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2086:âŠIt was wonderful to find out that our efforts were not in vain. In these difficult years we attempted to rescue over one hundred other unfortunate people who had been deported to Poland, but in most cases without success. We were however able to help a few Norwegians. My home in Stockholm was turned into something like an information and assistance office, and I was excellently supported by Dr. Paul Grassmann, press attachĂ© in the German embassy in Stockholm. He too undertook everything possible to further this humanitarian work. But almost no case was as fortunate as yours, dear friend! And how wonderful, that you are back in BonnâŠ.
135:
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Buddhist cities in
Chinese Central Asia. However, as his main interest in archaeology was finding ancient cities, he had little interest in gathering data thorough scientific excavations. Of small stature, with a bookish, bespectacled appearance, Hedin nevertheless proved himself a determined explorer, surviving several close brushes with death from hostile forces and the elements over his long career. His scientific documentation and popular travelogues, illustrated with his own photographs, watercolor paintings and drawings, his adventure stories for young readers and his lecture tours abroad made him world-famous.
793:
1382:
2645:
1831:. This book deeply influenced Hitler and reaffirmed his views on the origins of the war and who was responsible for it. In a letter to Hedin the following day Hitler wrote, "I thank you warmly for the attention you have shown me. I have already read the book and welcome in particular that you so explicitly detailed the offers I made to Poland at the beginning of the War". Hitler continued, "without question, the individual guilty of this war, as you correctly state at the end of your book, is exclusively the American President Roosevelt."
243:
1624:
601:
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25:
251:
1525:, who thereupon became a patron of the expedition. The Sino-Swedish Expedition was honored with a Chinese postage stamp series which had a print run of 25,000. The four stamps show camels at a camp with the expedition flag and bear the Chinese text, "Postal Service of the Prosperous Middle Kingdom" and in Latin underneath, "Scientific Expedition to the Northwestern Province of China 1927â1933". A painting in the Beijing
3900:
656:, brought him in dangerous proximity to representatives of National Socialism, who exploited him as an author. This destroyed his reputation and put him into social and scientific isolation. However, in correspondence and personal conversations with leading Nazis, his successful intercessions achieved the pardoning of ten people condemned to death and the release or survival of Jews who had been deported to
1789:. He was not an entirely uncritical supporter of the Nazis, however. His own views were shaped by traditionalist, Christian and conservative values, while National Socialism was in part a modern revolutionary-populist movement. Hedin objected to some aspects of National Socialist rule, and occasionally attempted to convince the German government to relent in its anti-religious and anti-Semitic campaigns.
573:, was he able to make the expedition also a Chinese one by obtaining Chinese research commissions and the participation of Chinese scientists. He also concluded a contract which guaranteed freedom of travel for this expedition which, because of its arms, 300 camels, and activities in a war theater, resembled an invading army. However, the financing remained Hedin's private responsibility.
1182:
his urge to carry out his research, Hedin deserted the caravan and proceeded alone on horseback with his servant. When that escort also collapsed from thirst, Hedin left him behind as well, but managed to reach a water source at the last desperate moment. He did, however, return to his servant with water and rescued him. Nevertheless, his ruthless behavior earned him massive criticism.
2448:
longitude data. At the same time he combined his field maps with panoramic drawings. He drafted the first precise maps of areas unresearched until that date: the Pamir mountains, the
Taklamakan desert, Tibet, the Silk Road and the Himalayas. He was, as far as can be scientifically confirmed, the first European to recognize that the Himalayas were a continuous mountain range.
1749:, whom he even visited in exile in the Netherlands. Influenced by imperial Russian and later the Soviet union's attempts to dominate and control territories outside its borders, especially in Central Asia and Turkestan, Hedin felt that Soviet Russia posed a great threat to the West, which may be part of the reason why he supported Germany during both World Wars.
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1110:
invited him to give numerous lectures, and hoped to obtain from him in return topographic, economic and strategic information about inner Asia, which they considered part of their sphere of influence. As the era of discovery came to a close around 1920, Hedin contented himself with organizing the Sino-Swedish
Expedition for qualified scientific explorers.
2504:
the night rapidly and apparently without effort rapidly created awe inspiring works. The discipline of geography, at least in
Germany, has so far only concerned itself with his popularized reports. The consistent inclusion of the enormous, still unmined treasures in his scientific work are yet to be incorporated in the regional geography of Asia.
3517:
2078:
camp, at my age a veritable wonder. You will have learned that we few survivors were finally liberated just a few days before our intended gassing. We, my wife, daughter and I, were then brought on 9â10 July 1945 in a bus of the city of Bonn here to our home town, almost half of which is now destroyedâŠ.
2123:
to Adolf Hitler for their reprieve. Their death sentences were converted on 17 June 1941 by Adolf Hitler to ten years of forced labor. The
Norwegians Carl W. Mueller, Knud Naerum, Peder Fagerland, Ottar Ryan, Tor Gerrard Rydland, Hans Bernhard Risanger and Arne SĂžrvag who had been condemned to forced
1707:
Hedin was a monarchist. From 1905 onwards he took a stand against the move toward democracy in his
Swedish homeland. He warned of the dangers he assumed to be coming from Czarist Russia, and called for an alliance with the German Empire. Therefore, he advocated a strengthened national defence, with a
1181:
According to other sources, Hedin had neglected to completely fill the drinking water containers for his caravan at the beginning of the expedition and set out for the desert with only half as much water as could actually be carried. When he noticed the mistake, it was too late to return. Obsessed by
1099:
Ferdinand
Freiherr von Richthofen not only encouraged Hedin to absolve cursory studies, but also to become thoroughly acquainted with all branches of geographic science and the methodologies of the salient research work, so that he could later work as an explorer. Hedin abstained from doing this with
2447:
During his expeditions Hedin saw the focus of his work as being in field research. He recorded routes by plotting many thousands of kilometers of his caravan itinerary with the detail of a high resolution topographical map and supplemented them with innumerable altitude measurements and latitude and
2418:
in
Koblenz, at the Leibniz Institute for Regional Geography in Leipzig, and above all in the Ethnographic Museum and in the National Archives in Stockholm. Most of the correspondence in Hedin's estate is in the National Archives and accessible to researchers and the general public. It includes about
2155:
in 1902, the last time any Swede was to receive a charter of nobility. Oskar II suggested that he prefix the name Hedin with one of the two common predicates of nobility in Sweden, "af" or "von", but Hedin abstained from doing so in his written response to the king. In many noble families in Sweden,
1694:
At the end of the expedition, Hedin was in a difficult financial situation. He had considerable debts at the German-Asian Bank in
Beijing, which he repaid with the royalties and fees received for his books and lectures. In the months after his return, he held 111 lectures in 91 German cities as well
1533:
served as model for the series. Of the 25,000 sets, 4,000 were sold across the counter and 21,500 came into the possession of the expedition. Hedin used them to finance the expedition, selling them for a price of five dollars per set. The stamps were unwelcome at the time due to the high price Hedin
1104:
I was not up to this challenge. I had gotten out onto the wild routes of Asia too early, I had perceived too much of the splendor and magnificence of the Orient, the silence of the deserts and the loneliness of long journeys. I could not get used to the idea of spending a long period of time back in
409:
As a renowned expert on
Turkestan and Tibet, he was able to obtain unrestricted access to European and Asian monarchs and politicians as well as to their geographical societies and scholarly associations. They all sought to purchase his exclusive knowledge about the power vacuum in Central Asia with
405:
Hedin's expedition notes laid the foundations for a precise mapping of Central Asia. He was one of the first European scientific explorers to employ indigenous scientists and research assistants on his expeditions. Although primarily an explorer, he was also the first to unearth the ruins of ancient
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amusing to listen to his outspoken but untruthful conversation... he said ...The whole country in that quarter, Tian-shan-nan-lu, acknowledged the rule of General Ma Chung-yin. General Ma Yung-chu had ten thousand cavalry under his orders, and the total strength of the Tungan cavalry was twice that
2503:
He was a pioneer and pathfinder in the transitional period to a century of specialized research. No other single person illuminated and represented unknown territories more extensively than he. His maps alone are a unique creation. And the artist did not take second place to the savant, who deep in
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Hedin did not himself subject his documentation to scientific evaluation, but rather handed it over to other scientists for the purpose. Since he shared his experiences during his expeditions as popular science and incorporated them in a large number of lectures, travelogues, books for young people
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This documentation was splendidly produced, which made the price so high that only a few libraries and institutes were able to purchase it. The immense printing costs had to be borne for the most part by Hedin himself, as was also true for the cost of the expeditions. He used the fees and royalties
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traveled on this route in April 2000 with a camel caravan and ascertained that at least one of the escorts who, according to Hedin, had died of thirst had survived, and that it is impossible for a camel caravan traveling in springtime on this route to carry enough drinking water for both camels and
401:
which had been unexplored by Europeans until then. Upon his return to Stockholm in 1909 he was received as triumphantly as Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld. In 1902, he became the last Swede (to date) to be raised to the untitled nobility and was considered one of Sweden's most important personalities. As a
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Most German publications on Hedin were translated by F.A. Brockhaus Verlag from Swedish into German. To this extent Swedish editions are the original text. Often after the first edition appeared, F.A. Brockhaus Verlag published abridged versions with the same title. Hedin had not only an important
2008:
When we first discussed my plan to write a book, I stated that I only wanted to write objectively, scientifically, possibly critically, according to my conscience, and you considered that to be completely acceptable and natural. Now I emphasized in a very friendly and mild form that the removal of
2118:
After the third senate of the highest German military court (Reichskriegsgericht) in Berlin condemned to death for alleged espionage the ten Norwegians Sigurd Jakobsen, Gunnar Hellesen, Helge BĂžrseth, Siegmund Brommeland, Peter Andree Hjelmervik, Siegmund Rasmussen, Gunnar Carlsen, Knud Gjerstad,
2077:
My dear Hedin! Now that letters can be sent abroad I have the opportunity to write to youâŠ. We frequently think with deep gratitude of our rescuer, who alone is responsible for our being able to survive the horrible period of three years of incarceration and hunger in Theresienstadt concentration
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leaders repeatedly and was in regular correspondence with them. The politely-worded correspondence usually concerned scheduling matters, birthday congratulations, Hedin's planned or completed publications, and requests by Hedin for pardons for people condemned to death, and for mercy, release and
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He systematically studied the lakes of inner Asia, made careful climatological observations over many years, and started extensive collections of rocks, plants, animals and antiquities. Underway he prepared watercolor paintings, sketches, drawings and photographs, which he later published in his
1109:
Hedin had therewith decided to become an explorer. He was attracted to the idea of traveling to the last mysterious portions of Asia and filling in the gaps by mapping an area completely unknown in Europe. As an explorer, Hedin became important for the Asian and European powers, who courted him,
697:
in 1935, the routes he selected were used to construct streets and train tracks, as well as dams and canals to irrigate new farms being established in the Tarim and Yanji basins in Xinjiang and the deposits of iron, manganese, oil, coal and gold discovered during the Sino-Swedish Expedition were
3643:
cf. Christian ThorĂ©n: UpptĂ€cktsresanden Sven Hedins ordenstecken i Kungliga Livrustkammarens samlingar. In: Livrust Kammaren. Journal of the Royal Armoury 1997â98. Stockholm. pp. 91â128. ISSN 0024-5372. (Swedish text with English picture captions and English summary, color illustrations of Sven
1670:
Ma Zhongying's adjutant claimed to Hedin that Ma Zhongying had the entire region of Tian-shan-nan-lu (southern Xinjiang) under his control and Sven could pass through safely without any trouble. Hedin did not believe his assertions. Some of Ma Zhongying's Tungan (Chinese speaking Muslim) troops
823:
on the castle. Amidst this sea of light the famous ship glided into the harbor. I was standing on the Södermalm heights with my parents and siblings, from which we had a superb view. I was gripped by great nervous tension. I will remember this day until I die, as it was decisive for my future.
596:
Starting in 1937, the scientific material assembled during the expedition was published in over 50 volumes by Hedin and other expedition participants, thereby making it available for worldwide research on eastern Asia. When he ran out of money to pay printing costs, he pawned his extensive and
568:
With financial support from the governments of Sweden and Germany, he led, between 1927 and 1935, an international and interdisciplinary Sino-Swedish Expedition to carry out scientific investigations in Mongolia and Chinese Turkestan, with the participation of 37 scientists from six countries.
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their object had been to cut us off. A month had not passed since our motor convoy had been cut off by Tungan cavalry, who had fired on it with their carbines. Were we now to be stopped and fired at on the river too? They might be marauders from Big Horse's broken army, out looting,
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and the Kum-Darja to Lop Nur, which had been filled with water since 1921. After the lake dried out in 1971 as a consequence of irrigation activities, the above-mentioned transportation link enabled the People's Republic of China to construct a nuclear weapon test site at Lop Nur.
552:
After a less-than-successful lecture tour in 1923 through North America and Japan, he traveled on to Beijing to carry out an expedition to Chinese Turkestan (modern Xinjiang), but the region's unstable political situation thwarted this intention. He instead traveled through
2068:
in collaboration with the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda and other government agencies and to publish it in Germany in 1942. In return, the Nazis classified Alfred Philippson as "A-prominent" and granted his family privileges which enabled them to survive.
2362:
A survey of the extensive sources for Hedin research shows that it would be difficult at present to come to a fair assessment of the personality and achievements of Hedin. Most of the source material has not yet been subjected to scientific scrutiny. Even the DFG project
1934:
Hedin supported the Nazis in his journalistic activities. After the collapse of Nazi Germany, he did not regret his collaboration with the Nazis because this cooperation had made it possible to rescue numerous Nazi victims from execution, or death in extermination camps.
523:
Hedin was, and remained, a figure of the 19th century who clung to its visions and methods also in the 20th century. This prevented him from discerning the fundamental social and political upheavals of the 20th century and aligning his thinking and actions accordingly.
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opened up for mining. Among the discoveries of this expedition should also be counted the many Asian plants and animals unheard of until that date, as well as fossil remains of dinosaurs and other extinct animals. Many were named after Hedin, the species-level
2513:
A scientific assessment of Hedin's character and his relationship to National Socialism was undertaken in the late 1990s and early 2000s at Bonn University by Professor Hans Böhm, Dipl.-Geogr. Astrid Mehmel and Christoph Sieker M.A. as part of the DFG Project
378:, awakened a love of Germany in Hedin and strengthened his resolve to undertake expeditions to Central Asia to explore the last uncharted areas of Asia. After obtaining a doctorate, learning several languages and dialects, and undertaking two trips through
382:, he ignored the advice of Ferdinand von Richthofen to continue his geographic studies to acquaint himself with geographical research methodology; the result was that Hedin had to leave the evaluation of his expedition results later to other scientists.
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and to Nanjing to Chiang Kai-shek. He celebrated his 70th birthday on 19 February 1935 in the presence of 250 members of the Kuomintang government, to whom he reported interesting facts about the Sino-Swedish Expedition. On this day, he was awarded the
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as 19 lectures in neighboring countries. To accomplish this lecture tour, he covered a stretch as long as the equator, 23,000 kilometres (14,000 mi) by train and 17,000 kilometres (11,000 mi) by carâin a time period of five months. He met
3440:
See letter from Hans Draeger dated 17 January 1942 to Sven Hedin from the Riksarkivet in Stockholm, file: Sven Hedins Arkiv, Korrespondens, Tyskland, 457 and the book by Michael H. Kater: Das "Ahnenerbe" der SS 1935â1945. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2001,
1205:. He mapped Lake Kara-Koshun and returned on 27 May to Khotan. On 29 June, he started out from there with his caravan across northern Tibet and China to Beijing, where he arrived on 2 March 1897. He returned to Stockholm via Mongolia and Russia.
2044:
and his family in 1938 to prevent their intended departure to American exile and retain them in Germany as a bargaining chip when dealing with Hedin. The consequence was that Hedin expressed himself more favorably about Nazi Germany in his book
729:
From 1931 until his death in 1952, Hedin lived in Stockholm in a modern high-rise in a preferred location, the address being Norr MĂ€larstrand 66. He lived with his siblings in the upper three stories and from the balcony he had a wide view over
2131:. Hedin intervened on his behalf on 4 December 1946, arguing that Falkenhorst had likewise striven to pardon the ten Norwegians condemned to death. Falkenhorst's death sentence was commuted to 20 years in prison. He was released early from
632:
In 1935, Hedin made his exclusive knowledge about Central Asia available, not only to the Swedish government, but also to foreign governments such as China and Germany, in lectures and personal discussions with political representatives of
1489:
in which the participating scientists worked almost independently, while heâlike a local managerânegotiated with local authorities, made decisions, organized whatever was necessary, raised funds and recorded the route followed. He gave
2009:
distinguished Jewish professors who have performed great services for mankind is detrimental to Germany and that this has given rise to many agitators against Germany abroad. So I took this position only in the interest of Germany.
584:
raising the money required for the expedition, the logistics for assuring the supplying of the expedition in an active war zone, and obtaining access for the expedition's participants to a research area intensely contested by local
2072:
For a long time Hedin was in correspondence with Alfred Philippson and regularly sent food parcels to him in Theresienstadt concentration camp. On 29 May 1946, Alfred Philippson wrote to him (translation, abbreviated quotation):
1090:
I can only come to the conclusion that Sven received his doctorate when he was 27 years old after studying for a grand total of only eight months and collecting primary material for one-and-a-half days on the snow-clad peak of
688:
Although Hedin's research was taboo in Germany and Sweden because of his conduct relating to Nazi Germany, and stagnated for decades in Germany, the scientific documentation of his expeditions was translated into Chinese by the
2455:
Hedin prepared a scientific publication for each of his expeditions. The extent of documentation increased dramatically from expedition to expedition. His research report about the first expedition was published in 1900 as
760:
Hedin died at Stockholm in 1952. The memorial service was attended by representatives of the Swedish royal household, the Swedish government, the Swedish Academy, and the diplomatic service. He is buried in the cemetery of
2819:, Leipzig 1937 (unlike its translations, the original German edition of this title was printed but never delivered; only five copies were bound, one of which is in the possession of the F. A. Brockhaus Verlag, Wiesbaden).
1826:
was responsible for the outbreak of war in 1939 and that Hitler had done everything in his power to prevent war. Moreover, Hedin argued that the origins of the Second World War lay not in German belligerence but in the
1142:. He covered 26,000 kilometres (16,000 mi) on this journey and mapped 10,498 kilometres (6,523 mi) of them on 552 sheets. Approximately 3,600 kilometres (2,200 mi) led through previously uncharted areas.
2012:
My worry that the education of German youth, which I otherwise praise and admire everywhere, is deficient in questions of religion and the hereafter comes from my love and sympathy for the German nation, and as a
1834:
The Nazis attempted to achieve a close connection to Hedin by bestowing awards upon himâlater scholars have noted that "honors were heaped upon this prominent sympathizer." They asked him to present an address on
2182:
He was an honorary member of numerous Swedish and foreign scientific societies and institutions which honored him with some 40 gold medals; 27 of these medals can be viewed in Stockholm in a display case in the
841:. Afterward he attended a course in topography for general staff officers for one month in summer 1885 and took a few weeks of instruction in portrait drawing; this comprised his entire training in those areas.
2429:
The finds from Tibet, Mongolia and Xinjiang are, among other places, in Stockholm in the Ethnographic Museum (some 8,000 individual items), in the Institutes of Geology, Minearology and Paleontology of the
1784:
had been an early admirer of Hedin, who was in turn impressed with Hitler's nationalism. He saw the German leader's rise to power as a revival of German fortunes, and welcomed its challenge against Soviet
402:
member of two scientific academies, he had a voice in the selection of Nobel Prize winners for both science and literature. Hedin never married and had no children, rendering his family line now extinct.
1742:
promised to strengthen the country's defenses. The speech led to a political crisis that ended with Staaff and his government resigning and being replaced by a non-party, more conservative government.
1867:
1853:
2127:
Falkenhorst was sentenced by a joint British-Norwegian military tribunal to be executed by firing squad on 2 August 1946 due to his role in the summary execution of British prisoners of war during
2890:
business relationship with the publisher Albert Brockhaus, but also a close friendship. Their correspondence can be found in the Riksarkivet in Stockholm. There is a publication on this subject:
1229:. Near Lop Nur, he discovered the ruins of the 340 by 310 metres (1,120 by 1,020 ft) former walled royal city and later Chinese garrison town of Loulan, containing the brick building of the
706:. But one discovery remained unknown to Chinese researchers until the turn of the millennium: in the Lop Nur desert, Hedin discovered in 1933 and 1934 ruins of signal towers which prove that the
593:(C.C. Shen), who was the administrative officer for the Sino-Swedish Expedition Council, and drafted the contract), after which they were returned to China under the terms of the contract.
4113:
589:. Nevertheless, the expedition was a scientific success. The archaeological artifacts which had been sent to Sweden were scientifically assessed for three years (or four years according to
2472:, the scientific publication on the third expedition, totalled twelve volumes, three of which were atlases. The results of the Sino-Swedish Expedition were published under the title of
2156:
it was customary to do without the title of nobility. The coat of arms of Hedin, together with those of some two thousand noble families, is to be found on a wall of the Great Hall in
1977:
Much of what happened in the early days of Nazi rule had his approval. However, he did not hesitate to criticize whenever he considered this to be necessary, particularly in cases of
3581:
As yet unpublished letters from the Riksarkivet in Stockholm, file of Heinrich Himmler: Sven Hedins Arkiv, Korrespondens, Tyskland, 470. The orthography and punctuation were updated
410:
gold medals, diamond-encrusted grand crosses, honorary doctorates and splendid receptions, as well as with logistic and financial support for his expeditions. Hedin, in addition to
1249:, which had once been located on the shores of Lop Nur but had been abandoned around the year 330 CE because the lake had dried out, depriving the inhabitants of drinking water.
4118:
4053:
4158:
4143:
4103:
2370:
The sources for Hedin research are located in numerous archives (and include primary literature, correspondence, newspaper articles, obituaries and secondary literature).
3342:
Verified sources: Sven Hedins in the Stockholm Riksarkivet archived correspondence with Hans Draeger, Wilhelm Frick, Joseph Goebbels, Paul Grassmann and Heinrich Himmler
2110:. He achieved the release of Didrik Arup Seip, but his efforts to free Arnulf Ăverland were unsuccessful. Nevertheless, Arnulf Ăverland survived the concentration camp.
2396:
To this should be added 25 volumes with travel and expedition notes and 145 volumes of the diaries he regularly maintained between 1930 and 1952, totaling 8,257 pages.
1173:. Since their water supply was insufficient, seven camels died of thirst, as did two of his escorts (according to Hedin's dramatized and probably inaccurate account).
778:
Sven Hedin was born in Stockholm, the son of Ludwig Hedin, Chief Architect of Stockholm. When he was 15 years old Hedin witnessed the triumphal return of the Swedish
833:
In May 1885, Hedin graduated from Beskowska secondary school in Stockholm. He then accepted an offer to accompany the student Erhard Sandgren as his private tutor to
4128:
2124:
labor under the same charge received reduced sentences at Hedin's request. Unfortunately, Hans Bernhard Risanger died in prison just a few days before his release.
1346:
He returned from this expedition with a collection of geological samples which are kept and studied in the Bavarian State Collection of Paleontology and Geology of
1616:
from Beijing to Xinjiang. Following his plans, major irrigation facilities were constructed, settlements erected, and roads built on the Silk Road from Beijing to
2245:. As a foreigner, he was not authorized to use the associated title of Sir, but he could place the designation KCIE after his family name Hedin. Hedin was also a
1990:
1946:, "had been one of the companions of the Swedish explorer Sven Hedin on his excursions in the East, with archaeological and to some extent esoteric purposes".
1569:. The expedition had a wealth of scientific results which are being published up to the present time. For example, the discovery of specific deposits of iron,
2050:
4108:
4043:
1745:
He developed a lasting affinity for the German empire, with which he became acquainted during his formal studies. This is also shown in his admiration for
3590:
On this matter there is a thorough investigation contained in the essay Sven Hedin und nationalsozialistische Expansionspolitik by Astrid Mehmel loc.cit.
2211:
1903:(Goldmedaille der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften). On 16 January 1943 he received an honorary doctorate from the faculty of natural sciences of
471:
2238:
1335:, the midpoint of the earth according to Buddhist and Hindu mythology. The most important goal of the expedition was the search for the sources of the
2422:
The scientific effects as well as a collection of newspaper articles about Hedin organized by year (1895â1952) in 60 bound folios can be found in the
2342:
3400:
2594:
Reports from the scientific expedition to the north-western provinces of China under the leadership of Dr. Sven Hedin. The sino-Swedish expedition
3188:
1970:
1174:
819:. The entire city was illuminated. The buildings around the harbor glowed in the light of innumerable lamps and torches. Gas flames depicted the
459:
2492:
and adventure books, he became known to the general public. He soon became famous as one of the most well-recognized personalities of his time.
1756:(A People in Arms. Dedicated to the German Soldier). As a consequence, he lost friends in France and England and was expelled from the British
203:
2583:
Reports from the scientific expedition to the north-western provinces of China under leadership of Dr. Sven Hedin. The sino-Swedish expedition
2474:
Reports from the scientific expedition to the north-western provinces of China under leadership of Dr. Sven Hedin. The sino-Swedish expedition
824:
Thunderous jubilation resounded from quays, streets, windows and rooftops. "That is how I want to return home some day," I thought to myself.
4098:
1939:
549:, along with his memberships in their geographical societies and learned associations, as well as any support for his planned expeditions.
2333:. The plaque was installed in 1959. On it, a globe with Asia to the fore can be seen, crowned with a camel. It bears the Swedish epitaph:
1764:. Germany's defeat in World War I and the associated loss of its international reputation affected him deeply. That Sweden gave asylum to
1201:, one of the largest inland bodies of water in Central Asia. He reported that this lake is supplied by a single mighty feeder stream, the
1652:
1190:
844:
On 15 August 1885, he traveled to Baku with Erhard Sandgren and instructed him there for seven months, and he himself began to learn the
4173:
3758:
1734:
had been unwilling to finance. In early 1914, when the Liberal government enacted cutbacks to the country's defenses, Hedin wrote the
746:
relief map of Hedin's research area in Central Asia and a relief of the Lama temple, a copy of which he had brought to Chicago for the
947:
4073:
1213:
Another expedition in Central Asia followed in 1899â1902 through the Tarim Basin, Tibet and Kashmir to Calcutta. Hedin navigated the
2399:
The extensive holdings of the Hedin Foundation (Sven Hedins Stiftelse), which holds Hedin effects in trust, are to be found in the
2373:
1514:
from Sweden, Germany and China an opportunity to participate in the expedition and carry out research in their areas of specialty.
1385:
The explorations of Hedin 1886â1935. The routes of his colleagues during the Sino-Swedish Expedition of 1927â1935 are not included.
1161:
were unsuccessful. He remained in Kashgar until April 1895 and then left on 10 April with three local escorts from the village of
4048:
1631:
One aspect of the geography of central Asia which intensively occupied Hedin for decades was what he called the "wandering lake"
1316:
480:
3910:
2483:
315:), Hedin describes a journey through Asia and Europe between the late 1880s and the early 1900s. While traveling, Hedin visited
4168:
3980:
3126:
1347:
426:. Their travels were supported because they filled in the "white spaces" in contemporary maps, providing valuable information.
279:, explorer, photographer, travel writer and illustrator of his own works. During four expeditions to Central Asia, he made the
1291:
This expedition resulted in 1,149 pages of maps, on which Hedin depicted newly discovered lands. He was the first to describe
580:, and a long period of captivity, Hedin, by then 70 years of age, had a difficult time after the currency depreciation of the
4123:
3842:
3800:
3719:
3363:
3071:
2172:
134:
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dated 16 April 1937, it becomes clear what his criticism of National Socialism was in this time before the establishment of
1541:
Envelope of a letter from Hedin to his sister Alma with Chinese stamps issued on the occasion of the Sino-Swedish Expedition
1537:
4088:
3952:
2419:
50,000 letters organized alphabetically according to country and sender as well as some 30,000 additional unsorted letters.
374:. From that moment on, young Sven aspired to become an explorer. His studies under the German geographer and China expert,
233:
1812:
1712:
was one of his opponents on this issue, which divided Swedish politics at the time. In 1912 Hedin publicly supported the
89:
2452:
works. The photographs and maps with the highest quality printing are to be found in the original Swedish publications.
2312:; and streets and squares in the cities of various countries (for example, "Hedinsgatan" at Tessinparken in Stockholm).
717:
604:
A view of the entire area of Central Asia opened up for cartography and research by Hedin in his expeditions. Below the
4148:
4093:
4028:
4018:
3511:
3457:
Elisabeth Kraus: Die UniversitĂ€t MĂŒnchen im dritten Reich: AufsĂ€tze. Herbert Utz Verlag GmbH, MĂŒnchen 2006. pp. 494â502
3410:
690:
532:
61:
3608:
cf. Sven Hedin's German Diary 1935â1942, Dublin 1951, S. 204â217 und Eric Wennerholm, Sven Hedin 1865â1952, S. 229â230
3477:
3353:
3859:
3557:
3446:
3276:
2974:
2942:
2168:
2061:
754:
570:
375:
108:
3240:
Bruno Baumann: Karawane ohne Wiederkehr. Das Drama in der WĂŒste Takla Makan. MĂŒnchen 2000, pp. 113â121, 203, 303â307
2024:
So far I have never gone against my conscience and will not do it now either. Therefore, no deletions will be made.
3618:
3599:
As yet unpublished letters from the Riksarkivet in Stockholm, file: Sven Hedins Arkiv, Korrespondens, Tyskland, 487
3215:
2107:
1892:
545:
and its conduct of the war. Because of this political involvement, his scientific reputation was damaged among the
1752:
He viewed World War I as a struggle of the German race (particularly against Russia) and took sides in books like
978:
On 12 May 1890, he accompanied as interpreter and vice-consul a Swedish legation to Iran which was to present the
68:
3001:
Bd. 1 .1 1890 bis 1945 ed. by Irene Diekmann, Peter KrĂŒger und Julius H. Schoeps, Potsdam 2000, pp. 189â238.
2090:
The names and fates of the over one hundred deported Jews whom Hedin tried to save have not yet been researched.
1768:
as a political refugee after the failure of the Kapp Putsch is said to be primarily attributable to his efforts.
1573:, oil, coal and gold reserves was of great economic relevance for China. In recognition of his achievements, the
3023:
1063:
46:
1797:
permission to leave the country for people interned in prisons or concentration camps. In correspondence with
4068:
2423:
2400:
2316:
3500:
fictional-novelist book, but he is the publisher of the '"Daurio 2018"'s reference, with a coherent content.
3332:
75:
4133:
4083:
4063:
3811:
1895:
at Hedin's request to obtain Hedin's agreement to accept additional honors during the 470th anniversary of
1761:
753:
On 29 October 1952, Hedin's will granted the rights to his books and his extensive personal effects to the
3305:
2119:
Christian Oftedahl and Frithiof Lund on 24 February 1941, Hedin successfully appealed via Colonel General
4153:
4078:
4033:
3948:
3543:
3416:
2404:
1656:
1612:
measures and draw up plans and maps for the construction of two roads suitable for automobiles along the
1574:
1237:, and 19 dwellings built of poplar wood. He also found a wooden wheel from a horse-drawn cart (called an
42:
3168:"Segments from C.C. Shen's Recollections about Sven Hedin: Lending Archaeological Collections to Sweden"
2601:
1958:
for having been gone where the Swedish explorer wasn't able to come, and thus was personally invited by
4163:
4138:
4058:
4023:
2750:
Auf groĂer Fahrt. Meine Expedition mit Schweden, Deutschen und Chinesen durch die WĂŒste Gobi 1927â 1928
1757:
217:
57:
3683:
3192:
3033:
2651:
Verwehte Spuren. Orientfahrten des Reise-Bengt und anderer Reisenden im 17. Jahrhundert, Leipzig 1923.
2064:. By doing so, they accomplished their goal of forcing Hedin against his conscience to write his book
782:
367:
3654:
3539:
2323:
2250:
1876:
1682:, where the expedition arrived on 7 February 1935. He continued on to Beijing to meet with President
699:
675:
later solicited Hedin's assistance and financed the printing and publication of his life's work, the
597:
valuable library, which filled several rooms, making possible the publication of additional volumes.
1927:(Forschungsgemeinschaft Deutsches Ahnenerbe e.V.). On 21 January 1943, he was requested to sign the
3905:
2435:
2434:, in the depots of the Bavarian State Collection of Paleontology and Geology in Munich, and in the
2411:
2199:
2120:
1185:
In January 1896, after a stopover in Kashgar, Hedin visited the 1,500-year-old abandoned cities of
1059:
998:
where he collected primary material for his dissertation. Starting in September he traveled on the
967:
657:
440:
422:, was an active player in the British-Russian struggle for influence in Central Asia, known as the
3925:
4038:
3083:
3028:
2415:
2230:
2226:
2195:
1844:
1811:, where Hitler claimed that there could be peace if the United Kingdom and France recognized the
1727:
1688:
1455:
1285:
987:
792:
262:
35:
1381:
3931:
3258:
Referred also as Konqi-, Kongque, Kontsche- or Konche-darja or Peacock Riverâ see also note in
3006:
The Intellectual Unmasked: Sven Hedin's Political Life from Pan-Germanism to National Socialism
2225:
Numerous countries presented him with medals. In Sweden he became a Commander 1st Class of the
1443:
1359:
694:
562:
3939:
1915:, which was supposed to serve the long-term advancement of the scientific legacy of Hedin and
1343:
Rivers, both of which Hedin found. From India, he returned via Japan and Russia to Stockholm.
3127:"Book Review â Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia"
2644:
2628:
2367:
had to restrict itself to a small selection and a random examination of the source material.
2203:
1887:. On New Year's Day 1943 they released the Oslo professor of philology and university rector
1823:
1320:
1230:
983:
546:
446:
1378:âhighlight the geological diversity of the regions visited by Hedin during this expedition.
4013:
4008:
3140:
3018:
2567:
2382:
2326:
2207:
2191:
1840:
1828:
1717:
762:
757:; the Sven Hedin Foundation established soon thereafter holds all the rights of ownership.
747:
415:
2756:
RĂ€tsel der Gobi. Die Fortsetzung der GroĂen Fahrt durch Innerasien in den Jahren 1928â1930
8:
2896:
Sven Hedin und Albert Brockhaus. Eine Freundschaft in Briefen zwischen Autor und Verleger
2623:
2017:
I consider it my duty to state this openly, and, to be sure, in the firm conviction that
1994:
1635:. In May 1934, he began a river expedition to this lake. For two months he navigated the
1582:
1419:
1153:
to the Pamir Mountains. Several attempts to climb the 7,546 metres (24,757 ft) high
1031:
707:
504:
411:
300:
3177:(30): 109â130 – via Institute of History & Philology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan.
2618:
2585:. Over 50 volumes to date, contains primary and secondary literature. Stockholm 1937 ff.
1807:
year after year. Hedin directly interviewed Hitler in October 1939, one month after the
1225:
rivers and found the dry riverbed of the Kum-darja as well as the dried out lake bed of
816:
722:
385:
Between 1894 and 1908, in three daring expeditions through the mountains and deserts of
82:
3918:
3131:
2480:
which he received from his popular science books and for his lectures for the purpose.
2431:
2315:
A permanent exhibition of articles found by Hedin on his expeditions is located in the
2257:
2219:
2215:
2184:
2152:
2128:
2001:
1978:
1808:
1739:
1664:
1486:
865:
786:
779:
721:
Hedin lived with family members in the upper three stories of this house in Stockholm,
693:
and incorporated into Chinese research. Following recommendations made by Hedin to the
681:
664:
498:
434:
371:
3167:
2577:
2099:
1776:
Hedin's conservative and pro-German views eventually translated into sympathy for the
3876:
3855:
3838:
3796:
3553:
3442:
3406:
3359:
3144:
3109:
3089:
3067:
2970:
2938:
2057:
2041:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1884:
1746:
1709:
1594:
1340:
1166:
1127:
625:
577:
210:
3915:
3466:
See file R 135 of the Bundesarchivs, located in the Dienststelle Berlin-Lichterfelde
2543:
Die geographisch-wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse meiner Reisen in Zentralasien 1894â97
2458:
Die geographisch-wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse meiner Reisen in Zentralasien 1894â97
1145:
He started out on this expedition on 16 October 1893, from Stockholm, traveling via
3885:
3715:
2266:
2103:
1920:
1916:
1888:
1803:
1780:, and this would draw him into increasing controversy towards the end of his life.
1735:
1586:
1351:
1328:
1238:
1146:
1071:
869:
857:
849:
590:
581:
336:
3152:
2869:
2660:
Durch Asiens WĂŒsten. Drei Jahre auf neuen Wegen in Pamir, Lop-nor, Tibet und China
2495:
D. Henze wrote the following about an exhibition at the Deutsches Museum entitled
2151:
Because of his outstanding services, Hedin was raised to the untitled nobility by
731:
3975:
3968:
3944:
3038:
2557:
2242:
2176:
1798:
1644:
1534:
was selling them at, but years later became valuable treasures among collectors.
1518:
1407:
1327:. Hedin was the first European to reach the Kailash region, including the sacred
1304:
1158:
1131:
1119:
861:
634:
613:
510:
364:
2487:
Hedin's Gravestone in the cemetery of Adolf Fredriks church in Stockholm, Sweden
1620:, which made it possible to completely bypass the rough terrain of Tarim Basin.
1608:
government under Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjingâa Chinese expedition to investigate
242:
3872:
2261:
2175:. From 1913 to 1952 he held the sixth of 18 chairs as an elected member of the
1993:
insisted on the deletion of Nazi-critical passages. In a letter Hedin wrote to
1459:
1246:
1092:
995:
959:
928:
912:
880:
853:
845:
617:
569:
Despite Chinese counter-demonstrations and after months of negotiations in the
452:
269:
3924:
1252:
During his travels in 1900 and 1901 he attempted in vain to reach the city of
1241:) as well as several hundred documents written on wood, paper and silk in the
4002:
3990:
3789:
Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia
3148:
2592:. Maps, Statens etnografiska museum. Stockholm 1966. (appeared in the series
2378:
2330:
2234:
2036:
After he refused to remove his criticism of National Socialism from his book
2018:
1943:
1765:
1720:
1598:
1526:
1507:
1491:
1399:
1371:
1332:
1312:
1214:
1067:
1030:
Desert. On the trip home, he visited the grave of the Russian Asian scholar,
609:
542:
332:
280:
265:
3940:
British Indian intelligence on Sven Hedin. National Archives of India (1928)
3249:
Bernd Liebner: Söhne der WĂŒste â Durch Gobi und Taklamakan, Documentary film
739:
2393:
There are about 2,500 drawings and watercolors, films and many photographs.
2307:
2179:. In this position, he had a vote in the selection of Nobel Prize winners.
1997:
1959:
1781:
1696:
1648:
1403:
1186:
1170:
1162:
904:
838:
653:
649:
638:
528:
516:
477:
386:
3093:
1545:
The first part of the expedition, from 1927 to 1932, led from Beijing via
837:, where Sandgren's father was working as an engineer in the oil fields of
3834:
3792:
3263:
3223:
2246:
2157:
2132:
1955:
1777:
1731:
1636:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1411:
1336:
1222:
1218:
1202:
1198:
1135:
1123:
1058:
On 27 April 1892, Hedin traveled to Berlin to continue his studies under
812:
621:
538:
419:
304:
284:
276:
3622:
3227:
1623:
1315:, which for a time was afterward called the Hedin Range. He visited the
3259:
3113:
2161:
2056:
On 8 June 1942, the Nazis increased the pressure on Hedin by deporting
2021:âs nation, which is religious through and through, will understand me.
2014:
1880:
1793:
1609:
1605:
1503:
1495:
1435:
1027:
951:
916:
465:
423:
272:
16:
Swedish geographer, explorer, photographer, and illustrator (1865â1952)
2082:
Hedin responded on 19 July 1946 (translation, abbreviated quotation):
735:
685:
of 1891 can appreciate what Hedin accomplished between 1893 and 1935.
667:
troops deliberately confiscated documents relating to Hedin's planned
2921:
Sven Anders Hedin 1865â1952 â eine Bibliografie der SekundĂ€rliteratur
2916:, Vol. I. Stockholm 1962. likewise.: First Supplement. Stockholm 1965
2346:
2302:
2049:, subjugated himself against his conscience to the censorship of the
1962:
in Berlin and honoured by the FĂŒhrer during his 75th birthday feast.
1786:
1674:
For the return trip, Hedin selected the southern Silk Road route via
1660:
1613:
1590:
1570:
1511:
1363:
1242:
1154:
1042:. On 29 March 1891, he was back in Stockholm. He published the books
1039:
1015:
999:
986:. As part of the Swedish legation, he was at an audience of the shah
924:
796:
600:
486:
390:
176:
159:
3890:
3402:
Travels in the Reich, 1933â1945: Foreign Authors Report from Germany
3358:(2 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 6â14.
2160:, the assembly house of Swedish nobility in Stockholm's inner city,
2143:
1651:
who was retreating from northern Xinjiang along with his Kuomintang
1245:
script. These provided information about the history of the city of
24:
3911:
Excellent bibliography, listing publications and further literature
3894:
3853:
Sven Hedin institutet. En rasbiologisk upptÀcksresa i Tredje riket.
1679:
1558:
1550:
1499:
1479:
1471:
1439:
1431:
1415:
1324:
1277:
1197:
in the Taklamakan Desert. At the beginning of March, he discovered
1150:
1019:
1007:
920:
711:
605:
554:
394:
320:
2983:. Norstedts, Stockholm 2008 (new biography in Swedish, 600 pages).
1875:). For his 75th birthday on 19 February 1940 they awarded him the
250:
2910:
Die Werke Sven Hedins. Versuch eines vollstÀndigen Verzeichnisses
2666:
Im Herzen von Asien. Zehntausend Kilometer auf unbekannten Pfaden
1951:
1683:
1632:
1617:
1522:
1395:
1375:
1355:
1292:
1281:
1273:
1226:
1035:
1023:
1011:
1003:
955:
908:
900:
892:
586:
558:
296:
3809:
2619:
Central Asia and Tibet: Towards the Holy City of Lassa, Volume 1
2599:
2337:
Asia's unknown expanses were his worldâSweden remained his home.
2102:
and for the Oslo professor of philology and university director
931:. Hedin then returned to Sweden, arriving on 18 September 1886.
856:
languages. He later learned several Persian dialects as well as
363:
At 15 years of age, Hedin witnessed the triumphal return of the
2040:, the Nazis confiscated the passports of Hedin's Jewish friend
1801:
and Hans DrÀger, Hedin was able to achieve the printing of the
1546:
1427:
1265:
1261:
1194:
991:
896:
888:
884:
743:
742:. In the entryway to the stairwell is to be found a decorative
645:
492:
379:
324:
316:
292:
1422:(called the "Duke of Mongolia") in November and December in a
990:
in Tehran. He spoke with him and later accompanied him to the
3733:
2564:
Trans-Himalaya: Discoveries and Adventures in Tibet, Volume 1
1981:, conflict with the churches and bars to freedom of science.
1716:. He helped collect public donations for the building of the
1675:
1423:
1367:
1308:
1253:
1234:
1139:
994:
Mountain Range. On 11 July 1890, he and three others climbed
966:. From October 1889 to March 1890 he studied in Berlin under
934:
In 1887, Hedin published a book about these travels entitled
398:
348:
344:
340:
288:
4114:
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
2684:
Zu Land nach Indien durch Persien. Seistan und Bclutschistan
2464:), Gotha 1900. The publication about the second expedition,
541:
he specifically allied himself in his publications with the
527:
Concerned about the security of Scandinavia, he favored the
254:
Sven Hedin signature on postcard to Johann Maria Farina 1935
3278:
The flight of "Big Horse": the trail of war in Central Asia
2872:
in commemoration of Hedin's 100th birthday, Wiesbaden 1965.
2113:
2093:
1671:
attacked Hedin's expedition by shooting at their vehicles.
1659:. While Hedin was detained by Ma Zhongying, he met General
1269:
979:
876:
834:
820:
328:
3828:
1954:
and reproached the Polish explorer and visiting professor
1082:. This dissertation is a summary of one part of his book,
3787:
Meyer, Karl E.; Brysac, Shareen Blair (25 October 1999).
3621:. Swedish Heraldry Society. 23 March 2007. Archived from
1604:
From the end of 1933 to 1934, Hedin ledâon behalf of the
1257:
2981:Ăventyr pĂ„ Riktigt BerĂ€ttelsen om UpptĂ€ckaren Sven Hedin
2692:, 3 vol., Leipzig 1911â1912; new edition Wiesbaden 1980.
1925:
Research Association for German Genealogical Inheritance
1907:. On the same day, the Nazis founded in his absence the
1861:) In 1938, they presented him with the City of Berlin's
3759:"DFG - GEPRIS - Sven Hedin und die deutsche Geographie"
2995:
Sven Hedin und nationalsozialistische Expansionspolitik
2955:. Wilhelm Köhler Verlag, Minden 1954, pp. 317â378.
2949:
Abenteuerliche Lebensreise â Sieben biografische Essays
2410:
Hedin's correspondence is in the archive of the German
1950:
Hedin was trying to discover the mythological place of
1818:
On 29 October 1942, Hitler read Hedin's book entitled,
3831:
The Silk Road: Ten Thousand Miles through Central Asia
3816:. Stockholm: SLANDERS BOKTRYCKERI AKTIEBOL AG G6TEBORG
2606:. Stockholm: Göteborg, Elanders boktryckeri aktiebolag
1991:
Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
4119:
Commanders First Class of the Order of the Polar Star
3405:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 203.
2390:
Hedin's own publications amount to some 30,000 pages.
2051:
Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
2031:
1919:
as Asian experts. However, it was instead misused by
1822:. In the book Hedin promoted the view that President
1264:
district, India. From Leh, Hedin's route took him to
946:
From 1886 to 1888, Hedin studied under the geologist
4054:
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences
3813:
History of the expedition in Asia, 1927-1935, Part 3
2744:
Gran Canon. Mein Besuch im amerikanischen Wunderland
2662:, 2 vol., Leipzig 1899; neue Ausgabe Wiesbaden 1981.
2603:
History of the expedition in Asia, 1927â1935, Part 3
1879:; shortly before that date it had been presented to
1256:, which was forbidden to Europeans. He continued to
4159:
Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala
4144:
Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
4104:
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni
3659:
Ostenf. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
3475:
1754:
Ein Volk in Waffen. Den deutschen Soldaten gewidmet
1084:
King Oscar's Legation to the Shah of Persia in 1890
1074:. Yet in the same month, he received the degree of
1044:
King Oscar's Legation to the Shah of Persia in 1890
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3191:. Museum of Ethnography, Stockholm. Archived from
2935:Sven Hedin mit Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten
2923:. Self-published Manfred Kleinert, Princeton 2001.
2732:Persien und Mesopotamien, zwei asiatische Probleme
2678:Transhimalaja. Entdeckungen und Abenteuer in Tibet
2576:. 11 text and 3 map volumes. Stockholm 1917â1922.
2556:. 10 text and 2 map volumes. Stockholm 1904â1907.
2239:Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
2098:Hedin supported the cause of the Norwegian author
1965:
1454:Between 1927 and 1935, Hedin led an international
950:in Stockholm and Uppsala the subjects of geology,
3688:Murb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
3355:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II
3303:
3274:
2167:In 1905, Hedin was admitted to membership in the
1989:(Germany and World Peace) in Germany because the
1565:, and into the northern and eastern parts of the
299:, and the remains of cities, grave sites and the
4129:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
4000:
2680:, Leipzig 1909â1912; new edition Wiesbaden 1985.
2987:
2960:Mein Bruder Sven. Nach Briefen und Erinnerungen
2554:Scientific results of a journey in Central-Asia
2468:, increased to six text and two atlas volumes.
2466:Scientific Results of a Journey in Central Asia
2329:can be found the Sven Hedin memorial plaque by
1699:in Berlin before his lecture on 14 April 1935.
652:would protect Scandinavia from invasion by the
3469:
1901:Gold Medal of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
1303:Between 1905 and 1908, Hedin investigated the
1118:Between 1893 and 1897, Hedin investigated the
828:
268:, (19 February 1865 â 26 November 1952) was a
3538:
3509:
3392:
3058:
3056:
3054:
2850:, Buenos Aires 1949; TĂŒbingen-Stuttgart 1950.
2476:. This publication went through 49 editions.
1909:Sven Hedin Institute for Inner Asian Research
283:known in the West and located sources of the
3104:Sven Anders Hedin; Nils Peter Ambolt (1966)
2256:In his honor have been named a glacier, the
1581:in 1933; the same honor was also awarded to
1053:
936:Through Persia, Mesopotamia and the Caucasus
389:, he mapped and researched parts of Chinese
4109:Recipients of the Cullum Geographical Medal
4044:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
3917:, article on Sven Hedin, available also as
3829:Hedin, Sven; foreword by John Hare (2009).
3786:
3644:Hedinâs medals and decorations, literature)
3503:
3399:Lubrich, Oliver, ed. (2012). "Sven Hedin".
3124:
2937:. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1986, 1991.
2674:, Leipzig 1904; new edition Wiesbaden 1980.
2535:
2028:Hedin later published this book in Sweden.
1859:Deutsch-Schwedische Vereinigung Berlin e.V.
1653:36th Division (National Revolutionary Army)
1086:. Eric Wennerholm remarked on the subject:
3051:
2969:. F. A. Brockhaus Verlag, Wiesbaden 1978.
2953:Sven Hedin. Der letzte Entdeckungsreisende
2377:Memorial plaque with epitaph for Hedin by
2237:(RVO). In the United Kingdom he was named
1985:In 1937 Hedin refused to publish his book
1847:. They made him an honorary member of the
1157:âcalled the Father of the Glaciersâin the
355:marked the conclusion of his life's work.
133:
3810:Sven Anders Hedin, Folke Bergman (1944).
3383:
3108:, Statens etnografiska museum, Stockholm
3085:FrÄn pol till pol: genom Asien och Europa
2600:Sven Anders Hedin, Folke Bergman (1944).
2508:
2214:Berlin (1931) (all Dr. phil. h.c.), from
1938:Senior Jewish German archeologist Werner
1792:Hedin met Adolf Hitler and other leading
1771:
883:over the Caspian Sea, riding through the
803:He describes this experience in his book
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3351:
2643:
2482:
2442:
2372:
2142:
2114:Efforts on behalf of Norwegian activists
2094:Efforts on behalf of deported Norwegians
1622:
1536:
1380:
1307:desert basins, the western highlands of
791:
716:
599:
249:
241:
3398:
3281:. E. P. Dutton and co., inc. p. 84
3175:Disquisitions on the Past & Present
1820:America in the Battle of the Continents
1100:an explanation he supplied in old age:
773:
464:1903, 1914, 1917, 1926, 1936 by Kaiser
4001:
3572:In: Abenteuerliche Lebensreise, p. 367
3352:Weinberg, Gerhard L. (28 March 2005).
2516:Sven Hedin und die deutsche Geographie
2365:Sven Hedin und die deutsche Geographie
1899:. On 15 January 1943, he received the
973:
3720:United States Army Corps of Engineers
3520:from the original on 10 November 2018
3486:from the original on 10 November 2018
3379:
3377:
3375:
3213:
2648:Sven Hedin by Carl Emil Ăsterman 1923
2190:He received honorary doctorates from
2173:Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences
2053:, and published the book in Germany.
1414:, he had to abandon an expedition to
1078:with a 28-page dissertation entitled
875:On 6 April 1886, Hedin left Baku for
725:66, from 1935 until his death in 1952
4099:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
3945:Newspaper clippings about Sven Hedin
3731:
3165:
3118:
2352:
2270:; a species of the flowering plant,
1714:Swedish coastal defense ship Society
1449:
1412:political and social unrest in China
1208:
429:Hedin was honored in ceremonies in:
351:. The posthumous publication of his
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
3482:(in Spanish). Oscar Luis Rigiroli.
3479:Historias Secretas de Amor y Sangre
3345:
3220:Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)
2999:Geopolitik. GrenzgÀnge im Zeitgeist
2708:General Prschewalskij in Innerasien
1813:German occupation of Czechoslovakia
1298:
1288:, England's then Viceroy to India.
1113:
903:. From there he took a ship up the
879:(then called Persia), traveling by
679:. Whoever compares this atlas with
13:
3833:. London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks
3780:
3372:
2634:
2357:
2032:Efforts on behalf of deported Jews
1730:and anti-militarist government of
1702:
1689:Brilliant Jade Order, Second Class
919:, and then travelling through the
785:after his first navigation of the
691:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
531:'s construction of the battleship
370:after his first navigation of the
14:
4185:
4174:Recipients of the Cothenius Medal
3866:
3166:Shen, Yaming (28 December 2017).
2962:. Brockhaus Verlag, Leipzig 1925.
2854:GroĂe MĂ€nner, denen ich begegnete
2210:(1943) universities and from the
2169:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2062:Theresienstadt concentration camp
1929:Golden Book of the city of Munich
1643:His caravan of truck lorries was
1193:, which are located northeast of
1080:Personal Observations of Damavand
1060:Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen
982:of Iran with the insignia of the
968:Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen
755:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
376:Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen
4074:Swedish people of Jewish descent
3898:
3008:. Dissertation, Minnesota, 2005.
2898:. F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1942.
2218:(1915, Dr. jur. h.c.), and from
2108:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
1942:, sent in the expedition by the
1893:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
1708:vigilant military preparedness.
1026:to the western outskirts of the
962:. In December 1888, he became a
232:
23:
3751:
3725:
3705:
3676:
3647:
3637:
3611:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3532:
3460:
3451:
3434:
3336:
3326:
3297:
3268:
3252:
2902:
2823:Amerika im Kampf der Kontinente
2520:Sven Hedin and German Geography
2264:; a genus of flowering plants,
2066:Amerika im Kampf der Kontinente
2038:Deutschland und der Weltfrieden
1987:Deutschland und der Weltfrieden
1966:Criticism of National Socialism
1442:, Russia and from there on the
1138:, proceeding to study northern
1126:in Xinjiang region, across the
1062:. Beginning of July he went to
576:Because of failing health, the
451:from 1898 frequently by Kaiser
34:needs additional citations for
4049:Members of the Swedish Academy
3243:
3234:
3226:Public Library. Archived from
3207:
3181:
3159:
3098:
3076:
3024:Swedish intervention in Persia
2927:
2894:Sven Hedin, Albert Brockhaus:
2817:Deutschland und der Weltfriede
2596:; Ausgabe 47. 1. Geography; 1)
1873:Ehrenplakette der Stadt Berlin
1647:by the Chinese Muslim General
1627:Sven Hedin at his desk in 1935
1579:Ferdinand von Richthofen Medal
1295:formations in the Lop Desert.
1064:University of Halle-Wittenberg
1048:Through Chorasan and Turkestan
695:Chinese Nationalist government
578:civil war in Chinese Turkestan
246:Dr. Sven Hedin at home in 1902
1:
4169:20th-century Swedish nobility
3545:Hitler and the magic Nazism (
3044:
2914:Sven Hedin â Leben und Briefe
2768:Die Flucht des GroĂen Pferdes
2545:. Supplementary volume 28 to
2525:
2497:Sven Hedin, the last explorer
2317:Stockholm Ethnographic Museum
2227:Royal Order of the North Star
710:once extended as far west as
470:1906 by the Viceroy of India
458:1902 by the Viceroy of India
4124:Knights of the Order of Vasa
3882:Works by or about Sven Hedin
3476:Oscar Luis Rigiroli (1017).
2988:Hedin and National Socialism
2885:, 2 vol., Leipzig 1921â1923.
2856:, 2 volumes, Wiesbaden 1951.
1762:Russian Geographical Society
1418:. Instead, he traveled with
768:
515:1935, 1939, 1940 (twice) by
476:1907, 1926, 1933 by the 9th
295:Rivers. He also mapped lake
7:
4089:Stockholm University alumni
3949:20th Century Press Archives
3897:(public domain audiobooks)
3496:. The present source is an
3384:W. Ryback, Timothy (2010).
3189:"The Sven Hedin Foundation"
3012:
2720:An der Schwelle Innerasiens
2106:, who were interned in the
1973:wrote in 1954 about Hedin:
1849:German-Swedish Union Berlin
1657:Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang
1575:Berlin Geographical Society
1394:In 1923, Hedin traveled to
1389:
915:), returning to Tehran via
829:First trip to Iran (Persia)
358:
10:
4190:
3926:"Hedin, Sven Anders"
3692:Plants of the World Online
3663:Plants of the World Online
3547:Hitler e il Nazismo magico
3304:Sven Anders Hedin (1940).
3275:Sven Anders Hedin (1936).
3082:Hedin, Anders Sven (1911)
2530:
2305:(a "mammal-like reptile")
2297:; a fossil hoofed mammal,
1758:Royal Geographical Society
1319:in the cloistered city of
941:
612:ranges, in the middle the
4149:Victoria Medal recipients
4094:Uppsala University alumni
4029:Explorers of Central Asia
4019:Scientists from Stockholm
3987:
3973:
3965:
3960:
3528:– via PublishDrive.
3494:– via PublishDrive.
3125:David Nalle (June 2000).
2830:d) Autobiographical works
2696:Bagdad â Babylon â Ninive
2251:Order of the German Eagle
2138:
2047:FĂŒnfzig Jahre Deutschland
1877:Order of the German Eagle
1122:, travelling through the
1054:Doctorate and career path
700:scientific classification
682:Adolf Stielers Hand Atlas
503:1915 and subsequently by
231:
226:
199:
191:
183:
166:
144:
132:
125:
3386:Hitler's Private Library
3064:Sven Hedin â En biografi
3062:Wennerholm, Eric (1978)
2836:Mein Leben als Entdecker
2536:Scientific documentation
2436:National Museum of China
2233:badge and Knight of the
2121:Nikolaus von Falkenhorst
1760:, and from the Imperial
1597:for his research on the
1485:Hedin described it as a
1070:, attending lectures by
658:Nazi concentration camps
3516:. Oscar Luis Rigiroli.
3388:. Vintage. p. 218.
3310:. Routledge. p. 24
3034:Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
3029:Sino-Swedish Expedition
2883:Tsangpo Lamas Wallfahrt
2866:Mein Leben als Zeichner
2842:EroberungszĂŒge in Tibet
2686:, 2 vol., Leipzig 1910.
2668:, 2 vol., Leipzig 1903.
2547:Petermanns Mitteilungen
2462:Petermanns Mitteilungen
2416:German Federal Archives
2222:(1919, Dr. med. h.c.).
1923:as an institute of the
1577:presented him with the
1458:which investigated the
1456:Sino-Swedish Expedition
1286:George Nathaniel Curzon
988:Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
964:Candidate in Philosophy
899:and the harbor city of
852:, Russian, English and
783:Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
663:At the end of the war,
497:1910 by U.S. President
368:Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld
3932:Encyclopedia Americana
3851:Tommy Lundmark (2014)
3510:CĂȘdric Daurio (2018).
3139:(3). Washington, USA:
3066:, Bonniers, Stockholm
2848:Ohne Auftrag in Berlin
2762:Jehol, die Kaiserstadt
2738:Von Peking nach Moskau
2649:
2629:Through Asia, Volume 1
2509:Current Hedin research
2506:
2488:
2386:
2339:
2299:Tsaidamotherium hedini
2148:
2088:
2080:
2060:and his family to the
2026:
1983:
1872:
1858:
1772:Hedin and Nazi Germany
1628:
1542:
1487:peripatetic university
1444:Trans-Siberian Railway
1402:âwhere he visited the
1386:
1107:
1097:
826:
811:On 24 April 1880, the
805:My Life as an Explorer
800:
726:
644:Although he was not a
629:
563:Trans-Siberian Railway
303:in the deserts of the
255:
247:
3722:, Greenland 1:250,000
3088:, Bonnier, Stockholm
2647:
2501:
2486:
2443:Hedin's documentation
2376:
2349:was named after him.
2335:
2146:
2084:
2075:
2006:
1975:
1824:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1626:
1540:
1384:
1284:, meeting there with
1231:Imperial Chinese Army
1102:
1088:
1038:on the shore of Lake
984:Order of the Seraphim
821:constellation of Vega
809:
795:
720:
673:U.S. Army Map Service
616:, above which is the
603:
481:Thubten Choekyi Nyima
447:Nicholas II of Russia
253:
245:
139:Sven Hedin circa 1910
4069:Swedish topographers
3732:Wittmann, Dr Peter.
3155:on 29 November 2008.
3141:Blackwell Publishers
3019:List of explorations
2967:Sven Hedin 1865â1952
2860:Meine Hunde in Asien
2383:Adolf Fredrik church
2291:Fumea hedini Caradja
1841:1936 Summer Olympics
1829:Treaty of Versailles
1718:coastal defense ship
1531:Nomads in the Desert
1076:Doctor of Philosophy
1050:about this journey.
774:Childhood influences
763:Adolf Fredrik church
648:, Hedin's hope that
416:Francis Younghusband
43:improve this article
4134:Swedish monarchists
4084:Swedish sinologists
4064:Swedish geographers
3891:Works by Sven Hedin
3873:Works by Sven Hedin
3422:on 6 September 2019
2424:Ethnographic Museum
2401:Ethnographic Museum
2235:Royal Order of Vasa
2171:and in 1909 to the
2002:extermination camps
1583:Erich von Drygalski
1420:Frans August Larson
1032:Nikolai Przhevalsky
974:Second trip to Iran
708:Great Wall of China
557:by car and through
445:1896, 1909 by Czar
412:Nikolai Przhevalsky
301:Great Wall of China
4154:Explorers of India
4079:Swedish Christians
4034:Explorers of Tibet
3625:on 7 November 2009
3513:The mystic warrior
3307:The wandering lake
3214:Liukkonen, Petri.
3132:Middle East Policy
3106:Central Asia Atlas
3004:Danielsson, S.K.:
2933:Detlef Brennecke:
2805:Ein Volk in Waffen
2793:c) Political works
2786:Im Verbotenen Land
2672:Abenteuer in Tibet
2650:
2590:Central Asia atlas
2489:
2460:(Supplement 28 to
2432:Uppsala University
2387:
2283:Longitarsus hedini
2276:Comastoma falcatum
2274:(now a synonym of
2258:Sven Hedin Glacier
2220:Rostock University
2216:Breslau University
2185:Royal Coin Cabinet
2149:
2147:COA for Sven Hedin
2129:Operation Freshman
1979:Jewish persecution
1956:Antoni Ossendowski
1837:Sport as a Teacher
1809:invasion of Poland
1665:Kemal Kaya Effendi
1629:
1543:
1387:
1169:via Tusluk to the
872:and some Chinese.
848:, French, German,
801:
787:Northern Sea Route
727:
677:Central Asia Atlas
669:Central Asia Atlas
665:United States Army
646:National Socialist
630:
499:Theodore Roosevelt
455:of Austria-Hungary
441:NÄser ad-DÄ«n Schah
435:Oscar II of Sweden
372:Northern Sea Route
353:Central Asia Atlas
256:
248:
4164:Himalayan studies
4139:Explorers of Iran
4059:Swedish explorers
4024:Explorers of Asia
3997:
3996:
3988:Succeeded by
3961:Cultural offices
3877:Project Gutenberg
3844:978-1-84511-898-3
3802:978-1-58243-106-2
3619:"The Swedish Way"
3365:978-0-521-61826-7
3195:on 13 August 2010
3072:978-9-10043-621-6
2965:Eric Wennerholm:
2919:Manfred Kleiner:
2862:, Wiesbaden 1953.
2780:Der wandernde See
2714:Meine erste Reise
2655:b) Popular works
2405:National Archives
2353:Research on Hedin
2287:Coleoptera hedini
2260:; a lunar crater
2212:Handelshochschule
2135:on 13 July 1953.
2058:Alfred Philippson
2042:Alfred Philippson
1913:Mittersill Castle
1905:Munich University
1897:Munich University
1885:Charles Lindbergh
1747:Kaiser Wilhelm II
1710:August Strindberg
1595:Alfred Philippson
1450:Fourth expedition
1352:sedimentary rocks
1348:Munich University
1209:Second expedition
1167:Taklamakan Desert
1128:Taklamakan Desert
748:1933 World's Fair
738:to the island of
626:Taklamakan Desert
571:Republic of China
509:1929 and 1935 by
313:From Pole to Pole
309:FrÄn pol till pol
259:Sven Anders Hedin
240:
239:
222:
215:
211:Livingstone Medal
208:
148:Sven Anders Hedin
119:
118:
111:
93:
4181:
3966:Preceded by
3958:
3957:
3936:
3928:
3902:
3901:
3886:Internet Archive
3848:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3806:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3729:
3723:
3716:Army Map Service
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3686:Gentiana hedinii
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3651:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3615:
3609:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3542:(13 June 2012).
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3507:
3501:
3498:historical-based
3495:
3493:
3491:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3449:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3421:
3415:. Archived from
3396:
3390:
3389:
3381:
3370:
3369:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3272:
3266:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3230:on 29 July 2014.
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3172:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3151:. Archived from
3122:
3116:
3102:
3096:
3080:
3074:
3060:
2993:Mehmel, Astrid:
2774:Die SeidenstraĂe
2615:
2613:
2611:
2414:in Bonn, in the
2280:
2229:(KNO1kl) with a
2104:Didrik Arup Seip
1921:Heinrich Himmler
1917:Wilhelm Filchner
1889:Didrik Arup Seip
1870:
1856:
1804:Daily Watchwords
1738:, in which King
1736:Courtyard Speech
1587:Gauss Expedition
1426:automobile from
1329:Lake Manasarovar
1317:9th Panchen Lama
1299:Third expedition
1147:Saint Petersburg
1132:Lake Kara-Koshun
1114:First expedition
1072:Alfred Kirchhoff
948:Waldemar BrĂžgger
817:Stockholms ström
799:on 24 April 1880
723:Norr MĂ€larstrand
591:Chung-Chang Shen
582:Great Depression
485:1908 by Emperor
337:Russian Far East
236:
220:
213:
206:
173:
170:26 November 1952
157:19 February 1865
156:
154:
137:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4178:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3984:
3979:
3976:Swedish Academy
3971:
3969:Hans Hildebrand
3923:
3899:
3869:
3845:
3819:
3817:
3803:
3783:
3781:Further reading
3778:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3730:
3726:
3712:Sven Hedin Firn
3710:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3667:
3665:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3537:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3508:
3504:
3489:
3487:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3397:
3393:
3382:
3373:
3366:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3327:
3313:
3311:
3302:
3298:
3284:
3282:
3273:
3269:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3170:
3164:
3160:
3123:
3119:
3103:
3099:
3081:
3077:
3061:
3052:
3047:
3039:Vega expedition
3015:
2990:
2979:Axel Odelberg:
2947:Johannes Paul:
2930:
2905:
2868:, published by
2844:, Leipzig 1940.
2838:, Leipzig 1926.
2813:, Leipzig 1916.
2807:, Leipzig 1915.
2801:, Leipzig 1912.
2799:Ein Warnungsruf
2782:, Leipzig 1937.
2776:, Leipzig 1936.
2770:, Leipzig 1935.
2764:, Leipzig 1932.
2758:, Leipzig 1931.
2752:, Leipzig 1929.
2746:, Leipzig 1926.
2740:, Leipzig 1924.
2734:, Leipzig 1923.
2728:, Leipzig 1923.
2722:, Leipzig 1923.
2716:, Leipzig 1922.
2710:, Leipzig 1922.
2704:, Leipzig 1918.
2637:
2635:German editions
2609:
2607:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2511:
2445:
2360:
2358:Source material
2355:
2343:Sven Hedin Firn
2324:Adolf Frederick
2289:; a butterfly,
2281:); the beetles
2279:(Turcz.) Toyok.
2278:
2272:Gentiana hedini
2243:King Edward VII
2177:Swedish Academy
2141:
2116:
2100:Arnulf Ăverland
2096:
2034:
1995:State Secretary
1968:
1947:
1866:
1852:
1845:Olympic Stadium
1799:Joseph Goebbels
1774:
1705:
1703:Political views
1519:Chiang Kai-shek
1452:
1408:Empire of Japan
1392:
1305:Central Iranian
1301:
1211:
1159:Pamir Mountains
1120:Pamir Mountains
1116:
1056:
976:
944:
831:
780:Arctic explorer
776:
771:
635:Chiang Kai-shek
620:range with the
614:Tibetan plateau
511:Chiang Kai-shek
365:Arctic explorer
361:
331:, lands of the
216:
209:
175:
171:
158:
152:
150:
149:
140:
128:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4187:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4039:Geopoliticians
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3986:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3942:
3937:
3921:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3888:
3879:
3868:
3867:External links
3865:
3864:
3863:
3849:
3843:
3826:
3807:
3801:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3750:
3738:leibniz-ifl.de
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3601:
3592:
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3558:
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3502:
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3450:
3433:
3412:978-0226006451
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2827:
2826:
2825:, Leipzig 1942
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2788:, Leipzig 1937
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2698:, Leipzig 1918
2693:
2690:Von Pol zu Pol
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2653:
2652:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2597:
2586:
2580:
2574:Southern Tibet
2570:
2560:
2550:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2510:
2507:
2470:Southern Tibet
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2427:
2420:
2412:Foreign Office
2408:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2381:(1959) in the
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2295:Dictyna hedini
2140:
2137:
2115:
2112:
2095:
2092:
2033:
2030:
1967:
1964:
1863:Badge of Honor
1773:
1770:
1704:
1701:
1508:meteorologists
1506:, geologists,
1492:archaeologists
1460:meteorological
1451:
1448:
1391:
1388:
1300:
1297:
1210:
1207:
1115:
1112:
1093:Mount Damavand
1055:
1052:
996:Mount Damavand
975:
972:
943:
940:
929:Constantinople
913:Ottoman Empire
881:paddle steamer
830:
827:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:in Stockholm.
618:Pamir Mountain
521:
520:
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
474:
468:
462:
456:
453:Franz Joseph I
449:
443:
437:
360:
357:
307:. In his book
238:
237:
229:
228:
224:
223:
218:Victoria Medal
201:
200:Notable awards
197:
196:
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188:
185:
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180:
174:(aged 87)
168:
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146:
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31:
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22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4186:
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4004:
3992:
3991:Sten Selander
3983:
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3938:
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3920:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:Scanned works
3904:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3861:
3860:9789186621957
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3836:
3832:
3827:
3815:
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3808:
3804:
3798:
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3790:
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3784:
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3763:gepris.dfg.de
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3693:
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3587:
3578:
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3561:
3559:9788858628478
3555:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3540:Giorgio Galli
3535:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3506:
3499:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3472:
3463:
3454:
3448:
3447:3-486-56529-X
3444:
3437:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3380:
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3007:
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2996:
2992:
2991:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2975:3-7653-0302-X
2972:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2951:. including:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:3-499-50355-7
2940:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2897:
2893:
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2884:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2870:Gösta Montell
2867:
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2855:
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2834:
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2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2726:Mount Everest
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
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2679:
2676:
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2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:a) Biography
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2605:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2549:. Gotha 1900.
2548:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2407:in Stockholm.
2406:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:Liss Eriksson
2375:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2331:Liss Eriksson
2328:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
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2277:
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2263:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2153:King Oskar II
2145:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1971:Johannes Paul
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1944:Thule Society
1941:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1864:
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1855:
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1846:
1842:
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1832:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1766:Wolfgang Kapp
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1741:
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1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1715:
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1650:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1599:Aegean Region
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:Palace Museum
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1470:situation in
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:. Because of
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:United States
1397:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1372:volcanic rock
1370:, as well as
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:Mount Kailash
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:Transhimalaya
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1233:commander, a
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1175:Bruno Baumann
1172:
1168:
1165:to cross the
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
939:
937:
932:
930:
926:
923:and over the
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
825:
822:
818:
814:
808:
806:
798:
794:
790:
788:
784:
781:
766:
764:
758:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
734:Bay and Lake
733:
732:RiddarfjÀrden
724:
719:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
692:
686:
684:
683:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:Transhimalaya
607:
602:
598:
594:
592:
588:
583:
579:
574:
572:
566:
564:
560:
556:
550:
548:
547:Allied powers
544:
543:German Empire
540:
536:
535:
530:
525:
518:
514:
512:
508:
506:
502:
500:
496:
494:
491:1910 by Pope
490:
488:
484:
482:
479:
475:
473:
469:
467:
463:
461:
457:
454:
450:
448:
444:
442:
439:1890 by Shah
438:
436:
433:1890 by King
432:
431:
430:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
366:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:Kyrgyz people
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:Transhimalaya
278:
274:
271:
267:
264:
260:
252:
244:
235:
230:
225:
219:
212:
205:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
169:
165:
161:
147:
143:
136:
131:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: â
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3974:
3930:
3852:
3830:
3818:. Retrieved
3812:
3788:
3766:. Retrieved
3762:
3753:
3741:. Retrieved
3737:
3727:
3711:
3707:
3697:23 September
3695:. Retrieved
3691:
3685:
3678:
3668:23 September
3666:. Retrieved
3662:
3656:
3649:
3639:
3627:. Retrieved
3623:the original
3613:
3604:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3568:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3522:. Retrieved
3512:
3505:
3497:
3488:. Retrieved
3478:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3436:
3424:. Retrieved
3417:the original
3401:
3394:
3385:
3354:
3347:
3338:
3328:
3319:
3312:. Retrieved
3306:
3299:
3290:
3283:. Retrieved
3277:
3270:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3228:the original
3219:
3216:"Sven Hedin"
3209:
3197:. Retrieved
3193:the original
3183:
3174:
3161:
3153:the original
3136:
3130:
3120:
3105:
3100:
3084:
3078:
3063:
3005:
2998:
2994:
2980:
2966:
2959:
2958:Alma Hedin:
2952:
2948:
2934:
2920:
2913:
2909:
2908:Willy Hess:
2903:Bibliography
2895:
2888:
2882:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2654:
2638:
2624:THROUGH ASIA
2608:. Retrieved
2602:
2593:
2589:
2588:Sven Hedin:
2582:
2573:
2572:Sven Hedin:
2563:
2562:Sven Hedin:
2553:
2552:Sven Hedin:
2546:
2542:
2541:Sven Hedin:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2369:
2364:
2361:
2340:
2336:
2321:
2314:
2308:Lystrosaurus
2306:
2298:
2294:
2293:; a spider,
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2255:
2224:
2206:(1935), and
2189:
2181:
2166:
2150:
2126:
2117:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2011:
2007:
1998:Walther Funk
1986:
1984:
1976:
1969:
1960:Adolf Hitler
1949:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1908:
1900:
1862:
1848:
1843:in Berlin's
1836:
1833:
1819:
1817:
1802:
1791:
1782:Adolf Hitler
1775:
1753:
1751:
1744:
1726:, which the
1722:
1713:
1706:
1697:Adolf Hitler
1693:
1673:
1669:
1649:Ma Zhongying
1642:
1630:
1603:
1578:
1544:
1530:
1516:
1484:
1453:
1404:Grand Canyon
1393:
1360:conglomerate
1345:
1302:
1290:
1251:
1212:
1187:Dandan Oilik
1184:
1180:
1171:Khotan River
1144:
1117:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1057:
1047:
1043:
977:
963:
945:
935:
933:
905:Tigris River
874:
843:
839:Robert Nobel
832:
815:sailed into
813:steamer Vega
810:
807:as follows:
804:
802:
777:
759:
752:
728:
703:
687:
680:
676:
672:
668:
662:
654:Soviet Union
650:Nazi Germany
643:
639:Adolf Hitler
631:
595:
575:
567:
551:
533:
529:Swedish Navy
526:
522:
517:Adolf Hitler
478:Panchen Lama
428:
408:
404:
387:Central Asia
384:
362:
352:
312:
308:
258:
257:
172:(1952-11-26)
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:"Sven Hedin"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4014:1952 deaths
4009:1865 births
3862:) (Swedish)
3835:Basic Books
3820:28 November
3793:Basic Books
3524:10 November
3490:10 November
3426:10 November
3420:(paperback)
3264:Kaidu River
3224:Kuusankoski
3222:. Finland:
2928:Biographies
2811:Nach Osten!
2610:28 November
2403:and in the
2385:, Stockholm
2301:; a fossil
2247:Grand Cross
2158:Riddarhuset
2133:Werl Prison
1911:located at
1778:Third Reich
1732:Karl Staaff
1721:HSwMS
1637:Kaidu River
1567:Tarim Basin
1555:Gobi Desert
1553:, over the
1504:geographers
1496:astronomers
1476:Gobi Desert
1468:prehistoric
1464:topographic
1446:to Moscow.
1341:Brahmaputra
1321:Tashilhunpo
1203:Kaidu River
1199:Lake Bosten
1178:travelers.
1136:Lake Bosten
1124:Tarim Basin
1002:via cities
622:Tarim Basin
561:aboard the
539:World War I
460:Lord Curzon
420:Aurel Stein
305:Tarim Basin
285:Brahmaputra
277:topographer
192:Nationality
99:August 2020
4003:Categories
3985:1913â1952
3314:18 January
3285:18 January
3045:References
2877:e) Fiction
2526:Literature
2438:, Beijing.
2200:Heidelberg
2162:Gamla Stan
1940:Scheimberg
1881:Henry Ford
1794:Nazi Party
1610:irrigation
1606:Kuomintang
1557:, through
1517:Hedin met
1512:zoologists
1436:Ulan-Bator
1028:Taklamakan
952:mineralogy
917:Kermanshah
740:LĂ„ngholmen
628:alongside.
505:Hindenburg
472:Lord Minto
466:Wilhelm II
424:Great Game
418:, and Sir
273:geographer
204:Vega Medal
153:1865-02-19
127:Sven Hedin
69:newspapers
3981:Seat No 6
3149:1061-1924
3094:601660137
2702:Jerusalem
2578:VOL. VIII
2347:Greenland
2345:in North
2303:Therapsid
2231:brilliant
2196:Cambridge
2015:Christian
1891:from the
1868:âčSee Tfdâș
1854:âčSee Tfdâș
1787:Communism
1661:Ma Hushan
1655:from the
1614:Silk Road
1593:; and to
1591:Antarctic
1571:manganese
1529:entitled
1500:botanists
1406:âand the
1364:limestone
1354:âsuch as
1268:, Delhi,
1243:Kharosthi
1191:Kara Dung
1155:Muztagata
1040:Issyk Kul
1016:Samarkand
1000:Silk Road
925:Black Sea
911:(then in
887:Range to
866:Mongolian
797:Stockholm
769:Biography
487:Mutsuhito
391:Turkestan
227:Signature
177:Stockholm
160:Stockholm
3895:LibriVox
3629:31 March
3518:Archived
3484:Archived
3013:See also
2558:Volume 4
2202:(1928),
2198:(1909),
2194:(1909),
1871:German:
1857:German:
1740:Gustaf V
1645:hijacked
1585:for his
1559:Xinjiang
1551:Mongolia
1480:Xinjiang
1472:Mongolia
1440:Ulan-Ude
1432:Mongolia
1430:through
1416:Xinjiang
1398:via the
1390:Mongolia
1350:. These
1325:Shigatse
1311:and the
1282:Calcutta
1151:Tashkent
1105:school.
1020:Tashkent
1008:Ashgabat
921:Caucasus
712:Xinjiang
624:and the
606:Himalaya
587:warlords
555:Mongolia
395:Xinjiang
359:Overview
335:and the
321:Caucasus
184:Language
179:, Sweden
162:, Sweden
3951:of the
3947:in the
3935:. 1920.
3884:at the
3768:25 July
3743:25 July
3657:Hedinia
2568:VOL. II
2531:Primary
2322:In the
2267:Hedinia
2249:of the
2204:Uppsala
1952:Agartha
1839:at the
1728:Liberal
1723:Sverige
1684:Lin Sen
1633:Lop Nur
1618:Kashgar
1589:to the
1523:Nanjing
1396:Beijing
1376:granite
1356:breccia
1293:yardang
1278:Benares
1274:Lucknow
1227:Lop Nur
1215:Yarkand
1036:Karakol
1024:Kashgar
1012:Bukhara
1004:Mashhad
956:zoology
942:Studies
909:Baghdad
901:Bushehr
893:Esfahan
870:Tibetan
858:Turkish
850:Persian
736:MĂ€laren
559:Siberia
534:Sverige
297:Lop Nur
270:Swedish
214:(1902)
195:Swedish
187:Swedish
83:scholar
3858:
3841:
3799:
3734:"Home"
3556:
3445:
3409:
3362:
3292:number
3199:8 June
3147:
3114:240272
3112:
3092:
3070:
2997:. In:
2973:
2941:
2327:church
2310:hedini
2208:Munich
2192:Oxford
2139:Awards
2019:Luther
1663:, and
1563:ĂrĂŒmqi
1547:Baotou
1474:, the
1428:Peking
1366:, and
1266:Lahore
1262:Ladakh
1247:Loulan
1239:arabas
1195:Khotan
1163:Merket
992:Elburz
897:Shiraz
889:Tehran
885:Alborz
862:Kyrgyz
744:stucco
704:hedini
702:being
671:. The
493:Pius X
414:, Sir
397:) and
380:Persia
325:Tehran
319:, the
317:Turkey
293:Sutlej
263:KNO1kl
221:(1903)
207:(1898)
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3260:Korla
3171:(PDF)
2566:1909
2262:Hedin
1680:Xi'an
1676:Hotan
1424:Dodge
1368:slate
1337:Indus
1309:Tibet
1260:, in
1254:Lhasa
1235:stupa
1223:Kaidu
1219:Tarim
1140:Tibet
1068:Halle
960:Latin
854:Tatar
846:Latin
537:. In
399:Tibet
393:(now
349:Japan
345:China
341:India
289:Indus
90:JSTOR
76:books
3856:ISBN
3839:ISBN
3822:2010
3797:ISBN
3770:2022
3745:2022
3699:2021
3670:2021
3631:2009
3554:ISBN
3526:2018
3492:2018
3443:ISBN
3428:2019
3407:ISBN
3360:ISBN
3316:2012
3287:2012
3262:and
3201:2009
3145:ISSN
3110:OCLC
3090:OCLC
3068:ISBN
2971:ISBN
2939:ISBN
2612:2010
2341:The
2285:and
1883:and
1510:and
1478:and
1466:and
1434:via
1374:and
1339:and
1331:and
1270:Agra
1221:and
1189:and
1149:and
1134:and
1046:and
1022:and
980:Shah
958:and
877:Iran
835:Baku
637:and
608:and
347:and
329:Iraq
291:and
167:Died
145:Born
62:news
3953:ZBW
3919:PDF
3893:at
3875:at
3321:and
3137:VII
2522:).
2241:by
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1678:to
1561:to
1549:to
1521:in
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1280:to
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266:RVO
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