2217:, knowing he had no chance of being selected, recommended the eighth prince, Yinsi, and requested his father to order Yinreng's execution. The Kangxi Emperor was enraged and stripped Yinzhi of his titles. The emperor then commanded his subjects to cease debating the succession issue, but despite this and attempts to reduce rumours and speculation as to who the new crown prince might be, the imperial court's daily activities were disrupted. Yinzhi's actions caused the Kangxi Emperor to suspect that Yinreng might have been framed, so he restored Yinreng as crown prince in 1709, with the support of the 4th and 13th princes, and on the excuse that Yinreng had previously acted under the influence of mental illness.
1906:
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885:
1748:
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1377:, with 3,000 Chahar Mongol followers joining in on the revolt. The revolt was put down within two months, the Qing defeating the rebels in battle on 20 April 1675, killing Abunai and all his followers. Their title was abolished, all Chahar Mongol royal males were executed even if they were born to Manchu Qing princesses, and all Chahar Mongol royal females were sold into slavery except the Manchu Qing princesses. The Chahar Mongols were then put under the direct control of the Qing Emperor unlike the other Inner Mongol leagues which maintained their autonomy.
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1592:, who he falsely claimed converted to Islam. Kangxi falsely claimed that Galdan had spurned and turned his back on Buddhism and the Dalai Lama and that he was plotting to install a Muslim as ruler of China after invading it in a conspiracy with Chinese Muslims. Kangxi also distrusted Muslims of Turfan and Hami.
1096:. Going against the advice of most of his advisors, Kangxi attempted to force the feudal princes to give up their lands and retire to Manchuria, sparking a rebellion that lasted eight years. For years afterwards Kangxi ruminated on his mistakes and blamed himself in part for the loss of life during the revolt.
1211:. The Qing sent most of the 17 Ming princes still living on Taiwan back to mainland China, where they spent the rest of their lives. The Prince of Ningjing and his five concubines, however, committed suicide rather than submit to capture. Their palace was used as Shi Lang's headquarters in 1683, but he
2204:
Over the years, the Kangxi
Emperor kept constant watch over Yinreng and became aware of his son's many flaws, while their relationship gradually deteriorated. In 1707, the emperor decided that he could no longer tolerate Yinreng's behavior, which he partially mentioned in the imperial edict as "never
1062:
The main reason for this decline was a change in system between the Kangxi and
Qianlong emperors' reigns. The Kangxi Emperor continued using the traditional military system implemented by his predecessors, which was more efficient and stricter. According to the system, a commander who returned from a
2430:
involved the transfer of secret messages between him and trusted officials in the provinces, where the messages were contained in locked boxes that only he and the official had access to. This started as a system for receiving uncensored extreme-weather reports, which the emperor regarded as divine
2002:
to the Kangxi
Emperor, to communicate the ban on Chinese rites. Through de Tournon, the Pope insisted on sending his own representative to Beijing to oversee Jesuit missionaries in China. Kangxi refused, wanting to keep missionary activities in China under his final oversight, managed by one of the
2475:
As a result of the scaling down of hostilities as peace returned to China after the Manchu conquest, and also as a result of the ensuing rapid increase of population, land cultivation and therefore tax revenues based on agriculture, the Kangxi
Emperor was able first to make tax remissions, then in
1365:
surrendered to the Qing and he was given the title of Prince (Qin Wang, 親王). The Inner
Mongolian nobility now became closely tied to the Qing royal family and intermarried with them extensively. Ejei Khan died in 1661 and was succeeded by his brother Abunai. After Abunai showed disaffection with
2260:, and was so angry that he deposed Yinreng and placed him under house arrest again. After the incident, the emperor announced that he would not appoint any of his sons as crown prince for the remainder of his reign. He stated that he would place his Imperial Valedictory Will inside a box in the
2471:
In the one military campaign in which he actively participated, against the
Dzungar Mongols, the Kangxi Emperor showed himself an effective military commander. According to Finer, the emperor's own written reflections allow one to experience "how intimate and caring was his communion with the
2251:
In 1712, during the Kangxi
Emperor's last inspection tour of the south, Yinreng, who was put in charge of state affairs during his father's absence, tried to vie for power again with his supporters. He allowed an attempt at forcing the Kangxi Emperor to abdicate when his father returned to
4314:
A five-season
Chinese television series about the Kangxi Emperor's inspection tours to southern China. During some of his tours, the emperor disguised himself as a commoner to conceal his identity so that he can blend into society and understand commoners' daily lives better.
1471:. The relocation of the Xibe from Qiqihar is believed by Liliya M. Gorelova to be linked to the Qing's annihilation of the Manchu clan Hoifan (Hoifa) in 1697 and the Manchu tribe Ula in 1703 after they rebelled against the Qing; both Hoifan and Ula were wiped out.
2484:
altogether, without embarrassing the state treasury (although the dynasty eventually suffered from this fiscal policy, as this preserved tax rates in perpetuity, preventing later emperors from adjusting the fiscal system and hindering attempts at modernisation).
2446:
The Kangxi
Emperor managed to woo the Confucian intelligentsia into co-operating with the Qing government, despite their deep reservations about Manchu rule and loyalty to the Ming. He appealed to this very sense of Confucian values, for instance, by issuing the
2176:
custom, to ensure stability during a time of chaos in the south. Although the Kangxi
Emperor left the education of several of his sons to others, he personally oversaw the upbringing of Yinreng, grooming him to be a perfect successor. Yinreng was tutored by the
1799:. However, by persuading the scholars to work on the dictionary without asking them to formally serve the Qing imperial court, the Kangxi Emperor led them to gradually taking on greater responsibilities until they were assuming the duties of state officials.
2184:
Yinreng proved to be unworthy of the succession despite his father showing favoritism towards him. He was said to have beaten and killed his subordinates, and was alleged to have had sexual relations with one of his father's concubines, which was deemed
2315:
In the evening of 20 December 1722, just before his death, the Kangxi Emperor called seven of his sons to assemble at his bedside. They were the third, fourth, eighth, ninth, tenth, sixteenth and seventeenth princes. After the Kangxi Emperor died,
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were held every three years even during times of stress. When some scholars, out of loyalty to the Ming, refused to take the exams, he hit upon the expedient of a special exam to be taken by nomination. He personally sponsored the writing of the
1063:
battle alone (with all his men dead) would be put to death, and likewise for a foot soldier. This was meant to motivate both commanders and soldiers alike to fight valiantly in war because there was no benefit for the sole survivor in a battle.
2406:
ideology, while maintaining Manchu culture among themselves. The Kangxi Emperor completed the conquest, suppressed all significant military threats and revived the central government system inherited from the Ming with important modifications.
2205:
obeying ancestors' virtues, never obliged to my order, only doing inhumanity and devilry, only showing maliciousness and lust", and decided to strip Yinreng of his position as crown prince. The Kangxi Emperor placed his oldest surviving son,
877:, drawing on contemporary sources, described the Kangxi Emperor as "fairly tall and well proportioned, he loved all manly exercises, and devoted three months annually to hunting. Large bright eyes lighted up his face, which was pitted with
1111:
to suppress the rebellion, and also granted clemency to common people caught up in the war. He intended to personally lead the armies to crush the rebels but his subjects advised him against it. The Kangxi Emperor used mainly Han Chinese
924:, leaving Suksaha at odds with Oboi in politics. In a fierce power struggle, Oboi had Suksaha put to death and seized absolute power as sole regent. The Kangxi Emperor and the rest of the imperial court acquiesced to this arrangement.
1755:
The reasons for the declining trend in the later years of the Kangxi Emperor's reign were a huge expenditure on military campaigns and an increase in corruption. To fix the problem, the Kangxi Emperor gave Prince Yong (the future
1510:
in 1682, and only informed the emperor in 1697. He moreover kept relations with Dzungar enemies of the Qing. All this evoked the great displeasure of the Kangxi Emperor. Eventually Sangye Gyatso was toppled and killed by the
2401:
on their throne. By 1661, when the Shunzhi Emperor died and was succeeded by the Kangxi Emperor, the Qing conquest of China proper was almost complete. Leading Manchus were already using Chinese institutions and mastering
4057:, become close friends in their childhood. Wei Xiaobao helps the emperor consolidate his rule over the Qing Empire and plays an important role in how significant historical events of the Kangxi era unfold.
2267:
Seeing that Yinreng was completely disavowed, Yinsi and some other princes turned to support the 14th prince, Yinti, while the 13th prince supported Yinzhen. They formed the so-called "Eighth Lord Party"
2414:
every day, conferring with his councilors and giving audiences – and this was in normal times; in wartime, he might be reading memorials from the warfront until after midnight or even, as with the
5992:
1856:
from China with four young Chinese Christians, in order to groom them to become priests and send them back to China as missionaries. This marked the beginning of the Collegio dei Cinesi, sanctioned by
2308:, whom many considered to be the most likely candidate to succeed the Kangxi Emperor, was sent on a military campaign during the political conflict. Yinsi, along with the ninth and tenth princes,
1396:
had preserved their independence, and only paid tribute to the Qing Empire. However, a conflict between the houses of Jasagtu Khan and Tösheetü Khan led to a dispute between the Khalkha and the
5256:
1944:. The Kangxi Emperor was grateful to the Jesuits for their contributions, the many languages they could interpret, and the innovations they offered his military in gun manufacturing and
771:. Later in his reign, Kangxi became embroiled in a prolonged succession dispute. He died in 1722 at the age of 68 and was succeeded by his fourth son, who assumed the throne as the
782:(or the "Prosperous Era of Kangxi and Qianlong"), which lasted for several generations after his death. His court also accomplished such literary feats as the compilation of the
6615:
1066:
By the Qianlong Emperor's reign, military commanders had become lax and the training of the army was deemed less important as compared to during the previous emperors' reigns.
2468:. To promote his image as a "sage ruler," he appointed Manchu and Chinese tutors with whom he studied the Confucian classics and worked intensively on Chinese calligraphy.
5463:
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2181:
Wang Shan, who remained devoted to him, and spent the later years of his life trying to persuade the Kangxi Emperor to restore Yinreng as the crown prince.
2013:, which officially condemned Chinese rites. In response, the Kangxi Emperor officially forbade Christian missions in China, as they were "causing trouble".
4054:
4420:
Chinese television series set in the Kangxi era of the Qing dynasty. A woman from the 21st century accidentally travels back in time to the 18th century.
4370:
Chinese television series set in the Kangxi era of the Qing dynasty. A woman from the 21st century accidentally travels back in time to the 18th century.
5262:
4148:
2912:
2201:, gradually formed a "Crown Prince Party" (太子黨), that aimed to help Yinreng get the throne as soon as possible, even if it meant using unlawful methods.
5831:
Zhao, Gang (January 2006). "Reinventing China Imperial Qing Ideology and the Rise of Modern Chinese National Identity in the Early Twentieth Century".
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2411:
4622:
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Hong Kong television series about a chef who befriends Yinzhen (the future Yongzheng Emperor) and aids him in the power struggle for the succession.
4119:
1891:; later the emperor would play on it himself. China's famed blue and white porcelain probably reached its zenith during the Kangxi Emperor's reign.
778:
The Kangxi Emperor's reign brought about long-term stability and relative wealth after years of war and chaos. He initiated the period known as the
2347:, has attracted many rumours, and some novel-like private books claim he did not die of illness but was assassinated by a swordswoman, Lü Siniang (
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Following the deposition of the crown prince, the Kangxi Emperor implemented groundbreaking changes in the political landscape. The 13th prince,
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A prolonged struggle between various princes emerged during the Kangxi Emperor's reign over who should inherit the throne – the Nine Lords' War (
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in south China. The Grand Empress Dowager influenced him greatly and he took care of her himself in the months leading up to her death in 1688.
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announced that the emperor had selected the fourth prince, Yinzhen, as the new emperor. Yinzhen ascended to the throne and became known as the
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as his heir, but Yinzhen forged the will in his own favour. It has, however, long been refuted by serious historians. Yinzhen, later the
5884:
5376:, 13 June 2003. Quote regarding the Kangxi Emperor's stele text and its meaning: "清朝皇帝躬祀明朝皇帝 ... 禦書“治隆唐宋”（意思是讚揚朱元璋的功績超過了唐太宗李世民、宋高祖趙匡胤）"
4457:
2435:, which dealt with extraordinary, especially military, events. The council was chaired by the emperor and manned by his more elevated
1416:
and sought help from the Qing Empire in return for submission to Qing authority. In 1690, the Dzungars and Qing forces clashed at the
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remains so widespread on Taiwan that her annual celebrations can gather hundreds of thousands of people; she is sometimes even
950:, who had raised him. and began taking personal control of the empire. He listed three issues of concern: flood control of the
5255:"In the Light and Shadow of an Emperor: Tomás Pereira, S.J. (1645–1708), the Kangxi Emperor and the Jesuit Mission in China",
4077:. He orders a close aide to kill his father in order to consolidate power, and later attempts to erase evidence of the murder.
1116:
soldiers to crush the rebels while the Manchu Banners took a backseat. The revolt ended with victory for Qing forces in 1681.
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surrendered Tungning a few days later and Taiwan became part of the Qing Empire. Zheng Keshuang moved to Beijing, joined the
747:
nominated by his father. After assuming personal rule, Kangxi's attempt to revoke the fiefdoms of feudal princes sparked the
1557:
defeated a Qing army sent to the region in 1718. The Qing did not take control of Lhasa until 1720, when the Kangxi Emperor
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The Kangxi Emperor also was interested in Western technology and wanted to import them to China. This was done through
1558:
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The Russians invaded the northern frontier again in the 1680s. A series of battles and negotiations culminated in the
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4983:"restricted access The Tong in Two Worlds: Cultural Identities in Liaodong and Nurgan during the 13th-17th centuries"
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in southern China that evacuated the entire population from the seacoast to counter a resistance movement started by
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comments on his rule. However, it soon evolved into a general-purpose secret "news channel." Out of this emerged a
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with a 6,000 strong army and killed Lha-bzang Khan. The Dzungars held on to the city for three years and at the
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as a propaganda measure in quieting remaining resistance on Taiwan. The emperor approved its dedication as the
829:
513:
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Wu Sangui's forces overran most of southwest China and he tried to ally himself with local generals such as
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Chinese television series about Kangxi's efforts to recruit talented officials to manage the Yellow River.
2736:
2432:
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2059:
1979:
1408:, attacked the Khalkha from the west and invaded their territory. The Khalkha royal families and the first
985:, using this false claim to get themselves transferred to a Manchu banner in the reign of Kangxi emperor.
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5823:
5417:
5351:
4925:
2135:
1967:, barred attacks on their churches, and legalized their missions and the practice of Christianity by the
1554:
884:
5602:
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The Kangxi Emperor was a workaholic, rising early and retiring late, reading and responding to numerous
1281:
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The end of the rebel stronghold and capture of the Ming princes allowed the Kangxi Emperor to relax the
994:
847:
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614:
1933:
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Note that Xuanye was born in May 1654, and was therefore less than seven years old at the time. Both
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1900:
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An International Symposium in Commemoration of the 3rd Centenary of the death of Tomás Pereira, S.J.
1373:
Abunai bided his time then, with his brother Lubuzung, revolted against the Qing in 1675 during the
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The Kangxi Emperor was also fond of the Jesuits' respectful and unobtrusive manner; they spoke the
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1963:, the Kangxi Emperor was willing to oblige, and issued the Edict of Toleration, which recognized
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Army, was in decline under the Kangxi Emperor. It was smaller than it had been at its peak under
1009:
743:, Kangxi was enthroned at the age of seven while actual power was held for six more years by the
31:
1974:
However, controversy arose over whether Chinese Christians could still take part in traditional
1027:
The Kangxi Emperor in ceremonial armor, armed with bow and arrows, and surrounded by bodyguards.
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In 1696 and 1697 the Kangxi Emperor personally led campaigns against the Dzungars in the early
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The fourth instalment in a four-part Chinese television series about the early history of the
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Chinese television series about a romance between the Kangxi Emperor and his childhood love.
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The Kangxi Emperor was also the first Chinese emperor to play a western musical instrument.
1802:
In 1700, on the Kangxi Emperor's order, the compilation of a vast encyclopedia known as the
1710:
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to three Ming generals who aided the Qing; in 1673 the three feudatories were controlled by
6644:
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2875:(允禟), Prince of the Fourth Rank (貝子; 17 October 1683 – 22 September 1726), 17th (ninth) son
2500:
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1428:
1405:
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for her supposed assistance during the Qing invasion, promoted her to "Empress of Heaven" (
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Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies, Manchu Grammar
1959:
well, and wore the silk robes of the elite. In 1692, when Pereira requested tolerance for
1331:
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After the Qing takeover of China in 1644, large parts of the south and west were given as
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rank-and-file, how discriminating and yet masterful his relationship with his generals".
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1941:
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2779:(允䄉), Duke of the Second Rank (輔國公; 28 November 1683 – 18 October 1741), 18th (10th) son
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2831:(允禔), Prince of the Fourth Rank (貝子; 12 March 1672 – 7 January 1735), fifth (first) son
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was stripped of all his titles and only had them restored years later. The 14th prince
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was still powerful with generals such as Tuhai, Fei Yanggu, Zhang Yong, Zhou Peigong,
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of the First Rank (固倫溫憲公主; 10 November 1683 – August/September 1702), ninth daughter
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civil servants were excluded – they were left only with routine administration.
2344:
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1852:, worked as a painter and copper-engraver at the Qing court. In 1723, he returned to
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1357:, a descendant of Genghis Khan, opposed and fought against the Qing until he died of
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1044:
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772:
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4875:"Emperor Kangxi - The Emperor Who Reigned for the Longest Period in Chinese History"
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changed the dynastic name to "Great Qing" in 1636 and claimed the title of emperor.
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1048:
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1702–1709: approximately 50,000,000 taels with little variation during this period
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1872:, which would later develop to become the Istituto Orientale and the present day
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The Kangxi Emperor returning to Beijing after a southern inspection tour in 1689.
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coasts. The financial and other incentives to new settlers particularly drew the
1199:
A score of Ming princes had joined the Zheng dynasty on Taiwan, including Prince
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that incorporated Tibet into the empire. Domestically, he initially welcomed the
740:
693:
679:
637:
375:
82:
1780:
During his reign, the Kangxi Emperor ordered the compilation of a dictionary of
431:
6369:
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4241:
3316:
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2257:
1968:
1937:
1880:
1845:
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In 1669, the Kangxi Emperor had Oboi arrested with the help of his grandmother
901:
817:
473:
151:
105:
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2814:
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1718:
The contents of the national treasury during the Kangxi Emperor's reign were:
6628:
6196:
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6164:
6159:
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6149:
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6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
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6072:
6067:
6060:
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6035:
6030:
6025:
5844:
5661:
5541:
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of the Third Rank (恭勤貝勒; 10 January 1712 – 12 February 1744), 32nd (22nd) son
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of the Second Rank (和碩敦恪公主; 3 February 1691 – 2 January 1710), 15th daughter
2464:, a phrase-dictionary, a vast encyclopedia and an even vaster compilation of
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in Taiwan and Mongols in the north and northwest to submit to Qing rule, and
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of the Second Rank (和碩端靜公主; 9 June 1674 – March/April 1710), fifth daughter
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of the Second Rank (和碩溫恪公主; 31 December 1687 – 27 July 1709), 13th daughter
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to the Qing was a cataclysm whose central event was the fall of the capital
1330:
region, which concluded with the Qing gaining control of the area after the
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6434:
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5703:
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of the First Rank (固倫恪靖公主; 4 July 1679 – March/April 1735), sixth daughter
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The Kangxi Emperor devised a system of communication that circumvented the
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2378:
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1960:
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1795:, as many of them initially refused to serve him and remained loyal to the
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1585:
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1277:
1093:
951:
932:
855:
725:
721:
541:
459:
365:
3303:
of the Third Rank (誠貝勒; 14 January 1714 – 31 August 1785), 33rd (23rd) son
3259:
of the Third Rank (簡靖貝勒; 1 September 1706 – 30 June 1755), 30th (20th) son
3134:
2998:
of the First Rank (廉親王; 29 March 1681 – 5 October 1726), 16th (eighth) son
2741:
1015:
4495:
4309:
4074:
3322:
3209:
of the First Rank (固倫純慤公主; 20 March 1685 – 22 April 1710), 10th daughter
2860:
2436:
2173:
2128:
1964:
1841:
1811:
1789:
1452:
1413:
1354:
1258:
1224:
1216:
1176:
1100:
764:
706:
353:
332:
5852:
4775:, Chinese documents concerning the succession say that Xuanye was eight
6461:
6438:
6425:
5665:
4547:
4521:
4415:
4388:
3627:
3108:
2390:
2194:
2007:
1682: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1520:
1431:. The western section of the Qing army defeated Galdan's forces at the
1327:
1200:
1036:
5778:
Cambridge History of China, Vol. 9, Part 1: The Ch'ing Dynasty to 1800
5618:
Cambridge History of China, Vol. 9, Part 1: The Ch'ing Dynasty to 1800
5372:(Solving the two great riddles of the Ming Xiaoling's stone tablets).
4552:
Chinese television series about Kangxi at the beginning of his reign.
3125:(定妃) of the Wanlioha clan (萬琉哈氏; January/February 1661 – 24 May 1757)
1788:. This was seen as an attempt by the emperor to gain support from the
1743:
1721 (60th year of Kangxi, second last of his reign): 32,622,421 taels
1569:
The Kangxi Emperor incited anti-Muslim sentiment among the Mongols of
1302:
434:
5733:, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press,
5709:
Ruling from Horseback: Manchu Politics in the Oboi Regency, 1661–1669
4365:
4220:
4184:
3413:
3400:
Ulanghan clan in November/December 1692, and had issue (one daughter)
2143:
1945:
1929:
1609:
1362:
1273:
1208:
1085:
506:
5654:
Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century
5069:
3189:
2967:
2505:
2481:
2228:
stele with the Kangxi Emperor's inscription, erected in 1699 at the
2026:
1768:
1657:
5780:, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. 120–82,
5510:
5482:
4128:
4050:
4034:
3488:
of the Second Rank (和碩愨靖公主; 16 January 1690 – 1736), 14th daughter
3460:
3216:
3012:
2923:
2804:
2775:
2723:
2704:
2666:
2621:
2555:
2339:
A legend concerning the Kangxi Emperor's will states that he chose
2317:
2198:
1987:
1928:
played a large role in the imperial court. With their knowledge of
1917:
1865:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1542:
1533:; 'Buddhism Respecting', ' Deferential Khan'). The
1480:
1468:
1464:
1438:
1367:
1358:
1150:
1056:
1004:
978:
970:
878:
527:
4771:(p. 99) indicate that he was "not yet seven years old." Following
4069:. In the novel, the Kangxi Emperor discovers that his father, the
3233:(襄嬪) of the Gao clan (高氏; ? – 14 August 1746), personal name
2189:
and a capital offence. Yinreng also purchased young children from
2127:
The Kangxi Emperor on a tour, seated prominently on the deck of a
728:. His reign of 61 years makes him the longest-reigning emperor in
705:(4 May 1654 – 20 December 1722), also known by his
6420:
5730:
The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions
5146:(reprint ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 191, 192.
5090:
4592:
3601:
3563:
3383:
2871:
2768:
2543:
2518:
2451:
in 1670. He encouraged Confucian learning and made sure that the
2382:
2309:
2297:
2253:
2229:
2190:
2165:
1834:
1621:
1570:
1512:
1484:
1443:
1385:
1350:
1265:
1254:
1246:
1192:)—were similarly entered into the Eight Banners, notably serving
1154:
940:
905:
821:
760:
360:
348:
155:
117:
1341:
of 1689, by which a border was agreed between Russia and China.
5899:
4614:: The Kangxi Emperor is featured as the Chinese leader in this
3439:
3163:
3129:
3029:
2894:
2844:
2394:
2329:
2186:
2123:
1888:
1869:
1853:
1829:, whom the Kangxi Emperor frequently summoned for meetings, or
1613:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1538:
1523:, the Kangxi Emperor appointed Lha-bzang Khan Regent of Tibet (
1456:
1269:
966:
917:
909:
837:
111:
5227:
5008:(Vintage books ed.). New York. pp. xvi–xvii, 36–38.
3269:(謹嬪) of the Sehetu clan (色赫圖氏; 2 August 1682 – 23 April 1739)
1366:
Manchu Qing rule, he was placed under house arrest in 1669 in
1023:
965:
Kangxi's relatives from the Han Chinese Banner Tong 佟 clan of
327:
Kangxi: 18 February 1662 – 4 February 1723
5794:
4046:
3343:
3313:(熙嬪) of the Chen clan (陳氏; April/May 1690 – 1 February 1737)
3295:
3273:
3103:
3071:
3055:
2990:
2855:
2426:, who had a tendency to usurp the power of the emperor. This
2333:
2301:
1948:, the latter of which enabled the Qing Empire to conquer the
1550:
1546:
1081:
982:
553:
5183:
5121:
2677:(敬敏皇貴妃) of the Janggiya clan (章佳氏; ? – 20 August 1699)
2648:(恂勤郡王; 10 February 1688 – 16 February 1755), 23rd (14th) son
935:
loyalists under the leadership of Taiwan-based Ming general
6511:
3456:
Married Dondob Dorji (敦多布多爾濟; ? – 1743) of the Mongol
3291:(靜嬪) of the Shi clan (石氏; 13 December 1689 – 10 July 1758)
3141:(履懿親王; 18 January 1686 – 1 September 1763), 21st (12th) son
2598:(雍正帝; 13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), 11th (fourth) son
2530:(理密親王; 6 June 1674 – 27 January 1725), seventh (second) son
2365:
1723:
1584:. Kangxi claimed that Chinese Muslims inside China such as
913:
824:, the Kangxi Emperor was originally given the Chinese name
123:
5620:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 73–119,
3025:(成妃) of the Daigiya clan (戴佳氏; ? – 18 December 1740)
1519:
in 1705. As a reward for ridding him of his old enemy the
870:
February 1662, the first day of the following lunar year.
767:
in China, but tolerance came to an end as a result of the
5550:(in Chinese). China: Guangdong Travel and Tourism Press.
5261:, Lisbon, Portugal and Macau, China, 2008, archived from
4831:
The Kangxi Emperor's second cousin and younger sister of
2583:
1864:
in China. This Chinese Institute was the first school of
532:
518:
5143:
China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia
4818:
The Kangxi Emperor's first cousin and younger sister of
4763:(p. 1) nonetheless claim that he was "seven years old."
4053:. In the novel, the Kangxi Emperor and the protagonist,
3463:
in December 1697/January 1698 and had issue (three sons)
3329:(慎靖郡王; 27 February 1711 – 26 June 1758), 31st (21st) son
3067:(愉恪郡王; 24 December 1693 – 8 March 1731), 25th (15th) son
3051:(順懿密妃) of the Wang clan (王氏; ? – 19 November 1744)
3041:(淳度親王; 19 August 1680 – 18 May 1730), 15th (seventh) son
2693:(怡賢親王; 16 November 1686 – 18 June 1730), 22nd (13th) son
1883:
taught him how to play the harpsichord, and he employed
1370:
and the Kangxi Emperor gave his title to his son Borni.
6415:
Later Jin rulers posthumously regarded as Qing emperors
5465:
From Yao to Mao: 5000 Years of Chinese History Part III
4900:
Magill, Frank N.; Taylor, Larissa Juliet, eds. (2006).
4792:
The Kangxi Emperor's second cousin and elder sister of
3481:(貴人) of the Yuan clan (袁氏; ? – 25 September 1719)
3355:(𫍯恪親王; 5 July 1716 – 3 December 1773), 34th (24th) son
3099:(純裕勤妃) of the Chen clan (陳氏; ? – 12 January 1754)
2922:
Married Örgen (烏爾袞; ? – 1721) of the Mongol Barin
2867:(恆溫親王; 5 January 1680 – 10 July 1732), 13th (fifth) son
1487:
that had been taken by the Tibetans. The Manchu forces
619:
5681:. Vol. Seven Manchu Grammar. Brill Academic Pub.
5177:
4961:
4959:
4805:
The Kangxi Emperor's first cousin and elder sister of
3243:(胤禝; 25 October 1702 – 28 March 1704), 29th (19th) son
3115:(果毅親王; 24 March 1697 – 21 March 1738), 27th (17th) son
2956:(誠隱郡王; 23 March 1677 – 10 July 1732), 10th (third) son
2620:
Married Shun'anyan (舜安顏; ? – 1724) of the Manchu
2357:, though this is never treated seriously by scholars.
2164:, died while giving birth to his second surviving son
1600:
The Kangxi Emperor granted the title of Wujing Boshi (
1479:
In 1701, the Kangxi Emperor ordered the reconquest of
1424:, in which the Qing eventually emerged as the victor.
5307:
Crosscurrents in the Literatures of Asia and the West
3083:(莊恪親王; 28 July 1695 – 20 March 1767), 26th (16th) son
2919:(固倫榮憲公主; 20 June 1673 – 29 May 1728), third daughter
2726:
in January/February 1709 and had issue (one daughter)
1760:) advice on how to make the economy more efficient.
1361:
in 1634. Thereafter, the Inner Mongols under his son
736:. He is considered one of China's greatest emperors.
494:
478:
464:
5220:
5218:
5216:
4739:
4700:
4674:
3089:(胤祄; 15 May 1701 – 17 October 1708), 28th (18th) son
3015:(博爾濟吉特氏; ? – 12 September 1736), personal name
2256:. However, the emperor received news of the planned
2197:
pleasure. In addition, Yinreng's supporters, led by
1924:
In the early decades of the Kangxi Emperor's reign,
1545:, continued to threaten the Qing Empire and invaded
1491:
and secured the border with Tibet and the lucrative
1447:
The Kangxi Emperor at the age of 45, painted in 1699
1236:) from her previous status as a "heavenly consort" (
1008:
The Emperor mounted on his horse and guarded by his
5712:, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press,
5594:
5520:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
4956:
3212:Married Ts'ering (策棱; ? – 1750) of the Mongol
2986:(良妃) of the Wei clan (衛氏; 1662 – 29 December 1711)
2940:(長生; 10 September 1675 – 27 April 1677), eighth son
2881:(胤禌; 8 June 1685 – 22 August 1696), 20th (11th) son
2604:(胤祚; 5 March 1680 – 15 June 1685), 14th (sixth) son
2439:and Manchu household staff. From this council, the
2397:in 1644, and the installation of the five-year-old
2373:The Kangxi Emperor was a great consolidator of the
2051:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1182:. His soldiers—including the rattan-shield troops (
1130:In 1683, the naval forces of the Ming loyalists on
888:
Portrait of the young Kangxi Emperor in court dress
5796:
4944:
2909:(賽音察渾; 24 January 1672 – 6 March 1674), fourth son
2847:(郭絡羅氏; 1660 – 2 October 1733), personal name was
2003:Jesuits who had been living in Beijing for years.
1940:served as translators for the negotiations of the
1069:
5636:The History of Government from the Earliest Times
5293:, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, pp. 189-190.
5239:
5213:
4932:
3552:(12 January 1699 – December 1700 or January 1701)
3491:Married Sun Chengyun (孫承運; ? – 1719) in 1706
3396:Married Ga'erzang (噶爾臧; 1675–1722) of the Mongol
2719:Married Dorji (多爾濟; ? – 1720) of the Mongol
2369:Portrait of the old Kangxi Emperor in court dress
1982:, with the Jesuits arguing for tolerance and the
1103:. The Kangxi Emperor employed generals including
6626:
6399:
5333:, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, p. 22
5184:H.S. Brunnert; V.V. Hagelstrom (15 April 2013).
4844:The Kangxi Emperor's first cousin-twice-removed.
3471:(胤䄔; 13 September 1683 – 17 July 1684), 19th son
3422:(萬黼; 4 December 1675 – 11 March 1679), ninth son
2976:(胤禨; 23 February 1691 – 30 March 1691), 24th son
1439:Manchu Hoifan and Ula rebellion against the Qing
6007:
5651:
4713:
2903:(承瑞; 5 November 1667 – 10 July 1670), first son
2514:(承祜; 4 January 1670 – 3 March 1672), second son
2360:
1573:(Kokonor) in order to gain support against the
590:
576:
5827:(New York: Norton; 3rd, 2013), pp. 48–71.
5600:
5127:
2264:, which would only be opened after his death.
1850:Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
892:Before the Kangxi Emperor came to the throne,
6385:
5993:
4729:
4690:
4664:
4037:which romanticises the Kangxi Emperor's life.
3428:(胤禶; 10 April 1679 – 30 April 1680), 12th son
2669:(佟佳氏; September/October 1668 – 24 April 1743)
2348:
2275:
2269:
2152:
2006:On 19 March 1715, Pope Clement XI issued the
1990:". The Dominican position won the support of
1806:(completed during the reign of his successor
1804:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
1463:, and 36,000 Songyuan Xibe were resettled in
1237:
1228:
1183:
1166:
927:In the spring of 1662, the regents ordered a
797:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
429:
45:
30:"Kangxi" redirects here. For other uses, see
5799:Emperor of China: Self Portrait of K'ang Hsi
5601:Cordier, Henri; Pelliot, Paul, eds. (1922).
5006:Emperor of China: Self-portrait of Kʻang-hsi
4899:
2823:(承慶; 21 March 1670 – 26 May 1671), third son
2771:(鈕祜祿氏; 14 February 1661 – 19 December 1694)
1751:The Kangxi Emperor's Last Will and Testament
920:. Sonin died after his granddaughter became
5754:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
5187:Present Day Political Organization of China
4993:(9). Johns Hopkins University Press: 21–46.
4626:: Kangxi is featured as a minister in this
4397:attempting to overthrow the Kangxi Emperor
4133:A Hong Kong television series adapted from
2703:Married Cangjin (蒼津) of the Mongol Onnigud
2312:and Yin'e, pledged their support to Yinti.
2160:In 1674 the Kangxi Emperor's first spouse,
724:, and the second Qing emperor to rule over
6392:
6378:
6000:
5986:
5670:, Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press
5611:
5275:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5036:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4926:"NOVEMBER 9, 2018 BY - The Kangxi Emperor"
4764:
4087:The Kangxi Emperor in film and television
3572:(20 November 1708 – January/February 1709)
3536:(27 November 1695 – October/November 1707)
3339:(穆嬪) of the Chen clan (陳氏; ? – 1727)
3172:(端嬪) of the Dong clan (董氏; ? – 1702)
1318:In the 1650s, the Qing Empire engaged the
751:, which he suppressed. He also forced the
4189:Hong Kong television series adapted from
3219:in June/July 1706 and had issue (one son)
2654:
2324:. The Kangxi Emperor was entombed at the
2235:, honouring the founder of the preceding
2111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1698:Learn how and when to remove this message
5885:United States Government Printing Office
5674:
5481:
4980:
3376:(伊貴人) of the Yi clan (易氏; ? – 1728)
2744:(瓜爾佳氏; 3 December 1683 – 30 April 1768)
2364:
2219:
2142:
2134:
2122:
1904:
1887:as court musician. Slavíček was playing
1767:
1763:
1746:
1709:
1647:
1442:
1379:
1301:
1223:the next year and, honoring the goddess
1059:, Mu Zhan, Shun Shike and Wang Jingbao.
1022:
1014:
1003:
988:
883:
5461:
5063:
4928:. Columbia University. 9 November 2018.
4904:(First ed.). Pasadena, CA: Salem.
4611:Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties
4471:Chinese television series adapted from
4341:Chinese television series adapted from
3520:(16 March 1674 – January/February 1679)
2926:in June/July 1691 and had issue (a son)
2283:
1435:and Galdan died in the following year.
866:"Kangxi", only started to be used on 18
690:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
239: 1665; died 1678)
216: 1665; died 1674)
14:
6627:
5867:
5795:Kangxi and Jonathan D. Spence (1975).
5768:
5726:
5139:
5003:
4768:
4756:
4081:
4073:, has become a monk in a monastery on
4062:Seven Swords Descend from Mount Heaven
3815:
3811:
3801:
3702:
3592:
3588:
2508:(赫舍里氏; 3 February 1654 – 6 June 1674)
2419:conflict, away on campaign in person.
2016:
1722:1668 (7th year of Kangxi): 14,930,000
1031:The main army of the Qing Empire, the
496:
6373:
5981:
5702:
5660:
5540:
5079:
4950:
4780:
4760:
4011:
3968:
3965:
3955:
3943:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3913:
3907:
3897:
3885:
3875:
3871:
3859:
3856:
3846:
3833:
3823:
3819:
3798:
3788:
3775:
3765:
3761:
3749:
3743:
3733:
3720:
3710:
3706:
3690:
3684:
3674:
3658:
3648:
3644:
3632:
3626:
3616:
3600:
3596:
3249:(30 March 1703 – February/March 1705)
2934:(長華; 11 May 1674 – ?), sixth son
1932:, they ran the imperial observatory.
1772:A vase from the early Kangxi period (
1541:tribes based in parts of what is now
1043:; however, it was larger than in the
973:falsely claimed to be related to the
5880:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
5830:
5817:Ch. 3, "Kangxi's Consolidation," in
5747:
5607:. Vol. XX1. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
4965:
4938:
4301:Records of Kangxi's Travel Incognito
2632:(14 June 1686 – February/March 1697)
2586:(烏雅氏; 28 April 1660 – 25 June 1723)
2209:, in charge of overseeing Yinreng's
2049:adding citations to reliable sources
2020:
1986:taking a hard-line against foreign "
1833:, who made the first precise map of
1680:adding citations to reliable sources
1651:
1559:sent a larger expedition force there
862:), on 7 February 1661. However, his
5751:China's Last Empire: The Great Qing
5509:
5352:original words:不法祖德，不遵朕训，惟肆恶虐众，暴戾淫乱
5305:, Masayuki Akiyama, Yiu-Nam Leung.
5057:
4641:Chinese emperors family tree (late)
1595:
1194:against Russian Cossacks at Albazin
1051:emperors' reigns. In addition, the
24:
5570:
5320:Spence 1974, pp. xviii-xix, 76-79.
5166:
4853:The Kangxi Emperor's third cousin.
4393:Hong Kong television series about
3514:(23 December 1668 – November 1671)
3178:(17 April 1671 – March/April 1673)
2785:(24 October 1685 – June/July 1686)
2750:(17 November 1701 – November 1701)
2239:as surpassing the founders of the
2168:, who at the age of two was named
1996:Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon
1483:and other border towns in western
734:longest-reigning rulers in history
74:5 February 1661 – 20 December 1722
27:Emperor of China from 1661 to 1722
25:
6681:
5892:
5776:, in Peterson, Willard J. (ed.),
5675:Gorelova, Liliya M., ed. (2002).
5652:Bennet Peterson, Barbara (2000).
5616:, in Peterson, Willard J. (ed.),
4564:Dreaming Back to the Qing Dynasty
3386:(兆佳氏; ? – 21 February 1717)
1215:the emperor to convert it into a
1203:of Ningjing and Prince Honghuan (
900:) had appointed the powerful men
858:at the age of seven (or eight by
6520:
5898:
5595:Bibliography and further reading
4877:. Cultural China. Archived from
4380:The Life and Times of a Sentinel
3192:(赫舍里氏; ? – 31 October 1702)
2756:
2025:
1656:
670:
397:
55:
5564:
5534:
5503:
5475:
5455:
5446:
5437:
5424:
5406:
5397:
5379:
5356:
5345:
5336:
5323:
5314:
5296:
5291:A History of Christian Missions
5283:
5248:
5204:
5190:. Routledge. pp. 493–494.
5160:
5133:
5109:
5100:
5044:
4997:
4974:
4847:
4838:
4825:
4812:
4799:
4786:
2558:(佟佳氏; ? – 24 August 1689)
2233:mausoleum of the Hongwu Emperor
2036:needs additional citations for
1894:
1667:needs additional citations for
1638:Yan Yan (disciple of Confucius)
1375:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
1268:and permit resettlement of the
1076:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
1070:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
960:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
948:Grand Empress Dowager Zhaosheng
894:Grand Empress Dowager Zhaosheng
749:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
554:
533:
519:
236:
213:
5839:(1). Sage Publications: 3–30.
5452:Finer (1997), pp. 1156–7.
5331:China in Transition, 1517–1911
4981:Crossley, Pamela (June 1983).
4918:
4893:
4867:
4749:
4723:
4684:
4658:
4603:
4255:Adapted from Eryue He's novel
2970:(赫舍里氏; ? – 18 July 1696)
2897:(馬佳氏; ? – 26 April 1727)
2807:(博爾濟吉特氏; ? – 30 May 1670)
2674:Imperial Noble Consort Jingmin
2610:(5 July 1682 – September 1682)
2564:(13 July 1683 – 6 August 1683)
2349:
2276:
2270:
2153:
1860:to help the evangelization of
1549:in 1717. They took control of
1529:
1524:
1404:. In 1688, the Dzungar chief,
1238:
1229:
1184:
1167:
1039:and in the early reign of the
842:
833:
803:
620:
495:
479:
465:
430:
13:
1:
6655:18th-century Chinese monarchs
6650:17th-century Chinese monarchs
6580:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
5513:(2018). Minford, John (ed.).
4860:
4807:Imperial Noble Consort Quehui
3367:
2817:(葉赫那拉氏; ? – 1 May 1732)
2662:Imperial Noble Consort Quehui
2296:as well for cooperating with
1451:In 1700, some 20,000 Qiqihar
1298:Sino-Russian border conflicts
1282:continuous low-level conflict
1171:), and was inducted into the
6665:Emperors of the Qing dynasty
5647:(three-volume set, hardback)
5462:Hammond, Kenneth J. (2004).
5004:Spence, Jonathan D. (1974).
4740:
4701:
4675:
3508:(格格) of the Zhang clan (張氏)
3361:(胤禐; 2 March 1718), 35th son
3202:(那拉氏; 1664 – 1 August 1744)
3147:
2737:Imperial Noble Consort Dunyi
2546:(鈕祜祿氏; 1653 – 18 March 1678)
2361:Personality and achievements
1848:priest sent to China by the
1784:, which became known as the
1388:during the campaign of 1696.
1288:for the next few centuries.
7:
6009:Reign of the Kangxi Emperor
5956:Emperor of the Qing dynasty
5824:The Search for Modern China
5803:. New York: Vintage Books.
5604:T'oung Pao (通報) or Archives
5443:Finer (1997), p. 1142.
5432:The Search for Modern China
5418:The Search for Modern China
5329:Li, Dan J., trans. (1969).
5087:"Tainan Grand Matsu Temple"
5066:"Tainan Grand Matsu Temple"
4634:
3578:
3530:(格格) of the Wang clan (王氏)
3499:
2274:) and "Fourth Lord Party" (
1916:, with the Kangxi Emperor (
1555:Battle of the Salween River
1506:concealed the death of the
1344:
1306:Kangxi Emperor at 32 (from
1146:by 300-odd ships under the
65:Emperor of the Qing dynasty
10:
6686:
5727:Rawski, Evelyn S. (1998),
5612:Dennerline, Jerry (2002),
5128:Cordier & Pelliot 1922
4705:
4016:
3813:
3799:Kangxi Emperor (1654–1722)
3696:
3590:
3546:(格格) of the Liu clan (劉氏)
3442:(郭絡羅氏), personal name was
2791:
2493:
2453:civil service examinations
2377:. The transition from the
1898:
1564:
1295:
1123:
1073:
995:Qing dynasty in Inner Asia
992:
808:Born on 4 May 1654 to the
794:poetry anthology, and the
642:
288:
271:(before 1722)
29:
6529:
6518:
6411:
6015:
5966:
5953:
5945:
5940:
5913:
5748:Rowe, William T. (2009).
5516:The Deer and the Cauldron
5173:. 朔雪寒. GGKEY:ZFQWEX019E4.
4730:
4714:
4691:
4665:
4473:The Deer and the Cauldron
4458:The Deer and the Cauldron
4348:
4343:The Deer and the Cauldron
4328:The Deer and the Cauldron
4226:The Deer and the Cauldron
4191:The Deer and the Cauldron
4176:The Deer and the Cauldron
4135:The Deer and the Cauldron
4120:The Deer and the Cauldron
4042:The Deer and the Cauldron
4026:
3949:
3931:
3927:
3919:
3891:
3873:
3865:
3840:
3821:
3817:
3782:
3763:
3755:
3727:
3708:
3704:
3668:
3646:
3638:
3610:
3594:
2488:
2262:Palace of Heavenly Purity
1901:Chinese Rites controversy
1874:Naples Eastern University
1586:Turkic Muslims in Qinghai
1384:Emperor Kangxi's camp on
1291:
1119:
769:Chinese Rites controversy
662:
652:
636:
631:
613:
608:
604:
591:
584:
577:
570:
565:
547:
540:
526:
512:
505:
488:
472:
458:
451:
446:
442:
423:
418:
414:
409:
391:
381:
371:
359:
347:
338:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
307:
281:
192:
179:
161:
137:
133:
98:
88:
78:
70:
63:
54:
46:
41:
6660:Child monarchs from Asia
5845:10.1177/0097700405282349
5573:"《梦回大清》主演阵容新鲜出炉 众主演颜值爆表"
5403:Finer (1997), pp. 1134–5
5140:Perdue, Peter C (2009).
4902:Great lives from history
4773:East Asian age reckoning
4651:
4271:Secret History of Kangxi
4257:The Great Kangxi Emperor
4023:The Great Kangxi Emperor
3156:(安嬪) of the Li clan (李氏)
2707:in August/September 1706
2624:in October/November 1700
2353:), the granddaughter of
1837:on the emperor's order.
1810:), and a compilation of
1608:) to the descendants of
1561:to defeat the Dzungars.
1474:
1165:as the "Duke Haicheng" (
860:East Asian age reckoning
255:(died 1689)
5489:(in Chinese). 长江文艺出版社.
5434:(2013), pp. 56-58.
5368:18 October 2012 at the
5234:Les Missions Etrangeres
2213:. Yinzhi, an unfavored
1934:Jean-François Gerbillon
1126:Qing conquest of Taiwan
1019:Armoured Kangxi Emperor
999:
816:in Jingren Palace, the
763:and the propagation of
710:Emperor Shengzu of Qing
322:Era name and dates
32:Kangxi (disambiguation)
6670:Shunzhi Emperor's sons
5571:网易 (23 January 2019).
5064:Bergman, Karl (2009),
4968:Notable Women of China
4539:Legend of Dragon Pearl
4205:The Duke of Mount Deer
2655:Imperial Noble Consort
2428:Palace Memorial System
2370:
2248:
2148:
2140:
2132:
1921:
1777:
1752:
1740:1720: 39,317,103 taels
1737:1718: 44,319,033 taels
1734:1710: 45,880,000 taels
1728:1692: 27,385,631 taels
1715:
1448:
1400:over the influence of
1389:
1315:
1028:
1020:
1012:
889:
848:Manchu transliteration
757:launched an expedition
678:This article contains
6433:Enthroned in 1626 as
5869:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
5774:"The K'ang-hsi Reign"
5667:China and the Manchus
5634:Finer, S. E. (1997).
5614:"The Shun-chih Reign"
5303:Aldridge, Alfred Owen
5167:不詳 (21 August 2015).
3909:Empress Xiaokangzhang
3745:Empress Xiaozhuangwen
2458:Ming Official History
2368:
2223:
2146:
2138:
2126:
1914:Jesuit China missions
1908:
1771:
1764:Cultural achievements
1750:
1713:
1648:Economic achievements
1537:, a confederation of
1446:
1418:Battle of Ulan Butung
1410:Jebtsundamba Khutuktu
1383:
1305:
1134:—organized under the
1026:
1018:
1007:
989:Military achievements
887:
814:Empress Xiaokangzhang
739:The third son of the
621:Engke Amuɣulang Khaan
386:Empress Xiaokangzhang
5920:House of Aisin-Gioro
5907:at Wikimedia Commons
5391:21 February 2014 at
5342:Spence 1974, p. 120.
5074:, Tainan: Word Press
4104:Kangxi Emperor actor
2501:Empress Xiaochengren
2300:. The eighth prince
2284:Death and succession
2162:Empress Xiaochengren
2045:improve this article
1676:improve this article
1406:Galdan Boshugtu Khan
1349:The Inner Mongolian
922:Empress Xiaochengren
658:Elhe Taifin Hūwangdi
202:Empress Xiaochengren
6447:began to rule over
5770:Spence, Jonathan D.
5656:. M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
5547:Qijian Xia Tianshan
5210:Spence 1974, p. 73.
5106:Spence 1974, p. xv.
4987:Ch'ing-shih Wen-t'i
4833:Empress Xiaozhaoren
4794:Noble Consort Wenxi
4088:
4082:Film and television
4065:, a wuxia novel by
2764:Noble Consort Wenxi
2579:Empress Xiaogongren
2539:Empress Xiaozhaoren
2476:1712 to freeze the
2424:scholar-bureaucrats
2292:, was placed under
2017:Succession disputes
1994:, who in 1705 sent
1950:Kingdom of Tungning
1942:Treaty of Nerchinsk
1912:astronomers of the
1840:From 1711 to 1723,
1823:Jesuit missionaries
1816:Complete Tang Poems
1793:scholar-bureaucrats
1588:were plotting with
1339:Treaty of Nerchinsk
1284:with the returning
1175:as a member of the
1144:defeated off Penghu
1140:Kingdom of Tungning
1114:Green Standard Army
1053:Green Standard Army
791:Complete Tang Poems
753:Kingdom of Tungning
264:Empress Xiaogongren
225:Empress Xiaozhaoren
5819:Jonathan D. Spence
5289:Neill, S. (1964).
4966:Peterson, Bennet.
4628:Strategy Click-RPG
4616:real-time strategy
4086:
4012:In popular culture
3834:Yangzhen (d. 1621)
3327:of the Second Rank
3065:of the Second Rank
2954:of the Second Rank
2646:of the Second Rank
2466:Chinese literature
2371:
2249:
2149:
2147:Middle-aged Kangxi
2141:
2133:
1922:
1827:Ferdinand Verbiest
1782:Chinese characters
1778:
1753:
1716:
1455:were resettled in
1449:
1433:Battle of Jao Modo
1390:
1316:
1221:Grand Matsu Temple
1029:
1021:
1013:
890:
572:Mongolian Cyrillic
186:Eastern Qing tombs
171:Changchun Garden,
6622:
6621:
6367:
6366:
5976:
5975:
5970:Yongzheng Emperor
5967:Succeeded by
5903:Media related to
5874:"Hsüan-yeh"
5648:
5421:(2013), pp. 67-68
5265:on 22 August 2009
5245:Manteigne, p. 178
5224:Mantienne, p. 180
5197:978-1-135-79795-9
5071:Tainan City Guide
4911:978-1-587-65222-6
4820:Empress Xiaoyiren
4601:
4600:
4513:Chronicle of Life
4487:Gilded Chopsticks
4200:Hong Kong/Taiwan
4149:The Ching Emperor
4008:
4007:
3857:Tulai (1606–1658)
3660:Empress Xiaocigao
3353:of the First Rank
3139:of the First Rank
3113:of the First Rank
3097:Consort Chunyuqin
3081:of the First Rank
3039:of the First Rank
2917:of the First Rank
2865:of the First Rank
2691:of the First Rank
2595:Yongzheng Emperor
2551:Empress Xiaoyiren
2528:of the First Rank
2462:Kangxi Dictionary
2345:Yongzheng Emperor
2322:Yongzheng Emperor
2121:
2120:
2113:
2095:
1786:Kangxi Dictionary
1758:Yongzheng Emperor
1708:
1707:
1700:
1530:Yìfǎ Gōngshùn Hán
1320:Tsardom of Russia
1312:Nouveaux Memoires
1280:, who would have
785:Kangxi Dictionary
773:Yongzheng Emperor
716:, was the fourth
686:rendering support
666:
665:
627:
626:
561:
560:
514:Yale Romanization
453:Standard Mandarin
405:
404:
343:
342:
299:Yongzheng Emperor
248:Empress Xiaoyiren
93:Yongzheng Emperor
16:(Redirected from
6677:
6524:
6457:
6451:, replacing the
6417:
6394:
6387:
6380:
6371:
6370:
6002:
5995:
5988:
5979:
5978:
5960:Emperor of China
5946:Preceded by
5936:
5935:20 December 1722
5929:
5911:
5910:
5902:
5888:
5876:
5864:
5814:
5802:
5790:
5765:
5743:
5722:
5704:Oxnam, Robert B.
5699:
5697:
5695:
5671:
5657:
5639:
5630:
5608:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5459:
5453:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5435:
5428:
5422:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5395:
5383:
5377:
5360:
5354:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5334:
5327:
5321:
5318:
5312:
5300:
5294:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5274:
5266:
5252:
5246:
5243:
5237:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5211:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5137:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5107:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5083:
5077:
5075:
5061:
5055:
5050:Manthorpe 2008,
5048:
5042:
5041:
5035:
5027:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4963:
4954:
4948:
4942:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4881:on 21 March 2013
4871:
4854:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4836:
4829:
4823:
4816:
4810:
4803:
4797:
4790:
4784:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4707:
4704:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4089:
4085:
4031:historical novel
4028:
3584:
3583:
3049:Consort Shunyimi
2608:Seventh daughter
2352:
2351:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2156:
2155:
2116:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2060:"Kangxi Emperor"
2053:
2029:
2021:
1980:ancestor worship
1957:Chinese language
1858:Pope Clement XII
1703:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1660:
1652:
1596:Chinese nobility
1531:
1526:
1489:stormed Dartsedo
1429:Dzungar–Qing War
1402:Tibetan Buddhism
1332:Siege of Albazin
1324:border conflicts
1241:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1187:
1186:
1180:Plain Red Banner
1170:
1169:
954:; repair of the
896:(in the name of
869:
844:
835:
712:, personal name
692: instead of
674:
673:
648:
623:
622:
606:
605:
600:
599:
598:
586:Mongolian script
580:
579:
578:Энх амгалан хаан
557:
556:
536:
535:
522:
521:
501:
500:
499:
484:
483:
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468:
467:
444:
443:
438:
437:
407:
406:
401:
309:
308:
292:
272:
256:
240:
238:
217:
215:
184:Jing Mausoleum,
173:Imperial Gardens
168:
165:20 December 1722
150:Jingren Palace,
147:
145:
59:
50:
49:
48:
39:
38:
21:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6618:
6525:
6516:
6445:Shunzhi Emperor
6442:
6431:
6413:
6407:
6398:
6368:
6363:
6011:
6006:
5972:
5963:
5958:
5951:
5949:Shunzhi Emperor
5930:
5924:
5923:
5916:
5915:Kangxi Emperor
5895:
5811:
5788:
5762:
5741:
5720:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5628:
5597:
5592:
5591:
5581:
5579:
5569:
5565:
5558:
5539:
5535:
5528:
5508:
5504:
5497:
5480:
5476:
5471:. pp. 7–8.
5468:
5460:
5456:
5451:
5447:
5442:
5438:
5429:
5425:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5384:
5380:
5370:Wayback Machine
5361:
5357:
5350:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5328:
5324:
5319:
5315:
5301:
5297:
5288:
5284:
5268:
5267:
5254:
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5249:
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5240:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5214:
5209:
5205:
5198:
5182:
5178:
5165:
5161:
5154:
5138:
5134:
5126:
5122:
5114:
5110:
5105:
5101:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5062:
5058:
5049:
5045:
5029:
5028:
5016:
5002:
4998:
4979:
4975:
4964:
4957:
4949:
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4933:
4924:
4923:
4919:
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4898:
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4882:
4873:
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4868:
4863:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4848:
4843:
4839:
4830:
4826:
4817:
4813:
4804:
4800:
4791:
4787:
4765:Dennerline 2002
4754:
4750:
4744:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4637:
4623:Call Me Emperor
4606:
4581:Mainland China
4560:Mainland China
4084:
4071:Shunzhi Emperor
4019:
4014:
4009:
3686:Shunzhi Emperor
3581:
3518:Fourth daughter
3502:
3370:
3230:Concubine Xiang
3176:Second daughter
3150:
2794:
2759:
2740:(惇怡皇貴妃) of the
2665:(愨惠皇貴妃) of the
2657:
2582:(孝恭仁皇后) of the
2562:Eighth daughter
2554:(孝懿仁皇后) of the
2542:(孝昭仁皇后) of the
2504:(孝誠仁皇后) of the
2496:
2491:
2399:Shunzhi Emperor
2363:
2286:
2193:to satisfy his
2117:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2054:
2052:
2042:
2030:
2019:
1992:Pope Clement XI
1978:ceremonies and
1903:
1897:
1766:
1704:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1673:
1661:
1650:
1598:
1567:
1535:Dzungar Khanate
1493:tea-horse trade
1477:
1441:
1394:Khalkha Mongols
1347:
1322:in a series of
1300:
1294:
1128:
1122:
1078:
1072:
1041:Shunzhi Emperor
1002:
997:
991:
937:Zheng Chenggong
929:Great Clearance
898:Shunzhi Emperor
867:
810:Shunzhi Emperor
806:
741:Shunzhi Emperor
732:and one of the
730:Chinese history
699:
698:
697:
694:Manchu alphabet
684:Without proper
675:
671:
646:
644:
596:
594:
592:
534:Hong1-hei1 Dai3
480:
376:Shunzhi Emperor
303:
286:
285:
277:
274:
270:
266:
258:
254:
250:
242:
234:
230:
227:
219:
211:
207:
204:
188:
170:
166:
149:
143:
141:
129:
83:Shunzhi Emperor
44:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6683:
6673:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6635:Kangxi Emperor
6620:
6619:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6397:
6396:
6389:
6382:
6374:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6220:
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6214:
6209:
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6194:
6189:
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6168:
6167:
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6157:
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6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6116:
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6110:
6105:
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6095:
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6028:
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6020:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6005:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5982:
5974:
5973:
5968:
5965:
5952:
5947:
5943:
5942:
5941:Regnal titles
5938:
5937:
5917:
5914:
5909:
5908:
5905:Kangxi Emperor
5894:
5893:External links
5891:
5890:
5889:
5871:, ed. (1943).
5865:
5828:
5815:
5809:
5792:
5786:
5766:
5760:
5745:
5739:
5724:
5718:
5700:
5687:
5672:
5662:Giles, Herbert
5658:
5649:
5632:
5626:
5609:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5563:
5556:
5542:Liang, Yusheng
5533:
5527:978-0190836054
5526:
5518:: 3 Volume Set
5502:
5496:978-7535468987
5495:
5487:Kangxi Emperor
5474:
5454:
5445:
5436:
5423:
5405:
5396:
5378:
5374:People's Daily
5363:明孝陵两大“碑石之谜”被破解
5355:
5344:
5335:
5322:
5313:
5295:
5282:
5247:
5238:
5226:
5212:
5203:
5196:
5176:
5159:
5153:978-0674042025
5152:
5132:
5120:
5108:
5099:
5092:Chinatownology
5078:
5056:
5043:
5014:
4996:
4973:
4970:. p. 328.
4955:
4943:
4931:
4917:
4910:
4892:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4846:
4837:
4824:
4811:
4798:
4785:
4783:, p. 62).
4748:
4722:
4683:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4646:Kangxi Tongbao
4643:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4619:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4590:
4587:
4585:The Long River
4582:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4545:
4542:
4535:
4534:Mainland China
4532:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4519:
4516:
4509:
4508:Mainland China
4506:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4490:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4475:
4469:
4464:
4461:
4454:
4453:Mainland China
4451:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4439:
4436:
4429:
4428:Mainland China
4426:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4413:
4410:
4403:
4402:Mainland China
4399:
4398:
4391:
4386:
4383:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4363:
4360:
4353:
4352:Mainland China
4350:
4346:
4345:
4339:
4334:
4331:
4324:
4323:Mainland China
4321:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4304:
4297:
4296:Mainland China
4294:
4290:
4289:
4283:
4278:
4275:
4267:
4266:Mainland China
4264:
4260:
4259:
4253:
4248:
4245:
4242:Kangxi Dynasty
4238:
4237:Mainland China
4235:
4231:
4230:
4217:
4212:
4209:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4187:
4182:
4179:
4172:
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4109:
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4102:
4099:
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4093:
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4058:
4038:
4018:
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4010:
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4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
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3991:
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3807:
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3802:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3776:Boli (d. 1654)
3774:
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3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3757:
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3555:
3554:
3553:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3515:
3512:First daughter
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3466:
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3405:
3404:
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3377:
3369:
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3365:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3356:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3289:Concubine Jing
3285:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3244:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3196:Concubine Tong
3193:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3170:Concubine Duan
3167:
3160:Concubine Jing
3157:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3093:
3092:
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3084:
3068:
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3043:
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3020:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2980:
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2960:
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2935:
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2927:
2910:
2904:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2868:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2824:
2808:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2780:
2767:(溫僖貴妃) of the
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2742:Gūwalgiya clan
2732:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2694:
2670:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2547:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2515:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2393:, then to the
2387:peasant rebels
2362:
2359:
2285:
2282:
2119:
2118:
2033:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2000:representative
1969:Chinese people
1938:Thomas Pereira
1899:Main article:
1896:
1893:
1885:Karel Slavíček
1881:Thomas Pereira
1831:Karel Slavíček
1765:
1762:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1706:
1705:
1664:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1644:'s offspring.
1620:, Ran family (
1597:
1594:
1580:Mongol leader
1566:
1563:
1517:Lha-bzang Khan
1508:5th Dalai Lama
1476:
1473:
1461:Inner Mongolia
1440:
1437:
1422:Inner Mongolia
1346:
1343:
1296:Main article:
1293:
1290:
1247:Belief in Mazu
1207:), the son of
1159:Zheng Keshuang
1124:Main article:
1121:
1118:
1090:Geng Jingzhong
1074:Main article:
1071:
1068:
1001:
998:
990:
987:
939:, also titled
818:Forbidden City
805:
802:
703:Kangxi Emperor
688:, you may see
676:
669:
668:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:
656:
650:
649:
640:
634:
633:
629:
628:
625:
624:
617:
611:
610:
609:Transcriptions
602:
601:
588:
582:
581:
574:
568:
567:
566:Mongolian name
563:
562:
559:
558:
551:
545:
544:
538:
537:
530:
524:
523:
516:
510:
509:
507:Yue: Cantonese
503:
502:
492:
486:
485:
476:
470:
469:
462:
456:
455:
449:
448:
447:Transcriptions
440:
439:
427:
421:
420:
416:
415:
412:
411:
410:Kangxi Emperor
403:
402:
395:
389:
388:
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369:
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351:
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305:
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209:
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196:
194:
190:
189:
183:
181:
177:
176:
169:(aged 68)
163:
159:
158:
152:Forbidden City
139:
135:
134:
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130:
128:
127:
121:
115:
109:
102:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
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72:
68:
67:
61:
60:
52:
51:
42:Kangxi Emperor
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6682:
6671:
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6666:
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6658:
6656:
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6641:
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6505:
6503:
6500:
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6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6443:In 1644, the
6440:
6436:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6395:
6390:
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6018:
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6014:
6010:
6003:
5998:
5996:
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5989:
5984:
5983:
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5971:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5950:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5927:
5922:
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5912:
5906:
5901:
5897:
5896:
5886:
5882:
5881:
5875:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5793:
5789:
5787:0-521-24334-3
5783:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5761:9780674036123
5757:
5753:
5752:
5746:
5742:
5740:0-520-22837-5
5736:
5732:
5731:
5725:
5721:
5719:0-226-64244-5
5715:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5701:
5690:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5650:
5646:
5645:0-19-822904-6
5642:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5627:0-521-24334-3
5623:
5619:
5615:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5599:
5598:
5578:
5574:
5567:
5559:
5557:9787805216461
5553:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5537:
5529:
5523:
5519:
5517:
5512:
5506:
5498:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5478:
5467:
5466:
5458:
5449:
5440:
5433:
5427:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5400:
5394:
5393:archive.today
5390:
5387:
5382:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5348:
5339:
5332:
5326:
5317:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5299:
5292:
5286:
5278:
5272:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5251:
5242:
5235:
5230:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5207:
5199:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5180:
5172:
5171:
5163:
5155:
5149:
5145:
5144:
5136:
5130:, p. 33.
5129:
5124:
5117:
5116:Gorelova 2002
5112:
5103:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5082:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5047:
5039:
5033:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5015:0-679-72074-X
5011:
5007:
5000:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4977:
4969:
4962:
4960:
4953:, p. 40.
4952:
4947:
4941:, p. 63.
4940:
4935:
4927:
4921:
4913:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4866:
4850:
4841:
4834:
4828:
4821:
4815:
4808:
4802:
4795:
4789:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4767:(p. 119) and
4766:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4742:
4737:
4726:
4719:ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ
4711:
4703:
4698:
4687:
4677:
4672:
4661:
4657:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4467:Wei Qianxiang
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4407:Scarlet Heart
4404:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4338:
4337:Wallace Chung
4335:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4219:Adapted from
4218:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4159:Julian Cheung
4157:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4067:Liang Yusheng
4064:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3963:
3962:
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3923:
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3900:
3895:
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3869:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3854:
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3849:
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3843:
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3831:
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3827:
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3809:
3808:
3805:
3804:
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3718:
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3714:
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3700:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3635:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3586:
3585:
3571:
3570:20th daughter
3568:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3551:
3550:17th daughter
3548:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3535:
3534:16th daughter
3532:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3462:
3461:Borjigin clan
3459:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3382:(布貴人) of the
3381:
3380:Noble Lady Bu
3378:
3375:
3374:Noble Lady Yi
3372:
3371:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3302:
3299:(允祁), Prince
3298:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3277:(允祜), Prince
3276:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:Concubine Jin
3265:
3264:
3258:
3255:(允禕), Prince
3254:
3251:
3248:
3247:19th daughter
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3218:
3217:Borjigin clan
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:Ula-Nara clan
3197:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3164:Wanggiya clan
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:Consort Cheng
3021:
3018:
3014:
3013:Borjigin clan
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2994:(允禩), Prince
2993:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:Consort Liang
2982:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2925:
2924:Borjigin clan
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:Ula-Nara clan
2812:
2809:
2806:
2805:Borjigin clan
2803:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2784:
2783:11th daughter
2781:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2757:Noble Consort
2749:
2748:18th daughter
2746:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2724:Borjigin clan
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2705:Borjigin clan
2702:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:Tunggiya clan
2664:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2630:12th daughter
2628:
2623:
2622:Tunggiya clan
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2570:(August 1689)
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:Tunggiya clan
2553:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2433:Grand Council
2429:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2356:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2326:Eastern Tombs
2323:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2145:
2137:
2130:
2125:
2115:
2112:
2104:
2101:February 2020
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062: –
2061:
2057:
2056:Find sources:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2034:This article
2032:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1774:Guimet Museum
1770:
1761:
1759:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1702:
1699:
1691:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1665:This section
1663:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1504:Sangye Gyatso
1501:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:Eight Banners
1164:
1163:Qing nobility
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:Zheng dynasty
1133:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:Eight Banners
1025:
1017:
1011:
1006:
996:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
886:
882:
880:
876:
875:Herbert Giles
871:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
839:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
801:
799:
798:
793:
792:
787:
786:
781:
780:High Qing era
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
704:
695:
691:
687:
683:
681:
661:
657:
655:
651:
641:
639:
638:Manchu script
635:
630:
618:
616:
612:
607:
603:
589:
587:
583:
575:
573:
569:
564:
552:
550:
546:
543:
539:
531:
529:
525:
517:
515:
511:
508:
504:
498:
493:
491:
487:
477:
475:
471:
463:
461:
457:
454:
450:
445:
441:
436:
433:
428:
426:
422:
417:
413:
408:
400:
396:
394:
390:
387:
384:
380:
377:
374:
370:
367:
364:
362:
358:
355:
352:
350:
346:
337:
334:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
306:
300:
297:
296:
294:
291:
290:
284:
280:
265:
260:
249:
244:
226:
221:
203:
198:
197:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
174:
164:
160:
157:
153:
140:
136:
132:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
53:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6568:N. Dynasties
6564:S. Dynasties
6471:
6453:Ming dynasty
6449:China proper
6432:
6430:
6414:
6405:Qing dynasty
6008:
5954:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5878:
5836:
5833:Modern China
5832:
5822:
5798:
5777:
5750:
5729:
5708:
5692:. Retrieved
5677:
5666:
5653:
5635:
5617:
5603:
5580:. Retrieved
5576:
5566:
5545:
5536:
5514:
5505:
5486:
5477:
5464:
5457:
5448:
5439:
5431:
5426:
5416:
5408:
5399:
5386:吕四娘刺雍正 只是个传说
5381:
5373:
5358:
5347:
5338:
5330:
5325:
5316:
5306:
5298:
5290:
5285:
5263:the original
5257:
5250:
5241:
5233:
5229:
5206:
5186:
5179:
5169:
5162:
5142:
5135:
5123:
5111:
5102:
5091:
5081:
5070:
5059:
5046:
5005:
4999:
4990:
4986:
4976:
4967:
4946:
4934:
4920:
4901:
4895:
4883:. Retrieved
4879:the original
4869:
4849:
4840:
4827:
4814:
4801:
4788:
4751:
4725:
4686:
4660:
4621:
4609:
4563:
4537:
4511:
4485:
4472:
4456:
4442:Winston Chao
4431:
4405:
4378:
4355:
4342:
4326:
4299:
4287:Qing dynasty
4269:
4256:
4251:Chen Daoming
4240:
4224:
4204:
4190:
4174:
4147:
4134:
4118:
4060:
4040:
4022:
3569:
3564:Niohuru clan
3562:(格格) of the
3559:
3549:
3543:
3533:
3527:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3485:
3478:
3468:
3450:
3443:
3438:(貴人) of the
3435:
3425:
3419:
3412:(貴人) of the
3409:
3390:
3384:Joogiya clan
3379:
3373:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3337:Concubine Mu
3336:
3324:
3317:
3311:Concubine Xi
3310:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3206:
3198:(通嬪) of the
3195:
3188:(僖嬪) of the
3186:Concubine Xi
3185:
3175:
3169:
3162:(敬嬪) of the
3159:
3154:Concubine An
3153:
3136:
3128:
3123:Consort Ding
3122:
3110:
3102:
3096:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3054:
3048:
3036:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3008:(宣妃) of the
3006:Consort Xuan
3005:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2973:
2966:(平妃) of the
2964:Consort Ping
2963:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2931:
2914:
2907:Saiyinchahun
2906:
2900:
2893:(榮妃) of the
2890:Consort Rong
2889:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2848:
2843:(宜妃) of the
2838:
2827:
2820:
2813:(惠妃) of the
2810:
2800:(慧妃) of the
2797:
2782:
2774:
2769:Niohuru clan
2762:
2747:
2735:
2713:
2697:
2688:
2681:
2672:
2660:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2577:
2567:
2561:
2549:
2544:Niohuru clan
2537:
2525:
2517:
2511:
2499:
2474:
2470:
2449:Sacred Edict
2445:
2421:
2409:
2379:Ming dynasty
2375:Qing dynasty
2372:
2338:
2314:
2294:house arrest
2287:
2266:
2250:
2237:Ming dynasty
2226:turtle-based
2211:house arrest
2203:
2183:
2170:crown prince
2159:
2150:
2139:Young Kangxi
2107:
2098:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2055:
2043:Please help
2038:verification
2035:
2010:
2005:
1973:
1961:Christianity
1954:
1923:
1920:, 1690–1705)
1895:Christianity
1878:
1862:Christianity
1839:
1820:
1801:
1797:Ming dynasty
1779:
1754:
1717:
1694:
1688:October 2010
1685:
1674:Please help
1669:verification
1666:
1642:Duke of Zhou
1618:Zhuansun Shi
1606:Wǔjīng Bóshì
1605:
1599:
1568:
1528:
1499:
1498:The Tibetan
1497:
1478:
1450:
1426:
1412:crossed the
1391:
1372:
1348:
1336:
1317:
1311:
1286:Punti people
1263:
1242:
1233:
1213:memorialized
1198:
1189:
1157:'s grandson
1148:Qing admiral
1129:
1105:Zhou Peigong
1098:
1094:Shang Zhixin
1079:
1065:
1061:
1030:
964:
952:Yellow River
945:
926:
891:
872:
851:
841:
825:
807:
795:
789:
783:
777:
745:Four Regents
738:
726:China proper
722:Qing dynasty
713:
709:
702:
700:
677:
542:Southern Min
520:Hōng-hēi Dai
481:Kʻang-hsi Ti
460:Hanyu Pinyin
419:Chinese name
287:
167:(1722-12-20)
36:
6645:1722 deaths
6640:1654 births
6560:16 Kingdoms
5577:ent.163.com
4939:Rowe (2009)
4769:Rawski 1998
4757:Spence 2002
4715:Энх амгалан
4706:ᡝᠯᡥᡝ ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ
4702:Elhe taifin
4604:Video games
4589:Television
4568:Television
4496:Elliot Ngok
4310:Zhang Guoli
4215:Patrick Tam
4211:Television
4163:TVB series
4075:Mount Wutai
4055:Wei Xiaobao
3911:(1638–1663)
3747:(1613–1688)
3688:(1638–1661)
3662:(1575–1603)
3630:(1592–1643)
3604:(1559–1626)
3440:Gorolo clan
3190:Hešeri clan
2968:Hešeri clan
2895:Magiya clan
2845:Gorolo clan
2811:Consort Hui
2798:Consort Hui
2568:Miscarriage
2506:Hešeri clan
2437:Han Chinese
2355:Lü Liuliang
2258:coup d'etat
2195:pedophiliac
2174:Han Chinese
2011:Ex illa die
1965:Catholicism
1842:Matteo Ripa
1812:Tang poetry
1790:Han Chinese
1414:Gobi Desert
1355:Ligdan Khan
1259:Virgin Mary
1251:syncretized
1217:Mazu temple
1190:tengpaiying
1101:Wang Fuchen
981:佟佳 clan of
956:Grand Canal
873:Sinologist
804:Early reign
765:Catholicism
707:temple name
654:Möllendorff
632:Manchu name
555:Khong-hi Tè
354:Aisin-Gioro
333:Temple name
126:(1661–1669)
120:(1661–1667)
114:(1661–1667)
108:(1661–1667)
79:Predecessor
6629:Categories
6552:3 Kingdoms
6439:Hong Taiji
5964:1661–1722
5928:4 May 1654
5810:0394714113
5688:9004123075
5511:Cha, Louis
4951:Giles 1912
4861:References
4781:Oxnam 1975
4761:Oxnam 1975
4680:ᡥᡳᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠶᡝᡳ
4676:Hiowan yei
4548:Qin Junjie
4544:Television
4522:Hawick Lau
4518:Television
4492:Television
4463:Television
4433:The Palace
4416:Damian Lau
4412:Television
4389:Power Chan
4385:Television
4362:Television
4333:Television
4306:Television
4277:Television
4247:Television
4181:Television
4155:Television
4125:Television
3966:Lady Gioro
3628:Hong Taiji
3479:Noble Lady
3436:Noble Lady
3410:Noble Lady
3368:Noble Lady
2938:Changsheng
2840:Consort Yi
2592:(胤禛), the
2391:Li Zicheng
2247:dynasties.
2071:newspapers
2008:papal bull
1984:Dominicans
1825:, such as
1640:, and the
1521:Dalai Lama
1392:The Outer
1328:Amur River
1326:along the
1201:Zhu Shugui
1037:Hong Taiji
1010:bodyguards
993:See also:
854:). He was
852:hiowan yei
474:Wade–Giles
148:4 May 1654
144:1654-05-04
6477:Yongzheng
5861:144587815
5032:cite book
4710:Mongolian
4482:Hong Kong
4375:Hong Kong
4366:Kent Tong
4293:1998–2007
4223:'s novel
4221:Louis Cha
4185:Steven Ma
4171:Hong Kong
4144:Hong Kong
4115:Hong Kong
4049:novel by
3484:Princess
3449:Princess
3414:Nara clan
3389:Princess
3205:Princess
3148:Concubine
3017:Chenglian
2913:Princess
2821:Chengqing
2712:Princess
2696:Princess
2613:Princess
2412:memorials
2404:Confucian
1976:Confucian
1946:artillery
1930:astronomy
1808:Yongzheng
1610:Shao Yong
1502:(regent)
1459:, modern
1363:Ejei Khan
1274:Guangdong
1209:Zhu Yihai
1086:Wu Sangui
1045:Yongzheng
856:enthroned
175:, Beijing
89:Successor
6512:Xuantong
6497:Xianfeng
6492:Daoguang
6482:Qianlong
6401:Emperors
5853:20062627
5772:(2002),
5706:(1975),
5664:(1912),
5544:(1956).
5485:(2018).
5483:Eryue He
5430:Spence,
5389:Archived
5366:Archived
5309:, p. 54
5271:citation
5118:, p. 36.
5024:18931977
4885:21 March
4635:See also
4571:Liu Jun
4208:(小宝与康熙)
4129:Andy Lau
4051:Jin Yong
4035:Eryue He
3579:Ancestry
3560:Mistress
3544:Mistress
3528:Mistress
3506:Mistress
3500:Mistress
3444:Buyinzhu
3398:Kharchin
3391:Duanjing
3325:Shenjing
3257:Jianjing
3079:Zhuangke
3010:Khorchin
2952:Chengyin
2932:Changhua
2915:Rongxian
2901:Chengrui
2849:Nalanzhu
2802:Khorchin
2721:Khorchin
2682:Yinxiang
2584:Uya clan
2478:land tax
2441:mandarin
2318:Longkodo
2290:Yinxiang
2199:Songgotu
2179:mandarin
1988:idolatry
1918:Beauvais
1866:Sinology
1634:Bu Shang
1630:Ran Yong
1626:Ran Geng
1543:Xinjiang
1481:Kangding
1469:Liaoning
1465:Shenyang
1398:Dzungars
1368:Shenyang
1359:smallpox
1345:Mongolia
1308:le Comte
1257:and the
1151:Shi Lang
1057:Shi Lang
1049:Qianlong
979:Tunggiya
971:Liaoning
879:smallpox
864:era name
615:SASM/GNC
595:ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ
528:Jyutping
466:Kāngxīdì
6507:Guangxu
6502:Tongzhi
6487:Jiaqing
6467:Shunzhi
6462:Taizong
6426:Taizong
6403:of the
5582:1 March
5236:, p. 83
4741:Šengdzu
4593:Luo Jin
4017:Fiction
3721:Jaisang
3602:Nurhaci
3566:(鈕祜祿氏)
3486:Quejing
3458:Khalkha
3359:Yinyuan
3349:Prince
3323:Prince
3279:Gongqin
3214:Khalkha
3207:Chunque
3135:Prince
3109:Prince
3077:Prince
3061:Prince
3035:Prince
2950:Prince
2872:Yuntang
2863:Hengwen
2861:Prince
2792:Consort
2687:Prince
2642:Prince
2615:Wenxian
2590:Yinzhen
2524:Prince
2519:Yunreng
2512:Chenghu
2494:Empress
2417:Dzungar
2395:Manchus
2389:led by
2385:to the
2383:Beijing
2310:Yintang
2298:Yinreng
2254:Beijing
2230:Nanjing
2215:Shu son
2191:Jiangsu
2166:Yinreng
2085:scholar
1998:as his
1926:Jesuits
1846:Italian
1835:Beijing
1622:Ran Qiu
1575:Dzungar
1571:Qinghai
1565:Muslims
1513:Khoshut
1485:Sichuan
1386:Kerulen
1353:leader
1314:, 1696)
1266:Sea Ban
1255:Guanyin
1243:Tianfei
1234:Tianhou
1155:Koxinga
1138:as the
977:Manchu
975:Jurchen
941:Koxinga
918:regents
906:Suksaha
830:Chinese
822:Beijing
761:Jesuits
720:of the
718:emperor
647:ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ
425:Chinese
361:Dynasty
339:Shengzu
273:
269:
257:
253:
241:
233:
229:
218:
210:
206:
193:Spouses
156:Beijing
118:Suksaha
6592:W. Xia
6472:Kangxi
5931:
5859:
5851:
5807:
5784:
5758:
5737:
5716:
5685:
5643:
5624:
5554:
5524:
5493:
5413:Spence
5194:
5150:
5095:, 2015
5052:p. 108
5022:
5012:
4908:
4736:Manchu
4697:Manchu
4671:Manchu
4395:Fuquan
4357:Palace
4281:Xia Yu
4274:(康熙秘史)
4152:(天子屠龍)
4107:Notes
4095:Region
3451:Kejing
3446:(布音珠)
3426:Yinzan
3416:(那拉氏)
3351:Xianke
3347:(允秘),
3321:(允禧),
3133:(允祹),
3130:Yuntao
3107:(允禮),
3087:Yinxie
3075:(允祿),
3059:(允禑),
3037:Chundu
3033:(允佑),
3030:Yunyou
2948:(允祉),
2945:Yunzhi
2859:(允祺),
2851:(納蘭珠)
2828:Yunzhi
2689:Yixian
2685:(胤祥),
2644:Xunqin
2640:(允禵),
2602:Yinzuo
2522:(允礽),
2489:Family
2482:corvée
2460:, the
2330:Zunhua
2207:Yinzhi
2187:incest
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2058:
1910:Jesuit
1889:Spinet
1870:Europe
1854:Naples
1814:, the
1614:Zhu Xi
1590:Galdan
1582:Galdan
1515:ruler
1457:Guisui
1351:Chahar
1292:Russia
1270:Fujian
1142:—were
1132:Taiwan
1120:Taiwan
1092:, and
967:Fushun
958:; the
912:, and
910:Ebilun
868:
843:Xuanye
840::
838:pinyin
832::
826:Xuanye
788:, the
714:Xuanye
680:Manchu
645:ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ
549:Tâi-lô
382:Mother
372:Father
317:Xuanye
289:Detail
180:Burial
112:Ebilun
99:Regent
18:Kangxi
6536:Shang
6421:Taizu
5933:Died:
5926:Born:
5857:S2CID
5849:JSTOR
5694:6 May
5469:(PDF)
4745:ᡧᡝᠩᡯᡠ
4652:Notes
4630:game.
4618:game.
4578:2022
4557:2019
4197:2000
4098:Title
4047:wuxia
4029:), a
3469:Yinju
3420:Wanfu
3344:Yunbi
3318:Yunxi
3301:Cheng
3296:Yunci
3274:Yunhu
3253:Yunyi
3241:Yinji
3237:(在儀)
3235:Zaiyi
3166:(王佳氏)
3111:Guoyi
3104:Yunli
3072:Yunlu
3056:Yunxu
2991:Yunsi
2974:Yinji
2879:Yinzi
2856:Yunki
2776:Yun'e
2714:Dunke
2698:Wenke
2637:Yunti
2341:Yinti
2334:Hebei
2306:Yinti
2302:Yinsi
2092:JSTOR
2078:books
1844:, an
1724:taels
1578:Oirat
1551:Lhasa
1547:Tibet
1539:Oirat
1525:翊法恭順汗
1475:Tibet
1278:Hakka
1253:with
1109:Tuhai
1082:fiefs
983:Jilin
902:Sonin
682:text.
349:House
312:Names
283:Issue
267:
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235:(
231:
212:(
208:
106:Sonin
71:Reign
6608:Qing
6604:Ming
6600:Yuan
6588:Song
6584:Liao
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6338:1722
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6328:1720
6321:1719
6316:1718
6311:1717
6306:1716
6301:1715
6296:1714
6291:1713
6286:1712
6281:1711
6276:1710
6269:1709
6264:1708
6259:1707
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6244:1704
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6217:1699
6212:1698
6207:1697
6202:1696
6197:1695
6192:1694
6187:1693
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6177:1691
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6130:1682
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6113:1879
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6078:1672
6073:1671
6068:1670
6061:1669
6056:1668
6051:1667
6046:1666
6041:1665
6036:1664
6031:1663
6026:1662
6022:____
6019:____
5805:ISBN
5782:ISBN
5756:ISBN
5735:ISBN
5714:ISBN
5696:2014
5683:ISBN
5641:ISBN
5622:ISBN
5584:2019
5552:ISBN
5522:ISBN
5491:ISBN
5277:link
5192:ISBN
5148:ISBN
5038:link
5020:OCLC
5010:ISBN
4906:ISBN
4887:2013
4759:and
4531:2017
4505:2016
4479:2014
4450:2014
4438:Film
4425:2013
4349:2011
4320:2008
4263:2006
4234:2001
4168:1998
4141:1995
4112:1984
4101:Type
4092:Year
4045:, a
4027:康熙大帝
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3063:Yuke
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2996:Lian
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2480:and
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2243:and
2241:Tang
2172:– a
2154:九子奪嫡
2129:junk
2064:news
1936:and
1602:五經博士
1500:desi
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1272:and
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1107:and
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