107:. They were initially rejected with little hope of success. Despite Parliament's failure to pass the legislation, British mission workers in Jamaica, especially Baptists, were criticized by planters and the white population, the press, and the colonial government for being in league with the anti-slavery camp, with the "intention of effecting our ruin." The
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James
Phillippo was buried, along with his wife and daughter, across the street from his beloved Church in Spanish Town. He had built that 50 years before his death and lived to see the end of slavery on the island. He was so well respected by the Jamaican people at all social levels that the funeral
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In June 1842, Phillippo his wife Hannah and their younger son Edwin, set sail for
England. They claimed the trip for health but Philippo also used it to the Missionary Society for permission and funding for a new school and college, known as Calabar College, a type of seminary which he had built with
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The trip in 1843 was
Philippo's last major voyage abroad. Other than a few trips to the United States, Phillippo remained in Jamaica for the next 35 years. He never stopped preaching and constantly travelled all over Jamaica to bring the "Word of God" to those who needed it. When his beloved wife,
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and Bible classes. He preached to slaves in villages where his preaching ban was not common knowledge. The slaves reacted enthusiastically to his preaching and crowds of them came to church. In 1825, the
British Missionary Society granted Phillippo permission to preach to the slaves. In 1827 he
164:, Whitehorn and Abbott. The enraged planters and white mobs destroyed ten Baptist chapels and mission houses. The government used troops to suppress the uprising, which they did within two weeks, with more than 200 slaves killed outright. Afterward the government prosecuted suspects such as
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In 1831 Phillippo was unwell and needed to return to
England. He learned in February 1832 of the news of a slave insurrection that had broken out in December 1831, which became known as the Christmas Rebellion. As the government in Jamaica. Houses had been burnt, the
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In 1807 there were 350,000 slaves in
Jamaica. By 1823, there were still more than 300,000 slaves remaining on the island; the law prohibited them from practicing any form of religion. When Phillippo arrived in Jamaica in 1823, he nonetheless set out to build
208:. He acquired land (usually via agents, as the owners would not have knowingly sold to him) for settlements where emancipated slaves could live and build houses free from the threat of eviction from their former Estate hovels. He personally stood
240:, it was not until the end of apprenticeship in 1838 that all slaves were finally free. The celebration of Emancipation on 1 August 1838 was a joyous time in Spanish Town, with a large turnout of freed slaves. Phillipo was asked by Governor
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to lead the procession of the
Baptist Church and Congregation of Spanish Town, along with about 2,000 school children and their teachers to Government House, where the Proclamation of Freedom was read to a crowd of more than 8,000 people.
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for all monies borrowed, but he conveyed the land to the mission. He founded new chapels at each
Village and both Sunday (for religious study) and day schools to educate the young, also organising the training and appointment of teachers.
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described the nature of slavery, the insurrection, the great response to the gospel both from the slaves and free blacks which the missionaries had seen, and how the missionaries had suffered persecution on the island from authorities.
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in the 1820s. They were directed to stay away from commenting on the institution of slavery, which planters depended on for their lucrative sugar cane production. The island population was overwhelmingly ethnic
African, with some
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in 1912 and still operates today. While in
England, Phillippo travelled extensively, lectured to raise funds for the college, and completed the manuscript for his first book. The Phillippos returned to Jamaica in December 1843.
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He was denied permission to preach to slaves several times, but this did not stop him. Although authorities regularly threatened him with imprisonment and he received death threats from planters, he continued to set up new
267:. He continued his missionary work until he retired on Sunday, 7 July 1878. Worn out by a long, difficult life in an unfriendly climate, he died on 11 May 1879 in Spanish Town at the age of 81.
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In addition to Phillippo's many accomplishments as a minister and champion of human rights, the missionary wrote three books about Jamaica, the most notable being
67:. He served in Jamaica from 1823 to his death, with some periods lobbying in England for funds to support his work on the island. He led the founding of several
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peasantry at the end of the Apprenticeship period. They worried that the planters intended to use coercion against the freedmen as the basic means of control.
123:, believing that this made the slaves discontented with their station. Some opponents reacted by burning down missionary churches and schools for slaves.
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owners were strongly against missionaries preaching the gospel to the slaves. They were upset that the nonconformist missionaries (chiefly Baptist,
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and their families plots of land for farming in villages independent of planter control. He also wrote and published three books about Jamaica.
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about 10 miles from Spanish Town, was the location of the first Free Village. It was established by Phillipo in 1835, in anticipation of the
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of slaves three years later. After the success of Sligoville, several other Free Villages were started by Phillippo, including
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Philippo sailed from England for Jamaica in 1823 and arrived at a time of great transition: Britain had banned the Atlantic
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was a grand occasion, attracting thousands of former slaves as well as politicians, clergy, and businessmen.
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had a long and distinguished career as a lawyer, politician, and statesman, being knighted for his service.
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Many of James Phillippo's descendants live in Jamaica. Among them is a great-great-grandson, noted author
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by Guy Grannum Public Record Office Readers Guide No 11. PRO, Kew, Surrey, 2nd edition, 2002, p. 116.
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called out, and several missionaries had been arrested, including the Baptist missionaries
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Phillippo's first role in England as an advocate for the slaves came in June 1832 at the
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Phillippo and his wife had nine children together, five of whom died in childhood. Son
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A unique and highly successful innovation of Burchell and Phillippo was the system of
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Phillippo returned to Jamaica in 1834, joining with missionaries William Knibb and
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in 1807, and in 1823 propositions to abolish slavery itself were brought in the
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Phillippo was among a small group of Baptist missionaries assigned by the
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While slavery was officially ended on 1 August 1834, with the
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Hannah, died in 1874, he moved to a small cottage outside
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283:(1842), published while he was recuperating in England.
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Knibb and Burchell. Calabar College changed its name to
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Life of James Mursell Phillippo: Missionary in Jamaica
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English Baptist missionary and slavery abolitionist
426:Phillippo receives permission to preach to slaves
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382:"Acts of violence against Jamaican Missionaries"
119:) were educating slaves and teaching them the
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131:and to preach Christianity to the slaves.
477:. Wakeman Trust, London, 2006, pp. 15-16.
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612:19th-century English Baptist ministers
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543:Phillippo raises funds for new college
105:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
437:"Historical Phillippo Baptist Church"
521:Celebration of Emancipation in 1838
369:Jamaica: Its Past and Present State
281:Jamaica: Its Past and Present State
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637:Jamaican people of English descent
577:Tracing Your West Indian Ancestors
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330:. Yates & Alexander. p.
180:40th-anniversary meeting. He and
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475:Missionary Triumph over Slavery
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415:Phillippo challenges authority
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346:"Tour 3-Historic Spanish Town"
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200:Free Villages and emancipation
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79:Early years as a missionary
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85:Baptist Missionary Society
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96:and the minority whites.
526:28 February 2008 at the
463:Phillipo (1843), p. 147.
371:, J. Snow, 1843, p. 134.
172:Advocate against slavery
150:Phillippo Baptist Church
404:Phillipo (1843), p. 61.
297:. He owns the historic
59:who campaigned for the
452:Slave uprising of 1832
322:Underhill, Edward Bean
219:Saint Catherine Parish
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627:British abolitionists
617:Baptist abolitionists
348:. discoverjamaica.com
238:Slavery Abolition Act
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144:founded a church in
94:free people of color
25:Rev. James Phillippo
554:Final resting place
251:Calabar High School
40:– 11 May 1879, in
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502:on 12 August 2011
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607:1879 deaths
602:1798 births
258:Final years
139:, schools,
101:slave trade
596:Categories
309:References
303:Oracabessa
227:Oracabessa
215:Sligoville
194:free Negro
109:plantation
53:missionary
301:villa in
231:Sandy Bay
117:Methodist
61:abolition
32:(1798 in
567:, Candoo
524:Archived
324:(1881).
265:Kingston
113:Wesleyan
73:freedmen
158:militia
137:chapels
89:Jamaica
65:slavery
57:Jamaica
50:Baptist
46:Jamaica
38:England
34:Norfolk
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275:Legacy
210:surety
121:Bible
581:ISBN
508:2010
479:ISBN
354:2010
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