296:("Morals for Women", 1882) and contacts with the CSMV, Ramabai went to Britain in 1883 to start medical training; she was rejected from medical programs because of progressive deafness. During her stay she converted to Christianity. Among the reasons Ramabai gave for her conversion was her growing disillusionment with orthodox Hinduism and particularly what she saw as its ill regard of women. In an autobiographical account of her conversion written years later, Ramabai wrote that there were, "only two things on which all those books, the Dharma Shastras, the sacred epics, the Puranas and modern poets, the popular preachers of the present day and orthodox high-caste men, were agreed, that women of high and low caste, as a class were bad, very bad, worse than demons, as unholy as untruth; and that they could not get Moksha. as men." Ramabai had a contentious relationship with her Anglican "mentors" in England, particularly Sister Geraldine, and asserted her independence in a variety of ways: she maintained her vegetarian diet, rejected aspects of Anglican doctrine that she regarded as irrational, including the doctrine of the
371:, a matron came upon a dormitory of girls weeping, praying, and confessing their sins. Then, one girl testified that she had been startled from sleep by the sensation of being bathed in fire. As Michael Bergunder has argued, the Mukti Mission was part of a network of Protestant missionary institutions that by the early twentieth century spanned the globe. This network was constituted by a vast system of newsletters, pamphlets, books and other kinds of print media, along with conferences that brought missionaries into conversation with each other, and travel that took missionaries and supporters from one mission station to the next. Thus, news about the "holy fire" at the Mukti Mission, along with revivals happening with apparent simultaneity around the world led many to believe a global "outpouring of the Holy Spirit" was underway. Many missionaries came personally to Kedgaon to visit and volunteer, in response to the news of the outbreak of the Holy Spirit among the students.
346:. Although Ramabai did not engage in overt evangelism, she did not hide her Christian faith either, and when several students converted to Christianity, she lost the backing of Pune's Hindu reform circles. She moved the school 60 kilometers east to the much quieter village of Kedgaon, and changed its name to the Mukti Mission. In 1896, during a severe famine, Ramabai toured the villages of Maharashtra with a caravan of bullock carts and rescued thousands of outcast children, child widows, orphans, and other destitute women and brought them to the shelter of the Mukti Mission. By 1900 there were 1,500 residents and over a hundred cattle in the Mukti mission. A learned woman knowing seven languages, she also translated the Bible into her mother tongue—Marathi—from the original Hebrew and Greek. The Pandita Ramabai Mukti Mission is still active today, providing housing, education, vocational training, etc. for many needy groups including widows, orphans, and the blind.
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favour of female education and started teaching
Sanskrit to Lakshmi. This was in stark contrast to the prevalent customs. Ramabai gained exposure to public speaking by participating in the family's public recitation of the Purana at pilgrimage sites around India, which is how they earned a meager living. Lakshmi became so adept at Sanskrit that she also would even teach young boys, but this was opposed severely by the orthodox Brahmins. These were the circumstances that compelled Anant Shastri to move with his family to a rather desolate place.
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256:, and so the marriage was inter-caste and inter-regional and therefore considered inappropriate for that age. They were married in a civil ceremony on 13 November 1880. The couple had a daughter on 16 April 1881 whom they named Manorama (english translation:heart's joy). Around this time Ramabai wrote a poem on the deplorable condition of Sanskrit and sent it to the forthcoming Oriental Congress to be held in Berlin. Its transalation was read with her introduction and deep appreciation by Indologist
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women. If they observe the slightest fault, they magnify the grain of mustard-seed into a mountain, and try to ruin the character of a woman." She suggested that teachers be trained and women school inspectors be appointed. Further, she said that as the situation in India was that women's conditions were such that women could only medically treat them, Indian women should be admitted to medical colleges. Ramabai's evidence created a great sensation and reached
260:. Unfortunately, Bipin Bihari Medhvi succumbed to cholera on 4 February 1882. This was a time that Rama recalls that due to her unorthodox ways, no one thought of her except her cousin Anandibai but in her depression, she could not respond to her kind offer of support. After Medhvi's death, Ramabai, who was only 23, moved to Pune and founded Arya Mahila Samaj (Arya Women's Society). Influenced by the ideals of Jesus Christ, the
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Christian High School at
Gulbarga (now in Karnataka), a backward district of south India, during 1912. In 1920 Ramabai's health began to flag and she designated her daughter as the one who would take over the ministry of Mukti Mission. However, Manorama died in 1921. Her death was a shock to Ramabai. Nine months later, on 5 April 1922, Ramabai herself died from septic bronchitis, at age 63.
229:, Ramabai and her brother Srinivas continued the family tradition of traveling the country reciting Sanskrit scriptures. Ramabai was comfortable in addressing all genders but women in those times would not come out in public spaces. Sometimes, she would go inside the female quarters to convince the women to get educated. Ramabai's fame as a woman adept in Sanskrit reached
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left a widow. Under ordinary circumstances, such a tragedy put nineteenth-century Indian women in a vulnerable condition, dependent upon their deceased husband's family for support. Pandita
Ramabai, however, persevered as an independent woman, and a single mother to Manorama Bai. She ensured that Manorama Bai was educated, both in
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by the sisters of the CSMV, and later at Bombay
University, where Manorama earned her BA. After going to the United States for higher studies, she returned to India where she worked side-by-side with Ramabai. Serving first as Principal of Sharada Sadan, she also assisted her mother in establishing
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session of 1889. During her stay in
England in early 1880s she converted to Christianity. After that she toured extensively in the United States to collect funds for destitute Indian women. With the funds raised she started Sharada Sadan for child widows. In the late 1890s, she founded Mukti Mission,
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In many ways, Pandita
Ramabai's family life departed from the norms expected of women in her day. Her childhood was full of hardships and she lost her parents early. Her marriage to Bipin Bihari Medhvi crossed caste lines. Moreover, when her husband died after just two years of marriage, she was
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showed the darkest aspects of the life of Hindu women, including child brides and child widows, and sought to expose the oppression of women in Hindu-dominated
British India. Through speaking engagements and the development of a wide network of supporters, Ramabai raised the equivalent of 60,000
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can be traced to religious revivals around the world, which were interpreted by participants as signs of a new era in
Christian history. The extraordinary psycho-physical states that accompanied the emotionally intense revivals took different shape in different places. Minnie Abrams, Ramabai's
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was appointed by the colonial
Government of India to look into education, Ramabai gave evidence before it. In an address before the Hunter Commission, she declared, "In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred the educated men of this country are opposed to female education and the proper position of
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Brahmin family. Her father, Anant
Shastri Dongre, a Sanskrit scholar, taught her Sanskrit at home. Dongre's extraordinary piety led him to travel extensively across India with his family in tow. Her mother, Lakshmi was married to much older Anant Shastri at the age of nine. Anant Shastri was in
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This was her first exposure to the Bengali gentry and Christianity. Rama and Shrinivas were meeting a number of Sanskrit scholars but she was quite astonished to attend a meeting of Christians. She admitred to being impressed by the Christian mode of worshipping. The theistic reformer
233:, where the pandits invited her to speak. A British officer, W. W. Hunter, was acquainted with her through news of her address in an Indian newspaper. Her address in the senate hall of Calcutta University was well-received and won her great acclaim. In 1878,
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Johnson, R.B., 2008. The Biblical Theological Contribution of Pandita Ramabai: A Neglected Pioneer Indian Christian Feminist Theologian. Ex Auditu-Volume 23: An International Journal for the Theological Interpretation of Scripture, 23,
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gave her a copy of the Vedas, the most sacred of all Hindu literature, and encouraged her to read them. This was the time Ramabai encountered new influences and began to question her old beliefs.
339:, the first World Missionary of the WCTU, was already there when Ramabai returned, but they did not meet. Ramabai worked however with the WCTU of India once it was officially organized in 1893.
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311:, staying for two years. During this time she also translated textbooks and gave lectures throughout the United States and Canada. She also published one of her most important books,
285:. In Maharashtra, Ramabai made contact with Christian organizations also involved in women's education and medical missionary work, in particular a community of Anglican nuns, the
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school who was part of the committee organised to welcome her. After the death of Srinivas in 1880, Ramabai married Bipin Behari Medhvi, a Bengali lawyer. The groom was a Bengali
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at the invitation of Dr. Rachel Bodley, Dean of the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, to attend the graduation of her relative and the first female Indian doctor,
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convention in November 1887 where she gained the support of this large women's organization. She returned to India in June 1888 as a National Lecturer for the WCTU.
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in 1889, she returned to India, and founded a school for child widows in Pune called Sharada Sadan, which had the support of many Hindu reformers, including
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264:, and Hindu reformers, the purpose of the society was to promote the cause of women's education and deliverance from the oppression of child marriage.
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McGee, Gary B. (1999). ""Latter Rain" Falling in the East: Early-Twentieth-Century Pentecostalism in India and the Debate over Speaking in Tongues".
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Kosambi, M., 1988. Women, emancipation and equality: Pandita Ramabai's contribution to women's cause. Economic and political weekly, pp.WS38-WS49.
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On 26 October 1989, in recognition of her contribution to the advancement of Indian women, the Government of India issued a commemorative stamp.
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A Testimony: The Life Story of Pandita Ramabai, Founder of the Mukti Mission to the Child-widows and Orphans of India, Kedgaon, Poona District
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176:(23 April 1858 – 5 April 1922) was an Indian social reformer and Christian missionary. She was the first woman to be awarded the titles of
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1073:[Forging Bonds Across Borders: Transatlantic Collaborations for Women's Rights and Social Justice in the Long Nineteenth Century]
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Scholars of Pentecostalism have begun to explore the possibility that rather than having originated in a singular event at the famous
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Kent, Eliza (2021). "Gender and the Social Boundaries between 'Hindus' and 'Christians'". In Bauman, Chad M (ed.).
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conferred on her the titles of Pandita and Sarasvati in recognition of her knowledge of various Sanskrit works.
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1380:(Anirban Bhattacharjee & Suranjana Choudhury eds., New Delhi and Kolkata: Worldview Publications, 2023).
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Khatua, Suchismito. "A Classroom of One's Own: Ramabai, Reform, and the 19th Century Woman Question,"
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1334:. "Colonial encounters in late-Victorian England: Pandita Ramabai at Cheltenham and Wantage 1883–6."
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Kosambi, Meera. "Indian Response to Christianity, Church and Colonialism: Case of Pandita Ramabai."
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Kosambi, Meera. “Indian Response to Christianity, Church and Colonialism: Case of Pandita Ramabai.”
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While giving presentations in the U.S. to seek support for her work in India, Ramabai met American
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Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati: Pioneer in the movement for the education of the child-widow of India
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rupees to launch a school in India for the child widows whose difficult lives her book exposed.
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Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati was born as Ramabai Dongre on 23 April 1858 into a Marathi-speaking
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White, Keith J. "Insights into child theology through the life and work of Pandita Ramabai."
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by Pandita Ramabai. Pub: Christian Institute for Study of Religion and Society, Bangalore.
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The white woman's other burden: Western women and South Asia during British colonial rule
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673:"Indian Response to Christianity, Church and Colonialism: The Case of Pandita Ramabai"
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315:. Her first book written in English, Ramabai dedicated it to her cousin, Dr. Joshi.
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for community service in 1919, awarded by the British Colonial Government of India.
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The Letters and Correspondence of Pandita Ramabai. Compiled by Sister Geraldine
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1117:"Untold Tale of Revival: Pandita Ramabai | Grace Valley Christian Center"
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Pandita Ramabai materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)
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Pandita Ramabai's American Encounter: The Peoples of the United States (1889)
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American assistant and a veteran missionary with close associations with the
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913:"Overlooked No More: Pandita Ramabai, Indian Scholar, Feminist and Educator"
626:"Overlooked No More: Pandita Ramabai, Indian Scholar, Feminist and Educator"
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1058:. Bombay: Maharashtra State Board for Literature and Culture. pp. xxi.
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Osborne, Lori (2017). Waldschmidt-Nelson, Britta; Schuler, Anja (eds.).
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Pandita Ramabai's American Encounter: The Peoples of the United States
1251:. Department of Posts, Ministry of Communications, Government of India
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Pandita Ramabai, Manorama, European and American Missionary supporters
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281:. It bore fruit later in starting of the Women's Medical Movement by
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Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Washington, Supplement
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1201:– Book in Kannada (1962) Pub by Christ Sahitya Sangha, Bangalore
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in July 1887. Willard invited Ramabai to speak at the national
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The South Indian Pentecostal Movement in the Twentieth Century
209:. The mission was later named Pandita Ramabai Mukti Mission.
745:"Intl' Christian Women's History Project & Hall of Fame"
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1441:(Maharashtra State Board for Literature and Culture, 1977)
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Rewriting history: The life and times of Pandita Ramabai
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Pandita Ramabai through her own words: Selected works
647:(1st ed.). New Delhi: Rajkamal. pp. 11–12.
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Ramabai Sarasvati (Pandita); Pandita Ramabai (2003).
367:, reported that in June 1905, ten months before the
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Women's Voices : Representation And Resistance
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The Routledge Handbook of Hindu-Christian Relations
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Outside the Fold: Conversion, Modernity, and Belief
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1439:The Letters and Correspondence of Pandita Ramabai
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196:. She was one of the ten women delegates of the
2982:20th-century Indian women educational theorists
2977:19th-century Indian women educational theorists
292:With earnings from the sale of her first book,
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979:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
708:"Pandita Ramabai: Life and landmark writings"
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16:Indian feminist historian and social reformer
868:"Radical spirits patwardhan – Google Search"
786:Pandita Ramabai Saraswati: Her Life and Work
571:. Indiana University Press. pp. 29–30.
505:"Indian Christianity and National Movements"
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815:Pandita Ramabai: Life and Landmark Writings
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192:after being examined by the faculty of the
2009:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
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303:In 1886, she traveled from Britain to the
205:village, forty miles east of the city of
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2992:20th-century Indian educational theorists
2987:19th-century Indian educational theorists
1188:. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
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120:Ministry among destitute and orphan girls
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595:Images of Women in Maharashtrian Society
486:"Women's History Month: Pandita Ramabai"
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2947:Converts to Protestantism from Hinduism
1437:Shah, A.B., ed.; Sister Geraldine, ed.
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358:in Los Angeles in 1906, the origins of
156: 1880; died 1882)
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1368:Pandita Ramabai: the story of her life
1348:. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York.
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112:Pandita Ramabai Mukti Mission, Kedgaon
3002:People from Dakshina Kannada district
2962:Translators of the Bible into Marathi
2957:Recipients of the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal
2942:Converts to Anglicanism from Hinduism
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766:Sarasvati (Pandita), Ramabai (1946).
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671:Kosambi, Meera (24–31 October 1992).
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225:Orphaned at the age of 16 during the
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248:She met Bipin Chandra Madhvi at the
3042:20th-century Indian women educators
3032:19th-century Indian women educators
1033:. New York: Routledge. p. 56.
897:http://www.jstor.org/stable/4399059
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333:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
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14:
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1452:Life Testimony of Pandita Ramabai
1445:
1249:"Indian Postage Stamps 1947–2000"
661:
592:Anne Feldhaus (29 January 1998).
350:Influence on early Pentecostalism
1703:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
1467:A Short History of Mukti Mission
1434:(Oxford University Press, 2000).
624:Khan, Aisha (14 November 2018).
405:Ramabai on a 1989 stamp of India
382:
287:Community of St. Mary the Virgin
3027:19th-century Indian translators
2967:Indian women's rights activists
1943:Provisional Government of India
1356:(Oxford University Press, 2012)
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895:27, no. 43/44 (1992): WS61–71.
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645:Vikal Vidrohini Pandita Ramabai
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3062:Indian Protestant missionaries
3022:Women educators from Karnataka
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337:Mary Greenleaf Clement Leavitt
1:
3047:20th-century Indian educators
3037:19th-century Indian educators
1385:Economic and Political Weekly
893:Economic and Political Weekly
677:Economic and Political Weekly
542:. 25 May 2015. Archived from
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327:and Women's rights activist,
2552:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
1828:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
1510:Indian independence movement
1420:Ramabai Sarasvati, Pandita.
1317:Resources in other libraries
1293:Resources in other libraries
1029:Jayawardena, Kumari (1995).
843:"The High-Caste Hindu Woman"
540:"Short Biography of Ramabai"
7:
3052:Indian women travel writers
2742:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
2129:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
1342:Butler, Clementina (1922).
1199:Panditha Ramabai Sarasvathi
1184:Bergunder, Michael (2008).
975:Viswanathan, Gowri (1998).
598:. SUNY Press. p. 205.
441:
10:
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2477:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
2029:Indian Independence League
1746:Partition of Bengal (1947)
1741:Partition of Bengal (1905)
1422:The High-Caste Hindu woman
956:Ramabai, Pandita (1977) .
783:Sengupta, Padmini (1970).
317:The High-Caste Hindu Woman
313:The High-Caste Hindu Woman
131:The High Caste Hindu Woman
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2767:
2652:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
2452:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
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2149:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
2069:
2024:Indian Home Rule movement
1966:
1863:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1803:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1731:
1668:
1516:
1312:Resources in your library
1288:Resources in your library
847:digital.library.upenn.edu
789:. Asia Publishing House.
712:Routledge & CRC Press
174:Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati
163:
137:
124:
116:
108:
100:
92:
69:
39:
30:
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3072:Female Bible translators
3017:Educators from Karnataka
3007:Activists from Karnataka
2997:Marathi-language writers
2891:Indian annexation of Goa
2737:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
2249:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
2014:Indian National Congress
1813:Non-cooperation movement
213:Early life and education
2972:Indian social reformers
2896:Indian Independence Act
2482:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
2457:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
2427:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
2164:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
2144:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
1979:All-India Muslim League
1933:Royal Air Force strikes
1898:Round table conferences
1888:Chittagong armoury raid
1778:Hindu–German Conspiracy
1761:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
1531:Porto Grande de Bengala
1472:21 October 2013 at the
1354:An Unpredictable Gospel
813:Kosambi, Meera (2016).
490:Women's History Network
466:Some sources state Rama
227:Great Famine of 1876–78
201:a Christian charity at
3012:Indian women activists
2682:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
2587:Purushottam Das Tandon
1953:Praja Mandala movement
1767:The Indian Sociologist
520:Cite journal requires
406:
379:
258:Monier Monier-Williams
194:University of Calcutta
3057:Christian revivalists
2906:Political integration
2647:Shyamji Krishna Varma
2432:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
2377:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
2209:Rettamalai Srinivasan
2169:Mahadev Govind Ranade
1974:All India Kisan Sabha
1938:Coup d'état of Yanaon
1838:Qissa Khwani massacre
1823:Coolie-Begar movement
1638:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1228:The Church of England
962:Ramabai Mukti Mission
404:
377:
3067:Missionary linguists
2732:Veeran Sundaralingam
2687:Tara Rani Srivastava
2622:Sahajanand Saraswati
2512:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
2397:Chandra Shekhar Azad
2302:Alluri Sitarama Raju
2259:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
2214:Sahajanand Saraswati
2134:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
2034:Indian National Army
1878:Dharasana Satyagraha
1783:Champaran Satyagraha
1633:First Anglo-Sikh War
1462:The Story of Ramabai
1430:Kosambi, Meera, ed.
1008:. pp. 250–251.
919:. 14 November 2018.
369:Azusa Street revival
87:, British India
64:, British India
2717:V. K. Krishna Menon
2662:Subhas Chandra Bose
2547:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
2542:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
2437:Govind Ballabh Pant
2417:Dayananda Saraswati
2342:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
2139:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
2119:Dhondo Keshav Karve
2114:Dayananda Saraswati
2109:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
2084:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
1597:Anglo-Maratha Wars
1387:(1992): WS61-WS71.
1338:49.1 (1995): 29–49.
1054:Shah, A.B. (1977).
503:Kollanoor, Greger.
356:Azusa Street Church
235:Calcutta University
143:Bipin Behari Medhvi
2901:Partition of India
2747:Yashwantrao Holkar
2712:V. O. Chidamabaram
2667:Subramania Bharati
2597:Rahul Sankrityayan
2582:Pritilata Waddedar
2492:Shri Krishna Singh
2392:C. Rajagopalachari
2382:Bidhan Chandra Roy
2367:Bhavabhushan Mitra
2352:Begum Hazrat Mahal
2307:Annapurna Maharana
2179:Muthulakshmi Reddy
2124:G. Subramania Iyer
1818:Christmas Day Plot
1693:Indian nationalism
1643:Sannyasi rebellion
1541:East India Company
1410:Ramabai, Pandita.
1359:Chakravarti, Uma.
1332:Burton, Antoinette
1301:By Pandita Ramabai
917:The New York Times
691:– via JSTOR.
630:The New York Times
546:on 7 December 2018
407:
380:
243:Keshab Chandra Sen
2919:
2918:
2886:Republic of India
2722:Vallabhbhai Patel
2707:Ubaidullah Sindhi
2607:Ram Prasad Bismil
2502:M. Bhaktavatsalam
2462:Jatindra Nath Das
2387:Bipin Chandra Pal
2322:Babu Kunwar Singh
2292:Achyut Patwardhan
2049:Khudai Khidmatgar
1893:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
1833:Kakori conspiracy
1793:Rowlatt Committee
1756:Direct Action Day
1718:Swadeshi movement
1698:Khilafat Movement
1688:Hindu nationalism
1648:Rebellion of 1857
1571:Anglo-Mysore Wars
1561:Battle of Plassey
1352:Case, Jay Riley.
1269:Library resources
1119:. Gracevalley.org
1040:978-0-415-91104-7
796:978-0-210-22611-7
772:. Franklin Press.
654:978-81-19028-04-7
605:978-0-7914-3660-8
428:Church of England
397:Awards and honors
365:Holiness movement
274:Hunter Commission
272:When in 1882 the
171:
170:
101:Years active
85:Bombay Presidency
62:Madras Presidency
3079:
2952:Indian Anglicans
2911:Simla Conference
2702:Tiruppur Kumaran
2672:Subramaniya Siva
2627:Sangolli Rayanna
2617:Rash Behari Bose
2557:Nagnath Naikwadi
2467:Jawaharlal Nehru
2412:Dadabhai Naoroji
2407:Chittaranjan Das
2297:A. K. Fazlul Huq
2219:Savitribai Phule
2044:Khaksar movement
1999:Berlin Committee
1984:Anushilan Samiti
1948:Independence Day
1908:Aundh Experiment
1883:Vedaranyam March
1788:Kheda Satyagraha
1773:Singapore Mutiny
1556:Portuguese India
1503:
1496:
1489:
1480:
1479:
1397:(2007): 95–102.
1366:Dyer, Helen S.
1349:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1076:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1026:
1020:
1019:
997:
991:
990:
972:
966:
965:
953:
947:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
909:
900:
889:
883:
882:
880:
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864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
839:
833:
832:
810:
801:
800:
780:
774:
773:
763:
757:
756:
754:
752:
741:
735:
729:
723:
722:
720:
718:
704:
693:
692:
683:(43/44): WS-62.
668:
659:
658:
640:
634:
633:
621:
610:
609:
589:
583:
582:
562:
556:
555:
553:
551:
536:
530:
529:
523:
518:
516:
508:
500:
494:
493:
492:. 11 March 2011.
482:
467:
464:
294:Stri Dharma Niti
157:
155:
127:
76:
53:
51:
35:
21:
20:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3076:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2876:Cabinet Mission
2864:
2768:British leaders
2763:
2752:Yogendra Shukla
2657:Siraj ud-Daulah
2612:Rani Lakshmibai
2602:Rajendra Prasad
2592:R. Venkataraman
2537:Mithuben Petit
2517:Mahadaji Shinde
2497:Lala Lajpat Rai
2332:Bahadur Shah II
2317:Ashfaqulla Khan
2287:Accamma Cherian
2282:Abul Kalam Azad
2274:
2268:
2239:Syed Ahmad Khan
2229:Sister Nivedita
2194:Pandita Ramabai
2189:Niralamba Swami
2154:J. B. Kripalani
2079:Ashfaqulla Khan
2071:
2065:
2004:Ghadar Movement
1962:
1843:Flag Satyagraha
1751:Revolutionaries
1733:
1727:
1670:
1664:
1566:Battle of Buxar
1512:
1507:
1474:Wayback Machine
1448:
1407:
1405:Primary sources
1363:(Zubaan, 2014).
1336:Feminist Review
1328:
1326:Further reading
1323:
1322:
1321:
1298:
1297:
1277:
1276:
1274:Pandita Ramabai
1272:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1210:Butler (1922),
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1182:
1178:
1155:10.2307/3170042
1139:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1027:
1023:
1016:
998:
994:
987:
973:
969:
954:
950:
943:
939:
929:
927:
911:
910:
903:
890:
886:
876:
874:
866:
865:
861:
851:
849:
841:
840:
836:
829:
821:. p. 121.
811:
804:
797:
781:
777:
764:
760:
750:
748:
743:
742:
738:
730:
726:
716:
714:
706:
705:
696:
669:
662:
655:
643:Sujata (2023).
641:
637:
622:
613:
606:
590:
586:
579:
563:
559:
549:
547:
538:
537:
533:
521:
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510:
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497:
484:
483:
476:
471:
470:
465:
461:
456:
444:
399:
385:
352:
329:Frances Willard
309:Anandibai Joshi
270:
268:Social activism
250:Sylhet District
215:
159:
151:
147:
144:
125:
109:Organization(s)
96:Social reformer
88:
78:
74:
65:
55:
49:
47:
46:
45:
26:
25:Pandita Ramabai
17:
12:
11:
5:
3085:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
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3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2917:
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2914:
2913:
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2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
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2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
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2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2692:Tarak Nath Das
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:Shuja-ud-Daula
2639:
2634:
2632:Sarojini Naidu
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2577:Prafulla Chaki
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2522:Mahatma Gandhi
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
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2399:
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2379:
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2314:
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2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2244:Vakkom Moulavi
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2174:Mahatma Gandhi
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:Jyotirao Phule
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:B. R. Ambedkar
2096:
2091:
2089:Ayya Vaikundar
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1918:Cripps Mission
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1808:Noakhali riots
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1729:
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1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1671:and ideologies
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1653:Radcliffe Line
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1628:Vellore Mutiny
1625:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
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1506:
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1447:
1446:External links
1444:
1443:
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1428:
1418:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1395:Transformation
1391:
1381:
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1350:
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1327:
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1285:
1279:
1278:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1240:
1224:"The Calendar"
1215:
1203:
1191:
1176:
1149:(3): 648–665.
1143:Church History
1130:
1108:
1096:
1061:
1046:
1039:
1021:
1014:
992:
986:978-0691058993
985:
967:
948:
937:
901:
884:
872:www.google.com
859:
834:
828:978-1138962453
827:
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758:
736:
724:
694:
660:
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635:
611:
604:
584:
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531:
522:|journal=
495:
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458:
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451:
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443:
440:
439:
438:
435:
420:
415:Kaisari-i-Hind
411:
398:
395:
384:
381:
360:Pentecostalism
351:
348:
279:Queen Victoria
269:
266:
214:
211:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
149:
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117:Known for
114:
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98:
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94:
90:
89:
79:
77:(aged 63)
71:
67:
66:
56:
43:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3084:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
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3023:
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3018:
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2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
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2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:Satyapal Dang
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Nana Fadnavis
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2527:Mangal Pandey
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:Khudiram Bose
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
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2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:Chetram Jatav
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:Bhikaiji Cama
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Bharathidasan
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:Basawon Singh
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
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2265:
2262:
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2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:Sri Aurobindo
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2204:Ram Mohan Roy
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2184:Narayana Guru
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
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2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
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2312:Annie Besant
2273:Independence
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2054:Swaraj Party
1958:Lucknow Pact
1868:Purna Swaraj
1858:Nehru Report
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1669:Philosophies
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1536:Dutch Bengal
1526:Colonisation
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126:Notable work
75:(1922-04-05)
73:5 April 1922
18:
2937:1922 deaths
2932:1858 births
2825:Mountbatten
2447:Hemu Kalani
2327:Bagha Jatin
2264:Vivekananda
2019:India House
1903:Act of 1935
1678:Ambedkarism
1546:British Raj
960:. Kedgaon:
958:A Testimony
747:. Icwhp.org
344:M.G. Ranade
325:Suffragette
44:Rama Dongre
2926:Categories
2855:Linlithgow
2795:Chelmsford
2785:Cornwallis
2697:Tatya Tope
2567:Nana Saheb
2472:K. Kamaraj
2422:Dhan Singh
2337:Bakht Khan
1989:Arya Samaj
1923:Quit India
1873:Salt March
1732:Events and
1708:Satyagraha
1089:20 October
550:23 October
454:References
424:remembered
93:Occupation
50:1858-04-23
2830:Wellesley
2815:Dalhousie
2677:Surya Sen
2572:P. Kakkan
2532:Mir Qasim
2507:M. N. Roy
2442:Har Dayal
2275:activists
2104:Baba Amte
2094:Ayyankali
2072:reformers
1994:Azad Hind
1734:movements
1713:Socialism
1171:162798722
1085:: 129–142
1006:Routledge
925:0362-4331
819:Routledge
219:Chitpavan
189:Sarasvati
104:1885–1922
58:Mangalore
2860:Hastings
2820:Bentinck
2039:Jugantar
1683:Gandhism
1470:Archived
1414:(1889),
1233:27 March
930:26 March
877:31 March
852:31 March
732:My Story
717:31 March
442:See also
289:(CSMV).
254:Kayastha
231:Calcutta
198:Congress
184:Sanskrit
164:Children
2780:Canning
2199:Periyar
1848:Bardoli
1616:Gwalior
1518:History
1424:(1888)
1370:(1900)
1255:9 April
1163:3170042
689:4399059
448:Kartini
430:with a
426:in the
422:She is
390:Wantage
298:Trinity
203:Kedgaon
179:Pandita
158:
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81:Kedgaon
2850:Cripps
2845:Outram
2835:Lytton
2800:Curzon
2775:Wavell
2070:Social
1723:Swaraj
1606:Second
1591:Fourth
1581:Second
1426:online
1416:online
1399:online
1389:online
1372:online
1271:about
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2810:Minto
2805:Ripon
2790:Irwin
2224:Shahu
1611:Third
1601:First
1586:Third
1576:First
1212:p. 83
1167:S2CID
1159:JSTOR
1075:(PDF)
685:JSTOR
417:Medal
182:as a
152:(
148:
2758:more
2060:more
1659:more
1257:2019
1235:2021
1125:2015
1091:2020
1035:ISBN
1010:ISBN
981:ISBN
932:2020
921:ISSN
879:2023
854:2023
823:ISBN
791:ISBN
753:2015
719:2023
649:ISBN
600:ISBN
573:ISBN
552:2016
526:help
207:Pune
70:Died
40:Born
1151:doi
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