483:, Poland. That was due largely to an investigation based on allegations of his improper behavior at Buchenwald, which included corruption, fraud, embezzlement, drunkenness, sexual offences and a murder. Koch commanded the Majdanek camp for only one year; he was relieved from his duties while 86 Soviet POWs escaped from the camp in August 1942. Koch was charged with criminal negligence and transferred to Berlin, where he worked at the
545:
503:, a head hospital orderly at Buchenwald, which he recognized because Krämer had successfully treated him in the past. Hereditary Prince Josias investigated the case and found that Koch, as the Camp Commandant, had ordered Krämer and Karl Peix, a hospital attendant, killed as "political prisoners" because they had treated him for
520:. As a result of the investigation, more of Koch's orders to kill prisoners at the camp were revealed, as well as embezzlement of property stolen from prisoners. The Kochs had used the massive Nazi apparatus to gain an enormous amount of wealth. The Kochs were both arrested in August 1943 to await trial by an SS court.
560:), usually rendered in English as "The Bitch of Buchenwald." Though Ilse Koch never had any official job at Buchenwald or at any other concentration camp, many inmates alleged that she used the tacit authority she had as the commandant's wife to abuse prisoners, or seek their punishment by the camp SS.
527:
formally indicted the Kochs on 17 August 1944, charging Karl Koch with the "embezzlement and concealing of funds and goods in an amount of at least 200,000 RM," and the "premeditated murder" of three inmates—ostensibly to prevent them from giving evidence to the SS investigatory commission. Ilse was
507:
and he feared it might be discovered. Josias also received reports that a certain prisoner had been shot while attempting to escape, and discovered that in fact, the prisoner had been told to get water from a well some distance from the camp, then was shot from behind; he had also helped treat Koch
448:. Briefly, he was the officer in charge of the Esterwegen Concentration Camp guard unit, officer in charge of the preventive custody camp in the Lichtenburg Concentration Camp, and the adjutant at Dachau Concentration Camp. On 13 June 1935, he became commander of the
421:
in Black. After World War I, Koch worked as a commercial manager, an authorized signatory and insurance agent and became unemployed in 1932 (he had served a prison sentence in 1930 for embezzlement and forgery). In 1931, he joined the
536:. Contrary to some claims, however, Karl's body was not burned in the camp's crematoria, as they had run short of coal and had stopped operating in mid-March 1945. Instead, his body was disposed of in an unknown location.
511:
By that time, Koch had been transferred to the
Majdanek concentration camp in Poland, but his wife, Ilse, was still living at the Commandant's house in Buchenwald. Waldeck ordered a full-scale investigation of the camp by
528:
charged with the "habitual receiving of stolen goods, and taking for her benefit at least 25,000 RM..." The trial resulted in Koch being sentenced to death for disgracing both himself and the SS. Koch was executed by
552:
Koch first married Käte Müller in 1924 and had one psychiatrically troubled son named
Manfred; however, this marriage ended with divorce in 1931 due to his infidelity. On 25 May 1937, Koch married
1263:
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394:, on 2 August 1897. His father worked in a local registrar's office and died when Karl was eight years old. After completing elementary school in 1912, Koch attended
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Whitlock Flint: Buchenwaldské bestie: Karl a Ilse
Kochovi a lampy se stínítkem z lidské kůže, Grada Publishing, a.s., 29 September 2015 p. 326-327
620:
Gedenkstätte
Buchenwald: Buchenwald Concentration Camp, 1937–1945: A Guide to the Permanent Historical Exhibition, Wallstein Verlag, 2004 p. 41-43
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Mark
Jacobson: The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective Story from Buchenwald to New Orleans, Simon and Schuster, 14 September 2010 p. 15
499:, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, in 1941. While perusing the death list of Buchenwald, Hereditary Prince Josias had seen the name of
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556:(née Margarete Ilse Köhler), with whom he had a son and two daughters. Ilse became known later as "The Witch of Buchenwald" (
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Rescue and
Resistance: Portraits of the Holocaust, Macmillan Library Reference USA, 1 January 1999 p. 311.
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444:(Thirty-fifth SS Regiment Kassel, SS Special Detachment Saxony). In 1934, he took command of the
250:
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1941:
1878:
1808:
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2014:
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and returned to
Germany in 1919. As a soldier, he behaved well and was awarded the
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366:. From September 1941 until August 1942, he served as the first commandant of the
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475:. He remained at Buchenwald until September 1941, when he was transferred to the
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2019:
2004:
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1413:
1408:
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374:, stealing vast amounts of valuables and money from murdered Jews. His wife,
346:
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225:
52:
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until he was captured by the
British. Koch spent the rest of the war as a
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1999:
1936:
1921:
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1692:
1682:
919:
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concentration camp. Within a few years (September 1937) he advanced to
457:
423:
414:
359:
306:
284:
181:
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1951:
1524:
553:
453:
387:
375:
143:
44:
2539:
2501:
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476:
344:; 2 August 1897 – 5 April 1945) was a mid-ranking commander in the
99:
456:
and, in April 1936, he was assigned to the concentration camp at
3026:
1142:
532:
on 5 April 1945 one week before
American allied troops arrived
480:
187:
74:
594:
1583:
Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators
789:(3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 885.
544:
487:
and as a liaison between the SS and the German Post Office.
679:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 64–65.
495:
Koch's actions at
Buchenwald first caught the attention of
3140:
International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
806:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 293.
3323:
World War I prisoners of war held by the United Kingdom
3233:
German people who died in Buchenwald concentration camp
3001:
1011:
764:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 14.
737:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 77.
3293:
People from Hesse executed in Nazi concentration camps
803:
Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'
761:
Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'
734:
Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'
676:
Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'
829:, Revue de la Fondation Auschwitz, Bruxelles, 2005.
471:On 1 August 1937, he was given command of the new
784:
378:, also participated in the crimes at Buchenwald.
3194:
2502:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical
597:"Majdanek Concentration Camp (a.k.a. KL Lublin)"
848:Commandant of Columbia-Haus concentration camp
3303:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
3273:Nazis executed by Nazi Germany by firing squad
2987:
2487:
1568:
1128:
997:
827:L’exemplarité du commandant SS Karl Otto Koch
3223:Executed Nazi concentration camp commandants
3173:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
693:
460:. Four months later, he was assigned to the
1143:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks
599:. H.E.A.R.T, Holocaust Research Project.org
516:, an SS officer who was an SS-judge in the
417:Second Class, the Observer's Badge and the
398:and completed a commercial apprenticeship.
3308:Sachsenhausen concentration camp personnel
2994:
2980:
2494:
2480:
1575:
1561:
1135:
1121:
1004:
990:
3258:Lichtenburg concentration camp personnel
628:
626:
616:
614:
588:
543:
490:
3213:Buchenwald concentration camp personnel
3098:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
657:
581:
3238:German prisoners of war in World War I
3195:
3081:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials
2441:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
799:
757:
730:
672:
653:
651:
649:
647:
595:Chris Webb, Carmelo Lisciotto (2007).
435:
3278:People convicted of murder by Germany
3263:Majdanek concentration camp personnel
2975:
2475:
1556:
1116:
985:
623:
611:
339:
3298:People from the Grand Duchy of Hesse
3228:German Army personnel of World War I
787:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
401:In 1916, he volunteered to join the
354:who was the first commandant of the
3002:Aftermath, trials and commemoration
1013:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
644:
577:, Allied airman taken to Buchenwald
156:
13:
3163:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
14:
3334:
3268:Military personnel from Darmstadt
3248:Holocaust perpetrators in Germany
3243:German people convicted of murder
2845:Special Prosecution Book – Poland
479:concentration camp for POWs near
3283:People convicted of embezzlement
3253:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
3022:Population transfers (1944–1946)
2071:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
967:September 1941 – 24 August 1942
909:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
889:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
289:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
130:
3125:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
3037:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
940:1 August 1937 – September 1941
793:
778:
751:
152:
126:
3288:People executed by Nazi courts
3218:Executed German mass murderers
2453:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118
2429:36th Estonian Police Battalion
843:SS-Oberführer Alexander Reiner
724:
715:
666:
635:
446:Sachsenburg Concentration Camp
392:Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt
49:Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt
1:
3120:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
2950:Human medical experimentation
936:Buchenwald concentration camp
913:October 1936 – 1 August 1937
877:Esterwegen concentration camp
662:, Westview Press, p. 341
473:Buchenwald concentration camp
293:Buchenwald concentration camp
285:Esterwegen concentration camp
71:Buchenwald concentration camp
16:German SS officer (1897–1945)
881:20 April 1936 – August 1936
851:13 June 1935 – 1 April 1936
7:
3155:Righteous Among the Nations
3042:Ministry of Public Security
2421:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
1031:Related articles by country
963:Majdanek concentration camp
563:
548:Ilse Koch after her arrest.
497:SS-Obergruppenführer Josias
450:Columbia concentration camp
368:Majdanek concentration camp
297:Majdanek concentration camp
10:
3339:
3067:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
2449:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
785:William L. Shirer (1990).
658:Hackett, David A. (1995),
3153:
3110:
3080:
3059:
3050:
3007:
2971:
2922:
2902:
2863:
2840:Sobibor perpetrator album
2797:
2788:
2723:
2692:
2685:
2599:
2558:
2507:
2471:
2425:Estonian Auxiliary Police
2407:
2351:
2326:
2190:
2183:
2084:
2028:
1970:
1912:
1741:
1595:
1588:
1552:
1535:Human medical experiments
1517:
1379:
1337:
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1209:
1157:
1148:
1112:
1108:
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969:
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953:
942:
932:
926:
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846:
840:
835:
539:
440:Koch served with several
326:
302:
280:
266:
256:
236:
221:
216:
212:
208:
198:
179:
175:
167:
105:
95:
90:Execution by firing squad
85:
59:
30:
23:
3088:Auschwitz trial (Poland)
2433:Latvian Auxiliary Police
2166:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
1668:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
703:. Germania International
485:SS Personnel Main Office
356:Nazi concentration camps
307:1914 Iron cross II class
3178:Garden of the Righteous
2930:Identification in camps
2923:Technical and logistics
2369:Order Police battalions
899:SS-Obersturmbannführer
701:"Schutzstaffel: The SS"
558:Die Hexe von Buchenwald
381:
2591:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2056:Heinrich Klaustermeyer
800:Jardim, Tomaz (2023).
758:Jardim, Tomaz (2023).
731:Jardim, Tomaz (2023).
673:Jardim, Tomaz (2023).
549:
271:Einjährig-Freiwilliger
3313:Schutzhaftlagerführer
3130:Majdanek State Museum
2263:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
1167:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
660:The Buchenwald Report
570:Buchenwald Resistance
547:
491:Prosecution and death
257:Years of service
2607:Mordechai Anielewicz
2318:Elisabeth Volkenrath
2203:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
1839:Arthur Liebehenschel
1764:Hermine Braunsteiner
1708:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
945:SS-Standartenführer
582:Notes and references
534:to liberate the camp
518:SS Court Main Office
403:Imperial German Army
251:SS-Totenkopfverbände
129: 1924;
3318:SS-Standartenführer
3145:March of the Living
3017:Holocaust survivors
2881:Vrba–Wetzler report
2657:Alexander Pechersky
2617:Mordechai Tenenbaum
2066:Alexander Palfinger
1889:Johann Schwarzhuber
1449:Międzyrzec Podlaski
1428:Lviv pogroms (1941)
1329:Sonderaktion Krakau
972:SS-Sturmbannführer
514:Georg Konrad Morgen
466:SS-Standartenführer
436:Service with the SS
321:German Sports Badge
86:Cause of death
3060:West German trials
2855:Wannsee Conference
2642:Itzhak Katzenelson
2394:General Government
1879:Franz Reichleitner
1809:Fritz Hartjenstein
1799:Maximilian Grabner
1718:Bruno Streckenbach
1530:Grossaktion Warsaw
1183:Operation Reinhard
550:
405:and fought on the
386:Koch was born in
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3106:
3105:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2918:
2917:
2910:Sonderaktion 1005
2784:
2783:
2467:
2466:
2445:Ypatingasis būrys
2347:
2346:
2288:Johanna Langefeld
2283:Hildegard Lächert
2179:
2178:
2015:Alfred Trzebinski
1980:Franz von Bodmann
1932:Lorenz Hackenholt
1774:Theodor van Eupen
1713:Jakob Sporrenberg
1548:
1547:
1272:
1271:
980:
979:
970:Succeeded by
943:Succeeded by
916:Succeeded by
884:Succeeded by
854:Succeeded by
836:Military offices
825:Benoît Cazenave,
330:
329:
317:Black wound badge
3330:
3072:Treblinka trials
3057:
3056:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2871:Graebe affidavit
2864:Witness accounts
2810:Frank memorandum
2795:
2794:
2690:
2689:
2677:Szmul Zygielbojm
2667:Frumka Płotnicka
2627:Leon Feldhendler
2612:Icchak Cukierman
2566:Ghetto uprisings
2496:
2489:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2417:Schutzmannschaft
2238:Feodor Fedorenko
2188:
2187:
2096:Wolfgang Birkner
1884:Heinrich Schwarz
1874:Josef Oberhauser
1849:Heinrich Matthes
1733:Dieter Wisliceny
1723:Richard Thomalla
1698:Heinz Reinefarth
1648:Heinrich Himmler
1593:
1592:
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1563:
1554:
1553:
1518:Other atrocities
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954:Preceded by
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897:Preceded by
865:Preceded by
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454:Berlin-Tempelhof
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311:Hindenburg Cross
275:Standartenführer
238:
199:Criminal penalty
184:
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154:
134:
132:
128:
66:
40:
38:
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20:
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3149:
3102:
3093:Stutthof trials
3076:
3046:
3003:
3000:
2959:
2945:Holocaust train
2914:
2898:
2886:Witold's Report
2876:Gerstein Report
2859:
2825:Katzmann Report
2805:Auschwitz Album
2780:
2719:
2681:
2647:Michał Klepfisz
2595:
2554:
2503:
2500:
2463:
2403:
2373:Ordnungspolizei
2343:
2322:
2303:Erich Muhsfeldt
2233:Margot Dreschel
2218:Alexander Bülow
2175:
2171:Udo von Woyrsch
2161:Hermann Schaper
2156:Emanuel Schäfer
2141:Josef Meisinger
2101:Helmut Bischoff
2080:
2036:Heinz Auerswald
2024:
1966:
1914:
1908:
1904:Christian Wirth
1814:Gottlieb Hering
1737:
1703:Julian Scherner
1688:Georg Michalsen
1673:Franz Kutschera
1633:Odilo Globocnik
1584:
1581:
1544:
1513:
1375:
1333:
1314:Kielce cemetery
1268:
1205:
1144:
1141:
1104:
1015:
1010:
976:
966:
957:
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939:
930:
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912:
903:
901:Michael Lippert
892:
880:
871:
860:
858:Heinrich Deubel
850:
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542:
493:
438:
411:prisoner of war
384:
372:occupied Poland
336:
319:
315:
313:
309:
295:
291:
287:
273:
261:
249:
245:
229:
217:Military career
191:
180:
163:
162:
150:
146:
136:
133: 1931)
124:
120:
117:
96:Criminal status
81:
68:
64:
55:
42:
36:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3336:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3135:Sobibór Museum
3132:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2892:Sonderkommando
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2835:Posen speeches
2832:
2830:Korherr Report
2827:
2822:
2820:Höfle telegram
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2662:Witold Pilecki
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2637:Henryk Iwański
2634:
2632:Paweł Frenkiel
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2476:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2437:Arajs Kommando
2413:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2366:
2359:Einsatzgruppen
2355:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2313:Alice Orlowski
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2228:John Demjanjuk
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2126:Gerhard Flesch
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2087:Einsatzgruppen
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2029:Ghetto command
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Horst Schumann
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1869:Johann Niemann
1866:
1861:
1856:
1854:Hermann Michel
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1829:Karl-Otto Koch
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1769:Irmfried Eberl
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1658:Fritz Katzmann
1655:
1650:
1645:
1643:Arthur Greiser
1640:
1638:Richard Glücks
1635:
1630:
1625:
1623:Ludwig Fischer
1620:
1615:
1613:Adolf Eichmann
1610:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1277:Mass shootings
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1264:Danzig-Matzkau
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1229:Kraków-Płaszów
1226:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1117:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1008:
1001:
994:
986:
978:
977:
971:
968:
961:Commandant of
958:
955:
951:
950:
947:Hermann Pister
944:
941:
934:Commandant of
931:
928:
924:
923:
918:SS-Oberführer
917:
914:
907:Commandant of
904:
898:
894:
893:
887:absorbed into
885:
882:
875:Commandant of
872:
867:SS-Oberführer
866:
862:
861:
856:SS-Oberführer
855:
852:
845:
842:
838:
837:
831:
830:
820:
819:
812:
792:
777:
770:
750:
743:
723:
714:
692:
685:
665:
643:
634:
622:
610:
586:
585:
583:
580:
579:
578:
572:
565:
562:
541:
538:
508:for syphilis.
492:
489:
437:
434:
383:
380:
333:Karl-Otto Koch
328:
327:
324:
323:
314:Air Raid Medal
304:
300:
299:
282:
278:
277:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
243:Deutsches Heer
240:
234:
233:
223:
219:
218:
214:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
185:
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
148:
142:
141:
140:
139:
122:
118:
115:
114:
113:
112:
109:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
69:
67:(aged 47)
61:
57:
56:
43:
32:
28:
27:
25:Karl-Otto Koch
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3335:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:Kielce pogrom
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2850:Stroop Report
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:Documentation
2787:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2622:Marek Edelman
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:Organizations
2506:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2409:Collaboration
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:Organizations
2350:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Eduard Lorenz
2296:
2294:
2293:Anton Lechner
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:Josef Kollmer
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:Kurt Gerstein
2246:
2244:
2243:Hans Hoffmann
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:Juana Bormann
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Erich Naumann
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Lothar Beutel
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2076:Jürgen Stroop
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:Josef Blösche
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2020:Eduard Wirths
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:Josef Mengele
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Horst Fischer
1993:
1991:
1990:Karl Gebhardt
1988:
1986:
1985:Carl Clauberg
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:Ludwig Plagge
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Herbert Lange
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Kurt Bolender
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1899:Gustav Wagner
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:Franz Hössler
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Karl Fritzsch
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1759:Wilhelm Boger
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:Erwin Lambert
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:Wilhelm Koppe
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:Hermann Höfle
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1618:Theodor Eicke
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:Aktion Krakau
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:Bloody Sunday
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1211:Concentration
1208:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1159:Extermination
1156:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
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1028:
1027:The Holocaust
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813:9780674249189
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771:9780674249189
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744:9780674249189
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531:
526:
525:Konrad Morgen
521:
519:
515:
509:
506:
502:
501:Walter Krämer
498:
488:
486:
482:
478:
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469:
467:
463:
462:Sachsenhausen
459:
455:
451:
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442:SS-Standarten
433:
431:
430:
429:Schutzstaffel
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:Western Front
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389:
379:
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373:
369:
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364:Sachsenhausen
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349:
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347:Schutzstaffel
342:
341:[kɔx]
334:
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247:Schutzstaffel
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232:
227:
226:German Empire
224:
220:
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186:
183:
182:Conviction(s)
178:
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145:
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62:
58:
54:
53:German Empire
50:
46:
41:2 August 1897
33:
29:
22:
19:
2891:
2815:Höcker Album
2798:Nazi sources
2686:Victim lists
2652:Miles Lerman
2459:Trawniki men
2399:Hotel Polski
2308:Detlef Nebbe
2273:Oswald Kaduk
2268:Karl Jeschke
2146:Bruno Müller
2136:Felix Landau
2121:Ernst Damzog
2116:Karl Brunner
2085:
2061:Franz Konrad
1962:Adolf Theuer
1915:executioners
1894:Franz Stangl
1864:Robert Mulka
1834:Josef Kramer
1828:
1784:Karl Frenzel
1754:Richard Baer
1749:Hans Aumeier
1742:Camp command
1728:Otto Wächter
1608:Josef Bühler
1603:Viktor Brack
1589:Perpetrators
1181:
1023:Main article
960:
933:
906:
886:
874:
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826:
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795:
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733:
726:
717:
705:. Retrieved
695:
675:
668:
659:
637:
601:. Retrieved
590:
575:Phil Lamason
557:
551:
530:firing squad
522:
510:
494:
470:
441:
439:
427:
400:
396:Mittelschule
385:
352:Nazi Germany
345:
332:
331:
231:Nazi Germany
193:Embezzlement
116:Käte Müller
79:Nazi Germany
65:(1945-04-05)
63:5 April 1945
18:
3208:1945 deaths
3203:1897 births
2935:Gas chamber
2903:Concealment
2894:photographs
2741:Gross-Rosen
2710:Lviv (Lwów)
2672:Roza Robota
2576:Częstochowa
2208:Herta Bothe
2198:Hans Anhalt
2191:Camp guards
2131:Ludwig Hahn
2111:Paul Blobel
2051:Franz Bürkl
2041:Hans Biebow
2000:Fritz Klein
1937:Josef Klehr
1922:Erich Bauer
1913:Gas chamber
1859:Karl Möckel
1844:Maria Mandl
1819:Rudolf Höss
1804:Otto Hantke
1693:Oswald Pohl
1683:Ernst Lerch
1494:Stanisławów
1404:Częstochowa
1294:Bronna Góra
1224:Gross-Rosen
1219:Auschwitz I
920:Hans Helwig
869:Hans Loritz
468:(colonel).
419:Wound Badge
144:Ilse Köhler
3197:Categories
2258:Irma Grese
2253:Paul Götze
2223:Luise Danz
1972:Physicians
1779:Kurt Franz
1628:Hans Frank
1596:Organizers
1540:Heidelager
974:Max Koegel
458:Esterwegen
424:Nazi Party
415:Iron Cross
360:Buchenwald
260:1916–1919
222:Allegiance
190:(3 counts)
37:1897-08-02
3112:Memorials
3009:Aftermath
2776:Treblinka
2731:Auschwitz
2586:Treblinka
2571:Białystok
2559:Uprisings
2339:Treblinka
2184:Personnel
1952:Otto Moll
1942:Hans Koch
1794:Amon Göth
1525:Action T4
1489:Sosnowiec
1459:Nowy Sącz
1394:Białystok
1361:Szczuczyn
1309:Erntefest
1299:Bydgoszcz
1284:Białystok
1199:Treblinka
1075:Lithuania
603:11 August
554:Ilse Koch
523:SS Judge
388:Darmstadt
376:Ilse Koch
262:1931–1945
228:(to 1919)
45:Darmstadt
2955:Zyklon B
2771:Trawniki
2766:Stutthof
2751:Majdanek
1499:Tarnopol
1439:Lubartów
1351:Jedwabne
1254:Trawniki
1244:Stutthof
1234:Potulice
1177:Majdanek
1095:Slovakia
564:See also
505:syphilis
477:Majdanek
426:and the
350:(SS) of
281:Commands
237:Service/
168:Children
100:Executed
2940:Gas van
2756:Sobibór
2693:Ghettos
2600:Leaders
2581:Sobibor
2334:Sobibor
2327:By camp
1474:Siedlce
1381:Ghettos
1366:Tykocin
1338:Pogroms
1324:Palmiry
1249:Szebnie
1194:Sobibor
1172:Chełmno
1100:Ukraine
1085:Romania
1065:Germany
1055:Estonia
1050:Denmark
1045:Croatia
1040:Belgium
1035:Belarus
337:German:
161:
149:
135:
123:
119:
106:Spouses
3052:Trials
3027:Bricha
2761:Soldau
2746:Izbica
2736:Bełżec
2715:Warsaw
2700:Kraków
2540:Żegota
1509:Warsaw
1484:Słonim
1479:Sambor
1454:Mizocz
1444:Lublin
1419:Kraków
1414:Kielce
1409:Grodno
1389:Będzin
1371:Wąsosz
1347:(1946)
1345:Kielce
1259:Warsaw
1239:Soldau
1189:Belzec
1090:Russia
1080:Norway
1070:Latvia
1060:France
810:
768:
741:
707:18 May
683:
540:Family
481:Lublin
432:(SS).
303:Awards
239:branch
188:Murder
155:
75:Weimar
2724:Camps
2384:RKFDV
1504:Wilno
1469:Radom
1464:Pińsk
1399:Brest
1304:Dynów
1150:Camps
203:Death
159:)
151:(
147:
125:(
121:
3167:List
2705:Łódź
2525:Bund
2389:VoMi
2379:WVHA
1434:Łódź
1424:Lwów
1356:Lviv
956:none
929:none
808:ISBN
766:ISBN
739:ISBN
709:2009
681:ISBN
605:2013
382:Life
362:and
267:Rank
157:1937
131:div.
60:Died
31:Born
2550:ŻZW
2545:ŻOB
2535:PKB
2520:AOB
452:in
370:in
358:at
3199::
2530:GL
2515:AK
2451:/
2447:,
2443:,
2439:,
2435:,
2431:,
2427:/
2423:,
2363:SS
646:^
625:^
613:^
390:,
153:m.
127:m.
77:,
73:,
51:,
47:,
3169:)
3165:(
2995:e
2988:t
2981:v
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2419:(
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2371:(
2365:)
2361:(
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1426:(
1136:e
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1122:v
1005:e
998:t
991:v
816:.
774:.
747:.
711:.
689:.
607:.
335:(
171:4
39:)
35:(
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