1053:, called "of Périgord", obtained leave from King John II to endeavour to make peace. The prince was willing enough to come to terms, and offered to give up all the towns and castles he had conquered, to set free all his prisoners, and not to serve against the king of France for seven years, besides, it is said, offering a payment of a hundred thousand francs. King John, however, was persuaded to demand that the prince and a hundred of his knights should surrender themselves up as prisoners, and to this he would not consent. The cardinal's negotiations lasted the whole day, and were protracted in the interest of the French, for John II was anxious to give time for further reinforcements to join his army. Considering the position in which the prince then was, it seems probable that the French might have destroyed his little army simply by hemming it in with a portion of their host, and so either starving it or forcing it to leave its strong station and fight in the open with the certainty of defeat. John II made a fatal mistake in allowing the prince the respite of Sunday; for while the negotiations were going forward he employed his army in strengthening its position. The English front was well covered by vines and hedges; on its left and rear was the ravine of the Miausson and a good deal of broken ground, and its right was flanked by the wood and abbey of Nouaillé. All through the day the army was busily engaged in digging trenches and making fences, so that it stood, as at Crécy, in a kind of entrenched camp.
1474:, whom the prince had formerly taken prisoner at Poitiers, and whom he had released on d'Audrehem giving his word that he would not bear arms against the prince until his ransom was paid. When the prince saw him he reproached him bitterly, and called him "liar and traitor". D'Audrehem denied that he was either, and the prince asked him whether he would submit to the judgment of a body of knights. To this d'Audrehem agreed, and after he had dined the prince chose twelve knights, four English, four Gascons, and four Bretons, to judge between himself and the marshal. After he had stated his case, d'Audrehem replied that he had not broken his word, for the army the prince led was not his own; he was merely in the pay of Peter. The knights considered that this view of the prince's position was sound, and gave their verdict for d'Audrehem.
1525:
bring only two hundred lances. The lord of Albret was much incensed at this, and, though peace was made by his uncle the Count of
Armagnac, did not forget the offence, and Froissart speaks of it as the "first cause of hatred between him and the prince". A more powerful cause of this lord's discontent was the non-payment of an annual pension which had been granted him by Edward. About this time he agreed to marry Margaret of Bourbon, sister of the queen of France. The Black Prince was annoyed at this betrothal, and, his temper probably being soured by sickness and disappointment, behaved with rudeness to both D'Albret and his intended bride. On the other hand, Charles offered the lord the pension which he had lost, and thus drew him and his uncle, the Count of Armagnac, altogether over to the French side.
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army which followed were thrown into disorder; then the
English force in ambush charged the second division on the flank, and as it began to waver the English men-at-arms mounted their horses, which they had kept near them, and charged down the hill. The prince kept Chandos by his side, and his friend did him good service in the fray. As they prepared to charge he cried: "John, get forward; you shall not see me turn my back this day, but I will be ever with the foremost", and then he shouted to his banner-bearer, "Banner, advance, in the name of God and St. George!". All the French except the advance guard fought on foot, and the division of the Duke of Normandy, already wavering, could not stand against the English charge and fled in disorder. The next division, under
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952:
replied that he could do nothing without knowing his father's will. From
Narbonne he turned to march back to Bordeaux. The Count of Armagnac tried to intercept him, but a small body of French having been defeated in a skirmish near Toulouse the rest of the army retreated into the city, and the prince returned in peace to Bordeaux, bringing back with him enormous spoils. The expedition lasted eight weeks, during which the prince only rested eleven days in all the places he visited, and without performing any feat of arms did the French king much mischief. During the next month, before 21 January 1356, the leaders under his command reduced five towns and seventeen castles.
1903:
1373:
1822:
2950:, and is on her effigy on her tomb. The feather badge occurs as two feathers on four seals of the prince , and as three feathers on the alternate escutcheons placed on his tomb in accordance with the directions of his will The prince in his will says that the feathers were "for peace", ie for jousts and tournaments, and calls them his badge, not his crest. Although the ostrich feather was his special badge, it was placed on some plate belonging to his mother, was used in the form of one or more feathers by various members of the royal house, and (by grant of Richard II), by
1934:
1674:; but contrary winds meant that the fleet never reached the French coast. On 6 October he resigned the principality of Aquitaine and Gascony, giving as his reason that its revenues were no longer sufficient to cover expenses, and acknowledging his resignation in Parliament of the next month. At the conclusion of this parliament, after the knights had been dismissed, he met the citizens and burgesses "in a room near the white chamber", and prevailed on them to extend the customs granted the year before for the protection of merchant shipping for another year.
1715:
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1662:, in 1371, caused Edward a great deal of grief. His health continued to deteriorate and the prince's personal doctor advised him to return to England. Edward left Aquitaine with the Duke of Lancaster, and landed at Southampton early in January 1371. Edward met his father at Windsor. At this meeting, Prince Edward interceded to stop a treaty Edward III had made the previous month with Charles of Navarre because he did not agree to the ceding of lands King Charles demanded in it. After this, the Black Prince returned to his manor in Berkhamsted.
1775:
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1034:, and on the next day, Saturday, as he was marching towards Poitiers, some French men-at-arms skirmished with his advance guard, pursued them up to the main body of his army, and were all slain or taken prisoners. The French king had outstripped him, and his retreat was cut off by an army at least fifty thousand strong, while he had not, it is said, more than about two thousand men-at-arms, four thousand archers, and fifteen hundred light foot. Lancaster had endeavoured to come to his relief, but had been stopped by the French at
8388:
1200:
66:
614:
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Gascon lords were unwilling that King John II should be carried off to
England, and the prince gave them a hundred thousand crowns to silence their murmurs. He left the country under the government of four Gascon lords and arrived in England on 4 May, after a voyage of eleven days, landing at Plymouth. When he entered London in triumph on 24 May, King John II, his prisoner, rode a fine white charger, while he was mounted on a little black
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1268:, at Angoulême, and held a tournament there. At the same time he and his lords excused themselves from assuming the cross. During the summer the lord of Albret was at Paris, and his forces and several other Gascon lords held the French cause in Normandy against the party of Navarre. Meanwhile, war was renewed in Brittany; the prince allowed Chandos to raise and lead a force to succour the party of Montfort, and Chandos won the
1521:. As they had not received the whole of the money the prince had agreed to pay them, they took up their quarters in his country and began to do much mischief. He persuaded the captains to leave Aquitaine, and the companies under their command crossed the Loire and did much damage to France. This greatly angered Charles V, who about this time did the prince serious mischief by encouraging disaffection among the Gascon lords.
1637:(1889), relying on Froissart as a source, wrote that when the bishop (who was the most responsible for the surrender) was brought before the Prince, the Prince told him that his head should be cut off (Lancaster persuaded him not to carry out the deed), but that the city was nevertheless pillaged and burnt, and that 3,000 persons of all ranks and ages were massacred. However, modern scholarship, including the historian
961:
1073:, also fled, though not so shamefully, but the rear, under King John II in person, fought with much gallantry. The prince, "who had the courage of a lion, took great delight that day in the fight". The combat lasted until a little after 3 pm, and the French, who were utterly defeated, left eleven thousand dead on the field, of whom 2,426 were men of gentle birth. Nearly a hundred counts, barons, and
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hostages for the fulfilment of these terms, and further agreed that whenever the king, the prince, or their heirs, the king of
England, should march in person against the Moors, they should have the command of the vanguard before all other Christian kings, and that if they were not present the banner of the king of England should be carried in the vanguard side by side with the banner of Castile.
1242:, and provided the knights of his household with profitable offices. They kept much state, and their extravagance displeased the people. Many of the Gascon lords were dissatisfied at being handed over to the dominion of the English, and the favour the prince showed to his own countrymen, and the ostentatious magnificence they exhibited, increased this feeling of dissatisfaction.
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surrender. The place was defended by
Boucicault and other leaders, and on their refusing his summons he assaulted it on 31 August. The siege lasted three days, and the prince, who was enraged at the death of one of his friends, declared that he would not leave the place untaken. Finally he set fire to the roofs of the fortress by using Greek fire, reduced it on 3 September.
1489:. By this time, the prince began to suspect his ally of treachery. Peter had no intention of paying his debts, and when the prince demanded possession of Biscay told him that the Biscayans would not consent to be handed over to him. To get rid of his creditor Peter told him that he could not get money at Burgos, and persuaded the prince to take up his quarters at
2966:", which are both appended as signature to a letter under his privy seal. In his will he directed that "Houmout" should be written on each of the escutcheons round his tomb. But it actually occurs only over the escutcheons bearing his arms, while over the alternate escutcheons with his badge, and also on the escroll upon the quill of each feather, are the words
698:, and other leaders, and at the head of eight hundred men-at-arms, two thousand archers, and a thousand Welsh foot, though the numbers are by no means trustworthy. When the Genoese bowmen were discomfited and the front line of the French was in some disorder, the prince appears to have left his position to attack their second line. At this moment, however, the
1089:. Judged by modern ideas the prince's show of humility appears affected, and the Florentine chronicler remarks that the honour done to King John II must have increased the misery of the captive and magnified the glory of King Edward; but this comment argues a refinement of feeling which neither Englishmen nor Frenchmen of that day had probably attained.
925:. The country was "very rich and fertile" according to the Black Prince, and the people "good, simple, and ignorant of war", so the prince took great spoil, especially of carpets, draperies, and jewels, for "the robbers" spared nothing, and the Gascons who marched with him were especially greedy. The only castle to resist the English forces was
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as the mayor and the prince as the senior sheriff. Festivities of this sort and the lavish gifts he bestowed on his friends brought him into debt, and on 27 August, when a new expedition into France was being prepared, the king granted that if he fell his executors should have his whole estate for four years for the payment of his debts.
508:. The marriage between his mother and father was arranged by his grandmother, Isabella of France, to get financial and military aid from the Count of Hainault for her own benefit to depose her husband, Edward II. The marriage of Edward III and Phillippa of Hainault produced thirteen children; Edward was the eldest child and eldest son.
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In front of his first line and on either side of the narrow lane that led to his position the prince stationed his archers, who were well protected by hedges, and posted a kind of ambush of three hundred men-at-arms and three hundred mounted archers, who were to fall on the flank of the second battle of the enemy, commanded by the
2938:", Although the reference and remark in Sloane MS. 56 may be by Seton and not by Arderne, the prince's physician, it is evident that probably before the prince's death the ostrich feather was recognised as his peculiar badge, assumed after the battle of Crécy. While the crest of John of Bohemia was the entire wings of a vulture "
1438:, so that the two armies were now near each other. Letters passed between Henry and the prince, for Henry seems to have been anxious to make terms. He declared that Peter was a tyrant, and had shed much innocent blood, to which the prince replied that the king had told him that all the persons he had slain were traitors.
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took place, though war was not yet declared. His health was now so feeble that he could not take part in active operations, for he was swollen with dropsy and could not ride. By 18 March 1369 more than nine hundred towns, castles, and other places signified in one way or another their adherence to the French cause.
532:, and in the parliament of 9 February 1337, he was created Duke of Cornwall and received the duchy by charter dated 17 March. This is the earliest instance of the creation of a duke in England. By the terms of the charter the duchy was to be held by him and the eldest sons of kings of England. His tutor was Dr.
1002:. There he learnt that it would be impossible for him to cross the Loire or to form a junction with Lancaster, who was then in Brittany. Accordingly he determined to return to Bordeaux by way of Poitiers, and after putting to death most of the garrison of the castle of Vierzon set out on 29 August towards
1250:, though he visited the prince on his first arrival, was thoroughly French at heart, and gave some trouble in 1365 by refusing to do homage for Bearn. Charles V, who succeeded to the throne of France in April 1364, was careful to encourage the malcontents, and the prince's position was by no means easy.
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When Prince Edward heard of the surrender of
Limoges to the French, he swore "by the soul of his father" that he would have the place again and would make the inhabitants pay dearly for their treachery. He set out from Cognac with an army of about 4,000 men. Due to his sickness he was unable to mount
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Many of the prince's lords, both
English and Gascon, were unwilling that he should espouse Peter's cause, but he declared that it was not fitting that a bastard should inherit a kingdom, or drive out his lawfully born brother, and that no king or king's son ought to suffer such disrespect to royalty;
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After his return to
England Prince Edward took part in the many festivals and tournaments of his father's court, and in May 1359 he and the king and other challengers held the lists at a joust proclaimed at London by the mayor and sheriffs, and, to the great delight of the citizens, the king appeared
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Charles took advantage of these appeals, and on 25 January 1369 sent messengers to Prince Edward, who was then residing at
Bordeaux, summoning him to appear in person before him in Paris and there receive judgment. He replied: "We will willingly attend at Paris on the day appointed since the king of
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Prince Edward remained at Valladolid during some very hot weather, waiting in vain for his money. His army suffered so terribly from dysentery and other diseases that it is said that scarcely one Englishman out of five ever saw England again. He was himself seized with a sickness from which he never
1056:
Prince Edward drew up his men in three divisions, the first being commanded by the earls of Warwick and Suffolk, the second by himself, and the rear by Salisbury and Oxford. The French were drawn up in four divisions, one behind the other, and so lost much of the advantage of their superior numbers.
2716:, in that a tradition may have grown up in the 15th century of representing the prince in black armour. He points out that several chronicles refer to him as Edward IV (the title he would have taken as king had he outlived his father): this name would obviously have become confusing when the actual
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began, the prince prayed aloud to God that as he had come that day to uphold the right and reinstate a disinherited king, God would grant him success. Then, after telling Peter that he should know that day whether he should have his kingdom or not, he cried: "Advance, banner, in the name of God and
1441:
On the morning of 3 April, the prince's army marched from Navarrete, and all dismounted while they were yet some distance from Henry's army. The vanguard, in which were three thousand men-at-arms, both English and Bretons, was led by Lancaster, Chandos, Calveley, and Clisson; the right division was
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the Gascon lords received him with much rejoicing. It was decided to make a short campaign before the winter, and on 10 October he set out with fifteen hundred lances, two thousand archers, and three thousand light foot. Whatever scheme of operations the King may have formed during the summer, this
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for a subsidy to help him against the Florentines. The bishops, after hearing the pope's letter, which asserted his right as lord spiritual, and, by the grant of John, lord in chief, of the kingdom, declared that "he was lord of all". The cause of the crown, however, was vigorously maintained, and
1563:
Prince Edward caused the messengers to be imprisoned, and in revenge for this the Counts of Périgord and Comminges and other lords set on Sir Thomas Wake, the high-steward of Rouergue, slew many of his men, and put him to flight. The prince sent for Chandos, who came to his help, and some fighting
1337:
The prince received a hundred thousand francs from his father out of the ransom of John II, the late king of France, and broke up his plate to help to pay the soldiers he was taking into his pay. While his army was assembling he remained at Angoulême, and was there visited by Peter. He then stayed
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Peter won friends by declaring that he would make Edward's son king of Galicia, and would divide his riches among those who helped him. A parliament was held at Bordeaux, in which it was decided to ask the wishes of the English king. Edward replied that it was right that his son should help Peter,
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On 19 July 1362 his father, Edward III granted Prince Edward all his dominions in Aquitaine and Gascony, to be held as a principality by liege homage on payment of an ounce of gold each year, together with the title of Prince of Aquitaine and Gascony. During the rest of the year he was occupied in
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At Bordeaux, which Prince Edward reached on 2 October, he was received with much rejoicing, and he and his men tarried there through the winter and wasted in festivities the immense spoil they had gathered. On 23 March 1357 the prince concluded a two years' truce, for he wished to return home. The
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When King John II was brought to him, the prince received him with respect, helped him to take off his armour, and entertained him and the greater part of the princes and barons who had been made prisoners at supper. He served at the king's table and would not sit down with him, declaring that "he
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and, in company with many nobles, to have conducted them to King Edward. On 11 July 1338 his father, who was on the point of leaving England for Flanders, appointed him guardian of the kingdom during his absence, and he was appointed to the same office on 27 May 1340 and 6 October 1342; he was, of
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The History of that Most Victorious Monarch, Edward IIId, King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, and First Founder of the Most Noble Order of the Garter: Being a Full and Exact Account Of the Life and Death of the said King: Together with That of his Most Renowned Son, Edward, Prince of
1383:
When Calveley and other English and Gascon leaders of free companies found that Prince Edward was about to fight for Peter, they withdrew from the service of Henry of Trastámara, and joined Prince Edward "because he was their natural lord". While the prince was at Pamplona he received a letter of
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At daybreak on 19 September Prince Edward addressed his little army, and the fight began. An attempt was made by three hundred picked men-at-arms to ride through the narrow lane and force the English position, but they were shot down by the archers. A body of Germans and the first division of the
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On 6 July 1356 Prince Edward set out on another expedition, undertaken with the intention of passing through France to Normandy, and there giving aid to his father's Norman allies, the party headed by the king of Navarre and Geoffrey d'Harcourt. In Normandy he expected to be met by his father, He
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bought off his army. He plundered Narbonne and thought of attacking the citadel, for he heard that there was much booty there, but gave up the idea on finding that it was well defended. While he was there a messenger came to him from the papal court, urging him to allow negotiations for peace. He
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put an end to this project. Both in September and in the following April the prince was called on to furnish troops from his principality and earldom for the impending campaign in France, and as he incurred heavy debts in the king's service, his father authorised him to make his will and provided
1524:
When the prince had been gathering his army for his Spanish expedition, the lord of Albret had agreed to serve with a thousand lances. Considering, however, that he had at least as many men as he could find provisions for, the prince on 8 December 1366 had written to him requesting that he would
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the English vanguard, but the wings of Henry's army failed to move, so that the Gascon lords were able to attack the main body on the flanks. Then the prince brought the main body of his army into action, and the fighting became intense, for he had under him "the flower of chivalry, and the most
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as pledges for the repayment of this debt, to pay 550,000 florins for six months' wages at specified dates, 250,000 florins being the prince's wages, and 800,000 florins the wages of the lords who were to serve in the expedition. He consented to leave his three daughters in the prince's hands as
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had become so violent on occasion, causing him to faint from weakness, that his household believed he had died. He left gifts for his servants in his will and said goodbye to his father, Edward III, whom he asked to confirm his gifts, pay his debts quickly out of his estate, and protect his son
1508:
for a passage for his troops. Peter IV made a treaty with him, and when Charles of Navarre heard of it he agreed to allow the prince, the Duke of Lancaster, and some of their lords to pass through his country; so they returned through Roncesvalles, and reached Bordeaux early in September 1367.
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in the last days of 1349, came to the rescue of his father, and when the combat was over and the king and his prisoners sat down to feast, he and the other English knights served the king and his guests at the first course and then sat down for the second course at another table. When the king
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The two front lines of their army were utterly broken before King Philip's division engaged. Then Edward appears to have advanced at the head of the reserve, and the rout soon became complete. When Edward met his son after the battle was over, he embraced him and declared that he had acquitted
1275:
As the leaders of the free companies which desolated France were for the most part Englishmen or Gascons, they did not ravage Aquitaine, and the prince was suspected, probably not without cause, of encouraging, or at least of taking no pains to discourage, their proceedings. Accordingly on 14
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in Brittany. The prince's expedition was made in accordance with the request of some of the Gascon lords who were anxious for plunder. On 10 July the king appointed him his lieutenant in Gascony, and gave him powers to act in his stead, and, on 4 August, to receive homages. He left London for
1567:
Prince Edward had already warned his father of the intentions of the French king, but there was evidently a party at Edward's court that was jealous of his power, and his warnings were slighted. In April 1369, however, war was declared. Edward sent the Earls of Cambridge and Pembroke to his
1009:
Some French knights who skirmished with the English advanced guard retreated into Romorantin, and when Prince Edward heard of this he said: "Let us go there; I should like to see them a little nearer". He inspected the fortress in person and sent his friend Chandos to summon the garrison to
5962:"Observations on the Heraldic Devices discovered on the Effigies of Richard the Second and his Queen in Westminster Abbey, and upon the Mode in which those Ornaments were executed; including some Remarks on the surname Plantagenet, and on the Ostrich Feathers of the Prince of Wales"
1624:, the prince was determined to take the town and ordered the undermining of its walls. On 19 September, his miners succeeded in demolishing a large piece of wall which filled the ditches with its ruins. The town was then stormed, with the inevitable destruction and loss of life.
540:. His revenues were placed at the disposal of his mother in March 1334 for the expenses she incurred in bringing up him and his two sisters, Isabella and Joan. Rumours of an impending French invasion led the king in August 1335 to order that he and his household should remove to
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was not worthy to sit at table with so great a king or so valiant a man", and speaking many comfortable words to him, for which the French praised him highly. The next day the Black Prince continued his retreat on Bordeaux; he marched warily, but no one ventured to attack him.
1706:, the king's financial agent, who was impeached for gigantic frauds, sent him a bribe of £1,000 and other gifts, but he refused to receive it, though he afterwards said that it was a pity he had not kept it, and sent it to pay the soldiers who were fighting for the kingdom.
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assistance, and Sir Robert Knolles, who now again took service with him, added much to his strength. The war in Aquitaine was desultory and, though the English maintained their ground fairly in the field, every day that it was prolonged weakened their hold on the country.
1160:, and in right of his wife Earl of Kent, then in her thirty-third year, and the mother of three children. As the prince and the countess were related in the third degree, and also by the spiritual tie of sponsorship, the prince being godfather to Joan's elder son
1771: – his surcoat, helmet, shield and gauntlets – hung over the tester; they have been replaced with replicas, and the originals now reside in a glass-fronted cabinet within the Cathedral. His epitaph inscribed around his effigy reads:
1571:
On 1 January 1370, Prince Edward sustained a heavy loss in the death of his friend Chandos. Several efforts were made by Edward to conciliate the Gascon lords, but they were fruitless and can only have served to weaken the prince's authority. It is probable that
1317:
and the prince held another parliament at which the king's letter was read. Then the lords agreed to give their help, provided that their pay was secured to them. To give them the required security, the prince agreed to lend Peter whatever money was necessary.
1324:
at Bayonne, and agreed with him to allow their troops to pass through his dominions. To persuade him to do this, Peter had, besides other grants, to pay him 56,000 florins, and this sum was lent him by the prince. On 23 September a series of agreements (the
767:
and burned the country for 30 miles (48 km) around, and brought much booty back with him. He returned to England with his father on 12 October 1347, took part in the jousts and other festivities of the court, and was invested by the king with the new
1600:, where he was joined by the Barons of Poitou and Saintonge, and the Earls of Cambridge, Lancaster, and Pembroke. The two French armies gained many cities, united and laid siege to Limoges, which was treacherously surrendered to them by the bishop,
1114:, and the preliminary truce arranged at Chartres on 7 May 1360 was drawn up by proctors acting in his name and the name of Charles, Duke of Normandy, the regent of France. He probably did not return to England until after his father, who landed at
1029:
Meanwhile, the prince was marching almost parallel to the French and at only a few miles distance from them. It is impossible to believe Froissart's statement that he was ignorant of the movements of the French. From 14 to 16 September he was at
1118:
on 18 May. On 9 July he and Henry, Duke of Lancaster, landed at Calais in attendance on the French king. As, however, the stipulated instalment of the king's ransom was not ready, he returned to England, leaving King John in the charge of Sir
2597:
in the 1530s or early 1540s (about 165 years after Edward's death). Leland mentions it in two manuscript notes of this period, with the implication that it was in relatively widespread use by that date. In one instance, he refers in Latin to
1556:, and the lord of Albret laid their complaints before the king of France, declaring that he was their lord paramount. Meanwhile, the prince's friend Chandos, who strongly urged him against imposing this tax, had retired to his Norman estate.
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to flee from his kingdom, and in setting up his bastard brother, Henry of Trastámara, as king in his stead. Peter, who was in alliance with Edward III, sent messengers to Prince Edward asking his help, and on receiving a gracious answer at
1231:; he then rode to various cities and at last came to Bordeaux, where from 9 to 30 July he received the homage of the lords of Gascony. He received all graciously, and kept a splendid court, residing sometimes at Bordeaux and sometimes at
1466:
When the battle was over the prince asked Peter to spare the lives of those who had offended him. Peter assented, with the exception of one notorious traitor, whom he at once put to death; and he also had two others slain the next day.
985:
on 4 August, and rode through Auvergne, Limousin, and Berry, plundering and burning as he went until he came to Bourges, where he burnt the suburbs but failed to take the city. He then turned westward and made an unsuccessful attack on
2727:
refers to Edward as the greatest of the "black boars" – those aggressors who had done so much to disrupt relations within Christendom. Other French writers made similar associations, and Peter Hoskins reports that an oral tradition of
1665:
On his return to England, the prince was probably at once recognised as the natural opponent of the influence exercised by the anti-clerical and Lancastrian party, and it is evident that the clergy trusted him; for on 2 May he met the
1528:
The immense cost of the late campaign and his constant extravagance had brought the prince into financial difficulties, and as soon as he returned to Bordeaux he called an assembly of the estates of Aquitaine (Parliament) to meet at
833:
to protect the justices, who were holding an assize there. The men of the earldom offered to pay him a heavy fine to bring the assize to an end, but when they thought they had arranged matters the justices opened an inquisition of
2890:
It is widely believed that he contracted amoebic dysentery but some argue against the likelihood that he could sustain a ten-year battle with dysentery. Other possible diagnoses include nephritis, cirrhosis or a combination of
1427:. During these movements the prince's army had suffered from want of provisions both for men and horses, and from wet and windy weather. At Logroño, however, though provisions were still scarce, they were somewhat better off.
469:. His mother was Queen Philippa of Hainault, daughter of the Count of Hainault, who married Edward III when his mother, Queen Isabella, arranged the marriage between them. His father on 10 September 1330 allowed five hundred
3029:"This story, told at length by the continuator of the 'Eulogium,' presents some difficulties, and the Pope's pretension to sovereignty and the answer that was decided on read like echoes of the similar incidents in 1366" (
456:
in the County of Oxfordshire, on 15 June 1330. His father, Edward III, had been in conflict with the French over English lands in France and also the kingship of France; Edward III's mother and the Prince's grandmother,
1485:. Peter did not pay him any of the money he owed him, and the prince could get nothing from him except a solemn renewal of his bond of the previous 23 September, which he made on 2 May 1367 before the high altar of the
1329:) were entered into between the prince, Peter, and Charles of Navarre, at Libourne, on the Dordogne, by which Peter covenanted to put the prince in possession of the province of Biscay and the territory and fortress of
1548:, at which he persuaded the barons of Poitou, Saintonge, Limousin, and Rouergue to agree to this tax, but the great vassals of the high marches refused, and on 20 June and again on 25 October the Counts of Armagnac,
1123:
and three other knights. He accompanied his father to Calais on 9 October to assist at the liberation of King John and the ratification of the treaty. He rode with John to Boulogne, where he made his offering in the
1349:, where he remained three days, and received a reinforcement of four hundred men-at-arms and four hundred archers sent out by his father under his brother John, duke of Lancaster. From Dax the prince advanced via
419:
Prince Edward returned to England in 1371, and the next year resigned the principality of Aquitaine and Gascony. He led the Commons in their attack upon the Lancastrian administration in 1376. He died in 1376 of
516:, recapturing English lands such as Berwick-Upon-Tweed. Edward III took his grandfather's military strategies and tactics against the Scots to avenge the humiliating defeat of the English under Edward II at the
2760:(i.e. 1378–9); but his reference is insufficiently precise to be traceable. However, it is unclear how a French sobriquet might have crossed to England, and Barber finds this derivation of the name "unlikely".
1701:
in opposing the influence of Lancaster and the disreputable clique of courtiers who upheld it, and he had good cause to fear that his brother's power would prove dangerous to the prospects of his son Richard.
1576:
was working against him at the English court, and when he was sent out in the summer to help his elder brother, he came with such extensive powers that he almost seemed as though he had come to supersede him.
524:
in 1333, killing many Scottish nobles and routing the entire Scottish army. Edward III was able to recover the country politically and militarily, and was welcomed as a "great champion of the English nation".
511:
His father had begun a war with Scotland to regain lost territories which were captured by the Scots during the reign of Edward II and began the military operations undertaken by Edward III's grandfather,
1013:
On 5 September the English proceeded to march through Berry. On 9 September King John II, who had now gathered a large force, crossed the Loire at Blois and went in pursuit of them. When the king was at
404:. However, after a wait of several months, during which he failed to obtain either the province of Biscay or liquidation of the debt from Don Pedro, he returned to Aquitaine. Prince Edward persuaded the
2958:
In his first edition (1605) he states that it was "at the battle of Poictiers", but corrects this in his next edition (1614), Secondly, as to the motto, it appears that the prince used two mottoes, "
702:
charged his division with such fury that he was in great danger, and the leaders who commanded with him sent a messenger to tell his father that he was in great straits and to beg for assistance.
1650:
The prince returned to Cognac; his sickness increased and he was forced to give up all hope of being able to direct any further operations and to proceed first to Angoulème and then to Bordeaux.
809:, came to his rescue and attacked the Spaniard on the other side; she was soon taken, her crew were thrown into the sea, and as the Prince and his men got on board her their own ship foundered.
5029:
1253:
In April 1363 the prince mediated between the Counts of Foix and Armagnac, who had for a long time been at war with each other. He also attempted in the following February to mediate between
465:, thus placing her son in line for the throne of France. England and France's relations quickly deteriorated when the French king threatened to confiscate his lands in France, beginning the
805:
his ship was grappled by a large Spanish ship and was so full of leaks that it was likely to sink, and though he and his knights attacked the enemy manfully, they were unable to take her.
838:, took a large sum of money from them, and seized many houses and much land into the prince's, their earl's, hands. On his return from Chester the prince is said to have passed by the
1077:
and two thousand men-at-arms, besides many others, were made prisoners, and the king and his youngest son, Philip, were among those who were taken. The English losses were not large.
846:, had built there, and to have granted five hundred marks, a tenth of the sum he had taken from his earldom, towards its completion; the abbey was almost certainly not Dieulacres but
2936:
Et nota quod talem pennam albam portabat Edwardus, primogenitus E. regis Angliæ, super cristam suam, et illam pennam conquisivit de Rege Boemiæ, quem interfecit apud Cresy in francia
1533:
to obtain a grant from them. It seems as though no business was done then, for in January 1368 he held a meeting of the estates at Angoulême, and there persuaded them to allow him a
1041:
When Prince Edward knew that the French army lay between him and Poitiers, he took up his position on some rising ground to the south-east of the city, between the right bank of the
872:
Plymouth on 30 June, was detained there by contrary winds, and set sail on 8 September with about three hundred ships, in company with four earls (Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick,
1748:, who urged him to ask forgiveness of God and of all those he had injured. He "made a very noble end, remembering God his Creator in his heart", and asked people to pray for him.
2984:", that is "I serve", and that the prince "adjoyned" the motto to the feathers, and he connects it, no doubt rightly, with the prince's position as heir, referring to Ep. to
473:
a year from the profits of the county of Chester for his maintenance; on 25 February 1331, the whole of these profits were assigned to the queen for maintaining him and the
5102:
The history of that most victorius monarch, Edward IIId, ... together with that of his most renowned son, Edward, Prince of Wales and of Aquitain, sirnamed the Black-Prince
2744:, who wrote that he was named "from his dreaded acts and not from his complexion". Joshua Barnes claimed in 1688 that it was from the time of the Battle of Crécy that "the
1497:
thoroughly recovered, and which some said was caused by poison. Food and drink were scarce, and the free companies in his pay did much mischief to the surrounding country.
6302:
1446:, and the Count of Foix; and the rear or main battle by the prince, with three thousand lances, and with the prince was Peter and, a little on his right, the dethroned
709:" (he was in fact already a knight), and to allow him and those who had charge of him the honour of the victory. The prince was thrown to the ground and was rescued by
1697:" met on 28 April 1376 he was looked upon as the chief support of the commons in their attack on the abuses of the administration, and evidently acted in concert with
2980:" with John of Bohemia. Like "Houmout", it is probably old Flemish or Low German. Camden in his 'Remaines' (in the passage cited above) says that it is old English, "
1690:, spoke sharply to him, and at last told him that he was an ass. The bishops gave way, and it was declared that John had no power to bring the realm into subjection.
1670:
at the Savoy, and persuaded them to make an exceptionally large grant. His health now began to improve, and in August 1372 he sailed with his father to the relief of
1227:
At La Rochelle the prince was met by John Chandos, the king's lieutenant, and proceeded with him to Poitiers, where he received the homage of the lords of Poitou and
5584:
5153:
Chronicles of England, France and Spain and the Surrounding Countries, Translated from the French Editions with Variations and Additions from Many Celebrated MSS
564:
to his cause, the king in 1339 proposed a marriage between the young Duke of Cornwall and John's daughter Margaret, and in the spring of 1345 wrote urgently to
2632:(1569), uses the name on three occasions, saying that "some writers name him the black prince", and elsewhere that he was "commonly called the black Prince".
5118:
5834:
A history of the life of Edward the Black Prince, and of various events connected therwith, which occurred during the reign of Edward III, King of England
2723:
Edward's reputation for brutality in France is also well documented, and it is possible that this is where the title had its origins. The French soldier
705:
When Edward learned that his son was not wounded, he responded that he would send no help, for he wished to give the prince the opportunity to "win his
2606:: The Black"); in the other, in English to "the Blake Prince". In both instances, Leland is summarising earlier works – respectively, the 14th-century
484:
His father was Edward III of England, who became king at the young age of fourteen years in 1327, when his father (and the Black Prince's grandfather)
5431:
1982:, born at Angoulême on 27 January 1365, died immediately before his father's return to England in January 1371, and was buried in the church of the
6668:
998:, and was sending troops to the fortresses that seemed in danger of attack. From Issoudun the prince returned to his former line of march and took
5613:
The Life and Campaigns of the Black Prince: from contemporary letters, diaries and chronicles, including Chandos Herald's Life of the Black Prince
4041:
8505:
7835:
2670:
The origins of the name are uncertain, though many theories have been proposed, falling under two main themes, that it is derived from Edward's:
1647:
and drawing on a wider range of evidence, places casualties much lower than Froissart did – around 300 garrison soldiers and civilians in total.
1504:
and wasted the country. Fearing that Charles of Navarre would not allow him to return through his dominions, the prince negotiated with the King
6471:
5908:
2797:
1220:, took leave of his father and mother, and in the following February sailed with his wife, Joan, and all his household for Gascony, landing at
1482:
8525:
752:
himself loyally, and the prince bowed low and did reverence to his father. The next day he joined the king in paying funeral honours to King
652:. Then he "made a right good beginning", for he rode through the Cotentin, burning and ravaging as he went, and distinguished himself at the
8535:
8083:
5509:"Campagne du prince de Galles dans le Languedoc, l'Aquitaine et la France, terminée par la bataille de Poitiers et la captivité du roi Jean"
6203:
Eulogium (historiarum sive temporis): Chronicon ab orbe condito usque ad annum Domini M.CCC.LXCI., a monacho quodam Malmesburiensi exaratum
1050:
6040:
Pepin, Guilhem (2006), "Towards a new assessment of the Black Prince's principality of Aquitaine: a study of the last years (1369–1372)",
5534:"Extraits de quatre notices sur les batailles de Voulon, Poitiers, Maupertuis et Moncontour: § III: Bataille de Maupertuis ou de Poitiers"
1596:, and both were to unite and besiege the prince in Angoulême. Ill as he was, the prince left his bed of sickness, and gathered an army at
8530:
8170:
2740:
reported in 1611 that the Black Prince was so named "not of his colour, but of his dreaded Acts in battell"; a comment echoed in 1642 by
1517:
Some time after he had returned to Aquitaine the free companies, some six thousand strong, also reached Aquitaine, having passed through
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6307:
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8455:
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John of Gaunt: King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Seneschal of England
1049:, for the name Maupertuis has long gone out of use, and remained there that night. The next day, Sunday, 18 September, the cardinal,
880:, and John Vere, Earl of Oxford), and in command of a thousand men-at-arms, two thousand archers, and a large body of Welsh foot. At
877:
683:
271:, the first English dukedom, in 1337. He was guardian of the kingdom in his father's absence in 1338, 1340, and 1342. He was created
2930:, written by William Seton, is an ostrich feather used as a mark of reference to a previous page, on which the same device occurs, "
500:
due to his ineffectiveness and weakness to assert his control over the government and his failed wars against Scotland. His mother,
8475:
8450:
2821:
2704:(without citing a source) refers to "some rather shadowy evidence that he was described in French as clad at the battle of Crécy '
1481:, where they celebrated Easter. The prince, however, did not take up his quarters in the city, but camped outside the walls at the
806:
575:
in a parliament held at Westminster, investing him with a circlet, gold ring, and silver rod. The prince accompanied his father to
7104:
6940:
2818:(1906–74), an Italian Navy commander also known as the Black Prince due to his aristocratic connections and adherence to fascism.
1643:
1183:
the contract of marriage (the engagement) was entered into without the knowledge of the king. The prince and his wife resided at
1191:
from 1343; though local history describes the estate as "his palace", many sources suggest it was used more as a hunting lodge.
717:, who threw down the banner, stood over his body, and beat back his assailants while he regained his feet. Harcourt now sent to
314:
298:
8515:
8435:
8222:
7594:
7396:
7303:
3075:
The shield of Edward the Black Prince: Quarterly, 1 and 4 France (ancient); 2 and 3 England, and a label of three points argent
2951:
873:
718:
1891:). This shield can be seen several times on his tomb chest, alternating with the differenced royal arms. His younger brother,
721:
for help, and he forced back the French, who had probably by this time advanced to the rising ground of the English position.
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1961:
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course, too young to take any save a nominal part in the administration, which was carried on by the council. To attach Duke
1763:
were conducted in accordance to the directions contained in his will. It has a bronze effigy beneath a tester depicting the
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1969:
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2011:
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1703:
1125:
909:, and a considerable force. The count refused to allow the garrison to make a sally, and the prince passed on into the
393:
5847:– eulogistic and wordy, but useful; in the edition of 1836 James defends his work from the strictures of the Athenæum;
1442:
commanded by Armagnac and other Gascon lords; the left, in which some German mercenaries marched with the Gascons, by
8230:
8042:
7910:
7190:
6321:
2031:
867:
while he, as his plan was, acted with the king of Navarre in Normandy, and the Duke of Lancaster upheld the cause of
31:
736:, but the English were strongly entrenched there, and the French were unable to penetrate the defences and lost the
8420:
8286:
7654:
7008:
6619:
5589:
5038:
4460:
2017:
2003:
1996:
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1681:, 20 May 1374, the prince presided at a council of prelates and nobles held at Westminster to answer a demand from
1633:
1161:
1157:
687:
249:
17:
1407:, was defeated by a skirmishing party, and he found that Henry had occupied some strong positions, and especially
1018:
on 12 September he had as many as twenty thousand men-at-arms, and with these and his other forces he advanced to
863:
When Edward III determined to renew the war with France in 1355, he ordered the Black Prince to lead an army into
8163:
760:
8460:
7821:
7526:
7099:
1243:
1216:
preparing for his departure to his new principality, and after Christmas he received the king and his court at
5941:
Adami Murimuthensis Chronica sui temporis (M.CCC.III.–M.CCC.XLVI.) cum eorundem continuatione (ad M.CCC.LXXX.)
368:
or other Gascon nobles. He was directed by his father to forbid the marauding raids of the English and Gascon
8500:
7788:
7500:
7069:
6758:
6632:
6609:
6589:
6457:
1918:
2954:. The story of the prince's winning the feathers was printed, probably for the first time, by Camden in his
885:
expedition of the Prince was purely a piece of marauding. After grievously harrying the counties of Juliac,
252:
instead. Edward nevertheless earned distinction as one of the most successful English commanders during the
8052:
7875:
7212:
5629:
969:
5775:
The Image of Edward the Black Prince in Georgian and Victorian England: negotiating the late medieval past
5454:
5055:
1106:
In October 1359 Prince Edward sailed with his father to Calais, and led a division of the army during the
8310:
7684:
7074:
6107:
5998:
5278:
2919:" from the King John of Bohemia, who was slain in the battle of Crécy, it may be noted, first, as to the
2524:
2372:
1560:
France sends for us, but it shall be with our helmet on our head and sixty thousand men in our company".
1408:
8108:
5961:
1430:
On 30 March 1367, the prince wrote an answer to Henry's letter. On 2 April he left Logroño and moved to
8465:
8326:
8318:
8156:
7704:
7694:
6126:
6101:
6064:
4049:
1902:
400:, Peter's half-brother and rival. The same year, after an obstinate conflict, he defeated Henry at the
6317:
5745:
Green, David (2009), "Masculinity and medicine: Thomas Walsingham and the death of the Black Prince",
4601:
3284:
1463:
famous warriors in the whole world". At length Henry's vanguard gave way, and he fled from the field.
1168:, though they appear to have been contracted before it was applied for. The marriage was performed at
1070:
470:
8540:
8510:
7519:
7371:
6935:
6517:
4297:, p. 98 cites Ayala, xviii. c. 23; Friossart, vii. 37; Chandos, 1. 3107 sq.; Du Guesclin, p. 49.
2724:
2638:
2346:
1667:
1537:, or hearth tax, of ten sous for five years. An edict for this tax was published on 25 January 1368.
1254:
1247:
906:
4454:
8374:
7774:
6362:
6288:
5778:
5218:
2947:
2732:, who had passed by with an army, survived in southern France until recent years. In Shakespeare's
2466:
1176:
458:
6746:
1203:
Edward is granted Aquitaine by his father King Edward III. Initial letter "E" of miniature, 1390;
939:
was taken and sacked, but he did not take the citadel, which was strongly situated and fortified.
640:
Edward, Prince of Wales, sailed with King Edward III on 11 July 1346, and as soon as he landed at
8445:
8270:
8254:
7624:
7361:
7026:
6920:
5994:
5810:
5508:
5274:
5193:
2701:
2594:
1866:
On a chapeau gules turned up ermine, a lion statant or gorged with a label of three points argent
1714:
1372:
1350:
793:, the Prince sailed with him, though in another ship, and in company with his brother, the young
5352:] (in French), vol. 1 (3rd ed.), Paris: La compagnie des libraires, pp. 87–88
1833:
8545:
8118:
7895:
7448:
2815:
2769:
2404:
2059:– executed 1402); he married Margaret (d. 1382), a daughter of John Fleming, Baron de la Roche.
2021:
1957:
1779:
1581:
781:
691:
660:
537:
521:
5560:
5100:
2976:]. "Houmout" is interpreted as meaning high mood or courage. No early tradition connects "
1979:
1659:
1501:
175:
8302:
8198:
7998:
7937:
7880:
7844:
7804:
7674:
7574:
7137:
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7003:
6950:
6734:
6707:
6624:
6425:
6185:
6069:
6003:
5966:
5533:
5440:
2757:
2188:
1988:
1983:
1741:
1734:
1628:
1601:
1339:
1321:
653:
641:
517:
437:
377:
276:
253:
241:
211:
180:
6210:(in Latin and English). Vol. 9. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longsman, and Roberts
5939:
5683:
5635:
The Life and Glorious Actions of Edward, Prince of Wales, (commonly Call'd the Black Prince)
5633:
1111:
1110:(1359–1360). At its close he took the principal part on the English side in negotiating the
349:
8430:
8425:
8294:
8073:
7993:
7664:
7554:
7057:
7013:
6984:
6955:
6877:
6838:
6753:
6695:
6656:
6604:
6594:
6582:
6480:
6403:
6340:
5999:"Observations on the Origin and History of the Badge and Mottoes of Edward Prince of Wales"
5701:
5363:
5328:, vol. I (1st, reprint, ebook ed.), Genealogical Publishing Company, p. 64,
2781:
2717:
2430:
2130:
1911:
1752:
1722:
1687:
1471:
1289:
1153:
1003:
802:
621:
547:
When two cardinals came to England at the end of 1337 to make peace between Edward III and
501:
485:
474:
449:
405:
221:
121:
71:
6163:
2720:
succeeded in 1461, and this may have been the period when an alternative had to be found.
679:
8:
8214:
8133:
8093:
8057:
7988:
7978:
7885:
7483:
7334:
7284:
7265:
7258:
7222:
7173:
6896:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6850:
6781:
6768:
6675:
6570:
6540:
6522:
6512:
6378:
6236:(in Latin and English). Vol. 28. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green
5892:
5384:
The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of ye Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans
4977:
3020:), a contemporary court historian and a major historical source of the Prince's campaigns
2859:
2787:
2700:
above). However, there is no sound evidence that Edward ever wore black armour, although
2643:
2224:
2104:
1933:
1589:
1580:
In the spring, Charles raised two large armies for the invasion of Aquitaine; one, under
1486:
1447:
1431:
1392:
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1145:
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843:
839:
769:
596:
561:
548:
513:
493:
478:
462:
397:
353:
52:
6325:
5116:
Barber, Richard (January 2008), "Edward, prince of Wales and of Aquitaine (1330–1376)",
1821:
1454:
1403:
by this direct route. A body of his knights, which he had sent out to reconnoitre under
1246:, and many more were always ready to give what help they could to the French cause, and
917:, where many men, women, and children were ill-treated and slain, and took and pillaged
741:
729:
699:
600:
that, in case he fell in the war, his executors should have all his revenue for a year.
401:
8206:
8128:
8113:
8088:
7952:
7584:
7475:
7246:
7217:
7197:
7154:
6996:
6908:
6097:
5957:
5762:
5679:
5308:
3090:
motto is attributed to Edward according to a long-standing but unhistorical tradition (
2250:
2162:
1768:
1698:
1505:
1404:
1366:
1326:
1188:
1184:
1046:
982:
964:
710:
667:, which endeavoured to prevent the English army from crossing the Somme by the ford of
489:
342:
286:, his father intentionally leaving him to win the battle. He took part in Edward III's
107:
76:
8098:
8078:
5411:
2586:
Edward is often referred to as the "Black Prince". The first known source to use this
1035:
675:
413:
283:
8103:
7983:
7381:
7341:
7296:
7112:
7018:
6945:
6872:
6257:
6223:
6197:
6154:
5902:
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5766:
5732:
5616:
5444:
5396:
5329:
5313:
5261:
5233:
5214:
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5180:
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2282:
1896:
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1518:
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1258:
1058:
826:
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634:
541:
505:
466:
341:, but refused to surrender himself as the price of their acceptance. This led to the
334:
159:
2578:
8179:
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6439:
6078:
6065:"Observations on the Mottoes, 'Houmout' and 'Ich Dien', of Edward the Black Prince"
6049:
6012:
5975:
5795:
The Herald of Sir John Chandos (1910), Pope, Mildred K.; Lodge, Eleanor C. (eds.),
5758:
5754:
5303:
5295:
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2802:
2773:
2713:
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1745:
1621:
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and the old Roman road, probably on a spot now called La Cardinerie, a farm in the
868:
847:
798:
737:
664:
552:
453:
373:
287:
268:
94:
56:
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5674:. Panthéon littéraire. Littérature française. Histoire (in French). Paris: Desrez.
5669:
5655:
5564:
5563:(1779). "Aňo XIV–XVIII". In Zurita, Geronimo; de Llaguno Amirola, Eugenio (eds.).
5134:
2736:, the King of France alludes to "that black name, Edward, Black Prince of Wales".
1530:
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7386:
7149:
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over Christmas at Bordeaux, where his wife, Joan, gave birth to their second son
1330:
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1204:
822:
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714:
645:
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572:
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441:
385:
272:
185:
81:
48:
4971:
4453:
1199:
416:
for five years in 1368, thereby alienating the lord of Albret and other nobles.
348:
The year after Poitiers, Edward returned to England. In 1360, he negotiated the
7351:
6287:
6181:
5875:
5828:
5806:
5665:
5651:
5608:
5074:
5033:
3059:
3047:
3010:
2942:" the ostrich seems to have been the badge of his house; it was borne by Queen
2874:). For details of the origins of the sobriquet "Black Prince" see the section "
2791:
2709:
2654:
2611:
1887:, described as his "shield for peace" (probably meaning the shield he used for
1638:
1597:
1419:
mountain on the left, which made it impossible for him to reach Burgos through
1180:
1169:
1107:
1023:
745:
556:
381:
65:
7813:
6082:
6016:
5979:
5796:
5127:
1493:
while he went to Seville, whence he declared he would send the money he owed.
933:
defended its walls by pouring beehives onto the attackers, who fled in panic.
8414:
7947:
7185:
7084:
6535:
6249:
5935:
5879:
5660:(in French). Paris: Mme. ve. J. Renouard for Sociéte de l'histoire de France.
5095:
5023:
4967:
3051:
2741:
2659:
2025:
1573:
1541:
1285:
1086:
922:
794:
533:
326:
302:
237:
8037:
3716:, p. 94 cites another letter of Sir J. Wingfield, in Avesbury, p. 224).
1261:. Both appeared before him at Poitiers, but his mediation was unsuccessful.
613:
7460:
7346:
6930:
6233:
6207:
6144:
5853:
5317:
5299:
5062:
2924:
2790:
A43 Infantry Tank, a British experimental AFV design, essentially a "super
2658:(c. 1599; Act 2, scene 4). In 1688, it appears prominently in the title of
2615:
2007:
1907:
1764:
1728:
From the period of the Good Parliament, Edward knew that he was dying. His
1459:
1458:
St. George; and God defend our right". The knights of Castile attacked and
1377:
1354:
1345:
Prince Edward left Bordeaux early in February 1367, and joined his army at
1137:
1120:
695:
682:, and took the command of the right, or van, of the army with the earls of
668:
369:
135:
2614:– but in neither case does the name appear in his source texts. In print,
1232:
930:
842:
in Staffordshire, to have seen a fine church which his great-grandfather,
8366:
8358:
8003:
7764:
7754:
5886:. London: Printed by James Flesher and Cornelius Bee. pp. 2311–2744.
5569:. Vol. I: Don Pedro. Madrid: Don Antonio de Sancha. pp. 364–519
5477:
5465:
2591:
2038:
1941:
1937:
1346:
1221:
1217:
1173:
936:
914:
835:
580:
306:
201:
6554:
6053:
4451:
For more details of how Edward tried to conciliate the Gascon lords see
2776:
to give to him after the Castilian campaign. It is actually a large red
1995:
From his marriage to Joan, he also became stepfather to her children by
1549:
1136:
On 10 October 1361 the prince, now in his 31st year, married his cousin
1128:. He returned with King Edward to England at the beginning of November.
990:
on 25–27 August. Meanwhile, King John II was gathering a large force at
477:. In July of that year, the king proposed to marry him to a daughter of
8342:
8262:
7734:
7714:
7634:
6449:
6388:
6371:
5837:(2nd ed.). London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman
5379:
5358:
Selby, Walford Dakin; Harwood, H. W. Forsyth; Murray, Keith W. (1895),
3704:, p. 93 cites a letter of Sir John Wingfield, in Avesbury, p. 222.
3055:
2809:
2737:
2620:
1678:
1490:
1450:
and his company; the numbers, however, are scarcely to be depended on.
786:
409:
361:
245:
6192:(in Italian). Vol. 14. Milan: Societas Palatinae. pp. 1–770.
5220:
The Laste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande
5079:
Edward, Prince of Wales and Aquitaine: a biography of the Black Prince
2624:(1545) refers to "ye noble black prince Edward beside Poeters"; while
1917:
Edward's "shield for peace" is believed to have inspired the badge of
1424:
764:
520:
in 1314, and this time, Edward III defeated the Scots at the decisive
8334:
8278:
8047:
7724:
7644:
7322:
6122:
5497:
3586:
3570:
2587:
1960:(1328–1385), on 10 October 1361. She was the daughter and heiress of
1729:
1553:
1416:
1306:
1208:
1019:
918:
910:
894:
864:
725:
678:, Edward, Prince of Wales, received the sacrament with his father at
649:
421:
392:
to him as security for a loan; in 1366 a passage was secured through
295:
8148:
5595:, in text of above article, and in the notes of M. Luce's Froissart.
5345:
Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France
4888:
1435:
1376:
Nineteenth-century illustration of the Black Prince's march through
1276:
November 1364 Edward III called upon him to restrain their ravages.
948:
8350:
8238:
7744:
7604:
7511:
7418:
7356:
5350:
Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France
5290:
MacNalty, A. S. (1955), "The illness of Edward the Black Prince.",
5022: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3086:
2603:
1965:
1888:
1841:
1607:
1585:
1423:. Accordingly he crossed the Ebro, and encamped under the walls of
1362:
1358:
1313:
nor could any turn him from his determination to restore the king.
1074:
991:
987:
978:
944:
902:
881:
818:
790:
497:
338:
322:
318:
310:
257:
6278:
6165:
Rotuli Parliamentorum; ut et Petitiones, et Placita in Parliamento
4836:
2997:"Whiteval. Q. if not Whitwell. Barnes calls him sir Thomas Wake" (
1420:
5862:. Académie royale de Belgique (in French). Bruxelles: F. Heussner
5230:
In the Steps of the Black Prince: the Road to Poitiers, 1355–1356
4876:
1671:
1302:
1298:
1239:
999:
926:
898:
890:
830:
445:
425:
357:
330:
261:
196:
6229:
Thomae Walsingham, quondam monachi S. Albani, Historia Anglicana
5155:, translated by Johnes, Thomas, London: William Smith, pp.
4793:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4785:
2677:
Brutal reputation, particularly towards the French in Aquitaine.
960:
345:, where his army routed the French and took King John prisoner.
5248:
The Plantagenets: the warrior kings and queens who made England
2794:" of which six prototypes were built very late in World War II.
2777:
1945:
1593:
1478:
1400:
1388:
1015:
940:
588:
389:
365:
5794:
5678:
5374:, Woodbridge: Society of Antiquaries/Boydell, pp. 178–190
5042:, vol. 17, London: Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 90–101
3680:, p. 93 cites Jehan le Bel, ii. 188; Froissart, iv. 165).
2784:. (Originally, the term "ruby" was given to any red gemstone.)
1693:
The prince's illness soon returned in force, though when the "
5704:(1839). Charrière, Ernest; de Saint-André, Guillaume (eds.).
4782:
1545:
1500:
Meanwhile, Henry of Trastámara made war upon Aquitaine, took
1395:, which opened its gates to his army, and thence advanced to
995:
592:
584:
576:
256:, being regarded by his English contemporaries as a model of
3728:, p. 94 cites a letter of the prince dated 20 October,
2674:
Black shield (and/or the rumours that he wore black armour).
1744:
on 8 June 1376. In his last moments, he was attended by the
1305:
with his son and his three daughters. The prince met him at
5107:
1895:, used a similar shield on which the ostrich feathers were
1412:
775:
706:
674:
Early on Saturday, 26 August 1346, before the start of the
656:
624:, 1888, shows the prince contemplating his slain opponent,
5326:
Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants
3279:, iii. p. 90; letter of Edward III to Archbishop of York,
2696:) field of his "shield for peace" is well documented (see
6254:
The Black Prince and the Capture of a King: Poitiers 1356
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4806:
3744:, p. 94 states for itinerary of this expedition see
2972:
2875:
1434:. Meanwhile, Henry and his French allies had encamped at
6492:
4912:
4662:
3058:
and that his body was brought to Westminster on 8 July,
5285:, vol. 2 (3rd ed.), London, pp. 307, 479
4924:
4824:
4770:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4677:
3870:, iii. 348, not at Sandwich as Froissart, v. 82 states.
2573:
994:, from which he was able to defend the passages of the
30:"The Black Prince" redirects here. For other uses, see
5685:
Chronicon Angliae temporibus Edwardi II et Edwardi III
4996:
4936:
4803:
4549:
4547:
4545:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
1164:, a dispensation was obtained for their marriage from
5919:
The history of the life and times of Edward the Third
4948:
4900:
4864:
4699:
4417:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4364:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4249:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4144:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4012:
3969:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3808:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3661:
3659:
3548:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3325:
3323:
1854:
Quarterly, 1st and 4th azure semée of fleur-de-lys or
1798:
Land, houses, great treasure, horses, money and gold.
817:
In 1353 some disturbances seem to have broken out in
428:, helmet, shield, and gauntlets are still preserved.
282:
In 1346, Prince Edward commanded the vanguard at the
5710:. Paris: Printed by Firmin Didot frères for Panthéon
4674:
4508:
4506:
3335:
3118:
1782:
of Prince Edward, on display in Canterbury Cathedral
1604:, who had been one of the prince's trusted friends.
1257:
and John of Montfort, the rival competitors for the
5897:, Paris, Librairie Renouard, H. Laurens, successeur
4758:
4542:
4485:
4483:
3293:
3062:, a day he had always kept with special reverence (
2907:
2905:
1620:his horse, and was carried in a litter. During the
595:to accept his son as their lord, but the murder of
579:on 3 July 1345, and the king tried to persuade the
6096:
5724:
5357:
5177:Edward, the Black Prince: Power in Medieval Europe
5099:
4842:
4711:
4376:
4261:
4156:
4009:
3820:
3751:
3656:
3447:
3320:
2610:and the late 15th-century chronicle attributed to
1858:2nd and 3rd gules, three lions passant guardant or
1194:
424:and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, where his
232:(15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376), known to history as
6311:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). pp. 999–1000.
6248:
5538:Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de l'Ouest
5513:Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de l'Ouest
4503:
3400:, p. 92 cites a poem in Baron Reiffenburg's
3106:
1477:On 5 April 1367, the prince and Peter marched to
1320:The prince and Peter then held a conference with
1264:The next month, May 1363, the prince entertained
1092:
396:. In 1367, he received a letter of defiance from
372:in 1364. He entered into an agreement with Kings
8412:
6669:Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary
5482:Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy
5470:Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy
4480:
3380:335, f. 68, 14th cent.; but not, as asserted in
2902:
2665:Wales and of Aquitain, Sirnamed the Black-Prince
7843:
6222:
6196:
3372:, p. 92 notes: see also John of Arderne's
2712:suggests that the name's origins may have lain
2582:A 19th-century illustration of the Black Prince
1292:, who employed them in 1366 in compelling King
528:On 18 March 1333, Edward was invested with the
6168:. Vol. II: Tempore Edwardi R. III. London
5878:(1652). "Henricus Knighton Leicestrensis". In
5650:
5412:"Marks of cadency in the British royal family"
5393:Lauragais: Steeped in History, Soaked in Blood
5049:
4797:
4006:, p. 96 cites Froissart, vi. 275, Amiens.
3309:, p. 91 cites Baron Seymour de Constant,
2911:As regards the story that the prince took the
2798:Cultural depictions of Edward the Black Prince
1022:. On 16 and 17 September his army crossed the
853:
555:is said to have met the cardinals outside the
8164:
7829:
7527:
6465:
6011:. Society of Antiquaries of London: 350–384.
5859:Les vrayes chroniques de Messire Jehan le Bel
3384:, 2nd ser. xi. 293, in Arderne's 'Practice,'
3066:, p. 101 cites Chandos, vol. 1. p. 4201)
1631:, author of Prince Edward's biography in the
1512:
1279:
5934:
5852:
5341:
5122:(online ed.), Oxford University Press,
2697:
2044:With Edith de Willesford (died after 1385):
789:on 28 August 1350 to intercept the fleet of
603:
571:On 12 May 1343, Edward III created the duke
244:. He died before his father and so his son,
6077:. Society of Antiquaries of London: 69–71.
5974:. Society of Antiquaries of London: 32–59.
5890:
5294:, vol. 1, no. 4910, p. 411,
2886:
2884:
1975:They had two sons, both born in Aquitaine:
1470:Among the prisoners was the French marshal
8171:
8157:
7836:
7822:
7534:
7520:
7447:
6472:
6458:
6324:
6143:
6103:Historia de mirabilibus gestis Edvardi III
6031:Pattison, Richard Phillipson Dunn (1910),
5907:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5472:, London: The Bodley Head, pp. 75, 92
5362:, London: George Bell & Sons, p.
5324:Redlich, Marcellus Donald R. von (2009) ,
3653:, p. 93 cites Froissart, iv. 163, 373
2681:It might possibly have been intended as a
1876:were those of the kingdom, differenced by
1811:
1686:the prince, provoked at the hesitation of
1238:The prince appointed Chandos constable of
64:
7136:
7044:
6961:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk
6931:Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester
6774:Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester
6733:
5664:
5372:Heraldic Badges in England and Wales 2.1.
5307:
5213:
4894:
2708:' – in black armour of burnished steel".
1759:September. His funeral and the design of
1172:, in the presence of King Edward III, by
431:
301:, during which he pillaged Avignonet and
27:Heir of Edward III of England (1330–1376)
6983:
6837:
6694:
6655:
6479:
6200:(1858–1863). Haydon, Frank Scott (ed.).
6030:
5874:
5856:(1863). Polain, Matthieu Lambert (ed.).
5772:
5700:
5289:
5260:, London: Head of Zeus, pp. 365–7,
4655:, p. 101 cites Walsingham, i, 321;
3388:76, f. 61, written in English 15th cent.
2896:
2881:
2822:List of knights and ladies of the Garter
2577:
1932:
1925:. The motto "Ich dien" means "I serve".
1901:
1883:Edward also used an alternative coat of
1773:
1713:
1606:
1371:
1272:(29 September 1364) against the French.
1198:
959:
776:Siege of Calais and Battle of Winchelsea
612:
8084:Lancaster's Normandy chevauchée of 1356
7283:
7172:
7105:Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester
6941:Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant
6895:
6638:William de Longespée, Earl of Salisbury
6569:
6188:. In Muratori, Ludovico Antonio (ed.).
6180:
6059:
5993:
5956:
5915:
5628:
5369:
5323:
5227:
5162:
5146:, New York: Popular Library, p. 87
5141:
5119:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4942:
4882:
4818:
4776:
4361:, p. 98 cites Chandos, 1. 3670 sq.
3501:, p. 92 cites Camden 1614, p. 214.
3091:
1991:, who succeeded his grandfather as king
1644:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1187:in Hertfordshire and held the manor of
648:from his father in the local church of
148:
14:
8506:Garter Knights appointed by Edward III
8413:
7397:Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle
7304:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
7245:
6285:
5805:
5607:
5429:
5390:
5342:Sainte-Marie, Père Anselme de (1726),
5273:
5192:
5150:
5115:
5094:
5073:
5061:
5002:
4990:
4966:
4918:
4906:
4870:
4858:
4854:
4532:
4423:
4349:, p. 98 cites Walsingham, i. 305.
3899:
3665:
3610:
3605:, p. 93 cites Knighton, c. 2606;
3341:
3124:
3112:
3054:", cap.8, that the Prince died at his
2998:
2952:Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk
2940:besprinkled with linden leaves of gold
2780:, now set at the front of the British
2652:(written c. 1595; Act 2, scene 3) and
2446:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2204:
2094:
2090:
1862:overall a label of three points argent
1751:Edward was buried with great state in
1284:In 1365 the free companies, under Sir
812:
763:, and after the surrender of the town
275:in 1343 and knighted by his father at
8178:
8152:
7817:
7515:
7446:
7416:
7320:
7282:
7244:
7203:Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence
7171:
7135:
7043:
6982:
6966:Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
6894:
6836:
6732:
6693:
6654:
6600:Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony
6568:
6491:
6453:
6039:
5827:
5744:
5722:
5433:Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War
5409:
5378:
5255:
5245:
5174:
4954:
4930:
4717:
4705:
4536:
4337:, p. 98 cites Knighton, c. 2629.
2932:ubi depingitur penna principis Walliæ
2892:
2522:
2512:
2508:
2496:
2490:
2480:
2464:
2454:
2450:
2434:
2428:
2418:
2402:
2392:
2388:
2376:
2370:
2360:
2344:
2334:
2330:
2306:
2296:
2280:
2270:
2266:
2254:
2248:
2238:
2222:
2212:
2208:
2192:
2186:
2176:
2160:
2150:
2146:
2134:
2128:
2118:
2102:
2098:
1288:and other leaders, took service with
955:
568:for a dispensation for the marriage.
8526:People from Wallingford, Oxfordshire
7541:
7468:Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales
7085:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
6914:Margaret of France, Queen of England
6615:Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile
6494:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
6318:Portraits of Edward, Prince of Wales
6300:
6226:(1863–1864). Riley, Henry T. (ed.).
6161:
6121:
5476:
5464:
5410:Velde, Francois R. (5 August 2013),
5027:
4830:
4764:
4748:
4729:
4693:
4668:
4652:
4636:
4620:
4597:
4581:
4565:
4553:
4512:
4489:
4474:
4435:
4403:
4391:
4370:
4358:
4346:
4334:
4318:
4306:
4294:
4282:
4255:
4239:
4227:
4215:
4199:
4183:
4171:
4150:
4134:
4118:
4102:
4086:
4070:
4028:
4003:
3987:
3975:
3959:
3943:
3927:
3911:
3895:
3879:
3859:
3847:
3835:
3814:
3792:
3776:
3764:
3741:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3692:, p. 93 cites Avesbury, p. 215.
3689:
3677:
3650:
3641:, p. 93 cites Avesbury, p. 201.
3638:
3622:
3602:
3582:
3566:
3554:
3545:, p. 92cites Knighton, c. 2595.
3542:
3526:
3510:
3498:
3486:
3470:
3458:
3437:
3421:
3397:
3369:
3353:
3329:
3306:
3272:
3256:
3240:
3224:
3212:
3196:
3180:
3168:
3152:
3136:
3063:
3030:
2867:
2843:
2080:Ancestors of Edward the Black Prince
1885:Sable, three ostrich feathers argent
1592:, was to march towards Limousin and
1387:From Pamplona the prince marched by
825:marched with Henry of Grosmont, now
807:Henry of Grosmont, Earl of Lancaster
333:. He offered terms of peace to King
7963:John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
7866:Second War of Scottish Independence
7393:Illegitimate: Elizabeth Plantagenet
7377:George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford
7367:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York
7090:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
7080:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
6926:Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar
5484:, London: Vintage Books, p. 95
5054:, Charles Scribner's Sons, p.
4477:, p. 99 cite Chandos, 1. 4043.
4230:, p. 97 cites Ayala, xviii. 2.
3946:, pp. 95 cites James, ii. 223
3850:, p. 95 Froissart, v. 64, 288.
3171:, p. 90 cites Courthope, p. 9.
2756:", appearing to cite a record of 2
1804:My beauty great, is all quite gone,
1792:I thought little on th'our of Death
1131:
780:Prince Edward shared in the king's
294:, and ordered to lead an army into
24:
8531:People from Woodstock, Oxfordshire
8386:
7958:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
7787:
7208:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
6764:Joan of England, Queen of Scotland
6553:
6531:Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
5938:; Anon (1846). Hog, Thomas (ed.).
5809:(1883). Francisque, Michel (ed.).
5600:
4218:, p. 97 cites Ayala; Chandos.
2010:, later married Edward's brother,
1802:Deep in the ground, lo here I lie.
1301:, set out at once, and arrived at
878:William Montagu, Earl of Salisbury
608:
504:, was the daughter of William II,
461:was a daughter of the French king
25:
8557:
8481:English people of Spanish descent
8456:Children of Edward III of England
7191:Joan of Navarre, Queen of England
6322:National Portrait Gallery, London
6271:
5884:Historiae anglicanae scriptores X
5654:(1869–1875). Luce, Siméon (ed.).
5566:Cronicas de los Reyes de Castilla
5223:, London, pp. 893, 997, 1001
5069:, vol. 1, London, p. 40
4464:. Vol. 17. 1889. p. 66.
3781:Chronique de Bertrand du Guesclin
3489:, p. 92 cites Camden p. 161.
3315:Histoire d'Abbeville; Archæologia
3215:, pp. 90–91 cites Holinshed.
2032:Joan Holland, Duchess of Brittany
1839:The "shield for peace", with the
1790:Such as I am, such shalt thou be.
1788:Such as thou art, sometime was I.
1309:, and rode with him to Bordeaux.
1142:Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent
1101:
32:The Black Prince (disambiguation)
8536:People of the Hundred Years' War
8486:Heirs apparent who never acceded
8471:English people of French descent
7009:John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall
6620:Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
6301:Tout, Thomas Frederick (1911). "
6277:
5944:(in Latin). Sumptibus Societatis
5688:(in Latin). London: Jacobus Bohn
5668:(1835). Buchon, J. A. C. (ed.).
5590:Dictionary of National Biography
5490:
5370:Siddons, Michael Powell (2009),
5250:, New York: Penguin, p. 524
5170:, London, pp. 223, 293, 324
5039:Dictionary of National Biography
5017:
4984:
4960:
4848:
4843:Selby, Harwood & Murray 1895
4742:
4723:
4646:
4630:
4614:
4461:Dictionary of National Biography
3866:, iii. 227; Walsingham, i. 283;
3862:, p. 95 Knighton, c. 2615;
3410:Généalogie des Comtes de Flandre
3374:Miscellanea medica et chirurgica
3078:
3069:
3040:
2687:, combining these two meanings.
2018:John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
2004:Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent
1832:
1820:
1806:My flesh is wasted to the bone.
1800:But now a wretched captive am I,
1634:Dictionary of National Biography
290:. In 1355, he was appointed the
8476:English people of Dutch descent
8451:Burials at Canterbury Cathedral
7480:Katherine, Countess of Pembroke
6289:"Edward the Black Prince"
6252:; Livingstone, Marilyn (2018),
5815:(in French). J. G. Fotheringham
5581:For other references see under
5179:, Harlow: Longman, p. 73,
5050:Armitage-Smith, Sydney (1905),
4591:
4575:
4559:
4526:
4468:
4445:
4429:
4397:
4352:
4340:
4328:
4312:
4300:
4288:
4233:
4221:
4209:
4193:
4177:
4128:
4112:
4096:
4080:
4064:
4034:
3997:
3981:
3953:
3937:
3921:
3905:
3889:
3873:
3853:
3841:
3786:
3770:
3735:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3671:
3644:
3632:
3616:
3596:
3576:
3560:
3536:
3520:
3504:
3492:
3480:
3464:
3431:
3415:
3391:
3363:
3347:
3266:
3250:
3247:, ii. p. 1083, iii. pp. 32, 35.
3234:
3218:
3206:
3023:
3004:
2991:
2913:crest of three ostrich feathers
2842:after the place of his birth, (
2642:(1577); and it is also used by
1874:coat of arms as Prince of Wales
1740:His death was announced at the
1588:and Bergerac, the other, under
1195:Prince of Aquitaine and Gascony
913:. His troops stormed and burnt
901:at Sainte-Marie a little above
874:William Ufford, Earl of Suffolk
728:was next made by the Counts of
144:
7100:Margaret, Countess of Pembroke
5759:10.1016/j.jmedhist.2008.12.002
5680:Galfridi Le Baker de Swinbroke
5011:
4627:, Pref. xxix, pp. 74, 75, 393.
3190:
3174:
3162:
3146:
3130:
3050:, in his continuation of the "
2870:, p. 90 cites Walsingham
2862:(1362–1372). Sometimes called
2833:
2020:, who married Edward's niece,
1910:of Edward the Black Prince at
1878:a label of three points argent
1244:Arnaud Amanieu, Lord of Albret
1093:England, tournaments and debts
759:The prince was present at the
724:A flank attack on the side of
337:, who had outflanked him near
74:, 1453, illustration from the
13:
1:
8516:Male Shakespearean characters
8436:14th-century English nobility
7321:
7229:Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde
6759:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall
6633:Geoffrey (archbishop of York)
6610:Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany
6590:William IX, Count of Poitiers
6294:Famous Men of the Middle Ages
4584:, p. 100 cites Wilkins,
3100:
3014:
2636:uses it several times in his
2602:" (i.e., "Edward the Prince,
2053:
1940:of the Black Prince found in
1658:The death of his eldest son,
530:earldom and county of Chester
8441:14th-century peers of France
8053:War of the Breton Succession
7911:Armagnac–Burgundian conflict
7876:War of the Breton Succession
7417:
7213:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
5682:(1847). Giles, J. A. (ed.).
5198:The Black Prince and his Age
5151:Froissart, Sir John (1848),
5142:Costain, Thomas B. (1962) ,
5135:UK public library membership
4046:Chilterns Conservation Board
3934:, iii, 486; Chandos, l. 1539
2946:, as well as by her brother
2923:, that in the manuscript of
2846:, p. 90 cites le Baker
2706:en armure noire en fer bruni
2600:Edwardi Principis cog: Nigri
1794:So long as I enjoyed breath.
1342:(the next king of England).
970:Grandes Chroniques de France
858:
408:of Aquitaine to allow him a
292:king's lieutenant in Gascony
7:
8521:Peers created by Edward III
8491:Heirs to the English throne
6190:Rerum Italicarum Scriptores
6042:Nottingham Medieval Studies
5747:Journal of Medieval History
5503:For the battle of Poitiers
3732:i. 212; Froissart, iv. 196.
3231:, ii. pp. 1049, 1125, 1212.
2763:
2525:Margaret, Countess of Anjou
2373:William I, Count of Hainaut
2071:
2024:, daughter of his brother,
1796:On earth I had great riches
1409:Santo Domingo de la Calzada
1211:: Cotton MS Nero D VI, f.31
854:Further campaigns (1355–64)
761:siege of Calais (1346–1347)
165:
10:
8562:
6551:
5773:Gribling, Barbara (2017),
5558:For the Spanish campaign,
4897:, pp. 893, 997, 1001.
4751:, p. 101cites Weive,
2876:Appellation 'Black Prince'
2574:Appellation "Black Prince"
2440:
2324:
2198:
2092:
1964:, the younger son of King
1827:The Black Prince's shield.
1653:
1584:, was to enter Guyenne by
1513:War in Aquitaine (1366–70)
1411:on the right of the river
1280:Spanish campaign (1365–67)
829:, to the neighbourhood of
436:Edward, the eldest son of
364:was not recognised by the
29:
8496:High sheriffs of Cornwall
8397:
8384:
8186:
8066:
8043:Armagnacs and Burgundians
8025:
8016:
7971:
7930:
7923:
7858:
7851:
7798:
7785:
7549:
7496:
7455:
7442:
7425:
7412:
7372:Anne of York, Lady Howard
7329:
7316:
7291:
7278:
7253:
7240:
7180:
7167:
7144:
7131:
7052:
7039:
6991:
6978:
6936:Alphonso, Earl of Chester
6903:
6890:
6845:
6832:
6741:
6728:
6702:
6689:
6663:
6650:
6577:
6564:
6518:Geoffrey, Count of Nantes
6500:
6487:
6437:
6432:
6417:
6408:
6395:
6385:
6376:
6368:
6361:
6334:
6083:10.1017/S0261340900003465
6017:10.1017/S0261340900012509
5980:10.1017/S0261340900001880
5916:Longman, William (1869).
5801:, Oxford: Clarendon Press
4885:, pp. 223, 293, 324.
4736:, 1365 Murimuth, or 1363
4309:, p. 99 cites Ayala.
3882:, p. 95 cites Matt.
2812:ships named in his honour
2510:
2502:
2474:
2452:
2448:
2412:
2390:
2382:
2354:
2347:John II, Count of Holland
2332:
2328:
2290:
2268:
2260:
2232:
2210:
2206:
2170:
2148:
2140:
2112:
2096:
1928:
1668:convocation of Canterbury
1063:Charles, Duke of Normandy
907:John I, Count of Armagnac
663:with the force under Sir
618:The Black Prince at Crécy
604:Early campaigns (1346–53)
236:, was the eldest son and
217:
207:
195:
158:
129:
114:
101:
88:
63:
46:
41:
8109:Battle of La Brossinière
6336:Edward the Black Prince
6303:Edward, the Black Prince
5995:Nicolas, Nicholas Harris
5894:Chronique de Jean de Bel
5798:Life of the Black Prince
5779:Royal Historical Society
5638:. London: Thomas Osborne
5395:. Troubador Publishing.
5106:. Cambridge – via
2948:Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
2827:
2467:Charles, Count of Valois
2309:Edward, the Black Prince
1709:
1627:The Victorian historian
1483:Monastery of Las Huelgas
1399:, intending to march on
1177:Archbishop of Canterbury
905:, which was occupied by
488:was deposed by his wife
459:Queen Isabella of France
260:and one of the greatest
8421:Edward the Black Prince
7943:Edward the Black Prince
7565:Edward the Black Prince
7065:Edward the Black Prince
6308:Encyclopædia Britannica
6286:Haaren, John H (1904).
5615:, Woodbridge: Boydell,
5256:Jones, Michael (2017),
5232:, Woodbridge: Boydell,
5228:Hoskins, Peter (2011),
5030:Edward the Black Prince
5028:Hunt, William (1889), "
2698:Arms and heraldic badge
1812:Arms and heraldic badge
1641:writing in 2008 in the
1544:, held a conference at
1540:The chancellor, Bishop
1351:Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port
1071:Philip, Duke of Orléans
250:succeeded to the throne
42:Edward the Black Prince
8391:
8119:Battle of the Herrings
7792:
7449:Richard III of England
6558:
6162:Strachey, John (ed.).
5391:Taylor, Colin (2018).
5300:10.1136/bmj.1.4910.411
5081:, London: Allen Lane,
4442:, vii. Pref. p. lviii.
3589:, iv. p. 95; Nicolas,
3313:, ed, 1846; Louandre,
2816:Junio Valerio Borghese
2583:
2405:Philippa of Luxembourg
2022:Elizabeth of Lancaster
1958:Joan, Countess of Kent
1949:
1919:three ostrich feathers
1914:
1809:
1783:
1778:The original heraldic
1725:
1677:It is said that after
1616:
1582:Louis I, Duke of Anjou
1380:
1212:
1138:Joan, Countess of Kent
973:
637:
544:as a place of safety.
538:Merton College, Oxford
522:Battle of Halidon Hill
432:Early life (1330–1343)
288:1349 Calais expedition
97:, Oxfordshire, England
8461:Deaths from dysentery
8390:
7881:War of the Two Peters
7805:Principality of Wales
7791:
7595:Edward of Westminster
7138:Richard II of England
7046:Edward III of England
7004:Edward III of England
6951:Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
6747:Isabella of Angoulême
6735:John, King of England
6708:Berengaria of Navarre
6625:John, King of England
6557:
6282:Texts on Wikisource:
5723:Green, David (2001),
5593:. Vol. 17. 1889.
5561:López de Ayala, Pedro
5386:, London, p. 567
5175:Green, David (2007),
5128:10.1093/ref:odnb/8523
4976:. Cambridge. p.
4643:, Pref. xxix, p. 80).
3360:56, f. 74, 14th cent.
3281:Retrospective Review,
2934:", with the remark: "
2581:
2189:Edward III of England
2063:With unknown mother:
2041:before his marriage.
1984:Austin Friars, London
1936:
1905:
1785:
1777:
1769:heraldic achievements
1742:Palace of Westminster
1717:
1610:
1602:Jean de Murat de Cros
1384:defiance from Henry.
1375:
1266:Peter, King of Cyprus
1248:Gaston, Count of Foix
1202:
963:
711:Sir Richard FitzSimon
616:
518:Battle of Bannockburn
496:, and by the English
475:king's sister Eleanor
438:Edward III of England
378:Charles II of Navarre
242:Edward III of England
212:Edward III of England
181:Richard II of England
105:8 June 1376 (aged 45)
8501:House of Plantagenet
8074:Battle of Saint-Omer
7555:Edward of Caernarfon
7058:Philippa of Hainault
7014:Eleanor of Woodstock
6985:Edward II of England
6956:Edward II of England
6878:Katherine of England
6839:Henry III of England
6754:Henry III of England
6696:Richard I of England
6657:Henry the Young King
6605:Richard I of England
6595:Henry the Young King
6583:Eleanor of Aquitaine
6481:House of Plantagenet
6341:House of Plantagenet
6256:, Oxford: Casemate,
6106:(in Latin). Oxford:
5891:Jean de Bel (1904),
5532:St-Hypolite (1844).
5200:, London: Batsford,
5168:A Chronicle at Large
4732:, p. 101 cites
4639:, p. 100 cites
4623:, p. 100 cites
4600:, p. 100 cites
4568:, p. 100 cites
4515:, p. 100 cites
3585:, pp. 93 cites
3094:, pp. 178–190).
3033:, p. 100 cites
2858:(from 1343) and the
2782:Imperial State Crown
2725:Philippe de Mézières
2608:Eulogium Historiarum
2431:Philippa of Hainault
2131:Edward II of England
1962:Edmund, Earl of Kent
1912:Canterbury Cathedral
1753:Canterbury Cathedral
1723:Canterbury Cathedral
1688:Archbishop Wittlesey
1444:Jean, Captal de Buch
1290:Bertrand du Guesclin
1154:Philip III of France
1126:Church of the Virgin
821:, for the Prince as
803:Battle of Winchelsea
782:expedition to Calais
626:King John of Bohemia
622:Julian Russell Story
502:Philippa of Hainault
486:Edward II of England
222:Philippa of Hainault
122:Canterbury Cathedral
72:Knight of the Garter
8134:Battle of Castillon
8094:Battle of Agincourt
8058:Castilian Civil War
7896:Despenser's Crusade
7886:Castilian Civil War
7615:Edward of Middleham
7575:Richard of Bordeaux
7484:Richard of Eastwell
7430:no consort or issue
7335:Elizabeth Woodville
7285:Henry VI of England
7266:Henry VI of England
7259:Catherine of Valois
7223:Philippa of England
7174:Henry IV of England
6897:Edward I of England
6868:Beatrice of England
6863:Margaret of England
6858:Edward I of England
6851:Eleanor of Provence
6809:Bartholomew FitzRoy
6782:Joan, Lady of Wales
6769:Isabella of England
6676:William Plantagenet
6571:Henry II of England
6541:Mary of Shaftesbury
6523:William FitzEmpress
6513:Henry II of England
6426:Richard of Bordeaux
6404:Edward of Carnarvon
6379:Prince of Aquitaine
6147:, ed. (1816–1869).
6054:10.1484/J.NMS.3.394
5958:Nichols, John Gough
5443:: Greenwood Press,
5430:Wagner, J. (2006),
5246:Jones, Dan (2014),
4861:, pp. 307, 479
4857:, p. 242; and
4798:Armitage-Smith 1905
4671:, pp. 100–101.
4523:. Murimuth, p. 209.
4500:. Murimuth, p. 209.
4492:, p. 99 cites
4438:, p. 99 cites
4406:, p. 99 cites
4321:, p. 98 cites
4242:, p. 97 cites
4202:, p. 97 cites
4186:, p. 97 cites
4137:, p. 96 cites
4121:, p. 96 cites
4105:, p. 96 cites
4089:, p. 96 cites
4073:, p. 96 cites
3990:, p. 96 cites
3930:, p. 95 cites
3914:, p. 95 cites
3898:, p. 95 cites
3795:, p. 94 cites
3779:, p. 94 cites
3625:, p. 93 cites
3569:, p. 93 cites
3529:, p. 92 cites
3513:, p. 92 cites
3473:, p. 92 cites
3440:, p. 92 cites
3424:, p. 92 cites
3408:; Olivier de Vrée,
3356:, p. 92 cites
3275:, p. 91 cites
3259:, p. 91 cites
3243:, p. 91 cites
3227:, p. 91 cites
3199:, p. 90 cites
3183:, p. 90 cites
3155:, p. 90 cites
3143:, ii. pp. 798, 811.
3139:, p. 90 cites
3056:manor of Kennington
2860:Prince of Aquitaine
2840:Edward of Woodstock
2788:Black Prince (tank)
2770:Black Prince's Ruby
2644:William Shakespeare
2225:Philip IV of France
2105:Edward I of England
2037:Edward had several
1980:Edward of Angoulême
1968:by his second wife
1660:Edward of Angoulême
1590:John, Duke of Berry
1487:Cathedral of Burgos
1432:Navarrete, La Rioja
1158:Thomas Lord Holland
1047:commune of Beauvoir
840:Abbey of Dieulacres
813:Cheshire expedition
770:Order of the Garter
692:Geoffroy d'Harcourt
597:Jacob van Artevelde
562:John III of Brabant
549:Philip VI of France
514:Edward I of England
494:Philip IV of France
479:Philip VI of France
463:Philip IV of France
398:Henry of Trastámara
354:Prince of Aquitaine
329:but failed to take
230:Edward of Woodstock
176:Edward of Angoulême
8392:
8129:Battle of Formigny
8114:Battle of Verneuil
8089:Battle of Poitiers
7845:Hundred Years' War
7793:
7476:John of Gloucester
7247:Henry V of England
7218:Blanche of England
7198:Henry V of England
7155:Isabella of Valois
6997:Isabella of France
6909:Eleanor of Castile
6559:
6422:Title next held by
6400:Title last held by
6224:Walsingham, Thomas
6198:Walsingham, Thomas
6128:Annales of England
6098:Robert of Avesbury
5731:, Stroud: Tempus,
5702:Guesclin, Bertrand
5507:Allonneau (1841).
5215:Holinshed, Raphael
4833:, pp. 75, 92.
4539:, pp. 365–367
4519:, i. 620, Buchon;
4496:, i. 620, Buchon;
4455:"Edward III"
4052:on 16 October 2021
4042:"The Black Prince"
3290:; Chandos, l. 145.
3046:It is asserted by
2772:, which he forced
2630:Chronicle at Large
2584:
2251:Isabella of France
2163:Eleanor of Castile
2006:, whose daughter,
1970:Margaret of France
1954:married his cousin
1950:
1944:, France in 1866.
1915:
1870:gules lined ermine
1856:(France Ancient);
1784:
1726:
1699:William of Wykeham
1617:
1506:Peter IV of Aragon
1405:Sir William Felton
1381:
1367:Kingdom of Navarre
1331:Castro de Urdialès
1327:Treaty of Libourne
1322:Charles of Navarre
1213:
1189:Princes Risborough
1185:Berkhamsted Castle
1112:Treaty of Brétigny
974:
965:Battle of Poitiers
956:Battle of Poitiers
740:and the Counts of
638:
490:Isabella of France
390:province of Biscay
350:Treaty of Brétigny
343:Battle of Poitiers
315:another chevauchée
254:Hundred Years' War
108:Westminster Palace
77:Bruges Garter Book
8466:Dukes of Cornwall
8408:
8407:
8180:Dukes of Cornwall
8146:
8145:
8142:
8141:
8104:Battle of Cravant
8012:
8011:
7919:
7918:
7906:Lancastrian phase
7811:
7810:
7585:Henry of Monmouth
7509:
7508:
7492:
7491:
7438:
7437:
7408:
7407:
7401:Grace Plantagenet
7382:Catherine of York
7342:Elizabeth of York
7312:
7311:
7297:Margaret of Anjou
7274:
7273:
7236:
7235:
7163:
7162:
7127:
7126:
7113:John de Southeray
7070:Isabella de Coucy
7035:
7034:
7019:Joan of the Tower
6974:
6973:
6946:Mary of Woodstock
6886:
6885:
6873:Edmund Crouchback
6828:
6827:
6724:
6723:
6685:
6684:
6678:(died in infancy)
6646:
6645:
6549:
6548:
6448:
6447:
6386:Succeeded by
6263:978-1-61200-451-8
6155:Record Commission
6035:, London: Methuen
5922:. Longmans, Green
5788:978-0-86193-342-6
5738:978-0-7524-1989-3
5622:978-0-85115-435-0
5450:978-0-313-32736-0
5335:978-0-8063-0494-6
5267:978-1-78497-293-6
5239:978-1-84383-611-7
5207:978-0-7134-3148-3
5186:978-0-582-78481-9
5144:The Three Edwards
5133:(Subscription or
5088:978-0-7139-0861-9
4933:, pp. 184–5.
4921:, pp. 242–3.
4753:Funeral Monuments
4659:, i, 706, Buchonl
4373:, pp. 98–99.
4258:, pp. 97–98.
4153:, pp. 96–97.
3978:, pp. 95–96.
3817:, pp. 94–95.
3557:, pp. 92–93.
3406:Ducs de Bourgogne
3382:Notes and Queries
3311:Bataille de Crécy
2925:John of Arderne's
2854:(from 1337), the
2634:Raphael Holinshed
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2283:Joan I of Navarre
2067:Sir John Sounders
2012:Edmund of Langley
1519:Kingdom of Aragon
1472:Arnoul d'Audrehem
1259:Duchy of Brittany
1144:, younger son of
897:, he crossed the
827:Duke of Lancaster
635:Savannah, Georgia
542:Nottingham Castle
506:Count of Hainault
467:Hundred Years War
380:, by which Peter
360:in 1362, but his
352:. He was created
335:John II of France
227:
226:
118:29 September 1376
110:, London, England
16:(Redirected from
8553:
8541:Princes of Wales
8511:Knights Bachelor
8389:
8234:(1460; disputed)
8173:
8166:
8159:
8150:
8149:
8023:
8022:
7928:
7927:
7901:1383–1385 Crisis
7856:
7855:
7838:
7831:
7824:
7815:
7814:
7780:
7770:
7760:
7750:
7740:
7730:
7720:
7710:
7700:
7690:
7680:
7670:
7660:
7650:
7640:
7630:
7620:
7610:
7600:
7590:
7580:
7570:
7560:
7543:Princes of Wales
7536:
7529:
7522:
7513:
7512:
7444:
7443:
7414:
7413:
7362:Margaret of York
7318:
7317:
7280:
7279:
7242:
7241:
7169:
7168:
7133:
7132:
7041:
7040:
6980:
6979:
6892:
6891:
6834:
6833:
6794:Geoffrey FitzRoy
6730:
6729:
6716:Philip of Cognac
6691:
6690:
6652:
6651:
6566:
6565:
6489:
6488:
6474:
6467:
6460:
6451:
6450:
6440:Duke of Cornwall
6369:Preceded by
6357:
6350:
6332:
6331:
6328:
6312:
6297:
6291:
6281:
6266:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6193:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6158:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6093:
6091:
6089:
6056:
6036:
6033:The Black Prince
6027:
6025:
6023:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5912:
5906:
5898:
5887:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5802:
5791:
5769:
5741:
5730:
5727:The Black Prince
5719:
5717:
5715:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5675:
5661:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5625:
5594:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5500:, S. 56 and 335;
5485:
5473:
5461:
5459:
5453:, archived from
5438:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5406:
5387:
5375:
5366:
5353:
5338:
5320:
5311:
5286:
5270:
5258:The Black Prince
5251:
5242:
5224:
5210:
5189:
5171:
5164:Grafton, Richard
5159:
5147:
5138:
5130:
5111:
5105:
5091:
5070:
5058:
5043:
5021:
5020:
5006:
5000:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4964:
4958:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4898:
4892:
4886:
4880:
4874:
4868:
4862:
4852:
4846:
4840:
4834:
4828:
4822:
4816:
4801:
4795:
4780:
4774:
4768:
4762:
4756:
4746:
4740:
4727:
4721:
4715:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4672:
4666:
4660:
4650:
4644:
4634:
4628:
4618:
4612:
4595:
4589:
4579:
4573:
4563:
4557:
4551:
4540:
4530:
4524:
4510:
4501:
4487:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4457:
4449:
4443:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4356:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4326:
4316:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4207:
4197:
4191:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4132:
4126:
4116:
4110:
4100:
4094:
4084:
4078:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4048:. Archived from
4038:
4032:
4026:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3957:
3951:
3941:
3935:
3925:
3919:
3909:
3903:
3893:
3887:
3877:
3871:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3790:
3784:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3749:
3739:
3733:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3629:, iii. 302, 312.
3620:
3614:
3600:
3594:
3580:
3574:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3524:
3518:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3477:, xxxi. 354–379.
3468:
3462:
3456:
3445:
3435:
3429:
3419:
3413:
3395:
3389:
3367:
3361:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3318:
3304:
3291:
3270:
3264:
3254:
3248:
3238:
3232:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3194:
3188:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3150:
3144:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3095:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3044:
3038:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3008:
3002:
2995:
2989:
2921:ostrich feathers
2909:
2900:
2888:
2879:
2852:Duke of Cornwall
2837:
2774:Peter of Castile
2086:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2058:
2055:
1923:Princes of Wales
1836:
1824:
1758:
1746:Bishop of Bangor
1622:siege of Limoges
1613:siege of Limoges
1455:battle of Nájera
1448:James of Majorca
1365:(the capital of
1294:Peter of Castile
1255:Charles of Blois
1166:Pope Innocent VI
1132:Marriage to Joan
1051:Hélie Talleyrand
943:(or Homps, near
869:John of Montfort
799:Earl of Richmond
738:Duke of Lorraine
700:Count of Alençon
665:Godemar I du Fay
553:Duke of Cornwall
402:Battle of Nájera
374:Peter of Castile
309:, and plundered
269:Duke of Cornwall
267:Edward was made
234:the Black Prince
169:
152:
150:
146:
95:Woodstock Palace
68:
57:Duke of Cornwall
39:
38:
21:
18:The Black Prince
8561:
8560:
8556:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8551:
8550:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8404:
8401:Cornwall Portal
8393:
8387:
8382:
8287:Henry Frederick
8182:
8177:
8147:
8138:
8124:Battle of Patay
8099:Battle of Baugé
8079:Battle of Crécy
8062:
8018:
8008:
7967:
7915:
7871:Edwardian phase
7847:
7842:
7812:
7807:
7794:
7783:
7773:
7763:
7753:
7743:
7733:
7723:
7713:
7703:
7693:
7683:
7673:
7663:
7655:Henry Frederick
7653:
7643:
7633:
7623:
7613:
7603:
7593:
7583:
7573:
7563:
7553:
7545:
7540:
7510:
7505:
7488:
7451:
7434:
7421:
7404:
7387:Bridget of York
7325:
7308:
7287:
7270:
7249:
7232:
7176:
7159:
7150:Anne of Bohemia
7140:
7123:
7095:Mary of Waltham
7075:Joan of England
7048:
7031:
6987:
6970:
6899:
6882:
6841:
6824:
6821:William de Forz
6787:Richard FitzRoy
6737:
6720:
6698:
6681:
6659:
6642:
6573:
6560:
6545:
6506:Empress Matilda
6496:
6483:
6478:
6443:
6423:
6414:
6411:Prince of Wales
6401:
6391:
6382:
6374:
6363:English royalty
6351:
6345:
6344:
6337:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6239:
6237:
6213:
6211:
6182:Villani, Matteo
6171:
6169:
6134:
6132:
6112:
6110:
6087:
6085:
6021:
6019:
5984:
5982:
5947:
5945:
5925:
5923:
5900:
5899:
5876:Knighton, Henry
5865:
5863:
5840:
5838:
5829:James, G. P. R.
5818:
5816:
5807:Herald, Chandos
5789:
5739:
5713:
5711:
5691:
5689:
5666:Froissart, Jean
5652:Froissart, Jean
5641:
5639:
5630:Collins, Arthur
5623:
5609:Barber, Richard
5603:
5601:Further reading
5598:
5582:
5572:
5570:
5559:
5547:
5545:
5531:
5522:
5520:
5506:
5493:
5488:
5460:on 16 July 2018
5457:
5451:
5436:
5420:
5418:
5403:
5360:The genealogist
5336:
5268:
5240:
5208:
5187:
5132:
5089:
5075:Barber, Richard
5034:Stephen, Leslie
5018:
5014:
5009:
5001:
4997:
4989:
4985:
4965:
4961:
4953:
4949:
4941:
4937:
4929:
4925:
4917:
4913:
4905:
4901:
4893:
4889:
4881:
4877:
4869:
4865:
4853:
4849:
4841:
4837:
4829:
4825:
4817:
4804:
4796:
4783:
4775:
4771:
4763:
4759:
4747:
4743:
4728:
4724:
4716:
4712:
4704:
4700:
4692:
4675:
4667:
4663:
4651:
4647:
4635:
4631:
4619:
4615:
4596:
4592:
4580:
4576:
4564:
4560:
4552:
4543:
4531:
4527:
4511:
4504:
4488:
4481:
4473:
4469:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4434:
4430:
4422:
4418:
4402:
4398:
4390:
4377:
4369:
4365:
4357:
4353:
4345:
4341:
4333:
4329:
4317:
4313:
4305:
4301:
4293:
4289:
4281:
4262:
4254:
4250:
4238:
4234:
4226:
4222:
4214:
4210:
4198:
4194:
4182:
4178:
4170:
4157:
4149:
4145:
4133:
4129:
4117:
4113:
4101:
4097:
4085:
4081:
4069:
4065:
4055:
4053:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4027:
4010:
4002:
3998:
3986:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3958:
3954:
3942:
3938:
3926:
3922:
3910:
3906:
3894:
3890:
3878:
3874:
3858:
3854:
3846:
3842:
3834:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3800:
3791:
3787:
3775:
3771:
3763:
3752:
3740:
3736:
3724:
3720:
3712:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3688:
3684:
3676:
3672:
3664:
3657:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3621:
3617:
3609:, v. 626, 704;
3601:
3597:
3581:
3577:
3565:
3561:
3553:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3525:
3521:
3509:
3505:
3497:
3493:
3485:
3481:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3448:
3436:
3432:
3420:
3416:
3396:
3392:
3368:
3364:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3321:
3305:
3294:
3271:
3267:
3255:
3251:
3239:
3235:
3223:
3219:
3211:
3207:
3195:
3191:
3179:
3175:
3167:
3163:
3151:
3147:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3045:
3041:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3009:
3005:
3001:, p. 411).
2996:
2992:
2944:Anne of Bohemia
2915:and the motto "
2910:
2903:
2899:, p. 411).
2889:
2882:
2856:Prince of Wales
2838:
2834:
2830:
2766:
2748:began to call
2684:double entendre
2646:, in his plays
2626:Richard Grafton
2576:
2571:
2074:
2056:
2050:Roger Clarendon
1931:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1756:
1712:
1695:Good Parliament
1683:Pope Gregory XI
1656:
1515:
1282:
1270:Battle of Auray
1205:British Library
1197:
1179:. According to
1156:, and widow of
1134:
1104:
1095:
958:
861:
856:
823:Earl of Chester
815:
778:
754:John of Bohemia
719:Earl of Arundel
715:standard bearer
676:battle of Crécy
631:Telfair Museums
629:
611:
609:Battle of Crécy
606:
573:Prince of Wales
566:Pope Clement VI
442:Lord of Ireland
434:
386:Castro Urdiales
299:on a chevauchée
284:Battle of Crécy
273:Prince of Wales
191:
186:Roger Clarendon
163:
162:
154:
142:
138:
125:
119:
106:
93:
84:
82:British Library
55:
49:Prince of Wales
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8559:
8549:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8446:Basque history
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8406:
8405:
8398:
8395:
8394:
8385:
8383:
8381:
8380:
8378:(2022–present)
8372:
8364:
8356:
8348:
8340:
8332:
8324:
8316:
8308:
8300:
8292:
8284:
8276:
8268:
8260:
8252:
8244:
8236:
8228:
8220:
8212:
8204:
8196:
8187:
8184:
8183:
8176:
8175:
8168:
8161:
8153:
8144:
8143:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8070:
8068:
8064:
8063:
8061:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8029:
8027:
8020:
8014:
8013:
8010:
8009:
8007:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7975:
7973:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7934:
7932:
7925:
7921:
7920:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7891:Caroline phase
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7862:
7860:
7853:
7849:
7848:
7841:
7840:
7833:
7826:
7818:
7809:
7808:
7799:
7796:
7795:
7786:
7784:
7782:
7781:
7778:(2022–present)
7771:
7761:
7751:
7741:
7731:
7721:
7711:
7701:
7691:
7681:
7671:
7661:
7651:
7641:
7631:
7621:
7611:
7601:
7591:
7581:
7571:
7561:
7550:
7547:
7546:
7539:
7538:
7531:
7524:
7516:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7503:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7481:
7478:
7474:Illegitimate:
7471:
7470:
7464:
7463:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7440:
7439:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7432:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7410:
7409:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7402:
7399:
7394:
7390:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7352:Cecily of York
7349:
7344:
7338:
7337:
7330:
7327:
7326:
7314:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7306:
7300:
7299:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7276:
7275:
7272:
7271:
7269:
7268:
7262:
7261:
7254:
7251:
7250:
7238:
7237:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7230:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7157:
7152:
7145:
7142:
7141:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7121:
7118:
7117:Jane Northland
7115:
7111:Illegitimate:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7061:
7060:
7053:
7050:
7049:
7037:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7029:
7025:Illegitimate:
7022:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7000:
6999:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6917:
6916:
6911:
6904:
6901:
6900:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6854:
6853:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6830:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6819:
6818:Philip FitzRoy
6816:
6815:Isabel FitzRoy
6813:
6810:
6807:
6804:
6803:Osbert Gifford
6801:
6798:
6795:
6792:
6791:Oliver FitzRoy
6789:
6784:
6780:Illegitimate:
6777:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6750:
6749:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6714:Illegitimate:
6711:
6710:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6672:
6671:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6648:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6635:
6631:Illegitimate:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6562:
6561:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6529:Illegitimate:
6526:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6485:
6484:
6477:
6476:
6469:
6462:
6454:
6446:
6445:
6436:
6430:
6429:
6421:
6416:
6407:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6384:
6375:
6370:
6366:
6365:
6359:
6358:
6338:
6335:
6330:
6329:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6298:
6273:
6272:External links
6270:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6250:Witzel, Morgen
6246:
6220:
6194:
6178:
6159:
6141:
6119:
6094:
6061:Planché, J. R.
6057:
6037:
6028:
5991:
5954:
5936:Murimuth, Adam
5932:
5913:
5888:
5880:Twysden, Roger
5872:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5812:Le Prince Noir
5803:
5792:
5787:
5777:, Woodbridge:
5770:
5742:
5737:
5720:
5698:
5676:
5662:
5648:
5626:
5621:
5611:, ed. (1986),
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5579:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5529:
5501:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5474:
5462:
5449:
5427:
5407:
5402:978-1789015836
5401:
5388:
5376:
5367:
5355:
5339:
5334:
5321:
5287:
5279:Hearne, Thomas
5271:
5266:
5253:
5243:
5238:
5225:
5211:
5206:
5190:
5185:
5172:
5160:
5148:
5139:
5113:
5096:Barnes, Joshua
5092:
5087:
5071:
5059:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5005:, p. 243.
4995:
4983:
4973:The Holy State
4968:Fuller, Thomas
4959:
4957:, p. 567.
4947:
4935:
4923:
4911:
4899:
4895:Holinshed 1577
4887:
4875:
4863:
4847:
4845:, p. 228.
4835:
4823:
4802:
4781:
4779:, p. 387.
4769:
4757:
4741:
4722:
4710:
4708:, p. 524.
4698:
4696:, p. 101.
4673:
4661:
4645:
4629:
4613:
4590:
4574:
4558:
4556:, p. 100.
4541:
4525:
4502:
4479:
4467:
4444:
4428:
4426:, p. 398.
4416:
4396:
4375:
4363:
4351:
4339:
4327:
4311:
4299:
4287:
4260:
4248:
4232:
4220:
4208:
4192:
4176:
4155:
4143:
4127:
4111:
4095:
4079:
4063:
4033:
4008:
3996:
3980:
3968:
3952:
3936:
3920:
3904:
3902:, p. 564.
3888:
3872:
3852:
3840:
3819:
3807:
3785:
3769:
3750:
3748:, iii. 215 sq.
3734:
3718:
3706:
3694:
3682:
3670:
3655:
3643:
3631:
3615:
3613:, p. 468.
3595:
3575:
3559:
3547:
3535:
3519:
3503:
3491:
3479:
3463:
3446:
3430:
3428:, xxix, 32–59.
3414:
3390:
3362:
3346:
3334:
3319:
3317:, xxviii. 171.
3292:
3265:
3249:
3233:
3217:
3205:
3189:
3173:
3161:
3145:
3129:
3127:, p. 116.
3117:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3077:
3068:
3060:Trinity Sunday
3039:
3035:Cont. Eulogiim
3022:
3011:Jean Froissart
3003:
2990:
2901:
2895:, p. 73;
2880:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2800:
2795:
2785:
2765:
2762:
2710:Richard Barber
2679:
2678:
2675:
2612:John Warkworth
2575:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:Joan of Valois
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2015:
1997:Thomas Holland
1993:
1992:
1986:
1930:
1927:
1921:used by later
1838:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1786:
1711:
1708:
1655:
1652:
1639:Richard Barber
1514:
1511:
1281:
1278:
1196:
1193:
1181:Jean Froissart
1152:, daughter of
1140:, daughter of
1133:
1130:
1108:Reims campaign
1103:
1102:Reims campaign
1100:
1094:
1091:
957:
954:
893:, and part of
860:
857:
855:
852:
814:
811:
777:
774:
661:the engagement
610:
607:
605:
602:
557:City of London
492:, daughter of
452:, was born at
450:Queen Philippa
433:
430:
370:free companies
366:lord of Albret
313:. In 1356, on
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
193:
192:
190:
189:
183:
178:
172:
170:
156:
155:
140:
134:
133:
131:
127:
126:
120:
116:
112:
111:
103:
99:
98:
90:
86:
85:
69:
61:
60:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8558:
8547:
8546:Sons of kings
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8418:
8416:
8403:
8402:
8396:
8379:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8343:Albert Edward
8341:
8339:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8314:(1688–1701/2)
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8189:
8188:
8185:
8181:
8174:
8169:
8167:
8162:
8160:
8155:
8154:
8151:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8069:
8065:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8030:
8028:
8024:
8021:
8015:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7970:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7948:John of Gaunt
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7929:
7926:
7922:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7863:
7861:
7857:
7854:
7850:
7846:
7839:
7834:
7832:
7827:
7825:
7820:
7819:
7816:
7806:
7802:
7797:
7790:
7779:
7776:
7772:
7769:
7766:
7762:
7759:
7756:
7752:
7749:
7746:
7742:
7739:
7736:
7735:Albert Edward
7732:
7729:
7726:
7722:
7719:
7716:
7712:
7709:
7706:
7702:
7699:
7696:
7692:
7689:
7686:
7682:
7679:
7676:
7672:
7669:
7666:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7652:
7649:
7646:
7642:
7639:
7636:
7632:
7629:
7626:
7622:
7619:
7616:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7602:
7599:
7596:
7592:
7589:
7586:
7582:
7579:
7576:
7572:
7569:
7566:
7562:
7559:
7556:
7552:
7551:
7548:
7544:
7537:
7532:
7530:
7525:
7523:
7518:
7517:
7514:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7495:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7473:
7472:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7462:
7458:
7457:
7454:
7450:
7445:
7441:
7431:
7428:
7427:
7424:
7420:
7415:
7411:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7336:
7332:
7331:
7328:
7324:
7319:
7315:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7294:
7293:
7290:
7286:
7281:
7277:
7267:
7264:
7263:
7260:
7256:
7255:
7252:
7248:
7243:
7239:
7228:
7227:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7186:Mary de Bohun
7183:
7182:
7179:
7175:
7170:
7166:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7147:
7146:
7143:
7139:
7134:
7130:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7110:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7059:
7055:
7054:
7051:
7047:
7042:
7038:
7028:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6998:
6994:
6993:
6990:
6986:
6981:
6977:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6918:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6906:
6905:
6902:
6898:
6893:
6889:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6840:
6835:
6831:
6820:
6817:
6814:
6811:
6808:
6806:Eudes FitzRoy
6805:
6802:
6800:Henry FitzRoy
6799:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6779:
6778:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6748:
6744:
6743:
6740:
6736:
6731:
6727:
6717:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6705:
6704:
6701:
6697:
6692:
6688:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6670:
6666:
6665:
6662:
6658:
6653:
6649:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6629:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6567:
6563:
6556:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6536:Emma of Anjou
6534:
6532:
6528:
6527:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6495:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6475:
6470:
6468:
6463:
6461:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6442:
6441:
6435:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6412:
6406:
6405:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6373:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6355:
6348:
6343:
6342:
6333:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6310:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6295:
6290:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6276:
6275:
6265:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6235:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6221:
6209:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6167:
6166:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6145:Rymer, Thomas
6142:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6120:
6109:
6108:Thomas Hearne
6105:
6104:
6099:
6095:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6038:
6034:
6029:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5933:
5921:
5920:
5914:
5910:
5904:
5896:
5895:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5851:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5826:
5825:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5793:
5790:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5743:
5740:
5734:
5729:
5728:
5721:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5699:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5649:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5580:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5530:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5491:Other sources
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5442:
5435:
5434:
5428:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5404:
5398:
5394:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5368:
5365:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5340:
5337:
5331:
5327:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5269:
5263:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5241:
5235:
5231:
5226:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5212:
5209:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5182:
5178:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5145:
5140:
5136:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5103:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5063:Ascham, Roger
5060:
5057:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5024:public domain
5016:
5015:
5004:
4999:
4993:, p. 363
4992:
4987:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4963:
4956:
4951:
4945:, p. 57.
4944:
4939:
4932:
4927:
4920:
4915:
4909:, p. 15.
4908:
4903:
4896:
4891:
4884:
4879:
4873:, p. 40.
4872:
4867:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4844:
4839:
4832:
4827:
4821:, p. 64.
4820:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4800:, p. 21.
4799:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4778:
4773:
4767:, p. 95.
4766:
4761:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4726:
4719:
4714:
4707:
4702:
4695:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4670:
4665:
4658:
4654:
4649:
4642:
4641:Chron. Angliæ
4638:
4633:
4626:
4625:Chron. Angliæ
4622:
4617:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4571:
4567:
4562:
4555:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4507:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4484:
4476:
4471:
4463:
4462:
4456:
4448:
4441:
4437:
4432:
4425:
4420:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4400:
4394:, p. 99.
4393:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4372:
4367:
4360:
4355:
4348:
4343:
4336:
4331:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4308:
4303:
4296:
4291:
4285:, p. 98.
4284:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4257:
4252:
4245:
4241:
4236:
4229:
4224:
4217:
4212:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4190:iii. 799–807.
4189:
4185:
4180:
4174:, p. 97.
4173:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4152:
4147:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4031:, p. 96.
4030:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4005:
4000:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3977:
3972:
3965:
3962:, p. 95
3961:
3956:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3886:, vii. c. 66.
3885:
3881:
3876:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3849:
3844:
3838:, p. 95.
3837:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3816:
3811:
3805:, vii. c. 16.
3802:MATT. VILLANI
3798:
3794:
3789:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3767:, p. 94.
3766:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3747:
3743:
3738:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3715:
3710:
3703:
3698:
3691:
3686:
3679:
3674:
3667:
3662:
3660:
3652:
3647:
3640:
3635:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3556:
3551:
3544:
3539:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3488:
3483:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3461:, p. 92.
3460:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3344:, p. 67.
3343:
3338:
3332:, p. 91.
3331:
3326:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3263:, iii. p. 84.
3262:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3242:
3237:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3214:
3209:
3203:, ii. p. 919.
3202:
3198:
3193:
3187:, ii. p. 880.
3186:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3165:
3159:, ii. p. 822.
3158:
3154:
3149:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3081:
3072:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3052:Polychronicon
3049:
3043:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3012:
3007:
3000:
2994:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2898:
2897:MacNalty 1955
2894:
2887:
2885:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2742:Thomas Fuller
2739:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2660:Joshua Barnes
2657:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2580:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:John of Gaunt
2023:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:John of Gaunt
1890:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1823:
1807:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1720:
1719:Edward's tomb
1716:
1707:
1705:
1704:Richard Lyons
1700:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1574:John of Gaunt
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:John Harewell
1538:
1536:
1532:
1531:Saint-Émilion
1526:
1522:
1520:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:Hugh Calveley
1277:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1032:Châtellerault
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
984:
980:
972:
971:
966:
962:
953:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
932:
928:
924:
923:Castelnaudary
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
879:
875:
870:
866:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
828:
824:
820:
810:
808:
804:
801:. During the
800:
796:
795:John of Gaunt
792:
788:
783:
773:
771:
766:
762:
757:
755:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
655:
651:
647:
643:
636:
632:
627:
623:
619:
615:
601:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
534:Walter Burley
531:
526:
523:
519:
515:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
451:
447:
444:and ruler of
443:
439:
429:
427:
423:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
317:, he ravaged
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:Castelnaudary
300:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
265:
264:of his age.
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:heir apparent
235:
231:
223:
220:
216:
213:
210:
206:
203:
200:
198:
194:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
171:
168:
167:
161:
157:
137:
132:
128:
123:
117:
113:
109:
104:
100:
96:
91:
87:
83:
79:
78:
73:
67:
62:
59:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
8399:
8377:
8369:
8361:
8353:
8345:
8337:
8329:
8321:
8313:
8305:
8297:
8289:
8281:
8273:
8265:
8257:
8249:
8241:
8233:
8225:
8217:
8209:
8201:
8193:
8190:
7942:
7800:
7777:
7767:
7757:
7747:
7737:
7727:
7717:
7707:
7697:
7687:
7677:
7667:
7657:
7647:
7637:
7627:
7617:
7607:
7597:
7587:
7577:
7567:
7564:
7557:
7461:Anne Neville
7429:
7347:Mary of York
7064:
6812:Maud FitzRoy
6797:John FitzRoy
6438:
6433:
6424:
6418:
6409:
6402:
6396:
6377:
6353:
6349:15 June 1330
6346:
6339:
6306:
6293:
6253:
6238:. Retrieved
6234:Rolls Series
6228:
6212:. Retrieved
6208:Rolls Series
6202:
6189:
6170:. Retrieved
6164:
6149:
6133:. Retrieved
6127:
6111:. Retrieved
6102:
6086:. Retrieved
6074:
6070:Archaeologia
6068:
6045:
6041:
6032:
6020:. Retrieved
6008:
6004:Archaeologia
6002:
5983:. Retrieved
5971:
5967:Archaeologia
5965:
5946:. Retrieved
5940:
5924:. Retrieved
5918:
5893:
5883:
5864:. Retrieved
5858:
5854:Jehan Le Bel
5839:. Retrieved
5833:
5817:. Retrieved
5811:
5797:
5774:
5750:
5746:
5726:
5712:. Retrieved
5706:
5690:. Retrieved
5684:
5670:
5656:
5640:. Retrieved
5634:
5612:
5588:
5571:. Retrieved
5565:
5546:. Retrieved
5541:
5537:
5521:. Retrieved
5516:
5512:
5481:
5478:Weir, Alison
5469:
5466:Weir, Alison
5455:the original
5432:
5419:, retrieved
5415:
5392:
5383:
5371:
5359:
5349:
5344:
5325:
5291:
5282:
5275:Leland, John
5257:
5247:
5229:
5219:
5197:
5194:Harvey, John
5176:
5167:
5152:
5143:
5117:
5101:
5078:
5066:
5051:
5037:
4998:
4986:
4972:
4962:
4950:
4943:Hoskins 2011
4938:
4926:
4914:
4902:
4890:
4883:Grafton 1569
4878:
4866:
4850:
4838:
4826:
4819:Redlich 2009
4777:Costain 1962
4772:
4760:
4752:
4744:
4737:
4733:
4725:
4713:
4701:
4664:
4656:
4648:
4640:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4602:
4593:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4528:
4520:
4516:
4497:
4493:
4470:
4459:
4447:
4439:
4431:
4419:
4411:
4407:
4399:
4366:
4354:
4342:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4302:
4290:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4223:
4211:
4206:iii. p. 787.
4203:
4195:
4187:
4179:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4066:
4056:13 September
4054:. Retrieved
4050:the original
4045:
4036:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3863:
3855:
3843:
3810:
3796:
3788:
3780:
3772:
3745:
3737:
3730:Archæologia,
3729:
3721:
3709:
3697:
3685:
3673:
3646:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3578:
3573:, iv. p. 82.
3562:
3550:
3538:
3533:, xxxii. 69.
3530:
3522:
3517:, xxxi. 381.
3514:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3444:, xxxi. 361.
3441:
3433:
3425:
3417:
3412:, pp. 65–67.
3409:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3337:
3314:
3310:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3120:
3108:
3092:Siddons 2009
3085:
3080:
3071:
3042:
3037:, iii. 337).
3034:
3025:
3006:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2871:
2863:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2805:Black Prince
2804:
2754:Black-Prince
2753:
2749:
2745:
2733:
2730:L'Homme Noir
2729:
2722:
2714:in pageantry
2705:
2691:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2669:
2663:
2653:
2647:
2637:
2629:
2619:
2616:Roger Ascham
2607:
2599:
2585:
2308:
2062:
2043:
2039:natural sons
2036:
2008:Joan Holland
1994:
1974:
1951:
1916:
1908:coat of arms
1884:
1882:
1877:
1869:
1868:. Mantling:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1840:
1787:
1780:achievements
1765:Holy Trinity
1750:
1739:
1727:
1692:
1676:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1642:
1632:
1629:William Hunt
1626:
1618:
1579:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1539:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1499:
1495:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1452:
1440:
1429:
1386:
1382:
1378:Roncesvalles
1355:Roncesvalles
1344:
1336:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1283:
1274:
1263:
1252:
1237:
1226:
1214:
1135:
1121:Walter Manny
1105:
1096:
1083:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1040:
1028:
1012:
1008:
977:crossed the
975:
968:
935:
862:
816:
785:embarked at
779:
758:
750:
723:
704:
696:John Chandos
673:
669:Blanchetaque
639:
617:
581:burgomasters
570:
546:
527:
510:
483:
435:
418:
384:to mortgage
347:
281:
266:
233:
229:
228:
164:
136:Joan of Kent
92:15 June 1330
75:
70:Edward as a
47:
36:
8431:1376 deaths
8426:1330 births
8370:(1952–2022)
8362:(1910–1936)
8354:(1901–1910)
8346:(1841–1901)
8338:(1762–1820)
8330:(1727–1751)
8322:(1714–1727)
8306:(1630–1649)
8298:(1612–1625)
8290:(1603–1612)
8282:(1537–1547)
8266:(1502–1509)
8258:(1486–1502)
8250:(1483–1484)
8242:(1470–1483)
8226:(1453–1471)
8218:(1421–1422)
8210:(1399–1413)
8202:(1376–1377)
8194:(1337–1376)
8038:Chevauchées
8004:Joan of Arc
7999:Charles VII
7768:(1958–2022)
7758:(1910–1936)
7748:(1901–1910)
7738:(1841–1901)
7728:(1762–1820)
7718:(1751–1760)
7708:(1728–1751)
7698:(1714–1727)
7678:(1641–1649)
7668:(1616–1625)
7658:(1610–1612)
7648:(1537–1547)
7638:(1504–1509)
7628:(1489–1502)
7618:(1483–1484)
7608:(1471–1483)
7598:(1454–1471)
7588:(1399–1413)
7578:(1376–1377)
7568:(1343–1376)
7558:(1301–1307)
7120:Joan Skerne
6356:8 June 1376
5421:10 November
5380:Speed, John
5283:Collectanea
5012:Works cited
5003:Barber 1978
4991:Barnes 1688
4919:Barber 1978
4907:Harvey 1976
4871:Ascham 1545
4859:Leland 1774
4855:Barber 1978
4533:Barber 2008
4424:Johnes 1848
4325:, iii. 825.
4109:, iii. 779.
4077:, iii. 667.
3994:, iii. 626.
3918:, iii, 445.
3900:Barnes 1688
3666:Taylor 2018
3611:Barnes 1688
3531:Archæologia
3515:Archæologia
3475:Archæologia
3442:Archæologia
3426:Archæologia
3342:Barber 1978
3125:Wagner 2006
3113:Barber 2008
3018: 1405
2999:Johnes 1848
2702:John Harvey
2690:The black (
2595:John Leland
2057: 1352
1942:Montpensier
1938:Signet ring
1872:. Edward's
1860:(England);
1453:Before the
1393:Salvatierra
1222:La Rochelle
1218:Berkhamsted
1174:Simon Islip
967:, from the
937:Carcassonne
915:Montgiscard
836:trailbaston
307:Carcassonne
202:Plantagenet
8415:Categories
7994:Charles VI
7938:Edward III
6444:1337–1376
6415:1343–1376
6389:Edward III
6383:1362–1372
6372:Edward III
6153:. London:
6123:Stow, John
6048:: 59–114,
5671:Chroniques
5657:Chroniques
5585:Edward III
5137:required.)
5067:Toxophilus
4955:Speed 1611
4931:Green 2007
4718:Velde 2013
4706:Jones 2014
4611:, iii. 47.
4609:Const Hist
4607:; Hallam,
4537:Jones 2017
4414:., Buchon.
4246:, vii. 10.
4125:, vi. 183.
3607:Monasticon
3593:, ii. 112.
3591:Royal Navy
3386:Sloane MS.
3378:Sloane MS.
3358:Sloane MS.
3286:Rot. Parl.
3101:References
2970: [
2893:Green 2007
2810:Royal Navy
2758:Richard II
2738:John Speed
2649:Richard II
2639:Chronicles
2621:Toxophilus
1679:Whitsunday
1491:Valladolid
1036:Pont-de-Cé
1004:Romorantin
931:châtelaine
848:Vale Royal
787:Winchelsea
646:knighthood
410:hearth tax
382:covenanted
362:suzerainty
246:Richard II
8327:Frederick
8048:Jacquerie
7989:Charles V
7979:Philip VI
7705:Frederick
7323:Edward IV
6434:New title
6186:"Istorie"
5831:(1836) .
5767:155063563
5753:: 34–51,
5707:Chronique
5498:Sloane MS
5416:Heraldica
4831:Weir 1999
4765:Weir 2008
4749:Hunt 1889
4738:Froissart
4730:Hunt 1889
4694:Hunt 1889
4669:Hunt 1889
4657:Froissart
4653:Hunt 1889
4637:Hunt 1889
4621:Hunt 1889
4605:. ii. 310
4603:Rot. Parl
4598:Hunt 1889
4586:Concilia,
4582:Hunt 1889
4572:iii. 967.
4566:Hunt 1889
4554:Hunt 1889
4517:Froissart
4513:Hunt 1889
4494:Froissart
4490:Hunt 1889
4475:Hunt 1889
4440:Froissart
4436:Hunt 1889
4410:, i. 548
4408:Froissart
4404:Hunt 1889
4392:Hunt 1889
4371:Hunt 1889
4359:Hunt 1889
4347:Hunt 1889
4335:Hunt 1889
4319:Hunt 1889
4307:Hunt 1889
4295:Hunt 1889
4283:Hunt 1889
4256:Hunt 1889
4244:Froissart
4240:Hunt 1889
4228:Hunt 1889
4216:Hunt 1889
4200:Hunt 1889
4184:Hunt 1889
4172:Hunt 1889
4151:Hunt 1889
4141:iii. 754.
4135:Hunt 1889
4123:Froissart
4119:Hunt 1889
4103:Hunt 1889
4093:, vi. 82.
4091:Froissart
4087:Hunt 1889
4071:Hunt 1889
4029:Hunt 1889
4004:Hunt 1889
3988:Hunt 1889
3976:Hunt 1889
3966:, vi. 24.
3964:Froissart
3960:Hunt 1889
3944:Hunt 1889
3928:Hunt 1889
3912:Hunt 1889
3896:Hunt 1889
3880:Hunt 1889
3860:Hunt 1889
3848:Hunt 1889
3836:Hunt 1889
3815:Hunt 1889
3799:, v. 29;
3797:Froissart
3793:Hunt 1889
3777:Hunt 1889
3765:Hunt 1889
3742:Hunt 1889
3726:Hunt 1889
3714:Hunt 1889
3702:Hunt 1889
3690:Hunt 1889
3678:Hunt 1889
3651:Hunt 1889
3639:Hunt 1889
3623:Hunt 1889
3603:Hunt 1889
3587:Froissart
3583:Hunt 1889
3571:Froissart
3567:Hunt 1889
3555:Hunt 1889
3543:Hunt 1889
3527:Hunt 1889
3511:Hunt 1889
3499:Hunt 1889
3487:Hunt 1889
3471:Hunt 1889
3459:Hunt 1889
3438:Hunt 1889
3422:Hunt 1889
3398:Hunt 1889
3370:Hunt 1889
3354:Hunt 1889
3330:Hunt 1889
3307:Hunt 1889
3273:Hunt 1889
3257:Hunt 1889
3241:Hunt 1889
3225:Hunt 1889
3213:Hunt 1889
3197:Hunt 1889
3181:Hunt 1889
3169:Hunt 1889
3153:Hunt 1889
3137:Hunt 1889
3064:Hunt 1889
3031:Hunt 1889
2986:Galatians
2968:ich diene
2868:Hunt 1889
2864:Edward IV
2848:Chronicle
2844:Hunt 1889
2792:Churchill
2752:, or the
2718:Edward IV
2628:, in his
2592:antiquary
2588:sobriquet
1864:. Crest:
1767:with his
1730:dysentery
1554:Comminges
1417:Zaldiaran
1307:Capbreton
1233:Angoulême
1229:Saintonge
1209:shelfmark
1075:bannerets
1020:Chauvigny
919:Avignonet
911:Lauragais
895:Comminges
865:Aquitaine
859:Aquitaine
726:Wadicourt
654:taking of
650:Quettehou
644:received
642:La Hougue
454:Woodstock
422:dysentery
305:, sacked
296:Aquitaine
279:in 1346.
277:La Hougue
53:Aquitaine
7801:See also
7501:Category
7419:Edward V
7357:Edward V
6240:17 March
6214:17 March
6184:(1729).
6172:18 March
6135:18 March
6131:. London
6125:(1603).
6113:17 March
6100:(1720).
6088:18 March
6063:(1847).
6022:18 March
5997:(1846).
5985:18 March
5960:(1843).
5948:17 March
5926:17 March
5903:citation
5866:18 March
5841:18 March
5819:18 March
5714:18 March
5692:18 March
5642:18 March
5632:(1740).
5573:18 March
5548:18 March
5523:18 March
5519:: 59–120
5480:(2008),
5468:(1999),
5441:Westport
5382:(1611),
5318:13230513
5292:Br Med J
5277:(1774),
5217:(1577),
5196:(1976),
5166:(1569),
5098:(1688).
5077:(1978),
5065:(1545),
4970:(1642).
4755:, p, 419
4588:iii. 91.
3864:Eulogium
3746:Eulogium
3283:i. 119;
3087:ich dien
3013:(1337 –
2988:, iv. 1.
2978:Ich dien
2964:Ich dien
2956:Remaines
2917:Ich dien
2872:Eulogium
2764:See also
2750:Le Neoir
2604:cognomen
2590:was the
2072:Ancestry
1966:Edward I
1948:, Paris.
1889:jousting
1842:ich dien
1761:his tomb
1586:La Reole
1550:Périgord
1502:Bagnères
1363:Pamplona
1359:Pyrenees
1357:(in the
1353:through
1150:Margaret
1146:Edward I
1043:Miausson
992:Chartres
988:Issoudun
983:Bergerac
979:Dordogne
945:Narbonne
903:Toulouse
887:Armagnac
882:Bordeaux
844:Edward I
819:Cheshire
791:La Cerda
772:(1348).
734:Ponthieu
498:nobility
388:and the
339:Poitiers
323:Limousin
319:Auvergne
311:Narbonne
258:chivalry
240:of King
8375:William
8367:Charles
8303:Charles
8295:Charles
8231:Richard
8199:Richard
8067:Battles
8033:Battles
8026:General
7984:John II
7953:Henry V
7931:English
7924:Leaders
7859:General
7775:William
7765:Charles
7675:Charles
7665:Charles
7184:Wives:
7148:Wives:
6907:Wives:
6320:at the
5882:(ed.).
5544:: 76–91
5309:2061131
5281:(ed.),
5157:398–411
5036:(ed.),
5026::
4734:Eulogia
4570:Fœdera,
4204:Fœdera,
4188:Fœdera,
4139:Fœdera,
3884:Villani
3783:, p. 7.
3402:Barante
3288:ii. 163
2962:" and "
2960:Houmout
2891:these.(
2734:Henry V
2655:Henry V
2618:in his
1989:Richard
1952:Edward
1735:Richard
1672:Thouars
1654:England
1615:in 1370
1460:pressed
1425:Logroño
1397:Vitoria
1340:Richard
1303:Bayonne
1299:Corunna
1240:Guyenne
1170:Windsor
1087:hackney
1059:Dauphin
1000:Vierzon
929:. Its
927:Montgey
899:Garonne
891:Astarac
831:Chester
765:harried
742:Alençon
730:Alençon
684:Warwick
659:and in
446:Gascony
426:surcoat
412:of ten
406:estates
394:Navarre
358:Gascony
331:Bourges
262:knights
166:more...
153:
141:
8359:Edward
8351:George
8335:George
8319:George
8279:Edward
8274:(1511)
8255:Arthur
8247:Edward
8239:Edward
8223:Edward
8191:Edward
8019:events
7972:French
7852:Phases
7755:Edward
7745:George
7725:George
7715:George
7695:George
7688:(1688)
7645:Edward
7625:Arthur
7605:Edward
7459:Wife:
7333:Wife:
7295:Wife:
7257:Wife:
7056:Wife:
6995:Wife:
6849:Wife:
6745:Wife:
6706:Wife:
6667:Wife:
6581:Wife:
6504:Wife:
6419:Vacant
6397:Vacant
6352:
6260:
6150:Fœdera
5785:
5765:
5735:
5619:
5447:
5399:
5332:
5316:
5306:
5264:
5236:
5204:
5183:
5131:
5085:
5032:", in
4535:; and
4323:Fœdera
4107:Fœdera
4075:Fœdera
3992:Fœdera
3932:Fœdera
3916:Fœdera
3868:Fœdera
3627:Fœdera
3376:,' in
3277:Fœdera
3261:Fœdera
3245:Fœdera
3229:Fœdera
3201:Fœdera
3185:Fœdera
3157:Fœdera
3141:Fœdera
3048:Caxton
2982:Ic die
2928:Medica
2850:) was
2808:, for
2778:spinel
2746:French
1946:Louvre
1929:Family
1897:ermine
1852:Arms:
1845:motto.
1757:
1598:Cognac
1594:Quercy
1552:, and
1535:fouage
1479:Burgos
1436:Nájera
1415:, and
1401:Burgos
1389:Arruiz
1162:Thomas
1148:, and
1024:Vienne
1016:Loches
949:Trèbes
947:) and
941:Ourmes
713:, his
694:, Sir
690:, Sir
688:Oxford
589:Bruges
551:, the
448:, and
325:, and
218:Mother
208:Father
188:(ill.)
147:
130:Spouse
124:, Kent
115:Burial
8311:James
8271:Henry
8263:Henry
8215:Henry
8207:Henry
8017:Major
7685:James
7635:Henry
6921:Henry
6354:Died:
6347:Born:
5763:S2CID
5458:(PDF)
5437:(PDF)
5348:[
2828:Notes
2693:sable
1755:on 29
1710:Death
1546:Niort
1421:Álava
1361:) to
996:Loire
746:Blois
707:spurs
680:Crécy
593:Ypres
585:Ghent
577:Sluys
471:marks
327:Berry
197:House
160:Issue
151:)
143:(
139:
7027:Adam
6258:ISBN
6242:2020
6216:2020
6174:2020
6137:2020
6115:2020
6090:2018
6024:2018
5987:2018
5950:2020
5928:2020
5909:link
5868:2020
5843:2020
5821:2020
5783:ISBN
5733:ISBN
5716:2020
5694:2020
5644:2020
5617:ISBN
5575:2020
5550:2020
5525:2020
5445:ISBN
5423:2017
5397:ISBN
5330:ISBN
5314:PMID
5262:ISBN
5234:ISBN
5202:ISBN
5181:ISBN
5108:EEBO
5083:ISBN
4521:Cont
4498:Cont
4058:2021
3084:The
2803:HMS
2523:15.
2465:14.
2403:13.
2345:12.
2281:11.
2223:10.
2048:Sir
1906:The
1611:The
1413:Ebro
921:and
744:and
732:and
686:and
657:Caen
591:and
414:sous
376:and
356:and
149:1361
102:Died
89:Born
51:and
6305:".
6079:doi
6050:doi
6013:doi
5976:doi
5755:doi
5587:".
5364:228
5304:PMC
5296:doi
5124:doi
4978:342
2973:sic
2662:'s
2491:7.
2429:3.
2371:6.
2307:1.
2249:5.
2187:2.
2161:9.
2129:4.
2103:8.
1721:in
1391:to
1369:).
1347:Dax
1116:Rye
981:at
620:by
583:of
536:of
8417::
7803::
6292:.
6232:.
6206:.
6075:32
6073:.
6067:.
6046:50
6044:,
6009:31
6007:.
6001:.
5972:29
5970:.
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5905:}}
5901:{{
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1956:,
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1224:.
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1065:.
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633:,
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440:,
321:,
248:,
145:m.
80:,
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7837:e
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7823:v
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