2777:
4586:
2964:
3753:
4417:
3643:
4863:
5762:
6966:
8883:
21766:
1882:
7111:
5530:
8610:
7173:
3332:
6252:
8510:
3870:, represent local constituencies and are directly elected for five-year terms. The Assembly has the power to dismiss the government by majority vote. Senators are chosen by an electoral college for six-year terms, with half the seats submitted to election every three years. The Senate's legislative powers are limited; in the event of disagreement between the two chambers, the National Assembly has the final say. The parliament is responsible for determining the rules and principles concerning most areas of law, political amnesty, and fiscal policy; however, the government may draft specific details concerning most laws.
4608:
3477:
7760:
22518:
7515:
4391:
22685:
9198:
191:
202:
24453:
23544:
9156:
2063:
23051:
2625:
4566:
5281:
21383:
3731:
2484:
9000:
8484:. Although the French film market is dominated by Hollywood, France is the only nation in the world where American films make up the smallest share of total film revenues, at 50%, compared with 77% in Germany and 69% in Japan. French films account for 35% of the total film revenues of France, which is the highest percentage of national film revenues in the developed world outside the United States, compared to 14% in Spain and 8% in the UK. In 2013 France was the second greatest exporter of films in the world, after the United States.
80:
8136:
6850:
5622:
5063:
5319:
5203:. At its peak in 1982, the public sector accounted for one-fifth of industrial employment and over four-fifths of the credit market. Beginning in the late 20th century, France loosened regulations and state involvement in the economy, with most leading companies now being privately owned; state ownership now dominates only transportation, defence and broadcasting. Policies aimed at promoting economic dynamism and privatisation have improved France's economic standing globally: it is among the world's 10 most
21311:
235:
7294:
6012:
3819:
2244:
3983:
21300:
21289:
3105:
24338:
2913:
22361:
888:
8772:
6262:
743:
710:
225:
26381:
25316:
23266:
22071:
21320:
20046:
8376:
23278:
22083:
21427:
21438:
66:
5299:
6811:(National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) estimated that the total number of foreign-born immigrants was around 5 million (8% of the population), while their French-born descendants numbered 6.5 million, or 11% of the population. Thus, nearly a fifth of the country's population were either first or second-generation immigrants, of which more than 5 million were of European origin and 4 million of
19969:
21374:
9142:
21365:
21356:
21406:
21349:
21392:
20036:
21418:
865:
846:
813:
794:
21334:
3803:. The President has the power to dissolve Parliament or circumvent it by submitting referendums directly to the people; the President also appoints judges and civil servants, negotiates and ratifies international agreements, as well as serves as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The Prime Minister determines public policy and oversees the civil service, with an emphasis on domestic matters. In the
212:
6768:
913:
9642:
5583:, at 56. Consequently, 70% of France's electricity is generated by nuclear power, the highest proportion in the world by a wide margin; only Slovakia and Ukraine also derive a majority of electricity from nuclear power, at roughly 53% and 51%, respectively. France is considered a world leader in nuclear technology, with reactors and fuel products being major exports.
3582:, the largest estuary in Western Europe which after approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Other water courses drain towards the Meuse and Rhine along the northeastern borders. France has 11,000,000 km (4,200,000 sq mi) of marine waters within three oceans under its jurisdiction, of which 97% are overseas.
6045:: By birth rates alone, it was responsible for almost all natural population growth in the European Union in 2006. Between 2006 and 2016, France saw the second-highest overall increase in population in the EU and was one of only four EU countries where natural births accounted for the most population growth. This was the highest rate since the end of the
7158:. The life expectancy at birth is 78 years for men and 85 years for women, one of the highest in the European Union and the World. There are 3.22 physicians for every 1000 inhabitants in France, and average health care spending per capita was US$ 4,719 in 2008. As of 2007, approximately 140,000 inhabitants (0.4%) of France are living with HIV/AIDS.
12438:
Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020).
7215:, ranked France's education as near the OECD average in 2018. France was one of the PISA-participating countries where school children perceived some of the lowest levels of support and feedback from their teachers. Schoolchildren in France reported greater concern about the disciplinary climate and behaviour in classrooms compared to other
7060:", whereby the king selected bishops rather than the papacy. Its role nowadays, however, has been greatly reduced, although, as of 2012, among the 47,000 religious buildings in France 94% were still Catholic churches. After alternating between royal and secular republican governments during the 19th century, in 1905 France passed the
4341:). Overseas collectivities and territories form part of the French Republic, but do not form part of the European Union or its fiscal area (except for Saint Barthélemy, which seceded from Guadeloupe in 2007). The Pacific Collectivities (COMs) of French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna, and New Caledonia continue to use the
12437:
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.;
6826:
In 2014, the INSEE reported a significant increase in the number of immigrants coming from Spain, Portugal and Italy between 2009 and 2012. According to the institute, this increase resulted from the financial crisis that hit several
European countries in that period. Statistics on Spanish immigrants
6795:
seekers, with an estimated 50,000 applications (albeit a 15% decrease from 2004). In 2010, France received about 48,100 asylum applications—placing it among the top five asylum recipients in the world. In subsequent years it saw the number of applications increase, ultimately doubling to 100,412 in
3932:
The electorate is constitutionally empowered to vote on amendments passed by the
Parliament and bills submitted by the president. Referendums have played a key role in shaping French politics and even foreign policy; voters have decided on such matters as Algeria's independence, the election of the
8022:
In the early 20th century France was a haven for literary freedom. Works banned for obscenity in the US, the UK and other
Anglophone nations were published in France decades before they were available in the respective authors' home countries. The French were disinclined to punish literary figures
7071:
The government is prohibited from recognising specific rights to any religious community (with the exception of legacy statutes like those of military chaplains and the aforementioned local law in Alsace-Moselle). It recognises religious organisations according to formal legal criteria that do not
6926:
The
Government of France does not regulate the choice of language in publications by individuals, but the use of French is required by law in commercial and workplace communications. In addition to mandating the use of French in the territory of the Republic, the French government tries to promote
5252:
France has historically been one of the world's major agricultural centres and remains a "global agricultural powerhouse"; France is the world's sixth-biggest exporter of agricultural products, generating a trade surplus of over €7.4 billion. Nicknamed "the granary of the old continent", over half
3409:
in the south and southwest. Except for the northeast, most of France's land borders are roughly delineated by natural boundaries and geographic features: to the south and southeast, the
Pyrenees and the Alps and the Jura, respectively, and to the east, the Rhine river. Metropolitan France includes
7138:
found that France provided the "close to best overall health care" in the world. The French health care system was ranked first worldwide by the World Health
Organization in 1997. In 2011, France spent 11.6% of its GDP on health care, or US$ 4,086 per capita, a figure much higher than the average
5675:
There are approximately 1,027,183 kilometres (638,262 mi) of serviceable roadway in France, ranking it the most extensive network of the
European continent. The Paris Region is enveloped with the densest network of roads and highways, which connect it with virtually all parts of the country.
13870:
En 2001, la France a vendu pour 1,288 milliard de dollars d'équipements militaires, ce qui la met au troisième rang mondial des exportateurs derrière les États-Unis et la Russie. [In 2001, France sold $ 1,288 billion of military equipment, ranking 3rd in the world for arms exportations
6756:
It is currently estimated that 40% of the French population is descended at least partially from the different waves of immigration since the early 20th century; between 1921 and 1935 alone, about 1.1 million net immigrants came to France. The next largest wave came in the 1960s when around
3716:
on 28 September 1958, establishing a framework consisting of executive, legislative and judicial branches. It sought to address the instability of the Third and Fourth
Republics by combining elements of both parliamentary and presidential systems, while greatly strengthening the authority of the
6950:
and based on a sample of 15,350 persons, French was the native language of 87.2% of the total population, or roughly 55.81 million people, followed by Arabic (3.6%, 2.3 million), Portuguese (1.5%, 960,000), Spanish (1.2%, 770,000) and
Italian (1.0%, 640,000). Native speakers of other
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is an example of modern architecture added to an older building. The most difficult buildings to integrate within French cities are skyscrapers, as they are visible from afar. For instance, in Paris, since 1977, new buildings had to be under 37 metres (121 ft). France's largest financial
8491:, a political concept of treating culture differently from other commercial products, France succeeded in convincing all EU members to refuse to include culture and audiovisuals in the list of liberalised sectors of the WTO in 1993. Moreover, this decision was confirmed in a vote by
6827:
in France show a growth of 107 per cent between 2009 and 2012, with the population growing from 5,300 to 11,000. Of the total of 229,000 foreigners coming to France in 2012, nearly 8% were
Portuguese, 5% British, 5% Spanish, 4% Italian, 4% German, 3% Romanian, and 3% Belgian.
15101:
8756:
was split into several national institutions, but the three already-existing TV channels and four national radio stations remained under state control. It was only in 1981 that the government allowed free broadcasting in the territory, ending the state monopoly on radio.
9753:
3230:
had an enormous social impact; it was a watershed moment when a conservative moral ideal (religion, patriotism, respect for authority) shifted to a more liberal moral ideal (secularism, individualism, sexual revolution). Although the revolt was a political failure (the
162:
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8427:
Apart from its strong and innovative film tradition, France has also been a gathering spot for artists from across Europe and the world. For this reason, French cinema is sometimes intertwined with the cinema of foreign nations. Directors from nations such as Poland
6071:
From 2006 to 2011, population growth averaged 0.6 per cent per year; since 2011, annual growth has been between 0.4 and 0.5 per cent annually. Immigrants are major contributors to this trend; in 2010, 27 per cent of newborns in metropolitan France had at least one
14105:"France: Strict Defamation and Privacy Laws Limit Free Expression – Index on Censorship| Index on Censorship." France: Strict Defamation and Privacy Laws Limit Free Expression – Index on Censorship| Index on Censorship. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 February 2014.
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and had tremendous influence over European politics, economy, and culture. French became the most-used language in diplomacy, science, and literature until the 20th century. France took control of territories in the Americas, Africa and Asia. In 1685, Louis XIV
173:
3669:
Forests account for 31 per cent of France's land area—the fourth-highest proportion in Europe—representing an increase of 7 per cent since 1990. French forests are some of the most diverse in Europe, comprising more than 140 species of trees. France had a 2018
152:
166:
8420:, began in the country. It is noted for having a strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the government. France remains a leader in filmmaking, as of 2015 producing more films than any other European country. The nation also hosts the
7492:, in a major reorganisation of national art collections, to gather French paintings from the second part of the 19th century (mainly Impressionism and Fauvism movements). It was voted the best museum in the world in 2018. Modern works are presented in the
158:
131:
159:
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returned to France following the independence of its Northwest African possessions, Algeria and Morocco. They were joined by numerous former colonial subjects from North and West Africa, as well as numerous European immigrants from Spain and Portugal.
171:
170:
165:
157:
148:
132:
5594:
is by far the leading source, accounting for over half the country's renewable energy sources and contributing 13% of its electricity, the highest proportion in Europe after Norway and Turkey. As with nuclear power, most hydroelectric plants, such as
5167:
policies over certain industries, particularly in agriculture, France has generally played a leading role in fostering free trade and commercial integration in Europe to enhance its economy. In 2019, it ranked first in Europe and 13th in the world in
163:
142:
134:
133:
11853:
153:
150:
146:
135:
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French weapons exported totaled 27 billion euros in 2022, up from 11.7 billion euros the previous year 2021. Additionally, the UAE alone contributed more than 16 billion euros arms to the French total. Among the largest French defence companies are
168:
164:
160:
155:
144:
143:
141:
140:
138:
137:
130:
169:
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151:
149:
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136:
145:
139:
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France is the world's fifth largest exporter of goods (mainly durables). The country ranks fourth in services and third in agriculture (especially in cereals and the agri-food sector). It is the leading producer and exporter of farm products in
167:
156:
154:
174:
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promoted centralisation of the state and reinforced royal power. He destroyed castles of defiant lords and denounced the use of private armies. By the end of the 1620s, Richelieu established "the royal monopoly of force". France fought in the
14267:
17998:
page 9: "Si en allant plus loin, on prononce les mots 'art baroque en France', on provoque alors le plus souvent une moue interrogative, parfois seulement étonnée, parfois franchement réprobatrice: Mais voyons, l'art baroque n'existe pas en
9199:
17190:
Wolfe, M. (2005). Jotham Parsons. The Church in the Republic: Gallicanism and Political Ideology in Renaissance France. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. 2004. pp. ix, 322. The American Historical Review, 110(4),
15098:
8146:
France has a long and varied musical history. It experienced a golden age in the 17th century thanks to Louis XIV, who employed talented musicians and composers in the royal court. The most renowned composers of this period include
15428:
15368:
13200:
18747:
Rock music doesn't come naturally to the French. A Latin country, with more affinity to poetry and melody, France has very rarely produced talented rock musicians. Rock music has other, more Anglo-Saxon ingredients: fury, excess,
13564:
8543:
when the luxury goods industries in France came increasingly under royal control and the French royal court became, arguably, the arbiter of taste and style in Europe. But France renewed its dominance of the high fashion (French:
18334:
2217:, France became a decentralised state: the nobility's titles and lands became hereditary, and authority of the king became more religious than secular, and so was less effective and challenged by noblemen. Thus was established
1042:
Source gives area of metropolitan France as 551,500 km (212,900 sq mi) and lists overseas regions separately, whose areas sum to 89,179 km (34,432 sq mi). Adding these give the total shown here for the entire French Republic.
8747:
with the rise of the internet. In 2008, the government launched a major initiative to help the sector reform and become financially independent, but in 2009 it had to give 600,000 euros to help the print media cope with the
19959:
5349:, ahead of Spain (85 million) and the United States (66 million). However, it ranks third in tourism-derived income due to the shorter duration of visits. The most popular tourist sites include (annual visitors):
16944:
15047:
10181:
Jean Carpentier (dir.), François Lebrun (dir.), Alain Tranoy, Élisabeth Carpentier et Jean-Marie Mayeur (préface de Jacques Le Goff), Histoire de France, Points Seuil, coll. " Histoire ", Paris, 2000 (1re éd. 1987), p. 17
2270:. His descendants unified the country through wars and inheritance. From 1190, the Capetian rulers began to be referred as "kings of France" rather than "kings of the Franks". Later kings expanded their directly possessed
18760:
6687:
e estimated that within Metropolitan France, 51 million people were White (85% of the population), 6 million were Northwest African (10%), 2 million were Black (3.3%), and 1 million were Asian (1.7%).
8583:(LVMH), a French brand, is the largest luxury company in the world by sales, selling more than twice the amount of its nearest competitor. Moreover, France also possesses 3 of the top 10 luxury goods companies by sales (
7778:
when what is now known as modern France did not have a single, uniform language. There were several languages and dialects, and writers used their own spelling and grammar. Some authors of French medieval texts, such as
6178:
5727:, located in the vicinity of Paris, is the largest and busiest airport in the country, handling the vast majority of popular and commercial traffic and connecting Paris with virtually all major cities across the world.
11776:
5676:
French roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighbouring Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Andorra and Monaco. There is no annual registration fee or
14860:
11672:
14292:
8860:
for excellence to a select few establishments. The acquisition or loss of a star can have dramatic effects on the success of a restaurant. By 2006, the Michelin Guide had awarded 620 stars to French restaurants.
8692:(finance). Free dailies, distributed in metropolitan centers, continue to increase their market share. The sector of weekly magazines includes more than 400 specialised weekly magazines published in the country.
13507:
19562:
11845:
26335:
7721:, where a significant number of skyscrapers are located. Other massive buildings that are a challenge to integrate into their environment are large bridges; an example of the way this has been done is the
15506:
26488:
23867:
10936:
Tilly, Charles (1985). "War making and state making as organized crime," in Bringing the State Back In, eds P.B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, & T. Skocpol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. p.
7637:
designed some of the most efficient fortresses in Europe and became an influential military architect; as a result, imitations of his works can be found all over Europe, the Americas, Russia and Turkey.
3445:), is 643,801 km (248,573 sq mi), 0.45% of the total land area on Earth. France possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the north and west to mountain ranges of the
18563:
Girdlestone, Cuthbert (1969). Jean-Philippe Rameau: His Life and Work (paperback ed.). Dover. p. 14: "It is customary to couple him with Couperin as one couples Haydn with Mozart or Ravel with Debussy."
8084:
since ancient times to attempt to build a philosophical system from the ground up rather than building on the work of predecessors. France in the 18th century saw major philosophical contributions from
7563:
and was the first French style of architecture to be imitated throughout Europe. Northern France is the home of some of the most important Gothic cathedrals and basilicas, the first of these being the
4839:
system, wherein law arises primarily from written statutes; judges are not to make law, but merely to interpret it (though the amount of judicial interpretation in certain areas makes it equivalent to
14684:
4898:. However, in practical terms, French law comprises three principal areas of law: civil law, criminal law, and administrative law. Criminal laws can only address the future and not the past (criminal
3690:
covering an inhabited rural area of outstanding beauty, to protect the scenery and heritage as well as setting up sustainable economic development in the area. As of 2019 there are 54 PNRs in France.
3242:
but faced crises that resulted in high unemployment rates and increasing public debt. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, France has been at the forefront of the development of a supranational
2378:. During the reign of Philip, the monarchy reached the height of its medieval power. However Philip's seat on the throne was contested by Edward in 1337, and England and France entered the off-and-on
14264:
6060:
of 2.1, and considerably below the high of 4.41 in 1800. France's fertility rate and crude birth rate nonetheless remain among the highest in the EU. However, like many developed nations, the French
4904:
laws are prohibited). While administrative law is often a subcategory of civil law in many countries, it is completely separated in France and each body of law is headed by a specific supreme court:
128:
13904:
La France est au 4ème rang mondial des exportateurs d'armes, derrière les Etats-Unis, le Royaume-Uni et la Russie, et devant Israël, selon un rapport du ministère de la Défense publié l'an dernier.
12824:
11883:
8202:. The two composers invented new musical forms and new sounds. Debussy was among the most influential composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and his use of non-traditional scales and
9569:
8864:
In addition to its wine tradition, France is also a major producer of beer and rum. The three main French brewing regions are Alsace (60% of national production), Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Lorraine.
4546:, with an emphasis on "developing infrastructure, access to health care and education, the implementation of appropriate economic policies and the consolidation of the rule of law and democracy".
19957:
7204:
is considered the father of the French modern school, leading reforms in the late 19th century that established free, secular and compulsory education (currently mandatory until the age of 16).
5731:
is the national carrier airline, although numerous private airline companies provide domestic and international travel services. There are ten major ports in France, the largest of which is in
4686:, the French Armed Forces ranked as the world's sixth-most powerful military, and the second most powerful in Europe. France's annual military expenditure in 2022 was US$ 53.6 billion, or 1.9%
1878:
Rome. This left Rome weakened, and the Gauls continued to harass the region until 345 BC when they entered into a peace treaty. But the Romans and the Gauls remained adversaries for centuries.
3570:
and their tributaries, whose combined catchment includes over 62% of the metropolitan territory. The Rhône divides the Massif Central from the Alps and flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the
15948:
6683:, the government is prohibited from collecting data on ethnicity and ancestry; most demographic information is drawn from private sector organisations or academic institutions. In 2004, the
4363:
with veto rights. In 2015, it was described as "the best networked state in the world" due to its membership in more international institutions than any other country; these include the G7,
3913:(LREM) became the dominant force, overtaking both Socialists and Republicans. LREM's opponent in the second round of the 2017 and 2022 presidential elections was the growing far-right party
17687:
14956:
14507:
13007:
5033:
3019:
1344:
15436:
15376:
13208:
8532:, and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion houses. The expression Haute couture is, in France, a legally protected name, guaranteeing certain quality standards.
13556:
6801:
4252:) are in overseas regions (ROMs) that are simultaneously overseas departments (DOMs), enjoying the same status as metropolitan departments and are thereby included in the European Union.
13857:
13709:
25790:
22567:
22130:
14436:
10101:
The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms and Weapons: the most comprehensive reference work ever published on arms and armor from prehistoric times to the present with over 1,250 illustrations
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and acquire citizenship. It resulted in hundreds of thousands of Muslims living in subsidised public housing and suffering from high unemployment rates. The government had a policy of
18358:
17711:
17116:
13457:
13148:
6808:
5028:, which continues to subsidize education and clergy of Catholicism, Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Judaism. Nonetheless, France does recognise religious associations. The Parliament has
17080:
14848:
5155:
In 2018, France was the fifth-largest trading nation in the world and the second-largest in Europe, with the value of exports representing over a fifth of GDP. Its membership in the
2116:, but his kingdom would not survive his death. The Franks treated land as a private possession and divided it among their heirs, so four kingdoms emerged from that of Clovis: Paris,
15573:
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13480:
12977:
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in 2005: the principle of "cultural exception" won an overwhelming victory with 198 countries voting for it and only 2 countries, the United States and Israel, voting against it.
19958:
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replaced the traditional Gothic style. However, in France, Baroque architecture found greater success in the secular domain than in the religious one. In the secular domain, the
2059:
to convert to Catholic Christianity; thus France was given the title "Eldest daughter of the Church" by the papacy, and French kings called "the Most Christian Kings of France".
7061:
5015:
2946:
11375:
8279:
French music then followed the rapid emergence of pop and rock music in the middle of the 20th century. Although English-speaking creations achieved popularity in the country,
1161:(five of which are overseas) span a combined area of 643,801 km (248,573 sq mi) and have a total population of 68.4 million as of January 2024. France is a
23316:
6185:
5680:; however, usage of the mostly privately owned motorways is through tolls except in the vicinity of large communes. The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as
16393:
13741:
24173:
23325:
17201:
11780:
8782:
French cuisine is renowned for being one of the finest in the world. Different regions have different styles. In the North, butter and cream are common ingredients, whereas
6891:
has been France's official authority on the French language, although its recommendations carry no legal weight. There are also regional languages spoken in France, such as
6095:
3266:
from European Catholic countries who generally returned home when not employed. During the 1970s France faced an economic crisis and allowed new immigrants (mostly from the
2842:, reaching Moscow. Thereafter his army disintegrated through supply problems, disease, Russian attacks, and finally winter. After this catastrophic campaign and the ensuing
19097:
19048:
18992:
13891:
13037:
22754:
21490:
12116:
11980:
9477:, comprising French people without immigrant background, French people with immigrant background since various generations, as well as first-generation immigrant citizens.
22288:
15136:
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and the end of the July Monarchy. The abolition of slavery and introduction of male universal suffrage was re-enacted in 1848. In 1852, president of the French Republic,
1859:). Celtic tribes penetrated parts of eastern and northern France, spreading through the rest of the country between the 5th and 3rd century BC. Around 390 BC, the Gallic
25087:
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9909:
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Lanzetta M; Petruzzo P; Dubernard JM; et al. (July 2007). "Second report (1998–2006) of the International Registry of Hand and Composite Tissue Transplantation".
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sources than in other Western nations. Nevertheless, between 2008 and 2019, France's production capacity from renewable energies rose consistently and nearly doubled.
18107:
11913:
7324:, the most famous medieval French painter, is said to have been the first to travel to Italy and experience the Early Renaissance firsthand. The Renaissance painting
5668:. Rail connections exist to all other neighbouring countries in Europe except Andorra. Intra-urban connections are also well developed, with most major cities having
3531:, allow easy communication. The Alpine, Pyrenean and Jura mountains are much younger and have less eroded forms. At 4,810.45 metres (15,782 ft) above sea level,
127:
26493:
20901:
19566:
16414:"Les personnes d'origine maghrébine y sont également au nombre de 5 à 6 millions; 3,5 millions ont la nationalité française (don't 500 000 harkis)", Évelyne Perrin,
14344:
11439:
10902:
6679:
Large-scale immigration over the last century and a half have led to a more multicultural society; beginning with the French Revolution, and further codified in the
5813:, founded in the mid-12th century, is still one of the most important academic institutions in the Western world. In the 17th century, mathematician and philosopher
5479:
and features cities of high cultural interest, beaches and seaside resorts, ski resorts, as well as rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquillity (
5144:
accounts for a fifth of GDP and a similar proportion of employment. France is the third-biggest manufacturing country in Europe, behind Germany and Italy, and ranks
14207:
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10679:
10630:
7026:, of whom approximately 25-29% were Catholics and 9% other Christians (without further specification); at the same time, 10-11% of the French population adhered to
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9473:
was conducted on a nationally representative large sample (≈ 28,000) of people aged 18–49 and 18–59. It is reputed to be representative of the whole population of
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1427:
761:
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The 19th century saw the writings of many renowned French authors. Victor Hugo is sometimes seen as "the greatest French writer of all time" for excelling in all
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16058:
15498:
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5257:, of which 45 per cent is devoted to permanent field crops such as cereals. The country's diverse climate, extensive arable land, modern farming technology, and
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1170:
728:
19655:
19280:
19198:
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12345:
3468:(EEZ) in the world, covering 11,035,000 km (4,261,000 sq mi). Its EEZ covers approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world.
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4687:
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by at least 20% of 1990 levels by 2020. As of 2009, French carbon dioxide emissions per capita were lower than that of China. The country was set to impose a
3160:). The French systematically used torture and repression, including extrajudicial killings to keep control. This conflict nearly led to a coup and civil war.
2941:, the turn of the century was characterised by optimism, regional peace, economic prosperity and technological, scientific and cultural innovations. In 1905,
2935:. Including metropolitan France, the total area reached almost 13 million square kilometres in the 1920s and 1930s, 9% of the world's land. Known as the
17226:
14676:
14012:
10522:
4859:). In agreement with the principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, the law should only prohibit actions detrimental to society.
2424:, which would dictate much of their later foreign policy until the mid-18th century. French explorers claimed lands in the Americas, paving expansion of the
502:
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France remains a major destination for immigrants, accepting about 200,000 legal immigrants annually. In 2005, it was Western Europe's leading recipient of
5029:
25052:
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17967:
14136:
13248:
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6939:. It is estimated that between 300 million and 500 million people worldwide can speak French, either as a mother tongue or as a second language.
3179:, at a high price: between half a million and one million deaths and over 2 million internally-displaced Algerians. Around one million Pied-Noirs and
12084:. Topic editor: Langdon D. Clough. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment. Archived from
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tank among others. France is a major arms seller, with most of its arsenal's designs available for the export market, except for nuclear-powered devices.
26513:
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16119:
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5011:
4867:
2693:
1288:
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5560:. As of 2021, France was the biggest energy exporter in Europe, mostly to the U.K. and Italy, and the largest net exporter of electricity in the world.
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25410:
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8713:(in 2009 more than 400,000 copies), but the highest circulation numbers for weeklies are attained by TV magazines and by women's magazines, among them
8167:, all of them composers at the court. After the death of the "Roi Soleil", French musical creation lost dynamism, but in the next century the music of
7249:
5548:(EDF), which is majority-owned by the French government, is the country's main producer and distributor of electricity, and one of the world's largest
3651:
9958:
3712:. Democratic traditions and values are deeply rooted in French culture, identity and politics. The Constitution of the Fifth Republic was approved by
25405:
25271:
24166:
17523:
16668:
14650:
12776:
7245:
15944:
15021:
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10549:
5238:, the French branch of NYSE Euronext, is Europe's second-largest stock exchange market. Some examples of the most valuable French companies include
18951:
16854:
16189:
14569:
14084:
13970:
4918:
747:
714:
26289:
18213:
17684:
17108:
16463:
14964:
14504:
13784:
12999:
12876:
8468:) are prominent in the ranks of French cinema. Conversely, French directors have had prolific and influential careers in other countries, such as
4585:
1549:, only Franks were free of taxation, or more generally because they had the status of freemen in contrast to servants or slaves. The etymology of
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address religious doctrine, and religious organisations are expected to refrain from intervening in policymaking. Some religious groups, such as
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is France's largest stadium and was the venue for the 1998 FIFA World Cup and 2007 Rugby World Cup finals. Since 1923, France is famous for its
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whose work highly influenced the French Revolution. French philosophers made major contributions to the field in the 20th century including the
7621:, who designed the extensions to Versailles, was one of the most influential French architects of the Baroque era; he is famous for his dome at
2776:
2043:
in 481, routing the last forces of the Roman governors in 486. Clovis said he would be baptised a Christian in the event of victory against the
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18127:
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is very often used to represent the French Republic, although it holds no official status. In addition to the coat of arms, France also uses a
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to 137,000 persons, mostly from Morocco, Algeria and Turkey. In 2022, more than 320,000 migrants came to France, with the majority coming from
4382:
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1463:
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12276:
10978:
25281:
25218:
25180:
24998:
23798:
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22745:
21007:
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15806:
13691:
12130:
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6935:. Besides French, there exist 77 vernacular minority languages of France, eight spoken in French metropolitan territory and 69 in the French
6171:
5405:
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2712:
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troops, assisted the Catholics from 1589 to 1594 and invaded France in 1597. Spain and France returned to all-out war between 1635 and 1659.
1411:
869:
589:
26284:
19516:
18355:
17854:
17707:
17222:
13465:
10518:
9515:
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26483:
24159:
23124:
22705:
19700:
17072:
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14879:
13286:
11318:
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5152:, namely agriculture; however, France's agricultural sector is among the largest in value and leads the EU in terms of overall production.
4457:
924:
15581:
13660:
13484:
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11043:
5735:, which also is the largest bordering the Mediterranean Sea. 12,261 kilometres (7,619 mi) of waterways traverse France including the
280:
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in French, which is considered a pejorative term) in France, and therefore they are not granted the same status as recognised religions.
5360:
2299:. French knights made up most reinforcements in the 200 years of the Crusades, in such a fashion that the Arabs referred to crusaders as
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in 2007. France has fully reintegrated into NATO and since participated in most NATO-sponsored wars. Since the 19th century, France has
2909:. By 1875, the French conquest of Algeria was complete, with approximately 825,000 Algerians killed from famine, disease, and violence.
2382:. Boundaries changed, but landholdings inside France by English Kings remained extensive for decades. With charismatic leaders, such as
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25047:
25040:
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During the Middle Ages, many fortified castles were built by feudal nobles to mark their powers. Some French castles that survived are
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whose value is strictly linked to that of the euro. In contrast, the five overseas regions used the French franc and now use the euro.
3300:
which resulted in 130 deaths, the deadliest attack on French soil since World War II and the deadliest in the European Union since the
2476:, supporting the Protestant side against the Habsburgs. From the 16th to the 19th century, France was responsible for about 10% of the
688:
670:
638:
487:
18722:
16094:
13406:
12954:
11058:
7582:
The final victory in the Hundred Years' War marked an important stage in the evolution of French architecture. It was the time of the
7390:
In the second part of the 19th century, France's influence over painting grew, with the development of new styles of painting such as
6064:; the average age is 41.7 years, while about a fifth of French people are 65 or over. The life expectancy at birth is 82.7 years, the
25773:
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25035:
20346:
20010:
17739:
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11017:
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5145:
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1181:
817:
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1291:, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day. France reached its political and military zenith in the early 19th century under
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22114:
21474:
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12002:
8752:, in addition to existing subsidies. In 1974, after years of centralised monopoly on radio and television, the governmental agency
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7712:
designed several buildings in France. More recently, French architects have combined both modern and old architectural styles. The
6740:
5923:
4480:
3539:, is the highest point in Western Europe. Although 60% of municipalities are classified as having seismic risks (though moderate).
2808:
2727:
2579:
2183:
19054:(in French). Fédération Nationale des Syndicats du spectacle du cinéma, de l'audiovisuel et de l'action culturelle. Archived from
17256:
17205:
16676:
14229:
13883:
12440:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material"
11734:
Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Michael J. Balz, "The October Riots in France: A Failed Immigration Policy or the Empire Strikes Back?"
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25030:
24003:
23060:
21775:
20172:
19000:
17286:
16887:
16494:
15611:
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10150:
Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (1990). "The Phonetics of Cardiff English". In Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (eds.).
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within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.
19733:
18379:
17484:
15292:
12920:
12108:
12028:
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8528:" originated in Paris in the 1860s. Today, Paris, along with London, Milan, and New York City, is considered one of the world's
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25092:
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20706:
20623:
15128:
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12790:
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11722:
Marie-Christine Weidmann-Koop, Rosalie Vermette, "France at the dawn of the twenty-first century, trends and transformations",
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7056:
from the Pope in 1464. However, the French monarchy maintained a significant degree of autonomy, namely through its policy of "
6243:
6228:
6223:
6208:
5861:
5476:
3207:
1957:
1387:
101:
17348:
17021:
13356:
11821:
7253:
4575:
4267:, which are municipalities with an elected municipal council. Three communes—Paris, Lyon and Marseille—are subdivided into 45
3218:
to create a European counterweight between American and Soviet spheres of influence. However, he opposed any development of a
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24371:
23110:
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19911:
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19335:
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94% des édifices sont catholiques (dont 50% églises paroissiales, 25% chapelles, 25% édifices appartenant au clergé régulier)
16652:
16604:
16423:
16369:
13978:
12756:
12596:
12216:
11592:
11572:
11433:
11281:
11222:
11154:
11127:
11100:
10896:
10839:
10814:
10673:
10616:
10292:
10265:
10187:
10161:
10141:
10109:
10074:
9867:
7177:
5222:) is one of the oldest in the world, created in 1724. In 2000, it merged with counterparts in Amsterdam and Brussels to form
4706:
4679:
4433:
4233:
3713:
3176:
2771:
2677:
24403:
18907:
18506:
16787:
15866:
15529:
12397:
11799:
10328:
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9817:
3921:(EELV) have performed well in mayoral elections in major cities while on a national level, an alliance of Left parties (the
3286:
2568:. Louis XV's weak rule, including the decadence of his court, discredited the monarchy, which in part paved the way for the
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18111:
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13533:
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6065:
5212:
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16010:
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style in the 18th century, as a more intimate imitation of the old baroque style, the works of the court-endorsed artists
2522:, his command of the military went unchallenged. The "Sun King" made France the leading European power. France became the
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24440:
23810:
23805:
22544:
22107:
21467:
20828:
20591:
20247:
20237:
14111:
9101:. Football is the most popular sport in France, with over 1,800,000 registered players and over 18,000 registered clubs.
8171:
reached some prestige, and he is still one of the most renowned French composers. Rameau became the dominant composer of
7200:, the second and final stage of secondary education that prepares students for higher education studies or a profession.
4334:
4268:
3890:
2229:
added "King of England" to his titles, becoming vassal and the equal of the king of France, creating recurring tensions.
1431:
26404:
21215:
19232:
18289:
18144:
Bauschatz, Cathleen M. (2003). "Rabelais and Marguerite de Navarre on Sixteenth-Century Views of Clandestine Marriage".
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14924:
14058:
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French foreign policy after World War II has been largely shaped by membership in the European Union, of which it was a
3616:, which now accounts for 75 per cent of its electricity production and results in less pollution. According to the 2020
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24353:
24182:
23340:
21959:
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15985:
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between the United States and Britain, and to preserve the independence of French foreign and security policies. Under
4487:
3942:
3239:
3073:
2898:
2457:
1419:
850:
19662:
16062:
15656:
Burke, Peter, A social history of knowledge: from Gutenberg to Diderot, Malden: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2000, p. 17
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12846:
12511:
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2017. The European Union allows free movement between the member states, although France established controls to curb
5640:, which stretches 29,473 kilometres (18,314 mi) as of 2008, is the second most extensive in Western Europe after
4793:), is considered to be a component of the Armed Forces under the authority of the Ministry of Defense. The other, the
4748:
2987:
at tremendous human cost. It left 1.4 million French soldiers dead, 4% of its population. Interwar was marked by
25390:
24991:
22738:
22344:
20648:
20633:
20110:
17950:
17146:
16621:
16286:
15800:
15706:
15192:
14599:
14466:
13948:
13921:
13067:
12713:
12423:
12329:
11302:
9366:+508. The overseas territories are not part of the French telephone numbering plan; their country calling codes are:
6551:
6415:
5486:
4440:, second only to China and the United States, which are far more populous. It also hosts the headquarters of several
4416:
4053:
3952:
3873:
From World War II until 2017, French politics was dominated by two politically opposed groupings: one left-wing, the
3804:
3554:. Corsica lies off the Mediterranean coast. France has an extensive river system consisting of the four major rivers
2403:
2017:
1665:
1632:
1599:
1094:
240:
20:
19277:
19211:
17810:
16436:
13916:
13330:
12620:
9270:
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parent and another 24 per cent had at least one parent born outside Europe (excluding French overseas territories).
6073:
2413:
662:
25880:
25448:
25077:
23822:
23817:
23071:
22829:
22257:
20916:
20757:
20711:
19360:
19049:"La Convention UNESCO pour la diversité culturelle : vers un droit international culturel contraignant ?"
14736:
13638:
13483:[The Franco-German alliance at the heart of European power] (in French). Institut Montaigne. Archived from
10043:
9122:
is popular, particularly in Paris and the southwest of France. The national rugby union team has competed at every
9090:
6973:
6585:
6567:
6329:
5761:
5752:
5382:
4710:
4232:, which are numbered mainly alphabetically. The department number is used in postal codes and was formerly used on
4034:
3994:
3808:
3671:
3595:
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and an unoccupied territory, the rest of France, which consisted of the southern France and the French empire. The
2685:
2056:
1953:. The situation improved in the first half of the 4th century, a period of revival and prosperity. In 312, Emperor
1379:
19629:
17397:
14004:
10492:
7625:. Some of the most impressive provincial Baroque architecture is found in places that were not yet French such as
6994:
under which the government and public life are kept completely secular, detached from any religion. The region of
6397:
6363:
6347:
4058:
1323:, and subsequent decades saw a period of economic prosperity and cultural and scientific flourishing known as the
25730:
25523:
25345:
25007:
22024:
19014:
17177:
16872:
15069:
11487:
9027:
5789:, France has contributed to scientific and technological achievement. In the early 11th century, the French-born
4376:
3918:
3662:
3617:
3089:
2659:
1863:
1391:
19035:
18925:
18866:
17111:[Religious diversity in France: Intergenerational transmissions and practices according to the origins]
13261:
12243:
9783:
5461:
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26320:
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23390:
20936:
20511:
14562:"Foreign direct investment (FDI) in France – Investing – International Trade Portal International Trade Portal"
11329:
10608:
9627:
8959:
8951:
8101:, Camus, and Sartre. Other influential contributions during this time include the moral and political works of
7701:, and remains one of the most influential bridge designers of his time, although he is best remembered for the
6991:
6251:
5533:
5098:
2708:
798:
19426:
17109:"La diversité religieuse en France : transmissions intergénérationnelles et pratiques selon les origines"
16819:
16595:. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 81/7. American Philosophical Society. p.
16308:
15647:
André Thuilier, Histoire de l'université de Paris et de la Sorbonne, Paris, Nouvelle librairie de France, 1994
15343:
14774:
13230:
8224:
7689:. At this time there was a strong Gothic resurgence across Europe and in France; the associated architect was
5907:
4862:
79:
25766:
25400:
25025:
24845:
21252:
20859:
20479:
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20415:
20134:
18311:
17432:
15214:
14536:
9716:
9686:
9086:
8969:
8939:
8329:/DJs. Although there are very few rock bands in France compared to English-speaking countries, bands such as
7207:
French education is centralised and divided into three stages: primary, secondary, and higher education. The
5499:. This label is intended to protect and promote remarkable gardens and parks. France attracts many religious
5176:(founded in 1800), the leading recipients of FDI were manufacturing, real estate, finance and insurance. The
5007:
4502:
2979:
at the start of World War I in August 1914. A rich industrial area in the north was occupied. France and the
2976:
2859:
2511:
2276:
to cover over half of modern France by the 15th century. Royal authority became more assertive, centred on a
1775:(10,000 BC), the climate became milder; from approximately 7,000 BC, this part of Western Europe entered the
1300:
1029:
26025:
22975:
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in Paris. It is the premier clay court tennis championship event in the world and the second of four annual
7586:
and several artists from Italy were invited to the French court; many residential palaces were built in the
7034:, 0.5% to Judaism, and 1% to other religions. 51-53% of the population declared that they had no religion.
1570:), although these weapons may have been named because of their use by the Franks, not the other way around.
26458:
24984:
23771:
22731:
22710:
22503:
22410:
21872:
21187:
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20405:
20242:
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19885:
18840:
17798:
9954:
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6711:(2.5 million), Armenian (500,000), and Turkish (200,000). There are also sizeable minorities of other
5496:
5492:
4534:
in absolute terms, behind the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. This represents 0.43% of its
4472:
4308:
3898:
3215:
3023:
2816:
2800:
2586:. France gained revenge, but verged on bankruptcy—a factor that contributed to the Revolution. Some of the
1232:
kingdom, but from the mid-14th to the mid-15th centuries, France was plunged into a dynastic conflict with
997:
24489:
17520:
14643:
14033:
In European countries, legal doctrine has long faced the question of succession of criminal laws in time:
12772:
8409:
7257:
5894:, which aimed to give the public access to "useful knowledge" that could be applied to everyday life. The
4961:
26076:
23602:
22050:
Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.
21044:
20764:
20638:
20628:
20376:
20217:
20165:
18976:
Cinéma et diversité culturelle: le cinéma indépendant face à la mondialisation des industries culturelles
18730:
18479:
15017:
13152:
10553:
9761:
9339:
9244:
8524:
Fashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the 17th century, and modern "
8481:
8206:
influenced many composers who followed. His music is noted for its sensory content and frequent usage of
7945:
7673:, a new wave of urbanism and architecture was given birth; extravagant buildings such as the neo-Baroque
7610:
7003:
5421:
5048:
described the law as discriminatory towards Muslims. However, it is supported by most of the population.
5037:
5025:
4909:
4744:
4490:(NATO), but under President de Gaulle excluded itself from the joint military command, in protest of the
4479:" with the United Kingdom, and there has been a strengthening of links between the countries, especially
4354:
4330:
4290:
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3297:
3235:
party emerged stronger than before) it announced a split between the French and de Gaulle, who resigned.
2491:
1010:
1005:
184:
18955:
18663:
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9022:
was awarded the first Games, in reference to the Olympics' Greek origins, Paris hosted the second Games
8246:
8044:
7172:
6041:
France is an outlier among developed countries, particularly in Europe, for its relatively high rate of
3910:
3202:. He withdrew from NATO's military-integrated command (while remaining within the alliance), launched a
25338:
24637:
23786:
20955:
20876:
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20232:
20222:
20212:
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17120:
16455:
16326:
Oppenheimer, David B. (2008). "Why France needs to collect data on racial identity...in a French way".
14391:
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4720:
4659:
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3886:
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2847:
2843:
2830:
These victories led to the worldwide expansion of French revolutionary ideals and reforms, such as the
2735:
2583:
1713:
1395:
991:
967:
552:
19819:
19494:
12190:
8609:
7380:
5417:
4011:
2514:. The monarchy reached its peak during the 17th century and reign of Louis XIV. By turning lords into
24807:
23845:
22415:
21135:
20891:
20806:
20779:
20696:
20491:
20336:
19993:
17139:
The Emergence of European Civilization: From the Middle Ages to the Opening of the Nineteenth Century
16437:"Les personnes originaires d'Afrique, des Dom-Tom et de la Turquie sont 5,5 millions dans l'Hexagone"
16233:
14403:
9363:
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7961:
7135:
7131:
7085:
7037:
6042:
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5724:
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5074:
4539:
4312:
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3164:
3093:
2878:
2839:
2704:
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2238:
2003:
1528:("free, exempt from service; freeman, Frank"), a generalisation of the tribal name that emerged as a
1439:
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28:
23461:
18539:
18124:
16732:"Asylum Seekers, Violence and Health: A Systematic Review of Research in High-Income Host Countries"
13834:
11619:
10709:
8725:, which have foreign versions. Influential weeklies also include investigative and satirical papers
8028:
7662:
6154:
metropolitan area; these two combined would have a population of 1,019,905, as of the 2021 census).
4730:
3331:
25865:
25759:
25097:
25082:
24652:
23885:
23749:
22814:
22482:
20716:
20686:
20291:
15559:
14414:
13809:
13381:[84 states and governments]. Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Archived from
12268:
11534:
10982:
10726:
10206:
9127:
8156:
8148:
7734:
7077:
6233:
6213:
6099:
6085:
5713:
5637:
5586:
France's significant reliance on nuclear power has resulted in comparatively slower development of
5580:
5445:
5400:
France, especially Paris, has some of the world's largest and most renowned museums, including the
4836:
4364:
3933:
president by popular vote, the formation of the EU, and the reduction of presidential term limits.
3902:
3878:
3788:
3763:
3709:
3705:
3604:
France was one of the first countries to create an environment ministry, in 1971. France is ranked
3599:
3357:
The vast majority of France's territory and population is situated in Western Europe and is called
2681:
2629:
2285:
2144:
1840:
1162:
472:
444:
18682:
15828:
15782:
13688:
12138:
10948:
10255:
9667:
8416:, was also from France. Several important cinematic movements, including the late 1950s and 1960s
7690:
7599:
7591:
7364:
3476:
3437:
Metropolitan France covers 551,500 square kilometres (212,935 sq mi), the largest among
2360:
conquered, between 1202 and 1214, most continental possessions of the empire, leaving England and
26325:
25751:
23612:
20972:
20854:
20801:
20747:
20701:
20390:
20039:
18618:
18596:
17851:
17230:
16871:[Distribution of immigrants by country of birth] (in French). Insee. 2008. Archived from
14265:
The attractiveness of world-class business districts: Paris La Défense vs. its global competitors
13256:
10526:
9511:
9071:
8882:
8727:
8640:
7833:('the Fox') and is another example of early French writing. An important 16th-century writer was
7804:
7759:
7546:
7497:
7325:
6888:
6732:
5994:
5629:
5572:
5537:
5441:
5429:
5227:
5197:
are credited for contributing to three decades of unprecedented postwar economic growth known as
5102:
4905:
4607:
4372:
3609:
3536:
3465:
3085:
3042:
2928:
2746:. Weakened by external threats and internal opposition, the Republic was replaced in 1795 by the
2673:
2641:
2429:
2267:
2132:
1999:
1554:
1299:. The collapse of the empire initiated a period of relative decline, in which France endured the
1253:
902:
775:
24:
18640:
18574:
17884:
16141:
14883:
13278:
11373:
Noir sur Blanc: Les premières photos du camp de concentration de Buchenwald après la libération,
11322:
11214:
11039:
10925:
Warfare and armed conflicts: a statistical encyclopedia of casualty and other figures, 1492-2015
9984:
9075:
8646:
8433:
7603:
7538:
7110:
6652:) groups reflecting centuries of respective migration and settlement. Through the course of the
6533:
6499:
6313:
6295:
4046:
3487:
Metropolitan France has a wide variety of topographical sets and natural landscapes. During the
3434:
zone. Its continental part covers about 1000 km from north to south and from east to west.
3092:(1945–present). It made important reforms e.g. suffrage extended to women and the creation of a
2386:, French counterattacks won back most English continental territories. France was struck by the
1367:. Algeria and most French colonies became independent in the 1960s, with the majority retaining
26315:
26148:
25468:
25113:
24395:
23903:
22467:
21545:
21077:
21039:
20997:
20982:
20774:
20596:
20496:
20158:
20059:
19927:
18431:
18108:"Urbanisme : Des gratte-ciel à Paris : qu'en pensez-vous – Posez vos questions"
16891:
15313:
11455:
10806:
9498:
9236:
8822:
7919:
7618:
7223:
6712:
6056:
As of January 2021, the fertility rate declined slightly to 1.84 children per woman, below the
6006:
5770:
5346:
5160:
5001:
4883:
4767:
4736:
4524:
3894:
3547:
3127:
3081:
3054:
2992:
2924:
2917:
2720:
2607:
2528:
2523:
2425:
2071:
2048:
1691:
1399:
1352:
1340:
1304:
1245:
825:
769:
696:
606:
342:
85:
24363:
23231:
22536:
22099:
19131:
19113:
17320:
17049:
16339:
14909:
14818:
13429:
13119:
12588:
11723:
11423:
10886:
10831:
9892:
9717:"Bilan démographique 2023 – Composantes de la croissance démographique, France métropolitaine"
9590:
8568:. The French perfume industry is the world leader in its sector and is centred on the town of
8110:
7595:
7534:
7367:
being the most representative in the country. The French Revolution brought great changes, as
7241:
26503:
25885:
25740:
25291:
24035:
23781:
23510:
22834:
22312:
22247:
22028:
21891:
21862:
21002:
20992:
20784:
20608:
20516:
20451:
20063:
18704:
18080:
18010:
17778:
17646:
17611:
16644:
16596:
16171:
15249:
14211:
13178:
13147:[Administrative constituencies of 1 January 2015: regional comparisons] (in French).
12740:
11621:
11582:
11564:
11538:
11265:
10663:
10602:
10376:
10282:
8703:
8634:
8437:
8289:, has also remained very popular. Among the most important French artists of the century are
8090:
8023:
for their writing, and prosecutions were rare. Important writers of the 20th century include
8009:
7842:
7568:
7127:
6751:
5970:
5895:
5865:
5834:
5766:
5328:
5082:
5041:
4957:
4296:
4286:
4229:
3976:
3275:
3259:
3168:
3077:
2980:
2906:
2784:
2743:
2716:
2379:
2375:
2271:
2255:
2226:
2087:
1954:
1881:
1360:
1320:
1237:
973:
610:
593:
19174:
19152:
18975:
15922:
13608:
13382:
13093:
12558:
11352:
11144:
11117:
10655:
9857:
7991:
7792:
7268:, producing many if not most of France's high-ranking civil servants, CEOs and politicians.
5456:), in Southeast France, is the second leading tourist destination in the country, after the
5440:
is Europe's most popular theme park, with 15 million combined visitors to the resort's
3441:
members. France's total land area, with its overseas departments and territories (excluding
1564:, which translates as "javelin" or "lance" (the throwing axe of the Franks was known as the
26468:
26122:
23793:
22522:
21027:
20568:
20506:
20395:
20286:
19989:
19356:
18802:
18734:
16084:
15980:
14908:[Frequentation of museums and historic buildings] (in French). 2003. Archived from
14490:
13403:
12950:
12451:
11954:
11065:
9063:
9055:
9047:
9043:
9039:
9035:
9023:
8935:
8931:
8903:
8891:
8394:
8386:
8280:
8168:
7955:
7686:
7654:
7614:
7564:
7461:, living in Paris. Other foreign artists also settled and worked in or near Paris, such as
7140:
6050:
5962:
5857:
5512:
5500:
5354:
4667:
4491:
3963:
and one uninhabited island directly under the authority of the Minister of Overseas France—
3800:
3687:
3481:
3282:
3271:
2886:
2820:
2610:, undermined the power of and support for the monarchy and was a factor in the Revolution.
2595:
2587:
2519:
2477:
2473:
2367:
2333:
2277:
2221:
in France. Some king's vassals grew so powerful they posed a threat to the king. After the
2191:
1946:
1725:
1545:. It has been suggested that the meaning "free" was adopted because, after the conquest of
1348:
1336:
1308:
1265:
983:
190:
24452:
23473:
18267:
17736:
17544:
14365:
12085:
8285:
8236:
8152:
8000:
7834:
7677:
were built. The urban planning of the time was very organised and rigorous; most notably,
7040:
was the main religion in France for more than a millennium, and it was once the country's
3305:
8:
26361:
26178:
25538:
24976:
24645:
24541:
24262:
24026:
23578:
23092:
23075:
22693:
22369:
22262:
22157:
21984:
21817:
21615:
21110:
21067:
20987:
20941:
20818:
20811:
20791:
20752:
20664:
20456:
20425:
20400:
20366:
20268:
20263:
19382:
19193:
18511:
18250:
16922:
15339:
12906:
11005:
9474:
9457:
9257:
9113:
9109:
9015:
8981:
8963:
8927:
8923:
8865:
8619:
8561:
8540:
8449:
8199:
8160:
8077:
7981:
7852:
7576:
7552:
7509:
7500:. These three state-owned museums are visited by close to 17 million people a year.
7447:
7376:
7167:
6981:
6840:
6680:
6665:
6656:, France incorporated various neighbouring ethnic and linguistic groups, as evidenced by
6601:
6431:
5990:
5978:
5850:
5810:
5774:
5616:
5576:
5335:
5190:
5086:
4946:
4633:
4555:
4421:
4217:
4020:
3926:
3812:
3776:
3741:
3625:
3419:
3415:
3358:
3321:
3219:
3203:
3142:
3120:
3004:
2902:
2804:
2788:
2755:
2731:
2700:
2645:
2557:
2553:
2371:
2357:
2322:
2156:
2136:
2113:
2095:
2083:
2012:, ancient Gaul was divided into Germanic kingdoms and a remaining Gallo-Roman territory.
1993:
1989:
1890:
1871:
1772:
1687:
1316:
1296:
1193:
1098:
658:
625:
457:
216:
23584:
22405:
21963:
19793:
17919:
17756:
16561:
16517:"National strategy for Roma integration – European Commission – DG Justiceunknown label"
15634:
14488:
Taylor Martin, Susan (28 December 1998). "On Jan. 1, out of many arises one Euro".
14181:
14108:"France: Strict defamation and privacy laws limit free expression – Index on Censorship"
12537:
12455:
12006:
9070:). Similar to the Olympics, France introduced Olympics for deaf people (Deaflympics) in
8413:
7986:
7829:, written in 1175 by Perrout de Saint Cloude, tells the story of the medieval character
7800:
7485:
7360:
5600:
5409:
5172:, with European countries and the United States being leading sources. According to the
5113:, and the second-largest in the European Union by both metrics. France is considered an
4953:) have been used to repress public expressions of homosexuality or street prostitution.
4304:
2640:
The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change that began with the
508:
65:
26508:
26366:
26163:
25118:
24802:
24792:
24016:
23294:
22197:
21883:
21459:
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20967:
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20769:
20735:
20319:
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18169:
18161:
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16190:"France par aire d'attraction des villes - Population municipale 2021 >> Tableau"
16089:
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14240:
12877:"The National Assembly and the Senate – General Characteristics of the Parliament"
12480:
12439:
11512:
11504:
11207:
10780:
10772:
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9079:
8786:
is more commonly used in the South. Each region of France has traditional specialties:
8688:
8652:
8488:
8445:
8114:
8098:
8081:
8061:
7911:
7857:
7796:
7781:
7730:
7583:
7518:
7081:
6960:
6700:
6449:
5661:
5529:
5090:
5045:
4895:
4891:
4543:
4468:
4437:
4412:. France has been a key member of this global organisation since its inception in 1970.
4409:
4264:
4039:
3796:
3699:
3427:
3293:
3211:
3112:
3057:
3046:
2855:
2824:
2668:
proved unable to manage. A financial crisis and social distress led in May 1789 to the
2468:
2445:
2409:
2222:
2198:
kept the empire united, however in 843, it was divided between Louis' three sons, into
2175:
2044:
1912:
1848:
1536:
1504:
1241:
1233:
1209:
1082:
1044:
438:
24151:
22723:
20116:
18331:"Dirty books and literary freedom: The Lady Chatterley publisher who beat the censors"
17282:
16486:
15603:
7874:, whose aim was to sum up all the knowledge of his century and to fight ignorance and
7649:
although it was introduced in France before the revolution with such buildings as the
7336:, who both worked in France. Two of the most famous French artists of the time of the
7143:. Approximately 77% of health expenditures are covered by government-funded agencies.
4996:. In 2024, France became the first nation in the European Union to explicitly protect
4747:
long-range nuclear strike aircraft, while around 10 are deployed by the French Navy's
3639:
in 2009; however, the plan was abandoned due to fears of burdening French businesses.
3030:, an authoritarian regime collaborating with Germany, ruled the unoccupied territory.
2699:
The next three years were dominated by struggle for political control, exacerbated by
2210:. West Francia approximated the area occupied by modern France and was its precursor.
201:
26168:
25905:
25735:
25513:
25415:
25361:
24838:
23877:
23655:
23640:
23617:
23277:
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22400:
22082:
21590:
21446:
21168:
21150:
21145:
21130:
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21054:
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20864:
20842:
20823:
20691:
20618:
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20341:
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20184:
19881:"Change Seems Essential to Escape Extinction: Wimbledon: World's Most Loved Dinosaur"
19762:
19737:
19708:
19331:
19304:
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19020:
18461:
18383:
18305:
18173:
18086:
18016:
17888:
17488:
17142:
17025:
16769:
16751:
16648:
16600:
16419:
16365:
16358:
16335:
15976:
15796:
15683:
15284:
13145:"Circonscriptions administratives au 1er janvier 2015 : comparaisons régionales"
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12752:
12592:
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11298:
11277:
11218:
11185:
11150:
11123:
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10835:
10810:
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10764:
10669:
10612:
10288:
10261:
10210:
10183:
10157:
10137:
10105:
10080:
10070:
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9863:
9440:
9375:
9322:
9283:
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8799:
8509:
8342:
8334:
8065:
8049:
7996:
7822:
7754:
7750:
7480:
There are many art museums in France, the most famous of which being the state-owned
7474:
7470:
7277:
6920:
6720:
6704:
6238:
6218:
6061:
5982:
5929:
Famous French scientists of the 20th century include the mathematician and physicist
5869:
5846:
5790:
5697:
5374:
5324:
5280:
5270:
5254:
5199:
5141:
5122:
5057:
4981:
4965:
4900:
4368:
4338:
4316:
4260:
4206:
3964:
3948:
3837:
3830:
3423:
3374:
3247:
3133:
3108:
3065:
3061:
3035:
2653:
2633:
2619:
2591:
2569:
2417:
2105:
2075:
1909:
Around 125 BC, the south of Gaul was conquered by the Romans, who called this region
1739:
1707:
1533:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1383:
1364:
1276:
1249:
1221:
1197:
1158:
1146:
559:
522:
375:
19890:
19806:
14788:
13559:[The return of France to NATO causes discomfort in the ranks of the right].
12794:
12536:[Federation of Regional Natural Parks of France] (in French). Archived from
8069:
7939:
6984:
is a constitutional right. The French policy on religion is based on the concept of
5930:
5814:
493:
25301:
23691:
23645:
23607:
23553:
23495:
23410:
23385:
22701:
22020:
21082:
21034:
20906:
20881:
20371:
18153:
17880:
17531:
17345:
16759:
16743:
15788:
15675:
14714:
14631:
14275:
13831:"90.07.06: The Aerospace Industry: Its History and How it Affects the U.S. Economy"
13557:"Le retour de la France dans l'OTAN suscite un malaise dans les rangs de la Droite"
13352:
12744:
12475:
12459:
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11209:
Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur
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6912:
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6892:
6880:
6797:
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6494:
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6057:
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5798:
5552:, ranking third in revenue globally. In 2018, EDF produced around one-fifth of the
5549:
5524:
5504:
5437:
5433:
5189:, the government historically played a major role in the economy; policies such as
5070:
4993:
4755:
4476:
4428:(near the border with Germany). France is a founding member of all EU institutions.
4300:
4027:
3906:
3632:
3575:
3496:
3488:
3255:
3150:
3011:
2815:. His armies conquered most of continental Europe with swift victories such as the
2796:
2751:
2747:
2649:
2590:
occurred in French intellectual circles, and scientific breakthroughs, such as the
2537:
providing the legal framework for slavery and expelling Jews from French colonies.
2341:
2214:
2052:
1961:
1675:
1642:
1609:
1576:
1225:
1213:
877:
576:
20544:
20383:
17506:
17433:"Espérance de vie, taux de mortalité et taux de mortalité infantile dans le monde"
12557:. Fédération des Parcs naturels régionaux de France . 22 July 2013. Archived from
10065:
Rouche, Michel (1987). "The Early Middle Ages in the West". In Veyne, Paul (ed.).
8898:
France hosts "the world's biggest annual sporting event", the annual cycling race
8517:
8461:
8198:. Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel are the most prominent figures associated with
8183:
8135:
7560:
7514:
7403:
6923:(Italian dialect). Italian was the official language of Corsica until 9 May 1859.
6528:
6279:
5457:
5390:
5177:
4683:
4565:
4519:. From 2012 to 2021, France and other African states intervened in support of the
3999:
3172:
2664:
2656:, while its values and institutions remain central to modern political discourse.
2399:
1945:), the capital of the Gauls. In 250-290 AD, Roman Gaul suffered a crisis with its
1886:
1282:
26443:
26310:
25960:
25593:
24130:
24011:
23776:
23505:
23420:
23355:
23270:
23179:
22766:
22575:
22142:
22075:
21988:
21796:
21675:
21502:
21177:
21140:
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7811:). Much medieval French poetry and literature was inspired by the legends of the
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The basic principles that the French Republic must respect are found in the 1789
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in the world. The country has produced such equipment as the Rafale fighter, the
4715:
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4571:
4531:
4495:
4405:
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4225:
4181:
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3665:. With a surface area of 635 km (245 sq mi), it is the largest estuary in Europe.
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537:
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319:
118:
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19098:
Global Powers of Luxury Goods 2019: Bridging the gap between the old and the new
17576:
16937:"Immigration rose in France in 2022, driven by labor needs and foreign students"
16890:[Annual census surveys 2004 and 2005] (in French). Insee. Archived from
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13590:
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12680:
12160:
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In addition to the 18 regions and 101 departments, the French Republic has five
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since the beginning of the 17th century, but in the 19th and 20th centuries its
2129:
1960:. Christians, who had been persecuted, increased. But from the 5th century, the
1368:
1324:
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12817:"What's in Emmanuel Macron's intray after his re-election as French president?"
12463:
12054:
11822:"Parisians throw open doors in wake of attacks, but Muslims fear repercussions"
11706:
11620:
Cutts, M.; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2000).
9687:"Bilan démographique 2023 – Composantes de la croissance démographique, France"
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5911:
5696:, the world's tallest bridge, and has built many important bridges such as the
5693:
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5449:
5318:
5308:
5235:
5173:
5149:
5137:
5118:
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4779:
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4729:. In addition to the submarine fleet, it is estimated that France has about 60
4146:
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3822:
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3500:
3450:
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on 14 July led to a series of radical measures by the Assembly, among them the
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2013:
2009:
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19353:"La France du beurre et celle de l'huile d'olive maintiennent leurs positions"
12748:
10493:"Faith of the Eldest Daughter – Can France retain her Catholic heritage?"
9290:
larger than 1 km (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) as well as the estuaries of rivers
8868:
is made in distilleries located on islands in the Atlantic and Indian oceans.
8676:
6022:
With an estimated January 2024 population of 68,373,433 people, France is the
5660:, which travels at 320 km/h (199 mph). The Eurostar, along with the
5483:). Small and picturesque French villages are promoted through the association
5386:
3686:
or PNR) is a public establishment in France between local authorities and the
3442:
3278:
of immigrants, where they were expected to adhere to French values and norms.
2598:(1783), were achieved by French scientists. French explorers took part in the
234:
19:"French Republic" and "La France" redirect here. For preceding republics, see
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17166:. Vol. III. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 313–315.
16755:
16747:
16487:"In officially colorblind France, blacks have a dream – and now a lobby"
16281:
15945:"People in the EU – statistics on demographic changes – Statistics Explained"
15129:"Nuclear Power in France | French Nuclear Energy – World Nuclear Association"
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13713:
12471:
12368:"Countries Compared by Environment > Forest area > % of land area"
12341:
11190:
10823:
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9367:
9351:
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8743:. As in most industrialised nations, the print media have been affected by a
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8477:
8412:) credited with creating cinema in 1895. The world's first female filmmaker,
8390:
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8057:
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7567:(used as the royal necropolis); other important French Gothic cathedrals are
7458:
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7044:. France was traditionally considered the Church's eldest daughter (French:
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2155:, seized the crown of Francia from the weakened Merovingians and founded the
2079:
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1070:
1022:
431:
336:
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15499:"First lockdown in France improved air quality, avoided thousands of deaths"
15340:
Ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Énergie, du Développement Durable et de la Mer
11846:"Yes, Parisians are traumatised, but the spirit of resistance still lingers"
10084:
8658:
8592:
8441:
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has remained immensely popular. Other major authors of that century include
7864:
French literature and poetry flourished during the 18th and 19th centuries.
7718:
5898:
of the 19th century saw spectacular scientific developments in France, with
5345:
With 100 million international tourist arrivals in 2023, France is the
5290:
is the world's most-visited paid monument, an icon of both Paris and France.
5243:
5163:
facilitates access to capital, goods, services, and skilled labour. Despite
5066:
4805:
are regularly ranked as some of the most robust of any nation in the world.
4216:
Since 2016, France is divided into 18 administrative regions: 13 regions in
3628:, France was the fifth most environmentally conscious country in the world.
3519:
were formed. These massifs delineate several sedimentary basins such as the
2889:, as Napoleon III. He multiplied French interventions abroad, especially in
25835:
25241:
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24776:
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17861:
page 2 "Palmarès des 30 premiers sites culturels (entrées comptabilisées)"
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11623:
The State of the World's Refugees, 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action
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French in the European Union and globally through institutions such as the
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5469:
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France is a founding member of the United Nations and serves as one of the
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3116:
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1795:
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1356:
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18419:
The Rise of Modern Philosophy: A New History of Western Philosophy, vol. 3
17599:
1881–1882 : Lois Ferry École publique gratuite, laïque et obligatoire
16853:[To be born in France of an immigrant parent] (in French). Insee.
16276:
15702:
15665:
14591:
14458:
13059:
12953:[What is the purpose of the Senate?] (in French). 18 August 2007.
12705:
12415:
10539:
See drop-down essay on "Religion and Politics until the French Revolution"
9018:, who suggested the Games' revival, at the end of the 19th century. After
5607:, are managed by EDF. France aims to further expand hydropower into 2040.
3925:) was the second-largest voting block elected to the lower house in 2022.
3080:. As one of the biggest winners in World War II, France became one of the
2827:
family were appointed monarchs in some of the newly established kingdoms.
1925:
conquered the remainder of Gaul and overcame a revolt by Gallic chieftain
1734:
in what is now France date from approximately 1.8 million years ago.
26238:
26040:
26020:
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20311:
18862:
18366:
17947:
16730:
Kalt, Anne; Hossain, Mazeda; Kiss, Ligia; Zimmerman, Cathy (March 2013).
16440:
16229:
13338:
10199:
Jenkins, C. (2011). "Cro-Magnon Man, Roman Gaul and the Feudal Kingdom".
9119:
9067:
9034:. Since 1900, France has hosted the Olympics on 5 further occasions: the
8977:
8915:
8818:
8739:
8682:
8552:) industry in the years 1860–1960 through the establishment of the great
8326:
8314:
8241:
8215:
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7966:
7767:
7763:
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6546:
6131:
5942:
5826:
5818:
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5739:, which connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean through the
5701:
5394:
5180:
has the highest concentration of multinational firms in mainland Europe.
5110:
5062:
4989:
4929:
as a motivation for the enactment of prohibitions; it has long abolished
4875:
4848:
4801:) operates under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior. France's
4647:
4637:
4617:
4597:
4512:
4321:
4118:
3929:
RN became the largest opposition party in the National Assembly in 2022.
3857:
3845:
3787:, elected directly by universal adult suffrage for a five-year term. The
3655:
3524:
3390:
3031:
2890:
2669:
2603:
2441:
2412:
saw cultural development and standardisation of French, which became the
2387:
2383:
2251:
2247:
2160:
1973:
1867:
1787:
1735:
1423:
1332:
1114:
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19977:
was created from a revision of this article dated 8 April 2023
18165:
17401:
15792:
15574:"Marseille : un grand port maritime qui ne demande qu'à se montrer"
13661:"Aid to developing countries rebounds in 2013 to reach an all-time high"
12775:[The 5-year term: referendum of 24 September 2000] (in French).
10035:
8919:
8771:
7650:
6849:
6138:(771,320). (Note: since its 2020 revision of metropolitan area borders,
5024:(state secularism): the state does not formally recognise any religion,
4511:) and has supplied economic aid and troops for peacekeeping missions in
3072:(GPRF). This interim government, established by de Gaulle, continued to
2662:
were a combination of social, political and economic factors, which the
224:
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21072:
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19633:
16593:
Russian Refugees in France and the United States Between the World Wars
15318:
13630:
13440:
11508:
10776:
10496:
9347:
9343:
8972:. Several major tennis tournaments take place in France, including the
8791:
8469:
8405:
8358:
8230:
8211:
7890:
7847:
7838:
7775:
7288:
7185:
6942:
According to the 2007 Adult Education survey, part of a project by the
6512:
6127:
6089:
5973:, who afterward performed the first successful double hand transplant.
5877:
5728:
5596:
5591:
5480:
5204:
4934:
4879:
4844:
4538:, the 12th highest among the OECD. Aid is provided by the governmental
4471:, France has developed close ties with reunified Germany to become the
4425:
4390:
4241:
4104:
4082:
4077:
3636:
3542:
The coastlines offer contrasting landscapes: mountain ranges along the
3532:
3382:
3339:
3171:, which included a strengthened presidency. The war concluded with the
3050:
2624:
2545:
2507:
2503:
2464:
2308:
2263:
1934:
1831:
1799:
1791:
1529:
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1355:
was established and later dissolved in the course of the defeat in the
1189:
1106:
392:
381:
24823:
23875:
23158:
22436:
18036:
13502:[Mitterrand already negotiated the return of France to NATO].
13500:"Quand Mitterrand, déjà, négociait le retour de la France dans l'Otan"
12970:"After green wave in local elections, is France's left back on track?"
11584:
Foreign Intervention in Africa: From the Cold War to the War on Terror
11266:
Encyclopedia Of World War I: A Political, Social, And Military History
9355:
9108:
tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June at the
8019:), whose works are among the most well known in France and the world.
7434:, were also at the avant-garde of artistic evolutions, as well as the
6596:
5689:
4249:
4092:
3905:(since 2015). In the 2017 presidential and legislative elections, the
3156:, then part of France and home to over one million European settlers (
2483:
2117:
1095:
one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world
26198:
26193:
26138:
25980:
25558:
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24875:
24870:
24556:
24277:
24047:
23594:
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22384:
22334:
22237:
22212:
22047:
Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.
21868:
21640:
20410:
19450:
18929:
18157:
17695:
17647:"Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) France report"
16591:
Hassell, James E. (1991). "III. French Government and the Refugees".
14988:"Tourism: The Loire Valley, an intoxicating destination for visitors"
14505:
How can Europe reset the investment agenda now to rebuild its future?
13808:
Centre de Documentation et de Recherche sur la Paix et les Conflits,
8787:
8783:
8670:
8614:
8588:
8553:
8207:
7902:
7384:
7237:
7118:, a teaching hospital in Paris, is one of Europe's largest hospitals.
6812:
6759:
6716:
6517:
6465:
6342:
6158:
was a perennial political issue throughout most of the 20th century.
6107:
6046:
5842:
5732:
5184:
4930:
4856:
4464:
4401:
4342:
4006:
3551:
3362:
3157:
3146:
2575:
2533:
2499:
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2326:
2296:
2218:
1969:
1950:
1856:
1780:
1776:
1566:
1435:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1229:
1154:
952:
942:
25330:
19699:
McLaughlin, Luke; Symons, Harvey; Amani, Julian (6 September 2023).
17308:
How to conduct European clinical trials from the Paris Region ?
13234:
13000:"Takeaways from the final round of France's parliamentary elections"
11500:
11330:"BBC – History – World Wars: The Vichy Policy on Jewish Deportation"
10760:
10576:"History of France – The Capetian kings of France: AD 987–1328"
9784:"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey"
8424:, one of the most important and famous film festivals in the world.
6802:
Code of Entry and Residence of Foreigners and of the Right to Asylum
5765:
France is in 2020 the biggest national financial contributor to the
3238:
In the post-Gaullist era, France remained one of the most developed
3194:, de Gaulle pursued a policy of "national independence" towards the
26489:
Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
26340:
26264:
26233:
26228:
25895:
25890:
25850:
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25684:
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22010:
21980:
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21199:
19807:"Paris 1900 Summer Olympics. Official Site of the Olympic Movement"
19430:
19101:
16312:
15398:
15109:
14992:
TourMaG.com, 1er journal des professionnels du tourisme francophone
13092:(in French). Government of France. 18 December 2015. Archived from
11876:"Europe's open-border policy may become latest victim of terrorism"
11660:
From revolution to ethics: May 1968 and contemporary French thought
11485:
Crozier, Brian; Mansell, Gerard (July 1960). "France and Algeria".
11122:(1992 ed.). University of California Press. pp. 117–130.
10798:
9859:
Memory, Empire, and Postcolonialism: Legacies of French Colonialism
9791:
9317:
Various other time zones are used in overseas France, from UTC−10 (
9059:
9051:
9031:
8825:, which are often named for the territory where they are produced (
8814:
8811:
8807:
8709:
8697:
8664:
8576:
8565:
8086:
8004:
7910:
was an important movement in French literature, with poets such as
7368:
7193:
7031:
6669:
6661:
6444:
6410:
6290:
6119:
6115:
5958:
5778:
5677:
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5156:
5148:, at 1.9 per cent. Less than 2 per cent of GDP is generated by the
4997:
4972:
are legal. Laws prohibiting discriminatory speech in the press are
4840:
4498:, France rejoined the NATO joint military command on 4 April 2009.
4453:
4167:
3571:
3512:
3454:
3430:, on the western edge of Europe, and thus lies within the northern
3335:
3251:
3232:
3191:
3041:
From 1942 to 1944, about 160,000 French citizens, including around
2846:
against his rule, Napoleon was defeated. About a million Frenchmen
2780:
2759:
2561:
2541:
2515:
2428:. The rise of Protestantism led France to a civil war known as the
2349:
2345:
2292:
2121:
2067:
2036:
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1930:
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18380:"The Little Prince | Plot, Analysis, & Facts | Britannica.com"
14528:
10747:(1952). "Edward III and the beginnings of the Hundred Years War".
9097:" in reference to the team's shirt colour as well as the national
7197:
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5261:
have made it Europe's leading agricultural producer and exporter.
4916:. To be applicable, every law must be officially published in the
3659:
3567:
3285:, France has been targeted by Islamist organisations, notably the
2352:, covering half of modern France. Tensions between France and the
2062:
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Drouhot, Lucas; Simon, Patrick; Tiberj, Vincent (30 March 2023).
16848:
16059:"Tableau 44 – Taux de fécondité générale par âge de la mère"
14429:"Germans Say Goodbye to the Mark, a Symbol of Strength and Unity"
13481:"L'alliance Franco-allemande au coeur de la puissance européenne"
9645:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
9593:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
9359:
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Whole of the except the overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean
9287:
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As a significant hub for international relations, France has the
4245:
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4097:
4087:
4067:
3674:
mean score of 4.52/10, ranking it 123rd globally. There are nine
3563:
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3464:
scattered across the planet, France possesses the second-largest
3411:
3402:
3386:
3378:
3267:
3068:
emerged victorious, and French sovereignty was restored with the
2602:
through maritime expeditions. Enlightenment philosophy, in which
2565:
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1844:
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1481:
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20150:
19355:[France butter and olive oil maintain their positions].
17968:"Charles VII et Louis XI -Know -Val de Loire patrimoine mondial"
12791:"The French National Assembly – Constitution of October 4, 1958"
11718:
11716:
7484:, which collects artwork from the 18th century and earlier. The
4632:) are the military and paramilitary forces of France, under the
3104:
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26223:
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19517:"Région Guadeloupe-Guadeloupe, a land of cultures and flavours"
19036:
The cultural exception is not negotiable by Catherine Trautmann
18292:. Adherents.com. Archived from the original on 28 November 2005
17797:
Musée d'Orsay (official website), History of the museum –
17366:"Measuring Overall Health System Performance for 191 Countries"
17321:"World Health Organization Assesses the World's Health Systems"
16228:
15972:"Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries"
15558:. The Journal of Commerce Online. 23 April 2008. Archived from
14679:[The Paris Stock Exchange: an institution since 1724].
14151:"France makes abortion a constitutional right in historic vote"
12673:"Constitutional Limits on Government: Country Studies – France"
11973:"Mont Blanc shrinks by 45 cm (17.72 in) in two years"
11673:"Declaration by the Franco-German Defense and Security Council"
9754:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (France)"
9240:
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8989:
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8569:
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8513:
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7481:
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always maintained close links to the Pope, receiving the title
6995:
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population, numbering between 20,000 and 400,000; many foreign
6728:
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6147:
6135:
6123:
6027:
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5332:
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1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State
4908:(which handle criminal and civil litigation) are headed by the
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3504:
3398:
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1122:
251:
19300:
Haute Cuisine: How the French Invented the Culinary Profession
18012:
Architecture and the Politics of Gender in Early Modern Europe
13708:
O’Sullivan, Michael; Subramanian, Krithika (17 October 2015).
8845:, sometimes with a salad served before the cheese or dessert.
8662:, more than doubled the sales of national newspapers, such as
8408:, with two Frenchmen, Auguste and Louis Lumière (known as the
8375:
7943:
is widely seen as one of the greatest novels ever written and
7453:
At the beginning of the 20th century, Cubism was developed by
6767:
5140:
represent two-thirds of both the workforce and GDP, while the
4501:
France retains strong political and economic influence in its
2531:, forcing thousands of Huguenots into exile and published the
1817:
1295:, subjugating part of continental Europe and establishing the
26107:
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20147: – official site of the French Government Tourist Office
20101:
20001:
18952:"Cannes Film Festival - Palais des Festivals, Cannes, France"
17257:"Society2; religion in France; beliefs; secularism (laicité)"
17162:
Parisse, Michael (2005). "Lotharingia". In Reuter, T. (ed.).
16788:"aida – Asylum Information Database – Country Report: France"
16185:
13631:"Official development assistance (ODA) – Net ODA – OECD Data"
11713:
10733:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 100, 101.
10552:. History.howstuffworks.com. 27 February 2008. Archived from
9542:
9470:
7934:
7930:
7575:. The kings were crowned in another important Gothic church:
7027:
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6633:
6426:
6376:
6324:
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5708:-driven cars and lorries cause a large part of the country's
5544:
France is the world's tenth-largest producer of electricity.
4678:
and civil police in rural areas. Together they are among the
4174:
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3559:
3555:
3527:
in the north. Various routes of natural passage, such as the
3406:
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3351:
3180:
2968:
2340:, established its dominion over the surrounding provinces of
2125:
2109:
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1694:, though it can be also heard in some other dialects such as
1678:
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1166:
1138:
1130:
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19701:"Everything you need to know about the 2023 Rugby World Cup"
19464:
14529:"Welcome to the Banque de France website | Banque de France"
10177:
10175:
10173:
8852:
and the attractiveness of France. A French publication, the
8182:, France has produced a number of notable composers such as
7398:. The most famous impressionist painters of the period were
5495:" label is a list of the over 200 gardens classified by the
5472:
itself are the third leading tourist destination in France.
4964:
for homosexual couples have been permitted, and since 2013,
4766:
France has major military industries and one of the largest
3807:, president Macron was re-elected. Two months later, in the
3631:
Like all European Union state members, France agreed to cut
2163:, reunited the Frankish kingdoms and built an empire across
1374:
France retains its centuries-long status as a global centre
211:
26045:
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25945:
25870:
23719:
23567:
23375:
23020:
22930:
22819:
22632:
22187:
21906:
20886:
20296:
19017:
17994:
Claude Lébedel – Les Splendeurs du Baroque en France:
15576:[Marseille: a grand seaport just waiting to show].
14337:"These are the top 10 manufacturing countries in the world"
9436:
9078:
who paved the way to organise the inaugural edition of the
8907:
8753:
8721:
8584:
8322:
8068:
began in France in the 17th century with the philosophy of
7216:
7212:
7134:. In its 2000 assessment of world health care systems, the
7089:
6692:
6562:
6358:
6308:
6266:
6143:
6103:
5922:. Other eminent French scientists of the period have their
5645:
5304:
5239:
5146:
eighth in the world by share of global manufacturing output
5126:
4520:
4516:
3811:, Macron lost his parliamentary majority and had to form a
3621:
3446:
3414:. Metropolitan France is situated mostly between latitudes
3343:
3138:
2971:
posing with their war-torn flag in 1917, during World War I
2730:, the constitution was suspended and power passed from the
2452:, which granted some freedom of religion to the Huguenots.
1976:
along the Rhine River Valley, and the Franks in the north.
1942:
1823:
1546:
1459:
1455:
938:
25006:
20092:
19199:
Nicolas Sarkozy: French media faces 'death' without reform
19132:"L'observatoire de la presse et des médias de L'APCM 2022"
18867:"You Know These 20 Movies. Now Meet the Women Behind Them"
18857:
17390:
16116:"Évolution générale de la situation démographique, France"
13860:[France stays one of the biggest arms supplier]].
13858:"La France demeure un fournisseur d'armes de premier plan"
12773:"Le quinquennat : le référendum du 24 Septembre 2000"
9391:, several other Internet TLDs are used in French overseas
9006:
is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time
8535:
The association of France with fashion and style (French:
8260:, choir and orchestra. In the middle of the 20th century,
7882:
was a prolific writer of children's fairy tales including
7609:
Following the Renaissance and the end of the Middle Ages,
5819:
rationalism as a method for acquiring scientific knowledge
5491:(literally "The Most Beautiful Villages of France"). The "
4274:
3296:
in French history, gathering 4.4 million people, the
2931:
extended greatly and became the second-largest behind the
2393:
2390:, from which half of the 17 million population died.
24854:
20113: – links to various administrations and institutions
19592:
18058:
17346:
The ranking, see spreadsheet details for a whole analysis
14035:
Buonomo, Giampiero (2015). "La rivendicazione di Gallo".
12109:"CO2 : la France moins pollueuse grâce au nucléaire"
10170:
9432:
9428:
9424:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9408:
9404:
9400:
9396:
9388:
9338:
The overseas regions and collectivities form part of the
7929:. Hugo's verse has been compared to that of Shakespeare,
7418:. The second generation of impressionist-style painters,
6787:, France, that existed from January 2015 to October 2016.
6699:
estimated that the largest minority ancestry groups were
5657:
5130:
4855:(which was largely based on the royal law codified under
4535:
2854:
from exile, Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815 at the
1748:
around 35,000 BC. This period witnessed the emergence of
1651:
1585:
1137:
to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the
1034:
23324:
21489:
19743:
16966:[Who are the new immigrants living in France?].
16729:
16168:"Naissances selon le pays de naissance des parents 2010"
15403:
h2g2 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: Earth Edition
14137:
La lutte contre le racisme et l'antisémintisme en France
13919:[The Directorate General of Internal Security].
13464:. The French Ministry of Foreign affairs. Archived from
12436:
12111:[CO2: France less polluting thanks to nuclear].
11777:"Officials: Paris Unity Rally Largest in French History"
10604:
Oresme's Livre de Politiques and the France of Charles V
8848:
French cuisine is also regarded as a key element of the
7841:
novels. Rabelais was also in regular communication with
7062:
1905 law on the Separation of the Churches and the State
6951:
languages made up the remaining 5.2% of the population.
5448:
in 2009. With more than 10 million tourists a year, the
4754:
attack aircraft, which operate from the nuclear-powered
4682:
and the largest in the EU. According to a 2015 study by
4530:
In 2017, France was the world's fourth-largest donor of
3183:
fled from Algeria to France. A vestige of empire is the
2952:
2765:
2506:
occurred. This rebellion was driven by feudal lords and
1428:
permanent members of the United Nations Security Council
1268:
and further increased its influence during the reign of
24181:
22753:
18356:
Modiano strengthens France's literature Nobel dominance
15191:. World Nuclear Association. April 2017. Archived from
15099:
Electricity production, consumption and market overview
14906:"Fréquentation des musées et des bâtiments historiques"
14677:"La Bourse de Paris : une institution depuis 1724"
14556:
14554:
12217:"EU promises 20% reduction in carbon emissions by 2020"
11146:
Events that Changed the World in the Nineteenth Century
11003:
10067:
A History of Private Life: From Pagan Rome to Byzantium
9614:
9612:
9463:
9104:
The French Open, also called Roland-Garros, is a major
7525:
represents the French impact on religious architecture.
7308:
The origins of French art were very much influenced by
7018:. According to the national survey of 2020 held by the
5211:, and the 15th most competitive, according to the 2019
5034:
banned wearing conspicuous religious symbols in schools
4743:; 50 are deployed by the Air and Space Force using the
3312:, killed over 1,000 ISIS troops between 2014 and 2015.
2838:
and Declaration of the Rights of Man. In 1812 Napoleon
2258:(1337–1453), which paved the way for the final victory.
2182:
and thus establishing the French government's longtime
2047:, which was said to have guaranteed the battle. Clovis
1979:
1933:
into provinces and many cities were founded during the
737:• Metropolitan France, estimate as of January 2024
20006:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
19861:
18993:"Enquête sur l'image du cinéma français dans le monde"
16964:"Qui sont les nouveaux immigrés qui vivent en France?"
16277:"France's ethnic minorities: To count or not to count"
15919:"Bilan démographique 2006: un excédent naturel record"
13335:
Commission de l'Océan Indien | Indian Ocean Commission
11484:
11319:"The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies"
10971:
9882:
8695:
The most influential news magazines are the left-wing
5127:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
3471:
2865:
The discredited Bourbon dynasty was overthrown by the
2416:
and Europe's aristocracy. France became rivals of the
1460:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
19698:
18841:"Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne – les frères Lumière"
17948:
Site officiel de la Cathedrale de Notre-Dame de Reims
17227:
Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs
17117:
National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies
16849:
Catherine Borrel; Bertrand Lhommeau (30 March 2010).
13811:
Etat des forces nucléaires françaises au 15 août 2004
13707:
10523:
Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs
10329:"Cornelius Tacitus, The History, BOOK II, chapter 91"
9308:
French overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean only
8053:, which is one of the best selling books in history.
7681:. The architecture associated with this era is named
7002:
is an exception to the general French norm since the
6804:. Immigration remains a contentious political issue.
6800:
migration. Foreigners' rights are established in the
4956:
France generally has a positive reputation regarding
2885:, Napoleon I's nephew, was proclaimed emperor of the
2632:
on 14 July 1789 was the most emblematic event of the
2262:
The Carolingian dynasty ruled France until 987, when
1666:
1657:
1654:
1645:
1633:
1624:
1621:
1612:
1600:
1591:
1588:
1579:
19350:
15460:
L'automobile magazine, hors-série 2003/2004 page 294
14711:"Embassy of France in Washington: Economy of France"
14551:
14081:"François Hollande signs same-sex marriage into law"
14005:"Factbox: France's military and defense contractors"
13991:"Rafale Sales Help France Reach Arms Exports Record"
13949:
The List: Best and Worst Countries for Cybersecurity
13710:
The End of Globalization or a more Multipolar World?
13478:
12847:"France learns parliamentary democracy the hard way"
12153:"2018 EPI Results | Environmental Performance Index"
11553:
A New Paradigm of the African State: Fundi wa Afrika
9609:
9137:
8214:
was a key member of the early-20th-century Parisian
8175:
and the leading French composer of the harpsichord.
7064:, which established the aforementioned principle of
5837:, which blossomed in Europe during this period. The
5097:
among the ten largest globally; it is currently the
5093:. For roughly two centuries, the French economy has
4542:, which finances primarily humanitarian projects in
2901:. Napoleon III was unseated following defeat in the
2104:("Land of the Franks"). The Germanic Franks adopted
1648:
1615:
1582:
1558:
19327:
Accounting for Taste: The Triumph of French Cuisine
18928:. Cannesguide.com. 15 February 2007. Archived from
17577:
II. L'évolution du contenu de l'obligation scolaire
17505:(in French). Statistiques mondiales. Archived from
17487:(in French). Statistiques mondiales. Archived from
17073:"GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences"
17009:
Le français et les langues historiques de la France
16671:[Immigration flow by continent of origin].
14281:
12706:"France | History, Map, Flag, Capital, & Facts"
12534:"Fédération des parcs naturels régionaux de France"
12430:
11928:Goodliffe, Gabriel; Brizzi, Riccardo, eds. (2015).
11796:"Paris attacks: Millions rally for unity in France"
11456:"In France, a War of Memories Over Memories of War"
11346:; France, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,
9855:
7594:. Examples of such residential castles include the
7488:was inaugurated in 1986 in the old railway station
6102:population in 2021) being Paris (13,171,056 inh.),
5077:
in continental Europe, and the fourth in the world.
5012:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
4868:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
4337:), and one island possession in the Pacific Ocean (
2613:
1553:is uncertain. It is traditionally derived from the
1339:at great human and economic cost. It was among the
19809:. International Olympic Committee. 27 August 2018.
19687:France wins right to host the 2007 rugby world cup
19589:"Tour De France 2019: Everything you need to know"
18707:[The 100 Greatest Artists – No. 62].
17164:The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 900–c. 1024
17106:
16996:La Constitution- La Constitution du 4 Octobre 1958
16357:
16209:
15044:"BP Statistical Review of World Energy July 2021""
14930:. Themed Entertainment Association. Archived from
13139:
13137:
13060:"France – Parliamentary composition and functions"
12398:"Evolution of the French forest from 1984 to 1996"
11775:Hinnant, Lori; Adamson, Thomas (11 January 2015).
11263:Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005).
11206:
9884:
9538:"L'essentiel sur... les immigrés et les étrangers"
7328:was directly inspired by Italian painters such as
5420:(1.02 million), which is home to eight large
5030:listed many religious movements as dangerous cults
2652:. Many of its ideas are fundamental principles of
2370:died without an heir in 1328. The crown passed to
1790:development between the 4th and 3rd millennia BC,
1539:
1520:("free, noble, sincere"), and ultimately from the
19443:
18664:"Claude Debussy – Biography – AllMusic"
18244:"Victor Hugo est le plus grand écrivain français"
16915:"Turks and Moroccans top list of new EU citizens"
16328:Hastings International and Comparative Law Review
14925:"TEA/AECOM Attraction Attendance Report for 2009"
13917:"La Direction générale de la sécurité intérieure"
13701:
13355:. Association of Caribbean States. 24 July 1994.
13118:(in French). Myfrenchproperty.com. Archived from
12647:Fédération des Parcs naturels régionaux de France
12418:[The forest in France and in the world].
11580:
10260:. Cambridge University Press. 2000. p. 754.
10153:English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change
8902:. Other popular sports played in France include:
8618:was founded in 1826 and it is still considered a
7006:stipulates official status and state funding for
6741:expelled back to Bulgaria and Romania frequently.
5985:on 7 September 2001 across the Atlantic Ocean. A
4937:(the latter in 1791). However, "offences against
3864:. Legislators in the National Assembly, known as
3410:various coastal islands, of which the largest is
2703:. Military defeats following the outbreak of the
2560:kept growing, however, with acquisitions such as
2213:During the 9th and 10th centuries, threatened by
248:Location of France (blue or dark green)
26494:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
26435:
18349:
18325:
18323:
18321:
17102:
17100:
17098:
16888:"Enquêtes annuelles de recensement 2004 et 2005"
16869:"Répartition des immigrés par pays de naissance"
15399:"TGV – The French High-speed Train Service"
13605:"France involvement in peace-keeping operations"
12400:. Inventaire Forestier National . Archived from
12189:. New Haven, CT: Yale University. Archived from
11558:
11292:
11119:The French Revolution and the Birth of Modernity
8309:. Modern pop music has seen the rise of popular
5672:or tramway services complementing bus services.
5038:wearing of face-covering Islamic veils in public
4874:French law is divided into two principal areas:
2977:invaded by Germany and defended by Great Britain
2374:, rather than Edward of Plantagenet, who became
2325:was launched in 1209 to eliminate the heretical
2051:and was baptised in 508. Clovis I was the first
1047:reports the total as 643,801 km (248,573 sq mi).
19465:Beale, Victoria; Boxell, James (16 July 2011).
18899:
18125:In the heart of the main European Business area
17459:"Evolution de l'espérance de vie à divers âges"
16958:
16956:
16954:
16456:"Europe's Minority Politicians in Short Supply"
14857:French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs
14621:These are the world's most innovative countries
13231:"Membership of the Security Councils of the UN"
13134:
11927:
11750:"French Government Revives Assimilation Policy"
9939:War in the Modern Great Power System, 1495–1975
9904:
9902:
9010:France has a close association with the Modern
8829:). A meal typically consists of three courses,
7791:are unknown. Three famous medieval authors are
7725:. Some famous modern French architects include
6094:France is a highly urbanised country, with its
5969:in 1998 by an international team that included
5664:, connects with the United Kingdom through the
4713:. The French nuclear force (formerly known as "
3130:(1946–1958), which saw strong economic growth (
2580:supported America with money, fleets and armies
687:543,940.9 km (210,016.8 sq mi) (
637:643,801 km (248,573 sq mi) (
25783:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
19487:"Michelin 3 Star Restaurants around the world"
18985:
17061:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
15159:"PRIS – Miscellaneous reports – Nuclear Share"
15018:"Chateaux deluxe: 5 best Loire Valley castles"
11774:
11188:(April 1998). "Napoleon and German identity".
11059:"Scholarly bibliography by Colin Jones (2002)"
10797:
10280:
9256:For information about regional languages, see
7774:The earliest French literature dates from the
7209:Programme for International Student Assessment
7146:Care is generally free for people affected by
6931:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
6845:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
5536:. France derives most of its electricity from
4383:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
4228:. The regions are further subdivided into 101
3377:in the southeast. Its land borders consist of
2916:The first (light blue) and second (dark blue)
2869:of 1830, which established the constitutional
2194:and its cultural grandeur. Charlemagne's son,
2139:(head of household). One mayor of the palace,
1319:in 1870. This led to the establishment of the
26290:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique
25767:
25346:
24992:
24839:
24653:
24379:
24167:
23861:
23799:Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue
23310:
22739:
22552:
22115:
21475:
21274:
21260:
20166:
19761:. Manchester University Press ND. p. 5.
18318:
17141:. University of Virginia Press. p. 419.
17095:
16351:
16349:
15694:
15562:on 17 May 2008 – via BDP International.
15530:"How France is testing free public transport"
14708:
14487:
14239:(in French). IFOP. p. 22. Archived from
13783:. CTBTO Preparatory Commission. 26 May 2010.
12967:
12677:Democracy Web: Comparative studies in Freedom
12215:Traynor, Ian; Gow, David (21 February 2007).
10828:Historical dynamics: why states rise and fall
10097:
9074:with the idea of a French deaf car mechanic,
8778:are usually made to accompany French cuisine.
8595:), more than any other country in the world.
7250:École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris
7022:, 34-38% of the French population adhered to
6879:The official language of France is French, a
6693:the Institut national d'études démographiques
6179:
4263:. These cantons are then divided into 36,658
3070:Provisional Government of the French Republic
2348:, then built an "empire" from England to the
2233:High and Late Middle Ages (10th–15th century)
1315:'s takeover. His empire collapsed during the
1133:to the south, and a maritime border with the
23125:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
22706:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
21841:autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark
20542:
20521:
20381:
19630:"All you need to know about sport in France"
19278:Chronologie de la politique de l'audiovisuel
19269:
19267:
18908:"The Birthplace Celebrates Film's Big 1–0–0"
17737:Le néo-impressionnisme de Seurat à Paul Klee
17215:
16951:
16675:(in French). 3 November 2010. Archived from
16669:"Flux d'immigration par continent d'origine"
16319:
15787:. World Intellectual Property Organization.
15219:IAEA | PRIS Power Reactor Information System
14759:
14148:
13886:[Sales of weapons explode in 2009].
13607:. Delegfrance-onu-geneve.org. Archived from
11752:. Migration Policy Institute. Archived from
11415:
10749:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
10654:
10650:
10648:
10016:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
9949:
9947:
9899:
9748:
9746:
9744:
9742:
9342:, but have their own country calling codes:
8626:In 2021, regional daily newspapers, such as
8404:France has historical and strong links with
7744:
7708:In the 20th century, French-Swiss architect
7657:. Built during the first French Empire, the
7252:that produce high-profile engineers, or the
7246:École des hautes études en sciences sociales
6928:
6053:from a nadir of 1.7 in 1994 to 2.0 in 2010.
5864:, one of the first naturalists to recognize
5515:that hosts several million visitors a year.
5484:
5358:
4912:and administrative courts are headed by the
4799:Direction générale de la Sécurité intérieure
4791:Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure
4692:eighth biggest military spender in the world
4641:
4627:
4458:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
4380:
4361:permanent members of the UN Security Council
4259:, which are, in turn, subdivided into 2,054
4255:The 101 departments are subdivided into 335
3875:French Section of the Workers' International
2303:. French Crusaders imported French into the
1369:close economic and military ties with France
1280:
99:
43:
26331:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie
22568:Countries and dependencies of South America
19789:
19787:
19785:
18761:"French music has the whole planet singing"
18480:"Who Were the Most Famous Existentialists?"
17996:Histoire et splendeurs du baroque en France
17022:"French: one of the world's main languages"
16325:
16025:
15659:
15307:
14737:"French companies by market capitalization"
13353:"About the Association of Caribbean States"
12619:. Maison de la France. 2008. Archived from
12504:"Parks and other protected areas in France"
12137:(in French). 7 January 2008. Archived from
11906:"French policies provoke terrorist attacks"
11198:
11180:
11178:
10946:
10511:
10149:
8894:, and the world's most famous cycling race.
6697:the French National Institute of Statistics
6049:in 1973 and coincides with the rise of the
6026:, the third-most populous in Europe (after
5010:is constitutionally guaranteed by the 1789
4919:Journal officiel de la République française
3936:
3682:in France. A regional nature park (French:
3342:at background, the highest mountain in the
3185:French overseas departments and territories
3167:, the weak Fourth Republic gave way to the
2494:and made France the leading European power.
1910:
1818:Antiquity (6th century BC – 5th century AD)
1672:in British English. The pronunciation with
1492:
1176:Metropolitan France was settled during the
669:551,695 km (213,011 sq mi) (
26514:States and territories established in 1792
26285:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie
25774:
25760:
25353:
25339:
24999:
24985:
24846:
24832:
24660:
24646:
24386:
24372:
24174:
24160:
23868:
23854:
23317:
23303:
22746:
22732:
22559:
22545:
22122:
22108:
21482:
21468:
21267:
21253:
20173:
20159:
20111:Official site of the French public service
19542:"Rum and Reunion Island – La Saga du Rhum"
18967:
18965:
18507:"The subversive philosophy of Simone Weil"
16820:"Le regard des Français sur l'immigration"
16639:De Azevedo, Raimondo Cagiano, ed. (1994).
16638:
16346:
15784:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition
14704:
14702:
12374:. International Statistics. Archived from
12269:"France Sets Carbon Tax at 17 Euros a Ton"
12214:
11587:. Cambridge University Press. p. 46.
11006:"The Origins and Authors of the Code Noir"
10805:. University of California Press. p.
10721:
10719:
9681:
9679:
9677:
7685:in English, the term being taken from the
6972:is the Roman Catholic cathedral where the
6186:
6172:
4636:as supreme commander. They consist of the
4236:. Among the 101 French departments, five (
3775:The executive branch has two leaders. The
2436:to flee to Protestant regions such as the
2254:to several important victories during the
1228:, France was a powerful but decentralized
239:Show France, its overseas territories and
233:
223:
210:
200:
26464:French-speaking countries and territories
25411:Commission against Racism and Intolerance
19351:Véronique MARTINACHE (30 November 2009).
19264:
19230:
19212:Lancement des états généraux de la presse
18926:"Cannes – a festival virgin's guide"
18575:"Debussy's 'La Mer' Marks 100th Birthday"
18143:
17885:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t063666
17755:National Gallery of Art (United States),
16763:
15700:
15580:(in French). 27 June 2009. Archived from
15333:"Chiffres clés du transport Édition 2010"
15070:"The ten biggest power companies in 2018"
14877:
14674:
13479:Pierre-Louis Germain (12 November 2009).
13030:"The makeover of France's National Rally"
12479:
12330:"Why France's forests are getting bigger"
12297:
11949:
11947:
11945:
11943:
11941:
11939:
11453:
11142:
11093:Making Democracy in the French Revolution
10743:
10708:. New York. 28 April 1961. Archived from
10645:
9944:
9739:
8089:who came to embody the Enlightenment and
7545:. During this era, France had been using
6146:is a metropolitan area separate from the
5757:List of French inventions and discoveries
5746:
5408:(7.7 million visitors in 2022), the
4795:Directorate-General for Internal Security
4787:Directorate-General for External Security
3881:(in 1969); and the other right-wing, the
3799:, appointed by the President to lead the
3608:due to the country's heavy investment in
2738:. About 16,000 people were executed in a
2070:'s conversion to Catholicism in 498, the
2049:regained the southwest from the Visigoths
2035:The first leader to unite all Franks was
1173:and main cultural and commercial centre.
887:
25406:Commission for the Efficiency of Justice
23346:List of Oceanian countries by population
22063:which has sovereignty over Vatican City.
19985:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
19968:
19782:
19446:"Fading stars – Michelin Red Guide"
19323:
19231:Chrisafis, Angelique (23 January 2009).
19093:
19091:
18753:
18683:"Composer-Conductor Pierre Boulez at 85"
18680:
18572:
18455:
17675:
17485:"Nombre de médecins pour 1000 habitants"
17313:
17155:
16861:
16453:
16210:Jean-Louis Brunaux (2008). Seuil (ed.).
15705:. Interface Surgical Technologies, LLC.
14644:"The Global Competitiveness Report 2019"
13497:
12582:
11545:
11421:
11184:
11175:
11095:. Harvard University Press. p. 19.
10156:. Multilingual Matters Ltd. p. 96.
10098:Tarassuk, Leonid; Blair, Claude (1982).
9776:
9591:"Surface water and surface water change"
9570:"État des lieux de la laïcité en France"
9239:does not specify a national emblem. The
8998:
8881:
8770:
8608:
8508:
8374:
8222:'s best-known works are his piano suite
8134:
7868:is best known as the main editor of the
7758:
7513:
7292:
7171:
7109:
6964:
6848:
6766:
6636:origin, with a significant admixture of
6010:
5760:
5620:
5567:, France has pursued a strong policy of
5528:
5136:France's economy is highly diversified;
5061:
4861:
4475:. Since 1904, France has maintained an "
4473:most influential driving force of the EU
4415:
4389:
4375:(COI). It is an associate member of the
3817:
3641:
3475:
3330:
3103:
2962:
2911:
2905:of 1870, and his regime replaced by the
2775:
2623:
2482:
2291:The nobility played a prominent role in
2242:
2061:
1880:
1810:sites from the Neolithic, including the
742:
709:
205:
26295:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie
24853:
19015:La Fin de l'exception culturelle ?
18962:
18538:Pollard, Christopher (26 August 2019).
18537:
18236:
17161:
16879:
16851:"Être né en France d'un parent immigré"
16619:
16590:
16360:The Cambridge Survey of World Migration
16232:; Laurence Méhaignerie (January 2004).
15496:
15469:
14699:
14426:
14034:
13855:
13773:
13761:La fin du service militaire obligatoire
13684:
13682:
13177:. Thetahititraveler.com. Archived from
11626:. Oxford University Press. p. 38.
11613:
11204:
11090:
10981:. Nakedtranslations.com. Archived from
10822:
10725:
10716:
10600:
10366:Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome, p. 325
10198:
9674:
8922:. France has hosted events such as the
6034:), and the second most populous in the
6024:20th most populous country in the world
5540:, the highest percentage in the world.
4980:to be too broad or severe, undermining
4882:. Private law includes, in particular,
4387:(OIF) of 84 French-speaking countries.
4275:Overseas territories and collectivities
3951:(located in Europe and overseas), five
3947:The French Republic is divided into 18
3829:, the lower legislative chamber of the
3717:executive relative to the legislature.
3326:
3308:, France's military efforts to contain
3111:, a hero of World War I, leader of the
3084:occupying Germany (1945–1949/1991) and
2394:Early modern period (15th century–1789)
2329:in the southwest of modern-day France.
1686:is mostly confined to accents with the
1412:high nominal per capita income globally
26479:Member states of the Council of Europe
26436:
20117:Official site of the National Assembly
19878:
19444:Fairburn, Carolyn (29 February 1992).
19324:Ferguson, Priscilla Parkhurst (2006).
19296:
18905:
18733:Musique. December 2010. Archived from
18504:
18105:
17870:
17841:
17663:from the original on 29 September 2021
17641:
17639:
17637:
17622:from the original on 29 September 2021
17555:from the original on 15 September 2011
17259:. Understandfrance.org. Archived from
17202:"Observatoire du patrimoine religieux"
17011:, Éditions Jean-Paul Gisserot, p. 113.
16912:
16885:
16683:
16641:Migration and development co-operation
16533:
16434:
16386:"France's crisis of national identity"
15727:
15632:
15472:"France builds world's tallest bridge"
15279:
15277:
15275:
15244:
15242:
15240:
15221:. International Atomic Energy Agency.
15123:
15121:
15119:
15117:
14863:from the original on 14 January 2010.
14675:Vautherot, Audrey (19 November 2007).
14420:
13884:"Les ventes d'armes explosent en 2009"
13787:from the original on 25 September 2011
13781:"Status of signature and ratification"
13430:Francophonie et diplomatie d'influence
12700:
12698:
12275:. France. Reuters. 10 September 2009.
12244:"Per-Capita Emissions Rising in China"
12241:
12184:"2016 Environmental Performance Index"
11936:
11916:from the original on 22 September 2023
11406:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
10830:. Princeton University Press. p.
10413:
10411:
10064:
7972:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas
7633:. On the military architectural side,
5989:was first done on 27 November 2005 by
5945:, who remain famous for their work on
5581:number of operational nuclear reactors
5460:. With 6 million tourists a year, the
5412:(3.3 million), mostly devoted to
5234:, the world's largest stock exchange.
4890:. Public law includes, in particular,
4705:since 1960. It is a party to both the
4394:88 states and governments are part of
3885:, whose name changed over time to the
3658:network. The left bank is part of the
3270:, in northwest Africa) to permanently
3034:, the government-in-exile led by
2606:is advocated as the primary source of
2024:; the Armorican peninsula was renamed
25755:
25360:
25334:
24980:
24827:
24641:
24367:
24155:
23849:
23298:
22727:
22540:
22103:
21463:
21248:
21203:
20154:
19656:"History of the World Cup Final Draw"
19491:Andy Hayler's 3 Star Restaurant Guide
19233:"Sarkozy pledges €600m to newspapers"
19088:
18597:"Debussy's Musical Game of Deception"
18456:Williams, David Lay (1 August 2012).
18337:from the original on 17 November 2021
18260:
18190:. Humanistictexts.org. Archived from
18008:
17327:from the original on 11 November 2020
17310:Clinical Trials. Paris. February 2003
17289:from the original on 25 December 2018
17283:"Commission d'enquête sur les sectes"
16857:from the original on 3 February 2012.
16830:from the original on 26 November 2023
16800:from the original on 26 December 2020
16484:
16355:
16108:
16085:"World Factbook EUROPE : FRANCE"
15969:
15869:from the original on 2 September 2021
15839:from the original on 2 September 2021
15736:from the original on 18 February 2024
15709:from the original on 18 February 2024
15429:"Country comparison :: roadways"
15369:"Country comparison :: railways"
14922:
14687:from the original on 8 September 2011
14427:Andrews, Edmund L. (1 January 2002).
14289:"GDP, PPP (current international $ )"
14208:"France votes to ban full-face veils"
13979:International Telecommunication Union
13968:Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2018
13909:
13554:
13313:Secretariate of the Pacific Community
13289:from the original on 29 December 2009
12734:
12605:
12552:"The regional nature Parks of France"
12416:"La forêt en France et dans le monde"
12300:"France Abandons Plan for Carbon Tax"
11983:from the original on 14 February 2023
11856:from the original on 20 November 2015
11843:
11832:from the original on 19 November 2015
11293:Crémieux-Brilhac, Jean-Louis (1996).
11241:. London: BBC News. 20 January 2008.
11115:
10856:"Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day"
10668:. St. Martin's Press. pp. 34ff.
10287:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 62.
10131:
10104:. Simon & Schuster. p. 186.
10030:
10028:
10026:
9851:
9849:
9810:
9311:
9302:
9286:data, which exclude lakes, ponds and
9247:for diplomatic and consular purposes.
9216:
9191:
8817:, etc. France is most famous for its
8361:, have reached worldwide popularity.
8056:Medieval philosophy was dominated by
7590:, from 1450 as a first reference the
6980:France is a secular country in which
5841:, founded in the mid-17th century by
5579:, ranking second in the world by the
4984:. France has laws against racism and
4727:submarine-launched ballistic missiles
4707:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
2991:and social reforms introduced by the
2953:Early to mid-20th century (1914–1946)
2862:with new constitutional limitations.
2772:France in the long nineteenth century
2766:Napoleon and 19th century (1799–1914)
2039:, who began his reign as king of the
1917:("Our Province"), which evolved into
1719:
1402:, receiving 100 million foreign
206:France on the globe centred on Europe
23833:United States Minor Outlying Islands
21282:
21204:
20060:Key Development Forecasts for France
19879:Clarey, Christopher (30 June 2001).
19754:
19303:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
18838:
18822:"In Pictures: Chic Cannes Hideaways"
18784:"Cannes International Film Festival"
18519:from the original on 7 December 2023
17811:"History of the painting collection"
17685:Les grandes écoles dans la tourmente
17136:
17050:Qu'est-ce que la Francophonie ?
16622:"For Pieds-Noirs, the Anger Endures"
16466:from the original on 16 January 2021
16454:Richburg, Keith B. (24 April 2005).
16240:The forgotten of equal opportunities
16235:Les oubliés de l'égalité des chances
16039:from the original on 19 January 2021
15809:from the original on 22 October 2023
15780:
15762:from the original on 2 December 2005
15614:from the original on 15 January 2020
15295:from the original on 5 February 2022
15260:from the original on 5 February 2022
15139:from the original on 7 February 2016
15024:from the original on 10 October 2018
14998:from the original on 10 October 2018
14829:from the original on 13 January 2022
14747:from the original on 29 October 2023
14498:
14397:
14188:from the original on 1 November 2008
14179:
14015:from the original on 28 October 2023
13894:from the original on 7 December 2016
13739:Trends in World Military Expenditure
13679:
13536:from the original on 10 October 2017
13498:Lasserre, Isabelle (11 March 2009).
13010:from the original on 24 January 2023
12980:from the original on 24 January 2023
12779:from the original on 12 August 2010.
12298:Saltmarsh, Matthew (23 March 2010).
12133:[Nuclear energy in France].
12106:
11802:from the original on 18 January 2023
11649:. New York: Oxford University Press.
11336:from the original on 21 January 2024
11245:from the original on 28 October 2016
11046:from the original on 17 October 2018
11020:from the original on 24 January 2023
10959:from the original on 24 January 2023
9983:. Discoverfrance.net. Archived from
9961:from the original on 22 October 2014
9955:"Europa Official Site – France"
9825:United Nations Development Programme
9727:from the original on 18 January 2024
9697:from the original on 18 January 2024
9332:
9276:
9273:data, which includes bodies of water
9014:; it was a French aristocrat, Baron
7906:. At the start of the 19th century,
7222:Higher education is divided between
6874: Secondary or cultural language
6195:Largest metropolitan areas in France
5860:was marked by the work of biologist
5648:, and high-speed trains include the
5406:most visited art museum in the world
5361:Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
4348:
3462:overseas departments and territories
3272:settle in France with their families
2807:(1804–1814; 1815). Changing sets of
1980:Early Middle Ages (5th–10th century)
1511:("free"): the latter stems from the
1216:of 843 partitioned the empire, with
1208:, which became the heartland of the
1067:Its overseas regions and territories
1061:, is a country located primarily in
26499:Member states of the United Nations
26484:Member states of the European Union
23811:Australian Indian Ocean Territories
23806:States and territories of Australia
19261:. Landmarks of Radio France company
18819:
18800:
18661:
18458:"Review of Rousseau and Revolution"
18085:. Lonely Planet. 2008. p. 48.
17634:
17521:Where Nobel winners get their start
17115:(official statistics) (in French).
16497:from the original on 27 August 2016
16309:"'Trajectories and Origins' Survey"
16148:from the original on 27 August 2019
15951:from the original on 21 August 2019
15478:from the original on 10 August 2011
15272:
15237:
15169:from the original on 6 January 2024
15114:
14985:
14880:"France learns to speak 'touriste'"
14849:"Key figures of the French economy"
14713:. Ambafrance-us.org. Archived from
14656:from the original on 9 October 2019
14572:from the original on 28 August 2021
14404:World Trade Statistical Review 2019
14149:Niewiarowski, Erik (5 March 2024).
13567:from the original on 26 August 2016
13530:"France ends four-decade Nato rift"
13359:from the original on 22 August 2012
12695:
12514:from the original on 23 August 2004
12348:from the original on 21 August 2019
12279:from the original on 5 October 2022
12181:
12075:
11844:Syeed, Nafeesa (15 November 2015).
11454:Kimmelman, Michael (4 March 2009).
11149:. Greenwood Publishing. p. 6.
11040:"BBC History: Louis XV (1710–1774)"
10940:
10884:
10424:
10408:
9798:from the original on 9 October 2020
9381:
9293:
9263:
8575:According to 2017 data compiled by
7697:designed many bridges, such as the
7559:meaning "French work", was born in
5924:names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower
5036:since 2004. In 2010, it banned the
4335:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
3891:Union of Democrats for the Republic
3472:Geology, topography and hydrography
3137:). France was a founding member of
3126:A new constitution resulted in the
2596:hot air balloon carrying passengers
2295:to restore Christian access to the
1901:) and is one of the best-preserved
1573:In English, 'France' is pronounced
1400:world's leading tourist destination
219:(European part of France) in Europe
13:
25272:Presidency of the Security Council
23341:List of Oceanian countries by area
20141:. Journal, University of Illinois.
20104:– official site of the government
19955:
19921:
19862:"Fédération Française de Football"
19744:Site officiel du 24 heures du Mans
18781:
18540:"Explainer: the ideas of Foucault"
18015:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 86.
17612:"Compare your country – PISA 2018"
17083:from the original on 24 April 2018
17024:. About-france.com. Archived from
16947:from the original on 13 July 2023.
16620:Markham, James M. (6 April 1988).
16572:from the original on 20 March 2019
16534:Astier, Henri (13 February 2014).
16416:Identité Nationale, Amer Ministère
16396:from the original on 20 March 2019
16257:from the original on 21 April 2013
16122:from the original on 10 March 2018
16097:from the original on 16 March 2022
16061:(in French). Insee. Archived from
16013:from the original on 3 August 2017
15921:(in French). Insee. Archived from
15470:Bockman, Chris (4 November 2003).
15189:"Nuclear share figures, 2006–2016"
15080:from the original on 20 March 2019
14957:"The French Riviera Tourist Board"
14882:. Associated Press. Archived from
14347:from the original on 14 March 2023
14180:Roth, Kenneth (26 February 2004).
14051:"Country Ranking - Rainbow Europe"
13770: – La documentation française
13748:SIPRI. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
13641:from the original on 24 March 2021
13315:. 12 February 2010. Archived from
12957:from the original on 18 June 2010.
12827:from the original on 24 April 2022
12426:from the original on 27 July 2010.
12310:from the original on 30 April 2011
12119:from the original on 21 June 2010.
11886:from the original on 22 March 2019
11779:. Associated Press. Archived from
11662:(McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP, 2017).
11645:Referring to Evans, Martin. 2012.
11239:"France's oldest WWI veteran dies"
10578:. Historyworld.net. Archived from
10223:from the original on 19 April 2023
10023:
9846:
9834:from the original on 13 March 2024
9818:"Human Development Report 2023/24"
9597:from the original on 24 March 2021
9250:
9229:
9026:. Paris was the first home of the
8399:Berlin International Film Festival
7851:. Another 16th-century author was
7226:and the prestigious and selective
6815:ancestry. In 2008, France granted
5573:heavy investment in nuclear energy
5218:The Paris stock exchange (French:
4785:One French intelligence unit, the
4488:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
4379:(ACS) and a leading member of the
3943:Administrative divisions of France
3143:regain control of French Indochina
2356:would last a hundred years, until
2190:, Charlemagne tried to revive the
2094:The Franks embraced the Christian
1456:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
503:President of the National Assembly
254: (green & dark grey)
14:
26525:
25741:Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
23876:Countries and territories of the
20180:
19932:
19689:. Associated Press. 11 April 2003
19071:Kelly, 181. DeJean, chapters 2–4.
18954:. Whatsonwhen.com. Archived from
18906:Riding, Alan (28 February 1995).
18573:Huizenga, Tom (14 October 2005).
18421:. Oxford University Press. pp. 40
18382:. 22 January 2019. Archived from
17965:
17714:from the original on 16 July 2009
17503:"Dépenses de santé par habitants"
17465:from the original on 30 July 2016
17439:from the original on 29 June 2011
17422:The World Health Report 2000: WHO
17204:. 1 February 2012. Archived from
17137:Wolf, John Baptiste Wolf (1962).
16974:from the original on 17 July 2016
16886:Borrel, Catherine (August 2006).
16736:American Journal of Public Health
16711:from the original on 14 June 2007
16542:from the original on 3 March 2024
16184:
15895:. 28 October 2013. Archived from
15756:"Woman has first face transplant"
15728:Austin, Naomi (17 October 2006).
15527:
15409:from the original on 16 July 2012
14878:Dilorenzo, Sarah (18 July 2013).
14799:from the original on 4 April 2023
14602:from the original on 14 June 2015
14539:from the original on 13 June 2018
14469:from the original on 14 June 2015
14161:from the original on 5 March 2024
14087:from the original on 25 July 2019
13929:from the original on 1 March 2024
13856:Gadault, Thierry (13 June 2002).
13667:from the original on 23 June 2018
13510:from the original on 2 March 2017
13070:from the original on 14 June 2015
13040:from the original on 12 June 2023
12857:from the original on 19 June 2023
12716:from the original on 14 June 2015
12585:Sustainable communities in Europe
12080:. In Cleveland, Cutler J. (ed.).
11747:
11213:. Yale University Press. p.
10430:Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 76–77
9883:R.R. Palmer; Joel Colton (1978).
9856:Hargreaves, Alan G., ed. (2005).
9550:from the original on 26 June 2019
9518:from the original on 7 April 2024
9325:). For further information, view
7264:have been criticised for alleged
7139:spent by countries in Europe but
6946:and carried out in France by the
6691:A 2008 poll conducted jointly by
5993:. France ranked 11th in the 2023
5575:. It is one of 32 countries with
5487:Les Plus Beaux Villages de France
5475:France has 52 sites inscribed in
4847:system). Basic principles of the
4680:largest armed forces in the world
3578:just after Bordeaux, forming the
2648:in 1799 and the formation of the
2600:voyages of scientific exploration
2404:France in the early modern period
2018:Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
1866:and his troops made their way to
108:("Liberty, Equality, Fraternity")
26380:
26379:
25881:Democratic Republic of the Congo
25315:
25314:
24451:
24336:
23823:Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)
23818:Territories of the United States
23542:
23276:
23265:
23264:
23072:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
23049:
22830:Democratic Republic of the Congo
22683:
22516:
22359:
22258:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
22081:
22070:
22069:
21764:
21436:
21425:
21416:
21404:
21390:
21381:
21372:
21363:
21354:
21347:
21332:
21318:
21309:
21298:
21287:
20130:Contemporary French Civilization
20044:
20034:
19967:
19905:
19872:
19854:
19832:
19813:
19799:
19748:
19726:
19692:
19680:
19648:
19622:
19617:Les licences sportives en France
19607:
19581:
19555:
19534:
19509:
19479:
19458:
19437:
19419:
19397:
19367:
19344:
19317:
19290:
19251:
19224:
19204:
19186:
19164:
19142:
19124:
19106:
19074:
19065:
19041:
19029:
19007:
18944:
18918:
18884:
18851:
18832:
18813:
18794:
18775:
18715:
18697:
18674:
18655:
18633:
18611:
18589:
18566:
18557:
18531:
18498:
18472:
18449:
18424:
18411:
18398:
18372:
18282:
18206:
18180:
18137:
18118:
18099:
18073:
18051:
18029:
18002:
17985:
17959:
17934:
17918:. Justfrance.org. Archived from
17908:
17864:
17825:
17803:
17791:
17768:
17749:
17726:
17700:
17604:
17589:
17567:
17537:
17513:
17495:
17477:
17451:
17425:
17416:
17358:
17339:
17301:
17275:
17249:
17237:
17194:
17184:
17170:
17130:
17065:
17040:
17014:
17001:
16986:
16929:
16906:
16842:
16812:
16780:
16723:
16661:
16632:
16613:
16584:
16554:
16527:
16509:
16485:Sachs, Susan (12 January 2007).
16478:
16447:
16428:
16408:
16378:
16301:
16289:from the original on 26 May 2018
16269:
16222:
16203:
16178:
16160:
16134:
16077:
16051:
15999:
15963:
15937:
15911:
15881:
15851:
15821:
15774:
15748:
15721:
15650:
15641:
15626:
15596:
15566:
15548:
15536:from the original on 1 June 2021
15521:
15509:from the original on 2 June 2021
15490:
15463:
15451:
15421:
15391:
15361:
15325:
15225:from the original on 1 July 2018
15207:
15181:
15151:
15092:
15062:
15050:from the original on 8 July 2021
15036:
15010:
14979:
14949:
14916:
14898:
14871:
14841:
14811:
14781:
14729:
14668:
14636:
14614:
14584:
14521:
14481:
14451:
14374:
14359:
14329:
14307:
14295:from the original on 4 July 2015
14258:
14222:
14200:
14173:
14142:
14127:
14099:
14073:
14061:from the original on 21 May 2019
14043:
14027:
13997:
13983:
13961:
13941:
13876:
13849:
13823:
13799:
13751:
13732:
13653:
13623:
13597:
13579:
13555:Roger, Patrick (11 March 2009).
13548:
13522:
13491:
13472:
13450:
13422:
13397:
13371:
13345:
13333:[IOC member countries].
13323:
13301:
13271:
13241:
13223:
13193:
13167:
13108:
13082:
13052:
13022:
12992:
12961:
12943:
12913:
12891:
12869:
12839:
12809:
12783:
12765:
12728:
12665:
12635:
12576:
12544:
12526:
12496:
12408:
12390:
12360:
12322:
12291:
12261:
12235:
12208:
12175:
12145:
12123:
12100:
11647:Algeria: France's Undeclared War
11601:from the original on 18 May 2024
11466:from the original on 23 May 2023
11442:from the original on 18 May 2024
11163:from the original on 18 May 2024
11004:Vernon Valentine Palmer (1996).
10905:from the original on 18 May 2024
10682:from the original on 18 May 2024
10633:from the original on 18 May 2024
10357:Polybius, The Histories, 2.18.19
10339:from the original on 12 May 2024
10134:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
10046:from the original on 15 May 2024
9640:
9446:
9154:
9140:
8539:) dates largely to the reign of
8272:contributed to the evolution of
7254:École nationale d'administration
6613:
6260:
6250:
6015:Population density in France by
5851:national scientific institutions
5845:to encourage and protect French
5753:Science and technology in France
5317:
5297:
5279:
5226:, which in 2007 merged with the
4711:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
4606:
4584:
4564:
3981:
3836:The legislature consists of the
3751:
3729:
3672:Forest Landscape Integrity Index
3606:19th by carbon dioxide emissions
3596:Regional natural parks of France
3592:List of national parks of France
2959:History of France (1900–present)
2750:. Four years later in 1799, the
2614:Revolutionary France (1789–1799)
2460:cost France 300,000 casualties.
2278:hierarchically conceived society
2112:his capital and established the
2057:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
1779:era, and its inhabitants became
1742:era but were slowly replaced by
1674:
1641:
1608:
1575:
1480:Originally applied to the whole
1289:Declaration of the Rights of Man
1192:in 51 BC, leading to a distinct
911:
886:
864:
863:
845:
844:
812:
811:
793:
792:
741:
708:
189:
124:
78:
64:
24004:States with limited recognition
20095:– official French tourism site
20086:
19563:"Union Cycliste Internationale"
19330:. University of Chicago Press.
19153:Presse Magazine – Synthèse
18890:
18681:Schwartz, Lloyd (24 May 2010).
18432:"VOLTAIRE - University of Kent"
18406:A History of Western Philosophy
18290:"All-Time 100 Best Novels List"
17832:The top 10 museums in the world
15497:Damiani, Anne (15 April 2021).
14439:from the original on 1 May 2011
14394:(latest Update: September 2020)
13922:French Ministry of the Interior
12793:. 13 March 2013. Archived from
12131:"L'énergie nucléaire en France"
12069:
12039:
12029:"Protection of the Environment"
12021:
11995:
11965:
11898:
11868:
11814:
11768:
11741:
11728:
11691:
11665:
11652:
11531:"From Fourth to Fifth Republic"
11523:
11478:
11367:
11311:
11297:(in French). Paris: Gallimard.
11286:
11257:
11231:
11136:
11109:
11083:
11032:
10997:
10930:
10917:
10891:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
10888:Tudors: The Illustrated History
10878:
10866:from the original on 4 May 2015
10848:
10803:The French peasantry, 1450–1660
10791:
10737:
10694:
10594:
10568:
10542:
10485:
10472:
10459:
10446:
10433:
10395:
10369:
10360:
10351:
10321:
10308:
10248:
10235:
10192:
10125:
10091:
10058:
9999:
9973:
9931:
9876:
9709:
9652:
9469:The 2020 survey of religion by
9340:French telephone numbering plan
9206:
9182:
9028:International Olympic Committee
8393:" film festivals alongside the
7837:, who wrote five popular early
7679:Haussmann's renovation of Paris
7503:
7130:largely financed by government
6079:
6000:
5833:; both were key figures of the
5556:'s electricity, primarily from
5432:(3 million), dedicated to
5347:world's top tourist destination
5087:sizeable government involvement
4725:class submarines equipped with
4377:Association of Caribbean States
3809:June 2022 legislative elections
3618:Environmental Performance Index
3550:, and wide sandy plains in the
3099:
3090:United Nations Security Council
3078:purge collaborators from office
2983:emerged victorious against the
2848:died during the Napoleonic Wars
2844:uprising of European monarchies
2584:independence from Great Britain
2098:, and ancient Gaul was renamed
1972:settling in the southwest, the
1968:tribes invaded the region, the
1814:site (approximately 3,300 BC).
1712:For a chronological guide, see
1532:borrowing of the reconstructed
1507:is related to the English word
1264:. France was successful in the
760:122/km (316.0/sq mi) (
26321:International Francophonie Day
25282:Reform of the Security Council
20512:Government of National Defense
19257:Radio France, "L'entreprise",
18767:. 22 June 2009. Archived from
18705:"100人の偉大なアーティスト - No. 62"
17813:. Musee-orsay.fr. 31 July 2007
16970:(in French). 2 December 2014.
16913:Swalec, Andrea (6 July 2010).
16364:. Cambridge University Press.
15829:"Global Innovation Index 2019"
15758:. BBC News. 30 November 2005.
15322:. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
14819:"Topic: Agriculture in France"
14230:"L'image de l'islam en France"
14214:. 13 July 2010. Archived from
13958:, 13 November 2019, Securworld
13890:(in French). 8 February 2010.
13419:, retrieved on 26 January 2020
12968:Romain Brunet (29 June 2020).
12739:. Palgrave Macmillan. p.
12107:Remy, Morgane (18 June 2010).
10609:American Philosophical Society
10069:. Belknap Press. p. 425.
9862:. Lexington Books. p. 1.
9827:. 13 March 2024. p. 288.
9583:
9562:
9530:
9504:
9491:
9126:; it takes part in the annual
8938:. The country also hosted the
7665:represent the best example of
7141:less than in the United States
6992:separation of church and state
6783:encampment in the vicinity of
6745:
5825:became famous for his work on
5534:Belleville Nuclear Power Plant
5040:; human rights groups such as
3585:
3283:1995 public transport bombings
3149:in 1954. France faced another
2989:intense international tensions
2709:insurrection of 10 August 1792
2707:in April 1792 resulted in the
2524:most populous European country
2502:'s minority, trouble known as
1929:in 52 BC. Gaul was divided by
912:
1:
26454:1792 establishments in Europe
26449:1792 establishments in France
25401:Commissioner for Human Rights
25026:Charter of the United Nations
22025:country of the United Kingdom
21405:
21333:
20421:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
20416:War of the Spanish Succession
19796: – World Atlas of Travel
19755:Hill, Christopher R. (1996).
19381:. 17 May 2008. Archived from
18711:(in Japanese). 21 April 2003.
18619:"Biography of Claude Debussy"
18505:Norman, Max (11 April 2021).
18106:Seckel, Henri (8 July 2008).
18059:"Official site of the UNESCO"
17972:loirevalley-worldheritage.org
17178:"Christian Majesty, His Most"
16568:. New York. 4 November 2005.
16491:The Christian Science Monitor
15730:"My face transplant saved me"
15250:"Topic: Hydropower in France"
13447:2010/4 (n° 55), pages 39 à 56
13233:. 6 July 2010. Archived from
12583:Lafferty, William M. (2001).
12242:Kanter, James (1 July 2010).
12182:Hsu, A.; et al. (2016).
11798:. BBC News. 12 January 2015.
11555:. Springer. 2009. p. 75.
10257:The Cambridge ancient history
10036:"Origin and meaning of Frank"
9887:A History of the Modern World
9484:
9271:National Geographic Institute
7549:like most of Western Europe.
7496:, which moved in 1976 to the
7351:French artists developed the
6868: Administrative language
5872:, who discovered the role of
5213:Global Competitiveness Report
4694:. There has been no national
4664:Armée de l'Air et de l’Espace
4576:Armée de l'Air et de l'Espace
3877:, which was succeeded by the
3720:
3546:, coastal cliffs such as the
3535:, located in the Alps on the
3302:Madrid train bombings in 2004
3204:nuclear development programme
2860:Bourbon monarchy was restored
2676:, which was converted into a
2317:("Frankish language") of the
1870:, defeated the Romans in the
1765:
1450:, as well as a member of the
25277:Chapter VI of the UN Charter
24673:Group of Eight + Five (G8+5)
24396:European Economic Area (EEA)
23772:British Overseas Territories
22504:United States Virgin Islands
21364:
21348:
20122:
20069:
19886:International Herald Tribune
19822: – Tourism in Lausanne
18803:"They'll Always Have Cannes"
18641:"Biography of Maurice Ravel"
17852:Sites touristiques en France
17323:. Who.int. 8 December 2010.
17246:, Sam Jordison, 2006, p. 166
16562:"Paris Riots in Perspective"
16418:, L'Harmattan, 2010, p. 112
16392:. London. 25 November 2009.
16311:. Ined. 2008. Archived from
15556:"Strikes block French ports"
13587:"L'empire colonial français"
13331:"Les pays membres de la COI"
13175:"Currency and Exchange Rate"
11561:Encyclopedia of Human Rights
11143:Thackeray, Frank W. (1996).
10009:American Heritage Dictionary
9620:"Field Listing :: Area"
9441:Catalan-speaking territories
8605:Telecommunications in France
8581:Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessey
8274:contemporary classical music
7878:. During that same century,
7861:, started a literary genre.
7805:Duke William IX of Aquitaine
7693:. In the late 19th century,
7494:Musée National d'Art Moderne
7161:
7152:affections de longues durées
6974:Kings of France were crowned
5997:, compared to 16th in 2019.
5610:
5477:UNESCO's World Heritage List
3899:Union for a Popular Movement
3315:
3018:. France was divided into a
3012:invaded and quickly defeated
2544:(r. 1715–1774), France lost
1469:
704:• January 2024 estimate
679:• Metropolitan France (
241:its exclusive economic zones
102:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
7:
26077:French Community of Belgium
25088:Counter-Terrorism Committee
23603:Ashmore and Cartier Islands
20049:Geographic data related to
19736:(in French). Archived from
19173:Observatoire de la Presse,
19151:Observatoire de la Presse,
19038: – Ministry of Culture
18801:Lim, Dennis (15 May 2012).
18404:Russell, Bertrand (2004) .
18134: – NCI Business Center
18110:. MYTF1News. Archived from
17879:. Oxford University Press.
17616:www2.compareyourcountry.org
17398:"WHO country facts: France"
16826:(in French). 16 June 2023.
16439:. Afrik.com. Archived from
15635:"Lives of the Necromancers"
14923:Rubin, Judith, ed. (2009).
14767:"France – Agriculture"
14037:Mondoperaio Edizione Online
13864:(in French). Archived from
13532:. BBC News. 12 March 2009.
13379:"84 États et gouvernements"
13337:(in French). Archived from
12053:. July 2011. Archived from
11675:. Elysee.fr. Archived from
10284:A history of ancient Greece
10040:Online Etymology Dictionary
9762:International Monetary Fund
9133:
8952:2019 FIFA Women's World Cup
8890:is the most prestigious of
8487:As part of its advocacy of
8225:Trois mouvements perpétuels
7946:The Hunchback of Notre Dame
7617:has many Baroque features.
7383:defined the style known as
7379:and the highly influential
7248:for social studies and the
6954:
6830:
6731:. France has a significant
6681:French Constitution of 1958
5630:tallest bridge in the world
5462:castles of the Loire Valley
5383:Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg
5215:(up two places from 2018).
4943:contraires aux bonnes mœurs
4549:
4442:international organisations
4400:, which promotes values of
4355:Foreign relations of France
4291:Overseas territory (France)
4234:vehicle registration plates
3959:, one special collectivity—
3919:Europe Ecology – The Greens
3825:, the meeting place of the
3693:
3480:Geological formations near
3298:November 2015 Paris attacks
3292:in 2015 which provoked the
2529:revoked the Edict of Nantes
2414:official language of France
2332:From the 11th century, the
1396:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
1307:which was succeeded by the
1244:saw culture flourish and a
1240:. In the 16th century, the
1081:in the North Atlantic, the
10:
26530:
25726:Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)
24617:
24347:
23787:Overseas country of France
22289:San Andrés and Providencia
22131:Countries and dependencies
21873:British Overseas Territory
21491:Countries and dependencies
20902:French subdivisions by GDP
20649:2022 presidential election
20634:2017 presidential election
19925:
19210:French government portal,
18037:"Fortifications of Vauban"
17285:. Assemblee-nationale.fr.
16033:"Bilan démographique 2020"
16007:"Bilan démographique 2016"
15680:10.1016/j.trim.2007.03.002
14083:. France 24. 18 May 2013.
13458:"Embassies and consulates"
12921:"The senatorial elections"
12464:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3
12078:"Energy profile of France"
12076:Eia (10 September 2010) .
11581:Elizabeth Schmidt (2013).
11428:. Routledge. p. 131.
10601:Babbitt, Susan M. (1985).
10495:. Wf-f.org. Archived from
10383:. 13 July 1953. p. 77
9917:World Tourism Organization
9218:[ʁepyblikfʁɑ̃sɛːz]
8940:1960 European Nations' Cup
8875:
8764:
8760:
8602:
8502:
8498:
8368:
8128:
8080:. Descartes was the first
7855:, whose most famous work,
7748:
7641:After the Revolution, the
7507:
7286:
7275:
7271:
7165:
7154:) such as cancer, AIDS or
7116:Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
7103:
6958:
6834:
6749:
6617:
6398:Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
6364:Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
6348:Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
6249:
6164:
6083:
6004:
5981:by French surgeons led by
5910:laying the foundations of
5849:, was one of the earliest
5839:French Academy of Sciences
5750:
5614:
5550:electric utility companies
5522:
5268:
5264:
5209:Bloomberg Innovation Index
5055:
5051:
4978:hate speech laws in France
4925:France does not recognise
4828:
4803:cybersecurity capabilities
4660:French Air and Space Force
4553:
4486:France is a member of the
4352:
4284:
4278:
3974:
3970:
3940:
3887:Rally of the French People
3805:2022 presidential election
3710:semi-presidential republic
3697:
3589:
3319:
3250:in 1992, establishing the
3145:, but was defeated by the
2956:
2873:; French troops began the
2769:
2736:Committee of Public Safety
2617:
2492:absolute monarch of France
2490:, the "Sun King", was the
2397:
2236:
1997:
1983:
1821:
1794:, initially working gold,
1723:
1714:Timeline of French history
1711:
1705:
1701:
1473:
1303:until the founding of the
1163:semi-presidential republic
573:Kingdom of the West Franks
445:semi-presidential republic
18:
26375:
26354:
26303:
26277:
26257:
26131:
26095:
26070:National/regional members
26069:
25798:
25789:
25718:
25672:
25429:
25368:
25310:
25259:
25217:
25179:
25141:
25132:
25106:
25068:
25018:
24861:
24785:
24747:
24731:
24679:
24615:
24460:
24449:
24402:
24345:
24334:
24193:
24071:
24025:
24002:
23884:
23767:
23700:
23682:
23664:
23631:
23593:
23576:
23551:
23540:
23444:
23363:
23354:
23336:
23326:Countries and territories
23260:
23240:
23209:
23188:
23167:
23146:
23135:
23119:
23103:
23090:
23058:
23047:
22765:
22755:Countries and territories
22692:
22681:
22656:
22585:
22574:
22512:
22491:
22450:
22424:
22393:
22377:
22368:
22357:
22276:
22150:
22141:
22042:
21998:
21973:
21948:
21935:
21882:
21858:
21851:
21828:
21815:
21773:
21762:
21501:
21280:
21275:Places adjacent to France
21210:
21163:
21053:
20963:
20954:
20850:
20841:
20743:
20734:
20672:
20663:
20584:
20465:
20434:
20406:Second Hundred Years' War
20357:
20310:
20277:
20256:
20248:Liberalism and radicalism
20200:
20191:
20040:Wikimedia Atlas of France
19820:Lausanne, olympic capital
19180:29 September 2010 at the
19158:29 September 2010 at the
18723:"Biography of Noir Désir"
18310:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
18146:Sixteenth Century Journal
17871:Brodie, Allan M. (2003).
17400:. Who.int. Archived from
15889:"Global Innovation Index"
15781:WIPO (12 December 2023).
14626:24 September 2021 at the
14510:19 September 2020 at the
13871:behind the USA and Russia
13698: – France Diplomatie
13090:"La réforme territoriale"
12749:10.1007/978-0-230-36688-6
12157:epi.envirocenter.yale.edu
12051:World Nuclear Association
12047:"Nuclear Power in France"
11977:The Sydney Morning Herald
11559:David P Forsythe (2009).
11422:Macqueen, Norrie (2014).
10913:– via Google Books.
10202:A Brief History of France
10136:(3rd ed.). Longman.
9910:"World Tourism Barometer"
9364:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
9091:national rugby union team
8871:
8364:
8244:and orchestra, the opera
8016:The Charterhouse of Parma
7962:The Count of Monte-Cristo
7745:Literature and philosophy
7136:World Health Organization
7132:national health insurance
7124:French health care system
7099:
7086:Order of the Solar Temple
6929:
6703:(5 million), followed by
6066:12th highest in the world
6043:natural population growth
5725:Charles de Gaulle Airport
5518:
5359:
5170:foreign direct investment
5117:, with membership in the
5075:central business district
4634:President of the Republic
4626:The French Armed Forces (
4540:French Development Agency
4381:
4313:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4269:municipal arrondissements
3980:
3777:President of the Republic
3523:in the southwest and the
3515:ranges and the island of
3453:in the south-central and
3246:, notably by signing the
2879:French Revolution of 1848
2817:battles of Jena-Auerstadt
2813:wars on Napoleon's empire
2789:vast empire across Europe
2705:French Revolutionary Wars
2690:Catholic Church in France
2688:, state control over the
2478:transatlantic slave trade
2444:. The wars were ended by
2239:France in the Middle Ages
2004:France in the Middle Ages
1958:converted to Christianity
1738:occupied the region into
1343:, but it surrendered and
1281:
1159:eighteen integral regions
1079:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1040:
1028:
1016:
1004:
980:
962:
931:
901:
876:
857:
838:
824:
805:
786:
768:
754:
735:
721:
702:
695:
677:
655:
645:
631:
624:
620:
607:Current constitution
603:
586:
569:
565:
558:
543:
528:
518:
514:
499:
484:
469:
454:
450:
437:
425:
355:
351:
325:
311:
267:
197:
182:
113:
100:
94:
60:
38:
29:Lafrance (disambiguation)
16:Country in Western Europe
25866:Central African Republic
25098:Military Staff Committee
25083:Peacebuilding Commission
23750:Northern Mariana Islands
22815:Central African Republic
22523:North America portal
22483:Turks and Caicos Islands
20677:Administrative divisions
18214:"Le Symbolisme français"
17944:Histoire et Architecture
17708:"Guide to Impressionism"
17526:15 February 2021 at the
16748:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301136
16698:UNHCR Global Report 2005
16536:"France's unwanted Roma"
16212:Nos ancêtres les Gaulois
15633:Godwin, William (1876).
15104:25 February 2021 at the
14494:. p. National, 1.A.
14415:World Trade Organization
14386:19 February 2021 at the
14291:. The World Bank Group.
13283:World Trade Organization
12643:"Découvrir les 54 Parcs"
12613:"Regional Natural Parks"
11535:University of Sunderland
10979:"Language and Diplomacy"
10947:Cécil Vidal (May 2021).
10799:Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel
10731:France: A Modern History
10207:Little, Brown Book Group
9891:(5th ed.). p.
9175:
9128:Six Nations Championship
9042:both in Paris and three
8598:
8247:Dialogues des Carmélites
8157:Michel-Richard Delalande
8149:Marc-Antoine Charpentier
8124:
8045:Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
7735:Christian de Portzamparc
7457:and the Spanish painter
7180:produces among the most
6086:Functional area (France)
5714:greenhouse gas emissions
5644:. It is operated by the
5446:Walt Disney Studios Park
5123:industrialised countries
5026:except in Alsace-Moselle
4951:trouble à l'ordre public
4750:Super Étendard Modernisé
4703:recognised nuclear state
4674:), which serves as both
4629:Forces armées françaises
4596:aircraft carrier of the
4365:World Trade Organization
3937:Administrative divisions
3911:La République En Marche!
3706:representative democracy
3600:Climate change in France
3574:. The Garonne meets the
3361:. It is bordered by the
3260:received many immigrants
3254:in 1999 and signing the
3074:wage war against Germany
3038:, was set up in London.
2993:Popular Front government
2883:Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
2682:Storming of the Bastille
2630:Storming of the Bastille
2552:after its defeat in the
2145:Umayyad invasion of Gaul
1606:in American English and
1426:, being one of the five
1327:. France was one of the
229:France and its neighbors
26326:Jeux de la Francophonie
25736:Saar (assoc. 1950–1956)
25386:Parliamentary Assembly
25381:Committee of Ministers
23613:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
22416:St. Pierre and Miquelon
22029:British-Irish Agreement
20897:Franc (former currency)
20502:Coup of 2 December 1851
20475:Long nineteenth century
19734:"Une course légendaire"
19521:www.regionguadeloupe.fr
19297:Trubek, Amy B. (2000).
19118:Encyclopædia Britannica
18980:Horizons philosophiques
18417:Kenny, Anthony (2006).
18361:18 October 2014 at the
18268:"Victor Hugo 1802–1885"
17966:Loire, Mission Val de.
17784:10 October 2017 at the
17779:Vlaminck, version fauve
17762:5 November 2010 at the
17742:10 October 2017 at the
17549:Encyclopædia Britannica
17119:(INSEE). Archived from
17007:Abalain, Hervé, (2007)
16216:Our ancestors the Gauls
16170:. Insee. Archived from
15947:. European Commission.
14789:"Country Memo – France"
14596:Encyclopedia Britannica
14463:Encyclopedia Britannica
14314:Country profile: France
13409:28 October 2019 at the
13404:La Francophonie en bref
13279:"Members and Observers"
13116:"Departments of France"
13064:Encyclopedia Britannica
12710:Encyclopedia Britannica
11955:"Europe :: France"
11736:International Migration
11194:. Vol. 48. London.
11091:Livesey, James (2001).
10860:Encyclopædia Britannica
10281:Claude Orrieux (1999).
10132:Wells, John C. (2008).
9660:"France Métropolitaine"
8060:until the emergence of
7547:Romanesque architecture
7498:Centre Georges Pompidou
7381:Académie des Beaux-Arts
7326:School of Fontainebleau
7236:for political studies,
7046:Fille aînée de l'Église
5995:Global Innovation Index
5809:to much of Europe. The
5692:. France possesses the
5430:Centre Georges Pompidou
5253:its total land area is
5228:New York stock exchange
5103:purchasing power parity
4947:disturbing public order
4503:former African colonies
4373:Indian Ocean Commission
4297:overseas collectivities
3953:overseas collectivities
3708:organised as a unitary
3466:exclusive economic zone
3216:Franco-German relations
3024:Italian occupation zone
2642:Estates General of 1789
2430:French Wars of Religion
2000:List of French monarchs
1560:
1541:
1516:
1254:French Wars of Religion
488:President of the Senate
25:France (disambiguation)
26316:UN French Language Day
26149:Bosnia and Herzegovina
25469:Bosnia and Herzegovina
25287:Security Council mural
25114:United Nations Command
23904:Bosnia and Herzegovina
23462:Juan Fernández Islands
22468:British Virgin Islands
21865:(Sovereign Base Areas)
21546:Bosnia and Herzegovina
20917:Science and technology
20574:Provisional Government
20543:
20522:
20382:
20137:27 August 2007 at the
20081:OECD France statistics
19963:
19939:Listen to this article
19928:Bibliography of France
19826:6 October 2007 at the
17799:From station to museum
17351:5 January 2010 at the
14741:companiesmarketcap.com
14366:Country profil: France
14319:1 October 2020 at the
14184:. Human Rights Watch.
13833:. Yale. Archived from
12899:"Election of deputies"
11961:. CIA. 3 January 2018.
11738:(2006) 44#2 pp. 23–34.
11116:Fehér, Ferenc (1990).
10927:(McFarland, 2017) p.40
10702:"Massacre of the Pure"
9919:. May 2024. p. 19
9666:. 2011. Archived from
9499:Constitution of France
9237:Constitution of France
9213:
9087:national football team
9007:
8895:
8886:Starting in 1903, the
8779:
8623:
8545:
8536:
8521:
8401:
8143:
8029:Louis-Ferdinand Céline
7771:
7663:Sainte Marie-Madeleine
7619:Jules Hardouin Mansart
7569:Notre-Dame de Chartres
7526:
7305:
7282:
7189:
7119:
7054:Most Christian Majesty
6977:
6876:
6788:
6713:European ethnic groups
6672:in the northeast, and
6660:elements in the west,
6019:
6007:Demographics of France
5782:
5769:, which conceived the
5747:Science and technology
5633:
5541:
5485:
5219:
5207:countries in the 2020
5183:Under the doctrine of
5161:European single market
5078:
5069:was in 2017 ranked by
4871:
4824:
4774:aircraft carrier, the
4737:air-to-ground missiles
4642:
4628:
4525:Northern Mali conflict
4434:third-largest assembly
4429:
4413:
3895:Rally for the Republic
3833:
3768:since 5 September 2024
3683:
3666:
3484:
3449:in the southeast, the
3401:in the southeast, and
3369:in the northwest, the
3354:
3294:largest public rallies
3240:economies in the world
3123:
3053:. On 6 June 1944, the
3020:German occupation zone
2972:
2947:officially established
2920:
2918:French colonial empire
2792:
2721:Louis XVI was executed
2713:monarchy was abolished
2686:abolition of feudalism
2637:
2495:
2426:French colonial empire
2259:
2184:historical association
2130:last Merovingian kings
2091:
1911:
1906:
1806:. France has numerous
1786:After demographic and
1771:BC. At the end of the
1692:Received Pronunciation
1493:
1363:was formed in 1958 by
1349:its liberation in 1944
1341:Allies of World War II
1305:French Second Republic
1279:of 1789 overthrew the
1246:French colonial empire
1204:formed the Kingdom of
1171:country's largest city
1085:, and many islands in
849:$ 3.130 trillion (
797:$ 3.988 trillion (
44:
23:. For other uses, see
26474:Member states of NATO
26026:São Tomé and Príncipe
25886:Republic of the Congo
25396:Court of Human Rights
25292:Arria formula meeting
24350:Potential enlargement
24036:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
24029:and other territories
23782:Overseas collectivity
22976:São Tomé and Príncipe
22835:Republic of the Congo
22313:Caribbean Netherlands
22248:Saint Kitts and Nevis
21892:Bailiwick of Guernsey
21863:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
20064:International Futures
20015:UCB Libraries GovPubs
19962:
19840:"Deaflympics lowdown"
19013:Joëlle Farchy (1999)
18865:(20 September 2018).
18039:. UNESCO. 8 July 2008
18009:Hills, Helen (2003).
17850:Ministry of Tourism,
17690:15 April 2016 at the
17582:29 April 2011 at the
17208:on 26 November 2013.
16356:Cohen, Robin (1995).
16174:on 27 September 2013.
15435:. CIA. Archived from
15375:. CIA. Archived from
15020:. CNN. 12 July 2017.
14212:Amnesty International
13954:15 April 2021 at the
13766:8 August 2010 at the
13207:. CIA. Archived from
12735:Drake, Helen (2011).
12587:. Earthscan. p.
12444:Nature Communications
12082:Encyclopedia of Earth
11850:The Irish Independent
11488:International Affairs
11205:Kiernan, Ben (2007).
10885:Rex, Richard (2014).
9626:. CIA. Archived from
9512:"THE LICTOR'S FASCES"
9099:French tricolour flag
9030:, before it moved to
9002:
8885:
8774:
8698:Le Nouvel Observateur
8612:
8512:
8378:
8138:
8091:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
8010:The Red and the Black
7843:Marguerite de Navarre
7770:writer and politician
7762:
7691:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
7600:Château de Chenonceau
7592:Château de Montsoreau
7517:
7365:Jean-Honoré Fragonard
7296:
7211:, coordinated by the
7175:
7128:universal health care
7113:
6968:
6862: Native language
6852:
6770:
6752:Immigration to France
6014:
5971:Jean-Michel Dubernard
5896:Industrial Revolution
5866:ecological succession
5835:Scientific Revolution
5767:European Space Agency
5764:
5624:
5546:Électricité de France
5532:
5523:Further information:
5355:Château de Versailles
5099:world's ninth-largest
5083:social market economy
5065:
5042:Amnesty International
4865:
4672:Gendarmerie nationale
4419:
4393:
4287:Overseas collectivity
4285:Further information:
3977:Departments of France
3975:Further information:
3821:
3684:parc naturel régional
3645:
3479:
3334:
3177:Algerian independence
3175:in 1962 which led to
3107:
3060:, and in August they
2966:
2915:
2785:Emperor of the French
2779:
2717:French First Republic
2694:declaration of rights
2644:, and ended with the
2627:
2594:(1778) and the first
2510:as a reaction to the
2486:
2376:Edward III of England
2364:to the Plantagenets.
2246:
2227:William the Conqueror
2065:
1884:
1740:the Upper Paleolithic
1730:The oldest traces of
1337:it emerged victorious
1321:Third French Republic
1190:Rome annexed the area
647:• Water (%)
611:French Fifth Republic
594:French First Republic
315:and national language
26123:United Arab Emirates
23794:Realm of New Zealand
22345:Federal Dependencies
20722:World Heritage Sites
20639:Coronavirus pandemic
19994:More spoken articles
19357:Agence France-Presse
19217:25 June 2010 at the
19003:on 13 December 2014.
18932:on 12 September 2016
18839:Larousse, Éditions.
18771:on 22 December 2010.
18130:29 July 2010 at the
17953:17 July 2016 at the
17757:The Fauves (dossier)
17710:. National Gallery.
17601:. Assemblé Nationale
17509:on 12 December 2009.
17461:(in French). Insee.
17435:(in French). Insee.
17263:on 16 September 2009
17055:23 June 2011 at the
16435:Gbadamassi, Falila.
16118:(in French). Insee.
16035:(in French). Insee.
16009:(in French). Insee.
15981:Gapminder Foundation
14912:on 24 December 2007.
14771:Nations Encyclopedia
14533:www.banque-france.fr
14491:St. Petersburg Times
14409:30 June 2022 at the
14343:. 25 February 2020.
14341:World Economic Forum
14270:18 July 2020 at the
14182:"Human Rights Watch"
14114:on 22 September 2013
13837:on 20 September 2011
13817:25 July 2011 at the
13744:8 March 2020 at the
13694:22 July 2010 at the
13563:(in French). Paris.
13468:on 8 September 2010.
13428:Anne Gazeau-Secret,
13267:on 20 November 2015.
11912:. 14 December 2015.
11882:. 19 November 2015.
11828:. 14 November 2015.
11010:Louisiana Law Review
10923:Michael Clodfelter,
9514:. 15 December 2022.
9214:République française
9076:Eugène Rubens-Alcais
9040:2024 Summer Olympics
9036:1924 Summer Olympics
8984:tournaments. French
8936:2023 Rugby World Cup
8932:2007 Rugby World Cup
8928:1998 FIFA World Cups
8434:Krzysztof Kieślowski
8395:Venice Film Festival
8387:Cannes Film Festival
8169:Jean-Philippe Rameau
8064:in the Renaissance.
7956:The Three Musketeers
7687:Second French Empire
7669:architecture. Under
7655:Capitole de Toulouse
7615:Palace of Versailles
7611:Baroque architecture
7565:Saint Denis Basilica
7539:Château de Vincennes
7371:favoured artists of
6937:overseas territories
6534:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
6500:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
6314:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
6296:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
6051:total fertility rate
5963:Hand transplantation
5858:Age of Enlightenment
5771:Ariane rocket family
5577:nuclear power plants
5418:Musée de l'Orangerie
5373:(1.2 million),
5369:(1.5 million),
5357:(2.8 million),
5353:(6.2 million),
5336:World Heritage Sites
4719:") consists of four
4668:National Gendarmerie
4492:Special Relationship
3663:regional nature park
3482:Roussillon, Vaucluse
3460:Due to its numerous
3373:in the west and the
3327:Location and borders
3220:supranational Europe
3208:fourth nuclear power
3206:and made France the
3010:In 1940, France was
2925:colonial possessions
2877:. Unrest led to the
2719:in September, while
2715:and replaced by the
2520:Palace of Versailles
2512:royal absolute power
2334:House of Plantagenet
2192:Western Roman Empire
2137:mayors of the palace
2055:conqueror after the
1889:was a temple of the
1726:Prehistory of France
1432:nuclear-weapon state
1420:largest in the world
1416:its advanced economy
1309:Second French Empire
1165:with its capital in
1101:shares borders with
982:• Summer (
45:République française
26459:Countries in Europe
26416: /
26362:Francophone economy
24855:G20 major economies
24669:Group of Eight (G8)
23232:Plazas de soberanía
23136:African territories
23076:unclear sovereignty
23061:States with limited
22263:Trinidad and Tobago
22158:Antigua and Barbuda
21985:unincorporated area
21914:Bailiwick of Jersey
21776:States with limited
21227: /
20860:Automotive industry
20644:2021 labor protests
20401:Peace of Westphalia
20269:History of Normandy
20264:History of Brittany
19740:on 16 January 2013.
19668:on 26 February 2008
19569:on 14 November 2012
19385:on 11 February 2010
19283:13 May 2011 at the
19084:. About-France.com.
18974:Damien Rousselière
18599:. NPR. 12 July 2008
18408:. Routledge. p. 511
18114:on 29 October 2010.
17916:"The Gothic Period"
17857:11 May 2011 at the
17404:on 11 November 2013
17233:on 6 February 2011.
16998: – Légifrance.
16943:. 27 January 2023.
16925:on 12 January 2012.
16894:on 12 December 2006
16875:on 26 October 2011.
16460:The Washington Post
16315:on 2 December 2011.
16218:]. p. 261.
16093:, 4 February 2021,
15970:Roser, Max (2014),
15899:on 2 September 2021
15793:10.34667/tind.46596
15584:on 14 November 2012
14709:Embassy of France.
14566:lloydsbanktrade.com
14218:on 7 December 2014.
13720:on 15 February 2018
13487:on 23 January 2010.
13435:14 May 2023 at the
13249:"The Soft Power 30"
13096:on 30 December 2015
13036:. 16 October 2022.
12903:Assemblée Nationale
12887:on 5 December 2008.
12881:Assemblée Nationale
12737:Contemporary France
12456:2020NatCo..11.5978G
11979:. 6 November 2009.
11271:18 May 2024 at the
10745:Templeman, Geoffrey
10712:on 20 January 2008.
10665:The Story of French
10656:Nadeau, Jean-Benoit
10377:"Provence in Stone"
9981:"History of France"
9723:. 16 January 2024.
9693:. 16 January 2023.
9475:Metropolitan France
9258:Languages of France
9110:Stade Roland-Garros
9016:Pierre de Coubertin
8964:24 Hours of Le Mans
8837:(main course), and
8620:newspaper of record
8516:'s headquarters on
8450:Alexandre Alexeieff
8228:(1919), the ballet
8200:Impressionist music
8161:Jean-Baptiste Lully
8142:, a French composer
8111:Claude Lévi-Strauss
8105:, contributions to
8082:Western philosopher
8078:Nicolas Malebranche
7982:Les Rougon-Macquart
7853:Michel de Montaigne
7596:Château de Chambord
7577:Notre-Dame de Reims
7573:Notre-Dame d'Amiens
7555:, originally named
7553:Gothic architecture
7510:French architecture
7448:Maurice de Vlaminck
7377:Jacques-Louis David
7316:at the time of the
7256:for careers in the
7224:public universities
7168:Education in France
6982:freedom of religion
6970:Notre-Dame de Reims
6841:Languages of France
6709:Sub-Saharan African
6602:Centre-Val de Loire
6432:Centre-Val de Loire
6062:population is aging
5991:Bernard Devauchelle
5957:, co-discoverer of
5847:scientific research
5811:University of Paris
5617:Transport in France
5497:Ministry of Culture
5191:indicative planning
5133:largest economies.
5095:consistently ranked
5085:, characterised by
5032:since 1995 and has
5008:Freedom of religion
4556:French Armed Forces
4438:diplomatic missions
4422:European Parliament
4218:metropolitan France
3927:Right-wing populist
3854:Assemblée nationale
3813:minority government
3688:national government
3654:and is part of the
3650:is classified as a
3537:France–Italy border
3359:Metropolitan France
3350:on the border with
3322:Geography of France
3154:conflict in Algeria
3121:President of France
3051:concentration camps
3045:, were deported to
3005:women in government
3001:eight-hour workdays
2903:Franco-Prussian War
2875:conquest of Algeria
2809:European coalitions
2732:National Convention
2728:revolt in June 1793
2701:economic depression
2646:coup of 18 Brumaire
2582:, helping them win
2368:Charles IV the Fair
2358:Philip II of France
2323:Albigensian Crusade
2157:Carolingian dynasty
2114:Merovingian dynasty
2096:Gallo-Roman culture
2082:until then, became
1994:Carolingian dynasty
1990:Merovingian dynasty
1962:Barbarian Invasions
1874:, and besieged and
1872:Battle of the Allia
1792:metallurgy appeared
1773:Last Glacial Period
1499:, or "realm of the
1347:in 1940. Following
1317:Franco-Prussian War
1301:Bourbon Restoration
1297:First French Empire
1194:Gallo-Roman culture
1099:Metropolitan France
659:Metropolitan France
292: /
217:Metropolitan France
26367:Senghor University
26164:Dominican Republic
25731:Russia (1996–2022)
25119:Unified Task Force
24490:provisional member
24404:EFTA member states
23140:non-African states
22198:Dominican Republic
21884:Crown Dependencies
20927:Telecommunications
20629:2015 Paris attacks
20492:Revolution of 1848
20320:Visigothic Kingdom
19964:
19893:on 16 October 2007
19842:. 29 December 2004
19433:on 27 August 2010.
18982:Vol. 15 No. 2 2005
18912:The New York Times
18871:The New York Times
18807:The New York Times
18788:The New York Times
18386:on 22 January 2019
17873:"Opus francigenum"
17838:, 6 September 2018
17788:, 25 February 2008
16626:The New York Times
16443:on 2 October 2013.
16248:Institut Montaigne
16090:The World Factbook
15703:"Media Collection"
15433:The World Factbook
15373:The World Factbook
14777:on 4 January 2011.
14592:"France – Economy"
14459:"France – Finance"
14433:The New York Times
14381:France: the market
14370:CIA World factbook
14055:rainbow-europe.org
13973:1 May 2024 at the
13868:on 11 March 2012.
13716:AG. Archived from
13319:on 28 August 2010.
13205:The World Factbook
12951:"Le role du Sénat"
12304:The New York Times
12273:The New York Times
12248:The New York Times
12135:La France en Chine
12003:"Close to ESTUARY"
11959:The World Factbook
11783:on 11 January 2015
11756:on 30 January 2015
11703:La France à l'Otan
11679:on 25 October 2005
11563:. OUP US. p.
11460:The New York Times
11388:on 9 November 2014
11355:on 6 December 2014
10550:"Treaty of Verdun"
10529:on 6 February 2011
9670:on 28 August 2015.
9630:on 31 January 2014
9624:The World Factbook
9497:Article II of the
9439:domain is used in
9080:Summer Deaflympics
9008:
8980:, one of the four
8896:
8790:in the Southwest,
8780:
8728:Le Canard Enchaîné
8624:
8522:
8489:cultural exception
8446:Edgardo Cozarinsky
8402:
8345:and more recently
8144:
8115:post-structuralist
8099:Simone de Beauvoir
7992:La Comédie humaine
7912:Charles Baudelaire
7797:Christine de Pizan
7793:Chrétien de Troyes
7782:Tristan and Iseult
7772:
7731:Dominique Perrault
7584:French Renaissance
7541:and the so-called
7527:
7348:, lived in Italy.
7306:
7260:of the state. The
7190:
7120:
7082:Unification Church
6978:
6961:Religion in France
6915:(German dialect),
6889:Académie française
6887:. Since 1635, the
6877:
6789:
6676:in the southeast.
6668:in the northwest,
6664:in the southwest,
6450:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
6020:
5783:
5662:Eurotunnel Shuttle
5634:
5542:
5493:Remarkable Gardens
5377:(1 million),
5365:(2 million),
5220:La Bourse de Paris
5091:economic diversity
5079:
5046:Human Rights Watch
4910:Court of Cassation
4896:constitutional law
4892:administrative law
4872:
4701:France has been a
4654:, formerly called
4544:sub-Saharan Africa
4523:government in the
4430:
4414:
4410:cultural diversity
4331:overseas territory
3957:overseas territory
3917:(RN). Since 2020,
3844:body made up of a
3834:
3797:head of government
3700:Politics of France
3667:
3652:marine nature park
3485:
3457:in the southwest.
3385:in the northeast,
3365:in the north, the
3355:
3124:
3082:four Allied Powers
2973:
2921:
2856:Battle of Waterloo
2799:in 1799 and later
2793:
2754:seized power in a
2744:ended in July 1794
2638:
2558:European territory
2550:Indian possessions
2540:Under the wars of
2496:
2469:Cardinal Richelieu
2410:French Renaissance
2380:Hundred Years' War
2354:Plantagenet empire
2268:king of the Franks
2260:
2256:Hundred Years' War
2223:Battle of Hastings
2176:Holy Roman Emperor
2092:
2045:Visigothic Kingdom
2020:, settled in west
1935:Gallo-Roman period
1907:
1720:Pre-6th century BC
1505:name of the Franks
1351:, the short-lived
1329:major participants
1293:Napoleon Bonaparte
1242:French Renaissance
1238:Hundred Years' War
1220:evolving into the
1210:Carolingian Empire
1125:to the southeast,
1113:to the northeast,
1083:French West Indies
1045:The World Factbook
834:2024 estimate
782:2024 estimate
418:1% Other religions
26399:
26398:
26393:
26392:
26273:
26272:
26258:Suspended members
26096:Associate members
25906:Equatorial Guinea
25749:
25748:
25416:Venice Commission
25376:Secretary General
25362:Council of Europe
25328:
25327:
25255:
25254:
25078:Military Observer
24974:
24973:
24821:
24820:
24635:
24634:
24493:
24444:
24432:
24420:
24361:
24360:
24149:
24148:
23878:Mediterranean Sea
23843:
23842:
23763:
23762:
23656:Wallis and Futuna
23641:Clipperton Island
23618:Coral Sea Islands
23554:Associated states
23538:
23537:
23474:Galápagos Islands
23292:
23291:
23256:
23255:
23131:
23130:
22851:Equatorial Guinea
22721:
22720:
22679:
22678:
22534:
22533:
22530:
22529:
22401:Clipperton Island
22355:
22354:
22097:
22096:
22038:
22037:
21960:autonomous region
21931:
21930:
21927:
21926:
21457:
21456:
21452:
21451:
21447:Mediterranean Sea
21197:
21196:
21159:
21158:
20950:
20949:
20837:
20836:
20829:Political parties
20765:Foreign relations
20730:
20729:
20659:
20658:
20442:French Revolution
20396:Thirty Years' War
20377:Absolute monarchy
20342:Kingdom of France
20238:Foreign relations
20218:Political history
19960:
19768:978-0-7190-4451-9
19375:"Wines of France"
19363:on 25 April 2011.
19337:978-0-226-24327-6
19310:978-0-8122-1776-6
19120:. 5 October 2023.
19061:on 27 April 2011.
19025:978-2-271-05633-7
18782:Dargis, Manohla.
18765:France Diplomatie
18643:. Classicfm.co.uk
18621:. Classicfm.co.uk
18092:978-1-74059-850-7
18082:Paris: City Guide
18022:978-0-7546-0309-2
17894:978-1-884446-05-4
17877:Oxford Art Online
17126:on 30 March 2023.
16654:978-92-871-2611-5
16606:978-0-87169-817-9
16424:978-2-296-10839-4
16371:978-0-521-44405-7
16285:. 26 March 2009.
15977:Our World in Data
15405:. 22 April 2002.
15379:on 4 October 2013
15195:on 1 October 2013
15133:world-nuclear.org
15076:. 19 March 2019.
14886:on 22 August 2013
14853:France Diplomatie
14717:on 9 October 2011
14011:. 28 April 2013.
13689:France priorities
13593:on 25 April 2011.
13462:France Diplomatie
13385:on 3 October 2009
12823:. 24 April 2022.
12758:978-0-333-79243-8
12683:on 28 August 2013
12653:on 19 August 2019
12598:978-1-85383-791-3
12378:on 8 January 2018
12196:on 4 October 2017
12035:on 25 April 2011.
11932:. Berghahn Books.
11930:France After 2012
11699:"France and NATO"
11594:978-1-107-31065-0
11574:978-0-19-533402-9
11435:978-1-317-86480-6
11325:on 16 April 2014.
11282:978-1-85109-420-2
11224:978-0-300-10098-3
11156:978-0-313-29076-3
11129:978-0-5200-7120-9
11102:978-0-6740-0624-9
10898:978-1-4456-4403-5
10841:978-0-691-11669-3
10816:978-0-520-05523-0
10675:978-1-4299-3240-0
10618:978-0-871-69751-6
10333:perseus.tufts.edu
10294:978-0-631-20309-4
10267:978-0-521-08691-2
10188:978-2-02-010879-9
10163:978-1-85359-032-0
10143:978-1-4058-8118-0
10111:978-0-671-42257-8
10076:978-0-674-39974-7
9987:on 24 August 2011
9869:978-0-7391-0821-5
9395:and territories:
9376:Wallis and Futuna
9323:Wallis and Futana
9170:Outline of France
8343:Les Rita Mitsouko
8286:chanson française
8237:Concert champêtre
8153:François Couperin
8066:Modern philosophy
8050:The Little Prince
8001:Théophile Gautier
7997:Guy de Maupassant
7920:Stéphane Mallarmé
7835:François Rabelais
7823:chansons de geste
7813:Carolingian cycle
7755:French philosophy
7751:French literature
7651:Parisian Pantheon
7604:Château d'Amboise
7475:Wassily Kandinsky
7471:Amedeo Modigliani
7300:, founder of the
7278:Culture of France
7234:Sciences Po Paris
7088:, are considered
6757:1.6 million
6705:Northwest African
6685:Institut Montaign
6610:
6609:
6100:metropolitan area
6038:(after Germany).
5983:Jacques Marescaux
5965:was developed in
5953:; and virologist
5793:reintroduced the
5791:Pope Sylvester II
5698:Pont de Normandie
5571:, namely through
5428:, as well as the
5375:Mont Saint-Michel
5325:Mont-Saint-Michel
5271:Tourism in France
5248:Sociéte Générale.
5200:Trente Glorieuses
5142:industrial sector
5071:Ernst & Young
5058:Economy of France
5018:is the basis for
4988:, while the 1990
4982:freedom of speech
4966:same-sex marriage
4851:were laid in the
4772:Charles de Gaulle
4768:aerospace sectors
4760:Charles de Gaulle
4593:Charles de Gaulle
4369:Pacific Community
4349:Foreign relations
4339:Clipperton Island
4317:Wallis and Futuna
3850:National Assembly
3838:French Parliament
3831:French Parliament
3827:National Assembly
3766:
3746:since 14 May 2017
3744:
3422:, and longitudes
3375:Mediterranean Sea
3306:Opération Chammal
3248:Maastricht Treaty
3224:sovereign nations
3141:and attempted to
3134:Trente Glorieuses
3109:Charles de Gaulle
3066:French Resistance
3064:. The Allies and
3036:Charles de Gaulle
3022:in the north, an
2823:. Members of the
2723:in January 1793.
2678:National Assembly
2654:liberal democracy
2634:French Revolution
2620:French Revolution
2570:French Revolution
2556:(1756–1763). Its
2474:Thirty Years' War
2418:House of Habsburg
2106:Romanic languages
2072:Frankish monarchy
1947:fortified borders
1708:History of France
1408:developed country
1365:Charles de Gaulle
1287:and produced the
1277:French Revolution
1266:Thirty Years' War
1250:House of Habsburg
1222:Kingdom of France
1198:Early Middle Ages
1147:Mediterranean Sea
1057:, officially the
1052:
1051:
859:• Per capita
807:• Per capita
599:22 September 1792
553:National Assembly
376:Roman Catholicism
312:Official language
185:Diplomatic emblem
175:
26521:
26431:
26430:
26428:
26427:
26426:
26421:
26417:
26414:
26413:
26412:
26409:
26383:
26382:
25796:
25795:
25776:
25769:
25762:
25753:
25752:
25355:
25348:
25341:
25332:
25331:
25318:
25317:
25302:Small Five Group
25139:
25138:
25008:Security Council
25001:
24994:
24987:
24978:
24977:
24848:
24841:
24834:
24825:
24824:
24662:
24655:
24648:
24639:
24638:
24487:
24462:EU member states
24455:
24438:
24426:
24414:
24388:
24381:
24374:
24365:
24364:
24340:
24176:
24169:
24162:
24153:
24152:
24064:
24052:
24044:
23886:Sovereign states
23870:
23863:
23856:
23847:
23846:
23692:Pitcairn Islands
23646:French Polynesia
23608:Christmas Island
23591:
23590:
23546:
23411:Papua New Guinea
23386:Marshall Islands
23361:
23360:
23356:Sovereign states
23319:
23312:
23305:
23296:
23295:
23280:
23268:
23267:
23144:
23143:
23101:
23100:
23053:
22847:(partly in Asia)
22767:Sovereign states
22748:
22741:
22734:
22725:
22724:
22702:Falkland Islands
22687:
22583:
22582:
22561:
22554:
22547:
22538:
22537:
22521:
22520:
22519:
22375:
22374:
22363:
22148:
22147:
22143:Sovereign states
22124:
22117:
22110:
22101:
22100:
22085:
22073:
22072:
22059:Governed by the
22021:Northern Ireland
21964:Åland convention
21946:
21945:
21856:
21855:
21826:
21825:
21768:
21503:Sovereign states
21484:
21477:
21470:
21461:
21460:
21442:
21440:
21439:
21431:
21429:
21428:
21422:
21420:
21419:
21408:
21407:
21396:
21394:
21393:
21387:
21385:
21384:
21378:
21376:
21375:
21367:
21366:
21360:
21358:
21357:
21351:
21350:
21336:
21335:
21324:
21322:
21321:
21315:
21313:
21312:
21304:
21302:
21301:
21293:
21291:
21290:
21283:
21269:
21262:
21255:
21246:
21245:
21242:
21241:
21239:
21238:
21237:
21232:
21228:
21225:
21224:
21223:
21220:
21205:Related articles
21201:
21200:
20961:
20960:
20877:Economic history
20848:
20847:
20741:
20740:
20670:
20669:
20548:
20527:
20426:Seven Years' War
20391:Wars of Religion
20387:
20372:House of Bourbon
20367:Early modern era
20347:Fundamental laws
20223:Military history
20198:
20197:
20175:
20168:
20161:
20152:
20151:
20107:
20098:
20048:
20047:
20038:
20037:
19984:
19982:
19971:
19970:
19961:
19951:
19949:
19945:
19940:
19915:
19909:
19903:
19902:
19900:
19898:
19889:. Archived from
19876:
19870:
19869:
19858:
19852:
19851:
19849:
19847:
19836:
19830:
19817:
19811:
19810:
19803:
19797:
19791:
19780:
19779:
19777:
19775:
19758:Olympic Politics
19752:
19746:
19741:
19730:
19724:
19723:
19721:
19719:
19696:
19690:
19684:
19678:
19677:
19675:
19673:
19667:
19661:. Archived from
19660:
19652:
19646:
19645:
19643:
19641:
19632:. Archived from
19626:
19620:
19615:
19611:
19605:
19604:
19602:
19600:
19585:
19579:
19578:
19576:
19574:
19565:. Archived from
19559:
19553:
19552:
19550:
19548:
19538:
19532:
19531:
19529:
19527:
19513:
19507:
19506:
19504:
19502:
19493:. Archived from
19483:
19477:
19476:
19462:
19456:
19455:
19441:
19435:
19434:
19429:. Archived from
19423:
19417:
19416:
19414:
19412:
19401:
19395:
19394:
19392:
19390:
19371:
19365:
19364:
19359:. Archived from
19348:
19342:
19341:
19321:
19315:
19314:
19294:
19288:
19275:
19271:
19262:
19255:
19249:
19248:
19246:
19244:
19228:
19222:
19208:
19202:
19190:
19184:
19172:
19168:
19162:
19150:
19146:
19140:
19139:
19128:
19122:
19121:
19110:
19104:
19095:
19086:
19085:
19082:"French perfume"
19078:
19072:
19069:
19063:
19062:
19060:
19053:
19045:
19039:
19033:
19027:
19011:
19005:
19004:
18999:. Archived from
18989:
18983:
18973:
18969:
18960:
18959:
18958:on 10 June 2012.
18948:
18942:
18941:
18939:
18937:
18922:
18916:
18915:
18903:
18897:
18896:
18893:"UIS Statistics"
18888:
18882:
18881:
18879:
18877:
18855:
18849:
18848:
18836:
18830:
18829:
18817:
18811:
18810:
18798:
18792:
18791:
18779:
18773:
18772:
18757:
18751:
18750:
18744:
18742:
18737:on 30 April 2016
18719:
18713:
18712:
18701:
18695:
18694:
18692:
18690:
18678:
18672:
18671:
18662:Schrott, Allen.
18659:
18653:
18652:
18650:
18648:
18637:
18631:
18630:
18628:
18626:
18615:
18609:
18608:
18606:
18604:
18593:
18587:
18586:
18584:
18582:
18570:
18564:
18561:
18555:
18554:
18552:
18550:
18544:The Conversation
18535:
18529:
18528:
18526:
18524:
18502:
18496:
18495:
18493:
18491:
18476:
18470:
18469:
18453:
18447:
18446:
18444:
18442:
18428:
18422:
18415:
18409:
18402:
18396:
18395:
18393:
18391:
18376:
18370:
18369:, 9 October 2014
18353:
18347:
18346:
18344:
18342:
18327:
18316:
18315:
18309:
18301:
18299:
18297:
18286:
18280:
18279:
18277:
18275:
18264:
18258:
18257:
18256:on 23 July 2013.
18255:
18249:. Archived from
18248:
18240:
18234:
18233:
18231:
18229:
18220:. Archived from
18210:
18204:
18203:
18201:
18199:
18184:
18178:
18177:
18158:10.2307/20061415
18141:
18135:
18122:
18116:
18115:
18103:
18097:
18096:
18077:
18071:
18070:
18068:
18066:
18055:
18049:
18048:
18046:
18044:
18033:
18027:
18026:
18006:
18000:
17993:
17989:
17983:
17982:
17980:
17978:
17963:
17957:
17942:
17938:
17932:
17931:
17929:
17927:
17912:
17906:
17905:
17903:
17901:
17868:
17862:
17849:
17845:
17839:
17829:
17823:
17822:
17820:
17818:
17807:
17801:
17795:
17789:
17776:
17772:
17766:
17753:
17747:
17734:
17730:
17724:
17723:
17721:
17719:
17704:
17698:
17683:
17679:
17673:
17672:
17670:
17668:
17662:
17651:
17643:
17632:
17631:
17629:
17627:
17608:
17602:
17597:
17593:
17587:
17575:
17571:
17565:
17564:
17562:
17560:
17541:
17535:
17534:, 7 October 2016
17517:
17511:
17510:
17499:
17493:
17492:
17491:on 5 March 2010.
17481:
17475:
17474:
17472:
17470:
17455:
17449:
17448:
17446:
17444:
17429:
17423:
17420:
17414:
17413:
17411:
17409:
17394:
17388:
17387:
17385:
17383:
17378:on 5 August 2011
17377:
17371:. Archived from
17370:
17362:
17356:
17343:
17337:
17336:
17334:
17332:
17317:
17311:
17305:
17299:
17298:
17296:
17294:
17279:
17273:
17272:
17270:
17268:
17253:
17247:
17241:
17235:
17234:
17229:. Archived from
17219:
17213:
17212:
17198:
17192:
17188:
17182:
17181:
17174:
17168:
17167:
17159:
17153:
17152:
17134:
17128:
17127:
17125:
17114:
17104:
17093:
17092:
17090:
17088:
17069:
17063:
17048:
17044:
17038:
17037:
17035:
17033:
17018:
17012:
17005:
16999:
16994:
16990:
16984:
16983:
16981:
16979:
16960:
16949:
16948:
16933:
16927:
16926:
16921:. Archived from
16910:
16904:
16903:
16901:
16899:
16883:
16877:
16876:
16865:
16859:
16858:
16846:
16840:
16839:
16837:
16835:
16816:
16810:
16809:
16807:
16805:
16799:
16792:
16784:
16778:
16777:
16767:
16727:
16721:
16720:
16718:
16716:
16710:
16695:
16691:"Western Europe"
16687:
16681:
16680:
16665:
16659:
16658:
16636:
16630:
16629:
16617:
16611:
16610:
16588:
16582:
16581:
16579:
16577:
16558:
16552:
16551:
16549:
16547:
16531:
16525:
16524:
16523:on 6 March 2016.
16519:. Archived from
16513:
16507:
16506:
16504:
16502:
16482:
16476:
16475:
16473:
16471:
16451:
16445:
16444:
16432:
16426:
16412:
16406:
16405:
16403:
16401:
16382:
16376:
16375:
16363:
16353:
16344:
16343:
16323:
16317:
16316:
16305:
16299:
16298:
16296:
16294:
16273:
16267:
16266:
16264:
16262:
16256:
16245:
16226:
16220:
16219:
16207:
16201:
16200:
16198:
16196:
16182:
16176:
16175:
16164:
16158:
16157:
16155:
16153:
16138:
16132:
16131:
16129:
16127:
16112:
16106:
16105:
16104:
16102:
16081:
16075:
16074:
16072:
16070:
16065:on 27 April 2011
16055:
16049:
16048:
16046:
16044:
16029:
16023:
16022:
16020:
16018:
16003:
15997:
15996:
15995:
15993:
15984:, archived from
15967:
15961:
15960:
15958:
15956:
15941:
15935:
15934:
15932:
15930:
15915:
15909:
15908:
15906:
15904:
15893:INSEAD Knowledge
15885:
15879:
15878:
15876:
15874:
15855:
15849:
15848:
15846:
15844:
15825:
15819:
15818:
15816:
15814:
15778:
15772:
15771:
15769:
15767:
15752:
15746:
15745:
15743:
15741:
15725:
15719:
15718:
15716:
15714:
15698:
15692:
15691:
15663:
15657:
15654:
15648:
15645:
15639:
15638:
15630:
15624:
15623:
15621:
15619:
15600:
15594:
15593:
15591:
15589:
15570:
15564:
15563:
15552:
15546:
15545:
15543:
15541:
15525:
15519:
15518:
15516:
15514:
15494:
15488:
15487:
15485:
15483:
15467:
15461:
15459:
15455:
15449:
15448:
15446:
15444:
15425:
15419:
15418:
15416:
15414:
15395:
15389:
15388:
15386:
15384:
15365:
15359:
15358:
15356:
15354:
15348:
15342:. Archived from
15337:
15329:
15323:
15311:
15305:
15304:
15302:
15300:
15281:
15270:
15269:
15267:
15265:
15246:
15235:
15234:
15232:
15230:
15211:
15205:
15204:
15202:
15200:
15185:
15179:
15178:
15176:
15174:
15155:
15149:
15148:
15146:
15144:
15125:
15112:
15096:
15090:
15089:
15087:
15085:
15074:Power Technology
15066:
15060:
15059:
15057:
15055:
15040:
15034:
15033:
15031:
15029:
15014:
15008:
15007:
15005:
15003:
14983:
14977:
14976:
14974:
14972:
14967:on 25 April 2011
14963:. Archived from
14953:
14947:
14946:
14944:
14942:
14936:
14929:
14920:
14914:
14913:
14902:
14896:
14895:
14893:
14891:
14875:
14869:
14868:
14845:
14839:
14838:
14836:
14834:
14815:
14809:
14808:
14806:
14804:
14785:
14779:
14778:
14773:. Archived from
14763:
14757:
14756:
14754:
14752:
14733:
14727:
14726:
14724:
14722:
14706:
14697:
14696:
14694:
14692:
14672:
14666:
14665:
14663:
14661:
14655:
14648:
14640:
14634:
14632:Business Insider
14618:
14612:
14611:
14609:
14607:
14588:
14582:
14581:
14579:
14577:
14558:
14549:
14548:
14546:
14544:
14525:
14519:
14502:
14496:
14495:
14485:
14479:
14478:
14476:
14474:
14455:
14449:
14448:
14446:
14444:
14424:
14418:
14401:
14395:
14392:Société Générale
14378:
14372:
14363:
14357:
14356:
14354:
14352:
14333:
14327:
14311:
14305:
14304:
14302:
14300:
14285:
14279:
14262:
14256:
14255:
14253:
14251:
14246:on 12 March 2014
14245:
14234:
14226:
14220:
14219:
14204:
14198:
14197:
14195:
14193:
14177:
14171:
14170:
14168:
14166:
14146:
14140:
14135:
14131:
14125:
14123:
14121:
14119:
14110:. Archived from
14103:
14097:
14096:
14094:
14092:
14077:
14071:
14070:
14068:
14066:
14047:
14041:
14040:
14031:
14025:
14024:
14022:
14020:
14001:
13995:
13994:
13987:
13981:
13965:
13959:
13945:
13939:
13938:
13936:
13934:
13913:
13907:
13906:
13901:
13899:
13880:
13874:
13873:
13853:
13847:
13846:
13844:
13842:
13827:
13821:
13807:
13803:
13797:
13796:
13794:
13792:
13777:
13771:
13759:
13755:
13749:
13736:
13730:
13729:
13727:
13725:
13705:
13699:
13686:
13677:
13676:
13674:
13672:
13657:
13651:
13650:
13648:
13646:
13627:
13621:
13620:
13618:
13616:
13611:on 25 April 2011
13601:
13595:
13594:
13589:. Archived from
13583:
13577:
13576:
13574:
13572:
13552:
13546:
13545:
13543:
13541:
13526:
13520:
13519:
13517:
13515:
13495:
13489:
13488:
13476:
13470:
13469:
13454:
13448:
13426:
13420:
13401:
13395:
13394:
13392:
13390:
13375:
13369:
13368:
13366:
13364:
13349:
13343:
13342:
13341:on 2 April 2012.
13327:
13321:
13320:
13305:
13299:
13298:
13296:
13294:
13275:
13269:
13268:
13266:
13260:. Archived from
13253:
13245:
13239:
13238:
13227:
13221:
13220:
13218:
13216:
13197:
13191:
13190:
13188:
13186:
13171:
13165:
13164:
13162:
13160:
13155:on 30 April 2014
13151:. Archived from
13141:
13132:
13131:
13129:
13127:
13112:
13106:
13105:
13103:
13101:
13086:
13080:
13079:
13077:
13075:
13056:
13050:
13049:
13047:
13045:
13026:
13020:
13019:
13017:
13015:
13006:. 20 June 2022.
12996:
12990:
12989:
12987:
12985:
12965:
12959:
12958:
12947:
12941:
12940:
12938:
12936:
12927:. Archived from
12917:
12911:
12910:
12905:. Archived from
12895:
12889:
12888:
12883:. Archived from
12873:
12867:
12866:
12864:
12862:
12843:
12837:
12836:
12834:
12832:
12813:
12807:
12806:
12804:
12802:
12797:on 13 March 2013
12787:
12781:
12780:
12769:
12763:
12762:
12732:
12726:
12725:
12723:
12721:
12702:
12693:
12692:
12690:
12688:
12679:. Archived from
12669:
12663:
12662:
12660:
12658:
12649:. Archived from
12639:
12633:
12632:
12630:
12628:
12609:
12603:
12602:
12580:
12574:
12573:
12571:
12569:
12563:
12556:
12548:
12542:
12541:
12540:on 12 July 2010.
12530:
12524:
12523:
12521:
12519:
12500:
12494:
12493:
12483:
12434:
12428:
12427:
12412:
12406:
12405:
12394:
12388:
12387:
12385:
12383:
12372:Nationmaster.com
12364:
12358:
12357:
12355:
12353:
12336:. 18 July 2019.
12326:
12320:
12319:
12317:
12315:
12295:
12289:
12288:
12286:
12284:
12265:
12259:
12258:
12256:
12254:
12239:
12233:
12232:
12230:
12228:
12212:
12206:
12205:
12203:
12201:
12195:
12188:
12179:
12173:
12172:
12170:
12168:
12159:. Archived from
12149:
12143:
12142:
12127:
12121:
12120:
12113:L'Usine Nouvelle
12104:
12098:
12097:
12095:
12093:
12088:on 29 April 2011
12073:
12067:
12066:
12064:
12062:
12043:
12037:
12036:
12031:. Archived from
12025:
12019:
12018:
12016:
12014:
12005:. Archived from
11999:
11993:
11992:
11990:
11988:
11969:
11963:
11962:
11951:
11934:
11933:
11925:
11923:
11921:
11902:
11896:
11895:
11893:
11891:
11872:
11866:
11865:
11863:
11861:
11841:
11839:
11837:
11818:
11812:
11811:
11809:
11807:
11792:
11790:
11788:
11772:
11766:
11765:
11763:
11761:
11745:
11739:
11732:
11726:
11720:
11711:
11710:
11705:. Archived from
11695:
11689:
11688:
11686:
11684:
11669:
11663:
11656:
11650:
11644:
11642:
11640:
11617:
11611:
11610:
11608:
11606:
11578:
11556:
11549:
11543:
11542:
11537:. Archived from
11527:
11521:
11520:
11482:
11476:
11475:
11473:
11471:
11451:
11449:
11447:
11419:
11413:
11411:
11405:
11397:
11395:
11393:
11387:
11381:. Archived from
11380:
11371:
11365:
11364:
11362:
11360:
11351:. Archived from
11345:
11343:
11341:
11326:
11321:. Archived from
11315:
11309:
11308:
11290:
11284:
11261:
11255:
11254:
11252:
11250:
11235:
11229:
11228:
11212:
11202:
11196:
11195:
11182:
11173:
11172:
11170:
11168:
11140:
11134:
11133:
11113:
11107:
11106:
11087:
11081:
11080:
11078:
11076:
11070:
11064:. Archived from
11063:
11055:
11053:
11051:
11036:
11030:
11029:
11027:
11025:
11001:
10995:
10994:
10992:
10990:
10975:
10969:
10968:
10966:
10964:
10944:
10938:
10934:
10928:
10921:
10915:
10914:
10912:
10910:
10882:
10876:
10875:
10873:
10871:
10852:
10846:
10845:
10820:
10795:
10789:
10788:
10741:
10735:
10734:
10723:
10714:
10713:
10698:
10692:
10691:
10689:
10687:
10652:
10643:
10642:
10640:
10638:
10598:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10587:
10582:on 6 August 2011
10572:
10566:
10565:
10563:
10561:
10546:
10540:
10538:
10536:
10534:
10525:. Archived from
10515:
10509:
10508:
10506:
10504:
10489:
10483:
10482:2000, pp. 84–88.
10476:
10470:
10463:
10457:
10450:
10444:
10443:2000, pp. 79–82.
10437:
10431:
10428:
10422:
10421:2000, pp. 53–55.
10415:
10406:
10405:2000, pp. 44–45.
10399:
10393:
10392:
10390:
10388:
10373:
10367:
10364:
10358:
10355:
10349:
10348:
10346:
10344:
10325:
10319:
10312:
10306:
10305:
10303:
10301:
10278:
10276:
10274:
10252:
10246:
10245:2000, pp. 20–24.
10239:
10233:
10232:
10230:
10228:
10196:
10190:
10179:
10168:
10167:
10147:
10129:
10123:
10122:
10120:
10118:
10095:
10089:
10088:
10062:
10056:
10055:
10053:
10051:
10032:
10021:
10019:
10012:
10003:
9997:
9996:
9994:
9992:
9977:
9971:
9970:
9968:
9966:
9951:
9942:
9935:
9929:
9928:
9926:
9924:
9914:
9906:
9897:
9896:
9890:
9880:
9874:
9873:
9853:
9844:
9843:
9841:
9839:
9833:
9822:
9814:
9808:
9807:
9805:
9803:
9780:
9774:
9773:
9771:
9769:
9750:
9737:
9736:
9734:
9732:
9713:
9707:
9706:
9704:
9702:
9683:
9672:
9671:
9656:
9650:
9644:
9643:
9639:
9637:
9635:
9616:
9607:
9606:
9604:
9602:
9587:
9581:
9580:
9577:www.info.gouv.fr
9574:
9566:
9560:
9559:
9557:
9555:
9534:
9528:
9527:
9525:
9523:
9508:
9502:
9495:
9478:
9467:
9461:
9450:
9444:
9385:
9379:
9372:French Polynesia
9336:
9330:
9319:French Polynesia
9315:
9309:
9306:
9300:
9297:
9291:
9280:
9274:
9267:
9261:
9254:
9248:
9245:different emblem
9233:
9221:
9220:
9210:
9204:
9203:
9202:
9201:
9195:
9190:
9186:
9164:
9159:
9158:
9157:
9150:
9145:
9144:
9143:
8804:beef bourguignon
8549:
8530:fashion capitals
8474:Jacques Tourneur
8438:Andrzej Żuławski
8414:Alice Guy-Blaché
8410:Lumière Brothers
8371:Cinema of France
8307:Serge Gainsbourg
8303:Charles Aznavour
8295:Georges Brassens
8281:French pop music
8266:Pierre Schaeffer
8178:In the field of
8041:Jean-Paul Sartre
7987:Honoré de Balzac
7908:symbolist poetry
7880:Charles Perrault
7845:, author of the
7557:Opus Francigenum
7535:Château d'Angers
7463:Vincent van Gogh
7428:Toulouse-Lautrec
7400:Camille Pissarro
7373:neoclassic style
7361:François Boucher
7334:Rosso Fiorentino
7148:chronic diseases
7106:Health in France
6934:
6933:
6881:Romance language
6873:
6867:
6861:
6798:Eastern European
6495:Clermont-Ferrand
6484:Pays de la Loire
6264:
6254:
6196:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6162:
6161:
6058:replacement rate
5902:founding modern
5900:Augustin Fresnel
5799:armillary sphere
5773:, launched from
5601:Étang de Soulcem
5588:renewable energy
5525:Energy in France
5511:, a town in the
5505:way to St. James
5490:
5438:Disneyland Paris
5434:contemporary art
5364:
5363:
5321:
5301:
5283:
5159:and the broader
5129:(OECD), and the
4994:Holocaust denial
4976:. Some consider
4914:Council of State
4778:missile and the
4756:aircraft carrier
4741:nuclear warheads
4690:, making it the
4652:Marine Nationale
4645:
4631:
4610:
4598:Marine nationale
4588:
4568:
4477:Entente cordiale
4444:, including the
4386:
4385:
4305:Saint Barthélemy
4301:French Polynesia
3985:
3907:radical centrist
3762:
3755:
3740:
3733:
3633:carbon emissions
3497:Armorican Massif
3489:Hercynian uplift
3338:valley with the
3256:Treaty of Lisbon
3226:. The revolt of
3151:anti-colonialist
3062:invaded Provence
3058:invaded Normandy
3028:Vichy government
2943:state secularism
2795:Napoleon became
2650:French Consulate
2592:naming of oxygen
2554:Seven Years' War
2508:sovereign courts
2372:Philip of Valois
2336:, rulers of the
2311:the base of the
2215:Viking invasions
2151:(732). His son,
1916:
1913:Provincia Nostra
1770:
1767:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1669:
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1587:
1584:
1581:
1563:
1544:
1519:
1498:
1430:and an official
1418:ranks among the
1404:visitors in 2023
1286:
1285:
1226:High Middle Ages
1214:Treaty of Verdun
995:
971:
922:
921:
915:
914:
908:
897:
896:
890:
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867:
866:
848:
847:
831:
815:
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796:
795:
779:
745:
744:
713:68,373,433 (
712:
711:
577:Treaty of Verdun
509:Yaël Braun-Pivet
329:
316:
307:
306:
304:
303:
302:
297:
296:48.850°N 2.350°E
293:
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270:and largest city
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104:
82:
68:
55:
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21:French Republics
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26395:
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26389:
26371:
26350:
26311:French language
26299:
26269:
26253:
26127:
26091:
26065:
25961:North Macedonia
25785:
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25714:
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25594:North Macedonia
25425:
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24781:
24743:
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24666:
24636:
24631:
24630:
24628:UK–EU relations
24624:CH–EU relations
24611:
24456:
24447:
24398:
24394:Members of the
24392:
24362:
24357:
24356:
24341:
24332:
24189:
24180:
24150:
24145:
24131:Sea of Sardinia
24067:
24062:
24050:
24038:
24021:
24012:Northern Cyprus
23998:
23880:
23874:
23844:
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23777:Overseas France
23759:
23696:
23678:
23660:
23627:
23587:
23582:
23572:
23556:
23547:
23534:
23506:Southwest Papua
23440:
23421:Solomon Islands
23350:
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23180:Pelagie Islands
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22054:Oceanic islands
22034:
22027:subject to the
21994:
21989:Svalbard Treaty
21987:subject to the
21969:
21962:subject to the
21942:
21940:
21938:
21923:
21878:
21847:
21822:
21819:
21811:
21797:Northern Cyprus
21780:
21777:
21769:
21760:
21676:North Macedonia
21497:
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21206:
21198:
21193:
21192:
21173:
21155:
21136:Public holidays
21049:
21008:Life expectancy
20946:
20833:
20726:
20655:
20624:Great Recession
20597:Fourth Republic
20592:1900 to present
20580:
20497:Second Republic
20461:
20430:
20353:
20306:
20273:
20252:
20187:
20179:
20139:Wayback Machine
20125:
20105:
20102:Gouvernement.fr
20096:
20089:
20072:
20045:
20035:
19998:
19997:
19986:
19980:
19978:
19975:This audio file
19972:
19965:
19956:
19953:
19947:
19943:
19942:
19938:
19935:
19930:
19924:
19922:Further reading
19919:
19918:
19910:
19906:
19896:
19894:
19877:
19873:
19860:
19859:
19855:
19845:
19843:
19838:
19837:
19833:
19828:Wayback Machine
19818:
19814:
19805:
19804:
19800:
19794:Olympic History
19792:
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19693:
19685:
19681:
19671:
19669:
19665:
19658:
19654:
19653:
19649:
19639:
19637:
19636:on 10 June 2017
19628:
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19598:
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19539:
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19523:
19515:
19514:
19510:
19500:
19498:
19497:on 24 July 2010
19485:
19484:
19480:
19472:Financial Times
19467:"Falling stars"
19463:
19459:
19442:
19438:
19427:"French Cheese"
19425:
19424:
19420:
19410:
19408:
19405:"French Cheese"
19403:
19402:
19398:
19388:
19386:
19373:
19372:
19368:
19349:
19345:
19338:
19322:
19318:
19311:
19295:
19291:
19287:20 August 2004
19285:Wayback Machine
19273:
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19240:
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19221:2 October 2008
19219:Wayback Machine
19209:
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19182:Wayback Machine
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19160:Wayback Machine
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18923:
18919:
18904:
18900:
18889:
18885:
18875:
18873:
18859:Dargis, Manohla
18856:
18852:
18837:
18833:
18820:Woolsey, Matt.
18818:
18814:
18799:
18795:
18780:
18776:
18759:
18758:
18754:
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18416:
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18399:
18389:
18387:
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18363:Wayback Machine
18354:
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18273:
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18266:
18265:
18261:
18253:
18246:
18242:
18241:
18237:
18227:
18225:
18224:on 7 March 2018
18218:users.skynet.be
18212:
18211:
18207:
18197:
18195:
18186:
18185:
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18142:
18138:
18132:Wayback Machine
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17960:
17955:Wayback Machine
17940:
17939:
17935:
17925:
17923:
17922:on 18 July 2011
17914:
17913:
17909:
17899:
17897:
17895:
17869:
17865:
17859:Wayback Machine
17847:
17846:
17842:
17836:The Independent
17830:
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17816:
17814:
17809:
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17786:Wayback Machine
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16781:
16728:
16724:
16714:
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16708:
16693:
16689:
16688:
16684:
16679:on 23 May 2012.
16667:
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16399:
16397:
16390:The Independent
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15775:
15765:
15763:
15754:
15753:
15749:
15739:
15737:
15726:
15722:
15712:
15710:
15701:Dr. Ghodoussi.
15699:
15695:
15668:Transpl Immunol
15664:
15660:
15655:
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15106:Wayback Machine
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14512:Wayback Machine
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14457:
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14379:
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14321:Wayback Machine
14312:
14308:
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14287:
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14278:, November 2017
14272:Wayback Machine
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13998:
13993:. 26 July 2023.
13989:
13988:
13984:
13975:Wayback Machine
13966:
13962:
13956:Wayback Machine
13947:Bruce Sussman,
13946:
13942:
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13897:
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13882:
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13477:
13473:
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13455:
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13437:Wayback Machine
13427:
13423:
13416:La Francophonie
13411:Wayback Machine
13402:
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13302:
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13290:
13277:
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13272:
13264:
13251:
13247:
13246:
13242:
13237:on 6 July 2010.
13229:
13228:
13224:
13214:
13212:
13199:
13198:
13194:
13184:
13182:
13181:on 17 July 2011
13173:
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13156:
13143:
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13135:
13125:
13123:
13122:on 14 July 2011
13114:
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12998:
12997:
12993:
12983:
12981:
12966:
12962:
12949:
12948:
12944:
12934:
12932:
12931:on 15 June 2011
12919:
12918:
12914:
12909:on 4 July 2011.
12897:
12896:
12892:
12875:
12874:
12870:
12860:
12858:
12853:. 2 July 2022.
12845:
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12656:
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12641:
12640:
12636:
12626:
12624:
12623:on 5 April 2012
12611:
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12606:
12599:
12581:
12577:
12567:
12565:
12564:on 22 July 2013
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12435:
12431:
12414:
12413:
12409:
12404:on 13 May 2011.
12396:
12395:
12391:
12381:
12379:
12366:
12365:
12361:
12351:
12349:
12328:
12327:
12323:
12313:
12311:
12296:
12292:
12282:
12280:
12267:
12266:
12262:
12252:
12250:
12240:
12236:
12226:
12224:
12213:
12209:
12199:
12197:
12193:
12186:
12180:
12176:
12166:
12164:
12163:on 23 July 2019
12151:
12150:
12146:
12141:on 1 July 2010.
12129:
12128:
12124:
12105:
12101:
12091:
12089:
12074:
12070:
12060:
12058:
12057:on 19 July 2011
12045:
12044:
12040:
12027:
12026:
12022:
12012:
12010:
12001:
12000:
11996:
11986:
11984:
11971:
11970:
11966:
11953:
11952:
11937:
11919:
11917:
11904:
11903:
11899:
11889:
11887:
11880:The Irish Times
11874:
11873:
11869:
11859:
11857:
11835:
11833:
11820:
11819:
11815:
11805:
11803:
11794:
11786:
11784:
11773:
11769:
11759:
11757:
11748:Zappi, Sylvia.
11746:
11742:
11733:
11729:
11721:
11714:
11697:
11696:
11692:
11682:
11680:
11671:
11670:
11666:
11657:
11653:
11638:
11636:
11634:
11618:
11614:
11604:
11602:
11595:
11575:
11551:
11550:
11546:
11541:on 23 May 2008.
11529:
11528:
11524:
11501:10.2307/2610008
11483:
11479:
11469:
11467:
11445:
11443:
11436:
11420:
11416:
11399:
11398:
11391:
11389:
11385:
11378:
11376:"Archived copy"
11374:
11372:
11368:
11358:
11356:
11347:
11339:
11337:
11328:
11317:
11316:
11312:
11305:
11295:La France libre
11291:
11287:
11273:Wayback Machine
11262:
11258:
11248:
11246:
11237:
11236:
11232:
11225:
11203:
11199:
11183:
11176:
11166:
11164:
11157:
11141:
11137:
11130:
11114:
11110:
11103:
11088:
11084:
11074:
11072:
11071:on 25 July 2011
11068:
11061:
11057:
11049:
11047:
11038:
11037:
11033:
11023:
11021:
11002:
10998:
10988:
10986:
10985:on 21 July 2011
10977:
10976:
10972:
10962:
10960:
10945:
10941:
10935:
10931:
10922:
10918:
10908:
10906:
10899:
10883:
10879:
10869:
10867:
10854:
10853:
10849:
10842:
10817:
10796:
10792:
10761:10.2307/3678784
10742:
10738:
10727:Guerard, Albert
10724:
10717:
10700:
10699:
10695:
10685:
10683:
10676:
10653:
10646:
10636:
10634:
10619:
10599:
10595:
10585:
10583:
10574:
10573:
10569:
10559:
10557:
10556:on 16 July 2011
10548:
10547:
10543:
10532:
10530:
10517:
10516:
10512:
10502:
10500:
10499:on 22 July 2011
10491:
10490:
10486:
10477:
10473:
10464:
10460:
10451:
10447:
10438:
10434:
10429:
10425:
10416:
10409:
10400:
10396:
10386:
10384:
10375:
10374:
10370:
10365:
10361:
10356:
10352:
10342:
10340:
10327:
10326:
10322:
10313:
10309:
10299:
10297:
10295:
10272:
10270:
10268:
10254:
10253:
10249:
10240:
10236:
10226:
10224:
10217:
10197:
10193:
10180:
10171:
10164:
10144:
10130:
10126:
10116:
10114:
10112:
10096:
10092:
10077:
10063:
10059:
10049:
10047:
10034:
10033:
10024:
10013:
10006:
10004:
10000:
9990:
9988:
9979:
9978:
9974:
9964:
9962:
9953:
9952:
9945:
9936:
9932:
9922:
9920:
9912:
9908:
9907:
9900:
9881:
9877:
9870:
9854:
9847:
9837:
9835:
9831:
9820:
9816:
9815:
9811:
9801:
9799:
9782:
9781:
9777:
9767:
9765:
9764:. 16 April 2024
9752:
9751:
9740:
9730:
9728:
9715:
9714:
9710:
9700:
9698:
9685:
9684:
9675:
9658:
9657:
9653:
9641:
9633:
9631:
9618:
9617:
9610:
9600:
9598:
9589:
9588:
9584:
9572:
9568:
9567:
9563:
9553:
9551:
9536:
9535:
9531:
9521:
9519:
9510:
9509:
9505:
9496:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9481:
9468:
9464:
9451:
9447:
9387:In addition to
9386:
9382:
9337:
9333:
9316:
9312:
9307:
9303:
9298:
9294:
9281:
9277:
9268:
9264:
9255:
9251:
9241:lictor's fasces
9234:
9230:
9225:
9224:
9211:
9207:
9197:
9196:
9193:[fʁɑ̃s]
9188:
9187:
9183:
9178:
9160:
9155:
9153:
9146:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9124:Rugby World Cup
9093:are nicknamed "
8956:Stade de France
8880:
8878:Sport in France
8874:
8850:quality of life
8800:Lorraine region
8769:
8763:
8750:economic crisis
8707:and right-wing
8647:Dauphiné Libéré
8641:La Voix du Nord
8607:
8601:
8556:houses such as
8547:
8507:
8501:
8466:Otar Iosseliani
8460:) and Georgia (
8422:Cannes Festival
8373:
8367:
8250:(1957) and the
8220:Francis Poulenc
8180:classical music
8133:
8131:Music of France
8127:
8119:Michel Foucault
8109:including from
7951:Alexandre Dumas
7927:literary genres
7897:Sleeping Beauty
7827:Roman de Renart
7757:
7749:Main articles:
7747:
7699:Garabit viaduct
7659:Arc de Triomphe
7627:Place Stanislas
7523:Sainte-Chapelle
7512:
7506:
7482:Musée du Louvre
7357:Antoine Watteau
7342:Nicolas Poussin
7291:
7285:
7280:
7274:
7240:for economics,
7170:
7164:
7156:cystic fibrosis
7108:
7102:
7078:Children of God
6963:
6957:
6875:
6871:
6869:
6865:
6863:
6859:
6847:
6837:French language
6835:Main articles:
6833:
6781:illegal migrant
6754:
6748:
6707:(3–6 million),
6628:were mainly of
6622:
6616:
6611:
6382:Hauts-de-France
6265:
6259:
6255:
6201:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6167:
6142:considers that
6134:(823,120), and
6092:
6082:
6009:
6003:
5987:face transplant
5979:first performed
5935:Henri Becquerel
5831:fluid mechanics
5803:Arabic numerals
5801:and introduced
5759:
5751:Main articles:
5749:
5638:railway network
5619:
5613:
5605:Lac de Vouglans
5569:energy security
5565:1973 oil crisis
5527:
5521:
5513:Hautes-Pyrénées
5442:Disneyland Park
5404:, which is the
5393:(441,000), and
5379:Sainte-Chapelle
5371:Arc de Triomphe
5343:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5331:were listed as
5322:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5302:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5284:
5273:
5267:
5195:nationalisation
5131:Group of Twenty
5107:seventh-largest
5073:as the leading
5060:
5054:
4906:ordinary courts
4853:Napoleonic Code
4833:
4827:
4716:Force de Frappe
4709:(CTBT) and the
4676:military police
4624:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4611:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4589:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4572:Dassault Rafale
4569:
4558:
4552:
4532:development aid
4496:Nicolas Sarkozy
4465:founding member
4460:, and the OIF.
4406:multilingualism
4397:La Francophonie
4357:
4351:
4293:
4283:
4281:Overseas France
4277:
4257:arrondissements
4214:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3979:
3973:
3945:
3939:
3903:The Republicans
3879:Socialist Party
3781:Emmanuel Macron
3773:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3756:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3739:
3737:Emmanuel Macron
3734:
3723:
3702:
3696:
3648:Gironde estuary
3614:1973 oil crisis
3602:
3588:
3580:Gironde estuary
3521:Aquitaine Basin
3474:
3367:English Channel
3329:
3324:
3318:
3264:foreign workers
3165:May 1958 crisis
3128:Fourth Republic
3102:
3094:social security
2961:
2955:
2867:July Revolution
2840:attacked Russia
2836:Napoleonic Code
2774:
2768:
2740:Reign of Terror
2674:Estates General
2622:
2616:
2578:(r. 1774–1793)
2450:Edict of Nantes
2406:
2398:Main articles:
2396:
2338:County of Anjou
2319:Crusader states
2280:distinguishing
2241:
2235:
2188:Catholic Church
2159:. Pepin's son,
2153:Pepin the Short
2149:Battle of Tours
2006:
1996:
1984:Main articles:
1982:
1834:
1822:Main articles:
1820:
1768:
1760:, including at
1728:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1696:Cardiff English
1688:trap-bath split
1677:
1673:
1667:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1578:
1574:
1488:comes from the
1482:Frankish Empire
1478:
1472:
1353:Fourth Republic
1151:English Channel
1059:French Republic
1048:
990:
987:
966:
958:
919:
918:
917:
906:
894:
893:
892:
881:
860:
841:
829:
808:
789:
773:
757:
738:
724:
705:
684:
666:
648:
634:
613:
596:
590:French Republic
579:
549:
534:
505:
490:
475:
464:Emmanuel Macron
460:
421:
388:
359:
347:
327:
314:
313:
300:
298:
294:
291:
286:
283:
281:
279:
278:
277:
271:
263:
262:
255:
245:
244:
238:
231:
228:
221:
215:
208:
188:
178:
125:
122:
119:La Marseillaise
109:
90:
89:
88:
83:
75:
74:
69:
56:
49:
41:
40:French Republic
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
26527:
26517:
26516:
26511:
26506:
26501:
26496:
26491:
26486:
26481:
26476:
26471:
26466:
26461:
26456:
26451:
26446:
26397:
26396:
26391:
26390:
26388:
26387:
26376:
26373:
26372:
26370:
26369:
26364:
26358:
26356:
26352:
26351:
26349:
26348:
26343:
26338:
26333:
26328:
26323:
26318:
26313:
26307:
26305:
26301:
26300:
26298:
26297:
26292:
26287:
26281:
26279:
26275:
26274:
26271:
26270:
26268:
26267:
26261:
26259:
26255:
26254:
26252:
26251:
26246:
26241:
26236:
26231:
26226:
26221:
26216:
26211:
26206:
26201:
26196:
26191:
26186:
26181:
26176:
26171:
26166:
26161:
26159:Czech Republic
26156:
26151:
26146:
26141:
26135:
26133:
26129:
26128:
26126:
26125:
26120:
26115:
26110:
26105:
26099:
26097:
26093:
26092:
26090:
26089:
26084:
26079:
26073:
26071:
26067:
26066:
26064:
26063:
26058:
26053:
26048:
26043:
26038:
26033:
26028:
26023:
26018:
26013:
26008:
26003:
25998:
25993:
25988:
25983:
25978:
25973:
25968:
25963:
25958:
25953:
25948:
25943:
25938:
25933:
25928:
25923:
25918:
25913:
25908:
25903:
25898:
25893:
25888:
25883:
25878:
25873:
25868:
25863:
25858:
25853:
25848:
25843:
25838:
25833:
25828:
25823:
25818:
25813:
25808:
25802:
25800:
25793:
25787:
25786:
25779:
25778:
25771:
25764:
25756:
25747:
25746:
25744:
25743:
25738:
25733:
25728:
25722:
25720:
25719:Former members
25716:
25715:
25713:
25712:
25707:
25702:
25697:
25692:
25687:
25682:
25676:
25674:
25670:
25669:
25667:
25666:
25664:United Kingdom
25661:
25656:
25651:
25646:
25641:
25636:
25631:
25626:
25621:
25616:
25611:
25606:
25601:
25596:
25591:
25586:
25581:
25576:
25571:
25566:
25561:
25556:
25551:
25546:
25541:
25536:
25531:
25526:
25521:
25516:
25511:
25506:
25501:
25496:
25491:
25489:Czech Republic
25486:
25481:
25476:
25471:
25466:
25461:
25456:
25451:
25446:
25441:
25435:
25433:
25427:
25426:
25424:
25423:
25421:Pompidou Group
25418:
25413:
25408:
25403:
25398:
25393:
25388:
25383:
25378:
25372:
25370:
25366:
25365:
25358:
25357:
25350:
25343:
25335:
25326:
25325:
25323:
25322:
25311:
25308:
25307:
25305:
25304:
25299:
25294:
25289:
25284:
25279:
25274:
25269:
25263:
25261:
25257:
25256:
25253:
25252:
25250:
25249:
25244:
25239:
25234:
25229:
25223:
25221:
25215:
25214:
25212:
25211:
25206:
25201:
25196:
25191:
25185:
25183:
25177:
25176:
25174:
25173:
25168:
25166:United Kingdom
25163:
25158:
25153:
25147:
25145:
25136:
25130:
25129:
25127:
25126:
25121:
25116:
25110:
25108:
25104:
25103:
25101:
25100:
25095:
25090:
25085:
25080:
25074:
25072:
25066:
25065:
25063:
25062:
25061:
25060:
25055:
25045:
25044:
25043:
25038:
25033:
25022:
25020:
25016:
25015:
25012:United Nations
25004:
25003:
24996:
24989:
24981:
24972:
24971:
24969:
24968:
24963:
24961:United Kingdom
24958:
24953:
24948:
24943:
24938:
24933:
24928:
24923:
24918:
24913:
24908:
24903:
24898:
24896:European Union
24893:
24888:
24883:
24878:
24873:
24868:
24862:
24859:
24858:
24851:
24850:
24843:
24836:
24828:
24819:
24818:
24816:
24815:
24810:
24805:
24800:
24795:
24789:
24787:
24783:
24782:
24780:
24779:
24774:
24769:
24764:
24759:
24753:
24751:
24745:
24744:
24742:
24741:
24739:European Union
24735:
24733:
24732:Representative
24729:
24728:
24726:
24725:
24720:
24718:United Kingdom
24715:
24709:
24704:
24699:
24694:
24689:
24683:
24681:
24677:
24676:
24665:
24664:
24657:
24650:
24642:
24633:
24632:
24616:
24613:
24612:
24610:
24609:
24604:
24599:
24594:
24589:
24584:
24579:
24574:
24569:
24564:
24559:
24554:
24549:
24544:
24539:
24534:
24529:
24524:
24519:
24514:
24509:
24504:
24502:Czech Republic
24499:
24494:
24482:
24477:
24472:
24466:
24464:
24458:
24457:
24450:
24448:
24446:
24445:
24433:
24421:
24408:
24406:
24400:
24399:
24391:
24390:
24383:
24376:
24368:
24359:
24358:
24354:Former members
24346:
24343:
24342:
24335:
24333:
24331:
24330:
24325:
24320:
24315:
24310:
24305:
24300:
24295:
24290:
24285:
24280:
24275:
24270:
24265:
24260:
24255:
24250:
24245:
24240:
24235:
24230:
24225:
24223:Czech Republic
24220:
24215:
24210:
24205:
24200:
24194:
24191:
24190:
24187:European Union
24179:
24178:
24171:
24164:
24156:
24147:
24146:
24144:
24143:
24141:Tyrrhenian Sea
24138:
24133:
24128:
24126:Sea of Marmara
24123:
24118:
24113:
24108:
24103:
24098:
24093:
24088:
24083:
24077:
24075:
24069:
24068:
24066:
24065:
24053:
24045:
24032:
24030:
24023:
24022:
24020:
24019:
24014:
24008:
24006:
24000:
23999:
23997:
23996:
23991:
23986:
23981:
23976:
23971:
23966:
23961:
23956:
23951:
23946:
23941:
23936:
23931:
23926:
23921:
23916:
23911:
23906:
23901:
23896:
23890:
23888:
23882:
23881:
23873:
23872:
23865:
23858:
23850:
23841:
23840:
23838:
23837:
23836:
23835:
23830:
23825:
23815:
23814:
23813:
23803:
23802:
23801:
23791:
23790:
23789:
23784:
23774:
23768:
23765:
23764:
23761:
23760:
23758:
23757:
23752:
23747:
23742:
23737:
23735:Johnston Atoll
23732:
23727:
23725:Howland Island
23722:
23717:
23712:
23710:American Samoa
23706:
23704:
23698:
23697:
23695:
23694:
23688:
23686:
23684:United Kingdom
23680:
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23623:Norfolk Island
23620:
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23491:Highland Papua
23488:
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23229:
23224:
23219:
23217:Canary Islands
23213:
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23201:Savage Islands
23198:
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23120:United Kingdom
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22473:Cayman Islands
22470:
22465:
22460:
22454:
22452:
22451:United Kingdom
22448:
22447:
22445:
22444:
22439:
22434:
22428:
22426:
22422:
22421:
22419:
22418:
22413:
22408:
22406:St. Barthélemy
22403:
22397:
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22390:
22388:
22387:
22381:
22379:
22372:
22366:
22365:
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22356:
22353:
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22347:
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22328:Sint Eustatius
22325:
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22018:
22013:
22008:
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21999:United Kingdom
21996:
21995:
21993:
21992:
21977:
21975:
21971:
21970:
21968:
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21852:United Kingdom
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21751:United Kingdom
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21568:
21566:Czech Republic
21563:
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21553:
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21538:
21533:
21528:
21523:
21518:
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21433:
21412:
21411:
21409:
21402:
21399:
21398:
21369:
21346:
21344:
21343:Atlantic Ocean
21340:
21339:
21337:
21330:
21327:
21326:
21306:
21305:United Kingdom
21295:
21294:United Kingdom
21281:
21278:
21277:
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21271:
21264:
21257:
21249:
21211:
21208:
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21143:
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21133:
21128:
21123:
21118:
21113:
21108:
21103:
21098:
21093:
21092:Cultural icons
21090:
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21065:
21059:
21057:
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20951:
20948:
20947:
20945:
20944:
20939:
20934:
20929:
20924:
20919:
20914:
20912:Stock exchange
20909:
20904:
20899:
20894:
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20884:
20879:
20874:
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20872:
20862:
20857:
20851:
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20767:
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20750:
20744:
20738:
20732:
20731:
20728:
20727:
20725:
20724:
20719:
20714:
20712:National parks
20709:
20704:
20699:
20694:
20689:
20687:Climate change
20684:
20679:
20673:
20667:
20661:
20660:
20657:
20656:
20654:
20653:
20652:
20651:
20646:
20641:
20636:
20631:
20626:
20621:
20616:
20609:Fifth Republic
20606:
20605:
20604:
20594:
20588:
20586:
20582:
20581:
20579:
20578:
20577:
20576:
20571:
20566:
20561:
20551:
20550:
20549:
20535:
20530:
20529:
20528:
20517:Third Republic
20514:
20509:
20504:
20499:
20494:
20488:
20487:
20482:
20477:
20471:
20469:
20463:
20462:
20460:
20459:
20454:
20452:First Republic
20449:
20447:Napoleonic era
20444:
20438:
20436:
20432:
20431:
20429:
20428:
20423:
20418:
20413:
20408:
20403:
20398:
20393:
20388:
20379:
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20355:
20354:
20352:
20351:
20350:
20349:
20339:
20334:
20333:
20332:
20322:
20316:
20314:
20308:
20307:
20305:
20304:
20299:
20294:
20292:Greek colonies
20289:
20283:
20281:
20275:
20274:
20272:
20271:
20266:
20260:
20258:
20254:
20253:
20251:
20250:
20245:
20240:
20235:
20230:
20225:
20220:
20215:
20210:
20204:
20202:
20195:
20189:
20188:
20178:
20177:
20170:
20163:
20155:
20149:
20148:
20142:
20124:
20121:
20120:
20119:
20114:
20108:
20099:
20088:
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20084:
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20078:
20071:
20068:
20067:
20066:
20057:
20042:
20032:
20026:
20017:
20008:
19987:
19973:
19966:
19954:
19937:
19936:
19934:
19933:External links
19931:
19926:Main article:
19923:
19920:
19917:
19916:
19904:
19871:
19853:
19831:
19812:
19798:
19781:
19767:
19747:
19725:
19691:
19679:
19647:
19621:
19606:
19580:
19554:
19533:
19508:
19478:
19457:
19436:
19418:
19396:
19366:
19343:
19336:
19316:
19309:
19289:
19276:Vie Publique,
19263:
19250:
19223:
19203:
19201:2 October 2008
19185:
19163:
19141:
19123:
19105:
19087:
19073:
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18565:
18556:
18530:
18497:
18471:
18448:
18436:www.kent.ac.uk
18423:
18410:
18397:
18371:
18348:
18317:
18281:
18259:
18235:
18205:
18194:on 25 May 2011
18179:
18152:(2): 395–408.
18136:
18117:
18098:
18091:
18072:
18050:
18028:
18021:
18001:
17984:
17958:
17933:
17907:
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17274:
17248:
17236:
17214:
17193:
17183:
17169:
17154:
17147:
17129:
17094:
17064:
17039:
17028:on 16 May 2016
17013:
17000:
16985:
16950:
16928:
16905:
16878:
16860:
16841:
16811:
16779:
16742:(3): e30–e42.
16722:
16682:
16660:
16653:
16631:
16612:
16605:
16583:
16553:
16526:
16508:
16477:
16446:
16427:
16407:
16377:
16370:
16345:
16334:(2): 735–752.
16318:
16300:
16268:
16221:
16202:
16177:
16159:
16144:. World Bank.
16133:
16107:
16076:
16050:
16024:
15998:
15988:on 8 July 2019
15962:
15936:
15925:on 8 July 2017
15910:
15880:
15850:
15820:
15801:
15773:
15747:
15720:
15693:
15658:
15649:
15640:
15637:. p. 232.
15625:
15595:
15565:
15547:
15528:Yeung, Peter.
15520:
15489:
15462:
15450:
15439:on 13 May 2012
15420:
15390:
15360:
15349:on 1 June 2010
15324:
15314:Millau Viaduct
15306:
15289:hydropower.org
15271:
15236:
15206:
15180:
15150:
15113:
15091:
15061:
15035:
15009:
14978:
14948:
14937:on 2 June 2010
14915:
14897:
14870:
14840:
14810:
14780:
14758:
14728:
14698:
14667:
14635:
14613:
14583:
14550:
14520:
14497:
14480:
14450:
14419:
14396:
14373:
14358:
14328:
14306:
14280:
14257:
14221:
14199:
14172:
14141:
14126:
14098:
14072:
14042:
14026:
13996:
13982:
13960:
13940:
13908:
13875:
13848:
13822:
13798:
13772:
13750:
13731:
13700:
13678:
13652:
13622:
13596:
13578:
13547:
13521:
13490:
13471:
13449:
13421:
13396:
13370:
13344:
13322:
13300:
13270:
13240:
13222:
13211:on 13 May 2012
13192:
13166:
13133:
13107:
13081:
13051:
13021:
12991:
12960:
12942:
12912:
12890:
12868:
12838:
12808:
12782:
12764:
12757:
12727:
12694:
12664:
12634:
12604:
12597:
12575:
12543:
12525:
12495:
12429:
12407:
12389:
12359:
12321:
12290:
12260:
12234:
12207:
12174:
12144:
12122:
12099:
12068:
12038:
12020:
12009:on 9 July 2023
11994:
11964:
11935:
11897:
11867:
11813:
11767:
11740:
11727:
11712:
11709:on 9 May 2014.
11690:
11664:
11658:Julian Bourg,
11651:
11633:978-0199241040
11632:
11612:
11593:
11573:
11544:
11522:
11495:(3): 310–321.
11477:
11434:
11414:
11366:
11310:
11303:
11285:
11256:
11230:
11223:
11197:
11174:
11155:
11135:
11128:
11108:
11101:
11082:
11031:
10996:
10970:
10939:
10929:
10916:
10897:
10877:
10847:
10840:
10824:Turchin, Peter
10815:
10790:
10736:
10715:
10693:
10674:
10644:
10617:
10611:. p. 39.
10593:
10567:
10541:
10510:
10484:
10471:
10458:
10445:
10432:
10423:
10407:
10394:
10368:
10359:
10350:
10320:
10307:
10293:
10266:
10247:
10234:
10216:978-1849018128
10215:
10191:
10169:
10162:
10142:
10124:
10110:
10090:
10075:
10057:
10022:
9998:
9972:
9943:
9941:, (2014) p. 29
9937:Jack S. Levy,
9930:
9898:
9875:
9868:
9845:
9809:
9775:
9738:
9708:
9673:
9651:
9608:
9582:
9561:
9529:
9503:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9480:
9479:
9462:
9460:, 29 May 1825.
9445:
9380:
9331:
9327:Time in France
9310:
9301:
9292:
9275:
9262:
9249:
9227:
9226:
9223:
9222:
9205:
9180:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9173:
9172:
9166:
9165:
9151:
9135:
9132:
8970:endurance race
8948:UEFA Euro 2016
8944:UEFA Euro 1984
8900:Tour de France
8888:Tour de France
8876:Main article:
8873:
8870:
8858:Michelin stars
8854:Michelin guide
8835:plat principal
8767:French cuisine
8765:Main article:
8762:
8759:
8603:Main article:
8600:
8597:
8505:French fashion
8503:Main article:
8500:
8497:
8458:Michael Haneke
8454:Anatole Litvak
8440:), Argentina (
8430:Roman Polanski
8418:Nouvelle Vague
8389:, one of the "
8369:Main article:
8366:
8363:
8311:French hip hop
8196:Hector Berlioz
8188:Claude Debussy
8140:Claude Debussy
8129:Main article:
8126:
8123:
8095:existentialist
8070:René Descartes
7940:Les Misérables
7818:Song of Roland
7815:, such as the
7788:Lancelot-Grail
7746:
7743:
7723:Millau Viaduct
7714:Louvre Pyramid
7695:Gustave Eiffel
7675:Palais Garnier
7543:Cathar castles
7537:, the massive
7508:Main article:
7505:
7502:
7455:Georges Braque
7432:Georges Seurat
7416:Auguste Renoir
7346:Claude Lorrain
7287:Main article:
7284:
7281:
7276:Main article:
7273:
7270:
7262:Grandes écoles
7229:Grandes écoles
7166:Main article:
7163:
7160:
7104:Main article:
7101:
7098:
7050:King of France
7042:state religion
6959:Main article:
6956:
6953:
6944:European Union
6870:
6864:
6858:
6832:
6829:
6750:Main article:
6747:
6744:
6733:Gitan (Romani)
6624:Historically,
6618:Main article:
6615:
6612:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6591:
6588:
6583:
6578:
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6408:
6404:
6403:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6353:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6336:
6335:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6269:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6183:
6176:
6168:
6165:
6160:
6096:largest cities
6081:
6078:
6036:European Union
6017:arrondissement
6005:Main article:
6002:
5999:
5955:Luc Montagnier
5931:Henri Poincaré
5912:thermodynamics
5888:published the
5868:, and chemist
5815:René Descartes
5748:
5745:
5719:There are 464
5694:Millau Viaduct
5666:Channel Tunnel
5626:Millau Viaduct
5615:Main article:
5612:
5609:
5554:European Union
5520:
5517:
5450:French Riviera
5323:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5309:French Riviera
5303:
5296:
5295:
5294:
5285:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5269:Main article:
5266:
5263:
5236:Euronext Paris
5174:Bank of France
5150:primary sector
5119:Group of Seven
5115:economic power
5056:Main article:
5053:
5050:
4974:as old as 1881
4960:. Since 1999,
4939:public decency
4835:France uses a
4829:Main article:
4826:
4823:
4643:Armée de Terre
4618:Armée de terre
4612:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4590:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4570:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4554:Main article:
4551:
4548:
4371:(SPC) and the
4353:Main article:
4350:
4347:
4325:collectivity (
4279:Main article:
4276:
4273:
4240:, Guadeloupe,
4205:
4196:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4148:United Kingdom
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4057:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4010:
4005:
3998:
3993:
3986:
3972:
3969:
3941:Main article:
3938:
3935:
3915:National Rally
3883:Gaullist Party
3823:Palais Bourbon
3793:Michel Barnier
3789:Prime Minister
3764:Prime Minister
3759:Michel Barnier
3757:
3750:
3749:
3735:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3698:Main article:
3695:
3692:
3676:national parks
3612:following the
3587:
3584:
3548:Côte d'Albâtre
3544:French Riviera
3501:Massif Central
3473:
3470:
3451:Massif Central
3439:European Union
3371:Atlantic Ocean
3348:Western Europe
3328:
3325:
3320:Main article:
3317:
3314:
3244:European Union
3169:Fifth Republic
3101:
3098:
2985:Central Powers
2957:Main article:
2954:
2951:
2933:British Empire
2907:Third Republic
2770:Main article:
2767:
2764:
2726:After another
2618:Main article:
2615:
2612:
2432:. This forced
2395:
2392:
2284:, clergy, and
2234:
2231:
2204:Middle Francia
2169:Central Europe
2143:, defeated an
2141:Charles Martel
2108:. Clovis made
2030:Celtic culture
2016:, fleeing the
2014:Celtic Britons
2010:Late antiquity
1981:
1978:
1819:
1816:
1732:archaic humans
1724:Main article:
1721:
1718:
1706:Main article:
1703:
1700:
1555:Proto-Germanic
1522:Medieval Latin
1476:Name of France
1474:Main article:
1471:
1468:
1452:Group of Seven
1444:European Union
1442:member of the
1434:. France is a
1406:. France is a
1392:fourth-largest
1361:Fifth Republic
1359:. The current
1143:Atlantic Ocean
1135:United Kingdom
1109:to the north,
1063:Western Europe
1050:
1049:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1002:
1001:
988:
981:
978:
977:
964:
960:
959:
957:
956:
950:
935:
933:
929:
928:
909:
899:
898:
895:low inequality
884:
874:
873:
868:$ 47,359 (
861:
858:
855:
854:
842:
839:
836:
835:
832:
822:
821:
816:$ 60,339 (
809:
806:
803:
802:
790:
787:
784:
783:
780:
766:
765:
758:
756:• Density
755:
752:
751:
739:
736:
733:
732:
727:106.20274/km (
725:
723:• Density
722:
719:
718:
706:
703:
700:
699:
693:
692:
685:
678:
675:
674:
667:
656:
653:
652:
649:
646:
643:
642:
635:
632:
629:
628:
622:
621:
618:
617:
616:4 October 1958
614:
604:
601:
600:
597:
587:
584:
583:
580:
570:
567:
566:
563:
562:
556:
555:
550:
544:
541:
540:
535:
529:
526:
525:
520:
516:
515:
512:
511:
506:
500:
497:
496:
494:Gérard Larcher
491:
485:
482:
481:
479:Michel Barnier
476:
473:Prime Minister
470:
467:
466:
461:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
441:
435:
434:
429:
423:
422:
420:
419:
416:
413:
407:
401:
395:
389:
387:
386:
385:
384:
378:
369:
362:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
348:
346:
345:
339:
332:
330:
323:
322:
317:
309:
308:
272:
269:
265:
264:
258:European Union
256:– in the
247:
246:
232:
222:
209:
199:
198:
195:
194:
180:
179:
123:
111:
110:
107:
92:
91:
84:
77:
76:
70:
63:
62:
61:
58:
57:
42:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
26526:
26515:
26512:
26510:
26507:
26505:
26502:
26500:
26497:
26495:
26492:
26490:
26487:
26485:
26482:
26480:
26477:
26475:
26472:
26470:
26467:
26465:
26462:
26460:
26457:
26455:
26452:
26450:
26447:
26445:
26442:
26441:
26439:
26432:
26429:
26386:
26378:
26377:
26374:
26368:
26365:
26363:
26360:
26359:
26357:
26353:
26347:
26344:
26342:
26339:
26337:
26334:
26332:
26329:
26327:
26324:
26322:
26319:
26317:
26314:
26312:
26309:
26308:
26306:
26302:
26296:
26293:
26291:
26288:
26286:
26283:
26282:
26280:
26276:
26266:
26263:
26262:
26260:
26256:
26250:
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26230:
26227:
26225:
26222:
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26210:
26207:
26205:
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26177:
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26145:
26142:
26140:
26137:
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26134:
26130:
26124:
26121:
26119:
26116:
26114:
26111:
26109:
26106:
26104:
26101:
26100:
26098:
26094:
26088:
26085:
26083:
26082:New Brunswick
26080:
26078:
26075:
26074:
26072:
26068:
26062:
26059:
26057:
26054:
26052:
26049:
26047:
26044:
26042:
26039:
26037:
26034:
26032:
26029:
26027:
26024:
26022:
26019:
26017:
26014:
26012:
26009:
26007:
26004:
26002:
25999:
25997:
25994:
25992:
25989:
25987:
25984:
25982:
25979:
25977:
25974:
25972:
25969:
25967:
25964:
25962:
25959:
25957:
25954:
25952:
25949:
25947:
25944:
25942:
25939:
25937:
25934:
25932:
25931:Guinea-Bissau
25929:
25927:
25924:
25922:
25919:
25917:
25914:
25912:
25909:
25907:
25904:
25902:
25899:
25897:
25894:
25892:
25889:
25887:
25884:
25882:
25879:
25877:
25874:
25872:
25869:
25867:
25864:
25862:
25859:
25857:
25854:
25852:
25849:
25847:
25844:
25842:
25839:
25837:
25834:
25832:
25829:
25827:
25824:
25822:
25819:
25817:
25814:
25812:
25809:
25807:
25804:
25803:
25801:
25797:
25794:
25792:
25788:
25784:
25777:
25772:
25770:
25765:
25763:
25758:
25757:
25754:
25742:
25739:
25737:
25734:
25732:
25729:
25727:
25724:
25723:
25721:
25717:
25711:
25708:
25706:
25705:United States
25703:
25701:
25698:
25696:
25693:
25691:
25688:
25686:
25683:
25681:
25678:
25677:
25675:
25671:
25665:
25662:
25660:
25657:
25655:
25652:
25650:
25647:
25645:
25642:
25640:
25637:
25635:
25632:
25630:
25627:
25625:
25622:
25620:
25617:
25615:
25612:
25610:
25607:
25605:
25602:
25600:
25597:
25595:
25592:
25590:
25587:
25585:
25582:
25580:
25577:
25575:
25572:
25570:
25567:
25565:
25562:
25560:
25557:
25555:
25554:Liechtenstein
25552:
25550:
25547:
25545:
25542:
25540:
25537:
25535:
25532:
25530:
25527:
25525:
25522:
25520:
25517:
25515:
25512:
25510:
25507:
25505:
25502:
25500:
25497:
25495:
25492:
25490:
25487:
25485:
25482:
25480:
25477:
25475:
25472:
25470:
25467:
25465:
25462:
25460:
25457:
25455:
25452:
25450:
25447:
25445:
25442:
25440:
25437:
25436:
25434:
25432:
25428:
25422:
25419:
25417:
25414:
25412:
25409:
25407:
25404:
25402:
25399:
25397:
25394:
25392:
25389:
25387:
25384:
25382:
25379:
25377:
25374:
25373:
25371:
25367:
25363:
25356:
25351:
25349:
25344:
25342:
25337:
25336:
25333:
25321:
25313:
25312:
25309:
25303:
25300:
25298:
25295:
25293:
25290:
25288:
25285:
25283:
25280:
25278:
25275:
25273:
25270:
25268:
25265:
25264:
25262:
25258:
25248:
25245:
25243:
25240:
25238:
25235:
25233:
25230:
25228:
25225:
25224:
25222:
25220:
25216:
25210:
25207:
25205:
25202:
25200:
25197:
25195:
25192:
25190:
25187:
25186:
25184:
25182:
25178:
25172:
25171:United States
25169:
25167:
25164:
25162:
25159:
25157:
25154:
25152:
25149:
25148:
25146:
25144:
25140:
25137:
25135:
25131:
25125:
25122:
25120:
25117:
25115:
25112:
25111:
25109:
25105:
25099:
25096:
25094:
25091:
25089:
25086:
25084:
25081:
25079:
25076:
25075:
25073:
25071:
25067:
25059:
25056:
25054:
25051:
25050:
25049:
25046:
25042:
25039:
25037:
25034:
25032:
25029:
25028:
25027:
25024:
25023:
25021:
25017:
25013:
25009:
25002:
24997:
24995:
24990:
24988:
24983:
24982:
24979:
24967:
24966:United States
24964:
24962:
24959:
24957:
24954:
24952:
24949:
24947:
24944:
24942:
24939:
24937:
24934:
24932:
24929:
24927:
24924:
24922:
24919:
24917:
24914:
24912:
24909:
24907:
24904:
24902:
24899:
24897:
24894:
24892:
24889:
24887:
24884:
24882:
24879:
24877:
24874:
24872:
24869:
24867:
24866:African Union
24864:
24863:
24860:
24856:
24849:
24844:
24842:
24837:
24835:
24830:
24829:
24826:
24814:
24811:
24809:
24806:
24804:
24801:
24799:
24796:
24794:
24791:
24790:
24788:
24784:
24778:
24775:
24773:
24770:
24768:
24765:
24763:
24760:
24758:
24755:
24754:
24752:
24750:
24746:
24740:
24737:
24736:
24734:
24730:
24724:
24723:United States
24721:
24719:
24716:
24713:
24710:
24708:
24705:
24703:
24700:
24698:
24695:
24693:
24690:
24688:
24685:
24684:
24682:
24678:
24674:
24670:
24663:
24658:
24656:
24651:
24649:
24644:
24643:
24640:
24629:
24625:
24621:
24620:UK membership
24614:
24608:
24605:
24603:
24600:
24598:
24595:
24593:
24590:
24588:
24585:
24583:
24580:
24578:
24575:
24573:
24570:
24568:
24565:
24563:
24560:
24558:
24555:
24553:
24550:
24548:
24545:
24543:
24540:
24538:
24535:
24533:
24530:
24528:
24525:
24523:
24520:
24518:
24515:
24513:
24510:
24508:
24505:
24503:
24500:
24498:
24495:
24491:
24486:
24483:
24481:
24478:
24476:
24473:
24471:
24468:
24467:
24465:
24463:
24459:
24454:
24442:
24437:
24434:
24430:
24425:
24424:Liechtenstein
24422:
24418:
24413:
24410:
24409:
24407:
24405:
24401:
24397:
24389:
24384:
24382:
24377:
24375:
24370:
24369:
24366:
24355:
24351:
24344:
24339:
24329:
24326:
24324:
24321:
24319:
24316:
24314:
24311:
24309:
24306:
24304:
24301:
24299:
24296:
24294:
24291:
24289:
24286:
24284:
24281:
24279:
24276:
24274:
24271:
24269:
24266:
24264:
24261:
24259:
24256:
24254:
24251:
24249:
24246:
24244:
24241:
24239:
24236:
24234:
24231:
24229:
24226:
24224:
24221:
24219:
24216:
24214:
24211:
24209:
24206:
24204:
24201:
24199:
24196:
24195:
24192:
24188:
24184:
24183:Member states
24177:
24172:
24170:
24165:
24163:
24158:
24157:
24154:
24142:
24139:
24137:
24134:
24132:
24129:
24127:
24124:
24122:
24119:
24117:
24114:
24112:
24109:
24107:
24106:Levantine Sea
24104:
24102:
24099:
24097:
24094:
24092:
24089:
24087:
24084:
24082:
24079:
24078:
24076:
24074:
24073:Marginal seas
24070:
24061:
24057:
24054:
24049:
24046:
24042:
24037:
24034:
24033:
24031:
24028:
24024:
24018:
24015:
24013:
24010:
24009:
24007:
24005:
24001:
23995:
23992:
23990:
23987:
23985:
23982:
23980:
23977:
23975:
23972:
23970:
23967:
23965:
23962:
23960:
23957:
23955:
23952:
23950:
23947:
23945:
23942:
23940:
23937:
23935:
23932:
23930:
23927:
23925:
23922:
23920:
23917:
23915:
23912:
23910:
23907:
23905:
23902:
23900:
23897:
23895:
23892:
23891:
23889:
23887:
23883:
23879:
23871:
23866:
23864:
23859:
23857:
23852:
23851:
23848:
23834:
23831:
23829:
23826:
23824:
23821:
23820:
23819:
23816:
23812:
23809:
23808:
23807:
23804:
23800:
23797:
23796:
23795:
23792:
23788:
23785:
23783:
23780:
23779:
23778:
23775:
23773:
23770:
23769:
23766:
23756:
23753:
23751:
23748:
23746:
23743:
23741:
23738:
23736:
23733:
23731:
23730:Jarvis Island
23728:
23726:
23723:
23721:
23718:
23716:
23713:
23711:
23708:
23707:
23705:
23703:
23702:United States
23699:
23693:
23690:
23689:
23687:
23685:
23681:
23675:
23672:
23671:
23669:
23667:
23663:
23657:
23654:
23652:
23651:New Caledonia
23649:
23647:
23644:
23642:
23639:
23638:
23636:
23634:
23630:
23624:
23621:
23619:
23616:
23614:
23611:
23609:
23606:
23604:
23601:
23600:
23598:
23596:
23592:
23589:
23586:
23580:
23575:
23569:
23566:
23564:
23561:
23560:
23558:
23555:
23550:
23545:
23529:
23528:Palmyra Atoll
23526:
23524:
23521:
23520:
23519:
23518:United States
23516:
23512:
23509:
23507:
23504:
23502:
23499:
23497:
23494:
23492:
23489:
23487:
23486:Central Papua
23484:
23483:
23482:
23479:
23475:
23472:
23471:
23470:
23467:
23463:
23460:
23458:
23457:Easter Island
23455:
23454:
23453:
23450:
23449:
23447:
23443:
23437:
23434:
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20384:Ancien Régime
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20055:OpenStreetMap
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19619: – Insee
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19595:. 6 July 2019
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19407:. Goodcooking
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19194:The Telegraph
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18997:unifrance.org
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18486:. 7 July 2022
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17746:15 March 2005
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16282:The Economist
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15802:9789280534320
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15163:pris.iaea.org
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14683:(in French).
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14524:
14518:, 28 May 2020
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13992:
13986:
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13925:(in French).
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13714:Credit Suisse
13711:
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13535:
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13509:
13506:(in French).
13505:
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12513:
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12473:
12469:
12465:
12461:
12457:
12453:
12449:
12445:
12441:
12433:
12425:
12422:(in French).
12421:
12417:
12411:
12403:
12399:
12393:
12377:
12373:
12369:
12363:
12347:
12343:
12339:
12335:
12334:The Economist
12331:
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12115:(in French).
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12087:
12083:
12079:
12072:
12056:
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11998:
11982:
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11403:
11384:
11377:
11370:
11354:
11350:
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11320:
11314:
11306:
11304:2-07-073032-8
11300:
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11260:
11244:
11240:
11234:
11226:
11220:
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11201:
11193:
11192:
11191:History Today
11187:
11186:Blanning, Tim
11181:
11179:
11162:
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11152:
11148:
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11139:
11131:
11125:
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11035:
11019:
11015:
11011:
11007:
11000:
10984:
10980:
10974:
10958:
10954:
10950:
10949:"Slave trade"
10943:
10933:
10926:
10920:
10904:
10900:
10894:
10890:
10889:
10881:
10865:
10861:
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10808:
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10794:
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10758:
10754:
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10720:
10711:
10707:
10703:
10697:
10681:
10677:
10671:
10667:
10666:
10661:
10660:Barlow, Julie
10657:
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10649:
10632:
10628:
10624:
10620:
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10597:
10581:
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10571:
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10514:
10498:
10494:
10488:
10481:
10475:
10468:
10462:
10455:
10449:
10442:
10436:
10427:
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10404:
10398:
10382:
10378:
10372:
10363:
10354:
10338:
10334:
10330:
10324:
10317:
10311:
10296:
10290:
10286:
10285:
10269:
10263:
10259:
10258:
10251:
10244:
10238:
10222:
10218:
10212:
10209:. p. 6.
10208:
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10107:
10103:
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10094:
10086:
10082:
10078:
10072:
10068:
10061:
10045:
10041:
10037:
10031:
10029:
10027:
10017:
10010:
10002:
9986:
9982:
9976:
9960:
9956:
9950:
9948:
9940:
9934:
9918:
9911:
9905:
9903:
9894:
9889:
9888:
9879:
9871:
9865:
9861:
9860:
9852:
9850:
9830:
9826:
9819:
9813:
9797:
9793:
9789:
9785:
9779:
9763:
9759:
9755:
9749:
9747:
9745:
9743:
9726:
9722:
9718:
9712:
9696:
9692:
9688:
9682:
9680:
9678:
9669:
9665:
9661:
9655:
9648:
9647:public domain
9629:
9625:
9621:
9615:
9613:
9596:
9592:
9586:
9578:
9571:
9565:
9549:
9545:
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9539:
9533:
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9513:
9507:
9500:
9494:
9490:
9476:
9472:
9466:
9459:
9455:
9449:
9442:
9438:
9434:
9430:
9426:
9422:
9418:
9414:
9410:
9406:
9402:
9398:
9394:
9390:
9384:
9377:
9373:
9369:
9368:New Caledonia
9365:
9361:
9357:
9353:
9352:French Guiana
9349:
9345:
9341:
9335:
9328:
9324:
9321:) to UTC+12 (
9320:
9314:
9305:
9296:
9289:
9285:
9284:Land Register
9279:
9272:
9266:
9259:
9253:
9246:
9242:
9238:
9232:
9228:
9219:
9215:
9209:
9200:
9194:
9185:
9181:
9171:
9168:
9167:
9163:
9162:Europe portal
9152:
9149:
9148:France portal
9138:
9131:
9129:
9125:
9121:
9117:
9116:tournaments.
9115:
9111:
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9100:
9096:
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9083:
9081:
9077:
9073:
9069:
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9061:
9057:
9053:
9049:
9045:
9041:
9037:
9033:
9029:
9025:
9021:
9017:
9013:
9012:Olympic Games
9005:
9001:
8997:
8995:
8991:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8975:
8974:Paris Masters
8971:
8968:
8965:
8961:
8957:
8953:
8949:
8945:
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8937:
8933:
8929:
8925:
8921:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8893:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8869:
8867:
8862:
8859:
8855:
8851:
8846:
8844:
8840:
8836:
8832:
8828:
8824:
8820:
8816:
8813:
8809:
8805:
8801:
8797:
8793:
8789:
8785:
8777:
8773:
8768:
8758:
8755:
8751:
8746:
8745:severe crisis
8742:
8741:
8737:, as well as
8736:
8735:
8734:Charlie Hebdo
8730:
8729:
8724:
8723:
8718:
8717:
8712:
8711:
8706:
8705:
8700:
8699:
8693:
8691:
8690:
8685:
8684:
8679:
8678:
8673:
8672:
8667:
8666:
8661:
8660:
8655:
8654:
8653:Le Télégramme
8649:
8648:
8643:
8642:
8637:
8636:
8631:
8630:
8621:
8617:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8596:
8594:
8590:
8586:
8582:
8578:
8573:
8571:
8567:
8563:
8559:
8555:
8551:
8550:haute couture
8542:
8538:
8533:
8531:
8527:
8526:haute couture
8519:
8518:Place Vendôme
8515:
8511:
8506:
8496:
8494:
8490:
8485:
8483:
8482:United States
8479:
8478:Francis Veber
8475:
8471:
8467:
8463:
8462:Géla Babluani
8459:
8455:
8451:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8435:
8431:
8425:
8423:
8419:
8415:
8411:
8407:
8400:
8396:
8392:
8388:
8384:
8383:
8377:
8372:
8362:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8348:
8344:
8340:
8336:
8332:
8328:
8324:
8320:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8275:
8271:
8270:Pierre Boulez
8267:
8263:
8262:Maurice Ohana
8259:
8255:
8254:
8249:
8248:
8243:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8232:
8227:
8226:
8221:
8217:
8213:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8197:
8193:
8192:Maurice Ravel
8189:
8185:
8184:Gabriel Fauré
8181:
8176:
8174:
8170:
8166:
8162:
8158:
8154:
8150:
8141:
8137:
8132:
8122:
8120:
8116:
8112:
8108:
8107:structuralism
8104:
8100:
8096:
8092:
8088:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8074:Blaise Pascal
8071:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8058:Scholasticism
8054:
8052:
8051:
8046:
8042:
8038:
8034:
8030:
8026:
8025:Marcel Proust
8020:
8018:
8017:
8012:
8011:
8006:
8002:
7998:
7994:
7993:
7988:
7984:
7983:
7978:
7974:
7973:
7968:
7964:
7963:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7948:
7947:
7942:
7941:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7923:
7921:
7917:
7916:Paul Verlaine
7913:
7909:
7905:
7904:
7899:
7898:
7893:
7892:
7887:
7886:
7885:Puss in Boots
7881:
7877:
7873:
7872:
7867:
7866:Denis Diderot
7862:
7860:
7859:
7854:
7850:
7849:
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7840:
7836:
7832:
7828:
7824:
7820:
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7810:
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7724:
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7706:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7683:Second Empire
7680:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7647:Neoclassicism
7644:
7639:
7636:
7632:
7628:
7624:
7623:Les Invalides
7620:
7616:
7612:
7607:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7580:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7561:Île-de-France
7558:
7554:
7550:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7511:
7501:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7486:Musée d'Orsay
7483:
7478:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7459:Pablo Picasso
7456:
7451:
7449:
7445:
7441:
7440:Henri Matisse
7437:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7404:Édouard Manet
7401:
7397:
7393:
7392:Impressionism
7388:
7386:
7382:
7378:
7374:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7354:
7349:
7347:
7343:
7339:
7335:
7331:
7327:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7303:
7302:Impressionist
7299:
7295:
7290:
7279:
7269:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7242:Polytechnique
7239:
7235:
7231:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7218:
7214:
7210:
7205:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7188:in the world.
7187:
7183:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7159:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7144:
7142:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7125:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7075:
7069:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6975:
6971:
6967:
6962:
6952:
6949:
6945:
6940:
6938:
6932:
6924:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6906:
6902:
6898:
6894:
6890:
6886:
6883:derived from
6882:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6828:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6807:In 2008, the
6805:
6803:
6799:
6794:
6786:
6782:
6778:
6774:
6773:Calais Jungle
6769:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6753:
6743:
6742:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6689:
6686:
6682:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6626:French people
6621:
6620:French people
6614:Ethnic groups
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6529:Saint-Étienne
6527:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6280:Île-de-France
6278:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6189:
6184:
6182:
6177:
6175:
6170:
6169:
6163:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6126:(1,031,953),
6125:
6122:(1,393,764),
6121:
6118:(1,490,640),
6117:
6114:(1,521,660),
6113:
6110:(1,888,788),
6109:
6106:(2,308,818),
6105:
6101:
6098:(in terms of
6097:
6091:
6087:
6077:
6075:
6069:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6018:
6013:
6008:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5951:Paul Langevin
5948:
5947:radioactivity
5944:
5940:
5936:
5933:; physicists
5932:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5916:Louis Pasteur
5913:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5823:Blaise Pascal
5820:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5780:
5776:
5775:French Guiana
5772:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5754:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5737:Canal du Midi
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5710:air pollution
5707:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5618:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5593:
5589:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5561:
5559:
5558:nuclear power
5555:
5551:
5547:
5539:
5538:nuclear power
5535:
5531:
5526:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5489:
5488:
5482:
5481:green tourism
5478:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5414:Impressionism
5411:
5410:Musée d'Orsay
5407:
5403:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5391:Musée Picasso
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5310:
5306:
5300:
5289:
5282:
5272:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5232:NYSE Euronext
5229:
5225:
5221:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5166:
5165:protectionist
5162:
5158:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5081:France has a
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5059:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4970:LGBT adoption
4967:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4927:religious law
4923:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4901:ex post facto
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4869:
4864:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4832:
4831:Law of France
4822:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4751:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4735:medium-range
4734:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4684:Crédit Suisse
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4635:
4630:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4587:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4557:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4427:
4423:
4418:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4327:New Caledonia
4324:
4323:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4238:French Guiana
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4211:
4208:Mediterranean
4203:
4202:
4194:
4193:
4185:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4127:Liechtenstein
4122:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4073:French Guiana
4069:
4064:
4055:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4008:
4003:
3996:
3991:
3984:
3978:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3961:New Caledonia
3958:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3934:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3785:head of state
3782:
3778:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3680:natural parks
3677:
3673:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3620:conducted by
3619:
3615:
3611:
3610:nuclear power
3607:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3493:Paleozoic Era
3490:
3483:
3478:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3393:in the east,
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3288:Charlie Hebdo
3284:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3262:, often male
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3200:Eastern blocs
3197:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3173:Évian Accords
3170:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3129:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2887:Second Empire
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2871:July Monarchy
2868:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2832:metric system
2828:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2805:French Empire
2802:
2798:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2680:in June. The
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2665:Ancien Régime
2661:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2588:Enlightenment
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2438:British Isles
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2401:
2400:Ancien régime
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2314:lingua franca
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2273:domaine royal
2269:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:Salian Franks
2038:
2033:
2032:was revived.
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1955:Constantine I
1952:
1948:
1944:
1941:(present-day
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1927:Vercingetorix
1924:
1923:Julius Caesar
1920:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1903:Roman temples
1900:
1897:(present-day
1896:
1892:
1888:
1887:Maison carrée
1883:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:(present-day
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1812:Carnac stones
1809:
1805:
1802:, then later
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769: 18,000
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1750:cave painting
1747:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1715:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1671:
1670:
1662:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
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414:
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396:
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25710:EU relations
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25093:Peacekeeping
25070:Organization
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24941:Saudi Arabia
24900:
24777:South Africa
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24521:
24441:EU relations
24429:EU relations
24417:EU relations
24242:
24136:Thracian Sea
24121:Sea of Crete
24116:Ligurian Sea
24096:Balearic Sea
24081:Adriatic Sea
24027:Dependencies
23923:
23828:Insular area
23745:Midway Atoll
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23715:Baker Island
23632:
23579:Dependencies
23563:Cook Islands
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23001:South Africa
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21040:Social class
20998:Homelessness
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20812:criminal law
20775:Human rights
20758:presidential
20602:Algerian War
20585:Contemporary
20559:Vichy France
20554:World War II
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20359:Early Modern
20330:West Francia
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7780:
7773:
7717:district is
7710:Le Corbusier
7707:
7703:Eiffel Tower
7671:Napoleon III
7667:Empire-style
7640:
7608:
7588:Loire Valley
7581:
7556:
7551:
7528:
7504:Architecture
7490:Gare d'Orsay
7479:
7467:Marc Chagall
7452:
7444:André Derain
7424:Paul Gauguin
7420:Paul Cézanne
7412:Claude Monet
7389:
7350:
7322:Jean Fouquet
7307:
7298:Claude Monet
7261:
7258:Grands Corps
7227:
7221:
7206:
7196:created the
7191:
7151:
7145:
7121:
7093:
7070:
7065:
7053:
7045:
7036:
7024:Christianity
6985:
6979:
6941:
6925:
6878:
6825:
6806:
6790:
6758:
6755:
6690:
6684:
6678:
6666:Scandinavian
6623:
6156:Rural flight
6093:
6080:Major cities
6074:foreign-born
6070:
6055:
6040:
6021:
6001:Demographics
5949:; physicist
5928:
5920:microbiology
5891:Encyclopédie
5889:
5855:
5853:in history.
5784:
5718:
5674:
5635:
5585:
5562:
5543:
5474:
5470:Loire Valley
5465:
5458:Paris Region
5453:
5426:Claude Monet
5399:
5367:Pont du Gard
5351:Eiffel Tower
5344:
5288:Eiffel Tower
5259:EU subsidies
5251:
5217:
5198:
5185:
5182:
5178:Paris Region
5154:
5135:
5080:
5019:
5006:
5002:constitution
4986:antisemitism
4962:civil unions
4955:
4950:
4942:
4924:
4917:
4899:
4888:criminal law
4873:
4834:
4807:
4798:
4790:
4784:
4771:
4765:
4759:
4749:
4745:Mirage 2000N
4731:
4721:
4714:
4700:
4698:since 1997.
4696:conscription
4671:
4663:
4656:Armée de Mer
4655:
4651:
4625:
4616:tank of the
4591:
4529:
4508:Françafrique
4506:
4500:
4485:
4467:. Since the
4462:
4431:
4395:
4358:
4320:
4309:Saint Martin
4294:
4254:
4224:), and five
4215:
4207:
4198:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4023:Val de Loire
3946:
3931:
3897:(1976), the
3893:(1958), the
3889:(1947), the
3872:
3865:
3853:
3835:
3791:, currently
3779:, currently
3774:
3704:France is a
3703:
3668:
3630:
3603:
3541:
3529:Rhône Valley
3486:
3459:
3436:
3356:
3287:
3280:
3276:assimilation
3237:
3222:, favouring
3189:
3162:
3131:
3125:
3117:World War II
3100:1946–present
3040:
3016:Nazi Germany
3009:
2997:annual leave
2974:
2938:Belle Époque
2936:
2922:
2864:
2852:brief return
2850:. After his
2829:
2797:First Consul
2794:
2725:
2698:
2663:
2658:
2639:
2574:
2539:
2532:
2497:
2462:
2422:Italian Wars
2407:
2366:
2331:
2312:
2300:
2290:
2272:
2266:was crowned
2261:
2212:
2208:West Francia
2200:East Francia
2180:Pope Leo III
2173:
2099:
2093:
2088:divine right
2034:
2007:
1949:attacked by
1937:, including
1908:
1847:founded the
1835:
1788:agricultural
1785:
1745:Homo sapiens
1743:
1736:Neanderthals
1729:
1572:
1565:
1550:
1525:
1508:
1485:
1479:
1464:Francophonie
1462:(OECD), and
1373:
1357:Algerian War
1345:was occupied
1325:Belle Époque
1313:Napoleon III
1274:
1218:West Francia
1175:
1093:, giving it
1091:Indian Ocean
1058:
1054:
1053:
1030:Internet TLD
1006:Calling code
840:• Total
788:• Total
746:66,142,961 (
633:• Total
367:Christianity
326:Nationality
249:
183:
114:
96:Motto:
95:
86:Coat of arms
33:
26469:G20 members
26423: /
26346:LGBT rights
26239:South Korea
26041:Switzerland
26021:Saint Lucia
25941:Ivory Coast
25649:Switzerland
25589:Netherlands
25237:South Korea
25209:Switzerland
25036:Chapter VII
24951:South Korea
24808:G4 (Europe)
24714:(suspended)
24572:Netherlands
24293:Netherlands
24091:Alboran Sea
23755:Wake Island
23666:New Zealand
23585:territories
23501:South Papua
23401:New Zealand
23175:Pantelleria
23095:territories
23063:recognition
23006:South Sudan
22896:Ivory Coast
22499:Puerto Rico
22425:Netherlands
22253:Saint Lucia
22203:El Salvador
22163:The Bahamas
21941:sovereignty
21939:of internal
21919:Isle of Man
21820:territories
21778:recognition
21736:Switzerland
21671:Netherlands
21388:Switzerland
21234: /
21188:WikiProject
21003:Immigration
20993:Health care
20855:Agriculture
20807:enforcement
20564:Free France
20533:World War I
20480:Restoration
20467:Late Modern
20337:Middle Ages
20312:Middle Ages
20297:Celtic Gaul
20145:FranceGuide
20106:(in French)
19897:26 February
19640:11 February
19614:(in French)
19547:7 September
19526:7 September
19274:(in French)
19175:Presse News
19171:(in French)
19149:(in French)
19114:"Le Figaro"
18972:(in French)
18863:Scott, A.O.
18845:larousse.fr
18523:16 December
18367:Global Post
18188:"Montaigne"
17992:(in French)
17941:(in French)
17848:(in French)
17775:(in French)
17733:(in French)
17682:(in French)
17596:(in French)
17574:(in French)
17408:11 November
17355:photius.com
17293:11 February
17047:(in French)
16993:(in French)
16941:Le Monde.fr
16898:14 December
16715:14 December
16230:Yazid Sabeg
15903:2 September
15873:2 September
15843:2 September
15766:13 December
15740:25 November
15713:14 November
15578:La Provence
15458:(in French)
14961:CÔTE D'AZUR
14351:10 February
14134:(in French)
14118:18 February
13806:(in French)
13758:(in French)
13445:Géoéconomie
12450:(1): 5978.
12420:lepapier.fr
12200:14 December
11910:The Matador
11890:19 November
11860:19 November
11836:19 November
11425:Colonialism
10637:16 November
10533:14 December
10478:Carpentier
10465:Carpentier
10452:Carpentier
10439:Carpentier
10417:Carpentier
10401:Carpentier
10314:Carpentier
10241:Carpentier
9802:25 November
9758:www.imf.org
9554:9 September
9120:Rugby union
9068:Albertville
8978:French Open
8960:Saint-Denis
8916:rugby union
8833:(starter),
8794:in Alsace,
8740:Paris Match
8701:, centrist
8683:Le Parisien
8448:), Russia (
8315:French rock
8283:, known as
8256:(1959) for
8242:harpsichord
8240:(1928) for
8216:avant-garde
8103:Simone Weil
7967:Jules Verne
7809:langue d'oc
7776:Middle Ages
7766:, a French
7764:Victor Hugo
7739:Paul Andreu
7727:Jean Nouvel
7643:Republicans
7519:Saint Louis
7408:Edgar Degas
7338:Baroque era
7330:Primaticcio
7318:Renaissance
7314:Italian art
7310:Flemish art
7219:countries.
7202:Jules Ferry
7182:Nobel Prize
7074:Scientology
7058:Gallicanism
7048:), and the
7038:Catholicism
7012:Catholicism
7008:Lutheranism
6990:, a strict
6976:until 1825.
6855:Francophone
6853:Map of the
6817:citizenship
6760:pieds noirs
6746:Immigration
6654:Middle Ages
6547:Montpellier
6199:2021 census
6132:Montpellier
6130:(864,993),
5975:Telesurgery
5943:Marie Curie
5918:pioneering
5908:Sadi Carnot
5827:probability
5787:Middle Ages
5723:in France.
5670:underground
5454:Côte d'Azur
5397:(362,000).
5395:Carcassonne
5389:(500,000),
5387:Puy de Dôme
5385:(549,000),
5381:(683,000),
5111:nominal GDP
4990:Gayssot Act
4958:LGBT rights
4935:sodomy laws
4876:private law
4849:rule of law
4837:civil legal
4666:), and the
4648:French Navy
4638:French Army
4614:AMX Leclerc
4513:Ivory Coast
4367:(WTO), the
4322:sui generis
4230:departments
4220:(including
4120:Switzerland
4063:Côte d'Azur
4049:Rhône-Alpes
3901:(2007) and
3858:upper house
3846:lower house
3656:Natura 2000
3586:Environment
3525:Paris Basin
3443:Adélie Land
3391:Switzerland
3190:During the
3163:During the
3113:Free French
3043:75,000 Jews
3032:Free France
2975:France was
2923:France had
2670:convocation
2442:Switzerland
2420:during the
2388:Black Death
2384:Joan of Arc
2252:French Army
2248:Joan of Arc
2174:Proclaimed
2161:Charlemagne
1974:Burgundians
1921:in French.
1891:Gallo-Roman
1868:Roman Italy
1836:In 600 BC,
1764:, dated to
1484:, the name
1424:great power
1398:and is the
1333:World War I
1115:Switzerland
916: 0.910
547:Lower house
532:Upper house
519:Legislature
299: /
26438:Categories
26214:Mozambique
26209:Montenegro
26036:Seychelles
25976:Mauritania
25966:Madagascar
25956:Luxembourg
25861:Cape Verde
25619:San Marino
25584:Montenegro
25564:Luxembourg
25459:Azerbaijan
25204:Mozambique
25124:UN Mandate
25048:Resolution
24680:G8 members
24618:See also:
24562:Luxembourg
24348:See also:
24283:Luxembourg
24111:Libyan Sea
24101:Ionian Sea
24086:Aegean Sea
23964:Montenegro
23511:West Papua
23391:Micronesia
23082:Somaliland
22986:Seychelles
22951:Mozambique
22936:Mauritania
22921:Madagascar
22876:The Gambia
22810:Cape Verde
22478:Montserrat
22411:St. Martin
22306:Martinique
22301:Guadeloupe
22183:Costa Rica
21706:San Marino
21666:Montenegro
21646:Luxembourg
21626:Kazakhstan
21531:Azerbaijan
21325:Luxembourg
21131:Philosophy
21116:Literature
21028:secularism
20824:Parliament
20619:2005 riots
20569:Liberation
20435:Revolution
20302:Roman Gaul
20287:Prehistory
20243:Journalism
20087:Government
19990:Audio help
19981:2023-04-08
19946:hours and
19718:12 January
19501:30 October
18876:4 December
18741:11 January
17977:10 October
17900:13 January
17586:. Sénat.fr
17191:1254–1255.
16834:20 January
16643:. p.
16493:. Boston.
16126:20 January
16069:20 January
16043:19 January
16017:19 January
15929:22 January
15813:17 October
15674:(1): 1–6.
15319:Structurae
15299:5 February
15264:5 February
15173:5 February
15143:5 February
15084:5 February
15054:5 February
15028:10 October
15002:10 October
14971:23 January
14833:13 January
14793:globalEDGE
14751:29 October
14660:29 January
14543:28 October
14299:1 November
14250:16 January
14192:31 January
14065:28 October
14019:28 October
13888:20 minutes
13712:(Report).
13441:Cairn.info
13293:30 October
13201:"2085rank"
13014:24 January
12984:24 January
12657:16 October
12627:27 October
11806:12 January
11787:11 January
11760:30 January
11639:13 January
11392:14 October
11359:16 October
11024:24 January
10963:24 January
10387:23 January
10300:23 January
10273:23 January
10020:And so on.
10005:Examples:
9965:28 October
9731:2 February
9701:2 February
9634:1 November
9601:11 October
9485:References
9348:Martinique
9344:Guadeloupe
9114:Grand Slam
9082:in Paris.
8982:Grand Slam
8967:sports car
8934:, and the
8866:French rum
8792:choucroute
8680:(sports),
8659:Le Progrès
8470:Luc Besson
8442:Gaspar Noé
8382:Palme d'Or
8359:Shaka Ponk
8335:Mano Negra
8331:Noir Désir
8291:Édith Piaf
8231:Les biches
8212:Erik Satie
7977:Émile Zola
7891:Cinderella
7848:Heptameron
7839:picaresque
7719:La Défense
7289:French art
7232:, such as
7186:per capita
7184:laureates
7126:is one of
7084:, and the
7030:, 0.5% to
6911:dialect),
6721:Portuguese
6662:Aquitanian
6513:Strasbourg
6284:13,171,056
6128:Strasbourg
6090:Urban unit
6084:See also:
5886:D'Alembert
5878:combustion
5817:pioneered
5785:Since the
5781:pictured).
5729:Air France
5592:Hydropower
5563:Since the
5468:) and the
5424:murals by
5422:Water Lily
5205:innovative
5067:La Défense
4992:prohibits
4880:public law
4845:common law
4722:Triomphant
4688:of its GDP
4481:militarily
4426:Strasbourg
4242:Martinique
4106:Luxembourg
4083:Martinique
4078:Guadeloupe
4012:Bourgogne-
3965:Clipperton
3801:government
3721:Government
3714:referendum
3637:carbon tax
3590:See also:
3533:Mont Blanc
3383:Luxembourg
3340:Mont Blanc
3281:Since the
2858:, and the
2821:Austerlitz
2787:, built a
2660:Its causes
2608:legitimacy
2546:New France
2504:The Fronde
2465:Louis XIII
2309:Old French
2264:Hugh Capet
2237:See also:
2133:lost power
2084:hereditary
1998:See also:
1951:barbarians
1832:Roman Gaul
1808:megalithic
1530:Late Latin
1513:Old French
1422:. It is a
1394:number of
1384:philosophy
1107:Luxembourg
891: 29.8
697:Population
523:Parliament
439:Government
427:Demonym(s)
393:Irreligion
250:– in
26509:Republics
26199:Louisiana
26194:Lithuania
26139:Argentina
26132:Observers
25981:Mauritius
25673:Observers
25559:Lithuania
25267:Elections
25219:2024–2025
25181:2023–2024
25143:Permanent
25031:Chapter V
24916:Indonesia
24876:Australia
24871:Argentina
24557:Lithuania
24278:Lithuania
24048:Gibraltar
24017:Palestine
23595:Australia
23481:Indonesia
23371:Australia
23093:Dependent
22941:Mauritius
22648:Venezuela
22593:Argentina
22576:Sovereign
22385:Greenland
22335:Venezuela
22238:Nicaragua
22213:Guatemala
21869:Gibraltar
21818:Dependent
21641:Lithuania
20988:Education
20942:Transport
20792:Judiciary
20753:Elections
20707:Mountains
20665:Geography
20411:Louis XIV
20201:Overviews
20093:France.fr
20031:at the EU
19713:0261-3077
19451:The Times
18895:. UNESCO.
18727:rfi Music
18549:30 August
18490:30 August
18466:1538-1617
18441:30 August
18390:30 August
18341:28 August
18174:163972746
17696:Le Figaro
17667:4 October
17626:4 October
17469:1 January
17331:6 January
17077:gesis.org
16756:0090-0036
16501:15 August
16470:22 August
16400:22 August
16152:27 August
15955:21 August
15604:"Funding"
15353:7 October
15229:8 January
15199:8 January
14986:Foucher.
14941:7 October
14606:28 August
14576:28 August
14473:28 August
13898:6 January
13862:L'express
13645:20 August
13504:Le Figaro
13309:"History"
13100:1 January
13074:27 August
13004:France 24
12801:27 August
12720:27 August
12472:2041-1723
12382:7 January
12352:20 August
12342:0013-0613
12167:20 August
11517:153591784
10785:161389883
10769:0080-4401
10755:: 69–88.
10014:"frank".
10007:"frank".
9458:Charles X
9452:The last
9095:Les Bleus
9085:Both the
8856:, awards
8812:provençal
8788:cassoulet
8784:olive oil
8704:L'Express
8689:Les Echos
8671:Le Figaro
8635:Sud Ouest
8615:Le Figaro
8589:Kering SA
8554:couturier
8541:Louis XIV
8391:Big Three
8385:from the
8299:Léo Ferré
8208:atonality
8117:works by
8097:works of
7903:Bluebeard
7645:favoured
7602:, or the
7396:Symbolism
7385:Academism
7238:HEC Paris
7192:In 1802,
7162:Education
7004:local law
6715:, namely
6670:Alemannic
6552:Occitania
6518:Grand Est
6488:1,031,953
6466:Grand Est
6454:1,393,764
6420:1,490,640
6416:Occitania
6386:1,521,660
6352:1,888,788
6343:Marseille
6318:2,308,818
6108:Marseille
6047:baby boom
5870:Lavoisier
5843:Louis XIV
5733:Marseille
5636:France's
5611:Transport
5503:on their
5464:(French:
5452:(French:
5186:Dirigisme
4933:laws and
4931:blasphemy
4884:civil law
4857:Louis XIV
4402:democracy
4343:CFP franc
4059:Provence-
4054:Occitania
4047:Auvergne-
4042:Aquitaine
4040:Nouvelle-
4007:Grand Est
3988:Hauts-de-
3856:) and an
3842:bicameral
3795:, is the
3783:, is the
3742:President
3552:Languedoc
3432:temperate
3363:North Sea
3316:Geography
3158:Pied-Noir
3147:Viet Minh
2825:Bonaparte
2811:declared
2752:Consulate
2748:Directory
2576:Louis XVI
2548:and most
2534:Code Noir
2516:courtiers
2500:Louis XIV
2488:Louis XIV
2434:Huguenots
2362:Aquitaine
2307:, making
2297:Holy Land
2286:commoners
2225:in 1066,
2219:feudalism
2186:with the
2135:to their
1970:Visigoths
1964:resumed.
1861:chieftain
1857:Marseille
1781:sedentary
1777:Neolithic
1567:francisca
1470:Etymology
1270:Louis XIV
1262:Huguenots
1258:Catholics
1224:. In the
1196:. In the
1184:known as
1155:North Sea
963:Time zone
953:CFP franc
920:very high
830:(nominal)
458:President
382:Christian
380:3% Other
356:Religion
26420:47°N 2°E
26385:Category
26341:TV5Monde
26265:Thailand
26234:Slovenia
26229:Slovakia
25896:Dominica
25891:Djibouti
25851:Cameroon
25846:Cambodia
25831:Bulgaria
25685:Holy See
25634:Slovenia
25629:Slovakia
25609:Portugal
25474:Bulgaria
25391:Congress
25320:Category
25247:Slovenia
25107:Missions
24786:See also
24597:Slovenia
24592:Slovakia
24582:Portugal
24480:Bulgaria
24318:Slovenia
24313:Slovakia
24303:Portugal
24208:Bulgaria
23974:Slovenia
23381:Kiribati
23271:Category
23189:Portugal
23041:Zimbabwe
23016:Tanzania
22866:Ethiopia
22861:Eswatini
22840:Djibouti
22805:Cameroon
22790:Botswana
22638:Suriname
22628:Paraguay
22613:Colombia
22458:Anguilla
22284:Colombia
22223:Honduras
22193:Dominica
22168:Barbados
22076:Category
22061:Holy See
22011:Scotland
21981:Svalbard
21966:of 1921)
21902:Guernsey
21897:Alderney
21787:Abkhazia
21721:Slovenia
21716:Slovakia
21691:Portugal
21551:Bulgaria
21231:47°N 2°E
21178:Category
21111:Language
21023:Religion
20968:Abortion
20922:Taxation
20819:Military
20780:Intersex
20770:Politics
20736:Politics
20538:Interwar
20233:Economic
20228:Language
20213:Timeline
20135:Archived
19992: ·
19824:Archived
19742: –
19389:9 August
19281:Archived
19239:. London
19215:Archived
19178:Archived
19156:Archived
19102:Deloitte
18709:ローチケHMV
18668:AllMusic
18517:Archived
18512:Prospect
18359:Archived
18335:Archived
18306:cite web
18166:20061415
18128:Archived
18065:9 August
18061:. UNESCO
18043:9 August
17999:France!"
17951:Archived
17946: –
17855:Archived
17782:Archived
17760:Archived
17740:Archived
17712:Archived
17694: –
17688:Archived
17658:Archived
17620:Archived
17580:Archived
17553:Archived
17524:Archived
17463:Archived
17437:Archived
17349:Archived
17325:Archived
17287:Archived
17223:"France"
17087:24 April
17081:Archived
17059: –
17053:Archived
16972:Archived
16968:SudOuest
16945:Archived
16855:Archived
16828:Archived
16795:Archived
16793:. 2017.
16774:23327250
16706:Archived
16570:Archived
16566:ABC News
16540:Archived
16495:Archived
16464:Archived
16394:Archived
16293:25 April
16287:Archived
16252:Archived
16146:Archived
16120:Archived
16095:archived
16037:Archived
16011:Archived
15949:Archived
15867:Archived
15837:Archived
15807:Archived
15760:Archived
15734:Archived
15707:Archived
15688:17584595
15618:26 March
15612:Archived
15534:Archived
15507:Archived
15476:Archived
15407:Archived
15293:Archived
15285:"France"
15258:Archived
15254:Statista
15223:Archived
15215:"France"
15167:Archived
15137:Archived
15110:Eurostat
15102:Archived
15078:Archived
15048:Archived
15022:Archived
14996:Archived
14861:Archived
14827:Archived
14823:Statista
14797:Archived
14745:Archived
14685:Archived
14651:Archived
14624:Archived
14600:Archived
14570:Archived
14537:Archived
14508:Archived
14467:Archived
14443:18 March
14437:Archived
14407:Archived
14384:Archived
14345:Archived
14317:Archived
14293:Archived
14268:Archived
14186:Archived
14159:Archived
14155:PinkNews
14085:Archived
14059:Archived
14013:Archived
13971:Archived
13952:Archived
13927:Archived
13892:Archived
13815:Archived
13785:Archived
13764:Archived
13742:Archived
13692:Archived
13665:Archived
13663:. OECD.
13639:Archived
13615:9 August
13565:Archived
13561:Le Monde
13534:Archived
13508:Archived
13433:Archived
13407:Archived
13357:Archived
13287:Archived
13068:Archived
13038:Archived
13034:Politico
13008:Archived
12978:Archived
12974:France24
12955:Archived
12855:Archived
12851:Politico
12825:Archived
12777:Archived
12714:Archived
12512:Archived
12508:Parks.it
12490:33293507
12424:Archived
12346:Archived
12308:Archived
12277:Archived
12223:. London
12117:Archived
11987:9 August
11981:Archived
11914:Archived
11884:Archived
11854:Archived
11830:Archived
11800:Archived
11599:Archived
11464:Archived
11440:Archived
11412:(French)
11402:cite web
11349:"France"
11334:Archived
11269:Archived
11243:Archived
11161:Archived
11044:Archived
11018:Archived
10957:Archived
10903:Archived
10864:Archived
10826:(2003).
10801:(1987).
10729:(1959).
10680:Archived
10662:(2008).
10631:Archived
10627:2874232M
10519:"France"
10337:Archived
10227:19 April
10221:Archived
10085:59830199
10044:Archived
9959:Archived
9838:13 March
9829:Archived
9796:Archived
9792:Eurostat
9768:16 April
9725:Archived
9695:Archived
9595:Archived
9548:Archived
9516:Archived
9288:glaciers
9212:French:
9134:See also
9089:and the
9060:Grenoble
9052:Chamonix
9032:Lausanne
8988:include
8976:and the
8920:pétanque
8904:football
8815:tapenade
8808:Burgundy
8710:Le Point
8677:L'Équipe
8665:Le Monde
8577:Deloitte
8566:Givenchy
8546:couture
8347:Superbus
8113:and the
8087:Voltaire
8062:Humanism
8005:Stendhal
7821:and the
7768:Romantic
7438:artists
7375:such as
7369:Napoleon
7304:movement
7194:Napoleon
7032:Buddhism
6955:Religion
6921:Corsican
6913:Alsatian
6831:Language
6813:Maghrebi
6674:Ligurian
6646:Germanic
6606:456,452
6586:Brittany
6572:478,105
6568:Normandy
6538:500,562
6504:508,699
6470:508,793
6445:Bordeaux
6436:522,597
6411:Toulouse
6402:581,948
6368:626,218
6334:709,065
6330:Normandy
6300:722,904
6291:Grenoble
6120:Bordeaux
6116:Toulouse
5959:HIV AIDS
5821:, while
5779:Ariane 5
5721:airports
5678:road tax
5654:Eurostar
5507:, or to
5501:pilgrims
5466:châteaux
5338:in 1979.
5255:farmland
5230:to form
5224:Euronext
5157:eurozone
5138:services
5121:leading
4998:abortion
4841:case law
4811:Dassault
4550:Military
4454:Interpol
4265:communes
4226:overseas
4199:Ligurian
4169:Suriname
4035:Brittany
4030:la Loire
4028:Pays de
4014:Franche-
3995:Normandy
3694:Politics
3626:Columbia
3576:Dordogne
3572:Camargue
3513:Ardennes
3455:Pyrenees
3336:Chamonix
3252:eurozone
3233:Gaullist
3228:May 1968
3214:cordial
3212:restored
3192:Cold War
3096:system.
2781:Napoleon
2760:Napoleon
2742:, which
2692:, and a
2562:Lorraine
2542:Louis XV
2446:Henry IV
2350:Pyrenees
2346:Touraine
2293:Crusades
2282:nobility
2250:led the
2122:Soissons
2076:elective
2053:Germanic
2037:Clovis I
2026:Brittany
2022:Armorica
1966:Teutonic
1939:Lugdunum
1931:Augustus
1919:Provence
1905:anywhere
1895:Nemausus
1893:city of
1876:ransomed
1853:Massalia
1758:Pyrenees
1754:Dordogne
1690:such as
1534:Frankish
1458:(NATO),
1448:eurozone
1446:and the
1436:founding
1388:It hosts
1256:between
1252:and the
1178:Iron Age
1153:and the
1089:and the
1069:include
932:Currency
681:Cadastre
443:Unitary
405:Buddhism
26355:Related
26304:Culture
26249:Uruguay
26244:Ukraine
26219:Ontario
26179:Ireland
26174:Hungary
26169:Georgia
26154:Croatia
26144:Austria
26061:Vietnam
26056:Vanuatu
26051:Tunisia
26031:Senegal
26011:Romania
25996:Morocco
25986:Moldova
25951:Lebanon
25876:Comoros
25841:Burundi
25821:Belgium
25816:Armenia
25811:Andorra
25806:Albania
25799:Members
25791:Members
25659:Ukraine
25614:Romania
25574:Moldova
25539:Ireland
25534:Iceland
25529:Hungary
25519:Germany
25514:Georgia
25504:Finland
25499:Estonia
25494:Denmark
25479:Croatia
25464:Belgium
25454:Austria
25449:Armenia
25444:Andorra
25439:Albania
25431:Members
25260:Related
25227:Algeria
25189:Ecuador
25134:Members
25010:of the
24906:Germany
24813:G4 (UN)
24697:Germany
24587:Romania
24542:Ireland
24537:Hungary
24527:Germany
24517:Finland
24512:Estonia
24507:Denmark
24485:Croatia
24475:Belgium
24470:Austria
24412:Iceland
24308:Romania
24263:Ireland
24258:Hungary
24248:Germany
24238:Finland
24233:Estonia
24228:Denmark
24213:Croatia
24203:Belgium
24198:Austria
24185:of the
24063:(Spain)
24060:Melilla
23989:Tunisia
23969:Morocco
23944:Lebanon
23909:Croatia
23899:Algeria
23894:Albania
23674:Tokelau
23469:Ecuador
23445:In part
23436:Vanuatu
23330:Oceania
23248:Socotra
23227:Melilla
23196:Madeira
23159:Réunion
23154:Mayotte
23026:Tunisia
22996:Somalia
22981:Senegal
22966:Nigeria
22956:Namibia
22946:Morocco
22911:Liberia
22906:Lesotho
22856:Eritrea
22825:Comoros
22800:Burundi
22775:Algeria
22657:In part
22643:Uruguay
22618:Ecuador
22598:Bolivia
22463:Bermuda
22437:Curaçao
22378:Denmark
22318:Bonaire
22277:In part
22228:Jamaica
22208:Grenada
22006:England
21949:Finland
21829:Denmark
21746:Ukraine
21696:Romania
21656:Moldova
21616:Ireland
21611:Iceland
21606:Hungary
21596:Germany
21591:Georgia
21581:Finland
21576:Estonia
21571:Denmark
21556:Croatia
21541:Belgium
21536:Belarus
21526:Austria
21521:Armenia
21516:Andorra
21511:Albania
21443:Algeria
21432:Andorra
21379:Germany
21316:Belgium
21169:Outline
21151:Theatre
21146:Symbols
21106:Gardens
21096:Fashion
21088:Cuisine
21055:Culture
21045:Welfare
21018:Poverty
20956:Society
20932:Tourism
20892:Exports
20865:Banking
20843:Economy
20802:history
20697:Islands
20692:Borders
20325:Francia
20279:Ancient
20257:Regions
20208:History
20193:History
20123:Culture
20070:Economy
19979: (
19950:minutes
19672:22 July
19599:15 July
19411:22 July
19259:Repères
19243:21 June
19138:. 2022.
19136:acpm.fr
18936:22 July
18689:22 July
18647:22 July
18625:22 July
18603:22 July
18581:22 July
18333:. BBC.
18296:22 July
18274:16 July
18228:29 July
18198:22 July
17926:22 July
17817:22 July
17718:22 July
17559:22 July
17545:"Lycée"
17443:25 July
17382:21 July
17032:21 July
16919:Reuters
16765:3673512
16576:28 June
16538:. BBC.
16340:1236362
16195:11 July
15608:esa.int
15588:30 July
15532:. BBC.
15482:21 July
15443:29 July
15413:21 July
15383:30 July
14890:20 July
14866:Europe.
14721:16 July
14691:29 June
14417:, p. 11
14237:ifop.fr
14165:5 March
14091:27 June
14009:Reuters
13933:26 June
13841:21 July
13724:14 July
13671:3 March
13635:theOECD
13540:21 July
13443:, dans
13389:22 July
13363:22 June
13257:Monocle
13215:29 July
13185:21 July
13126:21 July
13044:19 June
12935:30 July
12861:19 June
12568:22 June
12481:7723057
12452:Bibcode
12314:21 July
12283:21 July
12253:21 July
12227:21 July
12092:17 July
12061:17 July
11683:21 July
11509:2610008
11332:. BBC.
11249:13 June
11075:21 July
11050:21 July
11042:. BBC.
10989:21 July
10909:6 March
10870:21 July
10777:3678784
10586:21 July
10560:17 July
10503:17 July
9991:17 July
9360:Mayotte
9356:Réunion
9282:French
9269:French
9189:French:
9024:in 1900
8994:Fencing
8843:dessert
8839:fromage
8823:cheeses
8798:in the
8761:Cuisine
8593:L'Oréal
8537:la mode
8520:, Paris
8499:Fashion
8480:in the
8351:Phoenix
8339:Niagara
8258:soprano
7831:Reynard
7803:), and
7653:or the
7436:fauvist
7312:and by
7272:Culture
7266:elitism
7066:laïcité
7016:Judaism
7000:Moselle
6987:laïcité
6905:Flemish
6901:Catalan
6893:Occitan
6857:world:
6777:refugee
6717:Spanish
6701:Italian
6597:Orléans
6590:771,320
6556:823,120
6522:864,993
6152:Antibes
6032:Germany
5882:Diderot
5743:river.
5741:Garonne
5690:Citroën
5686:Peugeot
5682:Renault
5642:Germany
5628:is the
5509:Lourdes
5329:its bay
5307:on the
5265:Tourism
5244:L'Oréal
5052:Economy
5021:laïcité
5000:in its
4780:Leclerc
4658:), the
4646:), the
4574:of the
4329:), one
4319:), one
4261:cantons
4250:Réunion
4246:Mayotte
4222:Corsica
4183:Channel
4155:Andorra
4113:Germany
4099:Belgium
4093:Réunion
4088:Mayotte
4068:Corsica
4021:Centre-
4000:Île-de-
3971:Regions
3949:regions
3867:députés
3678:and 46
3564:Garonne
3517:Corsica
3491:in the
3412:Corsica
3403:Andorra
3387:Germany
3379:Belgium
3268:Maghreb
3196:Western
3115:during
3086:Austria
3076:and to
2995:(e.g.,
2967:French
2803:of the
2801:Emperor
2758:led by
2734:to the
2672:of the
2566:Corsica
2518:at the
2498:During
2458:The war
2454:Spanish
2327:Cathars
2196:Louis I
2165:Western
2147:at the
2118:Orléans
2101:Francia
2086:and of
2080:secular
1986:Francia
1864:Brennus
1845:Phocaea
1762:Lascaux
1752:in the
1702:History
1635:FRAHNSS
1561:frankōn
1537:endonym
1526:francus
1503:". The
1495:Francia
1440:leading
1410:with a
1380:science
1234:England
1206:Francia
1188:before
1149:to the
1141:to the
1127:Andorra
1111:Germany
1103:Belgium
1087:Oceania
923: (
657:•
605:•
588:•
571:•
545:•
530:•
501:•
486:•
471:•
456:•
411:Judaism
284:48°51′N
268:Capital
117: "
115:Anthem:
26444:France
26224:Poland
26204:Mexico
26189:Latvia
26184:Kosovo
26118:Serbia
26113:Cyprus
26103:Gambia
26087:Quebec
26016:Rwanda
25991:Monaco
25926:Guinea
25921:Greece
25911:France
25856:Canada
25700:Mexico
25690:Israel
25680:Canada
25654:Turkey
25644:Sweden
25624:Serbia
25604:Poland
25599:Norway
25579:Monaco
25549:Latvia
25524:Greece
25509:France
25484:Cyprus
25232:Guyana
25161:Russia
25156:France
25058:vetoed
24956:Turkey
24936:Russia
24931:Mexico
24901:France
24886:Canada
24881:Brazil
24772:Mexico
24757:Brazil
24712:Russia
24692:France
24687:Canada
24626:, and
24607:Sweden
24577:Poland
24552:Latvia
24532:Greece
24522:France
24497:Cyprus
24436:Norway
24328:Sweden
24298:Poland
24273:Latvia
24253:Greece
24243:France
24218:Cyprus
23994:Turkey
23959:Monaco
23934:Israel
23929:Greece
23924:France
23914:Cyprus
23633:France
23583:other
23523:Hawaii
23431:Tuvalu
23364:Entire
23147:France
23104:France
23036:Zambia
23031:Uganda
22971:Rwanda
22926:Malawi
22886:Guinea
22780:Angola
22759:Africa
22664:France
22623:Guyana
22603:Brazil
22586:Entire
22578:states
22394:France
22296:France
22243:Panama
22233:Mexico
22178:Canada
22173:Belize
22151:Entire
21974:Norway
21792:Kosovo
21741:Turkey
21731:Sweden
21711:Serbia
21701:Russia
21686:Poland
21681:Norway
21661:Monaco
21631:Latvia
21601:Greece
21586:France
21561:Cyprus
21495:Europe
21441:
21430:
21421:
21395:
21377:
21361:France
21359:
21323:
21314:
21303:
21292:
21183:Portal
21083:Cinema
21063:Anthem
21035:Racism
21013:People
20907:Mining
20882:Energy
20717:Rivers
20682:Cities
20614:May 68
20185:topics
20182:France
20051:France
20029:France
20024:Curlie
20020:France
20011:France
20002:France
19866:fff.fr
19846:8 July
19774:5 July
19765:
19711:
19573:19 May
19334:
19307:
19023:
18826:Forbes
18464:
18172:
18164:
18089:
18019:
17891:
17532:Nature
17145:
16804:18 May
16772:
16762:
16754:
16651:
16603:
16546:18 May
16422:
16368:
16338:
16261:18 May
16242:]
16101:18 May
15799:
15686:
15540:2 June
15513:2 June
14803:18 May
14681:Gralon
13791:27 May
13571:3 July
13514:18 May
13159:5 July
12925:Sénate
12831:18 May
12755:
12595:
12518:18 May
12488:
12478:
12470:
12340:
12013:18 May
11920:18 May
11724:p. 160
11630:
11605:18 May
11591:
11571:
11515:
11507:
11470:18 May
11446:18 May
11432:
11340:18 May
11301:
11280:
11221:
11167:1 June
11153:
11126:
11099:
10953:bnf.fr
10895:
10838:
10813:
10783:
10775:
10767:
10686:16 May
10672:
10625:
10615:
10480:et al.
10467:et al.
10454:et al.
10441:et al.
10419:et al.
10403:et al.
10343:18 May
10316:et al.
10291:
10264:
10243:et al.
10213:
10186:
10160:
10140:
10117:5 July
10108:
10083:
10073:
10050:18 May
9957:. EU.
9923:5 July
9866:
9522:18 May
9435:. The
9374:+689;
9370:+687;
9362:+262;
9354:+594;
9350:+596;
9346:+590;
9106:tennis
9038:, the
9020:Athens
9004:Zidane
8990:Savate
8954:. The
8930:, the
8912:tennis
8872:Sports
8831:entrée
8821:, and
8796:quiche
8686:, and
8656:, and
8570:Grasse
8564:, and
8558:Chanel
8514:Chanel
8493:UNESCO
8406:cinema
8365:Cinema
8355:Gojira
8325:, and
8319:techno
8253:Gloria
8194:, and
8047:wrote
8039:, and
7858:Essais
7825:. The
7635:Vauban
7598:, the
7531:Chinon
7353:rococo
7244:, the
7100:Health
7094:sectes
7080:, the
7076:, the
7014:, and
6996:Alsace
6919:, and
6917:Basque
6897:Breton
6872:
6866:
6860:
6843:, and
6821:Africa
6793:asylum
6785:Calais
6775:was a
6727:, and
6725:Polish
6658:Breton
6650:Franks
6644:) and
6642:Romans
6638:Italic
6634:Gallic
6630:Celtic
6581:Rennes
6479:Nantes
6393:Toulon
6239:Region
6219:Region
6166:
6148:Cannes
6136:Rennes
6124:Nantes
6028:Russia
5939:Pierre
5914:, and
5904:optics
5874:oxygen
5862:Buffon
5807:clocks
5795:abacus
5706:petrol
5702:Diesel
5652:, the
5650:Thalys
5603:, and
5597:Eguzon
5519:Energy
5416:, the
5402:Louvre
5333:UNESCO
5125:, the
5105:, the
5089:, and
5014:. The
4819:Safran
4815:Thales
4776:Exocet
4521:Malian
4456:, the
4450:UNESCO
4315:, and
4248:, and
4192:Biscay
4190:Bay of
4162:Brazil
4141:Monaco
4061:Alpes-
4002:France
3990:France
3955:, one
3909:party
3862:Senate
3860:, the
3848:, the
3598:, and
3566:, the
3562:, the
3558:, the
3509:Vosges
3507:, the
3505:Morvan
3503:, the
3499:, the
3495:, the
3399:Monaco
3290:attack
3181:Harkis
3119:, and
3055:Allies
2981:Allies
2969:Poilus
2929:empire
2895:Mexico
2891:Crimea
2711:. The
2604:reason
2463:Under
2321:. The
2305:Levant
2128:. The
2126:Rheims
2124:, and
2068:Clovis
1992:, and
1849:colony
1841:Greeks
1838:Ionian
1830:, and
1800:bronze
1796:copper
1668:FRANSS
1602:FRANSS
1551:*Frank
1501:Franks
1486:France
1414:, and
1382:, and
1376:of art
1230:feudal
1212:. The
1202:Franks
1200:, the
1169:, the
1157:. Its
1123:Monaco
1055:France
907:(2022)
905:
882:(2022)
880:
828:
772:
538:Senate
432:French
358:(2021)
337:French
335:92.2%
328:(2021)
320:French
287:2°21′E
252:Europe
52:French
48:
26425:47; 2
26336:AFFOI
26108:Ghana
26006:Qatar
26001:Niger
25936:Haiti
25916:Gabon
25901:Egypt
25826:Benin
25695:Japan
25639:Spain
25569:Malta
25544:Italy
25199:Malta
25194:Japan
25151:China
25053:lists
25019:Power
24926:Japan
24921:Italy
24911:India
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