3680:. Philoxenus proceeded to examine the slave, "until he learned everything about such as had allowed themselves to accept a bribe from Harpalus." He then sent a dispatch to Athens, in which he gave a list of the persons who had taken a bribe from Harpalus. "Demosthenes, however, he never mentioned at all, although Alexander held him in bitter hatred, and he himself had a private quarrel with him." On the other hand, Plutarch believes that Harpalus sent Demosthenes a cup with twenty talents and that "Demosthenes could not resist the temptation, but admitting the present, ... he surrendered himself up to the interest of Harpalus." Tsatsos defends Demosthenes's innocence, but Irkos Apostolidis underlines the problematic character of the primary sources on this issue—Hypereides and Dinarchus were at the time Demosthenes's political opponents and accusers—and states that, despite the rich bibliography on Harpalus's case, modern scholarship has not yet managed to reach a safe conclusion on whether Demosthenes was bribed or not.
1707:, concludes that Demosthenes was a better orator and political operator than strategist. Nevertheless, the same scholar underscores that "pragmatists" like Aeschines or Phocion had no inspiring vision to rival that of Demosthenes. The orator asked the Athenians to choose that which is just and honourable, before their own safety and preservation. The people preferred Demosthenes' activism and even the bitter defeat at Chaeronea was regarded as a price worth paying in the attempt to retain freedom and influence. According to Professor of Greek Arthur Wallace Pickarde, success may be a poor criterion for judging the actions of people like Demosthenes, who were motivated by the ideals of democracy political liberty. Athens was asked by Philip to sacrifice its freedom and its democracy, while Demosthenes longed for the city's brilliance. He endeavoured to revive its imperilled values and, thus, he became an "educator of the people" (in the words of
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555:
3537:"Theorika" were allowances paid by the state to poor Athenians to enable them to watch dramatic festivals. According to Libanius, Eubulus passed a law making it difficult to divert public funds, including "theorika," for minor military operations. E. M. Burke argues that, if this was indeed a law of Eubulus, it would have served "as a means to check a too-aggressive and expensive interventionism allowing for the controlled expenditures on other items, including construction for defense". Thus Burke believes that in the Eubulan period, the Theoric Fund was used not only as allowances for public entertainment but also for a variety of projects, including public works. As Burke also points out, in his later and more "mature" political career, Demosthenes no longer criticised "theorika"; in fact, in his
1848:
682:. Logographers were a unique aspect of the Athenian justice system: evidence for a case was compiled by a magistrate in a preliminary hearing and litigants could present it as they pleased within set speeches; however, witnesses and documents were popularly mistrusted (since they could be secured by force or bribery), there was little cross-examination during the trial, there were no instructions to the jury from a judge, no conferencing between jurists before voting, the juries were huge (typically between 201 and 501 members), cases depended largely on questions of probable motive, and notions of natural justice were felt to take precedence over written law—conditions that favoured artfully constructed speeches.
1815:. When presenting himself to the Assembly, he had to depict himself as a credible and wise statesman and adviser to be persuasive. One tactic that Demosthenes used during his philippics was foresight. He pleaded with his audience to predict the potential of being defeated, and to prepare. He appealed to pathos through patriotism and introducing the atrocities that would befall Athens if it was taken over by Philip. He was a master at "self-fashioning" by referring to his previous accomplishments, and renewing his credibility. He would also slyly undermine his audience by claiming that they had been wrong not to listen before, but they could redeem themselves if they listened and acted with him presently.
1683:"Two characteristics, men of Athens, a citizen of a respectable character...must be able to show: when he enjoys authority, he must maintain to the end the policy whose aims are noble action and the pre-eminence of his country: and at all times and in every phase of fortune he must remain loyal. For this depends upon his own nature; while his power and his influence are determined by external causes. And in me, you will find, this loyalty has persisted unalloyed...For from the very first, I chose the straight and honest path in public life: I chose to foster the honour, the supremacy, the good name of my country, to seek to enhance them, and to stand or fall with them."
1677:, was highly critical of Demosthenes' policies. Polybius accused him of having launched unjustified verbal attacks on great men of other cities, branding them unjustly as traitors to the Greeks. The historian maintains that Demosthenes measured everything by the interests of his own city, imagining that all the Greeks ought to have their eyes fixed upon Athens. According to Polybius, the only thing the Athenians eventually got by their opposition to Philip was the defeat at Chaeronea. "And had it not been for the King's magnanimity and regard for his own reputation, their misfortunes would have gone even further, thanks to the policy of Demosthenes".
604:
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For his part, Aeschines stigmatised his intensity, attributing to his rival strings of absurd and incoherent images. Dionysius stated that
Demosthenes' only shortcoming is the lack of humour, although Quintilian regards this deficiency as a virtue. In a now lost letter, Cicero, though an admirer of the Athenian orator, claimed that occasionally Demosthenes "nods", and elsewhere Cicero also argued that, although he is pre-eminent, Demosthenes sometimes fails to satisfy his ears. The main criticism of Demosthenes' art, however, seems to have rested chiefly on his known reluctance to speak
1468:, then twenty years old, as the new King of Macedon. Greek cities like Athens and Thebes saw in this change of leadership an opportunity to regain their full independence. Demosthenes celebrated Philip's assassination and played a leading part in his city's uprising. According to Aeschines, "it was but the seventh day after the death of his daughter, and though the ceremonies of mourning were not yet completed, he put a garland on his head and white raiment on his body, and there he stood making thank-offerings, violating all decency." Demosthenes also sent envoys to
1746:
58:
1194:. However, when an Athenian delegation arrived at Pella to put Philip under oath, which was required to conclude the treaty, he was campaigning abroad. He expected that he would hold safely any Athenian possessions that he might seize before the ratification. Being very anxious about the delay, Demosthenes insisted that the embassy should travel to the place where they would find Philip and swear him in without delay. Despite his suggestions, the Athenian envoys, including himself and Aeschines, remained in Pella, until Philip successfully concluded his campaign in
1780:, a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, Demosthenes represented the final stage in the development of Attic prose. Both Dionysius and Cicero assert that Demosthenes brought together the best features of the basic types of style; he used the middle or normal type style ordinarily and applied the archaic type and the type of plain elegance where they were fitting. In each one of the three types he was better than its special masters. He is, therefore, regarded as a consummate orator, adept in the techniques of oratory, which are brought together in his work.
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relationship was contemporary with his marriage. Aeschines claims that
Demosthenes made money out of young rich men, such as Aristarchus, the son of Moschus, whom he allegedly deceived with the pretence that he could make him a great orator. Apparently, while still under Demosthenes' tutelage, Aristarchus killed and mutilated a certain Nicodemus of Aphidna. Aeschines accused Demosthenes of complicity in the murder, pointing out that Nicodemus had once pressed a lawsuit accusing Demosthenes of desertion. He also accused Demosthenes of having been such a bad
1351:
the
Congress. Demosthenes however reversed Aeschines' initiatives and Athens finally abstained. After the failure of a first military excursion against the Locrians, the summer session of the Amphictyonic Council gave command of the league's forces to Philip and asked him to lead a second excursion. Philip decided to act at once; in the winter of 339–338 BC, he passed through Thermopylae, entered Amfissa and defeated the Locrians. After this significant victory, Philip swiftly entered Phocis in 338 BC. He then turned south-east down the
595:," the name of a legendary Libyan king who spoke quickly and in a disordered fashion. Demosthenes undertook a disciplined programme to overcome his weaknesses and improve his delivery, including diction, voice and gestures. According to one story, when he was asked to name the three most important elements in oratory, he replied "Delivery, delivery and delivery!" It is unknown whether such vignettes are factual accounts of events in Demosthenes' life or merely anecdotes used to illustrate his perseverance and determination.
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him. He had no wit, no humour, no vivacity, in our acceptance of these terms. The secret of his power is simple, for it lies essentially in the fact that his political principles were interwoven with his very spirit." In this judgement, Peck agrees with Jaeger, who said that the imminent political decision imbued
Demosthenes' speech with a fascinating artistic power. From his part, George A. Kennedy believes that his political speeches in the ekklesia were to become "the artistic exposition of reasoned views".
3508:. In fact the word actually defining his speech defect was "Battalos", signifying someone with rhotacism, but it was crudely misrepresented as "Batalos" by the enemies of Demosthenes and by Plutarch's time the original word had already lost currency. Another nickname of Demosthenes was "Argas." According to Plutarch, this name was given him either for his savage and spiteful behaviour or for his disagreeable way of speaking. "Argas" was a poetical word for a snake, but also the name of a poet.
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tendency to focus on delivery promoted him to use repetition, this would ingrain the importance into the audience's minds; he also relied on speed and delay to create suspense and interest among the audience when presenting the most important aspects of his speech. One of his most effective skills was his ability to strike a balance: his works were complex so that the audience would not be offended by any elementary language, but the most important parts were clear and easily understood.
1609:, however, notes that many Athenian leaders, Demosthenes included, made fortunes out of their political activism, especially by taking bribes from fellow citizens and such foreign states as Macedonia and Persia. Demosthenes received vast sums for the many decrees and laws he proposed. Given this pattern of corruption in Greek politics, it appears likely, writes Hansen, that Demosthenes accepted a huge bribe from Harpalus, and that he was justly found guilty in an Athenian People's Court.
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320:
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1041:, a mainstay of Eubulus' policy. In his rousing call for resistance, Demosthenes asked his countrymen to take the necessary action and asserted that "for a free people there can be no greater compulsion than shame for their position". He thus provided for the first time a plan and specific recommendations for the strategy to be adopted against Philip in the north. Among other things, the plan called for the creation of a rapid-response force, to be created cheaply with each
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1132:"Just think. The instant this court rises, each of you will walk home, one quicker, another more leisurely, not anxious, not glancing behind him, not fearing whether he is going to run up against a friend or an enemy, a big man or a little one, a strong man or a weak one, or anything of that sort. And why? Because in his heart he knows, and is confident, and has learned to trust the State, that no one shall seize or insult or strike him."
1595:, an anti-Macedonian statesman and former ally of Demosthenes. Additionally, the ekklesia decided to take control of Harpalus' money, which was entrusted to a committee presided over by Demosthenes. When the committee counted the treasure, they found they only had half the money Harpalus had declared he possessed. When Harpalus escaped, the Areopagus conducted an inquiry and charged Demosthenes and others with mishandling twenty talents.
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have added many accidental resemblances. I think there can hardly be found two other orators, who, from small and obscure beginnings, became so great and mighty; who both contested with kings and tyrants; both lost their daughters, were driven out of their country, and returned with honour; who, flying from thence again, were both seized upon by their enemies, and at last ended their lives with the liberty of their countrymen.
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653:) speaking on another's behalf. He seems to have been able to manage any kind of case, adapting his skills to almost any client, including wealthy and powerful men. It is not unlikely that he became a teacher of rhetoric and that he brought pupils into court with him. However, though he probably continued writing speeches throughout his career, he stopped working as an advocate once he entered the political arena.
1323:
1308:, which is considered to be the best of his political orations. Using all the power of his eloquence, he demanded resolute action against Philip and called for a burst of energy from the Athenian people. He told them that it would be "better to die a thousand times than pay court to Philip". Demosthenes now dominated Athenian politics and was able to considerably weaken the pro-Macedonian faction of Aeschines.
3676:, Demosthenes himself and others had declared that the orator had taken no part of the money that Harpalus brought from Asia. He also narrates the following story: Shortly after Harpalus ran away from Athens, he was put to death by the servants who were attending him, though some assert that he was assassinated. The steward of his money fled to Rhodes, and was arrested by a Macedonian officer,
1800:
Although he lacked
Aeschines' charming voice and Demades' skill at improvisation, he made efficient use of his body to accentuate his words. Thus he managed to project his ideas and arguments much more forcefully. However, the use of physical gestures was not an integral or developed part of rhetorical training in his day. Moreover, his delivery was not accepted by everybody in antiquity:
1603:." Such a reception, the circumstances of the case, Athenian need to placate Alexander, the urgency to account for the missing funds, Demosthenes' patriotism and wish to set Greece free from Macedonian rule, all lend support to George Grote's view that Demosthenes was innocent, that the charges against him were politically-motivated, and that he "was neither paid nor bought by Harpalus."
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enabled him to serve personal interests, even if it prejudiced the client. It also left him open to allegations of malpractice. Thus for example
Aeschines accused Demosthenes of unethically disclosing his clients' arguments to their opponents; in particular, that he wrote a speech for Phormion (350 BC), a wealthy banker, and then communicated it to Apollodorus, who was bringing a
1472:, whom he considered to be an internal opponent of Alexander. Nonetheless, Alexander moved swiftly to Thebes, which submitted shortly after his appearance at its gates. When the Athenians learned that Alexander had moved quickly to Boeotia, they panicked and begged the new King of Macedon for mercy. Alexander admonished them but imposed no punishment.
1096:, Demosthenes criticised his compatriots for being idle and urged Athens to help Olynthus. He also insulted Philip by calling him a "barbarian". Despite Demosthenes' strong advocacy, the Athenians would not manage to prevent the falling of the city to the Macedonians. Almost simultaneously, probably on Eubulus' recommendation, they engaged in a war in
408:, Demosthenes was married once. The only information about his wife, whose name is unknown, is that she was the daughter of Heliodorus, a prominent citizen. Demosthenes also had a daughter, "the only one who ever called him father", according to Aeschines in a trenchant remark. His daughter died young and unmarried a few days before Philip II's death.
1635:. However, Antipater, Alexander's successor, quelled all opposition and demanded that the Athenians turn over Demosthenes and Hypereides, among others. Following his order, the ekklesia had no choice but to reluctantly adopt a decree condemning the most prominent anti-Macedonian agitators to death. Demosthenes escaped to a sanctuary on the island of
1536:"You stand revealed in your life and conduct, in your public performances and also in your public abstinences. A project approved by the people is going forward. Aeschines is speechless. A regrettable incident is reported. Aeschines is in evidence. He reminds one of an old sprain or fracture: the moment you are out of health it begins to be active."
984:. In 352 BC, Demosthenes characterised Philip as the very worst enemy of his city; his speech presaged the fierce attacks that Demosthenes would launch against the Macedonian king over the ensuing years. A year later he criticised those dismissing Philip as a person of no account and warned that he was as dangerous as the king of
1643:), where he was later discovered by Archias, a confidant of Antipater. He died by suicide before his capture by taking poison out of a reed, pretending he wanted to write a letter to his family. When Demosthenes felt that the poison was working on his body, he said to Archias: "Now, as soon as you please you may commence the part of
1731:
long-sighted policy." Had his advice to the
Athenians and other fellow Greeks been followed, the power of Macedonia could have been successfully checked. Moreover, says Grote, "it was not Athens only that he sought to defend against Philip, but the whole Hellenic world. In this he towers above the greatest of his predecessors."
585:: Plutarch refers to a weakness in his voice of "a perplexed and indistinct utterance and a shortness of breath, which, by breaking and disjointing his sentences much obscured the sense and meaning of what he spoke." There are problems in Plutarch's account, however, and it is probable that Demosthenes actually suffered from
1491:, and Demosthenes is said to have received about 300 talents on behalf of Athens and to have faced accusations of embezzlement. Alexander reacted immediately and razed Thebes to the ground. He did not attack Athens, but demanded the exile of all anti-Macedonian politicians, Demosthenes first of all. According to
1265:, to detach as many cities as possible from Macedon's influence, but his efforts were generally unsuccessful. Most of the Peloponnesians saw Philip as the guarantor of their freedom and sent a joint embassy to Athens to express their grievances against Demosthenes' activities. In response, Demosthenes delivered the
1209:, where Philip accompanied the Athenian delegation, after he had completed his military preparations to move south. Demosthenes accused the other envoys of venality and of facilitating Philip's plans with their stance. Just after the conclusion of the Peace of Philocrates, Philip passed Thermopylae, and subdued
6848:
However, the speeches that
Demosthenes "published" might have differed from the original speeches that were actually delivered (there are indications that he rewrote them with readers in mind) and therefore it is possible also that he "published" different versions of any one speech, differences that
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The "publication" and distribution of prose texts was common practice in Athens by the latter half of the fourth century BC and
Demosthenes was among the Athenian politicians who set the trend, publishing many or even all of his orations. After his death, texts of his speeches survived in Athens
3177:
The divine power seems originally to have designed
Demosthenes and Cicero upon the same plan, giving them many similarities in their natural characters, as their passion for distinction and their love of liberty in civil life, and their want of courage in dangers and war, and at the same time also to
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in the tragedy, and cast out this body of mine unburied. But, O gracious Neptune, I, for my part, while I am yet alive, arise up and depart out of this sacred place; though Antipater and the Macedonians have not left so much as the temple unpolluted." After saying these words, he passed by the altar,
918:
Although his early orations were unsuccessful and reveal a lack of real conviction and of coherent strategic and political prioritisation, Demosthenes established himself as an important political personality and broke with Eubulus' faction, of which a prominent member was Aeschines. He thus laid the
1350:
of intruding on consecrated ground. The presiding officer of the council, a Thessalian named Cottyphus, proposed the convocation of an Amphictyonic Congress to inflict a harsh punishment upon the Locrians. Aeschines agreed with this proposition and maintained that the Athenians should participate in
685:
Since Athenian politicians were often indicted by their opponents, there was not always a clear distinction between "private" and "public" cases, and thus a career as a logographer opened the way for Demosthenes to embark on his political career. An Athenian logographer could remain anonymous, which
1787:
Demosthenes was apt at combining abruptness with the extended period, brevity with breadth. Hence, his style harmonises with his fervent commitment. His language is simple and natural, never far-fetched or artificial. According to Jebb, Demosthenes was a true artist who could make his art obey him.
1698:
Paparrigopoulos extols Demosthenes' patriotism, but criticises him as being short-sighted. According to this critique, Demosthenes should have understood that the ancient Greek states could only survive unified under the leadership of Macedon. Therefore, Demosthenes is accused of misjudging events,
1598:
Among the accused, Demosthenes was the first to be brought to trial before an unusually numerous jury of 1,500. He was found guilty and fined 50 talents. Unable to pay this huge amount, Demosthenes escaped and only returned to Athens nine months later, after the death of Alexander. Upon his return,
1338:
also entered into an alliance with Athens. These developments worried Philip and increased his anger at Demosthenes. The Assembly, however, laid aside Philip's grievances against Demosthenes' conduct and denounced the peace treaty; so doing, in effect, amounted to an official declaration of war. In
569:
According to Plutarch, when Demosthenes first addressed himself to the people, he was derided for his strange and uncouth style, "which was cumbered with long sentences and tortured with formal arguments to a most harsh and disagreeable excess". Some citizens, however, discerned his talent. When he
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also endorsed Aeschines's account, and argued that, although the speech was never delivered in court, Demosthenes put into circulation an attack on Meidias. Dover's arguments were refuted by Edward M. Harris, who concluded that, although we cannot be sure about the outcome of the trial, the speech
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31 in these terms: "...he is not only no Greek, nor related to the Greeks, but not even a barbarian from any place that can be named with honour, but a pestilent knave from Macedonia, whence it was never yet possible to buy a decent slave." The wording is even more telling in Greek, ending with an
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believe that there is no indication that Demosthenes was a pupil of Plato or Isocrates. As far as Isaeus is concerned, according to Jebb "the school of Isaeus is nowhere else mentioned, nor is the name of any other pupil recorded". Peck believes that Demosthenes continued to study under Isaeus for
1783:
According to the classical scholar Harry Thurston Peck, Demosthenes "affects no learning; he aims at no elegance; he seeks no glaring ornaments; he rarely touches the heart with a soft or melting appeal, and when he does, it is only with an effect in which a third-rate speaker would have surpassed
1722:. Demosthenes dealt in policies and ideas, and war was not his business. This contrast between Demosthenes' intellectual prowess and his deficiencies in terms of vigour, stamina, military skill and strategic vision is illustrated by the inscription his countrymen engraved on the base of his statue:
445:
Between his coming of age in 366 BC and the trials that took place in 364 BC, Demosthenes and his guardians negotiated acrimoniously but were unable to reach an agreement, for neither side was willing to make concessions. At the same time, Demosthenes prepared himself for the trials and
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period. From then until the fourth century AD, copies of Demosthenes' orations multiplied and they were in a relatively good position to survive the tense period from the sixth until the ninth century AD. In the end, sixty-one orations attributed to Demosthenes survived till the present day
1772:
and Isaeus is obvious, but his marked, original style is already revealed. Most of his extant speeches for private cases—written early in his career—show glimpses of talent: a powerful intellectual drive, masterly selection (and omission) of facts, and a confident assertion of the justice of his
1730:
George Grote notes that already thirty years before his death, Demosthenes "took a sagacious and provident measure of the danger which threatened Grecian liberty from the energy and encroachments of Philip." Throughout his career "we trace the same combination of earnest patriotism with wise and
1560:
Demosthenes effectively defended Ctesiphon and vehemently attacked those who would have preferred peace with Macedon. He was unrepentant about his past actions and policies and insisted that, when in power, the constant aim of his policies was the honour and the ascendancy of his country; and on
1799:
Besides his style, Cicero also admired other aspects of Demosthenes' works, such as the good prose rhythm, and the way he structured and arranged the material in his orations. According to the Roman statesman, Demosthenes regarded "delivery" (gestures, voice, etc.) as more important than style.
1818:
Demosthenes tailored his style to be very audience-specific. He took pride in not relying on attractive words but rather simple, effective prose. He was mindful of his arrangement, he used clauses to create patterns that would make seemingly complex sentences easy for the hearer to follow. His
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city; Philip also sent a deputation, but Demosthenes succeeded in securing Thebes' allegiance. Demosthenes' oration before the Theban people is not extant and, therefore, the arguments he used to convince the Thebans remain unknown. In any case, the alliance came at a price: Thebes' control of
3303:
Some of the speeches that comprise the "Demosthenic corpus" are known to have been written by other authors, though scholars differ over which speeches these are. Irrespective of their status, the speeches attributed to Demosthenes are often grouped in three genres first defined by Aristotle:
1555:
Despite the unsuccessful ventures against Philip and Alexander, most Athenians still respected Demosthenes, because they shared his sentiments and wished to restore their independence. In 336 BC, the orator Ctesiphon proposed that Athens honour Demosthenes for his services to the city by
589:, mispronouncing ρ (r) as λ (l). Aeschines taunted him and referred to him in his speeches by the nickname "Batalus", apparently invented by Demosthenes' pedagogues or by the little boys with whom he was playing—which corresponded to how someone with that variety of rhotacism would pronounce "
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and all the states of the Chalcidic federation that Olynthus had once led. After these Macedonian victories, Athens sued for peace with Macedon. Demosthenes was among those who favoured compromise. In 347 BC, an Athenian delegation, comprising Demosthenes, Aeschines and Philocrates, was
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who lived for a long time in Demosthenes' house, Aeschines mocks the "scandalous" and "improper" relation. In another speech, Aeschines brings up the pederastic relation of his opponent with a boy called Cnosion. The slander that Demosthenes' wife also slept with the boy suggests that the
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by blood—an allegation disputed by some modern scholars. He was also the uncle of the Athenian Orator Demochares. Demosthenes was orphaned at the age of seven. Although his father provided for him well, his legal guardians, Aphobus, Demophon and Therippides, mishandled his inheritance.
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by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20, in which he successfully argued that he should gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speechwriter
1231:. For Edmund M. Burke, this speech heralds a maturation in Demosthenes' career: after Philip's successful campaign in 346 BC, the Athenian statesman realised that, if he was to lead his city against the Macedonians, he had "to adjust his voice, to become less partisan in tone".
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against Phormion. Plutarch much later supported this accusation, stating that Demosthenes "was thought to have acted dishonourably" and he also accused Demosthenes of writing speeches for both sides. It has often been argued that the deception, if there was one, involved a political
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by pillaging his estate, allegedly pretending to be in love with the youth so as to get his hands on the boy's inheritance. Nevertheless, the story of Demosthenes' relations with Aristarchus is still regarded as more than doubtful, and no other pupil of Demosthenes is known by name.
3455:). Nevertheless, the accuracy of these allegations is disputed, since more than seventy years had elapsed between Gylon's possible treachery and Aeschines' speech, and, therefore, the orator could be confident that his audience would have no direct knowledge of events at Nymphaeum.
761:"While the vessel is safe, whether it be a large or a small one, then is the time for sailor and helmsman and everyone in his turn to show his zeal and to take care that it is not capsized by anyone's malice or inadvertence; but when the sea has overwhelmed it, zeal is useless."
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Both Tsatsos and Weil maintain that Demosthenes never abandoned the profession of the logographer, but, after delivering his first political orations, he wanted to be regarded as a statesman. According to James J. Murphy, Professor emeritus of Rhetoric and Communication at the
903:, the most powerful Athenian statesman of the period 355 to 342 BC. The latter was no pacifist but came to eschew a policy of aggressive interventionism in the internal affairs of the other Greek cities. Contrary to Eubulus' policy, Demosthenes called for an alliance with
1390:
While the Athenians and the Thebans were preparing themselves for war, Philip made a final attempt to appease his enemies, proposing in vain a new peace treaty. After a few trivial encounters between the two sides, which resulted in minor Athenian victories, Philip drew the
1669:, the biographer insists that for "the same party and post in politics which he held from the beginning, to these he kept constant to the end; and was so far from leaving them while he lived, that he chose rather to forsake his life than his purpose". On the other hand,
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The sentiments to which Demosthenes appeals throughout his numerous orations, are those of the noblest and largest patriotism; trying to inflame the ancient Grecian sentiment of an autonomous Hellenic world, as the indispensable condition of a dignified and desirable
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opponents and opportunities and of being unable to foresee Philip's inevitable triumph. He is criticised for having overrated Athens's capacity to revive and challenge Macedon. His city had lost most of its Aegean allies, whereas Philip had consolidated his hold over
817:
In Demosthenes' time, different political goals developed around personalities. Instead of electioneering, Athenian politicians used litigation and defamation to remove rivals from government processes. Often they indicted each other for breaches of the statute laws
522:(somewhat over 1½ talents) on the condition that Isaeus withdraw from a school of rhetoric he had opened and instead devote himself wholly to Demosthenes, his new pupil. Another version credits Isaeus with having taught Demosthenes without charge. According to
376:
As soon as Demosthenes came of age in 366 BC, he demanded his guardians render an account of their management. According to Demosthenes, the account revealed the misappropriation of his property. Although his father left an estate of nearly fourteen
3335:, attributing praise or blame, often delivered at public ceremonies—only two speeches have been included in the Demosthenic corpus, one a funeral speech that has been dismissed as a "rather poor" example of his work, and the other probably spurious.
659:"If you feel bound to act in the spirit of that dignity, whenever you come into court to give judgement on public causes, you must bethink yourselves that with his staff and his badge every one of you receives in trust the ancient pride of Athens."
1796:; he often declined to comment on subjects he had not studied beforehand. However, he gave the most elaborate preparation to all his speeches and, therefore, his arguments were the products of careful study. He was also famous for his caustic wit.
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as his master in rhetoric, even though Isocrates was then teaching this subject, either because he could not pay Isocrates the prescribed fee or because Demosthenes believed Isaeus' style better suited a vigorous and astute orator such as himself.
381:(equivalent to about 220 years of a labourer's income at standard wages, or 11 million dollars in terms of median U.S. annual incomes). Demosthenes asserted his guardians had left nothing "except the house, and fourteen slaves and thirty silver
565:(1842–1923). Demosthenes used to study in an underground room he constructed himself. He also used to talk with pebbles in his mouth and recited verses while running. To strengthen his voice, he spoke on the seashore over the roar of the waves.
1126:. Meidias was a friend of Eubulus and supporter of the unsuccessful excursion in Euboea. He also was an old enemy of Demosthenes; in 361 BC he had broken violently into his house, with his brother Thrasylochus, to take possession of it.
1225:. Despite some reluctance on the part of the Athenian leaders, Athens finally accepted Philip's entry into the Council of the League. Demosthenes was among those who adopted a pragmatic approach, and recommended this stance in his oration
1159:
is undermined by wealthy and unscrupulous men, and that the citizens acquire power and authority in all state affairs due "to the strength of the laws". There is no consensus among scholars either on whether Demosthenes finally delivered
915:, and for supporting the democratic faction of the Rhodians in their internal strife. His arguments revealed his desire to articulate Athens' needs and interests through a more activist foreign policy, wherever opportunity might provide.
7150:
3504:"Batalus" or "Batalos" meant "stammerer" in ancient Greek, but it was also the name of a flute-player (in ridicule of whom Antiphanes wrote a play) and of a songwriter. The word "batalus" was also used by the Athenians to describe the
7453:: "This is the most amazing exploit of all; for, before the king reduced Egypt and Phoenicia, you passed a decree calling on me to make common cause with the rest of the Greeks against him, in case he attempted to interfere with us".
3347:, who believed them genuine. Modern scholars are divided: some reject them, while others, such as Blass, believe they are authentic. Finally, six letters also survive under Demosthenes' name and their authorship too is hotly debated.
1561:
every occasion and in all business he preserved his loyalty to Athens. He finally defeated Aeschines, although his enemy's objections, though politically-motivated, to the crowning were arguably valid from a legal point of view.
3596:
also accepted Aeschines's account for an out-of-court settlement, and concluded that the speech was never delivered. Böckh's position was soon endorsed by Arnold Schaefer and Blass. Weil agreed that Demosthenes never delivered
1003:
shook Demosthenes. In 351 BC, Demosthenes felt strong enough to express his view concerning the most important foreign policy issue facing Athens at that time: the stance his city should take towards Philip. According to
3646:
also maintained that when the Arcadians offered their services for ten talents, Demosthenes refused to furnish the money to the Thebans, who were conducting the negotiations, and so the Arcadians sold out to the Macedonians.
6317:
798:, he advocated eliminating corruption. All these speeches, which offer early glimpses of his general principles on foreign policy, such as the importance of the navy, of alliances and of national honour, are prosecutions (
1443:, from a 3rd-century BC original Greek painting, now lost. In 336–335 BC, the king of Macedon killed any attempt of the Greek cities at resistance and shattered Demosthenes's hopes for Athenian independence.
3565:, Demosthenes regarded as Greeks only those who had reached the cultural standards of south Greece and he did not take into consideration ethnological criteria. His contempt for Philip is forcefully expressed in the
3431:, Cleoboule was the daughter of a Scythian woman and of an Athenian father, Gylon, although other scholars insist on the genealogical purity of Demosthenes. There is an agreement among scholars that Cleoboule was a
1556:
presenting him, according to custom, with a golden crown. This proposal became a political issue and, in 330 BC, Aeschines prosecuted Ctesiphon on charges of legal irregularities. In his most brilliant speech,
1447:
After Chaeronea, Philip inflicted a harsh punishment upon Thebes, but made peace with Athens on very lenient terms. Demosthenes encouraged the fortification of Athens and was chosen by the ekklesia to deliver the
3659:
The exact chronology of Harpalus's entrance into Athens and of all the related events remains a debated topic among modern scholars, who have proposed different, and sometimes conflicting, chronological schemes.
1257:
Satellite image of the Thracian Chersonese and the surrounding area. The Chersonese became the focus of a bitter territorial dispute between Athens and Macedon. It was eventually ceded to Philip in 338 BC.
1718:, in his time the division between political and military offices was beginning to be strongly marked. Almost no politician, with the exception of Phocion, was at the same time an apt orator and a competent
244:. He sought to preserve his city's freedom and to establish an alliance against Macedon, in an unsuccessful attempt to impede Philip's plans to expand his influence southward, conquering the Greek states.
1773:
case, all ensuring the dominance of his viewpoint over his rival. However, at this early stage of his career, his writing was not yet remarkable for its subtlety, verbal precision and variety of effects.
1625:, 10)—The orator faced serious accusations more than once, but he never admitted to any improper actions and insisted that it is impossible "to gain permanent power by injustice, perjury, and falsehood".
1616:"For a house, I take it, or a ship or anything of that sort must have its chief strength in its substructure; and so too in affairs of state the principles and the foundations must be truth and justice."
4368:
3265:
was among those who idealised Demosthenes and wrote a book about him. For his part, Friedrich Nietzsche often composed his sentences according to the paradigms of Demosthenes, whose style he admired.
858:("citizen-body") to reign supreme as judge, jury and executioner. Demosthenes was to become fully engaged in this kind of litigation and he was also to be instrumental in developing the power of the
546:
Lucian mentions eight beautiful copies of Thucydides made by Demosthenes, all in Demosthenes' own handwriting. These references hint at his respect for a historian he must have assiduously studied.
854:, were sustained by innuendo, inferences about motives, and a complete absence of proof; as J. H. Vince states "there was no room for chivalry in Athenian political life". Such rivalry enabled the
236:
Demosthenes grew interested in politics during his time as a logographer, and in 354 BC he gave his first public political speeches. He went on to devote his most productive years to opposing
359:
Demosthenes started to learn rhetoric because he wished to take his guardians to court and because he was of "delicate physique" and could not receive gymnastic education, which was customary. In
5016:
5737:
3573:οὐ μόνον οὐχ Ἕλληνος ὄντος οὐδὲ προσήκοντος οὐδὲν τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ βαρβάρου ἐντεῦθεν ὅθεν καλὸν εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ᾽ ὀλέθρου Μακεδόνος, ὅθεν οὐδ᾽ ἀνδράποδον σπουδαῖον οὐδὲν ἦν πρότερον πρίασθαι.
7611:
1483:, but, while he was campaigning in the north, Demosthenes spread a rumour—even producing a bloodstained messenger—that Alexander and all of his expeditionary force had been slaughtered by the
6389:
10324:
8033:
1587:
In 324 BC Harpalus, to whom Alexander had entrusted huge treasures, absconded and sought refuge in Athens. The Assembly had initially refused to accept him, following Demosthenes' and
369:
states that Demosthenes built an underground study where he practised speaking and shaving one half of his head so that he could not go out in public. Plutarch also states that he had "an
3247:
Demosthenes' technique. His ideas and principles survived, influencing prominent politicians and movements of our times. Hence, he constituted a source of inspiration for the authors of
1277:
against Aeschines, who was facing a charge of high treason. Nonetheless, Aeschines was acquitted by the narrow margin of thirty votes by a jury which may have numbered as many as 1,501.
7952:
6314:
4996:
7634:
7544:
7485:
7351:
6427:
6362:
6122:
6083:
6032:
6009:
5852:
5708:
5179:
4708:
4693:
4636:
4538:
4430:
4349:
4196:
4185:
4151:
4128:
4049:
3931:
3899:
9954:
7559:
7470:
7446:
7295:
7253:
7224:
6720:
6565:
6465:
5823:
5537:
5269:
4576:
4553:
4502:
4479:
4456:
4319:
4283:
4247:
4105:
4026:
3997:
401:
during 362 and 361 BC. The courts fixed Demosthenes' damages at ten talents. When all the trials came to an end, he only succeeded in retrieving a portion of his inheritance.
10359:
6145:
4599:
919:
foundations for his future political successes and for becoming the leader of his own "party" (the issue of whether the modern concept of political parties can be applied in the
826:), but accusations of bribery and corruption were ubiquitous in all cases, being part of the political dialogue. The orators often resorted to "character assassination" tactics (
578:. Another time, after the ekklesia had refused to hear him and he was going home dejected, an actor named Satyrus followed him and entered into a friendly conversation with him.
10228:
6550:
255:. However, his efforts failed, and the revolt was met with a harsh Macedonian reaction. To prevent a similar revolt against his own rule, Alexander's successor in this region,
10082:
1648:
fell down and died. Years after Demosthenes' suicide, the Athenians erected a statue to honour him and decreed that the state should provide meals to his descendants in the
3232:, who first published translation of his speeches into English, Demosthenes was not only an eloquent orator, but, mainly, an authoritative statesman, "a source of wisdom".
1326:
The battle of Chaeronea took place in the autumn of 338 BC and resulted in a significant victory for Philip, who established Macedon's supremacy over the Greek cities.
8493:
7934:
5228:
3561:, Demosthenes characterised Philip as a "barbarian", one of the various abusive terms applied by the orator to the king of Macedon. According to Konstantinos Tsatsos and
776:
Between 355 and 351 BC, Demosthenes continued practising law privately while he was becoming increasingly interested in public affairs. During this period, he wrote
3296:, a German classical scholar, believes that nine more speeches were recorded by the orator, but they are not extant. Modern editions of these speeches are based on four
9987:
286:
likened Demosthenes to a blazing thunderbolt and argued that he had "perfected to the utmost the tone of lofty speech, living passions, copiousness, readiness, speed."
373:" that he overcame by speaking with pebbles in his mouth and by repeating verses when running or out of breath. He also practised speaking in front of a large mirror.
10061:
8047:
1284:
and, in 342 BC, Philip campaigned in Thrace. He also negotiated with the Athenians an amendment to the Peace of Philocrates. When the Macedonian army approached
10379:
8235:
8065:
3467:
According to Tsatsos, the trials against the guardians lasted until Demosthenes was twenty four. Nietzsche reduces the time of the judicial disputes to five years.
1065:
per day), which was less than the average pay for unskilled labourers in Athens—implying that the hoplite was expected to make up the deficiency in pay by looting.
10102:
5436:
5040:
13789:
3325:, assessing the justice of past actions—only about ten of these are cases in which Demosthenes was personally involved, the rest were written for other speakers;
3212:, Demosthenes had a reputation for eloquence. He was read more than any other ancient orator; only Cicero offered any real competition. French author and lawyer
9995:
8184:
7800:
7782:
7764:
3410:
1155:(aggravated assault), which was regarded as a crime not only against the city but against society as a whole. He stated that a democratic state perishes if the
770:, 69)—The orator warned his countrymen of the disasters Athens would suffer, if they continued to remain idle and indifferent to the challenges of their times.
735:) as a citizen with full rights probably in 366 BC, and he soon demonstrated an interest in politics. In 363 and 359 BC, he assumed the office of the
10573:
10404:
10364:
10269:
1382:
and other states in the Peloponnese. However the most desirable ally for Athens was Thebes. To secure their allegiance, Demosthenes was sent by Athens, to the
674:
Judicial oratory had become a significant literary genre by the second half of the fifth century, as represented in the speeches of Demosthenes' predecessors,
7988:
7970:
7916:
7385:
7377:
7373:
5977:
5761:
5757:
5667:
5641:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5576:
5519:
5295:
5248:
4365:
10389:
10319:
5420:
5390:
5364:
5342:
5320:
1024:. Demosthenes saw the King of Macedon as a menace to the autonomy of all Greek cities and yet he presented him as a monster of Athens's own creation; in the
5467:
5398:
1080:, 20)—The orator took great pains to convince his countrymen that the reform of the theoric fund was necessary to finance the city's military preparations.
554:
10414:
10344:
10339:
10299:
10294:
8096:
5158:
5140:
5122:
3145:
Demosthenes is widely considered one of the greatest orators of all time, and his fame has continued down the ages. Authors and scholars who flourished at
1296:
ravaged the maritime district of Thrace, thereby inciting Philip's rage. Because of this turbulence, the Athenian Assembly convened. Demosthenes delivered
538:, believes that Isaeus helped Demosthenes edit his initial judicial orations against his guardians. Demosthenes is also said to have admired the historian
5076:
5058:
5032:
1086:
From this moment until 341 BC, all of Demosthenes' speeches referred to the same issue, the struggle against Philip. In 349 BC, Philip attacked
697:, whereby Apollodorus secretly pledged support for unpopular reforms that Demosthenes was pursuing in the greater, public interest (i.e. the diversion of
13824:
10409:
10399:
10369:
10349:
8166:
8152:
5114:
3968:
3772:
3711:, while Schaefer recognises as genuine only twenty-nine orations. Of Demosthenes's corpus political speeches, J. H. Vince singles out five as spurious:
8413:
8357:
8205:
7862:
10384:
10374:
10309:
10203:
8138:
8124:
8110:
8082:
5734:
1456:, a confederation of Greek states under his leadership, and returned to Pella. In 336 BC, Philip was assassinated at the wedding of his daughter,
530:
scholar, "the intercourse between Isaeus and Demosthenes as teacher and learner can scarcely have been either very intimate or of very long duration".
7608:
3642:
Aeschines reproached Demosthenes for being silent as to the seventy talents of the king's gold which he allegedly seized and embezzled. Aeschines and
3287:
The Alexandrian texts were incorporated into the body of classical Greek literature that was preserved, catalogued and studied by the scholars of the
10329:
10304:
10289:
10284:
10208:
10198:
8385:
8019:
8005:
7184:
6386:
3858:
10073:
8612:
8504:
8434:
8329:
7898:
10134:
3747:, is regarded as paramount. Goldstein regards Demosthenes's letters as authentic apologetic letters that were addressed to the Athenian Assembly.
10862:
10394:
4765:
3576:
Nevertheless, Philip, in his letter to the council and people of Athens, mentioned by Demosthenes, places himself "with the rest of the Greeks".
1692:, 321–322)—Faced with the practical defeat of his policies, Demosthenes assessed them by the ideals they embodied rather than by their utility.
972:
Most of Demosthenes' major orations were directed against the growing power of King Philip II of Macedon. Since 357 BC, when Philip seized
13804:
1432:
5885:
1714:
The fact that Demosthenes fought at the battle of Chaeronea as a hoplite indicates that he lacked any military skills. According to historian
2945:
1715:
7949:
4993:
1631:
After Alexander's death in 323 BC, Demosthenes again urged the Athenians to seek independence from Macedon in what became known as the
335:
or the first year of the 99th Olympiad. His father—also named Demosthenes—who belonged to the local tribe, Pandionis, and lived in the
7631:
7541:
7482:
7348:
6424:
6359:
6119:
6080:
6029:
6006:
5849:
5705:
5225:
5176:
4705:
4690:
4633:
4535:
4427:
4346:
4193:
4182:
4148:
4125:
4046:
3928:
3896:
3157:
acclaimed him as "largus et exundans ingenii fons" (a large and overflowing fountain of genius), and he inspired Cicero's speeches against
1201:
Philip swore to the treaty, but he delayed the departure of the Athenian envoys, who had yet to receive the oaths from Macedon's allies in
7556:
7467:
7443:
7292:
7250:
7221:
6717:
6562:
6462:
5820:
5534:
5266:
4573:
4550:
4499:
4476:
4453:
4316:
4280:
4244:
4102:
4023:
3994:
1387:
Boeotia was recognised, Thebes was to command solely on land and jointly at sea, and Athens was to pay two thirds of the campaign's cost.
9951:
6142:
4596:
3630:
According to Plutarch, Demosthenes deserted his colours and "did nothing honorable, nor was his performance answerable to his speeches".
2766:
1141:, 221)—The orator asked the Athenians to defend their legal system, by making an example of the defendant for the instruction of others.
2686:
12462:
10566:
9978:
6849:
could have impacted on the Alexandrian edition of his works and thus on all subsequent editions down to the present day. See H. Yunis,
6547:
212:
constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide insight into the politics and culture of
5916:
1591:'s advice, but finally Harpalus entered Athens. He was imprisoned after a proposal of Demosthenes and Phocion, despite the dissent of
13779:
8377:
240:'s expansion. He idealized his city and strove throughout his life to restore Athens' supremacy and motivate his compatriots against
3525:, his lifelong career as a logographer continued even during his most intense involvement in the political struggle against Philip.
8276:
2856:
1599:
he "received from his countrymen an enthusiastic welcome, such as had never been accorded to any returning exile since the days of
8546:
Blanshard, Alastair J. L.; Sowerby, Tracey A. (Summer 2005). "Thomas Wilson's Demosthenes and the Politics of Tudor Translation".
8472:
7837:
10475:
5868:
8263:
7931:
7880:
6412:
6286:
5902:
3843:
668:, 210)—The orator's defence of the honour of the courts was in contrast to the improper actions of which Aeschines accused him.
8675:
Burke, Edmund M. (October 2002). "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes: Elite Bias in the Response to Economic Crisis".
8490:
7169:
6497:
3828:
1407:, the King after his victory sneered at the misfortunes of the Athenian statesman. However, the Athenian orator and statesman
1213:; Athens made no move to support the Phocians. Supported by Thebes and Thessaly, Macedon took control of Phocis' votes in the
13794:
10559:
10094:
9885:
9848:
9773:
9754:
9714:
9695:
9614:
9568:
9549:
9521:
9498:
9448:
9427:
9399:
9380:
9361:
9342:
9323:
9304:
9285:
9266:
9199:
9180:
9161:
9142:
9123:
9092:
9062:
9014:
8966:
8943:
8924:
8905:
8869:
8850:
8831:
8812:
8781:
8762:
8739:
8713:
8665:
8629:
8601:
8536:
8405:
7045:
6660:
6057:
3059:
574:(the Athenian Assembly) disheartened, an old man named Eunomus encouraged him, saying his diction was very much like that of
8044:
7985:
7967:
7913:
5800:
1028:
he reprimanded his fellow citizens as follows: "Even if something happens to him, you will soon raise up a second Philip ".
11850:
10127:
8349:
8309:
8292:
8232:
8181:
8062:
7797:
7779:
7761:
642:
9966:
3613:, by accepting that, after Demosthenes secured a judgment in his favour, he reached some kind of settlement with Meidias.
1044:
13814:
10855:
10058:
10049:
1339:
339 BC Philip made his last and most effective bid to conquer southern Greece, assisted by Aeschines' stance in the
611:
of Demosthenes leaving the Assembly in shame after his first failure at public speaking, as described by Plutarch in his
10099:
9438:
393:= ½ talent). At the age of 20 Demosthenes sued his trustees to recover his patrimony and delivered five orations: three
12472:
12162:
11855:
11789:
3588:
Aeschines maintained that Demosthenes was bribed to drop his charges against Meidias in return for a payment of thirty
3280:(possibly forming part of the library of Cicero's friend, Atticus, though their fate is otherwise unknown), and in the
3169:
Cecil Wooten, Cicero ended his career by trying to imitate Demosthenes' political role. Plutarch drew attention in his
3132:
562:
8454:
6581:
Mader, Gottfried (2007). "Foresight, Hindsight, and the Rhetoric of Self-Fashioning in Demosthenes' Philippic Cycle".
1847:
13819:
13774:
11860:
11835:
9992:
8255:
850:), both in the courts and in the Assembly. The rancorous and often hilariously exaggerated accusations, satirised by
1187:
to negotiate a peace treaty. In his first encounter with Philip, Demosthenes is said to have collapsed from fright.
13669:
12418:
11845:
11840:
10437:
2485:
2311:
1151:. This speech gives valuable information about Athenian law at the time and especially about the Greek concept of
12312:
12172:
12167:
11444:
10120:
9916:
6967:
3522:
2975:
2940:
1449:
3228:, a French Renaissance writer and translator, regarded Demosthenes as a great or even the "supreme" orator. For
454:, who was then at the height of his reputation, having just won a case of considerable importance. According to
13696:
12337:
11751:
10848:
10218:
8268:
718:
428:
to Aristarchus so as not even to deserve the name. His crime, according to Aeschines, was to have betrayed his
8431:
8410:
8382:
8354:
8326:
8202:
7895:
7859:
3960:
3766:
13799:
13691:
13248:
12741:
12257:
12177:
11875:
11585:
3356:
3029:
586:
7181:
3855:
3315:, considering the expediency of future actions—sixteen such speeches are included in the Demosthenic corpus;
13664:
12193:
11647:
3173:
to the strong similarities between the personalities and careers of Demosthenes and Marcus Tullius Cicero:
3019:
1317:
30:
10070:
3487:
and Plato. Cicero and Quintilian argue that Demosthenes was Plato's disciple. Tsatsos and the philologist
13809:
12719:
12327:
12203:
11865:
11819:
11774:
11550:
11239:
10814:
10468:
9645:
Worman, Nancy (Spring 2004). "Insult and Oral Excess in the Disputes between Aeschines and Demosthenes".
9236:
8635:
8501:
3229:
2866:
743:. He was among the first ever volunteer trierarchs in 357 BC, sharing the expenses of a ship called
463:
412:
248:
13258:
515:
and historian, likened the relation between Isaeus and Demosthenes to "an intellectual armed alliance".
13380:
13253:
12386:
12381:
12357:
12267:
11784:
10882:
9940:
8754:
8215:
3428:
3254:
1777:
1352:
247:
After Philip's death, Demosthenes played a leading part in his city's uprising against the new king of
17:
6989:
4759:
13738:
13681:
12637:
12440:
12425:
12347:
12282:
11602:
11497:
10971:
10905:
10754:
2776:
1908:
1704:
1549:
Demosthenes fiercely assaulted and finally neutralised Aeschines, his formidable political opponent.
1512:) and a boy. Greeks used the word Margites to describe foolish and useless people, on account of the
748:
571:
275:
271:
12249:
12229:
11427:
11085:
9477:
3792:
1190:
The ekklesia officially accepted Philip's harsh terms, including the renouncement of their claim to
502:
among his teachers. These claims are nowadays disputed. According to Plutarch, Demosthenes employed
12435:
12398:
12332:
11998:
11885:
10719:
10639:
9930:
9705:
Worthington, Ian (2004). "Oral Performance in the Athenian Assembly and the Demosthenic Prooemia".
5960:
4225:
3288:
2930:
2178:
1334:, where he sought to renew its alliance with Athens. Thanks to Demosthenes' diplomatic manoeuvres,
1071:"We need money, for sure, Athenians, and without money nothing can be done that ought to be done."
451:
423:
965:
809:
603:
13718:
12842:
12642:
12627:
12430:
12413:
12393:
12362:
12262:
12198:
11814:
11799:
11769:
11730:
11607:
11459:
10961:
8655:
2716:
2069:
1898:
1753:
1019:
1011:
3593:
1804:
and the comedians ridiculed Demosthenes' "theatricality", whilst Aeschines regarded Leodamas of
1178:
In 348 BC, Philip conquered Olynthus and razed it to the ground; then conquered the entire
259:, sent his men to track Demosthenes down. Demosthenes killed himself to avoid being arrested by
13784:
13769:
13764:
13676:
12679:
12450:
12408:
12342:
12307:
11759:
11743:
11439:
11380:
11229:
11224:
10461:
10223:
8318:
4927:
E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 180, 183 (note 91); T. N. Habinek,
3743:
In this discussion the work of Jonathan A. Goldstein, Professor of History and Classics at the
3673:
3125:
2960:
2836:
2826:
2746:
2183:
1972:
1000:
714:
1726:
Had you for Greece been strong, as wise you were, the Macedonian would not have conquered her.
13728:
12957:
12947:
12937:
12922:
12612:
12352:
12322:
12277:
12272:
11903:
11870:
11672:
11577:
11563:
11219:
11090:
11054:
10729:
10684:
10664:
10624:
9624:
Wooten, Cecil (October–November 1977). "Cicero's Reactions to Demosthenes: A Clarification".
8800:
3360:
3281:
3249:
3004:
2915:
2846:
2706:
2465:
2328:
2243:
2140:
1920:
1461:
1164:
or on the veracity of Aeschines' accusation that Demosthenes was bribed to drop the charges.
1005:
752:
283:
178:
9975:
1302:
and convinced the Athenians not to recall Diopeithes. Also in 342 BC, he delivered the
306:("one exceeds among all"), and also praised him as "the perfect orator" who lacked nothing.
13759:
13200:
13194:
13180:
12664:
12622:
12594:
12479:
12292:
11522:
11318:
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10249:
3677:
3562:
3484:
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3150:
2910:
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2430:
2173:
1858:
1606:
1488:
1457:
1273:
1173:
531:
241:
190:
1745:
1118:, a wealthy Athenian, publicly slapped Demosthenes, who was at the time a choregos at the
57:
8:
13331:
13301:
12689:
12584:
12579:
12016:
11331:
11244:
11214:
11168:
10931:
10824:
10724:
9073:
8774:
Household Interests: Property, Marriage Strategies, and Family Dynamics in Ancient Athens
6409:
5805:. Vol. 6. Longman, Rees, Orme, Green & Longman, Paternoster-Row and John Taylor.
3609:
was a finished speech that could have been delivered in court, but Erbse then sided with
3221:
3009:
2965:
2955:
2950:
2806:
2480:
2145:
2013:
1801:
1757:
1674:
1465:
1340:
1289:
1285:
1214:
981:
904:
900:
624:
523:
455:
415:
relations of Demosthenes as a means to attack him. In the case of Aristion, a youth from
252:
222:
110:
8696:
6283:
1752:
of Demosthenes: the head is a copy of the bronze posthumous commemorative statue in the
1499:, an opponent of the anti-Macedonian faction, was able to persuade Alexander to relent.
13548:
13445:
13351:
12995:
12912:
12800:
12302:
12126:
11642:
11622:
11479:
11350:
11234:
11029:
10956:
10779:
10749:
10525:
10274:
10213:
9684:
9670:
9662:
9633:
9487:
9465:
9041:
8993:
8894:
8881:
8692:
8571:
8563:
8469:
7834:
7166:
7051:
6633:
6598:
6505:
3840:
3780:
3744:
3440:
3384:
3262:
3154:
3094:
2905:
2876:
2726:
2676:
2605:
2530:
2515:
2448:
2406:
2117:
2062:
1943:
1925:
1700:
1335:
920:
790:
788:, two fierce attacks on individuals who attempted to repeal certain tax exemptions. In
710:
687:
9869:
Demosthenes' "On the Crown": A Critical Case Study of a Masterpiece of Ancient Oratory
6494:
3825:
3592:. Plutarch argued that Demosthenes accepted the bribe out of fear of Meidias's power.
1665:
Plutarch lauds Demosthenes for not being of a fickle disposition. Rebutting historian
13724:
13623:
13210:
12759:
12607:
12559:
12403:
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11344:
11299:
11254:
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10495:
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9905:
Here and in her fiction, Renault portrays Demosthenes as corrupt, cowardly and cruel.
9897:
9881:
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9395:
9376:
9357:
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9262:
9195:
9176:
9157:
9138:
9119:
9088:
9058:
9010:
8962:
8955:
8939:
8920:
8901:
8865:
8846:
8827:
8808:
8777:
8758:
8735:
8709:
8661:
8625:
8597:
8575:
8532:
7877:
7055:
7041:
6735:
A. J. L. Blanshard & T. A. Sowerby, "Thomas Wilson's Demosthenes", 46–47, 51–55;
6637:
6602:
6053:
3436:
3258:
3213:
3191:
3118:
3069:
2925:
2816:
2655:
2650:
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2438:
2399:
2306:
2057:
2002:
1937:
1831:
1469:
1453:
1392:
1298:
1244:
1147:
Demosthenes decided to prosecute his wealthy opponent and wrote the judicial oration
891:(boards) as a source of funding for the Athenian fleet. In 352 BC, he delivered
778:
675:
582:
370:
260:
226:
9802:
8306:
8289:
7032:(in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin.
6777:
A. J. L. Blanshard & T. A. Sowerby, "Thomas Wilson's Demosthenes", 46–47, 51–55.
2600:
13553:
13085:
13050:
12867:
12724:
12602:
12489:
12484:
11809:
11764:
11595:
11502:
11118:
10951:
10936:
10926:
10744:
10704:
10582:
10254:
10193:
10173:
10017:
9766:
The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek Law edited by Michael Gagarin, David Cohen
9733:
9654:
9111:
9103:
9033:
8985:
8731:
8684:
8555:
8194:
7033:
6625:
6590:
3444:
3089:
3034:
2920:
2590:
2416:
2135:
2052:
2045:
1913:
1436:
1404:
1267:
1240:
784:
201:
124:
81:
62:
10112:
9935:
9561:
Reinterpreting Modern Culture: An Introduction to Friedrich Nietzsche's Philosophy
1866:
13568:
13326:
13114:
12927:
12669:
12535:
12467:
11794:
11392:
11374:
11368:
11282:
11259:
11133:
11044:
11004:
10941:
10334:
10259:
10188:
10163:
10106:
10077:
10065:
10053:
9999:
9982:
9970:
9958:
9510:
8723:
8508:
8497:
8476:
8458:
8443:
8438:
8417:
8389:
8361:
8333:
8313:
8296:
8259:
8239:
8209:
8188:
8069:
8051:
7992:
7974:
7956:
7938:
7920:
7902:
7884:
7866:
7841:
7820:
7815:
7804:
7786:
7768:
7638:
7615:
7563:
7548:
7489:
7474:
7450:
7355:
7299:
7257:
7228:
7188:
7173:
6724:
6569:
6554:
6501:
6469:
6431:
6416:
6393:
6366:
6321:
6290:
6149:
6126:
6087:
6036:
6013:
5856:
5827:
5741:
5712:
5541:
5273:
5232:
5183:
5000:
4769:
4712:
4697:
4640:
4603:
4580:
4557:
4542:
4506:
4483:
4460:
4434:
4372:
4353:
4323:
4287:
4251:
4200:
4189:
4155:
4132:
4109:
4053:
4030:
4001:
3935:
3903:
3862:
3847:
3832:
3293:
3197:
3054:
2970:
2786:
2645:
2555:
2520:
2460:
2355:
2301:
2258:
1951:
1644:
1375:
1304:
1253:
1248:
1109:
1058:
1033:
937:
519:
405:
13593:
13306:
9963:
1703:
and was master of enormous mineral wealth. Chris Carey, a professor of Greek in
13450:
13390:
13385:
13341:
13122:
13070:
13060:
13040:
13030:
12774:
12769:
12764:
11617:
11416:
11410:
11398:
11198:
11173:
10946:
10871:
10551:
10419:
10004:
9037:
3236:
2998:
2796:
2630:
2525:
2455:
2345:
2338:
2198:
2130:
1503:
912:
747:, for which the public inscription still survives. In 348 BC, he became a
361:
324:
213:
205:
196:
169:
10046:
9737:
9115:
8559:
8252:
450:, when Demosthenes was an adolescent, his curiosity was noticed by the orator
13753:
13686:
13603:
13578:
13268:
13190:
12872:
12815:
12714:
12704:
12674:
12656:
12530:
11682:
11464:
11356:
11312:
11274:
11113:
11034:
10484:
8807:(in Greek). Translated by Apostolidis, Renos. Credit Bank (Trapeza Pisteos).
8803:(1999). Apostolidis, Renos; Apostolidis, Irkos; Apostolidis, Stantis (eds.).
8688:
7853:
6594:
3614:
3602:
3435:
and not an Athenian citizen. Gylon had suffered banishment at the end of the
3343:(openings of speeches). They were collected for the Library of Alexandria by
3225:
3099:
3084:
2935:
2736:
2595:
2570:
2535:
2382:
2350:
1881:
1871:
1708:
961:
512:
508:
279:
8654:
Burke, Edmund M. (1998). "The Looting of the Estate of the Elder Pericles".
5162:* E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 174 (note 47).
5044:* E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 184 (note 92).
1411:
is said to have remarked: "O King, when Fortune has cast you in the role of
13503:
13455:
13321:
13175:
13045:
12684:
12520:
12026:
11988:
11687:
10799:
10442:
10314:
10244:
10168:
8524:
8451:
4857:
E. M. Harris, "Demosthenes' Speech against Meidias", 117–118; J. H. Vince,
3610:
3601:, but believed that he dropped the charges for political reasons. In 1956,
3146:
3079:
3024:
2625:
2411:
2266:
2235:
2103:
1575:
1528:
1227:
1038:
946:
693:
623:
To make his living, Demosthenes became a professional litigant, both as a "
608:
591:
495:
378:
319:
9658:
1217:, a Greek religious organisation formed to support the greater temples of
13523:
13415:
13395:
13223:
12731:
12709:
12699:
12694:
12617:
12574:
12121:
12031:
12021:
11908:
11898:
11662:
11039:
11014:
10809:
10789:
10659:
10649:
8772:
Cox, Cheryl Anne (1998). "The Nonkinsman, the Oikos, and the Household".
8618:. In Bilde, Pia Guldager; Højte, Jakob Munk; Stolba, Vladimir F. (eds.).
3589:
3344:
3209:
3205:
3162:
3158:
3104:
3064:
3039:
2545:
2229:
2219:
1811:
Demosthenes relied heavily on the different aspects of ethos, especially
1271:, a vehement attack against Philip. In 343 BC Demosthenes delivered
1262:
1156:
1062:
992:
535:
475:
13228:
8567:
7037:
1903:
814:) against individuals accused of illegally proposing legislative texts.
639:), writing speeches for use in private legal suits, and as an advocate (
13460:
13430:
13425:
13410:
13296:
13263:
12932:
12902:
12569:
12297:
12131:
11973:
11968:
11958:
11943:
11928:
11918:
11893:
11269:
11024:
10979:
10829:
10804:
10739:
10734:
10689:
10604:
10535:
10429:
10158:
9666:
9637:
9045:
8482:
8224:
3488:
3452:
3297:
3240:
3217:
3182:
2756:
2635:
2620:
2615:
2394:
2316:
2277:
2191:
2082:
1978:
1791:
1761:
1666:
1632:
1600:
1592:
1502:
According to ancient writers, Demosthenes called Alexander "Margites" (
1362:
At the same time, Athens orchestrated the creation of an alliance with
1293:
1191:
1179:
1092:
973:
941:
851:
539:
499:
287:
230:
9764:
Yunis, Harvey (2005). "The Rhetoric of Law in Fourth-Century Athens".
9024:
Innes, D. C. (2002). "Longinus and Caecilius: Models of the Sublime".
8997:
7019:
6975:
5144:* E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 185–187.
3443:
in Crimaea. According to Aeschines, Gylon received as a gift from the
331:
Demosthenes was born in 384 BC, during the last year of the 98th
13435:
13361:
13346:
13316:
13311:
13243:
13167:
13152:
13137:
13080:
12980:
12632:
12564:
12136:
12116:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12041:
12036:
12006:
11953:
11913:
11692:
11558:
11512:
11492:
11123:
10994:
10764:
10759:
10714:
10709:
10644:
10619:
10609:
10599:
10594:
10540:
10520:
10510:
10500:
10083:
Smith, William: A Smaller History of Ancient Greece-Philip of Macedon
9152:
Macaulay, Thomas Babington (2004). "On Mitford's History of Greece".
8587:(in German). Vol. III, 1 (2nd ed.). Leipzig: B. G. Teubner.
8173:
7810:
7753:
7334:
E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 175, 185.
3643:
3368:
3244:
3216:
praised his speeches for their artful arrangement and elegant style;
3074:
2575:
2505:
2443:
2375:
2289:
2272:
2253:
2248:
2034:
2028:
2007:
1989:
1812:
1719:
1649:
1636:
1580:
1480:
1476:
1416:
1412:
1396:
1379:
1331:
1016:, the threat of Philip would give Demosthenes' stances a focus and a
859:
736:
679:
491:
467:
459:
344:
256:
95:
29:
For other historical and fictional personages named Demosthenes, see
8619:
5453:
E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 188–189.
5087:
E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 183–184.
4953:
E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 181–182.
4802:
E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 177–178.
347:, Demosthenes' greatest political rival, maintained that his mother
13485:
13475:
13465:
13440:
13218:
13185:
13147:
13090:
13005:
12990:
12847:
12837:
12754:
12749:
12146:
12141:
12101:
12096:
12071:
12051:
11978:
11933:
11923:
11779:
11677:
11612:
11540:
11148:
10819:
10774:
10694:
10634:
10614:
10026:
10022:
8989:
8423:
8400:
8372:
8344:
6629:
4918:
E.M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 180–183.
4909:
E.M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 174–175.
3363:, was named in honor of Demosthenes. In 1936, an American botanist
3340:
3166:
2387:
2365:
2283:
2089:
2075:
1886:
1876:
1839:
1805:
1670:
1570:
1513:
1492:
1484:
1419:?" Stung by these words, Philip immediately altered his demeanour.
1347:
1202:
1123:
1119:
1087:
996:
887:
881:
In 354 BC, Demosthenes delivered his first political oration,
698:
575:
527:
447:
431:
366:
348:
332:
217:
13238:
9724:
Worthington, Ian (1986). "The Chronology of the Harpalus Affair".
8396:
8368:
8340:
8160:
8146:
8132:
8118:
8104:
8090:
8076:
8027:
8013:
7999:
7847:
7359:* E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 188.
5252:* E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 187.
5126:* E. M. Burke, "The Early Political Speeches of Demosthenes", 185.
931:
13628:
13618:
13563:
13558:
13543:
13533:
13518:
13513:
13400:
13288:
13278:
13157:
13132:
13127:
13100:
13095:
13075:
13065:
13055:
13020:
13010:
13000:
12952:
12942:
12917:
12882:
12877:
12852:
12505:
12287:
11948:
11938:
11697:
11667:
11657:
11652:
11632:
11627:
11507:
11454:
11163:
11153:
11143:
11138:
11128:
10840:
10784:
10679:
10674:
10095:
SORGLL: Demosthenes, On the Crown 199–208; read by Stephen Daitz
9154:
The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay Volume I
8976:
Harris, Edward M. (1989). "Demosthenes' Speech against Meidias".
8244:
5917:"Advice to Young Men on Greek Literature, Basil of Caesarea, § 8"
2640:
2565:
2560:
2510:
2370:
2360:
2333:
2096:
2040:
1983:
1930:
1891:
1768:
In Demosthenes' initial judicial orations, the influence of both
1588:
1496:
1487:. The Thebans and the Athenians rebelled once again, financed by
1440:
1408:
1400:
1383:
1356:
1344:
1222:
1115:
1052:
951:
885:, in which he espoused moderation and proposed the reform of the
740:
416:
352:
340:
327:, London), Roman copy of a Greek original sculpted by Polyeuktos.
237:
209:
99:
13573:
12887:
10453:
1756:
by Polyeuctus (c. 280 BC); this herm was found in the
1322:
13598:
13528:
13508:
13470:
13336:
13142:
13035:
12972:
12962:
12907:
12525:
12510:
12106:
12091:
12066:
12061:
12046:
11707:
11702:
11469:
11449:
11193:
11183:
11178:
11049:
11009:
10999:
10984:
10769:
10515:
10505:
10059:
Blackwell, Christopher W.: The Assembly during Demosthenes' era
9108:
The Cambridge History of Classical Literature: Greek Literature
8281:
7826:
3451:
in present-day Russia (located within two miles (3 km) of
3432:
3187:
3049:
3044:
2585:
2580:
2540:
2321:
2296:
2224:
2158:
2124:
2111:
2022:
1996:
1769:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1281:
1280:
In 343 BC, Macedonian forces were conducting campaigns in
1218:
1210:
1206:
1195:
1152:
1097:
991:
In 352 BC, Athenian troops successfully opposed Philip at
985:
908:
518:
It has also been said that Demosthenes paid Isaeus 10,000
503:
487:
483:
471:
466:, a major modern Greek historian, Demosthenes was a student of
297:
66:
3408:
1403:. Such was Philip's hatred for Demosthenes that, according to
157:
13608:
13583:
13480:
13420:
13405:
13273:
13233:
12985:
12897:
12892:
12862:
12857:
12832:
12515:
12056:
12011:
11963:
11535:
11487:
11188:
11158:
11105:
11080:
11019:
10989:
10794:
10669:
10654:
8527:(2002). "The Road to Prominence". In Worthington, Ian (ed.).
3618:
was delivered in court, and that Aeschines' story was a lie.
3571:
3448:
2610:
2165:
2151:
1749:
1640:
1507:
1184:
1050:
1042:
977:
955:
873:
867:
845:
839:
833:
827:
820:
807:
799:
730:
724:
648:
640:
634:
628:
479:
446:
improved his oratory skill. According to a story repeated by
739:, being responsible for the outfitting and maintenance of a
148:
13613:
13588:
13538:
13025:
13015:
9250:
Harper's Dictionary Of Classical Literature And Antiquities
7021:
Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition
3605:
partly challenged Böckh's conclusions, when he argued that
3505:
3492:
the space of four years after he had reached his majority.
3480:
3253:(a series of 85 essays arguing for the ratification of the
3014:
1234:
336:
151:
9278:
Demosthenes and the Last Days of Greek Freedom 384–322 B.C
7493:* E.M. Harris, "Demosthenes' Speech against Meidias", 118.
7114:
D. Braund, "The Bosporan Kings and Classical Athens", 200.
6616:
Wooten, Cecil (1999). "A Triple Division in Demosthenes".
4861:, I, Intro. xii; N. Worman, "Insult and Oral Excess", 1–2.
1395:
of the Athenian and Theban confederates into a plain near
139:
9993:
Works by and about Demosthenes at Perseus Digital Library
9443:. Vol. 49. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 45–66.
5096:
First Philippic 28, cited by J. H. Vince, pp. 84–85 note
3692:
Blass disputes the authorship of the following speeches:
1037:(351–350 BC) was preparedness and the reform of the
130:
6052:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 274–5.
4896:
E. Badian, "The Road to Prominence", 29–30; K. Tsatsos,
3427:
According to Edward Cohen, professor of Classics at the
478:
and the Roman biographer Hermippus, he was a student of
343:
in the Athenian countryside, was a wealthy sword-maker.
8749:
Cohen, Edward (2002). "The Local Residents of Attica".
5897:
5895:
1422:
1399:, where he defeated them. Demosthenes fought as a mere
9707:
Oral Performance and its Context edited by C.J. MacKie
7746:
6480:
C. Wooten, "Cicero's Reactions to Demosthenes", 38–40.
6435:* D.C. Innes, "Longinus and Caecilius", 262 (note 10).
1343:. During a meeting of the council, Philip accused the
9598:
The Rhetoric of the Past in Demosthenes and Aeschines
9335:
Ancient Greece against Violence (translated in Greek)
9007:
Bodily Arts: Rhetoric and Athletics in Ancient Greece
7649:
I. Apostolidis, note 1229 (with further references),
6299:* C. Wooten, "Cicero's Reactions to Demosthenes", 39.
3447:
rulers a place called "the Gardens" in the colony of
160:
154:
142:
9411:
Demosthenes und seine Zeit (in German). Third Volume
7502:
E.M. Harris, "Demosthenes' Speech against Meidias",
7103:
The Looting of the Estates of the Elder Demosthenes,
7092:, 76; "Demosthenes". Encyclopaedia The Helios. 1952.
5892:
1167:
932:
First Philippic and the Olynthiacs (351–349 BC)
216:
during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned
127:
36:
Classical Athenian statesman and orator (384–322 BC)
10142:
10100:
Libanius, Hypotheses to the Orations of Demosthenes
10047:
Beck, Sanderson: Philip, Demosthenes, and Alexander
9589:
Biography of Demosthenes in "Demosthenes' Orations"
8657:
Classica et Mediaevalia V. 49 edited by Ole Thomsen
6994:
A.C.Sm. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
6703:
C. Wooten, "Cicero's Reactions to Demosthenes", 37.
183:
136:
133:
9896:
9683:
9509:
9486:
9440:The Looting of the Estate of the Elder Demosthenes
8954:
8893:
8880:
7362:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6186:
6184:
3948:The Looting of the Estate of the Elder Demosthenes
1122:, a large religious festival in honour of the god
862:to indict individuals for treason, invoked in the
10071:Britannica online: Macedonian supremacy in Greece
8843:Studien zur politischen Biographie des Hypereides
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
3811:* D. C. Innes, 'Longinus and Caecilius", 277–279.
3541:(341–340 BC), he defended theoric spending.
3339:In addition to the speeches, there are fifty-six
1475:In 335 BC Alexander felt free to engage the
13751:
10581:
9838:
9540:Usher, Stephen (1999). "Demosthenes Symboulos".
8957:The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes
8548:International Journal of the Classical Tradition
8545:
7026:Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition
6968:""Demosthenian, Notes from a Polite New Yorker""
6205:Demosthenes and the Last Days of Greek Freedom ,
6050:The Athenian democracy in the age of Demosthenes
5886:"Harpokration, Lexicon of the Ten Orators, § m6"
5880:
5878:
5802:A History of Greece by the Rev. Connop Thirlwall
5746:
4256:
4217:D. M. MacDowell, Demosthenes the Orator, ch. 3 (
309:
11076:
9235:
8824:Performance and Identity in the Classical World
6583:Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric
6210:
6181:
5990:Performance and Identity in the Classical World
5656:
5630:
5587:
1427:
1359:, and restored the fortifications of the city.
1311:
926:
13790:People who died under the regency of Antipater
9371:Rhodes, P. J. (2005). "Philip II of Macedon".
9217:
5508:
5425:
5284:
5237:
5188:
4814:
4747:Demosthenes and the Last Days of Greek Freedom
4206:Demosthenes and the Last Days of Greek Freedom
4093:
4091:
4089:
10856:
10567:
10469:
10128:
9841:The Cambridge History of Classical Literature
9839:Easterling P. E., Knox Bernard M. W. (1985).
9257:Phillips, David (2004). "Philip and Athens".
9175:(digital ed.). Oxford University Press.
7456:
6348:
5875:
5456:
5311:
5309:
5165:
3887:
3885:
3866:* D. C. Innes, 'Longinus and Caecilius", 277.
3300:of the tenth and eleventh centuries AD.
3126:
1564:
1464:. The Macedonian citizens swiftly proclaimed
1235:Second and Third Philippics (344–341 BC)
278:, called Demosthenes one of the ten greatest
9862:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University press.
9558:
9222:. The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche.
7130:
6371:
6315:Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
6309:
6307:
6305:
6272:
6233:
6231:
5524:
3479:According to the tenth century encyclopedia
1261:In 344 BC Demosthenes travelled to the
1100:against Philip, which ended in a stalemate.
1017:
1009:
9723:
9704:
9681:
9259:Athenian Political Oratory: 16 Key Speeches
7400:
6780:
5949:
5255:
4811:E. Badian, "The Road to Prominence", 29–30.
4785:
4783:
4679:
4266:, 233–235; K. Paparregopoulus, Ab, 396–398.
4086:
2767:A Dialogue Concerning Oratorical Partitions
1789:
1519:
1205:and elsewhere. Finally, peace was sworn at
1103:
980:, Athens had been formally at war with the
704:
429:
421:
388:
382:
314:
301:
291:
145:
13825:People associated with Alexander the Great
11742:
10863:
10849:
10574:
10560:
10476:
10462:
10135:
10121:
9829:
9332:
9313:
9243:(in Greek). Vol. Ab. Eleftheroudakis.
7597:
7530:
7304:
7193:
6926:
6825:
6438:
5723:
5552:
5306:
5214:
5103:
5021:
5005:
4347:The Attic Orators from Antiphon to Isaeos.
4211:
3961:"Demosthenes – Greek statesman and orator"
3882:
3133:
3119:
1114:In 348 BC a peculiar event occurred:
923:is hotly disputed among modern scholars).
56:
9604:
9226:
9170:
9102:Kennedy, George A. (1985). "Oratory". In
9075:The Attic Orators from Antiphon to Isaeos
8878:
8613:"The Bosporan Kings and Classical Athens"
7677:
7017:
6939:
6806:
6302:
6260:, 12–14; K. Paparregopoulus, Ab, 396–398.
6228:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6131:
6092:
5798:
5682:
5209:The Rhetoric of Law in 4th Century Athens
4890:
4524:
4377:
3371:, which were native to south America, as
3268:
1415:, are you not ashamed to act the part of
1008:, a French philologist and member of the
371:inarticulate and stammering pronunciation
9800:
9595:
9542:Greek Oratory: Tradition and Originality
9408:
9294:
9256:
9231:. Plethron (from the Greek translation).
9209:Murphy, James J. (2002). "Demosthenes".
9151:
9082:
8933:
8722:
8591:
7069:
6882:
6856:
6684:
6650:Grenville Kleiser, Great Speeches, p 124
6197:
6110:
6108:
6071:
6069:
5838:
5147:
4982:
4944:E. Badian, "The Road to Prominence", 36.
4780:
4619:E. Badian, "The Road to Prominence", 16.
4615:
4613:
4073:
4070:E. Badian, "The Road to Prominence", 18.
4035:
3914:E. Badian, "The Road to Prominence", 11.
3181:
2857:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style
1744:
1574:
1431:
1321:
1252:
945:
602:
553:
318:
9894:
9875:
9857:
9820:
9591:. Papyros (from the Greek translation).
9530:
9436:
9417:
9351:
9275:
9101:
8914:
8799:
7687:, III, 111, 178, 247 and 257; H. Weil,
7664:
7496:
7155:
6965:
6869:
6536:
5982:
5472:
5409:
5379:
5353:
5331:
4390:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4292:
1330:In 341 BC Demosthenes was sent to
14:
13752:
12796:
9866:
9816:. New York: Funk and Wagnalls Company.
9814:The world's famous orations (Volume 1)
9644:
9623:
9507:
9373:A History of the Classical Greek World
9370:
9208:
9072:Jebb, Sir Richard Claverhouse (1876).
9052:
9004:
8978:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
8975:
8952:
8859:
8840:
8821:
8610:
8585:Die Attische Beredsamkeit: Demosthenes
8523:
8220:On the Admirable Style of Demosthenes.
6793:
6677:D.C. Innes, 'Longinus and Caecilius",
6615:
6483:
6163:
6047:
5966:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5617:
5129:
4444:
4442:
4403:
3940:
3367:named a genus of shrubs in the family
1168:Peace of Philocrates (347–345 BC)
995:, but the Macedonian victory over the
229:, writing speeches for use in private
200:; 384 – 12 October 322 BC) was a
195:
13805:Greek politicians who died by suicide
13653:
12795:
12224:
11728:
11075:
10895:
10844:
10555:
10457:
10116:
9811:
9791:
9763:
9744:
9577:
9539:
9512:The Greek World in the Fourth Century
9484:
9189:
9023:
8891:
8748:
8703:
8674:
8653:
8582:
7513:
6580:
6379:On the Admirable Style of Demosthenes
6295:On the Admirable Style of Demosthenes
6244:
6105:
6066:
5940:
5774:The Greek World in the Fourth Century
4610:
4562:
3917:
3060:Rhetoric of social intervention model
1583:, where Demosthenes died by suicide.
1452:. In 337 BC, Philip created the
13264:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
10896:
9586:
9420:Nursery Realms edited by G. Westfahl
9418:Slusser, G. (1999). "Ender's Game".
9389:
9247:
9132:
9071:
8516:
7210:
6706:
6451:
6223:A Short History of Greek Literature,
5903:"Plutarch, Life of Demosthenes, §23"
5869:"Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon, §160"
5695:
5480:Aspects of Greek History 750–323 BC,
4717:
4358:
4328:
4012:
3983:
3869:
3814:
3194:and Demosthenes Taunted by Aeschines
1822:
1579:The site of the temple of Poseidon,
1495:, a special Athenian embassy led by
1423:Last political initiatives and death
10325:Against Nausimachus and Xenopeithes
9316:A Short History of Greek Literature
9135:Ancient Rhetoric and Paul's Apology
8793:Encyclopaedic Dictionary The Helios
8771:
7747:Primary sources (Greeks and Romans)
7715:Ancient Rhetoric and Paul's Apology
5923:
4829:A Short History of Greek Literature
4488:
4439:
4233:
3775:from the original on 4 August 2016.
3570:accumulation of plosive pi sounds:
3257:) and for the major orators of the
3153:, regarded his oratory as sublime.
1740:
1660:
397:during 363 and 362 BC and two
24:
12225:
10870:
9801:Brodribb, William Jackson (1877).
9784:
9218:Nietzsche, Friedrich (1909–1913).
9083:Kapparis, Konstantinos A. (1999).
8938:. University of Pittsburgh Press.
8900:. University of California Press.
8896:Alexander of Macedon, 356–323 B.C.
8864:. University of California Press.
3764:
3737:
3686:
3666:
3653:
3636:
3624:
3582:
3547:
3531:
3514:
3498:
3473:
3461:
3421:
1090:, an ally of Athens. In the three
563:Jean-Jules-Antoine Lecomte du Nouy
549:
25:
13836:
10483:
9910:
9647:The American Journal of Philology
9607:Hypereides: the Forensic Speeches
9559:Van Tongeren, Paul J. M. (1999).
9239:(1925). Karolidis, Pavlos (ed.).
8529:Demosthenes: Statesman and Orator
5062:* G. Kennedy, "Oratory", 519–520.
3971:from the original on 9 March 2018
3292:(some however are pseudonymous).
1312:Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)
486:, a Roman-Syrian rhetorician and
13780:4th-century BC Greek politicians
13733:
13723:
13714:
13713:
10030:
9812:Bryan, William Jennings (1906).
9578:Vince, J. H. (1930). "Preface".
9394:. University of Michigan Press.
8961:. University of Oklahoma State.
8395:
8367:
8339:
8159:
8145:
8131:
8117:
8103:
8089:
8075:
8026:
8012:
7998:
7846:
7724:
7707:
7694:
7643:
7620:
7568:
7432:
7419:
7337:
7328:
7281:
7268:
7239:
7143:
7117:
7108:
7095:
7082:
7011:
6982:
6959:
6917:
6908:
6899:
6842:
6771:
6758:
6745:
6729:
6697:
6671:
6653:
6644:
6609:
6574:
6523:
6510:
6474:
6398:
6339:
6326:
6263:
6160:K. Paparregopoulus, Ab, 396–398.
6154:
6041:
6018:
5995:
5909:
5861:
5809:
5792:
5779:
5766:
5690:A History of the Classical World
4607:* G. Kennedy, "Oratory", 517–18.
3350:
1846:
1679:
1612:
1532:
1128:
1067:
757:
723:Demosthenes was admitted to his
655:
411:In his speeches, Aeschines uses
123:
92:12 October 322 BC (aged 62)
13734:
9422:. University of Georgia Press.
9354:Renaissance Debates on Rhetoric
9333:Romilly de, Jacqueline (2001).
9318:. University of Chicago Press.
9314:Romilly de, Jacqueline (1996).
8879:Goldstein, Jonathan A. (1968).
8034:For the Freedom of the Rhodians
6966:Sheehan, Matt (15 March 2003).
6766:Renaissance Debates on Rhetoric
6269:G. Kennedy, "Oratory", 514–515.
6239:On Mitford's History of Greece,
5565:
5485:
5447:
5201:
5196:Ancient Greece against Violence
5090:
5081:
5065:
5047:
5013:For the Liberty of the Rhodians
4969:
4956:
4947:
4938:
4921:
4912:
4903:
4877:
4864:
4851:
4834:
4805:
4796:
4752:
4739:
4730:
4666:
4651:
4622:
4585:
4511:
4465:
4416:
4305:
4269:
4171:
4137:
4114:
4064:
3523:University of California, Davis
964:, c. 2nd century BC (
897:On the Liberty of the Rhodians.
618:
10360:Against Evergus and Mnesibulus
10219:On the Liberty of the Rhodians
9867:Murphy, James J., ed. (1967).
9843:. Cambridge University Press.
9821:Butcher, Samuel Henry (1888).
9792:Adams, Charles Darwin (1927).
9768:. Cambridge University Press.
9749:. Cambridge University Press.
9531:Tsatsos, Konstantinos (1975).
9493:. Cambridge University Press.
9241:History of the Hellenic Nation
9171:MacDowell, Douglas M. (2009).
9137:. Cambridge University Press.
9110:. Cambridge University Press.
8953:Hansen, Mogens Herman (1999).
8826:. Cambridge University Press.
8805:History of Alexander the Great
8795:(in Greek). Vol. 5. 1952.
8776:. Princeton University Press.
7674:, III, 1, 404–406 and 542–546.
7655:History of Alexander the Great
7580:History of Alexander the Great
5943:A history of Greece, Volume 12
4758:Packard Humanities Institute,
4657:G. Kennedy, "Oratory", 498–500
3953:
3908:
3799:
3758:
3738:
3709:Against Evergus and Mnesibulus
3687:
3667:
3654:
3637:
3625:
3583:
3548:
3532:
3515:
3499:
3474:
3462:
3422:
1655:
719:On the Liberty of the Rhodians
559:Demosthenes Practising Oratory
13:
1:
11335:
11322:
11303:
11286:
10438:Demosthenes's Funeral Oration
10229:On the Accession of Alexander
10014:Works by or about Demosthenes
9880:. Chico, CA: Scholars press.
9794:Demosthenes and His Influence
9709:. Brill Academic Publishers.
9686:Alexander the Great: A Reader
9248:Peck, Harry Thurston (1898).
9227:Nietzsche, Friedrich (1975).
9106:; Knox, Bernard M. W (eds.).
9057:. Walter de Gruyter Company.
9009:. University of Texas Press.
8708:. University of Texas Press.
8596:. Brill Academic Publishers.
8262:. Translated into English by
8057:Demosthenes (or Hegesippus),
7819:. Translated into English by
6820:Reinterpreting Modern Culture
5530:Demosthenes (or Hegesippus),
3751:
3399:Timeline of Demosthenes' life
3357:Demosthenian Literary Society
3190:Going to the Public Baths as
3030:List of feminist rhetoricians
1292:), an Athenian general named
1104:Case of Meidias (348 BC)
310:Early years and personal life
296:("the standard of oratory").
13795:People with speech disorders
12463:Funeral and burial practices
11648:Military of Mycenaean Greece
9941:Resources in other libraries
9830:Clemenceau, Georges (1926).
9807:. J. B. Lippincott & co.
9508:Tritle, Lawrence A. (1997).
9356:. Cornell University Press.
9237:Paparrigopoulos, Constantine
8917:Ancient Rhetoric and Oratory
8887:. Columbia University Press.
8303:The Illiterate Book-Fancier.
7440:Philip's Letter to Athenians
5372:, 102–105; D. M. MacDowell,
4929:Ancient Rhetoric and Oratory
3729:On the Treaty with Alexander
3165:. According to Professor of
3020:Glossary of rhetorical terms
1428:Confrontation with Alexander
1318:Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)
1051:
956:
927:Confrontation with Philip II
899:In both speeches he opposed
874:
846:
834:
821:
808:
725:
649:
635:
440:
31:Demosthenes (disambiguation)
7:
10029:(public domain audiobooks)
9903:. New York, Pantheon Books.
9860:Art of Persuasion in Greece
9858:Kennedy, George A. (1963).
9609:. Oxford University Press.
9580:Demosthenes Orations Vol. 1
9563:. Purdue University Press.
9544:. Oxford University Press.
8915:Habinek, Thomas N. (2004).
8660:. Museum Tusculanum Press.
8624:. Aarhus University Press.
8409:. See the original text in
8381:. See the original text in
8353:. See the original text in
8061:. See the original text in
8043:. See the original text in
7876:. See the original text in
7833:. See the original text in
7586:, 308–313; I. Worthington,
6914:G. Kennedy, "Oratory", 514.
6905:G. Kennedy, "Oratory", 500.
6801:Men and Forces of Our Time,
6345:G. Kennedy, "Oratory", 519.
4736:G. Kennedy, "Oratory", 516.
4398:The Illiterate Book-Fancier
3483:, Demosthenes studied with
3378:
2867:Language as Symbolic Action
1673:, a Greek historian of the
751:, paying the expenses of a
581:As a boy Demosthenes had a
464:Constantine Paparrigopoulos
184:
10:
13841:
13815:Suicides in Ancient Greece
12387:Greek Revival architecture
11729:
9600:. Oxford University Press.
9352:Rebhorn, Wayne A. (1999).
9297:Athenian Political Oratory
9192:Men and Forces of Our Time
9133:Long, Fredrick J. (2004).
9085:Apollodoros Against Neaira
9038:10.1163/156852502760185261
8883:The Letters of Demosthenes
8755:Princeton University Press
8216:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
7794:The Speech on the Embassy.
7741:
7732:The Letters of Demosthenes
7685:Demosthenes und seine Zeit
7574:I. Apostolidis, note 1219
7393:, ch. 13; I. Worthington,
6998:Plants of the World Online
6923:G Kennedy, "Oratory", 510.
6894:Apollodoros against Neaira
5799:Thirlwall, Connop (1839).
4977:Athenian Political Oratory
4933:Athenian Political Oratory
3572:
3429:University of Pennsylvania
3375:in honour of Demosthenes.
3272:
3255:United States Constitution
1778:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
1568:
1565:Case of Harpalus and death
1526:
1508:
1315:
1238:
1171:
1107:
1043:
935:
868:
840:
828:
800:
731:
708:
641:
629:
28:
13709:
13660:
13654:
13649:
13494:
13371:
13360:
13287:
13209:
13166:
13113:
12971:
12823:
12814:
12810:
12791:
12740:
12655:
12593:
12555:
12548:
12498:
12458:
12449:
12371:
12248:
12244:
12220:
12186:
12155:
11997:
11884:
11828:
11795:Attalid kings of Pergamon
11750:
11741:
11737:
11724:
11603:Antigonid Macedonian army
11576:
11549:
11521:
11478:
11435:
11426:
11268:
11207:
11104:
11100:
11071:
10970:
10919:
10915:
10891:
10878:
10590:
10491:
10428:
10237:
10151:
9936:Resources in your library
9871:. New York: Random House.
9747:Demosthenes: On the Crown
9738:10.1080/00397678608590798
9682:Worthington, Ian (2003).
9605:Whitehead, David (2000).
9582:. Loeb Classical Library.
9409:Schaefer, Arnold (1885).
9116:10.1017/CHOL9780521210423
8860:Gibson, Graig A. (2002).
8841:Engels, Johannes (1989).
8583:Blass, Friedrich (1893).
8560:10.1007/s12138-005-0010-7
8489:See the original text in
8430:See the original text in
8325:See the original text in
8286:Demosthenes, An Encomium.
8231:See the original text in
8201:See the original text in
8180:See the original text in
7984:See the original text in
7966:See the original text in
7948:See the original text in
7930:See the original text in
7912:See the original text in
7796:See the original text in
7778:See the original text in
7760:See the original text in
7672:Die attische Beredsamkeit
7276:Demosthenes: On the Crown
7018:Burkhardt, Lotte (2018).
6954:Die Attische Beredsamkeit
6877:Die attische Beredsamkeit
6864:Demosthenes: On the Crown
6851:Demosthenes: On The Crown
6833:Demosthenes: On The Crown
6818:* P. J. M. Van Tongeren,
6531:Demosthenes: On The Crown
5263:The Speech on the Embassy
4885:Demosthenes: On The Crown
4872:Demosthenes: On The Crown
4775:Demosthenes: On the Crown
4768:16 September 2017 at the
4702:The Speech on the Embassy
4661:Demosthenes: On The Crown
4547:The Speech on the Embassy
4519:Demosthenes: On the Crown
4371:24 September 2015 at the
3721:Answer to Philip's Letter
3359:, founded in 1803 at the
2777:De Optimo Genere Oratorum
1716:Thomas Babington Macaulay
1010:
598:
490:, lists the philosophers
303:inter omnis unus excellat
276:Aristarchus of Samothrace
272:Aristophanes of Byzantium
263:, Antipater's confidant.
173:
106:
88:
74:
55:
48:
41:
13820:4th-century BC diplomats
13775:4th-century BC Athenians
10280:Against Aristogeiton 1-2
10076:18 November 2008 at the
9969:28 December 2007 at the
9876:Pearson, Lionel (1981).
9375:. Blackwell Publishing.
9295:Phillips, David (2004).
9194:. Kessinger Publishing.
9156:. Kessinger Publishing.
8934:Hamilton, J. R. (1974).
8919:. Blackwell Publishing.
8697:10.1525/ca.2002.21.2.165
8689:10.1525/ca.2002.21.2.165
8621:The Cauldron of Ariantas
8457:5 September 2020 at the
8332:24 February 2021 at the
8258:24 December 2018 at the
8068:22 November 2020 at the
8050:22 November 2020 at the
7689:Biography of Demosthenes
7508:Biography of Demosthenes
7205:Biography of Demosthenes
6948:Encyclopaedia The Helios
6837:Biography of Demosthenes
6595:10.1525/rh.2007.25.4.339
6148:30 November 2011 at the
5961:Encyclopaedia The Helios
5677:Biography of Demosthenes
5651:Biography of Demosthenes
5231:17 November 2022 at the
4300:Demosthenes, An Encomium
4226:Encyclopaedia The Helios
3877:Biography of Demosthenes
3439:for allegedly betraying
3390:
3261:. French Prime Minister
1466:Alexander III of Macedon
705:Early political activity
544:Illiterate Book-Fancier,
534:, a Greek professor and
315:Family and personal life
204:statesman and orator in
49:
10380:On the Trierarcic Crown
9899:The nature of Alexander
9489:Greek and Latin Letters
9485:Trapp, Michael (2003).
9276:Pickard, A. W. (2003).
9211:Encyclopædia Britannica
9053:Jaeger, Werner (1938).
8507:20 January 2012 at the
8491:Perseus Digital Library
8468:See Charles Barcroft's
8450:See Charles Barcroft's
8437:3 February 2021 at the
8432:Perseus Digital Library
8411:Perseus Digital Library
8383:Perseus Digital Library
8355:Perseus Digital Library
8327:Perseus Digital Library
8233:Perseus Digital Library
8203:Perseus Digital Library
8182:Perseus Digital Library
8063:Perseus Digital Library
8045:Perseus Digital Library
7986:Perseus Digital Library
7973:29 October 2020 at the
7968:Perseus Digital Library
7950:Perseus Digital Library
7932:Perseus Digital Library
7919:9 November 2020 at the
7914:Perseus Digital Library
7894:. See original text in
7860:Perseus Digital Library
7798:Perseus Digital Library
7780:Perseus Digital Library
7762:Perseus Digital Library
7719:Greek and Latin Letters
7523:, 20; Pseudo-Plutarch,
7449:4 November 2020 at the
7323:Biography of Demothenes
7313:Encyclopædia Britannica
6739:Encyclopædia Britannica
6048:Hansen, Mogens (1991).
4411:Biography of Demothenes
3965:Encyclopædia Britannica
3861:20 January 2012 at the
3149:, such as Longinus and
2717:De Sophisticis Elenchis
1754:Ancient Agora of Athens
701:to military purposes).
197:[dɛːmostʰénɛːs]
11829:Artists & scholars
11744:List of ancient Greeks
11381:Second Athenian League
11230:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
11055:Ancient Greek colonies
10224:For the Megalopolitans
9895:Renault, Mary (1975).
9878:The art of Demosthenes
9745:Yunis, Harvey (2001).
9596:Westwood, Guy (2020).
9190:Marcu, Valeru (2005).
9173:Demosthenes the Orator
9005:Hawhee, Debra (2005).
8862:Interpreting a Classic
8801:Droysen, Johann Gustav
8611:Braund, David (2003).
8323:Description of Greece.
7582:, 719–720; J. Engels,
7408:Demosthenes the Orator
7391:Demosthenes the Orator
6890:Interpreting a Classic
6753:Interpreting a Classic
5959:, 301; "Demosthenes".
5945:. London: John Murray.
5941:Grote, George (1856).
5582:Demosthenes the Orator
5547:Demosthenes the Orator
5499:Demosthenes the Orator
5442:Demosthenes the Orator
5404:Demosthenes the Orator
5374:Demosthenes the Orator
5279:Demosthenes the Orator
4964:The Athenian Democracy
4842:Demosthenes the Orator
4059:Demosthenes the Orator
4007:Demosthenes the Orator
3269:Works and transmission
3201:
3180:
2837:De doctrina Christiana
2827:Dialogus de oratoribus
2747:Rhetorica ad Herennium
1973:Captatio benevolentiae
1790:
1765:
1738:
1728:
1584:
1444:
1327:
1258:
1057:) to be paid only ten
1018:
1001:Battle of Crocus Field
969:
893:For the Megalopolitans
715:For the Megalopolitans
615:
566:
430:
422:
389:
383:
328:
302:
292:
12948:Sybaris on the Traeis
11673:Sacred Band of Thebes
11413:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
10927:Cycladic civilization
10685:Demetrius of Phalerum
10355:Against Stephanos 1-2
10285:Against Aphobus 1-2-3
10105:12 March 2007 at the
10064:11 March 2007 at the
9957:11 March 2007 at the
9825:. Macmillan & co.
9796:. New York: Longmans.
9659:10.1353/ajp.2004.0011
9626:The Classical Journal
9437:Thomsen, Ole (1998).
9280:. Gorgias Press LLC.
9087:. Walter de Gruyter.
8892:Green, Peter (1992).
8822:Dunkan, Anne (2006).
8704:Carey, Chris (2000).
8592:Bolansie, J. (1999).
8475:6 August 2011 at the
8388:23 March 2021 at the
8251:See original text in
8238:20 March 2021 at the
7991:31 March 2021 at the
7946:Against Aristocrates.
7901:11 March 2021 at the
7858:See original text in
7704:, 268, 317, 353, 463.
7605:Description of Greece
7187:29 March 2006 at the
6892:, 1; K. A. Kapparis,
3361:University of Georgia
3282:Library of Alexandria
3273:Further information:
3250:The Federalist Papers
3185:
3175:
3005:Communication studies
2847:De vulgari eloquentia
2707:Rhetoric to Alexander
1748:
1733:
1724:
1578:
1569:Further information:
1435:
1325:
1316:Further information:
1256:
1239:Further information:
1172:Further information:
1108:Further information:
1006:Jacqueline de Romilly
966:Cabinet des Médailles
949:
936:Further information:
895:and, in 351 BC,
753:theatrical production
606:
557:
462:and philosopher, and
323:Bust of Demosthenes (
322:
13800:Philip II of Macedon
12473:mythological figures
12194:Ancient Greek tribes
11319:Peloponnesian League
10405:Against Dionysodorus
10365:Against Olympiodorus
10270:Against Aristocrates
10250:On the False Embassy
10023:Works by Demosthenes
10005:Works by Demosthenes
9998:15 June 2021 at the
9587:Weil, Henri (1975).
9392:The Staff of Oedipus
9390:Rose, M. L. (2003).
9220:Beyond Good and Evil
8845:(in German). Tuduv.
8728:Philip II of Macedon
8641:on 28 September 2007
8594:Herrmippos of Smyrna
8416:29 July 2020 at the
8360:29 July 2020 at the
8229:Against Demosthenes.
8208:2 March 2021 at the
8187:15 June 2021 at the
8178:Against Demosthenes.
8097:On the False Embassy
7883:22 June 2015 at the
7865:1 March 2021 at the
7840:29 June 2011 at the
7803:15 June 2021 at the
7785:15 June 2021 at the
7767:15 June 2021 at the
7702:Demosthenes Orations
7263:The Staff of Oedipus
7172:29 June 2011 at the
6814:Beyond Good and Evil
6500:29 June 2011 at the
6415:22 June 2015 at the
6289:22 June 2015 at the
6035:29 July 2020 at the
6012:29 July 2020 at the
5787:Alexander of Macedon
5675:, 284–285; H. Weil,
5433:On the False Embassy
5370:Philip II of Macedon
5348:Philip II of Macedon
5326:Philip II of Macedon
5301:Philip II of Macedon
5037:On the False Embassy
4990:Against Aristocrates
4859:Demosthenes Orations
4674:Demosthenes Orations
3846:22 June 2015 at the
3831:29 June 2011 at the
3594:Philipp August Böckh
3563:Douglas M. MacDowell
3365:Albert Charles Smith
3275:Works of Demosthenes
1808:as superior to him.
1489:Darius III of Persia
1458:Cleopatra of Macedon
1341:Amphictyonic Council
1274:On the False Embassy
1174:Peace of Philocrates
866:by a process called
796:Against Aristocrates
532:Konstantinos Tsatsos
242:Philip II of Macedon
12585:Tunnel of Eupalinos
12580:Theatre of Dionysus
12204:Ancient Macedonians
11820:Tyrants of Syracuse
11332:Amphictyonic League
10932:Minoan civilization
10390:Against Nicostratus
10330:Against Boeotus 1-2
10320:Against Pantaenetus
10290:Against Ontenor 1-2
10052:1 July 2006 at the
9981:22 May 2013 at the
9535:. Estia (in Greek).
9229:Lessons of Rhetoric
9078:. Macmillan and Co.
8936:Alexander the Great
8751:The Athenian Nation
8677:Classical Antiquity
8496:31 May 2021 at the
8312:12 May 2006 at the
8295:12 May 2006 at the
7982:Against Zenothemis.
7955:20 May 2012 at the
7892:On the Twelve Years
7657:, 725; K. Tsatsos,
7637:20 May 2012 at the
7614:20 May 2012 at the
7562:20 May 2012 at the
7553:Against Demosthenes
7547:20 May 2012 at the
7488:20 May 2012 at the
7473:20 May 2012 at the
7395:Alexander the Great
7389:* D. M. MacDowell,
7354:20 May 2012 at the
7298:20 May 2012 at the
7256:20 May 2012 at the
7227:20 May 2012 at the
7138:Lessons of Rhetoric
7090:The Athenian Nation
7077:The Athenian Nation
7038:10.3372/epolist2018
6723:20 May 2012 at the
6618:Classical Philology
6568:20 May 2012 at the
6518:Lessons of Rhetoric
6468:20 May 2012 at the
6446:Hermippos of Smyrna
6430:20 May 2012 at the
6392:20 May 2012 at the
6381:, 56; Quintillian,
6365:20 May 2012 at the
6320:20 May 2012 at the
6125:20 May 2012 at the
6086:20 May 2012 at the
5855:20 May 2012 at the
5833:Alexander the Great
5826:20 May 2012 at the
5817:On the Twelve Years
5740:20 May 2012 at the
5711:20 May 2012 at the
5580:* D. M. MacDowell,
5540:20 May 2012 at the
5497:* D. M. MacDowell,
5440:* D. M. MacDowell,
5402:* D. M. MacDowell,
5277:* D. M. MacDowell,
5272:20 May 2012 at the
5182:20 May 2012 at the
4999:20 May 2012 at the
4931:, 21; D. Phillips,
4711:20 May 2012 at the
4696:20 May 2012 at the
4639:20 May 2012 at the
4602:20 May 2012 at the
4579:20 May 2012 at the
4556:20 May 2012 at the
4541:20 May 2012 at the
4505:20 May 2012 at the
4482:20 May 2012 at the
4459:20 May 2012 at the
4433:20 May 2012 at the
4352:20 May 2012 at the
4322:20 May 2012 at the
4286:20 May 2012 at the
4264:Lessons of Rhetoric
4250:20 May 2012 at the
4199:20 May 2012 at the
4188:20 May 2012 at the
4166:Household Interests
4154:20 May 2012 at the
4131:20 May 2012 at the
4108:20 May 2012 at the
4057:* D. M. MacDowell,
4052:20 May 2012 at the
4029:20 May 2012 at the
4005:* D. M. MacDowell,
4000:20 May 2012 at the
3934:20 May 2012 at the
3902:20 May 2012 at the
3705:Against Stephanus 2
3222:Bishop of Salisbury
3171:Life of Demosthenes
3010:Composition studies
2941:Health and medicine
2807:Institutio Oratoria
2014:Eloquentia perfecta
1802:Demetrius Phalereus
1758:Circus of Maxentius
1675:Mediterranean world
1462:Alexander of Epirus
1290:Gallipoli Peninsula
1215:Amphictyonic League
1183:officially sent to
613:Life of Demosthenes
524:Sir Richard C. Jebb
456:Friedrich Nietzsche
253:Alexander the Great
13810:Suicides by poison
13259:Menestheus's Limin
12913:Pandosia (Lucania)
12801:Greek colonisation
12163:Athenian statesmen
11924:Diogenes of Sinope
11785:Kings of Macedonia
11775:Kings of Commagene
11643:Macedonian phalanx
11623:Hellenistic armies
11371:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
11235:Indo-Greek Kingdom
10957:Hellenistic Greece
10415:Against Theocrines
10345:Against Macartatus
10340:Against Phaenippus
10300:Against Apatourius
10295:Against Zenothemis
10275:Against Timocrates
10214:On the Navy Boards
9726:Symbolae Osloenses
9516:. Routledge (UK).
9299:. Routledge (UK).
9261:. Routledge (UK).
7937:2 May 2008 at the
7928:Against Aphobus 3.
7910:Against Aphobus 1.
7821:Charles Duke Yonge
7776:Against Timarchus.
7758:Against Ctesiphon.
6956:, III, 1, 281–287.
6553:2 May 2008 at the
5831:* J. R. Hamilton,
5545:* D.M. MacDowell,
4630:Against Zenothemis
3745:University of Iowa
3385:Pseudo-Demosthenes
3263:Georges Clemenceau
3239:, orators such as
3202:
3161:, also called the
3095:Terministic screen
2877:A General Rhetoric
2407:Resignation speech
1944:Studia humanitatis
1926:Byzantine rhetoric
1766:
1585:
1445:
1328:
1288:(now known as the
1259:
1012:Académie française
970:
921:Athenian democracy
791:Against Timocrates
711:On the Navy Boards
616:
567:
329:
282:and logographers.
13747:
13746:
13705:
13704:
13645:
13644:
13641:
13640:
13637:
13636:
13211:Iberian Peninsula
13143:Lipara/Meligounis
13109:
13108:
12787:
12786:
12783:
12782:
12760:Cypriot syllabary
12651:
12650:
12560:Athenian Treasury
12544:
12543:
12216:
12215:
12212:
12211:
11805:Ptolemaic dynasty
11765:Archons of Athens
11720:
11719:
11716:
11715:
11591:Athenian military
11572:
11571:
11405:League of Corinth
11387:Thessalian League
11363:Chalcidian League
11345:Acarnanian League
11255:Ptolemaic Kingdom
11067:
11066:
11063:
11062:
10838:
10837:
10549:
10548:
10451:
10450:
10410:Against Eubulides
10400:Against Callicles
10370:Against Timotheus
10350:Against Leochares
10265:Against Androtion
10184:On the Chersonese
10179:On the Halonnesus
10009:Project Gutenberg
9964:Britannica online
9917:Library resources
9887:978-0-89130-551-4
9850:978-0-521-21042-3
9775:978-0-521-81840-7
9756:978-0-521-62930-0
9716:978-90-04-13680-9
9697:978-0-415-29187-3
9616:978-0-19-815218-7
9570:978-1-55753-156-8
9551:978-0-19-815074-9
9523:978-0-415-10583-5
9500:978-0-521-49943-9
9450:978-87-7289-535-2
9429:978-0-8203-2144-8
9401:978-0-472-11339-2
9382:978-0-631-22564-5
9363:978-0-226-14312-5
9344:978-960-86331-5-5
9325:978-0-8014-8206-9
9306:978-0-415-96609-2
9287:978-1-59333-030-9
9268:978-0-415-96609-2
9201:978-1-4179-9529-5
9182:978-0-19-160873-5
9163:978-1-4191-7417-9
9144:978-0-521-84233-4
9125:978-0-521-21042-3
9094:978-3-11-016390-2
9064:978-3-11-002527-9
9028:. Fourth Series.
9016:978-0-292-70584-5
8968:978-0-8061-3143-6
8945:978-0-8229-6084-3
8926:978-0-631-23515-6
8907:978-0-520-07166-7
8871:978-0-520-22956-3
8852:978-3-88073-295-7
8833:978-0-521-85282-1
8814:978-960-85313-5-2
8783:978-0-691-01572-9
8764:978-0-691-09490-8
8741:978-0-571-10958-6
8732:Faber & Faber
8715:978-0-292-71223-2
8667:978-87-7289-535-2
8631:978-87-7934-085-5
8603:978-90-04-11303-9
8538:978-0-203-18769-2
8517:Secondary sources
8502:the Latin Library
8464:Pseudo-Plutarch,
8253:the Latin Library
7878:the Latin Library
7835:the Latin Library
7730:J. A. Goldstein,
7538:Against Ctesiphon
7464:Against Ctesiphon
7278:, 211 (note 180).
7047:978-3-946292-26-5
6544:Against Ctesiphon
6533:, 238 (note 232).
6356:Against Ctesiphon
6098:Pseudo-Plutarch,
6059:978-0-8061-3143-6
5491:Pseudo-Plutarch,
4840:D. M. MacDowell,
4687:Against Ctesiphon
4663:, 263 (note 275).
4532:Against Timarchus
4122:Against Ctesiphon
4099:Against Ctesiphon
4079:Pseudo-Plutarch,
4043:Against Aphobus 3
4020:Against Aphobus 1
3991:Against Aphobus 1
3925:Against Ctesiphon
3893:Against Ctesiphon
3765:Murphy, James J.
3437:Peloponnesian War
3415:
3414:
3333:sophistic display
3259:French Revolution
3214:Guillaume du Vair
3143:
3142:
3070:Rogerian argument
2817:Panegyrici Latini
1909:The age of Cicero
1823:Rhetorical legacy
1696:
1695:
1629:
1628:
1553:
1552:
1454:League of Corinth
1299:On the Chersonese
1245:On the Chersonese
1145:
1144:
1084:
1083:
1031:The theme of the
954:: victory medal (
779:Against Androtion
774:
773:
672:
671:
583:speech impairment
300:said of him that
268:Alexandrian Canon
261:Archias of Thurii
182:
116:
115:
16:(Redirected from
13832:
13737:
13736:
13727:
13717:
13716:
13651:
13650:
13369:
13368:
12868:Heraclea Lucania
12821:
12820:
12812:
12811:
12793:
12792:
12553:
12552:
12485:Twelve Olympians
12456:
12455:
12246:
12245:
12222:
12221:
11810:Seleucid dynasty
11790:Kings of Paionia
11739:
11738:
11726:
11725:
11596:Scythian archers
11503:Graphe paranomon
11433:
11432:
11340:
11337:
11327:
11324:
11308:
11305:
11295:
11291:
11288:
11102:
11101:
11073:
11072:
10952:Classical Greece
10937:Mycenaean Greece
10917:
10916:
10893:
10892:
10865:
10858:
10851:
10842:
10841:
10583:Ancient Athenian
10576:
10569:
10562:
10553:
10552:
10478:
10471:
10464:
10455:
10454:
10385:Against Callipus
10375:Against Polycles
10310:Against Lacritus
10255:Against Leptines
10194:Fourth Philippic
10174:Second Philippic
10159:Olynthiacs 1-2-3
10137:
10130:
10123:
10114:
10113:
10034:
10033:
10018:Internet Archive
9904:
9902:
9891:
9872:
9863:
9854:
9835:
9826:
9817:
9808:
9797:
9779:
9760:
9741:
9720:
9701:
9689:
9678:
9641:
9620:
9601:
9592:
9583:
9574:
9555:
9536:
9527:
9515:
9504:
9492:
9481:
9475:
9471:
9469:
9461:
9459:
9457:
9433:
9414:
9413:. B. G. Teubner.
9405:
9386:
9367:
9348:
9329:
9310:
9291:
9272:
9253:
9244:
9232:
9223:
9214:
9205:
9186:
9167:
9148:
9129:
9104:Easterling, P. E
9098:
9079:
9068:
9049:
9020:
9001:
8972:
8960:
8949:
8930:
8911:
8899:
8888:
8886:
8875:
8856:
8837:
8818:
8796:
8787:
8768:
8745:
8724:Cawkwell, George
8719:
8700:
8671:
8650:
8648:
8646:
8640:
8634:. Archived from
8617:
8607:
8588:
8579:
8542:
8399:
8371:
8343:
8195:Diodorus Siculus
8163:
8149:
8139:Second Philippic
8135:
8125:Second Olynthiac
8121:
8107:
8093:
8079:
8041:Fourth Philippic
8030:
8016:
8002:
7964:Against Meidias.
7850:
7735:
7728:
7722:
7717:, 102; M. Trap,
7711:
7705:
7698:
7692:
7681:
7675:
7668:
7662:
7647:
7641:
7624:
7618:
7601:
7595:
7572:
7566:
7534:
7528:
7517:
7511:
7500:
7494:
7460:
7454:
7436:
7430:
7423:
7417:
7406:D.M. MacDowell,
7404:
7398:
7366:
7360:
7345:Fourth Philippic
7341:
7335:
7332:
7326:
7316:
7308:
7302:
7285:
7279:
7272:
7266:
7243:
7237:
7214:
7208:
7197:
7191:
7159:
7153:
7147:
7141:
7134:
7128:
7121:
7115:
7112:
7106:
7099:
7093:
7086:
7080:
7073:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7062:
7031:
7015:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7004:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6978:on 11 June 2007.
6974:. Archived from
6963:
6957:
6951:
6943:
6937:
6934:Oral Performance
6932:I. Worthington,
6930:
6924:
6921:
6915:
6912:
6906:
6903:
6897:
6886:
6880:
6873:
6867:
6860:
6854:
6846:
6840:
6829:
6823:
6810:
6804:
6797:
6791:
6784:
6778:
6775:
6769:
6768:, 139, 167, 258.
6762:
6756:
6749:
6743:
6742:
6733:
6727:
6710:
6704:
6701:
6695:
6688:
6682:
6675:
6669:
6668:
6657:
6651:
6648:
6642:
6641:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6578:
6572:
6540:
6534:
6527:
6521:
6514:
6508:
6487:
6481:
6478:
6472:
6455:
6449:
6442:
6436:
6402:
6396:
6375:
6369:
6352:
6346:
6343:
6337:
6330:
6324:
6311:
6300:
6276:
6270:
6267:
6261:
6248:
6242:
6235:
6226:
6219:
6208:
6201:
6195:
6188:
6179:
6172:
6161:
6158:
6152:
6135:
6129:
6112:
6103:
6096:
6090:
6073:
6064:
6063:
6045:
6039:
6022:
6016:
5999:
5993:
5986:
5980:
5970:
5964:
5953:
5947:
5946:
5938:
5921:
5920:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5899:
5890:
5889:
5882:
5873:
5872:
5865:
5859:
5842:
5836:
5813:
5807:
5806:
5796:
5790:
5783:
5777:
5770:
5764:
5750:
5744:
5727:
5721:
5699:
5693:
5686:
5680:
5660:
5654:
5649:, 283; H. Weil,
5634:
5628:
5621:
5615:
5591:
5585:
5569:
5563:
5556:
5550:
5528:
5522:
5512:
5506:
5489:
5483:
5476:
5470:
5464:Second Philippic
5460:
5454:
5451:
5445:
5429:
5423:
5413:
5407:
5383:
5377:
5357:
5351:
5335:
5329:
5313:
5304:
5288:
5282:
5259:
5253:
5241:
5235:
5218:
5212:
5205:
5199:
5192:
5186:
5169:
5163:
5151:
5145:
5133:
5127:
5119:Second Olynthiac
5107:
5101:
5094:
5088:
5085:
5079:
5069:
5063:
5051:
5045:
5025:
5019:
5009:
5003:
4986:
4980:
4973:
4967:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4945:
4942:
4936:
4925:
4919:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4901:
4894:
4888:
4881:
4875:
4868:
4862:
4855:
4849:
4838:
4832:
4825:
4812:
4809:
4803:
4800:
4794:
4787:
4778:
4756:
4750:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4728:
4721:
4715:
4683:
4677:
4670:
4664:
4655:
4649:
4646:Greek Literature
4626:
4620:
4617:
4608:
4589:
4583:
4566:
4560:
4528:
4522:
4521:, 211, note 180.
4515:
4509:
4492:
4486:
4469:
4463:
4446:
4437:
4420:
4414:
4407:
4401:
4394:
4388:
4381:
4375:
4362:
4356:
4343:
4326:
4309:
4303:
4296:
4290:
4273:
4267:
4260:
4254:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4215:
4209:
4204:* A.W. Pickard,
4175:
4169:
4141:
4135:
4118:
4112:
4095:
4084:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4039:
4033:
4016:
4010:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3957:
3951:
3944:
3938:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3906:
3889:
3880:
3873:
3867:
3818:
3812:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3776:
3762:
3742:
3717:Fourth Philippic
3694:Fourth Philippic
3691:
3671:
3658:
3641:
3629:
3587:
3575:
3574:
3552:
3539:Fourth Philippic
3536:
3519:
3503:
3478:
3466:
3426:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3035:List of speeches
2882:
2872:
2862:
2852:
2842:
2832:
2822:
2812:
2802:
2792:
2782:
2772:
2762:
2752:
2742:
2732:
2722:
2712:
2702:
2692:
2682:
2486:Neo-Aristotelian
2053:Figure of speech
1914:Second Sophistic
1850:
1827:
1826:
1795:
1741:Oratorical skill
1680:
1661:Political career
1623:Second Olynthiac
1613:
1533:
1511:
1510:
1437:Alexander Mosaic
1405:Diodorus Siculus
1268:Second Philippic
1241:Second Philippic
1129:
1120:Greater Dionysia
1068:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1023:
1015:
1014:
959:
877:
871:
870:
849:
843:
842:
837:
831:
830:
824:
822:graphē paranómōn
813:
810:graphē paranómōn
803:
802:
785:Against Leptines
758:
734:
733:
728:
656:
652:
646:
645:
638:
632:
631:
607:Illustration by
435:
427:
392:
386:
305:
295:
290:extolled him as
199:
194:
187:
177:
175:
167:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
69:, Paris, France)
65:of Demosthenes (
60:
39:
38:
21:
13840:
13839:
13835:
13834:
13833:
13831:
13830:
13829:
13750:
13749:
13748:
13743:
13701:
13656:
13633:
13496:
13490:
13373:
13364:
13356:
13327:Melaina Korkyra
13283:
13205:
13162:
13115:Aeolian Islands
13105:
12967:
12825:
12806:
12805:
12779:
12736:
12647:
12589:
12540:
12494:
12445:
12367:
12358:Wedding customs
12240:
12239:
12208:
12199:Thracian Greeks
12182:
12173:Olympic victors
12151:
11993:
11880:
11824:
11815:Kings of Sparta
11800:Kings of Pontus
11770:Kings of Athens
11746:
11733:
11712:
11608:Army of Macedon
11568:
11545:
11517:
11474:
11422:
11395:(370–c. 230 BC)
11393:Arcadian League
11377:(c. 400–188 BC)
11375:Aetolian League
11369:Boeotian League
11351:Hellenic League
11338:
11325:
11315:(c. 650–404 BC)
11306:
11300:Italiote League
11293:
11289:
11283:Doric Hexapolis
11273:
11264:
11260:Seleucid Empire
11203:
11096:
11095:
11059:
10966:
10942:Greek Dark Ages
10911:
10910:
10887:
10874:
10869:
10839:
10834:
10586:
10580:
10550:
10545:
10487:
10482:
10452:
10447:
10424:
10335:Against Spudias
10305:Against Phormio
10260:Against Meidias
10233:
10209:On Organisation
10199:Reply to Philip
10189:Third Philippic
10164:First Philippic
10147:
10141:
10111:
10107:Wayback Machine
10078:Wayback Machine
10066:Wayback Machine
10054:Wayback Machine
10037:
10031:
10000:Wayback Machine
9983:Wayback Machine
9976:Lendering, Jona
9971:Wayback Machine
9959:Wayback Machine
9947:
9946:
9945:
9925:
9924:
9920:
9913:
9908:
9888:
9851:
9787:
9785:Further reading
9782:
9776:
9757:
9717:
9698:
9617:
9571:
9552:
9524:
9501:
9473:
9472:
9463:
9462:
9455:
9453:
9451:
9430:
9402:
9383:
9364:
9345:
9326:
9307:
9288:
9269:
9202:
9183:
9164:
9145:
9126:
9095:
9065:
9017:
8969:
8946:
8927:
8908:
8872:
8853:
8834:
8815:
8791:"Demosthenes".
8790:
8784:
8765:
8742:
8716:
8668:
8644:
8642:
8638:
8632:
8615:
8604:
8539:
8519:
8514:
8509:Wayback Machine
8498:Wayback Machine
8477:Wayback Machine
8459:Wayback Machine
8444:Pseudo-Plutarch
8439:Wayback Machine
8418:Wayback Machine
8390:Wayback Machine
8362:Wayback Machine
8334:Wayback Machine
8314:Wayback Machine
8297:Wayback Machine
8277:W. Rhys Roberts
8273:On the Sublime.
8260:Wayback Machine
8240:Wayback Machine
8210:Wayback Machine
8189:Wayback Machine
8167:Third Philippic
8153:Third Olynthiac
8070:Wayback Machine
8052:Wayback Machine
8020:First Philippic
8006:First Olynthiac
7993:Wayback Machine
7975:Wayback Machine
7957:Wayback Machine
7939:Wayback Machine
7921:Wayback Machine
7903:Wayback Machine
7896:Perseus program
7885:Wayback Machine
7867:Wayback Machine
7842:Wayback Machine
7816:Deipnosophistae
7805:Wayback Machine
7787:Wayback Machine
7769:Wayback Machine
7749:
7744:
7739:
7738:
7729:
7725:
7712:
7708:
7699:
7695:
7682:
7678:
7669:
7665:
7653:J. G. Droysen,
7648:
7644:
7639:Wayback Machine
7625:
7621:
7616:Wayback Machine
7602:
7598:
7588:Harpalus Affair
7573:
7569:
7564:Wayback Machine
7549:Wayback Machine
7535:
7531:
7518:
7514:
7501:
7497:
7492:
7490:Wayback Machine
7475:Wayback Machine
7461:
7457:
7451:Wayback Machine
7437:
7433:
7424:
7420:
7411:
7405:
7401:
7388:
7382:Third Philippic
7380:; Demosthenes,
7370:Third Olynthiac
7367:
7363:
7358:
7356:Wayback Machine
7342:
7338:
7333:
7329:
7321:, 90; H. Weil,
7311:"Demosthenes".
7310:
7309:
7305:
7300:Wayback Machine
7286:
7282:
7273:
7269:
7260:
7258:Wayback Machine
7244:
7240:
7231:
7229:Wayback Machine
7215:
7211:
7203:, 84; H. Weil,
7198:
7194:
7189:Wayback Machine
7174:Wayback Machine
7160:
7156:
7148:
7144:
7135:
7131:
7122:
7118:
7113:
7109:
7100:
7096:
7087:
7083:
7074:
7070:
7060:
7058:
7048:
7029:
7016:
7012:
7002:
7000:
6988:
6987:
6983:
6964:
6960:
6946:"Demosthenes".
6945:
6944:
6940:
6931:
6927:
6922:
6918:
6913:
6909:
6904:
6900:
6887:
6883:
6874:
6870:
6861:
6857:
6847:
6843:
6835:, 26; H. Weil,
6830:
6826:
6817:
6811:
6807:
6798:
6794:
6785:
6781:
6776:
6772:
6764:W. A. Rebhorn,
6763:
6759:
6750:
6746:
6737:"Demosthenes".
6736:
6734:
6730:
6725:Wayback Machine
6711:
6707:
6702:
6698:
6689:
6685:
6676:
6672:
6659:
6658:
6654:
6649:
6645:
6614:
6610:
6579:
6575:
6570:Wayback Machine
6555:Wayback Machine
6541:
6537:
6528:
6524:
6515:
6511:
6502:Wayback Machine
6488:
6484:
6479:
6475:
6470:Wayback Machine
6456:
6452:
6443:
6439:
6434:
6432:Wayback Machine
6417:Wayback Machine
6403:
6399:
6394:Wayback Machine
6376:
6372:
6367:Wayback Machine
6353:
6349:
6344:
6340:
6331:
6327:
6322:Wayback Machine
6312:
6303:
6298:
6291:Wayback Machine
6277:
6273:
6268:
6264:
6255:
6249:
6245:
6237:T.B. Macaulay,
6236:
6229:
6221:J. De Romilly,
6220:
6211:
6202:
6198:
6189:
6182:
6173:
6164:
6159:
6155:
6150:Wayback Machine
6136:
6132:
6127:Wayback Machine
6113:
6106:
6097:
6093:
6088:Wayback Machine
6074:
6067:
6060:
6046:
6042:
6037:Wayback Machine
6023:
6019:
6014:Wayback Machine
6000:
5996:
5987:
5983:
5971:
5967:
5954:
5950:
5939:
5924:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5901:
5900:
5893:
5884:
5883:
5876:
5867:
5866:
5862:
5857:Wayback Machine
5843:
5839:
5830:
5828:Wayback Machine
5814:
5810:
5797:
5793:
5784:
5780:
5771:
5767:
5751:
5747:
5742:Wayback Machine
5728:
5724:
5715:
5713:Wayback Machine
5700:
5696:
5687:
5683:
5670:
5661:
5657:
5644:
5635:
5631:
5622:
5618:
5609:
5592:
5588:
5579:
5573:Third Philippic
5570:
5566:
5557:
5553:
5544:
5542:Wayback Machine
5529:
5525:
5516:Third Philippic
5513:
5509:
5496:
5490:
5486:
5477:
5473:
5461:
5457:
5452:
5448:
5439:
5430:
5426:
5414:
5410:
5401:
5393:; Demosthenes,
5384:
5380:
5368:* G. Cawkwell,
5367:
5358:
5354:
5346:* G. Cawkwell,
5345:
5336:
5332:
5324:* G. Cawkwell,
5323:
5314:
5307:
5299:* G. Cawkwell,
5298:
5292:Third Philippic
5289:
5285:
5276:
5274:Wayback Machine
5260:
5256:
5251:
5245:Third Philippic
5242:
5238:
5233:Wayback Machine
5222:Against Meidias
5219:
5215:
5206:
5202:
5194:J. De Romilly,
5193:
5189:
5184:Wayback Machine
5173:Against Meidias
5170:
5166:
5161:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5134:
5130:
5125:
5117:; Demosthenes,
5111:First Olynthiac
5108:
5104:
5095:
5091:
5086:
5082:
5073:First Philippic
5070:
5066:
5061:
5055:First Philippic
5052:
5048:
5043:
5029:First Philippic
5026:
5022:
5010:
5006:
5001:Wayback Machine
4987:
4983:
4974:
4970:
4961:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4943:
4939:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4895:
4891:
4882:
4878:
4869:
4865:
4856:
4852:
4839:
4835:
4827:J. De Romilly,
4826:
4815:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4797:
4788:
4781:
4772:
4770:Wayback Machine
4757:
4753:
4745:A. W. Pickard,
4744:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4722:
4718:
4713:Wayback Machine
4698:Wayback Machine
4684:
4680:
4671:
4667:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4643:
4641:Wayback Machine
4627:
4623:
4618:
4611:
4606:
4604:Wayback Machine
4590:
4586:
4581:Wayback Machine
4567:
4563:
4558:Wayback Machine
4543:Wayback Machine
4529:
4525:
4516:
4512:
4507:Wayback Machine
4493:
4489:
4484:Wayback Machine
4470:
4466:
4461:Wayback Machine
4447:
4440:
4435:Wayback Machine
4421:
4417:
4408:
4404:
4395:
4391:
4382:
4378:
4373:Wayback Machine
4363:
4359:
4354:Wayback Machine
4344:
4329:
4324:Wayback Machine
4310:
4306:
4297:
4293:
4288:Wayback Machine
4274:
4270:
4261:
4257:
4252:Wayback Machine
4238:
4234:
4223:"Demosthenes".
4222:
4216:
4212:
4203:
4201:Wayback Machine
4190:Wayback Machine
4176:
4172:
4163:
4160:Deipnosophistae
4156:Wayback Machine
4142:
4138:
4133:Wayback Machine
4119:
4115:
4110:Wayback Machine
4096:
4087:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4056:
4054:Wayback Machine
4040:
4036:
4031:Wayback Machine
4017:
4013:
4004:
4002:Wayback Machine
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3945:
3941:
3936:Wayback Machine
3922:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3904:Wayback Machine
3890:
3883:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3863:Wayback Machine
3850:; Quintillian,
3848:Wayback Machine
3833:Wayback Machine
3819:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3800:
3788:
3787:
3778:
3777:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3725:On Organization
3698:Funeral Oration
3607:Against Meidias
3599:Against Meidias
3567:Third Philippic
3559:Third Philippic
3555:Third Olynthiac
3411:
3409:
3402:(384 BC–322 BC)
3401:
3398:
3393:
3381:
3353:
3294:Friedrich Blass
3277:
3271:
3198:J. M. W. Turner
3139:
3110:
3109:
3055:Public rhetoric
2993:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2931:Native American
2896:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2860:
2850:
2840:
2830:
2820:
2810:
2800:
2790:
2780:
2770:
2760:
2750:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2680:
2671:
2670:
2661:
2660:
2501:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2434:
2433:
2422:
2421:
2312:Funeral oration
2302:Farewell speech
2259:Socratic method
2215:
2214:
2205:
2204:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1862:
1861:
1825:
1743:
1663:
1658:
1610:
1573:
1567:
1531:
1525:
1450:Funeral Oration
1430:
1425:
1355:valley, seized
1320:
1314:
1305:Third Philippic
1251:
1249:Third Philippic
1237:
1176:
1170:
1162:Against Meidias
1149:Against Meidias
1139:Against Meidias
1112:
1110:Against Meidias
1106:
1078:First Olynthiac
1061:per month (two
1034:First Philippic
1026:First Philippic
944:
938:First Philippic
934:
929:
801:γραφὴ παρανόμων
768:Third Philippic
721:
707:
621:
601:
570:first left the
552:
550:Speech training
470:; according to
443:
406:Pseudo-Plutarch
395:Against Aphobus
317:
312:
189:
126:
122:
102:
93:
84:
79:
70:
51:
44:
37:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13838:
13828:
13827:
13822:
13817:
13812:
13807:
13802:
13797:
13792:
13787:
13782:
13777:
13772:
13767:
13762:
13745:
13744:
13742:
13741:
13731:
13721:
13710:
13707:
13706:
13703:
13702:
13700:
13699:
13694:
13689:
13684:
13679:
13674:
13673:
13672:
13661:
13658:
13657:
13647:
13646:
13643:
13642:
13639:
13638:
13635:
13634:
13632:
13631:
13626:
13621:
13616:
13611:
13606:
13601:
13596:
13591:
13586:
13581:
13576:
13571:
13566:
13561:
13556:
13551:
13546:
13541:
13536:
13531:
13526:
13521:
13516:
13511:
13506:
13500:
13498:
13492:
13491:
13489:
13488:
13483:
13478:
13473:
13468:
13463:
13458:
13453:
13448:
13443:
13438:
13433:
13428:
13423:
13418:
13413:
13408:
13403:
13398:
13393:
13388:
13383:
13377:
13375:
13366:
13358:
13357:
13355:
13354:
13349:
13344:
13339:
13334:
13329:
13324:
13319:
13314:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13293:
13291:
13285:
13284:
13282:
13281:
13276:
13271:
13266:
13261:
13256:
13251:
13246:
13241:
13236:
13231:
13226:
13221:
13215:
13213:
13207:
13206:
13204:
13203:
13198:
13188:
13183:
13178:
13172:
13170:
13164:
13163:
13161:
13160:
13155:
13150:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13119:
13117:
13111:
13110:
13107:
13106:
13104:
13103:
13098:
13093:
13088:
13083:
13078:
13073:
13068:
13063:
13061:Megara Hyblaea
13058:
13053:
13048:
13043:
13041:Hybla Gereatis
13038:
13033:
13031:Heraclea Minoa
13028:
13023:
13018:
13013:
13008:
13003:
12998:
12993:
12988:
12983:
12977:
12975:
12969:
12968:
12966:
12965:
12960:
12955:
12950:
12945:
12940:
12935:
12930:
12925:
12920:
12915:
12910:
12905:
12900:
12895:
12890:
12885:
12880:
12875:
12870:
12865:
12860:
12855:
12850:
12845:
12840:
12835:
12829:
12827:
12818:
12808:
12807:
12804:
12803:
12797:
12789:
12788:
12785:
12784:
12781:
12780:
12778:
12777:
12775:Attic numerals
12772:
12770:Greek numerals
12767:
12765:Greek alphabet
12762:
12757:
12752:
12746:
12744:
12738:
12737:
12735:
12734:
12729:
12728:
12727:
12722:
12717:
12712:
12707:
12702:
12697:
12692:
12687:
12677:
12672:
12667:
12661:
12659:
12653:
12652:
12649:
12648:
12646:
12645:
12640:
12635:
12630:
12625:
12620:
12615:
12610:
12605:
12599:
12597:
12591:
12590:
12588:
12587:
12582:
12577:
12572:
12567:
12562:
12556:
12550:
12546:
12545:
12542:
12541:
12539:
12538:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12518:
12513:
12508:
12502:
12500:
12496:
12495:
12493:
12492:
12487:
12482:
12477:
12476:
12475:
12465:
12459:
12453:
12447:
12446:
12444:
12443:
12438:
12433:
12428:
12423:
12422:
12421:
12419:Musical system
12411:
12406:
12401:
12396:
12391:
12390:
12389:
12378:
12376:
12369:
12368:
12366:
12365:
12360:
12355:
12350:
12345:
12340:
12335:
12330:
12325:
12320:
12315:
12310:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12290:
12285:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12254:
12252:
12242:
12241:
12238:
12237:
12232:
12226:
12218:
12217:
12214:
12213:
12210:
12209:
12207:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12190:
12188:
12184:
12183:
12181:
12180:
12175:
12170:
12165:
12159:
12157:
12153:
12152:
12150:
12149:
12144:
12139:
12134:
12129:
12124:
12119:
12114:
12109:
12104:
12099:
12094:
12089:
12084:
12079:
12074:
12069:
12064:
12059:
12054:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12024:
12019:
12014:
12009:
12003:
12001:
11995:
11994:
11992:
11991:
11986:
11981:
11976:
11971:
11966:
11961:
11956:
11951:
11946:
11941:
11936:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11906:
11901:
11896:
11890:
11888:
11882:
11881:
11879:
11878:
11873:
11868:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11851:Mathematicians
11848:
11843:
11838:
11832:
11830:
11826:
11825:
11823:
11822:
11817:
11812:
11807:
11802:
11797:
11792:
11787:
11782:
11777:
11772:
11767:
11762:
11760:Kings of Argos
11756:
11754:
11748:
11747:
11735:
11734:
11722:
11721:
11718:
11717:
11714:
11713:
11711:
11710:
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11670:
11665:
11660:
11655:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11618:Cretan archers
11615:
11610:
11605:
11600:
11599:
11598:
11588:
11582:
11580:
11574:
11573:
11570:
11569:
11567:
11566:
11561:
11555:
11553:
11547:
11546:
11544:
11543:
11538:
11533:
11527:
11525:
11519:
11518:
11516:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11495:
11490:
11484:
11482:
11476:
11475:
11473:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11436:
11430:
11424:
11423:
11421:
11420:
11417:Achaean League
11414:
11411:Euboean League
11408:
11402:
11399:Epirote League
11396:
11390:
11384:
11378:
11372:
11366:
11360:
11354:
11348:
11347:(c. 500–31 BC)
11342:
11329:
11316:
11310:
11297:
11279:
11277:
11275:Confederations
11266:
11265:
11263:
11262:
11257:
11252:
11247:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11227:
11222:
11217:
11211:
11209:
11205:
11204:
11202:
11201:
11199:Lissus (Crete)
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11131:
11126:
11121:
11116:
11110:
11108:
11098:
11097:
11094:
11093:
11088:
11083:
11077:
11069:
11068:
11065:
11064:
11061:
11060:
11058:
11057:
11052:
11047:
11042:
11037:
11032:
11027:
11022:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11002:
10997:
10992:
10987:
10982:
10976:
10974:
10968:
10967:
10965:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10947:Archaic Greece
10944:
10939:
10934:
10929:
10923:
10921:
10913:
10912:
10909:
10908:
10903:
10897:
10889:
10888:
10886:
10885:
10879:
10876:
10875:
10872:Ancient Greece
10868:
10867:
10860:
10853:
10845:
10836:
10835:
10833:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10712:
10707:
10702:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10657:
10652:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10627:
10622:
10617:
10612:
10607:
10602:
10597:
10591:
10588:
10587:
10579:
10578:
10571:
10564:
10556:
10547:
10546:
10544:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10498:
10492:
10489:
10488:
10481:
10480:
10473:
10466:
10458:
10449:
10448:
10446:
10445:
10440:
10434:
10432:
10426:
10425:
10423:
10422:
10420:Against Neaera
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10342:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10241:
10239:
10235:
10234:
10232:
10231:
10226:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10155:
10153:
10149:
10148:
10140:
10139:
10132:
10125:
10117:
10110:
10109:
10097:
10091:
10090:
10086:
10085:
10080:
10068:
10056:
10043:
10042:
10038:
10036:
10035:
10020:
10011:
10002:
9990:
9985:
9973:
9961:
9948:
9944:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9927:
9926:
9915:
9914:
9912:
9911:External links
9909:
9907:
9906:
9892:
9886:
9873:
9864:
9855:
9849:
9836:
9827:
9818:
9809:
9798:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9780:
9774:
9761:
9755:
9742:
9721:
9715:
9702:
9696:
9679:
9642:
9621:
9615:
9602:
9593:
9584:
9575:
9569:
9556:
9550:
9537:
9528:
9522:
9505:
9499:
9482:
9474:|journal=
9449:
9434:
9428:
9415:
9406:
9400:
9387:
9381:
9368:
9362:
9349:
9343:
9330:
9324:
9311:
9305:
9292:
9286:
9273:
9267:
9254:
9245:
9233:
9224:
9215:
9206:
9200:
9187:
9181:
9168:
9162:
9149:
9143:
9130:
9124:
9099:
9093:
9080:
9069:
9063:
9050:
9032:(3): 259–284.
9021:
9015:
9002:
8990:10.2307/311355
8973:
8967:
8950:
8944:
8931:
8925:
8912:
8906:
8889:
8876:
8870:
8857:
8851:
8838:
8832:
8819:
8813:
8797:
8788:
8782:
8769:
8763:
8746:
8740:
8720:
8714:
8701:
8683:(2): 165–193.
8672:
8666:
8651:
8630:
8608:
8602:
8589:
8580:
8543:
8537:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8512:
8487:Institutiones.
8480:
8462:
8441:
8421:
8393:
8365:
8337:
8316:
8305:Translated in
8299:
8288:Translated in
8279:
8275:Translated by
8266:
8242:
8222:
8213:
8192:
8171:
8157:
8143:
8129:
8115:
8101:
8087:
8073:
8055:
8037:
8024:
8010:
7996:
7978:
7960:
7942:
7924:
7906:
7888:
7870:
7844:
7824:
7808:
7790:
7772:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7737:
7736:
7723:
7706:
7693:
7676:
7663:
7642:
7619:
7596:
7578:J.G. Droysen,
7567:
7529:
7512:
7495:
7455:
7431:
7418:
7412:* K. Tsatsos,
7399:
7361:
7336:
7327:
7317:; K. Tsatsos,
7303:
7280:
7267:
7261:* M. L. Rose,
7238:
7209:
7192:
7176:; Quintilian,
7154:
7149:Suda, article
7142:
7136:F. Nietzsche,
7129:
7116:
7107:
7094:
7081:
7068:
7046:
7010:
6981:
6958:
6938:
6925:
6916:
6907:
6898:
6888:C. A. Gibson,
6881:
6868:
6855:
6841:
6824:
6812:F. Nietzsche,
6805:
6792:
6779:
6770:
6757:
6744:
6728:
6705:
6696:
6683:
6670:
6667:. 23 May 2018.
6652:
6643:
6630:10.1086/449458
6624:(4): 450–454.
6608:
6589:(4): 339–360.
6573:
6535:
6522:
6516:F. Nietzsche,
6509:
6482:
6473:
6450:
6444:J. Bollansie,
6437:
6397:
6370:
6347:
6338:
6325:
6301:
6271:
6262:
6243:
6227:
6209:
6203:A.W. Pickard,
6196:
6180:
6162:
6153:
6130:
6104:
6091:
6065:
6058:
6040:
6017:
5994:
5981:
5965:
5948:
5922:
5908:
5891:
5874:
5860:
5837:
5808:
5791:
5778:
5765:
5745:
5722:
5716:* K. Tsatsos,
5694:
5681:
5671:* K. Tsatsos,
5655:
5645:* K. Tsatsos,
5629:
5616:
5586:
5564:
5551:
5532:On Halonnesus,
5523:
5507:
5484:
5471:
5455:
5446:
5424:
5408:
5378:
5352:
5330:
5305:
5283:
5254:
5236:
5213:
5200:
5187:
5164:
5146:
5128:
5102:
5089:
5080:
5064:
5046:
5020:
5004:
4981:
4968:
4955:
4946:
4937:
4920:
4911:
4902:
4889:
4876:
4863:
4850:
4833:
4813:
4804:
4795:
4779:
4751:
4738:
4729:
4716:
4678:
4665:
4650:
4644:* G. Kennedy,
4621:
4609:
4584:
4561:
4523:
4510:
4487:
4464:
4438:
4415:
4402:
4389:
4376:
4364:Suda, article
4357:
4327:
4304:
4291:
4268:
4262:F. Nietzsche,
4255:
4232:
4210:
4179:On the Embassy
4170:
4145:On the Embassy
4136:
4113:
4085:
4072:
4063:
4034:
4011:
3982:
3952:
3939:
3916:
3907:
3881:
3868:
3813:
3807:On the Sublime
3798:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3377:
3352:
3349:
3337:
3336:
3326:
3316:
3270:
3267:
3237:modern history
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2999:Ars dictaminis
2994:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2873:
2863:
2853:
2843:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2803:
2797:On the Sublime
2793:
2783:
2773:
2763:
2753:
2743:
2733:
2723:
2713:
2703:
2693:
2683:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2497:
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2492:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2346:Lightning talk
2343:
2342:
2341:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2275:
2270:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Method of loci
2128:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1867:Ancient Greece
1863:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1824:
1821:
1742:
1739:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1684:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1566:
1563:
1551:
1550:
1538:
1537:
1524:
1518:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1313:
1310:
1236:
1233:
1169:
1166:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1105:
1102:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1072:
933:
930:
928:
925:
772:
771:
763:
762:
706:
703:
688:capital charge
670:
669:
661:
660:
620:
617:
600:
597:
551:
548:
442:
439:
399:Against Onetor
362:Parallel Lives
325:British Museum
316:
313:
311:
308:
270:, compiled by
214:ancient Greece
206:ancient Athens
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
94:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
72:
71:
61:
53:
52:
46:
45:
42:
35:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13837:
13826:
13823:
13821:
13818:
13816:
13813:
13811:
13808:
13806:
13803:
13801:
13798:
13796:
13793:
13791:
13788:
13786:
13785:Attic orators
13783:
13781:
13778:
13776:
13773:
13771:
13770:322 BC deaths
13768:
13766:
13765:384 BC births
13763:
13761:
13758:
13757:
13755:
13740:
13732:
13730:
13726:
13722:
13720:
13712:
13711:
13708:
13698:
13695:
13693:
13690:
13688:
13685:
13683:
13680:
13678:
13675:
13671:
13668:
13667:
13666:
13663:
13662:
13659:
13652:
13648:
13630:
13627:
13625:
13622:
13620:
13617:
13615:
13612:
13610:
13607:
13605:
13602:
13600:
13597:
13595:
13592:
13590:
13587:
13585:
13582:
13580:
13577:
13575:
13572:
13570:
13567:
13565:
13562:
13560:
13557:
13555:
13552:
13550:
13547:
13545:
13542:
13540:
13537:
13535:
13532:
13530:
13527:
13525:
13522:
13520:
13517:
13515:
13512:
13510:
13507:
13505:
13502:
13501:
13499:
13493:
13487:
13484:
13482:
13479:
13477:
13474:
13472:
13469:
13467:
13464:
13462:
13459:
13457:
13454:
13452:
13449:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13439:
13437:
13434:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13397:
13394:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13378:
13376:
13370:
13367:
13363:
13359:
13353:
13350:
13348:
13345:
13343:
13340:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13298:
13295:
13294:
13292:
13290:
13286:
13280:
13277:
13275:
13272:
13270:
13267:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13255:
13252:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13239:Hemeroscopion
13237:
13235:
13232:
13230:
13227:
13225:
13222:
13220:
13217:
13216:
13214:
13212:
13208:
13202:
13199:
13196:
13192:
13189:
13187:
13184:
13182:
13179:
13177:
13174:
13173:
13171:
13169:
13165:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13120:
13118:
13116:
13112:
13102:
13099:
13097:
13094:
13092:
13089:
13087:
13084:
13082:
13079:
13077:
13074:
13072:
13069:
13067:
13064:
13062:
13059:
13057:
13054:
13052:
13049:
13047:
13044:
13042:
13039:
13037:
13034:
13032:
13029:
13027:
13024:
13022:
13019:
13017:
13014:
13012:
13009:
13007:
13004:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12994:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12978:
12976:
12974:
12970:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12949:
12946:
12944:
12941:
12939:
12936:
12934:
12931:
12929:
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12884:
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12849:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12834:
12831:
12830:
12828:
12822:
12819:
12817:
12816:Magna Graecia
12813:
12809:
12802:
12799:
12798:
12794:
12790:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12766:
12763:
12761:
12758:
12756:
12753:
12751:
12748:
12747:
12745:
12743:
12739:
12733:
12730:
12726:
12723:
12721:
12718:
12716:
12713:
12711:
12708:
12706:
12703:
12701:
12698:
12696:
12693:
12691:
12690:Arcadocypriot
12688:
12686:
12683:
12682:
12681:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12662:
12660:
12658:
12654:
12644:
12643:Zeus, Olympia
12641:
12639:
12636:
12634:
12631:
12629:
12628:Hera, Olympia
12626:
12624:
12621:
12619:
12616:
12614:
12611:
12609:
12606:
12604:
12601:
12600:
12598:
12596:
12592:
12586:
12583:
12581:
12578:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12568:
12566:
12563:
12561:
12558:
12557:
12554:
12551:
12547:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12531:Mount Olympus
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12503:
12501:
12499:Sacred places
12497:
12491:
12488:
12486:
12483:
12481:
12478:
12474:
12471:
12470:
12469:
12466:
12464:
12461:
12460:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12448:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12420:
12417:
12416:
12415:
12412:
12410:
12407:
12405:
12402:
12400:
12397:
12395:
12392:
12388:
12385:
12384:
12383:
12380:
12379:
12377:
12374:
12370:
12364:
12361:
12359:
12356:
12354:
12351:
12349:
12346:
12344:
12341:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12324:
12323:Olympic Games
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12313:Homosexuality
12311:
12309:
12306:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12255:
12253:
12251:
12247:
12243:
12236:
12233:
12231:
12228:
12227:
12223:
12219:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12191:
12189:
12185:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12160:
12158:
12154:
12148:
12145:
12143:
12140:
12138:
12135:
12133:
12130:
12128:
12125:
12123:
12120:
12118:
12115:
12113:
12110:
12108:
12105:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12075:
12073:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12063:
12060:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12004:
12002:
12000:
11996:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11982:
11980:
11977:
11975:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11962:
11960:
11957:
11955:
11952:
11950:
11947:
11945:
11942:
11940:
11937:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11891:
11889:
11887:
11883:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11833:
11831:
11827:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11813:
11811:
11808:
11806:
11803:
11801:
11798:
11796:
11793:
11791:
11788:
11786:
11783:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11761:
11758:
11757:
11755:
11753:
11749:
11745:
11740:
11736:
11732:
11727:
11723:
11709:
11706:
11704:
11701:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11683:Seleucid army
11681:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11664:
11661:
11659:
11656:
11654:
11651:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11597:
11594:
11593:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11583:
11581:
11579:
11575:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11556:
11554:
11552:
11548:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11528:
11526:
11524:
11520:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11491:
11489:
11486:
11485:
11483:
11481:
11477:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11437:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11425:
11418:
11415:
11412:
11409:
11406:
11403:
11400:
11397:
11394:
11391:
11388:
11385:
11382:
11379:
11376:
11373:
11370:
11367:
11364:
11361:
11358:
11357:Delian League
11355:
11352:
11349:
11346:
11343:
11333:
11330:
11320:
11317:
11314:
11313:Ionian League
11311:
11301:
11298:
11294: 560 BC
11284:
11281:
11280:
11278:
11276:
11271:
11267:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11212:
11210:
11206:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11142:
11140:
11137:
11135:
11132:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11111:
11109:
11107:
11103:
11099:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11078:
11074:
11070:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11048:
11046:
11043:
11041:
11038:
11036:
11035:Magna Graecia
11033:
11031:
11028:
11026:
11023:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11001:
10998:
10996:
10993:
10991:
10988:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10977:
10975:
10973:
10969:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10924:
10922:
10918:
10914:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10898:
10894:
10890:
10884:
10881:
10880:
10877:
10873:
10866:
10861:
10859:
10854:
10852:
10847:
10846:
10843:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10711:
10708:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10618:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10592:
10589:
10584:
10577:
10572:
10570:
10565:
10563:
10558:
10557:
10554:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10494:
10493:
10490:
10486:
10485:Attic orators
10479:
10474:
10472:
10467:
10465:
10460:
10459:
10456:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10435:
10433:
10431:
10427:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10395:Against Conon
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10326:
10323:
10321:
10318:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10242:
10240:
10236:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10156:
10154:
10150:
10145:
10138:
10133:
10131:
10126:
10124:
10119:
10118:
10115:
10108:
10104:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10092:
10089:Miscellaneous
10088:
10087:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10075:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10063:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10051:
10048:
10045:
10044:
10040:
10039:
10028:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9997:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9988:Pickard A. W.
9986:
9984:
9980:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9968:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9956:
9953:
9952:Art of Speech
9950:
9949:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9901:
9900:
9893:
9889:
9883:
9879:
9874:
9870:
9865:
9861:
9856:
9852:
9846:
9842:
9837:
9833:
9828:
9824:
9819:
9815:
9810:
9806:
9805:
9799:
9795:
9790:
9789:
9777:
9771:
9767:
9762:
9758:
9752:
9748:
9743:
9739:
9735:
9731:
9727:
9722:
9718:
9712:
9708:
9703:
9699:
9693:
9690:. Routledge.
9688:
9687:
9680:
9676:
9672:
9668:
9664:
9660:
9656:
9652:
9648:
9643:
9639:
9635:
9631:
9627:
9622:
9618:
9612:
9608:
9603:
9599:
9594:
9590:
9585:
9581:
9576:
9572:
9566:
9562:
9557:
9553:
9547:
9543:
9538:
9534:
9529:
9525:
9519:
9514:
9513:
9506:
9502:
9496:
9491:
9490:
9483:
9479:
9467:
9452:
9446:
9442:
9441:
9435:
9431:
9425:
9421:
9416:
9412:
9407:
9403:
9397:
9393:
9388:
9384:
9378:
9374:
9369:
9365:
9359:
9355:
9350:
9346:
9340:
9336:
9331:
9327:
9321:
9317:
9312:
9308:
9302:
9298:
9293:
9289:
9283:
9279:
9274:
9270:
9264:
9260:
9255:
9251:
9246:
9242:
9238:
9234:
9230:
9225:
9221:
9216:
9212:
9207:
9203:
9197:
9193:
9188:
9184:
9178:
9174:
9169:
9165:
9159:
9155:
9150:
9146:
9140:
9136:
9131:
9127:
9121:
9117:
9113:
9109:
9105:
9100:
9096:
9090:
9086:
9081:
9077:
9076:
9070:
9066:
9060:
9056:
9051:
9047:
9043:
9039:
9035:
9031:
9027:
9022:
9018:
9012:
9008:
9003:
8999:
8995:
8991:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8974:
8970:
8964:
8959:
8958:
8951:
8947:
8941:
8937:
8932:
8928:
8922:
8918:
8913:
8909:
8903:
8898:
8897:
8890:
8885:
8884:
8877:
8873:
8867:
8863:
8858:
8854:
8848:
8844:
8839:
8835:
8829:
8825:
8820:
8816:
8810:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8794:
8789:
8785:
8779:
8775:
8770:
8766:
8760:
8756:
8752:
8747:
8743:
8737:
8733:
8729:
8725:
8721:
8717:
8711:
8707:
8702:
8698:
8694:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8678:
8673:
8669:
8663:
8659:
8658:
8652:
8637:
8633:
8627:
8623:
8622:
8614:
8609:
8605:
8599:
8595:
8590:
8586:
8581:
8577:
8573:
8569:
8565:
8561:
8557:
8553:
8549:
8544:
8540:
8534:
8531:. Routledge.
8530:
8526:
8525:Badian, Ernst
8522:
8521:
8510:
8506:
8503:
8499:
8495:
8492:
8488:
8484:
8481:
8478:
8474:
8471:
8467:
8463:
8460:
8456:
8453:
8449:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8436:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8422:
8419:
8415:
8412:
8408:
8407:
8402:
8398:
8394:
8391:
8387:
8384:
8380:
8379:
8374:
8370:
8366:
8363:
8359:
8356:
8352:
8351:
8346:
8342:
8338:
8335:
8331:
8328:
8324:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8311:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8298:
8294:
8291:
8287:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8274:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8261:
8257:
8254:
8250:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8237:
8234:
8230:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8217:
8214:
8211:
8207:
8204:
8200:
8196:
8193:
8190:
8186:
8183:
8179:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8168:
8164:Demosthenes,
8162:
8158:
8156:
8154:
8150:Demosthenes,
8148:
8144:
8142:
8140:
8136:Demosthenes,
8134:
8130:
8128:
8126:
8122:Demosthenes,
8120:
8116:
8114:
8112:
8108:Demosthenes,
8106:
8102:
8100:
8098:
8094:Demosthenes,
8092:
8088:
8086:
8084:
8080:Demosthenes,
8078:
8074:
8071:
8067:
8064:
8060:
8059:On Halonnesus
8056:
8053:
8049:
8046:
8042:
8039:Demosthenes,
8038:
8036:
8035:
8031:Demosthenes,
8029:
8025:
8023:
8021:
8017:Demosthenes,
8015:
8011:
8009:
8007:
8003:Demosthenes,
8001:
7997:
7994:
7990:
7987:
7983:
7980:Demosthenes,
7979:
7976:
7972:
7969:
7965:
7962:Demosthenes,
7961:
7958:
7954:
7951:
7947:
7944:Demosthenes,
7943:
7940:
7936:
7933:
7929:
7926:Demosthenes,
7925:
7922:
7918:
7915:
7911:
7908:Demosthenes,
7907:
7904:
7900:
7897:
7893:
7889:
7886:
7882:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7868:
7864:
7861:
7857:
7855:
7849:
7845:
7843:
7839:
7836:
7832:
7828:
7825:
7822:
7818:
7817:
7812:
7809:
7806:
7802:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7788:
7784:
7781:
7777:
7773:
7770:
7766:
7763:
7759:
7755:
7752:
7751:
7733:
7727:
7720:
7716:
7710:
7703:
7700:J. H. Vince,
7697:
7690:
7686:
7683:A. Schaefer,
7680:
7673:
7667:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7646:
7640:
7636:
7633:
7629:
7623:
7617:
7613:
7610:
7606:
7600:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7577:
7571:
7565:
7561:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7546:
7543:
7539:
7533:
7526:
7522:
7516:
7509:
7505:
7499:
7491:
7487:
7484:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7469:
7465:
7459:
7452:
7448:
7445:
7441:
7438:Demosthenes,
7435:
7428:
7425:J. H. Vince,
7422:
7415:
7409:
7403:
7396:
7392:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7371:
7368:Demosthenes,
7365:
7357:
7353:
7350:
7346:
7343:Demosthenes,
7340:
7331:
7324:
7320:
7314:
7307:
7301:
7297:
7294:
7290:
7284:
7277:
7271:
7264:
7259:
7255:
7252:
7248:
7242:
7235:
7232:* D. Hawhee,
7230:
7226:
7223:
7219:
7213:
7206:
7202:
7196:
7190:
7186:
7183:
7179:
7178:Institutiones
7175:
7171:
7168:
7164:
7158:
7152:
7146:
7139:
7133:
7126:
7120:
7111:
7104:
7101:E. M. Burke,
7098:
7091:
7085:
7078:
7072:
7057:
7053:
7049:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7027:
7023:
7022:
7014:
6999:
6995:
6993:
6992:Demosthenesia
6985:
6977:
6973:
6972:Knot Magazine
6969:
6962:
6955:
6949:
6942:
6935:
6929:
6920:
6911:
6902:
6895:
6891:
6885:
6879:, III, 1, 60.
6878:
6872:
6865:
6859:
6852:
6845:
6838:
6834:
6828:
6821:
6815:
6809:
6802:
6796:
6789:
6783:
6774:
6767:
6761:
6754:
6748:
6740:
6732:
6726:
6722:
6719:
6715:
6709:
6700:
6693:
6687:
6680:
6674:
6666:
6662:
6661:"Demosthenes"
6656:
6647:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6612:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6577:
6571:
6567:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6549:
6545:
6539:
6532:
6526:
6519:
6513:
6507:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6486:
6477:
6471:
6467:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6447:
6441:
6433:
6429:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6407:
6401:
6395:
6391:
6388:
6384:
6383:Institutiones
6380:
6374:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6357:
6351:
6342:
6335:
6329:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6296:
6293:; Dionysius,
6292:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6275:
6266:
6259:
6253:
6247:
6240:
6234:
6232:
6224:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6206:
6200:
6193:
6187:
6185:
6177:
6171:
6169:
6167:
6157:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6128:
6124:
6121:
6117:
6111:
6109:
6101:
6095:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6072:
6070:
6061:
6055:
6051:
6044:
6038:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6021:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6004:
5998:
5991:
5985:
5979:
5975:
5972:Demosthenes,
5969:
5962:
5958:
5952:
5944:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5918:
5912:
5904:
5898:
5896:
5887:
5881:
5879:
5870:
5864:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5847:
5841:
5834:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5804:
5803:
5795:
5788:
5782:
5775:
5772:L.A. Tritle,
5769:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5752:Demosthenes,
5749:
5743:
5739:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5719:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5698:
5691:
5688:P.J. Rhodes,
5685:
5678:
5674:
5669:
5665:
5662:Demosthenes,
5659:
5652:
5648:
5643:
5639:
5636:Demosthenes,
5633:
5626:
5620:
5613:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5593:Demosthenes,
5590:
5583:
5578:
5574:
5571:Demosthenes,
5568:
5561:
5555:
5548:
5543:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5527:
5521:
5517:
5514:Demosthenes,
5511:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5465:
5462:Demosthenes,
5459:
5450:
5443:
5438:
5434:
5431:Demosthenes,
5428:
5422:
5418:
5415:Demosthenes,
5412:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5385:Demosthenes,
5382:
5375:
5371:
5366:
5362:
5359:Demosthenes,
5356:
5349:
5344:
5340:
5337:Demosthenes,
5334:
5327:
5322:
5318:
5315:Demosthenes,
5312:
5310:
5302:
5297:
5293:
5290:Demosthenes,
5287:
5280:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5250:
5246:
5243:Demosthenes,
5240:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5220:Demosthenes,
5217:
5210:
5204:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5171:Demosthenes,
5168:
5160:
5156:
5153:Demosthenes,
5150:
5142:
5138:
5135:Demosthenes,
5132:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5109:Demosthenes,
5106:
5099:
5093:
5084:
5078:
5074:
5071:Demosthenes,
5068:
5060:
5056:
5053:Demosthenes,
5050:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5027:Demosthenes,
5024:
5018:
5014:
5011:Demosthenes,
5008:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:Demosthenes,
4985:
4978:
4975:D. Phillips,
4972:
4965:
4962:M.H. Hansen,
4959:
4950:
4941:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4915:
4906:
4899:
4893:
4886:
4880:
4873:
4867:
4860:
4854:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4830:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4808:
4799:
4792:
4791:Greek Oratory
4786:
4784:
4776:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4763:Π 1612.301-10
4762:
4755:
4748:
4742:
4733:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4700:; Aeschines,
4699:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4676:, Intro. xii.
4675:
4669:
4662:
4654:
4647:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4628:Demosthenes,
4625:
4616:
4614:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:; Aeschines,
4544:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4412:
4406:
4399:
4393:
4386:
4380:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4308:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4228:
4227:
4220:
4214:
4207:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4167:
4164:* C. A. Cox,
4161:
4158:; Athenaeus,
4157:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4082:
4076:
4067:
4060:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4041:Demosthenes,
4038:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4018:Demosthenes,
4015:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:Demosthenes,
3986:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3911:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3878:
3872:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3852:Institutiones
3849:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3808:
3802:
3794:
3782:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3761:
3757:
3748:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3713:On Halonnesus
3710:
3706:
3703:
3702:Erotic Essay,
3699:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3672:According to
3670:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3615:Kenneth Dover
3612:
3608:
3604:
3603:Hartmut Erbse
3600:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3406:
3405:
3397:
3396:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3373:Demosthenesia
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3351:Later honours
3348:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3230:Thomas Wilson
3227:
3226:Jacques Amyot
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:Toulmin model
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Talking point
3083:
3081:
3080:Speechwriting
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2901:Argumentation
2899:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2737:De Inventione
2734:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2417:War-mongering
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2383:Progymnasmata
2381:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:Maiden speech
2349:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1952:Modern period
1950:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1899:Ancient India
1897:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Attic orators
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1776:According to
1774:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1709:Werner Jaeger
1706:
1702:
1691:
1688:Demosthenes (
1687:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1621:Demosthenes (
1620:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:Mogens Hansen
1604:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1562:
1559:
1558:On the Crown,
1548:
1544:
1541:Demosthenes (
1540:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1137:Demosthenes (
1136:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1079:
1076:Demosthenes (
1075:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:raison d'être
1013:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
967:
963:
958:
953:
950:Philip II of
948:
943:
939:
924:
922:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
889:
884:
879:
876:
865:
861:
857:
853:
848:
836:
825:
823:
815:
812:
811:
806:
797:
793:
792:
787:
786:
781:
780:
769:
766:Demosthenes (
765:
764:
760:
759:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
727:
720:
716:
712:
702:
700:
699:Theoric Funds
696:
695:
689:
683:
681:
677:
667:
664:Demosthenes (
663:
662:
658:
657:
654:
651:
644:
637:
626:
614:
610:
605:
596:
594:
593:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
564:
560:
556:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
513:archaeologist
510:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
438:
434:
433:
426:
425:
418:
414:
409:
407:
404:According to
402:
400:
396:
391:
385:
380:
374:
372:
368:
364:
363:
357:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
326:
321:
307:
304:
299:
294:
289:
285:
281:
280:Attic orators
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
192:
186:
180:
171:
165:
120:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
91:
87:
83:
77:
73:
68:
64:
59:
54:
47:
40:
32:
27:
19:
13534:Dionysopolis
13504:Abonoteichos
13456:Pantikapaion
13046:Hybla Heraea
12382:Architecture
12338:Prostitution
12027:Aristophanes
11886:Philosophers
11856:Philosophers
11688:Spartan army
11419:(280–146 BC)
11407:(338–322 BC)
11401:(370–168 BC)
11389:(374–196 BC)
11383:(378–355 BC)
11365:(430–348 BC)
11359:(478–404 BC)
11353:(499–449 BC)
11040:Peloponnesus
10962:Roman Greece
10800:Themistocles
10720:Eratosthenes
10699:
10640:Callistratus
10625:Aristogeiton
10530:
10443:Erotic Essay
10315:For Phormion
10245:On the Crown
10169:On the Peace
10143:
9931:Online books
9921:
9898:
9877:
9868:
9859:
9840:
9831:
9822:
9813:
9803:
9793:
9765:
9746:
9732:(1): 63–76.
9729:
9725:
9706:
9685:
9650:
9646:
9632:(1): 37–43.
9629:
9625:
9606:
9597:
9588:
9579:
9560:
9541:
9532:
9511:
9488:
9454:. Retrieved
9439:
9419:
9410:
9391:
9372:
9353:
9334:
9315:
9296:
9277:
9258:
9249:
9240:
9228:
9219:
9210:
9191:
9172:
9153:
9134:
9107:
9084:
9074:
9054:
9029:
9025:
9006:
8981:
8977:
8956:
8935:
8916:
8895:
8882:
8861:
8842:
8823:
8804:
8792:
8773:
8750:
8727:
8705:
8680:
8676:
8656:
8643:. Retrieved
8636:the original
8620:
8593:
8584:
8554:(1): 46–80.
8551:
8547:
8528:
8486:
8466:Demosthenes.
8465:
8447:
8427:
8404:
8376:
8348:
8322:
8307:Sacred Texts
8302:
8290:Sacred Texts
8285:
8272:
8248:
8228:
8219:
8198:
8177:
8165:
8151:
8137:
8123:
8111:On the Peace
8109:
8095:
8083:On the Crown
8081:
8058:
8040:
8032:
8018:
8004:
7981:
7963:
7945:
7927:
7909:
7891:
7873:
7852:
7830:
7814:
7793:
7775:
7757:
7731:
7726:
7718:
7714:
7713:F. J. Long,
7709:
7701:
7696:
7688:
7684:
7679:
7671:
7666:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7645:
7627:
7622:
7604:
7599:
7591:
7587:
7583:
7579:
7575:
7570:
7552:
7551:; Dinarcus,
7537:
7532:
7524:
7520:
7515:
7507:
7503:
7498:
7478:
7477:; Plutarch,
7463:
7458:
7442:, Speeches,
7439:
7434:
7426:
7421:
7413:
7407:
7402:
7394:
7390:
7381:
7369:
7364:
7344:
7339:
7330:
7322:
7318:
7312:
7306:
7288:
7283:
7275:
7270:
7262:
7246:
7241:
7233:
7217:
7212:
7204:
7200:
7199:K. Tsatsos,
7195:
7177:
7162:
7157:
7151:Demosthenes.
7145:
7137:
7132:
7124:
7123:K. Tsatsos,
7119:
7110:
7102:
7097:
7089:
7084:
7076:
7071:
7059:. Retrieved
7025:
7020:
7013:
7001:. Retrieved
6997:
6991:
6984:
6976:the original
6971:
6961:
6953:
6952:; F. Blass,
6947:
6941:
6933:
6928:
6919:
6910:
6901:
6893:
6889:
6884:
6876:
6871:
6863:
6858:
6850:
6844:
6836:
6832:
6827:
6819:
6813:
6808:
6800:
6795:
6787:
6786:K. Tsatsos,
6782:
6773:
6765:
6760:
6752:
6747:
6738:
6731:
6713:
6708:
6699:
6691:
6686:
6678:
6673:
6665:Encyclopedia
6664:
6655:
6646:
6621:
6617:
6611:
6586:
6582:
6576:
6558:
6557:; Plutarch,
6543:
6538:
6530:
6525:
6517:
6512:
6490:
6485:
6476:
6458:
6453:
6445:
6440:
6420:
6419:; Plutarch,
6405:
6400:
6382:
6378:
6373:
6355:
6350:
6341:
6333:
6328:
6313:H. T. Peck,
6294:
6279:
6274:
6265:
6257:
6251:
6246:
6238:
6222:
6204:
6199:
6191:
6190:K. Tsatsos,
6175:
6156:
6138:
6133:
6115:
6099:
6094:
6076:
6049:
6043:
6025:
6020:
6002:
5997:
5989:
5984:
5974:On the Crown
5973:
5968:
5956:
5955:K. Tsatsos,
5951:
5942:
5911:
5863:
5845:
5840:
5832:
5816:
5811:
5801:
5794:
5786:
5781:
5773:
5768:
5754:On the Crown
5753:
5748:
5730:
5725:
5717:
5703:Demosthenes,
5702:
5697:
5689:
5684:
5676:
5672:
5664:On the Crown
5663:
5658:
5650:
5646:
5638:On the Crown
5637:
5632:
5624:
5619:
5611:
5610:* C. Carey,
5595:On the Crown
5594:
5589:
5581:
5572:
5567:
5559:
5558:K. Tsatsos,
5554:
5546:
5531:
5526:
5515:
5510:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5487:
5479:
5478:T. Buckley,
5474:
5463:
5458:
5449:
5441:
5432:
5427:
5417:On the Crown
5416:
5411:
5403:
5395:On the Peace
5394:
5387:On the Crown
5386:
5381:
5373:
5369:
5361:On the Crown
5360:
5355:
5347:
5339:On the Crown
5338:
5333:
5325:
5317:On the Crown
5316:
5300:
5291:
5286:
5278:
5262:
5257:
5244:
5239:
5221:
5216:
5208:
5203:
5195:
5190:
5172:
5167:
5155:On the Peace
5154:
5149:
5137:On the Peace
5136:
5131:
5118:
5110:
5105:
5097:
5092:
5083:
5072:
5067:
5054:
5049:
5036:
5028:
5023:
5012:
5007:
4989:
4984:
4976:
4971:
4963:
4958:
4949:
4940:
4932:
4928:
4923:
4914:
4905:
4897:
4892:
4884:
4879:
4871:
4866:
4858:
4853:
4845:
4841:
4836:
4828:
4807:
4798:
4790:
4774:
4773:* H. Yunis,
4760:
4754:
4746:
4741:
4732:
4724:
4719:
4701:
4686:
4681:
4673:
4668:
4660:
4659:* H. Yunis,
4653:
4645:
4629:
4624:
4592:
4587:
4569:
4564:
4546:
4531:
4526:
4518:
4513:
4495:
4490:
4472:
4467:
4449:
4423:
4418:
4410:
4405:
4397:
4392:
4384:
4383:K. Tsatsos,
4379:
4360:
4345:R. C. Jebb,
4312:
4307:
4299:
4294:
4276:
4271:
4263:
4258:
4240:
4235:
4224:
4218:
4213:
4205:
4178:
4173:
4165:
4159:
4144:
4139:
4121:
4116:
4098:
4080:
4075:
4066:
4058:
4042:
4037:
4019:
4014:
4006:
3990:
3985:
3973:. Retrieved
3964:
3955:
3947:
3946:O. Thomsen,
3942:
3924:
3919:
3910:
3892:
3876:
3871:
3851:
3836:
3821:
3816:
3809:, 12.4, 34.4
3806:
3801:
3767:
3760:
3739:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3650:
3649:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3611:George Grote
3606:
3598:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3566:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3372:
3354:
3338:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:Symbouleutic
3308:
3302:
3286:
3278:
3248:
3234:
3203:
3186:
3176:
3170:
3144:
3025:Glossophobia
2997:
2916:Constitutive
2875:
2865:
2855:
2845:
2835:
2825:
2815:
2805:
2795:
2785:
2775:
2765:
2755:
2745:
2735:
2725:
2715:
2705:
2695:
2685:
2675:
2550:
2499:Rhetoricians
2412:Stump speech
2329:Invitational
2282:
2267:Dissoi logoi
2265:
2244:Deliberative
2236:Controversia
2234:
2197:
2190:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2123:
2116:
2104:Pronuntiatio
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2033:
2021:
2012:
1995:
1988:
1971:
1942:
1904:Ancient Rome
1817:
1810:
1798:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1767:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1713:
1697:
1690:On the Crown
1689:
1664:
1639:(modern-day
1630:
1622:
1605:
1597:
1586:
1557:
1554:
1547:On the Crown
1546:
1543:On the Crown
1542:
1529:On the Crown
1522:On the Crown
1521:
1520:Delivery of
1501:
1474:
1446:
1389:
1361:
1329:
1303:
1297:
1279:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1228:On the Peace
1226:
1200:
1189:
1177:
1161:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1113:
1091:
1085:
1077:
1039:Theoric fund
1032:
1030:
1025:
990:
971:
960:) struck in
917:
896:
892:
886:
882:
880:
863:
855:
819:
816:
804:
795:
789:
783:
777:
775:
767:
744:
722:
694:quid pro quo
692:
684:
673:
666:On the Crown
665:
622:
619:Legal career
612:
609:Walter Crane
590:
580:
568:
558:
543:
526:, a British
517:
496:Theophrastus
452:Callistratus
444:
410:
403:
398:
394:
375:
360:
358:
330:
267:
265:
246:
235:
118:
117:
26:
13760:Demosthenes
13682:Place names
13594:Salmydessus
13416:Kalos Limen
13396:Chersonesus
13386:Borysthenes
13091:Tauromenion
12903:Metapontion
12665:Proto-Greek
12618:Erechtheion
12613:Athena Nike
12575:Philippeion
12404:Mathematics
12375:and science
12258:Agriculture
12122:Stesichorus
12032:Bacchylides
12022:Archilochus
11909:Antisthenes
11899:Anaximander
11871:Seven Sages
11861:Playwrights
11841:Geographers
11836:Astronomers
11663:Pezhetairos
11290: 1100
11270:Federations
11169:Megalopolis
11106:City states
11081:City states
10810:Thrasybulus
10790:Pisistratus
10700:Demosthenes
10660:Cleisthenes
10650:Chremonides
10585:politicians
10531:Demosthenes
10146:'s orations
10144:Demosthenes
9922:Demosthenes
9823:Demosthenes
9804:Demosthenes
9653:(1): 1–25.
9533:Demosthenes
9337:. To Asty.
9055:Demosthenes
8984:: 117–136.
8470:translation
8452:translation
8378:Demosthenes
7792:Aeschines,
7774:Aeschines,
7659:Demosthenes
7628:Demosthenes
7603:Pausanias,
7536:Aeschines,
7525:Demosthenes
7521:Demosthenes
7506:; H. Weil,
7479:Demosthenes
7462:Aeschines,
7429:I, 242–243.
7427:Demosthenes
7414:Demosthenes
7319:Demosthenes
7289:Demosthenes
7247:Demosthenes
7234:Bodily Arts
7218:Demosthenes
7201:Demosthenes
7125:Demosthenes
6788:Demosthenes
6751:G. Gibson,
6714:Demosthenes
6559:Demosthenes
6542:Aeschines,
6459:Demosthenes
6377:Dionysius,
6354:Aeschines,
6334:Demosthenes
6332:W. Jaeger,
6256:* C.Carey,
6252:Demosthenes
6192:Demosthenes
6116:Demosthenes
6100:Demosthenes
6077:Demosthenes
6026:Demosthenes
6003:Demosthenes
5988:A. Duncan,
5957:Demosthenes
5718:Demosthenes
5673:Demosthenes
5647:Demosthenes
5560:Demosthenes
5261:Aeschines,
4898:Demosthenes
4725:Demosthenes
4685:Aeschines,
4570:Demosthenes
4530:Aeschines,
4496:Demosthenes
4473:Demosthenes
4450:Demosthenes
4424:Demosthenes
4385:Demosthenes
4313:Demosthenes
4277:Demosthenes
4241:Demosthenes
4177:Aeschines,
4143:Aeschines,
4120:Aeschines,
4097:Aeschines,
4081:Demosthenes
3923:Aeschines,
3891:Aeschines,
3789:|work=
3768:Demosthenes
3557:and in the
3345:Callimachus
3298:manuscripts
3289:Hellenistic
3210:Renaissance
3206:Middle Ages
3204:During the
3159:Mark Antony
3105:Wooden iron
3065:Rhetrickery
3040:Oral skills
2976:Composition
2911:Contrastive
2731:(c. 350 BC)
2721:(c. 350 BC)
2711:(c. 350 BC)
2701:(c. 350 BC)
2691:(c. 370 BC)
2551:Demosthenes
2531:Brueggemann
2466:Ideological
2317:Homiletics
2230:Declamation
2220:Apologetics
2070:Five canons
1938:Renaissance
1921:Middle Ages
1656:Assessments
1485:Triballians
1263:Peloponnese
1157:rule of law
993:Thermopylae
982:Macedonians
905:Megalopolis
883:On the Navy
636:logographos
625:logographer
536:academician
511:, a German
476:Quintillian
460:philologist
458:, a German
231:legal suits
223:logographer
191:Attic Greek
185:Dēmosthénēs
119:Demosthenes
111:Logographer
78:384 BC
43:Demosthenes
13754:Categories
13584:Polemonion
13461:Phanagoria
13431:Kimmerikon
13426:Kerkinitis
13411:Hermonassa
13401:Dioscurias
13297:Aspalathos
13244:Kalathousa
13219:Akra Leuke
13148:Phoenicusa
12933:Scylletium
12918:Poseidonia
12838:Brentesion
12725:Pamphylian
12720:Macedonian
12638:Samothrace
12623:Hephaestus
12570:Long Walls
12549:Structures
12490:Underworld
12436:Technology
12399:Literature
12333:Philosophy
12298:Euergetism
12187:By culture
12132:Thucydides
11974:Pythagoras
11969:Protagoras
11959:Parmenides
11944:Heraclitus
11929:Empedocles
11919:Democritus
11904:Anaximenes
11894:Anaxagoras
11846:Historians
11339: 595
11326: 550
11307: 800
11292: – c.
11220:Cappadocia
11025:Ionian Sea
11015:Hellespont
10980:Aegean Sea
10830:Xanthippus
10815:Thucydides
10805:Theramenes
10740:Hypereides
10735:Hyperbolus
10690:Demochares
10630:Aristophon
10605:Alcibiades
10536:Hypereides
10430:Epideictic
9832:Demosthène
8483:Quintilian
8448:Aeschines.
8428:Histories.
8225:Hypereides
7854:De Oratore
7670:F. Blass,
7661:, 307–309.
7626:Plutarch,
7584:Hypereides
7519:Plutarch,
7287:Plutarch,
7274:H. Yunis,
7245:Plutarch,
7216:Plutarch,
7088:E. Cohen,
7075:E. Cohen,
6875:F. Blass,
6862:H. Yunis,
6831:H. Yunis,
6799:V. Marcu,
6712:Plutarch,
6529:H. Yunis,
6520:, 233–235.
6457:Plutarch,
6336:, 123–124.
6250:Plutarch,
6194:, 318–326.
6174:C. Carey,
6137:Polybius,
6114:Plutarch,
6075:Plutarch,
6024:Plutarch,
6001:Plutarch,
5844:Plutarch,
5785:P. Green,
5729:Diodorus,
5720:, 284–285.
5701:Plutarch,
5627:, 7–8, 11.
5623:C. Carey,
5493:Aeschines,
5350:, 102–103.
5328:, 102–103.
5303:, 102–103.
5207:H. Yunis,
5198:, 113–117.
4883:H. Yunis,
4870:H. Yunis,
4831:, 116–117.
4789:S. Usher,
4723:Plutarch,
4593:De Oratore
4568:Plutarch,
4517:H. Yunis,
4494:Plutarch,
4471:Plutarch,
4448:Plutarch,
4422:Plutarch,
4311:Plutarch,
4275:Plutarch,
4239:Plutarch,
4162:, XIII, 63
3805:Longinus,
3752:References
3678:Philoxenus
3489:Henri Weil
3453:Phanagoria
3329:Epideictic
3241:Henry Clay
3218:John Jewel
3163:Philippics
2961:Technology
2951:Procedural
2771:(c. 50 BC)
2757:De Oratore
2621:Quintilian
2616:Protagoras
2471:Metaphoric
2395:Propaganda
2278:Epideictic
2192:Sotto voce
2146:Persuasion
2141:Operations
2083:Dispositio
1979:Chironomia
1792:ex tempore
1764:, Munich).
1762:Glyptothek
1736:existence.
1667:Theopompus
1633:Lamian War
1601:Alkibiades
1593:Hypereides
1545:, 198)—In
1527:See also:
1460:, to King
1294:Diopeithes
1286:Chersonese
1192:Amphipolis
1180:Chalcidice
1093:Olynthiacs
974:Amphipolis
957:nikétérion
942:Olynthiacs
852:Old Comedy
709:See also:
630:λογογράφος
540:Thucydides
500:Xenocrates
413:pederastic
293:lex orandi
288:Quintilian
174:Δημοσθένης
107:Occupation
50:Δημοσθένης
18:Demostenes
13670:in Epirus
13619:Trapezous
13564:Mesambria
13549:Eupatoria
13519:Apollonia
13514:Anchialos
13476:Theodosia
13446:Nymphaion
13436:Myrmekion
13406:Gorgippia
13362:Black Sea
13347:Tragurion
13332:Nymphaion
13317:Epidauros
13312:Epidamnos
13302:Apollonia
13279:Zacynthos
13201:Ptolemais
13195:Apollonia
13168:Cyrenaica
13158:Therassía
13153:Strongyle
13133:Ereikousa
13056:Leontinoi
12996:Apollonia
12873:Hipponion
12670:Mycenaean
12633:Parthenon
12565:Lion Gate
12468:Mythology
12431:Sculpture
12394:Astronomy
12328:Pederasty
12303:Festivals
12288:Education
12168:Lawgivers
12137:Timocreon
12117:Sophocles
12112:Simonides
12087:Philocles
12082:Panyassis
12077:Mimnermus
12042:Herodotus
12037:Euripides
12007:Aeschylus
11954:Leucippus
11914:Aristotle
11693:Strategos
11559:Synedrion
11513:Ostracism
11493:Areopagus
11445:Free city
11240:Macedonia
11124:Byzantion
11030:Macedonia
10995:Cyrenaica
10972:Geography
10906:Geography
10825:Timotheus
10765:Moerocles
10760:Miltiades
10715:Ephialtes
10710:Echedemos
10645:Charmides
10620:Aristides
10610:Andocides
10600:Agyrrhius
10595:Aeschines
10541:Dinarchus
10521:Aeschines
10511:Isocrates
10501:Andocides
10152:Political
9675:163140669
9476:ignored (
9466:cite book
9456:8 October
9026:Mnemosyne
8706:Aeschines
8576:154402448
8319:Pausanias
8174:Dinarchus
7890:Demades,
7811:Athenaeus
7754:Aeschines
7180:, XII, 2.
7061:1 January
7056:187926901
7003:25 August
6694:, X, 119.
6690:Juvenal,
6638:162267631
6603:145293706
6258:Aeschines
6176:Aeschines
6139:Histories
5815:Demades,
5625:Aeschines
5612:Aeschines
5584:, ch. 13.
5549:, ch. 13.
5503:(in fine)
5501:, ch. 12
5444:, ch. 12.
5406:, ch. 12.
5376:, ch. 12.
5281:, ch. 12.
4844:, ch. 7 (
4749:, xiv–xv.
4672:J Vince,
4409:H. Weil,
3875:H. Weil,
3791:ignored (
3781:cite book
3674:Pausanias
3644:Dinarchus
3485:Eubulides
3441:Nymphaeum
3369:Ericaceae
3341:prologues
3313:political
3151:Caecilius
3075:Seduction
2906:Cognitive
2894:Subfields
2821:(100–400)
2576:Isocrates
2516:Augustine
2506:Aristotle
2481:Narrative
2431:Criticism
2376:Philippic
2290:Panegyric
2273:Elocution
2254:Dialectic
2174:Situation
2035:Facilitas
2029:Enthymeme
2008:Eloquence
1990:Delectare
1813:phronesis
1760:in 1825 (
1701:Macedonia
1650:Prytaneum
1637:Kalaureia
1581:Kalaureia
1481:Illyrians
1477:Thracians
1417:Thersites
1413:Agamemnon
1397:Chaeronea
1380:Acarnania
1353:Cephissus
1345:Amfissian
1332:Byzantium
1053:hoplī́tēs
968:, Paris).
888:symmoriai
875:apóphasis
860:Areopagus
737:trierarch
680:Andocides
650:sunégoros
643:συνήγορος
587:rhotacism
542:. In the
528:classical
492:Aristotle
468:Isocrates
441:Education
349:Kleoboule
345:Aeschines
257:Antipater
249:Macedonia
179:romanized
96:Kalaureia
13719:Category
13697:Theatres
13624:Tripolis
13559:Kerasous
13554:Heraclea
13486:Tyritake
13441:Nikonion
13352:Thronion
13274:Salauris
13229:Emporion
13186:Berenice
13176:Balagrae
13128:Euonymos
13101:Tyndaris
13086:Syracuse
13081:Selinous
13051:Kamarina
13006:Casmenae
12991:Akrillai
12908:Neápolis
12843:Caulonia
12824:Mainland
12755:Linear B
12750:Linear A
12680:Dialects
12657:Language
12451:Religion
12409:Medicine
12343:Religion
12308:Folklore
12293:Emporium
12268:Clothing
12263:Calendar
12147:Xenophon
12142:Tyrtaeus
12127:Theognis
12102:Polybius
12097:Plutarch
12072:Menander
12052:Hipponax
11979:Socrates
11934:Epicurus
11780:Diadochi
11678:Sciritae
11638:Hetairoi
11613:Ballista
11578:Military
11541:Gerousia
11531:Ekklesia
11498:Ecclesia
11480:Athenian
11428:Politics
11341:–279 BC)
11328:–366 BC)
11309:–389 BC)
11245:Pergamon
11215:Bithynia
11208:Kingdoms
11149:Pergamon
11091:Military
11086:Politics
10883:Timeline
10820:Timoleon
10780:Philinus
10775:Pericles
10755:Lysicles
10750:Lycurgus
10695:Democles
10665:Cleophon
10635:Autocles
10615:Archinus
10526:Lycurgus
10496:Antiphon
10238:Judicial
10103:Archived
10074:Archived
10062:Archived
10050:Archived
10027:LibriVox
9996:Archived
9979:Archived
9967:Archived
9955:Archived
8726:(1978).
8568:30222776
8505:Archived
8494:Archived
8473:Archived
8455:Archived
8435:Archived
8424:Polybius
8414:Archived
8401:Plutarch
8386:Archived
8373:Plutarch
8358:Archived
8345:Plutarch
8330:Archived
8310:Archived
8301:Lucian,
8293:Archived
8269:Longinus
8264:M. Madan
8256:Archived
8249:Saturae.
8236:Archived
8206:Archived
8199:Library.
8185:Archived
8066:Archived
8048:Archived
7989:Archived
7971:Archived
7953:Archived
7935:Archived
7917:Archived
7899:Archived
7881:Archived
7872:Cicero,
7863:Archived
7851:Cicero,
7838:Archived
7801:Archived
7783:Archived
7765:Archived
7691:, 66–67.
7635:Archived
7612:Archived
7560:Archived
7545:Archived
7527:, 845ff.
7486:Archived
7471:Archived
7447:Archived
7410:, ch. 13
7352:Archived
7296:Archived
7254:Archived
7225:Archived
7207:, 10–11.
7185:Archived
7170:Archived
7161:Cicero,
6853:, 26–27.
6839:, 66–67.
6721:Archived
6566:Archived
6551:Archived
6498:Archived
6489:Cicero,
6466:Archived
6428:Archived
6413:Archived
6404:Cicero,
6390:Archived
6363:Archived
6318:Archived
6287:Archived
6278:Cicero,
6225:120–122.
6178:, 12–14.
6146:Archived
6123:Archived
6084:Archived
6033:Archived
6010:Archived
5853:Archived
5824:Archived
5738:Archived
5709:Archived
5679:, 41–42.
5653:, 41–42.
5538:Archived
5270:Archived
5229:Archived
5180:Archived
4997:Archived
4874:, 9, 22.
4766:Archived
4709:Archived
4694:Archived
4637:Archived
4600:Archived
4591:Cicero,
4577:Archived
4554:Archived
4539:Archived
4503:Archived
4480:Archived
4457:Archived
4431:Archived
4413:, 10–11.
4396:Lucian,
4369:Archived
4350:Archived
4320:Archived
4298:Lucian,
4284:Archived
4248:Archived
4197:Archived
4186:Archived
4152:Archived
4129:Archived
4106:Archived
4061:, ch. 3.
4050:Archived
4027:Archived
4009:, ch. 3.
3998:Archived
3969:Archived
3932:Archived
3900:Archived
3859:Archived
3844:Archived
3829:Archived
3820:Cicero,
3773:Archived
3445:Bosporan
3379:See also
3323:judicial
3167:Classics
2946:Pedagogy
2926:Feminist
2697:Rhetoric
2687:Phaedrus
2681:(380 BC)
2631:Richards
2601:Perelman
2449:Pentadic
2444:Dramatic
2388:Suasoria
2366:Diatribe
2307:Forensic
2284:Encomium
2249:Demagogy
2118:Imitatio
2090:Elocutio
2076:Inventio
2046:Informal
1965:Concepts
1892:Sophists
1887:Calliope
1877:Atticism
1872:Asianism
1840:Rhetoric
1832:a series
1830:Part of
1806:Acharnae
1671:Polybius
1571:Harpalus
1514:Margites
1509:Μαργίτης
1493:Plutarch
1479:and the
1384:Boeotian
1348:Locrians
1203:Thessaly
1124:Dionysus
1088:Olynthus
1059:drachmas
1045:ὁπλῑ́της
997:Phocians
907:against
869:ἀπόφασις
864:ekklesia
847:loidoría
841:λοιδορία
749:choregos
676:Antiphon
592:Battaros
576:Pericles
572:ekklesia
520:drachmae
488:satirist
448:Plutarch
432:eromenos
367:Plutarch
353:Scythian
333:Olympiad
284:Longinus
225:) and a
218:rhetoric
210:orations
13739:Outline
13692:Temples
13629:Zaliche
13609:Thèrmae
13599:Sesamus
13569:Odessos
13544:Cytorus
13539:Cotyora
13289:Illyria
13254:Mainake
13249:Kypsela
13138:Hycesia
13096:Thermae
13076:Segesta
13066:Messana
13021:Helorus
13001:Calacte
12981:Akragas
12943:Sybaris
12928:Rhegion
12883:Krimisa
12833:Alision
12742:Writing
12715:Locrian
12705:Epirote
12675:Homeric
12608:Artemis
12595:Temples
12536:Olympia
12506:Eleusis
12441:Theatre
12426:Pottery
12353:Warfare
12348:Slavery
12283:Economy
12278:Cuisine
12273:Coinage
12250:Society
12235:Culture
12230:Society
12178:Tyrants
12017:Alcaeus
11999:Authors
11949:Hypatia
11939:Gorgias
11876:Writers
11698:Toxotai
11668:Sarissa
11658:Peltast
11653:Phalanx
11633:Hoplite
11628:Hippeis
11551:Macedon
11523:Spartan
11508:Heliaia
11455:Proxeny
11164:Larissa
11159:Kerkyra
11154:Eretria
11144:Miletus
11139:Ephesus
11134:Corinth
11129:Chalcis
11050:Taurica
10920:Periods
10901:History
10785:Phocion
10725:Eubulus
10680:Demades
10675:Critias
10041:His era
10016:at the
9834:. Plon.
9667:1562208
9638:3296953
9046:4433333
8645:19 July
8406:Phocion
8245:Juvenal
7742:Sources
7542:239–240
7315:. 2002.
6950:. 1952.
6741:. 2002.
6102:, 847d.
5963:. 1952.
5846:Phocion
5733:, XVI,
5731:Library
5437:111–113
4366:Isaeus.
4229:. 1952.
4194:165–166
4183:148–150
4083:, 847c.
3854:, X, 1.
3553:In the
3433:Crimean
3319:Dicanic
3200:(1838).
3155:Juvenal
2991:Related
2966:Therapy
2956:Science
2921:Digital
2801:(c. 50)
2791:(46 BC)
2781:(46 BC)
2761:(55 BC)
2751:(80 BC)
2741:(84 BC)
2677:Gorgias
2646:Toulmin
2641:Tacitus
2591:McLuhan
2566:Gorgias
2561:Erasmus
2556:Derrida
2521:Bakhtin
2511:Aspasia
2476:Mimesis
2439:Cluster
2371:Eristic
2361:Polemic
2356:Oratory
2334:Lecture
2097:Memoria
2041:Fallacy
1984:Decorum
1931:Trivium
1859:History
1720:general
1589:Phocion
1497:Phocion
1470:Attalus
1441:Pompeii
1409:Demades
1401:hoplite
1393:phalanx
1376:Corinth
1357:Elateia
1223:Demeter
1116:Meidias
999:at the
952:Macedon
901:Eubulus
835:diabolḗ
829:δῐᾰβολή
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509:Curtius
424:erastes
417:Plataea
379:talents
341:Paeania
238:Macedon
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13729:Portal
13677:People
13665:Cities
13604:Sinope
13589:Rhizos
13579:Phasis
13529:Bathus
13524:Athina
13509:Amisos
13471:Tanais
13466:Pityus
13391:Charax
13342:Pharos
13337:Orikon
13234:Helike
13224:Alonis
13191:Cyrene
13123:Didyme
13036:Himera
13011:Catana
12973:Sicily
12963:Thurii
12958:Terina
12923:Pixous
12878:Hydrus
12853:Croton
12685:Aeolic
12603:Aphaea
12526:Dodona
12511:Delphi
12480:Temple
12156:Others
12107:Sappho
12092:Pindar
12067:Lucian
12062:Ibycus
12047:Hesiod
11984:Thales
11752:Rulers
11731:People
11708:Xyston
11703:Xiphos
11564:Koinon
11470:Tyrant
11460:Stasis
11450:Koinon
11250:Pontus
11225:Epirus
11194:Sparta
11184:Rhodes
11179:Megara
11174:Thebes
11119:Athens
11045:Pontus
11010:Epirus
11000:Cyprus
10985:Aeolis
10770:Nicias
10745:Laches
10730:Hagnon
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3045:Orator
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2881:(1970)
2871:(1966)
2861:(1521)
2851:(1305)
2787:Orator
2727:Topics
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2322:Sermon
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2112:Hypsos
2058:Scheme
2023:Eunoia
2003:Device
1997:Docere
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1282:Epirus
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1219:Apollo
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1207:Pherae
1196:Thrace
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1098:Euboea
986:Persia
962:Tarsus
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909:Sparta
717:, and
599:Career
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484:Lucian
472:Cicero
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227:lawyer
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12938:Siris
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12826:Italy
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12710:Ionic
12700:Doric
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11866:Poets
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10705:Draco
10670:Cleon
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9634:JSTOR
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11989:Zeno
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