283:'invention of tradition' is a splendidly subversive phrase", but it "hides serious ambiguities". Hobsbawm "contrasts invented traditions with what he calls 'the strength and adaptability of genuine traditions'. But where does his 'adaptability', or his colleague Ranger's 'flexibility' end, and invention begin? Given that all traditions change, is it possible or useful to attempt to discriminate the 'genuine' antiques from the fakes?" Another also praised the high quality of the articles but had qualifications. "Such distinctions" (between invented and authentic traditions) "resolve themselves ultimately into one between the genuine and the spurious, a distinction that may be untenable because all traditions (like all symbolic phenomena) are humanly created ('spurious') rather than naturally given ('genuine')." Pointing out that "invention entails assemblage, supplementation, and rearrangement of cultural practices so that in effect traditions can be preserved, invented, and reconstructed",
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150:" is often itself invented. The concept is "highly relevant to that comparatively recent historical innovation, the 'nation', with its associated phenomena: nationalism, the nation-state, national symbols, histories, and the rest." Hobsbawm and Ranger remark on the "curious but understandable paradox: modern nations and all their impedimenta generally claim to be the opposite of novel, namely rooted in remotest antiquity, and the opposite of constructed, namely human communities so 'natural' as to require no definition other than self-assertion." The concept of
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originated as lumber company advertising. Dorson had seen the effect of print sources on orally transmitted Paul Bunyan stories as a form of cross-contamination that "hopelessly muddied the lore". For Olson, however, "the point is that I personally was exposed to Paul Bunyan in the genre of a living oral tradition, not of lumberjacks (of which there are precious few remaining), but of the present people of the area." What was fakelore had become folklore again.
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real thing was often "repetitive, clumsy, meaningless and obscene". He contrasted the genuine Paul Bunyan tales, which had been so full of technical logging terms that outsiders would find parts of them difficult to understand, with the commercialized versions, which sounded more like children's books. The original Paul Bunyan had been shrewd and sometimes ignoble; one story told how he cheated his men out of their pay.
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91:. Hobsbawm's introduction argues that many "traditions" which "appear or claim to be old are often quite recent in origin and sometimes invented." This "invention" is distinguished from "starting" or "initiating" a tradition that does not then claim to be old. The phenomenon is particularly clear in the modern development of the nation and of
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The articles in the volume include Hugh Trevor-Roper's "The invention of tradition: the
Highland tradition of Scotland," Prys Morgan's "From a death to a view: the hunt for the Welsh past in the romantic period," David Cannadine's "The context, performance, and meaning of ritual: the British monarchy
214:
region of North
America, William B. Laughead (1882–1958), an ad writer working for the Red River Lumber Company, invented many of the stories about him that are known today. According to Dorson, advertisers and popularizers turned Bunyan into a "pseudo folk hero of twentieth-century mass culture" who
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is often used by those who seek to expose or debunk modern reworkings of folklore, including Dorson himself, who spoke of a "battle against fakelore". Dorson complained that popularizers had sentimentalized folklore, stereotyping the people who created it as quaint and whimsical – whereas the
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is lore (or activities, documents, etc) falsely presented as if it were genuinely traditional. The term can refer to new stories or songs made up, or to folklore that is reworked and modified for modern tastes. The element of misrepresentation is central; artists who draw on traditional stories in
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story by the writer Owen
Francis. He was a literal man of steel who made rails from molten metal with his bare hands; he refused an opportunity to marry to devote himself to working 24 hours a day, worked so hard that the mill had to shut down, and finally, in despair at enforced idleness, melted
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also refers to the invention or adaptation of folklore. Unlike fakelore, however, folklorismus is not necessarily misleading; it includes any use of a tradition outside the cultural context in which it was created. The term was first used in the early 1960s by German scholars, who were primarily
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was a compliment, then laughed and talked to each other in their own language, which he did not speak. The word actually means "donkey" in
Croatian, and is an insult. Since no trace of the existence of Joe Magarac stories prior to 1931 has been discovered, Francis's informants may have made the
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Others have argued that professionally created art and folklore are constantly influencing each other and that this mutual influence should be studied rather than condemned. For example, Jon Olson, a professor of anthropology, reported that while growing up he heard Paul Bunyan stories that had
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are cultural practices that are presented or perceived as traditional, arising from people starting in the distant past, but which are relatively recent and often consciously invented by historical actors. The concept was highlighted in the 1983 book
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and the 'invention of tradition', c. 1820-1977," Bernard S. Cohen's "Representing authority in
Victorian India," Terence Ranger's "The invention of tradition in colonial Africa," and Eric Hobsbawm's "Mass-producing traditions: Europe, 1870-1914."
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255:, had been turned into a mouthpiece for capitalists: "This is an example of the way in which a traditional symbol has been used to manipulate the minds of people who had nothing to do with its creation."
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Responding to his opponents' argument that the writers have the same claim as the original folk storytellers, Dorson writes that the difference amounts to the difference between traditional culture and
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Gilley, Jennifer; Stephen
Burnett (November 1998). "Deconstructing and Reconstructing Pittsburgh's Man of Steel: Reading Joe Magarac against the Context of the 20th-Century Steel Industry".
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Ball, John; George Herzog; Thelma James; Louis C. Jones; Melville J. Herskovits; Wm. Hugh Jansen; Richard M. Dorson; Alvin W. Wolfe; Daniel G. Hoffman (1959). "Discussion from the Floor".
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character up as a joke on him. In 1998, Gilley and
Burnett reported "only tentative signs that the Magarac story has truly made a substantive transformation from 'fake-' into 'folklore
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their work are not producing fakelore unless they claim that their creations are real folklore. Over the last decades the term has generally fallen out of favor in
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proposed that a more accurate term would be "reinvention of tradition", signifying "a creative process involving renewal, reinterpretation and revision".
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Inoue Shun, "The
Invention of the Martial Arts: Kanō Jigorō and Kōdōkan Judo", pp. 163-173 in Stephen Vlastos (ed.).
95:, creating a national identity promoting national unity, and legitimising certain institutions or cultural practices.
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The
Highland Myth as an Invented Tradition of 18th and 19th Century and Its Significance for the Image of Scotland
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himself down in the mill's furnace to improve the quality of the steel. Francis said he heard this story from
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provided a sanitized Bunyan with a "spirit of gargantuan whimsy reflects no actual mood of lumberjacks".
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as fakelore. Although Bunyan originated as a character in traditional tales told by loggers in the
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American
Folklore: An Encyclopedia, ed. Jan Harold Brunvand, Taylor & Francis, 1996, p. 1105
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The Bible and Zionism: Invented Traditions, Archaeology and Post-Colonialism in Palestine-Israel
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According to Newall, 133, the German folklorist Hermann Bausinger expressed a similar view.
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because it places an emphasis on origin instead of practice to determine authenticity.
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this article does not cite a wide enough variety of sources to be properly informative.
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Newall, Venetia J. (1987). "The Adaptation of Folklore and Tradition (Folklorismus)".
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In addition to Paul Bunyan and Pecos Bill, Dorson identified the American folk hero
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766:"The Invention of Taekwondo Tradition, 1945–1972: When Mythology becomes 'History'"
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characters, and even academic studies of folklore are all forms of folklorism.
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494:. Marshall Fishwick describes these largely literary figures as imitations of
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Remembering the Year of the French Irish Folk History and Social Memory
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Fishwick, Marshall W. (1959). "Sons of Paul: Folklore or Fakelore?".
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Kendirbaeva, Gulnar (1994). "Folklore and Folklorism in Kazakhstan".
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are an example of an invented tradition created in the 19th century.
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226:. However, professional art based on folklore, TV commercials with
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1229:. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 272.
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Other American folk heroes that have been called fakelore include
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Anderson, Benedict. "The origins of national consciousness".
626:"Modern Pagan Festivals: A Study in the Nature of Tradition"
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The concept has been applied to cultural phenomena such as
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1011:
Dorson, Richard M. (1963). "Current Folklore Theories".
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Dorson, Richard M. (1973). "Is Folklore a Discipline?".
814:
Mirror of Modernity: Invented Traditions of Modern Japan
442:, Pennsylvania; he reported that they told him the word
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Professionalization and institutionalization of history
498:. Additionally, scholar Michael I. Niman describes the
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Indeed, the sharp distinction between "tradition" and "
451:", but noted his importance as a local cultural icon.
98:
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Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
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in his article "Folklore and Fake Lore" published in
16:
Recently invented cultural practices perceived as old
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Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
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Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science
5129:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
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816:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
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863:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p.
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2596:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
838:Hobsbawm & Terence Ranger (1983), p. 13-14.
576:Hobsbawm, Eric; Ranger, Terence, eds. (1983).
575:
6177:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
6047:Western European colonialism and colonization
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369:The examples and perspective in this article
131:. It has influenced related concepts such as
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1356:Cornelius Holtorf (University of Toronto),
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191:. Dorson's examples included the fictional
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720:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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324:. Please do not remove this message until
198:, who was presented as a folk hero of the
181:was coined in 1950 by American folklorist
34:needs attention from an expert in religion
5232:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1846:Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder
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781:
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407:Learn how and when to remove this message
344:Learn how and when to remove this message
233:
222:interested in the use of folklore by the
215:bore little resemblance to the original.
6451:Historical geographic information system
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1293:
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320:Relevant discussion may be found on the
202:but was actually invented by the writer
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1330:People of the Rainbow: A Nomadic Utopia
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6091:English historical school of economics
4143:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
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1178:"Review of The Invention of Tradition"
1139:"Review of The Invention of Tradition"
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44:may be able to help recruit an expert.
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6287:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
6126:Historical reliability of the Gospels
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4104:More Irish than the Irish themselves
1834:Right-wing authoritarian personality
355:
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18:
5174:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
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1089:Olson, Jon (1976). "Film Reviews".
604:Hobsbawm & Ranger (1983), p. 1.
99:Application of the term and paradox
13:
6187:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
4131:Fourth Italian War of Independence
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624:Hutton, Ronald (3 November 2008).
423:as fakelore. Magarac, a fictional
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5326:Palestinian expulsion and flight
3838:5000-year civilization assertion
3414:Nadir of American race relations
1252:The Journal of American Folklore
764:Moenig, Udo; Kim, Minho (2016).
694:The Invention of World Religions
360:
299:
111:in Scotland, the traditions of
23:
6315:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
5189:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
5124:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
4931:Causes of the Armenian genocide
3240:Pyramid construction techniques
2807:Comparative historical research
2724:
2425:Library and information science
1287:
1278:
1243:
1216:
1169:
1130:
1082:
1047:
1004:
969:
832:
819:
738:. London; New York: Zed Books.
6327:Gunpowder and gun transmission
6277:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
6086:Historical school of economics
6023:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
5461:Gunpowder and gun transmission
5335:Zionism as settler colonialism
4340:Limpieza de sangre controversy
3307:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
1829:Authoritarian leadership style
1392:
806:
757:
728:
685:
636:(3). Taylor Francis: 251–273.
607:
598:
584:. Cambridge University Press.
569:
500:Legend of the Rainbow Warriors
427:, first appeared in 1931 in a
206:in 1923. Dorson also regarded
1:
6506:Political science terminology
6136:Opposition to Papal supremacy
5512:
3324:Indigenous population history
1734:Social construction of gender
1334:University of Tennessee Press
1194:10.1525/aa.1984.86.4.02a00380
1143:The English Historical Review
990:10.1080/0015587x.1973.9716514
920:10.1080/0015587x.1987.9716408
562:
6052:Desacralization of knowledge
4323:Carlism in the Francoist era
4291:Holodomor in modern politics
2960:
1729:Rally 'round the flag effect
1358:"The Invention of Tradition"
1056:Journal of American Folklore
665:Sievers, Marco (2007–2010).
270:
154:is also often questionable.
7:
6444:Historiographic metafiction
6408:
6354:Organizations, publications
6143:Proto-orthodox Christianity
5093:German resistance to Nazism
4949:Persian famine of 1917–1919
4359:Islamic revolution of Spain
4286:Holodomor genocide question
4162:Revisionism of Risorgimento
4156:Rerum italicarum scriptores
4137:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
3904:Self-Strengthening Movement
3054:decolonization of knowledge
1932:Asch conformity experiments
1649:Identification (psychology)
855:Dorson, Richard M. (1977).
783:10.18399/acta.2016.19.2.006
698:University of Chicago Press
505:
383:, discuss the issue on the
326:conditions to do so are met
36:. The specific problem is:
10:
6557:
6241:Wissenschaft des Judentums
6218:Criticism of Protestantism
5098:Nazi foreign policy debate
4529:Second colonial occupation
4276:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
3914:Tibetan sovereignty debate
3458:Progressive-era historians
2893:Nationalization of history
2844:Historical-critical method
1947:Stanford prison experiment
1689:Normative social influence
580:The Invention of Tradition
438:immigrant steelworkers in
81:The Invention of Tradition
6463:
6414:
6403:
6359:
6348:
6297:
6101:
6060:
5991:
5980:
5836:
5522:
5518:
5507:
5479:
5448:
5412:
5306:
5260:
5246:Second Sino-Japanese War
5224:
5154:
5106:
5068:
5028:
4904:
4726:
4645:
4621:
4580:
4569:
4545:
4443:
4410:
4301:
4225:
4182:
4123:
4088:
4060:
4051:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
3995:
3922:
3828:
3756:
3470:
3399:
3332:
3294:
3227:
3223:
3212:
3037:
2970:
2966:
2955:
2732:
2719:
2546:
2413:
2375:
2371:
2358:
2235:
2209:
2205:
2192:
2125:
1955:
1924:
1896:Normalization of deviance
1858:
1824:Authoritarian personality
1816:
1576:
1533:
1407:
1400:
1176:Handler, Richard (1984).
692:Masuzawa, Tomoko (2005).
643:10.1080/00155870802352178
6001:Crisis of historiography
5164:Auschwitz bombing debate
4850:Indian Rebellion of 1857
4701:Late Bronze Age collapse
4635:List of military museums
4238:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
4210:Polish People's Republic
4045:Sybel-Ficker controversy
3409:African-American history
3382:Colonial Spanish America
3171:Second Thirty Years' War
1906:Preference falsification
1328:Niman, Michael I. 1997.
5114:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
4973:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
4524:Porter–MacKenzie debate
4281:Causes of the Holodomor
3818:Problem of two emperors
3766:Catilinarian conspiracy
2993:Historical significance
2854:Indiscipline of history
2829:Historical anthropology
1568:Tyranny of the majority
1182:American Anthropologist
896:Dorson (1977), 214–226.
6521:Social constructionism
6208:Protestant Reformation
6182:Second Vatican Council
6160:Succession to Muhammad
6155:Criticism of the Quran
5906:Religious perspectives
5640:Klemens von Metternich
5237:"Battle for Australia"
5119:Soviet offensive plans
5088:Broad vs. narrow front
4927:Late Ottoman genocides
3860:Century of humiliation
3641:Goguryeo controversies
3619:2,500-year celebration
3277:Double genocide theory
3064:Historical negationism
2888:Ancestral civilisation
2876:Historical materialism
2834:Historical determinism
2784:History of mentalities
1871:Communal reinforcement
1624:False consensus effect
943:Asian Folklore Studies
234:Connection to folklore
72:
6526:Sociological theories
6332:Torsion mangonel myth
6235:Modern Jewish history
6230:Jesuit historiography
6223:Protestant work ethic
6203:Hesychast controversy
6068:Industrial Revolution
6018:Library of Alexandria
5936:The Lord of the Rings
5586:Constantine the Great
5466:Torsion mangonel myth
5398:Sri Lankan Civil War
4477:Storm over the gentry
4378:Colonies or Provinces
3909:Sprouts of capitalism
2983:Historic preservation
2978:Change and continuity
1975:Anti-social behaviour
1970:Anti-authoritarianism
1709:Pluralistic ignorance
1556:National conservatism
1551:Left-wing nationalism
1534:Governmental pressure
1137:Burke, Peter (1986).
829:1 (2000): 316, p. 37.
125:Japanese martial arts
66:
6419:Commemorative plaque
5635:Juan Manuel de Rosas
5083:"Blitzkrieg" concept
4954:Powder keg of Europe
4829:Franco-Prussian War
4499:Winter of Discontent
4482:Suffragette Campaign
4149:Italiani brava gente
4115:Revolutionary period
3937:Frankish Interregnum
3870:"Chineseness" debate
3803:Byzantine succession
3788:Fall of Western Rome
3729:Executed Renaissance
3218:By country or region
3162:Age of Enlightenment
3136:Vaticinium ex eventu
3083:Modernisation theory
2917:Quantitative history
2293:Historical documents
1937:Breaching experiment
1724:Operant conditioning
1669:Mere exposure effect
1223:Beiner, Guy (2007).
1013:Current Anthropology
734:Nur Masalha (2007).
389:create a new article
381:improve this article
371:may not represent a
291:Examples of fakelore
251:said that Bunyan, a
188:The American Mercury
137:imagined communities
42:WikiProject Religion
6248:Schools of thought
6213:Proto-Protestantism
6082:School of Thoughts
5964:William Shakespeare
5949:Robert Falcon Scott
5854:Friedrich Nietzsche
5692:Cult of personality
5677:Neville Chamberlain
5537:Alexander the Great
5419:Russo-Georgian War
5392:Sovereignty dispute
5371:Iranian Revolution
5201:"Polish death camp"
5178:In relation to the
4887:Myth of English aid
4878:War of the Pacific
4655:Albigensian Crusade
4080:Indigenous Aryanism
3776:Constantinian shift
3312:Residential schools
3069:Historian's fallacy
2988:Historic recurrence
2486:Numismatics (Money)
2258:Archaeological site
2182:theories of history
1817:Individual pressure
1694:Passing (sociology)
1629:Fear of missing out
1594:Closure (sociology)
1508:Enemy of the people
430:Scribner's Magazine
313:of this section is
117:Korean martial arts
76:Invented traditions
67:"Ancient" Scottish
6439:Historical realism
6434:Historical fiction
6379:History institutes
6369:Historical society
6364:Heritage registers
6252:Biblical criticism
6165:Islamic golden age
6116:Early Christianity
5996:Bears in antiquity
5884:Medieval Christian
5682:Pedro II of Brazil
5630:José de San Martín
5434:Syrian revolution
5346:Malayan Emergency
5321:1948 Palestine war
5054:Spanish Civil War
5004:War guilt question
4813:American Civil War
4793:Invasion of Russia
4769:New Russian School
4553:Colonial Australia
4269:October Revolution
4032:Strukturgeschichte
3968:Location of Alésia
3887:Hua–Yi distinction
3808:Moscow, third Rome
3424:Reconstruction era
3245:Black Egypt Thesis
3167:European Civil War
3123:Translatio imperii
3078:Invented tradition
2199:Historical sources
1985:Civil disobedience
1942:Milgram experiment
1881:Creeping normality
1783:Social integration
1719:Psychosocial issue
1659:Invented tradition
1513:Enemy of the state
527:Imagined community
204:Edward S. O'Reilly
73:
6493:
6492:
6459:
6458:
6399:
6398:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6257:Catholic theology
6111:Avestan geography
5976:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5959:Søren Kierkegaard
5832:
5831:
5743:Warren G. Harding
5503:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5302:
5301:
5180:Armenian genocide
5043:Polish–Soviet War
5038:Burning of Smyrna
5024:
5023:
5014:Reichstag inquiry
4937:Patriotic consent
4808:
4807:
4783:War in the Vendée
4747:French Revolution
4729:century conflicts
4718:Peloponnesian War
4679:Eighty Years' War
4565:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4470:Westminster Stone
4167:Southern question
4006:Alltagsgeschichte
3956:Legendary Saracen
3658:Early settlements
3466:
3465:
3446:Political history
3431:Consensus history
3208:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3190:Continuity thesis
3129:Translatio studii
3015:Theory of history
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2905:Subaltern Studies
2790:Nouvelle histoire
2715:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2627:Medieval churches
2614:Geistesgeschichte
2558:Paleoanthropology
2466:Encyclopaedistics
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2222:Secondary sources
2085:
2084:
1965:Alternative media
1854:
1853:
1793:Spiral of silence
1664:Memory conformity
1604:Consensus reality
1497:Persona non grata
1418:Damnatio memoriae
1236:978-0-299-21824-9
859:American Folklore
752:978-1-84277-761-9
707:978-0-226-50989-1
678:978-3-638-81651-9
417:
416:
409:
391:, as appropriate.
354:
353:
346:
279:) noted that the
249:Daniel G. Hoffman
183:Richard M. Dorson
133:Benedict Anderson
59:
58:
6548:
6482:
6481:
6472:
6471:
6424:Documentary film
6405:
6404:
6384:History journals
6350:
6349:
6323:
6195:
6131:Primacy of Peter
6078:Great Depression
6058:
6057:
6031:
6009:
5982:
5981:
5930:J. R. R. Tolkien
5785:
5784:
5780:
5768:
5756:
5738:Ulysses S. Grant
5733:Thomas Jefferson
5724:
5700:
5663:
5626:
5614:
5582:
5570:
5562:Chiang Ching-kuo
5552:Cato the Younger
5542:Amin al-Husseini
5520:
5519:
5509:
5508:
5488:
5487:
5471:War and genocide
5295:
5281:Résistancialisme
5268:Battle of France
5250:Nanjing Massacre
5104:
5103:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4945:
4895:
4777:
4760:
4733:
4732:
4660:Catharism debate
4646:pre-18th century
4628:Military history
4605:
4598:
4591:
4582:
4581:
4575:By war, conflict
4571:
4570:
4519:Cambridge School
4505:
4504:
4403:
4391:
4367:
4348:
4258:
4246:
4218:
4040:
4018:Historikerstreit
3988:
3976:
3964:
3945:
3931:Cordon sanitaire
3877:New Qing History
3865:Conquest dynasty
3856:
3771:Christianization
3754:
3753:
3673:
3586:
3574:
3562:
3540:
3528:
3520:Byzantine Empire
3375:Iquicha Royalism
3364:
3330:
3329:
3253:
3225:
3224:
3214:
3213:
3157:Age of Discovery
3146:Periodization of
3143:
3142:
3117:Transhistoricity
3112:Thirty-year rule
3023:
3011:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2956:
2937:Great Man theory
2900:People's history
2862:
2767:
2766:
2759:Three-age system
2721:
2720:
2421:Archival science
2373:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2227:Tertiary sources
2207:
2206:
2194:
2193:
2143:by area of study
2112:
2105:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2010:Devil's advocate
1980:Auto-segregation
1876:Countersignaling
1803:Toxic positivity
1778:Social influence
1739:Social contagion
1584:Bandwagon effect
1541:Authoritarianism
1405:
1404:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1344:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1296:Western Folklore
1291:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1258:(442): 392–408.
1247:
1241:
1240:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1188:(4): 1025–1026.
1173:
1167:
1166:
1149:(398): 316–317.
1134:
1128:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1091:Western Folklore
1086:
1080:
1079:
1062:(285): 233–241.
1051:
1045:
1044:
1008:
1002:
1001:
973:
967:
966:
938:
932:
931:
903:
897:
894:
879:
878:
862:
852:
839:
836:
830:
823:
817:
810:
804:
803:
785:
761:
755:
732:
726:
725:
719:
711:
689:
683:
682:
662:
656:
655:
645:
621:
615:
611:
605:
602:
596:
595:
583:
573:
547:Pseudo-mythology
460:Febold Feboldson
450:
412:
405:
401:
398:
392:
364:
363:
356:
349:
342:
338:
335:
329:
303:
302:
295:
282:
224:tourism industry
172:folklore studies
54:
51:
45:
27:
26:
19:
6556:
6555:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6536:1983 neologisms
6496:
6495:
6494:
6489:
6488:
6455:
6410:
6395:
6355:
6336:
6319:
6302:
6293:
6189:
6097:
6073:Great Recession
6056:
6027:
6003:
5987:
5968:
5859:H. P. Lovecraft
5828:
5790:
5783:
5774:
5762:
5750:
5718:
5694:
5667:Muammar Gaddafi
5657:
5645:Leonid Brezhnev
5620:
5608:
5591:Gregory Palamas
5576:
5574:Chiang Kai Shek
5564:
5524:
5514:
5495:
5494:
5475:
5456:Conflict thesis
5444:
5408:
5298:
5289:
5256:
5220:
5150:
5102:
5064:
5030:Interwar period
5020:
4990:
4983:
4975:
4959:Schlieffen Plan
4939:
4900:
4889:
4804:
4771:
4754:
4739:
4728:
4722:
4706:Dorian invasion
4691:Fall of Babylon
4647:
4641:
4640:
4617:
4609:
4576:
4557:
4533:
4510:
4503:
4465:Kingdom of Alba
4446:
4439:
4406:
4397:
4385:
4383:Spanish decline
4361:
4342:
4297:
4252:
4240:
4221:
4212:
4178:
4119:
4084:
4070:Greater Magadha
4056:
4034:
3991:
3982:
3970:
3958:
3939:
3918:
3892:Four Barbarians
3850:
3824:
3752:
3709:Götaland theory
3677:Lusotropicalism
3667:
3648:North Macedonia
3580:
3568:
3556:
3534:
3522:
3462:
3441:Frontier thesis
3436:Cyclical theory
3419:Neoabolitionism
3395:
3358:
3328:
3290:
3267:Greater Morocco
3247:
3219:
3196:
3147:
3141:
3033:
3017:
3005:
2962:
2943:
2856:
2771:
2765:
2747:Historical eras
2728:
2707:
2542:
2439:Writing systems
2409:
2367:
2365:Fields of study
2346:
2340:Service records
2325:Religious texts
2231:
2217:Primary sources
2201:
2188:
2187:
2121:
2116:
2086:
2081:
2052:Insubordination
2000:Culture jamming
1990:Cosmopolitanism
1951:
1920:
1891:Internalization
1850:
1812:
1572:
1563:Totalitarianism
1529:
1396:
1391:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1332:, pp. 131-148.
1327:
1323:
1308:10.2307/1497745
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1221:
1217:
1174:
1170:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1103:10.2307/1498351
1087:
1083:
1052:
1048:
1009:
1005:
974:
970:
955:10.2307/1178561
939:
935:
904:
900:
895:
882:
875:
853:
842:
837:
833:
824:
820:
811:
807:
762:
758:
733:
729:
713:
712:
708:
690:
686:
679:
671:. GRIN Verlag.
663:
659:
622:
618:
612:
608:
603:
599:
592:
574:
570:
565:
542:Old wives' tale
512:False etymology
508:
488:Antonine Barada
480:Annie Christmas
448:
413:
402:
396:
393:
378:
365:
361:
350:
339:
333:
330:
319:
304:
300:
293:
280:
273:
236:
163:Pseudo-folklore
160:
158:Pseudo-folklore
113:major religions
101:
55:
49:
46:
40:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6554:
6544:
6543:
6541:Historiography
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6476:
6465:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6401:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6381:
6376:
6366:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6317:
6312:
6306:
6304:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6232:
6227:
6226:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6205:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6128:
6123:
6113:
6107:
6105:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6064:
6062:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6037:
6032:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
5998:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5903:
5898:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5849:Charles Darwin
5846:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5819:United Kingdom
5816:
5811:
5809:Modern Germany
5806:
5801:
5795:
5793:
5782:
5781:
5769:
5757:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5728:Thomas Aquinas
5725:
5713:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5615:
5603:
5598:
5596:Horatio Nelson
5593:
5588:
5583:
5571:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5528:
5526:
5516:
5515:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5428:Responsibility
5425:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5384:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5352:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5340:New Historians
5337:
5332:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5206:Responsibility
5203:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5186:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5160:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5074:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5040:
5034:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4982:
4970:
4964:Spirit of 1914
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4934:
4924:
4921:Fischer thesis
4910:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4884:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4864:
4862:Paraguayan War
4859:
4858:
4857:
4847:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4788:Napoleonic era
4785:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4766:
4761:
4752:Pre-revolution
4743:
4741:
4737:Coalition Wars
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4651:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4631:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4615:historiography
4608:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4585:
4578:
4577:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4515:
4513:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4457:
4451:
4449:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4433:Decline thesis
4430:
4423:Ottoman Empire
4420:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4392:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4349:
4337:
4332:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4250:Skeptic School
4235:
4233:Anti-Normanism
4229:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4190:Golden Liberty
4186:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4172:Neo-Bourbonism
4164:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4140:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4047:
4042:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4012:Borussian myth
4009:
4001:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3977:
3965:
3953:
3946:
3934:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3862:
3857:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3628:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3517:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3483:Dealbanisation
3474:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3353:
3347:May Revolution
3338:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3317:Staples thesis
3314:
3309:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3233:
3231:
3221:
3220:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3149:modern history
3140:
3139:
3132:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3095:
3093:Paradigm shift
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2868:
2863:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2809:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2779:Annales school
2775:
2773:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2749:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2642:Constitutional
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2578:
2565:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2518:Postage stamps
2515:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2446:
2441:
2432:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2369:
2368:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2315:Oral tradition
2312:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2202:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:Historiography
2115:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1995:Counterculture
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1957:Anticonformity
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1916:Social reality
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1808:Untouchability
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1746:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1674:Milieu control
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1654:Indoctrination
1651:
1646:
1644:Herd mentality
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1577:Group pressure
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1455:Cancel culture
1452:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1421:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1351:External links
1349:
1346:
1345:
1321:
1302:(4): 277–286.
1286:
1277:
1264:10.2307/541047
1242:
1235:
1215:
1168:
1129:
1117:
1097:(3): 233–237.
1081:
1068:10.2307/538134
1046:
1025:10.1086/200339
1003:
984:(3): 177–205.
968:
933:
914:(2): 131–151.
898:
880:
873:
840:
831:
818:
805:
776:(2): 131–164.
756:
727:
706:
684:
677:
657:
616:
606:
597:
591:978-0521246453
590:
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564:
561:
560:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
507:
504:
456:Old Stormalong
415:
414:
375:of the subject
373:worldwide view
368:
366:
359:
352:
351:
307:
305:
298:
292:
289:
275:One reviewer (
272:
269:
235:
232:
159:
156:
100:
97:
89:Terence Ranger
57:
56:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6553:
6542:
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6537:
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6380:
6377:
6374:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6351:
6347:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6310:Merton thesis
6308:
6307:
6305:
6300:
6296:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6262:Panbabylonism
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
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6221:
6219:
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6210:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6193:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6144:
6141:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6083:
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6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
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6065:
6063:
6059:
6053:
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6048:
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6043:
6042:
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6033:
6030:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5983:
5979:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5938:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5825:
5824:United States
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5786:
5778:
5773:
5770:
5766:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5704:Bolivarianism
5702:
5698:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5687:Simon Bolivar
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5619:
5618:Joseph Stalin
5616:
5612:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5521:
5517:
5510:
5506:
5491:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5413:Post-Cold War
5411:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5387:Falklands War
5385:
5383:
5382:Iran–Iraq War
5380:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5330:Ongoing Nakba
5327:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5293:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5261:Western Front
5259:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5242:Bengal famine
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5156:The Holocaust
5153:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:Eastern Front
5105:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4986:
4979:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4893:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4838:Paris Commune
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4823:Turning point
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4775:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4727:18th and 19th
4725:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4672:Islamic views
4670:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4644:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4572:
4568:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4442:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4401:
4396:
4395:Ser de España
4393:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4365:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4256:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4216:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:Ottoman claim
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:Prosopography
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3747:
3746:Trưng sisters
3744:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3538:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3493:Habsburg myth
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3401:United States
3398:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3362:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3334:Latin America
3331:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3251:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3211:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2954:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:Transnational
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2817:Decoloniality
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:Historiometry
2796:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2742:Periodization
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:Sigillography
2526:
2524:
2523:Prosopography
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2400:Local history
2398:
2394:
2393:Human history
2391:
2390:
2389:
2388:World history
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Individualism
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:Herd behavior
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:Control freak
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1788:Socialization
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:Peer pressure
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:Normalization
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Culture shock
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:Deplatforming
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1343:
1342:0-87049-988-2
1339:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1124:
1122:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
972:
964:
960:
956:
952:
949:(1): 97–123.
948:
944:
937:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
902:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
876:
874:0-226-15859-4
870:
866:
861:
860:
851:
849:
847:
845:
835:
828:
822:
815:
809:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
779:
775:
771:
767:
760:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
731:
723:
717:
709:
703:
699:
695:
688:
680:
674:
670:
669:
661:
653:
649:
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
620:
610:
601:
593:
587:
582:
581:
572:
568:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
532:Metamodernism
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:Cordwood Pete
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
445:
441:
437:
432:
431:
426:
422:
411:
408:
400:
390:
386:
382:
376:
374:
367:
358:
357:
348:
345:
337:
327:
323:
317:
316:
312:
306:
297:
296:
288:
286:
278:
268:
266:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
241:
231:
229:
225:
220:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:American West
197:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
175:
173:
168:
164:
155:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
96:
94:
90:
86:
85:Eric Hobsbawm
82:
77:
70:
65:
61:
53:
43:
39:
35:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
6239:
6041:The Simpsons
6039:
5986:Other topics
5934:
5911:Christianity
5901:Resurrection
5532:Adolf Hitler
5361:Six-Day War
5357:Algerian War
5328: /
5287:Vichy France
5279:
5272:
5182: /
5070:World War II
4966: /
4633:
4626:
4428:Ghaza thesis
4351:
4327:
4313:White legend
4311: /
4309:Black legend
4264:Soviet Union
4154:
4147:
4135:
4098:Great Famine
4075:Indocentrism
4049:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4004:
3950:Grand Siècle
3948:
3929:
3897:Sinocentrism
3758:Ancient Rome
3738:
3596:Aryan Kartli
3594:
3386:
3349: /
3283:
3180:19th century
3178: /
3169: /
3134:
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3121:
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3071: /
3045:Black legend
3003:Historiology
2800: /
2788:
2751:
2689:Quantitative
2612:
2608:Intellectual
2574: /
2570: /
2556: /
2554:Anthropology
2508:Phaleristics
2501:preservation
2496:Oral history
2437: /
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2405:Microhistory
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2150:
2141: /
2137:
2130:
2057:Pueblo clown
2042:Idiosyncrasy
2027:Eccentricity
1911:Social proof
1658:
1619:Echo chamber
1599:Collectivism
1589:Brainwashing
1520:Scapegoating
1503:Public enemy
1495:
1486:
1450:Blacklisting
1437:
1416:
1409:Proscription
1329:
1324:
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629:
619:
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579:
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557:Urban legend
552:Tourist trap
517:Folklorismus
476:Whiskey Jack
453:
443:
428:
418:
403:
394:
370:
340:
331:
309:
274:
265:mass culture
261:
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245:Mass culture
239:
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219:Folklorismus
217:
186:
178:
176:
166:
162:
161:
152:authenticity
145:
141:pizza effect
107:in Britain,
105:neo-Druidism
102:
83:, edited by
80:
75:
74:
69:clan tartans
60:
47:
37:
33:
6516:Nationalism
6429:Hagiography
6190: [
6150:Early Islam
6004: [
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5775: [
5772:Zhuge Liang
5763: [
5751: [
5748:Yuan Shikai
5719: [
5716:Sun Yat Tse
5695: [
5658: [
5621: [
5609: [
5606:Jiang Zemin
5577: [
5565: [
5557:Che Guevara
5290: [
5225:Pacific War
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4976: [
4940: [
4917:Color books
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4890: [
4867:War of 1812
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4740:(1792–1815)
4711:Sea Peoples
4696:Gallic Wars
4398: [
4386: [
4373:Revisionist
4362: [
4353:Reconquista
4343: [
4335:Inquisition
4329:Convivencia
4253: [
4241: [
4213: [
4110:Revisionism
4035: [
3983: [
3971: [
3959: [
3940: [
3882:Golden ages
3851: [
3848:Wunu School
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3716:Switzerland
3699:Kosovo Myth
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3668: [
3653:Philippines
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3609:Ages of Man
3581: [
3569: [
3557: [
3535: [
3523: [
3359: [
3356:Revisionist
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3185:Renaissance
3050:Coloniality
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3006: [
2998:Historicity
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2802:Cliometrics
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1127:Olson, 235.
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1439:Homo sacer
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1019:(1): 101.
744:2006-31826
696:. Chicago
563:References
537:Mythopoeia
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228:fairy tale
196:Pecos Bill
127:, such as
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3504:Belarus
3489:Austria
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2961:Concepts
2866:Leninist
2824:Feminist
2812:Critical
2659:Feminism
2632:Military
2586:Business
2581:Economic
2563:Cultural
2547:By topic
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2298:Logbooks
2283:Features
2248:Archives
2067:Red team
2005:Deviance
1525:Shunning
978:Folklore
908:Folklore
630:Folklore
506:See also
464:Big Mose
436:Croatian
379:You may
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179:fakelore
167:fakelore
139:and the
119:such as
109:tartanry
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5916:Judaism
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5601:Hypatia
5525:leaders
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5350:Causes
5144:Spirit
5078:Causes
5048:Causes
4913:Causes
4882:Causes
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3694:Serbia
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