 10646: 10636: 10635: 10634: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10608: 10607: 10597: 10596: 10595: 10590: 10579: 10577: 10573: 10572: 10562: 10561: 10558: 10557: 10554: 10553: 10551: 10550: 10548:Welsh handball 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10528:Highland games 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10461: 10455: 10453: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10414: 10413: 10404: 10395: 10386: 10371: 10369: 10363: 10362: 10359: 10358: 10356: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10324: 10322: 10315: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10273: 10271: 10265: 10264: 10262: 10261: 10256: 10254:Gaelic culture 10250: 10248: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10240: 10235: 10233:Highland dress 10230: 10225: 10219: 10217: 10213: 10212: 10210: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10197:Pictish stones 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10153: 10152: 10142: 10136: 10134: 10128: 10127: 10125: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10093: 10091: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10017: 10015: 10005: 10004: 9994: 9993: 9990: 9989: 9986: 9985: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9962: 9960: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9952: 9940: 9928: 9916: 9904: 9892: 9879: 9877: 9867: 9858: 9857: 9856: 9855: 9850: 9840: 9835: 9834: 9833: 9823: 9822: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9801: 9799:Celtic nations 9796: 9794:Celtic Revival 9790: 9787: 9786: 9774: 9773: 9770: 9769: 9767: 9766: 9761: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9650: 9648: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9609: 9607: 9603: 9602: 9600: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9562:Celtic Animism 9559: 9557:Celtic deities 9554: 9549: 9543: 9541: 9537: 9536: 9534: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9516:Cisalpine Gaul 9513: 9512: 9511: 9506: 9488: 9479: 9454: 9445: 9443:Gaelic Ireland 9439: 9437: 9433: 9432: 9420: 9419: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9341:Manx Americans 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9316:Irish Chileans 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9281:English people 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9252: 9250: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9242: 9240:Welsh diaspora 9237: 9232: 9230:Irish diaspora 9227: 9221: 9219: 9215: 9214: 9212: 9211: 9210: 9209: 9208: 9207: 9196: 9191: 9190: 9189: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9157: 9155: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9084: 9082: 9070: 9069: 9057: 9056: 9037:Celtic studies 9029:Celtic nations 9027: 9024: 9023: 9012: 9011: 9004: 8997: 8989: 8980: 8979: 8977: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8914:Northern Irish 8911: 8906: 8904:Montserratians 8901: 8896: 8891: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8785:British people 8781: 8780: 8773: 8766: 8758: 8752: 8751: 8745: 8734: 8733:External links 8731: 8730: 8729: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8713: 8708: 8695: 8690: 8677: 8672: 8659: 8654: 8641: 8631: 8615: 8610: 8595: 8590: 8577: 8572: 8557: 8552: 8539: 8534: 8518: 8507:10.1086/386202 8501:(4): 423–444, 8487: 8482: 8467: 8459:Stenton, F. M. 8455: 8450: 8435: 8430: 8417: 8412: 8399: 8394: 8381: 8376: 8363: 8358: 8345: 8340: 8327: 8322: 8310:Payton, Philip 8306: 8301: 8289:Orme, Nicholas 8285: 8280: 8267: 8262: 8249: 8244: 8231: 8226: 8210: 8205: 8192: 8187: 8172: 8167: 8151: 8146: 8130: 8114: 8109: 8096: 8091: 8078: 8073: 8060: 8055: 8042: 8037: 8021: 8006: 8001: 7988: 7983: 7966: 7961: 7948: 7943: 7930: 7917: 7878: 7873: 7860: 7855: 7842: 7837: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7811: 7810: 7792: 7778: 7764: 7746: 7724: 7702: 7677: 7648: 7646:, p. 483. 7627: 7625:, p. 106. 7623:Schrijver 2006 7612: 7600: 7588: 7576: 7537: 7502: 7473: 7447: 7445:, p. 221. 7426: 7409: 7405:Tregellas 2008 7394: 7377: 7362: 7350: 7321: 7292: 7280: 7248: 7218: 7189: 7187:, p. 253. 7174: 7172:, p. 355. 7159: 7111: 7096: 7089: 7069: 7067:, p. 645. 7052: 7034: 7022: 7010: 7008:, p. 195. 6998: 6996:, p. 481. 6986: 6970:Flag Institute 6954: 6947:, March 2004, 6927: 6914: 6902: 6890: 6878: 6866: 6864:, p. 142. 6851: 6849: 6848: 6834: 6832:, p. 231. 6817: 6815:, p. 228. 6800: 6778: 6776:, p. 229. 6763: 6746: 6712: 6710:, p. 143. 6700: 6675: 6643: 6631: 6629:, p. 168. 6619: 6617:, p. 151. 6607: 6605:, p. 181. 6592: 6590:, p. 486. 6577: 6575:, p. 644. 6562: 6534: 6513: 6498: 6464: 6462:, p. 345. 6452: 6450:, p. 343. 6435: 6433:, p. 151. 6423: 6406: 6404:, p. 113. 6389: 6387:, p. 230. 6372: 6360: 6358:, p. 122. 6345: 6343:, p. 226. 6330: 6328:, p. 225. 6318: 6316:, p. 114. 6306: 6289: 6270: 6261: 6230: 6218: 6189: 6174: 6162: 6160:, p. 464. 6150: 6148:, p. 214. 6138: 6118: 6111: 6089:Payton, Philip 6080: 6068: 6027: 6007: 5992: 5990:, p. 337. 5980: 5968: 5953: 5917: 5882: 5870: 5868:, p. 161. 5858: 5837: 5825: 5813: 5801: 5789: 5777:Schiffels, S. 5770: 5758:Barry Cunliffe 5746: 5740:10.1101/135962 5725: 5696: 5678: 5653: 5626: 5614: 5602: 5577: 5566:. CornwallLive 5554: 5532: 5508: 5486: 5468: 5438: 5416: 5394: 5371: 5344: 5302: 5287: 5265: 5258: 5240: 5218: 5195: 5193:, p. 160. 5183: 5181:, p. 270. 5171: 5148: 5122: 5120:, p. 381. 5107: 5072: 5050: 5031: 5001: 4979: 4967: 4938: 4929: 4908: 4906:, p. 160. 4887: 4854: 4841: 4794: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4726: 4716:kor'nish, adj. 4707:, p. 108: 4705:Macdonald 1969 4697: 4695:, p. 482. 4672: 4650: 4629: 4596: 4551: 4516: 4487: 4447: 4407: 4395: 4367: 4335: 4307: 4292: 4271: 4244: 4219: 4196: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4132: 4129: 3971:Royal Charters 3877:Main article: 3874: 3871: 3786:Main article: 3783: 3780: 3730: 3727: 3723:Anglo-Catholic 3695:Cornish saints 3632: 3629: 3601:St Ives School 3528:Celtic crosses 3498: 3495: 3398:Early medieval 3381:Main article: 3378: 3375: 3313:Middle Cornish 3268:language shift 3260:Welsh language 3250:branch of the 3237:United Kingdom 3178: 3175: 3163:St Piran's Day 3103:rugby football 3095:Cornish engine 3081:, despite its 3049: 3046: 2998:Main article: 2995: 2992: 2965: 2962: 2875: 2872: 2839: 2836: 2780:Cornish mining 2745: 2742: 2693:British Malaya 2638:Main article: 2635: 2632: 2611:Celtic nations 2603:Gorseth Kernow 2560:Middle Cornish 2532:Celtic Revival 2473:Merthyr Tydfil 2432:Celtic Revival 2410:Celtic Revival 2405: 2402: 2390:William Scawen 2292:Middle English 2282:experienced a 2261:Michael An Gof 2257:Thomas Flamank 2237:Perkin Warbeck 2095: 2092: 1853:is an ancient 1823: 1820: 1815:Main article: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1760: 1757: 1712: 1709: 1668:Morgan Stanley 1610:Northern Irish 1598:European Union 1583:North Cornwall 1581:6.3 per cent, 1577:6.6 per cent, 1503: 1502:Classification 1500: 1471:Celtic revival 1364:Celtic Britons 1362:, the ancient 1341:Roman conquest 1335:who inhabited 1321:United Kingdom 1289:Cornish people 1283: 1282: 1280: 1279: 1272: 1265: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1214: 1207: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1174: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1055: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1023: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1002: 1000:Music of Wales 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 946: 939: 938: 937: 934: 933: 930: 929: 927:British comics 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 898: 892: 891: 890: 887: 886: 883: 882: 877: 872: 867: 861: 855: 854: 853: 850: 849: 846: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 809: 803: 802: 801: 798: 797: 794: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 711:New Year's Day 707: 701: 700: 699: 696: 695: 692: 691: 686: 684:Northern Irish 681: 676: 671: 666: 660: 654: 653: 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 639: 634: 629: 623: 613: 612: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 577: 576: 566: 565: 564: 559: 554: 549: 538: 532: 531: 530: 527: 526: 523: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 464: 463: 458: 453: 452: 451: 446: 444:Northern Irish 441: 436: 431: 421: 416: 407: 401: 400: 399: 396: 395: 392: 391: 390: 389: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 358: 357: 355:British Empire 347: 346: 345: 343:Regency period 340: 329: 323: 322: 321: 318: 317: 309: 308: 300: 299: 287: 286: 275: 274: 255:English people 249: 246: 245: 241: 240: 234: 231: 230: 226: 225: 196: 193: 192: 188: 187: 185: 181: 180: 178: 174: 173: 171: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 147: 143: 142: 136: 135: 118:United Kingdom 113: 112: 108: 107: 105: 104: 98: 91: 88: 85: 78: 74: 67: 66: 54:Cornish people 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11238: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11213: 11211: 11204: 11199: 11189: 11188: 11185: 11171: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11161: 11158: 11148: 11147:– in Portugal 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11127:– in Galician 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11104: 11101: 11094: 11090: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11028: 11022: 11019: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10986: 10982: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10945: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10858: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10834: 10830: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10810: 10808: 10806: 10802: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10782: 10780: 10778: 10774: 10770: 10765: 10761: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10725:Celtic League 10723: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10717:Pan-Celticism 10714: 10708: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10679: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10657: 10653: 10645: 10642: 10641: 10640: 10637: 10633: 10630: 10629: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10606: 10603: 10602: 10601: 10598: 10594: 10593:reunification 10591: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10578: 10574: 10567: 10563: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10508: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10483: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10466: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10450: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10412: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10381: 10378: 10377: 10376: 10373: 10372: 10370: 10368: 10364: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10325: 10323: 10319: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10274: 10272: 10270: 10266: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10251: 10249: 10245: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10220: 10218: 10214: 10208: 10207:Triple spiral 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10151: 10148: 10147: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10137: 10135: 10133: 10129: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10094: 10092: 10088: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10026:Bardic Poetry 10024: 10022: 10019: 10018: 10016: 10014: 10010: 10006: 9999: 9995: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9963: 9961: 9957: 9949: 9944: 9941: 9937: 9932: 9929: 9925: 9920: 9917: 9913: 9908: 9905: 9901: 9896: 9893: 9889: 9884: 9881: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9874:Celtic League 9871: 9868: 9866: 9862: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9845: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9832: 9829: 9828: 9827: 9824: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9814:Celtic League 9812: 9810: 9807: 9806: 9805: 9804:Pan-Celticism 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9791: 9788: 9784: 9779: 9775: 9765: 9762: 9759: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9704:Gaelicisation 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9679:Celticisation 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9645: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9604: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9544: 9542: 9538: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9494: 9493: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9483: 9482:Iron Age Gaul 9480: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9465:Roman Britain 9462: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9425: 9421: 9416: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9321:Irish Mexican 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9247: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9216: 9206: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9188: 9184: 9183: 9182: 9179: 9178: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9150: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9075: 9071: 9067: 9062: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9046: 9045:Celtic tribes 9042: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9025: 9021: 9017: 9010: 9005: 9003: 8998: 8996: 8991: 8990: 8987: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8949:Spanish Brits 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8889: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8874:Gibraltarians 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8818: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8793: 8790: 8786: 8779: 8774: 8772: 8767: 8765: 8760: 8759: 8756: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8727: 8722: 8721: 8711: 8705: 8701: 8696: 8693: 8687: 8683: 8678: 8675: 8669: 8665: 8660: 8657: 8651: 8647: 8642: 8639: 8634: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8616: 8613: 8607: 8603: 8602: 8596: 8593: 8587: 8583: 8578: 8575: 8569: 8565: 8564: 8558: 8555: 8549: 8545: 8540: 8537: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8485: 8479: 8475: 8474: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8456: 8453: 8447: 8443: 8442: 8436: 8433: 8427: 8423: 8418: 8415: 8413:0-906720-50-8 8409: 8405: 8400: 8397: 8391: 8387: 8382: 8379: 8373: 8369: 8364: 8361: 8355: 8351: 8346: 8343: 8337: 8333: 8328: 8325: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8307: 8304: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8283: 8277: 8273: 8268: 8265: 8259: 8255: 8250: 8247: 8241: 8238:, MSU Press, 8237: 8232: 8229: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8208: 8202: 8198: 8193: 8190: 8188:0-550-10605-7 8184: 8180: 8179: 8173: 8170: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8149: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8131: 8128:, W. Penaluna 8127: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8112: 8106: 8102: 8097: 8094: 8088: 8084: 8079: 8076: 8070: 8067:, Routledge, 8066: 8061: 8058: 8052: 8048: 8043: 8040: 8034: 8031:, Routledge, 8030: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8004: 7998: 7994: 7989: 7986: 7980: 7975: 7974: 7967: 7964: 7958: 7954: 7949: 7946: 7940: 7936: 7931: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7879: 7876: 7874:0-521-89361-5 7870: 7866: 7861: 7858: 7852: 7849:, Routledge, 7848: 7843: 7840: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7821: 7820: 7806: 7802: 7796: 7788: 7782: 7774: 7768: 7761:. 2 May 2013. 7760: 7756: 7750: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7728: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7706: 7692:, 4 June 2009 7691: 7687: 7681: 7666: 7662: 7661:Mebyon Kernow 7658: 7652: 7645: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7624: 7619: 7617: 7610:, p. 25. 7609: 7608:Tregidga 2000 7604: 7598:, p. 30. 7597: 7596:Tregidga 2000 7592: 7585: 7584:Tregidga 2000 7580: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7554: 7550: 7544: 7542: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7477: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7454: 7452: 7444: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7424:, p. 10. 7423: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7407:, p. 16. 7406: 7401: 7399: 7391: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7374: 7369: 7367: 7360:, p. 17. 7359: 7358:Tregidga 2000 7354: 7339: 7335: 7331: 7325: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7289: 7284: 7268: 7264: 7263: 7258: 7252: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7222: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7186: 7181: 7179: 7171: 7166: 7164: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7133:(81): 55–66. 7132: 7125: 7121: 7115: 7108: 7103: 7101: 7092: 7086: 7082: 7081: 7073: 7066: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7049:, 19 May 2008 7048: 7044: 7038: 7031: 7026: 7019: 7014: 7007: 7002: 6995: 6990: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6961: 6959: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6924: 6918: 6911: 6906: 6900:, p. 480 6899: 6894: 6888:, p. 44. 6887: 6886:Magnaghi 2008 6882: 6875: 6874:Magnaghi 2008 6870: 6863: 6858: 6856: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6831: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6814: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6782: 6775: 6770: 6768: 6760: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6735: 6732:, p. 3, 6731: 6727: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6709: 6704: 6696: 6692: 6691: 6690:New Statesman 6686: 6679: 6664: 6660: 6659:Mebyon Kernow 6656: 6650: 6648: 6640: 6635: 6628: 6623: 6616: 6611: 6604: 6603:Pittaway 2003 6599: 6597: 6589: 6584: 6582: 6574: 6569: 6567: 6558: 6554: 6553: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6531: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6510: 6505: 6503: 6487: 6483: 6482: 6477: 6471: 6469: 6461: 6456: 6449: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6432: 6431:Pittaway 2003 6427: 6421:, p. 64. 6420: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6403: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6386: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6370:, p. 26. 6369: 6364: 6357: 6352: 6350: 6342: 6337: 6335: 6327: 6322: 6315: 6310: 6303: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6286: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6265: 6250: 6246: 6245: 6240: 6234: 6227: 6222: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6186: 6181: 6179: 6172:, p. 16. 6171: 6166: 6159: 6154: 6147: 6142: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6122: 6114: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6084: 6077: 6072: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6050:(36): 42–78. 6049: 6045: 6038: 6031: 6023: 6022: 6017: 6011: 6004: 5999: 5997: 5989: 5984: 5977: 5972: 5966:, p. 157 5965: 5960: 5958: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5879: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5841: 5834: 5833:Cunliffe 2005 5829: 5822: 5817: 5811: 5805: 5799: 5793: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5774: 5767: 5766:0-7134-8839-5 5763: 5759: 5755: 5750: 5741: 5736: 5729: 5721: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5660: 5658: 5638: 5637: 5630: 5623: 5618: 5611: 5606: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5582: 5565: 5558: 5542: 5536: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5512: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5482: 5478: 5472: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5348: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5313: 5306: 5298: 5291: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5261: 5259:1-85359-660-4 5255: 5251: 5244: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5222: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5199: 5192: 5187: 5180: 5175: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5152: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5129: 5127: 5119: 5114: 5112: 5103: 5099: 5098: 5093: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5047: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4977:, p. 54. 4976: 4971: 4965:, p. 360 4964: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4933: 4926: 4925:Magnaghi 2008 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4905: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4859: 4851: 4848:Ian Saltern, 4845: 4839:, p. 379 4838: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4746: 4742: 4741: 4736: 4730: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4706: 4701: 4694: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4633: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4592: 4586: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4555: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4520: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4476: 4472: 4471: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4436: 4432: 4431: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4402: 4400: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4371: 4355: 4351: 4350: 4342: 4340: 4320: 4314: 4312: 4304: 4299: 4297: 4288: 4281: 4275: 4259: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4232: 4226: 4224: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4178: 4174: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4135: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4073:, behind the 4072: 4068: 4065:, and in the 4064: 4059: 4055: 4054:Mebyon Kernow 4051: 4047: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3994:Liberal Party 3990: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3940:head of state 3937: 3933: 3929: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3745:Cornish pasty 3741: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3707:anglicisation 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3625:Patrick Heron 3622: 3618: 3614: 3613:Ben Nicholson 3610: 3609:Alfred Wallis 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3593:Bernard Leach 3591: 3587: 3586: 3581: 3580:Newlyn School 3577: 3576:Frank Bramley 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3552:natural light 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3536:Royal Academy 3533: 3529: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3504: 3503:Cornish dance 3494: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3467:in Cornwall. 3466: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3417: 3411: 3407: 3406:national myth 3403: 3399: 3394: 3390: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3359:Academy Award 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3238: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3189:Anglo-Cornish 3184: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3117:Cornwall has 3115: 3113: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3091:Victorian era 3088: 3084: 3083:anglicisation 3080: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2994:United States 2991: 2989: 2985: 2984:Witwatersrand 2981: 2977: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2930:silver mining 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2890:silver mining 2886: 2881: 2880:White Mexican 2871: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2741: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2631: 2629: 2626:with its own 2625: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607:Mebyon Kernow 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587:Pan-Celticism 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2488:Edwardian era 2485: 2484:Victorian era 2481: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2448:steam engines 2445: 2441: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2411: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2394:enculturation 2391: 2387: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2364:of Brittany. 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2310:landed gentry 2307: 2306: 2305:lingua franca 2301: 2297: 2296:Andrew Boorde 2293: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2172: 2171:Domesday Book 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1974:petty kingdom 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1894: 1893: 1887: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1876:Beaker People 1873: 1868: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1829: 1818: 1805: 1801: 1800:White Cornish 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1701:David Cameron 1697: 1694: 1689: 1686: 1681: 1678: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1653:Josh Matavesi 1650: 1646: 1643:prop for the 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1551:Anglicisation 1548: 1544: 1540: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1499: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463:Anglo-Cornish 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1435:anglicisation 1432: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1380:Celtic tribes 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1337:Great Britain 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1123: 1122: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1052: 1046: 1045: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 947: 942: 936: 935: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 899: 895: 889: 888: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 862: 858: 852: 851: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 810: 806: 800: 799: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 761:Christmas Day 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 726:Easter Monday 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 704: 698: 697: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 661: 657: 651: 650: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 624: 620: 616: 610: 609: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 575: 572: 571: 570: 567: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 544: 543: 540: 539: 535: 529: 528: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 505:British Mixed 503: 501: 500:British Arabs 498: 496: 493: 491: 490:Black British 488: 486: 485:Asian British 483: 481: 480:White British 478: 476: 475: 471: 470: 469: 468: 462: 459: 457: 454: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 426: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 411: 410: 404: 398: 397: 388: 385: 384: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 356: 353: 352: 351: 348: 344: 341: 339: 336: 335: 334: 331: 330: 326: 320: 319: 315: 311: 310: 306: 302: 301: 297: 293: 292: 285: 281: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 247: 242: 238: 232: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 202:Anglo-Cornish 199: 194: 189: 186: 182: 179: 175: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 146:United States 144: 141: 137: 133: 127: 123: 119: 114: 109: 103: 99: 96: 92: 89: 86: 83: 79: 76: 75: 72: 68: 63: 59: 46: 42: 35: 30: 19: 11203: 11164:Celts portal 11122:– in Spanish 10957:Arran Gaelic 10878:Proto-Celtic 10846:Bungi Creole 10745:Celtic unity 10681:Independence 10480: 10463: 10287:Gaelic music 10223:Celtic Dress 10172:High crosses 10162:Celtic cross 10140:Bell shrines 10071:Irish annals 9853:Neo-Druidism 9848:Celtic Wicca 9819:Celtic union 9783:Modern Celts 9674:Celtic women 9577:Celtic Rites 9526:Transylvania 9386:Ulster Scots 9256:Anglo-Celtic 9165: 9103:Celtiberians 9048: 9040: 9032: 9020:modern Celts 8969:Ulster Scots 8858: 8724: 8699: 8681: 8663: 8645: 8637: 8622: 8600: 8581: 8562: 8543: 8525: 8522:Sykes, Bryan 8498: 8494: 8491:Stoyle, Mark 8472: 8462: 8440: 8421: 8403: 8385: 8367: 8349: 8331: 8313: 8292: 8271: 8253: 8235: 8217: 8196: 8177: 8158: 8137: 8125: 8122:Drew, Samuel 8100: 8082: 8064: 8046: 8028: 8015: 7992: 7972: 7952: 7934: 7890: 7886: 7864: 7846: 7829:Rough Guides 7824: 7804: 7795: 7781: 7767: 7758: 7749: 7736: 7727: 7714: 7705: 7694:, retrieved 7689: 7680: 7669:, retrieved 7660: 7651: 7644:Minahan 2002 7603: 7591: 7586:, p. 9. 7579: 7568:the original 7559: 7529:, retrieved 7520: 7494:, retrieved 7485: 7476: 7468:the original 7463: 7392:, p. 8. 7375:, p. 6. 7353: 7342:, retrieved 7338:the original 7333: 7324: 7313:, retrieved 7309:the original 7304: 7295: 7283: 7273:10 September 7271:, retrieved 7267:the original 7260: 7257:"Opie, John" 7251: 7242:10 September 7240:, retrieved 7236:the original 7231: 7221: 7212:10 September 7210:, retrieved 7201: 7192: 7151:the original 7130: 7114: 7109:, p. 1. 7079: 7072: 7046: 7037: 7025: 7013: 7006:Hechter 1999 7001: 6994:Minahan 2002 6989: 6978:, retrieved 6969: 6944: 6923:Our Cornwall 6922: 6917: 6910:Minahan 2002 6905: 6898:Minahan 2002 6893: 6881: 6876:, p. 1. 6869: 6844: 6837: 6790: 6781: 6759:Hempton 2006 6738:, retrieved 6729: 6703: 6688: 6678: 6667:, retrieved 6658: 6634: 6622: 6610: 6588:Minahan 2002 6557:the original 6551: 6530:Minahan 2000 6490:, retrieved 6486:the original 6479: 6460:MacLeod 2007 6455: 6448:MacLeod 2007 6426: 6419:Hechter 1999 6368:Zagorín 1982 6363: 6356:Pittock 1999 6321: 6309: 6264: 6253:, retrieved 6249:the original 6242: 6233: 6226:Daniell 1880 6221: 6208: 6187:, p. 6. 6170:Daniell 1880 6165: 6153: 6141: 6131: 6121: 6098: 6083: 6071: 6060:the original 6047: 6043: 6030: 6019: 6010: 6005:, p. 3. 5988:Stenton 1947 5983: 5971: 5943: 5907: 5880:, p. 2. 5873: 5861: 5853:the original 5847: 5840: 5828: 5816: 5804: 5792: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5760:. Batsford. 5753: 5749: 5728: 5714: 5710:Stoyle, Mark 5691: 5681: 5668: 5644:. Retrieved 5635: 5629: 5621: 5617: 5609: 5605: 5592: 5568:. Retrieved 5557: 5545:. Retrieved 5535: 5520: 5511: 5498: 5489: 5481:the original 5471: 5459:. Retrieved 5455:the original 5450: 5441: 5428: 5419: 5406: 5397: 5389:the original 5384: 5374: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5322: 5318: 5305: 5296: 5290: 5277: 5268: 5249: 5243: 5235:the original 5230: 5221: 5213:the original 5208: 5198: 5186: 5174: 5161: 5151: 5138: 5118:Magocsi 1999 5096: 5092:Stoyle, Mark 5067:the original 5062: 5053: 5021: 4991: 4982: 4970: 4932: 4878:. Retrieved 4869: 4849: 4844: 4837:Magocsi 1999 4784: 4755: 4752: 4751: 4739: 4729: 4720:Cornwall.—n. 4719: 4715: 4711: 4710: 4700: 4693:Minahan 2002 4667:the original 4662: 4653: 4645:the original 4639: 4632: 4619: 4573:. Retrieved 4564: 4554: 4542:. Retrieved 4538:the original 4533: 4529: 4519: 4508:the original 4503: 4490: 4479:, retrieved 4469: 4439:, retrieved 4429: 4379: 4370: 4360:30 September 4358:. Retrieved 4348: 4326:. Retrieved 4302: 4286: 4274: 4262:. Retrieved 4235:. Retrieved 4214:the original 4209: 4199: 4191:the original 4186: 4177: 4125: 4121: 4111: 4107: 4095:deliberative 4083:Independents 3998:Labour Party 3991: 3952: 3925: 3889:Duchy Palace 3888: 3860: 3842: 3802: 3768:Stargazy pie 3749: 3679:Saint Petroc 3644: 3585:en plein air 3583: 3582:of painting 3562:, including 3526: 3487:supernatural 3469: 3449: 3396: 3351:Jim Harrison 3346: 3345: 3330: 3300: 3297:Henry Jenner 3294: 3241: 3207:welcome sign 3127:Ancient Rome 3116: 3112:Our Cornwall 3111: 3072: 3039: 3030:Grass Valley 3003: 2973: 2964:South Africa 2946:yellow fever 2903: 2850:Newfoundland 2847: 2816:Irish people 2797: 2789:Copper Coast 2772: 2721: 2682: 2659: 2564: 2543: 2540:Henry Jenner 2524: 2504:resort towns 2477: 2437: 2414:Home Nations 2398:assimilation 2386:antiquarians 2366: 2344:against the 2314:coat of arms 2303: 2289: 2269:West Country 2224:Tudor period 2184: 2169: 2166:Anglo-Norman 2146:antiquarians 2119: 2058: 2054: 2048: 1997:Sack of Rome 1994: 1898: 1890: 1867:Anglo-Saxons 1860: 1803: 1799: 1762: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1729: 1719:A poster in 1698: 1690: 1682: 1676: 1662:A survey by 1661: 1637:Phil Vickery 1630: 1591: 1535: 1484: 1425: 1421:Anglo-Saxons 1357: 1313:ethnic group 1292: 1288: 1286: 1209: 1202: 1183:Coat of arms 1148: 1114:Gaelic games 1104:Rugby league 870:Scottish art 813:Christianity 736:Victoria Day 574:Ulster Scots 495:British Jews 472: 466: 465: 448: 408: 271:Welsh people 259:Irish people 237:Christianity 222:British Sign 217: 209: 184:South Africa 139: 134:) 467 (2011) 71:6–11 million 70: 50:Ethnic group 29: 11079:Trimarcisia 11064:Gallóglaigh 10893:Celtiberian 10617:Isle of Man 10576:Nationalism 10465:Bataireacht 10384:Calan Gaeaf 10343:Isle of Man 10187:Leaf-crowns 10177:Insular art 10150:Dragonesque 10112:Isle of Man 9966:Nova Scotia 9919:Isle of Man 9843:Neopaganism 9587:Monasticism 9098:Caledonians 8944:Shetlanders 8939:Scots Gaels 8884:Hongkongers 8879:Guernésiais 8824:Anglo-Irish 8796:Anglosphere 8441:The Britons 8155:Jupp, James 7696:2 September 7671:2 September 7531:4 September 7496:2 September 7443:Harvey 2002 7315:31 December 7185:Steves 2007 7170:Thomas 2005 7018:Tanner 2006 6980:2 September 6669:2 September 6509:Cubitt 1998 6492:1 September 6385:Tanner 2006 6341:Tanner 2006 6326:Tanner 2006 6285:Cooper 2003 6076:Thomas 2005 6024:, July 2008 6003:Thomas 2005 5964:Snyder 2003 5866:Snyder 2003 5821:Snyder 2003 5570:20 December 5547:20 December 5191:Irvine 2003 5179:Thomas 2005 4975:Payton 1999 4904:Snyder 2003 4544:16 February 4264:20 December 4237:20 December 4103:council tax 4099:legislative 4002:regionalism 3967:Westminster 3904: 1265 3893:Lostwithiel 3838:Alan Gibson 3829:rugby union 3776:saffron bun 3711:John Wesley 3703:Anglicanism 3667:Priscillian 3615:, his wife 3410:King Arthur 3282:monolingual 3155:county flag 3139:Perranporth 3123:Saint Piran 3107:brass bands 2916:with 1,500 2912:in central 2859:the Canadas 2674:plantations 2548:orthography 2482:during the 2158:sovereignty 2067:River Tamar 1899:Throughout 1732:2011 census 1725:2011 census 1641:rugby union 1555:A. L. Rowse 1441:during the 1413:Old English 1358:Throughout 1309:Cornƿīelisċ 1305:Old English 1099:Rugby union 865:English art 818:No religion 746:The Twelfth 721:Good Friday 596:Angloromani 520:Other White 263:Manx people 177:New Zealand 11210:Categories 11142:– in Italy 11044:Ceathairne 10908:Gallaecian 10538:Road bowls 10443:Eisteddfod 10411:Calan Awst 10407:Lughnasadh 10013:Literature 9876:definition 9699:Clan chief 9486:Roman Gaul 9477:Hen Ogledd 9203:including 9185:including 8849:Caymanians 8839:Bermudians 8829:Anguillans 7422:Clegg 2005 7120:Hay, Denys 7030:Ellis 1974 6639:Ellis 1974 6627:Ellis 1974 6615:Ellis 1974 6402:Price 2000 5976:Smyth 1998 5141:. London. 5024:, London, 4164:References 4022:separatism 4014:devolution 3819:, and the 3691:high cross 3635:See also: 3599:, and the 3590:ceramicist 3554:, such as 3544:Caravaggio 3387:See also: 3187:See also: 3026:California 2968:See also: 2926:short tons 2892:museum in 2878:See also: 2863:Royal Navy 2842:See also: 2763:Waukaringa 2748:See also: 2737:Protestant 2619:devolution 2475:in Wales. 2469:Penydarren 2428:pan-Celtic 2408:See also: 2388:, such as 2253:St Keverne 1872:Bronze Age 1851:Mên-an-Tol 1836:See also: 1602:devolution 1506:See also: 1392:post-Roman 1229:Tudor rose 1156:Stonehenge 1109:Ice hockey 1032:Television 894:Literature 766:Boxing Day 73:worldwide 18:Cornishmen 11074:Redshanks 11049:Ceithearn 10777:Brittonic 10769:Languages 10402:Calan Mai 10393:Gŵyl Fair 10367:Festivals 10182:Interlace 9606:Mythology 9597:Practices 9509:Gallaecia 9123:Galatians 8919:Orcadians 8515:162279176 7147:257295999 6830:Jupp 2001 6813:Jupp 2001 6774:Jupp 2001 6314:Wood 2007 6185:Orme 2000 6091:(2017). " 5878:Orme 2000 5646:6 January 5339:155290393 4756:adjective 4328:6 January 4169:Citations 3848:grappling 3772:pilchards 3764:pilchards 3715:Methodism 3683:Glywysing 3655:animistic 3621:Naum Gabo 3548:Velázquez 3542:as "like 3532:John Opie 3456:smugglers 3371:Brad Pitt 3365:starring 3290:Mousehole 3248:Brythonic 3217:languages 3131:Irish Sea 3018:Ishpeming 2922:long tons 2812:Methodism 2773:From the 2744:Australia 2733:Methodism 2678:Caribbean 2536:ethnology 2508:bungalows 2377:Royalists 2152:had held 2059:Cornwalas 2055:Westwalas 1941:Deceangli 1929:Ordovices 1925:Brigantes 1633:political 1579:Restormel 1439:attrition 1428:Brythonic 1378:were the 1311:) are an 1301:Kernowyon 1211:In Defens 1198:Britannia 1127:Monuments 880:Irish art 875:Welsh art 703:Festivals 615:Mythology 534:Languages 191:Languages 157:1,000,000 154:Australia 58:Kernowyon 11198:Cornwall 11059:Gaesatae 10950:dialects 10913:Lepontic 10903:Galatian 10805:Goidelic 10655:Autonomy 10570:Politics 10523:Rounders 10375:Calendar 10348:Scotland 10333:Cornwall 10328:Brittany 10216:Clothing 10167:Knotwork 10145:Brooches 10117:Scotland 10102:Cornwall 10097:Brittany 9976:Y Wladfa 9931:Scotland 9895:Cornwall 9883:Brittany 9734:Seanchaí 9729:Tanistry 9689:Derbfine 9618:Scottish 9504:Brittany 9500:Domnonée 9496:Armorica 9491:Britonia 9473:Dumnonia 9448:Dálriata 9133:Lepontii 9128:Helvetii 9113:Gallaeci 8894:Jersiais 8621:(2008), 8524:(2006), 8461:(1947), 8312:(1999), 8291:(2000), 8216:(1999), 8157:(2001), 8140:, Hart, 8136:(2003), 8124:(1824), 8027:(1974), 7741:archived 7737:BBC News 7719:archived 7665:archived 7525:archived 7521:BBC News 7490:archived 7344:1 August 7206:archived 7122:(1958). 7047:BBC News 6974:archived 6949:archived 6945:BBC News 6841:Source: 6795:archived 6734:archived 6730:BBC News 6695:archived 6663:archived 6213:archived 6129:(1769). 5948:archived 5912:archived 5720:archived 5673:BBC Four 5665:Dan Snow 5597:Archived 5593:BBC News 5527:Archived 5503:Archived 5461:20 April 5433:Archived 5429:BBC News 5411:Archived 5407:BBC News 5282:Archived 5278:BBC News 5166:Archived 5143:Archived 5102:archived 5026:archived 4996:archived 4992:BBC News 4880:20 April 4874:Archived 4789:Archived 4753:Cor⋅nish 4745:archived 4737:(2004), 4624:archived 4620:BBC News 4585:cite web 4575:28 April 4569:Archived 4475:archived 4435:archived 4390:archived 4388:, 2016, 4354:Archived 4131:See also 4039:devolved 3979:Edward I 3942:and the 3906:to 1874. 3631:Religion 3564:Whistler 3491:cave-ins 3479:knockers 3361:winning 3275:and the 3211:Penzance 3177:Language 3006:lead ore 2942:Santa Fe 2938:Veracruz 2924:; 1,700 2906:Falmouth 2832:Wallaroo 2717:Teesside 2617:. Since 2581:and the 2330:Anglican 2154:devolved 2045:Germanic 2037:Scotland 1978:Brittany 1953:Dumnonia 1949:Cornovii 1945:Dumnonii 1939:and the 1721:Cornwall 1677:national 1443:medieval 1384:Iron Age 1376:Cornovii 1372:Dumnonii 1317:Cornwall 1193:Monarchy 838:Buddhism 828:Hinduism 805:Religion 716:Hogmanay 669:Scottish 632:Scotland 619:folklore 552:Scotland 434:Scottish 419:Germanic 296:a series 294:Part of 229:Religion 132:Scotland 11112:Deities 11069:Hobelar 11031:Warfare 10994:Warfare 10928:Pictish 10923:Cumbric 10898:Gaulish 10870:Extinct 10790:Cornish 10588:history 10533:Hurling 10507:Ladies' 10498:Curling 10471:Camogie 10398:Beltane 10380:Samhain 10338:Ireland 10107:Ireland 10002:Culture 9971:England 9907:Ireland 9865:Nations 9764:Coinage 9754:Warfare 9647:Society 9638:Cornish 9628:British 9531:Galatia 9521:Balkans 9429:Studies 9166:Cornish 9161:Bretons 9138:Noricum 9093:Britons 9066:Peoples 8864:English 8859:Cornish 8013:(ed.), 7927:4080467 7895:Bibcode 7816:Sources 5781:(2016) 5735:bioRxiv 4740:Cornish 4712:Cornish 4289:. 2010. 4112:In the 3946:is the 3867:Newquay 3862:Surfing 3729:Cuisine 3597:St Ives 3568:Sickert 3521:Padstow 3483:piskies 3452:pirates 3440:Trojans 3215:Cornish 3133:by the 3048:Culture 2920:(1,500 2804:Kapunda 2697:Bolivia 2676:of the 2467:of the 2465:tramway 2362:Bretons 2320:, King 2176:charter 2130:Normans 1937:Silures 1933:Demetae 1917:Britons 1811:History 1606:English 1587:Caradon 1575:Carrick 1571:Kerrier 1567:Penwith 1530:Cornish 1396:demonym 1349:British 1345:English 1329:Bretons 1297:Cornish 1293:Cornish 1224:Thistle 1170:Symbols 833:Judaism 756:Samhain 731:May Day 679:Cornish 664:English 656:Cuisine 627:England 591:Cornish 562:Ireland 547:England 542:English 449:Cornish 429:English 424:British 325:History 251:Bretons 235:Mainly 214:Cornish 208:) 198:English 122:England 11184:Portal 11107:Tribes 11054:Fianna 10841:Shelta 10785:Breton 10605:status 10543:Shinty 10518:Gouren 10482:Cnapan 10476:Cammag 10389:Imbolc 10312:Carnyx 10238:Tartan 10157:Carnyx 9924:Mannin 9900:Kernow 9888:Breizh 9758:Gaelic 9714:Fáinne 9659:Brehon 9633:Breton 9582:Druids 9436:Places 9143:Volcae 9088:Belgae 9049:· 9047: 9041:· 9039: 9033:· 9031: 8706: 8688: 8670: 8652: 8629: 8608: 8588: 8570: 8550: 8532: 8513: 8480: 8448: 8428: 8410: 8392: 8374: 8356: 8338: 8320: 8299: 8278: 8260: 8242: 8224: 8203: 8185: 8165: 8144: 8107: 8089: 8071: 8053: 8035: 7999: 7981: 7959: 7941: 7925: 7915: 7887:Nature 7871: 7853: 7835: 7562:(22), 7145: 7087: 6740:5 July 6255:3 July 6109: 5779:et al. 5764: 5737: 5337: 5256: 4852:, 2011 4481:1 July 4441:1 July 4097:, and 4028:, the 3963:equity 3687:Gaelic 3659:Druids 3475:buccas 3428:. 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