104:. The group began publishing propaganda material in German, English and Spanish languages. In its first proclamation the Free-Germany Movement called for "struggle against Nazism and punishment of the guilty" as well as calling for a democratic constitution, federalism and autonomy, peace between democracies and God-fearing policies.
170:
Whilst
Strasser had built an impressive organization on paper, the organization soon withered apart. He tried to impose himself as the sole authority in the movement, but the organization was far too heterogenerous for such an approach to work. The sole key characteristic of all members of the
207:. The nationalist, clerical, conservative and authoritarian tendencies of Strasser's grouping made collaboration with German leftist and Jewish exiled opposition groups impossible. The organization was frequently attacked in the progressive emigre German press in Latin America.
153:(the latter unit was led by August Pokorski). The Free-Germany Movement was politically broader than Strasser's previous grouping, gathering people with Christian, national-conservative or social democratic backgrounds. For example the
128:
headed by Bruno Fricke. Strasser named Fricke as the leader of the Free-Germany
Movement in Latin America, a role Fricke had also occupied in the Black Front. Friecke was also named First Vice Chairman of the organization. In
215:
The movement aspired to build a 'Free-German Legion' to join the war on the Allied side. The effort was not successful. On the contrary, Strasser was placed in an Allied internment camp between 1943 and 1946.
228:
outlook, the Free-German
Movement opposed the formation of an exiled Austrian national government. Rather than organizing an 'Austrian' section, Austrian members of the organization joined their respective
161:
was Helmut HĂĽtter, an
Austrian who hailed from a conservative Catholic background. In Bolivia, where the size of the organization was rather marginal, it was led by Hugo Efferoth, a former social democrat.
288:. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Instituto de Estudios Histórico-Sociales «Prof. Juan Carlos Grosso»; Anuario IEHS; 31; 1; 6-2016; 15-36
57:
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Strasser had also hoped to build unity with other German exiled opposition groups, but found himself politically isolated. For example he sought contact with the Social
Democrat
645:
285:
Nacionalsocialistas anti-hitleristas y cuestiĂłn judĂa: Los casos de Die
Schwarze Front y Frei-Deutschland Bewegung en la Argentina
635:
613:
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Die Welten des Paul
Frischauer: ein literarischer Abenteurer im historischen Kontext : Wien, London, Rio, New York, Wien
586:
546:
519:
492:
454:
407:
358:
328:
17:
640:
399:
Fluchtziel
Lateinamerika: Die deutsche Emigration 1933-1945 : politische Aktivitäten und soziokulturelle Integration
200:
511:
Die
Exilliteratur und das Exil der Deutschsprachigen Schriftsteller und Publizisten in Brasilien
603:
576:
444:
348:
245:
continued to appear in
Montevideo until 1946. As of 1946, the Free-Germany Movement welcomed
89:
650:
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Handbuch zum Widerstand gegen Nationalsozialismus und Faschismus in Europa 1933/39 bis 1945
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organization was their anti-communist orientation. In November 1941 Strasser dismissed his
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Deutschland nach Hitler: Zukunftspläne im Exil und aus der Besatzungszeit 1939–1949
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was Erico Schoemann who was an old Black Front support and who ran the publication
73:
538:
Das entscheidende Jahr: Sozialdemokratie und Kommunistische Partei in Köln 1945/46
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The Free-Germany Movement was founded on January 30, 1941 (the 8th anniversary of
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509:
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German-American newspapers and periodicals, 1732-1955: history and bibliography
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Thomas Koebner; Gert Sautermeister; Sigrid Schneider (9 March 2013).
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145:. The Free-Germany Movement also had small units in West Canada,
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Deutschlandpläne: Dokumente und Materialien zur deutschen Frage
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113:
92:), in part as a continuation of emigre remnants of Strasser's
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The influence of the Free-Germany Movement dwindled, albeit
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68:) was a movement of German exiled opponents to the rule of
438:
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187:. By late 1942 the organization was largely defunct.
595:
402:. Verlag Neue Gesellschaft. pp. 115, 117, 220.
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Exil et résistance au national-socialisme, 1933-1945
342:
340:
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at the time, the group had most of its followers in
157:('Country Leader') of the Free-Germany Movement in
574:
534:
96:group. Strasser modelled his organization on the '
484:Gedanken an Deutschland im Exil und andere Themen
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120:. The organization had two main offices, one in
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563:Sozialistische Mitteilungen, Nr. 28 - 1941
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353:. Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle. p. 254.
291:
416:
384:
602:Ursula Prutsch; Klaus Zeyringer (1997).
487:. Text + Kritik. pp. 150–151, 153.
396:Patrik von Zur MĂĽhlen (1 January 1988).
367:
347:Gilbert Krebs; GĂ©rard Schneilin (1998).
575:Gerd R. Ueberschär (23 December 2010).
219:
628:
508:Izabela Maria Furtado Kestler (1992).
449:. Springer-Verlag. pp. 173, 176.
90:Hitler's take-over of power in Germany
646:Political parties established in 1941
18:National Committee for a Free Germany
429:. RĂĽtten & Loening. p. 165.
380:. Johnson Reprint Corp. p. 394.
608:. Böhlau Verlag Wien. p. 232.
278:
276:
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257:, but considered the sentencing of
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581:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 334.
481:Society for Exile Studies (1985).
14:
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124:headed by Kurt Singer and one in
374:Karl John Richard Arndt (1965).
271:
555:
236:
107:
112:Whilst Strasser was living in
1:
323:. Francke. pp. 519–520.
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199:in the United States and the
191:Isolation in emigre community
636:Political parties in Germany
7:
641:German resistance to Nazism
535:Reinhold Billstein (1988).
83:
10:
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541:. dme-Verlag. p. 90.
226:Greater German nationalist
201:Anti-Nazi Freedom Movement
76:. The movement was led by
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282:Friedmann, Germán Claus.
211:Failed overture to Allies
175:in Colombia, in 1942 the
66:Frei-Deutschland-Bewegung
37:
28:
514:. P. Lang. p. 142.
16:Not to be confused with
317:Joseph Strelka (2001).
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53:Free-Germany Movement
31:Free-Germany movement
423:Kurt Hirsch (1967).
220:On Austrian question
249:sentences against
139:Die Zeit/El Tiempo
615:978-3-205-98748-2
588:978-3-598-44092-2
548:978-3-922977-34-6
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409:978-3-87831-472-1
360:978-2-910212-07-0
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126:Buenos Aires
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108:Organization
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70:Adolf Hitler
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651:Strasserism
259:Karl Dönitz
98:Free France
94:Black Front
72:during the
630:Categories
265:References
224:Keeping a
143:Montevideo
181:Venezuela
58:‹See Tfd›
261:unjust.
243:Die Zeit
205:Colombia
84:Founding
131:Uruguay
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159:Brazil
114:Canada
62:German
39:Leader
185:Chile
147:China
100:' of
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325:ISBN
253:and
231:Gaue
183:and
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