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including effects on hearing, lifestyle, health, and emotional functioning. A broader assessment of general functioning, such as levels of anxiety, depression, stress, life stressors, and sleep difficulties, is also important in the assessment of tinnitus due to higher risk of negative well-being across these areas, which may be affected by or exacerbate the tinnitus symptoms. Current assessment measures aim to identify levels of distress and interference, coping responses, and perceptions of tinnitus to inform treatment and monitor progress. However, wide variability, inconsistencies, and lack of consensus regarding assessment methodology are evidenced in the literature, limiting comparison of treatment effectiveness. Developed to guide diagnosis or classify severity, most tinnitus questionnaires have been shown to be treatment-sensitive outcome measures.
1000:, a frequent accompaniment of tinnitus, may also be made. Hyperacusis is related to negative reactions to sound and can take many forms. One parameter that can be measured is Loudness Discomfort Level (LDL) in dB, the subjective level of acute discomfort at specified frequencies over the frequency range of hearing. This defines a dynamic range between the hearing threshold at that frequency and the loudness discomfort level. A compressed dynamic range over a particular frequency range can be associated with hyperacusis. Normal hearing threshold is generally defined as 0–20 decibels (dB). Normal loudness discomfort levels are 85–90+ dB, with some authorities citing 100 dB. A dynamic range of 55 dB or less is indicative of hyperacusis.
8462:
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and their complaints may not be taken seriously. Among those who do complain, there is an increased likelihood of associated otological or neurological pathology such as migraine, juvenile
Meniere's disease, or chronic suppurative otitis media. Its reported prevalence varies from 12 to 36% in children with normal hearing thresholds, and up to 66% in children with a hearing loss. Approximately 3–10% of children have been reported to be troubled by tinnitus.
1046:
8491:
1313:
1225:(FDA) approved Neuromod's Lenire device as a treatment option for tinnitus. In June 2024, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) announced it would begin offering the treatment to veterans with tinnitus, making it the first bimodal neuromodulation device to be awarded a Federal Supply Schedule (FSS) contract from the US Government.
762:, is characterized by hearing the sounds of one's own muscle contractions or pulse, typically a result of sounds that have been created by the movement of jaw muscles or sounds related to blood flow in the neck or face. It is sometimes caused by an involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles (
772:—faint high-frequency tones that are produced in the inner ear and can be measured in the ear canal with a sensitive microphone—may also cause tinnitus. About 8% of those with SOAEs and tinnitus have SOAE-linked tinnitus, while the percentage of all cases of tinnitus caused by SOAEs is estimated at 4%.
1068:
Certain groups are advised to wear ear plugs to avoid the risk of tinnitus, such as that caused by overexposure to loud noises like wind noise for motorcycle riders. This includes military personnel, musicians, DJs, agricultural workers, and construction workers as people in those occupations are at
1300:
Tinnitus is commonly thought of as a symptom of adulthood, and is often overlooked in children. Children with hearing loss have a high incidence of pediatric tinnitus, even though they do not express the condition or its effect on their lives. Children do not generally report tinnitus spontaneously
780:
Children may be subject to pulsatile or continuous tinnitus, involving anomalies and variants of the vascular parts affecting the middle/inner ear structures. CT scans may be used to check the integrity of the structures, and MR scans can evaluate nerves and potential masses or malformations. Early
4650:
Meikle MB, Henry JA, Griest SE, Stewart BJ, Abrams HB, McArdle R, Myers PJ, Newman CW, Sandridge S, Turk DC, Folmer RL, Frederick EJ, House JW, Jacobson GP, Kinney SE, Martin WH, Nagler SM, Reich GE, Searchfield G, Sweetow R, Vernon JA (March 2012). "The
Tinnitus Functional Index: Development of a
1064:
or other measures can help with prevention. Employers may use hearing loss prevention programs to help educate and prevent dangerous levels of exposure to noise. Government organizations set regulations to ensure employees, if following the protocol, should have minimal risk to permanent damage to
4557:
Langguth B, Goodey R, Azevedo A, Bjorne A, Cacace A, Crocetti A, Del Bo L, De Ridder D, Diges I, Elbert T, Flor H, Herraiz C, Ganz
Sanchez T, Eichhammer P, Figueiredo R, Hajak G, Kleinjung T, Landgrebe M, Londero A, Lainez M, Mazzoli M, Meikle M, Melcher J, Rauschecker J, Sand P, Struve M, Van De
984:
Acoustic qualification of tinnitus includes measurement of several acoustic parameters like frequency in cases of monotone tinnitus or frequency range and bandwidth in cases of narrow band noise tinnitus, loudness in dB above hearing threshold at the indicated frequency, mixing-point, and minimum
485:
response of neurons in the central auditory system, causing tinnitus. When some frequencies of sound are lost to hearing loss, the auditory system compensates by amplifying those frequencies, eventually producing sound sensations at those frequencies constantly even when there is no corresponding
1265:
supplements to relieve symptoms of tinnitus, and reported that evidence for the efficacy of many dietary supplements (such as lipoflavonoids, garlic, traditional
Chinese/Korean herbal medicine, honeybee larvae, and various other vitamins and minerals, as well as homeopathic preparations) did not
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In 2020, information about clinical trials indicated that bimodal neuromodulation may reduce the symptoms of tinnitus. It is a noninvasive technique that involves applying an electrical stimulus to the tongue while also administering sounds. Equipment associated with the treatments is available
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is another sound-based intervention. Its protocol follows the principle of systematic desensitization and involves a structured rehabilitation program lasting 12 months. Neuromonics therapy employs customized sound signals delivered through a device worn by the patient, which aims to target the
1036:
Other potential sources of the sounds normally associated with tinnitus should be ruled out. For instance, two recognized sources of high-pitched sounds might be electromagnetic fields common in modern wiring and various sound signal transmissions. A common and often misdiagnosed condition that
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One definition of tinnitus, in contrast to normal ear noise experience, is that tinnitus lasts five minutes at least twice a week. However, people with tinnitus often experience the noise more frequently than this. Tinnitus can be present constantly or intermittently. Some people with constant
368:
Measures to prevent tinnitus include avoiding chronic or extended exposure to loud noise, and limiting exposure to ototoxic drugs and substances. If there is an underlying cause, treating that cause may lead to improvements. Otherwise, typically, tinnitus management involves psychoeducation or
430:
Commonly tinnitus is classified into "subjective and objective tinnitus". Tinnitus is usually subjective, meaning that the sounds the person hears are not detectable by means currently available to physicians and hearing technicians. Subjective tinnitus has also been called "tinnitus aurium",
1011:
Assessment of psychological processes related to tinnitus involves measurement of tinnitus severity and distress, as measured subjectively by validated self-report tinnitus questionnaires. Such questionnaires measure the degree of psychological distress and handicap associated with tinnitus,
259:
is a variety of sound that is heard when no corresponding external sound is present. Nearly everyone experiences faint "normal tinnitus" in a completely quiet room; but it is of concern only if it is bothersome, interferes with normal hearing, or is associated with other problems. The word
413:
Although it is an annoying condition to which most people adapt, persistent tinnitus may cause anxiety and depression in some people. Tinnitus annoyance is more strongly associated with the psychological condition of the person than the loudness or frequency range of the perceived sound.
958:
Evaluation of tinnitus can include a hearing test (audiogram), measurement of acoustic parameters of the tinnitus like pitch and loudness, and psychological assessment of comorbid conditions like depression, anxiety, and stress that are associated with severity of the tinnitus.
1141:
may help the brain ignore the specific tinnitus frequency. Although these methods are poorly supported by evidence, there are no negative effects. There are several approaches for tinnitus sound therapy. The first is sound modification to compensate for the individual's
511:
drugs also may cause subjective tinnitus, as they may cause hearing loss, or increase the damage done by exposure to loud noise. This damage may occur even at doses not considered ototoxic. More than 260 medications have been reported to cause tinnitus as a side effect.
4521:
McCombe A, Baguley D, Coles R, McKenna L, McKinney C, Windle-Taylor P (October 2001). "Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity: the results of a working group commissioned by the
British Association of Otolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons, 1999".
421:
Psychological research has focused on the tinnitus distress reaction to account for differences in tinnitus severity. The research indicates that conditioning at the initial perception of tinnitus linked it with negative emotions, such as fear and anxiety.
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There are presently no FDA-approved drugs specifically for tinnitus, and no medications that have been shown to reverse the neural hyperactivity at the root of tinnitus. Drugs cannot cure tinnitus, but they may provide relief from some severe tinnitus
1076:
effects, which can have a cumulative effect that increases the damage done by noise. If ototoxic medications must be administered, close attention by the physician to prescription details, such as dose and dosage interval, can reduce the damage done.
992:
Another relevant parameter of tinnitus is residual inhibition: the temporary suppression or disappearance of tinnitus following a period of masking. The degree of residual inhibition may indicate how effective tinnitus maskers would be as treatment.
4485:
Pienkowski M, Tyler RS, Roncancio ER, Jun HJ, Brozoski T, Dauman N, Coelho CB, Andersson G, Keiner AJ, Cacace AT, Martin N, Moore BC (December 2014). "A Review of
Hyperacusis and Future Directions: Part II. Measurement, Mechanisms, and Treatment".
4414:
Tyler RS, Pienkowski M, Roncancio ER, Jun HJ, Brozoski T, Dauman N, Coelho CB, Andersson G, Keiner AJ, Cacace AT, Martin N, Moore BC (December 2014). "A Review of
Hyperacusis and Future Directions: Part I. Definitions and Manifestations".
1287:
Tinnitus affects 10–15% of people. About a third of North
Americans over 55 experience it. It affects one third of adults at some time in their lives, whereas 10–15% are disturbed enough to seek medical evaluation. 70 million people in
927:
Tinnitus may be caused by increased neural activity in the auditory brainstem, where the brain processes sounds, causing some auditory nerve cells to become overexcited. The basis of this theory is that many with tinnitus also have
293:
Rather than a disease, tinnitus is a symptom that may result from a variety of underlying causes and may be generated at any level of the auditory system as well as outside that system. The most common causes are hearing damage,
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975:
resulting in an audiogram may help diagnose a cause. An audiogram may also facilitate fitting of a hearing aid in those cases where hearing loss is significant. The pitch of tinnitus is often in the range of the hearing loss.
2575:
Weise C, Hesser H, Andersson G, Nyenhuis N, Zastrutzki S, Kröner-Herwig B, Jäger B (2013). "The role of catastrophizing in recent onset tinnitus: its nature and association with tinnitus distress and medical utilization".
963:
tinnitus might not be aware of it all the time, but only, for example, during the night when there is less environmental noise to mask it. Chronic tinnitus can be defined as tinnitus with a duration of six months or more.
474:; for instance, people can increase or decrease their tinnitus by moving their face, head, jaw, or neck. This type is called somatic or craniocervical tinnitus, since it is only head or neck movements that have an effect.
393:, and may seem to come from either one or both ears, or from the head itself. It may be intermittent or continuous. In some individuals, its intensity may be changed by shoulder, neck, head, tongue, jaw, or eye movements.
7330:
7315:
5264:
Cianfrone G, Pentangelo D, Cianfrone F, Mazzei F, Turchetta R, Orlando MP, Altissimi G (June 2011). "Pharmacological drugs inducing ototoxicity, vestibular symptoms and tinnitus: a reasoned and updated guide".
285:
and decreased comprehension of speech in noisy environments. It is common, affecting about 10–15% of people. Most tolerate it well, and it is a significant problem in only 1–2% of people. It can trigger a
8132:
8067:
6927:
4450:
Sherlock LP, Formby C (February 2005). "Estimates of
Loudness, Loudness Discomfort, and the Auditory Dynamic Range: Normative Estimates, Comparison of Procedures, and Test-Retest Reliability".
401:
Due to variations in study designs, data on the course of tinnitus shows few consistent results. Generally, prevalence increases with age in adults, and the ratings of annoyance decreases with
935:
Three reviews in 2016 emphasized the large range and possible combinations of pathologies involved in tinnitus, which result in a great variety of symptoms and specifically adapted therapies.
414:
Psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and concentration difficulties are common in those with strongly annoying tinnitus. 45% of people with tinnitus have an
5503:
Hesser H, Weise C, Zetterquist Westin V, Andersson G (2011). "A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive–behavioral therapy for tinnitus distress".
353:(MRI), may be performed. Other tests are suitable when tinnitus occurs with the same rhythm as the heartbeat. Rarely, the sound may be heard by someone other than the patient by using a
3490:
4558:
Heyning P, Van Dijk P, Vergara R (2007). "Consensus for tinnitus patient assessment and treatment outcome measurement: Tinnitus
Research Initiative meeting, Regensburg, July 2006".
2146:
Gopinath B, McMahon CM, Rochtchina E, Karpa MJ, Mitchell P (2010). "Incidence, persistence, and progression of tinnitus symptoms in older adults: the Blue Mountains Hearing Study".
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1468:
470:
When there does not seem to be a connection with a disorder of the inner ear or auditory nerve, tinnitus can be called "non-otic". In 30% of cases, tinnitus is influenced by the
3836:
Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients".
943:
The diagnostic approach is based on a history of the condition and an examination of the head, neck, and neurological system. Typically an audiogram is done, and occasionally
1008:
Tinnitus is often rated on a scale from "slight" to "severe" according to the effects it has, such as interference with sleep, quiet activities, and normal daily activities.
3040:
6248:
Miroddi M, Bruno R, Galletti F, Calapai F, Navarra M, Gangemi S, Calapai G (March 2015). "Clinical pharmacology of melatonin in the treatment of tinnitus: a review".
7632:
4609:
Meikle M, Stewart B, Griest S, Martin W, Henry J, Abrams H, McArdle R, Newman C, Sandridge S (2007). "Assessment of tinnitus: Measurement of treatment outcomes".
4012:
Park JM, Kim WJ, Han JS, Park SY, Park SN (2 July 2020). "Management of palatal myoclonic tinnitus based on clinical characteristics: a large case series study".
1037:
mimics tinnitus is radio frequency (RF) hearing, in which subjects hear objectively audible high-pitched transmission frequencies that sound similar to tinnitus.
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6931:
888:
5582:
1266:
exist. A 2016 Cochrane Review also concluded that evidence was not sufficient to support taking zinc supplements to reduce symptoms associated with tinnitus.
447:
Subjective tinnitus is the most frequent type. It can have many causes, but most commonly it results from hearing loss. When it is caused by disorders of the
8482:
8090:
5203:"Hearing Difficulties and Tinnitus in Construction, Agricultural, Music, and Finance Industries: Contributions of Demographic, Health, and Lifestyle Factors"
1150:, which aims to reduce tinnitus-related neuronal activity. An alternative tinnitus treatment uses mobile applications that include various methods including
1193:
are useful for treating tinnitus. Steroid injections into the middle ear also do not seem to be effective. There is no evidence to suggest that the use of
2691:
2029:
Rizk HG, Lee JA, Liu YF, Endriukaitis L, Isaac JL, Bullington WM (December 2020). "Drug-Induced Ototoxicity: A Comprehensive Review and Reference Guide".
337:
The diagnosis of tinnitus is usually based on a patient's description of the symptoms they are experiencing. Such a diagnosis is commonly supported by an
856:
8276:
8061:
6935:
5292:
Palomar García V, Abdulghani Martínez, F, Bodet Agustí, E, Andreu Mencía, L, Palomar Asenjo, V (July 2001). "Drug-induced otoxicity: current status".
467:
in the inner ear.. Some evidence suggests that long-term exposure to noise pollution from heavy traffic may increase the risk of developing tinnitus.
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8477:
8111:
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8495:
8121:
8017:
6463:
Slengerik-Hansen J, Ovesen T (2016). "Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Objective Tinnitus Because of Essential Palatal Tremor: A Systematic Review".
797:. Pulsatile tinnitus is usually objective in nature, resulting from altered blood flow or increased blood turbulence near the ear, such as from
389:
Tinnitus is often described as ringing, but it may also sound like clicking, buzzing, hissing, or roaring. It may be soft or loud, low- or high-
8382:
6667:
813:
6581:
481:
changes in the central auditory pathway. In this theory, the disturbance of sensory input caused by hearing loss results in such changes as a
8085:
8035:
3324:
1146:. The second is a signal spectrum notching to eliminate energy close to the tinnitus frequency. There is some tentative evidence supporting
7625:
1118:
3375:
985:
masking level. In most cases, tinnitus pitch or frequency range is between 5 kHz and 10 kHz, and loudness between 5 and 15
6638:
3397:
Kerr R, Kang E, Hopkins B, Anne S (December 2017). "Pediatric tinnitus: Incidence of imaging anomalies and the impact of hearing loss".
3274:
7434:
5099:
2802:"Relationship between Audiometric Slope and Tinnitus Pitch in Tinnitus Patients: Insights into the Mechanisms of Tinnitus Generation"
1695:
1085:
If a specific underlying cause is determined, treating it may lead to improvements. Otherwise, the primary treatment for tinnitus is
1625:
About 75% of new cases are related to emotional stress as the trigger factor rather than to precipitants involving cochlear lesions.
1057:
5176:
5838:
Casale M, Costantino A, Rinaldi V, Forte A, Grimaldi M, Sabatino L, Oliveto G, Aloise F, Pontari D, Salvinelli F (December 2018).
812:, and other intracranial pathologies. Vascular causes of pulsatile tinnitus include venous causes (e.g., high riding or dehiscent
8466:
8255:
7618:
3350:
3036:
1989:
Henry JA, Dennis KC, Schechter MA (October 2005). "General Review of Tinnitus: Prevalence, Mechanisms, Effects, and Management".
1233:
1109:(CBT). It decreases the stress those with tinnitus feel. This appears to be independent of any effect on depression or anxiety.
8442:
8301:
7714:
2770:
Barbara Rubinstein, et al. (1990). "Prevalence of Signs and Symptoms of Craniomandibular Disorders in Tinnitus Patients".
4175:"The Relevance of the High Frequency Audiometry in Tinnitus Patients with Normal Hearing in Conventional Pure-Tone Audiometry"
1274:
While there is no cure, most people with tinnitus get used to it over time; for a minority, it remains a significant problem.
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7190:
7149:
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disorders include those triggered by infections, drugs, or trauma. A frequent cause is traumatic noise exposure that damages
5538:
Ost LG (October 2014). "The efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis".
8422:
3432:
Salman R, Chong I, Amans M, Hui F, Desai N, Huisman TA, Tran B (May 2022). "Pediatric tinnitus: The role of neuroimaging".
908:
439:(SOAE) in the ear canal. This is classified as objective tinnitus, also called "pseudo-tinnitus" or "vibratory" tinnitus.
345:. How much tinnitus interferes with a person's life may be quantified with questionnaires. If certain problems are found,
7704:
2391:
Henry JA, Dennis KC, Schechter MA (2005). "General review of tinnitus: Prevalence, mechanisms, effects, and management".
661:
5335:
Seligmann H, Podoshin L, Ben-David J, Fradis M, Goldsher M (1996). "Drug-induced tinnitus and other hearing disorders".
4375:"Advances in the neurobiology of hearing disorders: recent developments regarding the basis of tinnitus and hyperacusis"
8372:
4761:
Martinez-Devesa P, Perera R, Theodoulou M, Waddell A (8 September 2010). "Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus".
2532:
Andersson G, Westin V (2008). "Understanding tinnitus distress: Introducing the concepts of moderators and mediators".
1474:
1254:
904:
520:
6692:
Meng Z, Liu, S, Zheng, Y, Phillips, JS (5 October 2011). "Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus".
5604:
Hoare DJ, Searchfield GD, El Refaie A, Henry JA (2014). "Sound therapy for tinnitus management: practicable options".
4173:
Vielsmeier V, Lehner A, Strutz J, Steffens T, Kreuzer PM, Schecklmann M, Landgrebe M, Langguth B, Kleinjung T (2015).
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Davis A (1989). "The prevalence of hearing impairment and reported hearing disability among adults in Great Britain".
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or venous hum, but it can also arise as a subjective phenomenon from an increased awareness of blood flow in the ear.
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8285:
8040:
3758:
Sismanis A, Butts FM, Hughes GB (January 1990). "Objective Tinnitus in Benign Intracranial Hypertension: An Update".
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As of 2018 there were no medications effective for idiopathic tinnitus. There is not enough evidence to determine if
1110:
804:
The differential diagnosis for pulsatile tinnitus is wide and includes vascular etiologies, tumors, disorders of the
319:
5574:
1652:
Langguth B, Kreuzer, PM, Kleinjung, T, De Ridder, D (September 2013). "Tinnitus: causes and clinical management".
4982:
Lin JC, Wang Z (2007). "Hearing of microwave pulses by humans and animals: effects, mechanism, and thresholds".
8472:
8337:
7992:
7729:
7641:
1025:
5378:
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Don Brown R, Penny JE, Henley CM, Hodges KB, Kupetz SA, Glenn DW, Jobe PC (2008). "Ototoxic Drugs and Noise".
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5383:
3801:
Diamond BJ, Mosley JE (2011). "Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)". In Kreutzer JS, DeLuca J, Caplan B (eds.).
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Andersson G (2002). "Psychological aspects of tinnitus and the application of cognitive-behavioral therapy".
6597:
2800:
Schecklmann M, Vielsmeier V, Steffens T, Landgrebe M, Langguth B, Kleinjung T, Andersson G (18 April 2012).
2645:
Robert Aaron Levine (1999). "Somatic (craniocervical) tinnitus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus hypothesis".
2189:
Shargorodsky J, Curhan GC, Farwell WR (2010). "Prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus among US adults".
769:
8250:
8183:
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7724:
6949:
Celik N, Bajin MD, Aksoy S (2009). "Tinnitus incidence and characteristics in children with hearing loss".
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1222:
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766:) or by a vascular condition. In some cases, tinnitus is generated by muscle spasms around the middle ear.
2861:"Tinnitus with a Normal Audiogram: Physiological Evidence for Hidden Hearing Loss and Computational Model"
2343:
Henry JA, Meikle MB (May 1999). "Pulsed versus Continuous Tones for Evaluating the Loudness of Tinnitus".
431:"non-auditory", or "non-vibratory" tinnitus. In rare cases, tinnitus can be heard by someone else using a
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8079:
7987:
7951:
7789:
7506:
1147:
911:. Pulsatile tinnitus can be a symptom of intracranial vascular abnormalities and should be evaluated for
6340:
Pichora-Fuller MK, Santaguida P, Hammill A, Oremus M, Westerberg B, Ali U, Patterson C, Raina P (2013).
8447:
8352:
8126:
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7176:
6984:
Lee DY, Kim YH (June 2018). "Risk factors of pediatric tinnitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis".
6913:
1370:
1358:
1348:
840:
580:
358:
350:
295:
173:
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Hobson J, Chisholm E, El Refaie A. "Sound therapy (masking) in the management of tinnitus in adults".
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7804:
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1337:
832:
731:
604:
594:
311:
185:
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may also help. A clinical protocol called Progressive Tinnitus Management has been developed by the
274:"to ring". In some people, it interferes with concentration, and can be associated with anxiety and
8522:
8437:
8362:
8342:
8235:
7859:
7849:
7824:
7511:
7345:
5456:"Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials examining tinnitus management"
5291:
4326:"Residual inhibition functions overlap tinnitus spectra and the region of auditory threshold shift"
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2659:
1154:, sound therapy, and relaxation exercises. Such applications can work as a separate device or as a
880:
342:
287:
3096:
8407:
8193:
7528:
5840:"Mobile applications in otolaryngology for patients: An update: Otolaryngology Apps for Patients"
3300:
2449:
Pattyn T, Van Den Eede F, Vanneste S, Cassiers L, Veltman DJ, Van De Heyning P, Sabbe BC (2015).
498:. Hearing loss may have many different causes, but among those with tinnitus, the major cause is
152:
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Kalle S, Schlee W, Pryss RC, Probst T, Reichert M, Langguth B, Spiliopoulou M (20 August 2018).
2450:
8002:
7982:
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6371:(23 June 2015). "Intratympanic corticosteroids injections: a systematic review of literature".
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injection has succeeded in some of the rare cases of objective tinnitus from a palatal tremor.
681:
672:
331:
307:
201:
197:
181:
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4711:"Methodological aspects of clinical trials in tinnitus: A proposal for international standard"
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through physicians. Studies with it and similar devices continue in several research centers.
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896:
836:
736:
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193:
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is used in a few countries to treat tinnitus. The evidence for its usefulness is very weak.
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If examination reveals a bruit (sound due to turbulent blood flow), imaging studies such as
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7894:
7744:
7734:
7694:
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5581:. US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research.
4237:
3124:"Tinnitus psychopharmacology: A comprehensive review of its pathomechanisms and management"
2813:
1114:
1021:
972:
951:. Treatable conditions may include middle ear infection, acoustic neuroma, concussion, and
872:
848:
654:
471:
436:
20:
5251:"Construction Statistics – Occupational Hearing Loss Surveillance | NIOSH | CDC"
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Tunkel DE, Bauer CA, Sun GH, et al. (2014). "Clinical practice guideline: tinnitus".
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8:
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4890:
Sismanis A (October 2011). "Pulsatile tinnitus: contemporary assessment and management".
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639:
127:
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2509:
Henry JA, Wilson P (2000). "Psychological management of tinnitus". In R.S. Tyler (ed.).
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1961:
1934:
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1413:
1334: – Form of hallucination that involves perceiving sounds without auditory stimulus
644:
142:
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7114:
7013:
6838:
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5364:
5011:
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4709:
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4391:
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5214:
5147:
5137:
5074:"NIOSH Program Portfolio : Hearing Loss Prevention : Program Description"
5039:
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2999:
2966:
2958:
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2872:
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2821:
2742:
2734:
2723:"Transportation Noise and Risk of Tinnitus: A Nationwide Cohort Study from Denmark"
2664:
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2541:
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2400:
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1998:
1956:
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1661:
1606:
1598:
1554:
1409:
1151:
892:
609:
415:
82:
47:
7396:
5641:"Sound therapy (using amplification devices and/or sound generators) for tinnitus"
4696:
The Psychological Management of Chronic Tinnitus: A Cognitive Behavioural Approach
4680:
4025:
8432:
8412:
8240:
7919:
7914:
7869:
7610:
7350:
7220:
7141:
6476:
5124:
Burns-O'Connell G, Stockdale D, Cassidy O, Knowles V, Hoare DJ (27 August 2021).
4903:
4664:
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2159:
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374:
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236:
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265:
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3003:
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2545:
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1823:
8511:
8402:
8163:
7864:
7809:
7501:
7208:
7167:
7071:
6970:
6928:"Almost 15% of Europe's adults have a ringing in their ears, say researchers"
5956:
5940:"Review of Smart Services for Tinnitus Self-Help, Diagnostics and Treatments"
5705:
5218:
5043:
4499:
4428:
3980:
3726:
3717:
3583:
2628:
1951:
1910:
1893:
1776:"Relationships Between Tinnitus And The Prevalence Of Anxiety And Depression"
1742:
1249:
1237:
1130:
1090:
852:
817:
789:
Some people experience a sound that beats in time with their pulse, known as
390:
303:
177:
7098:
5905:
3320:
2518:
2435:
1602:
8317:
8291:
8281:
7874:
7814:
7784:
7597:
7571:
7540:
7407:
7106:
7005:
6891:
6856:
6807:
6750:
6709:
6566:
6484:
6449:
6392:
6368:
6353:
6326:
6269:
6234:
6183:
6142:
6101:
6052:
6005:
5975:
5924:
5873:
5824:
5775:
5746:
GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery; 15:Doc04
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5437:
5313:
5305:
5278:
5236:
5161:
5142:
5051:
5003:
4960:
4911:
4876:
4827:
4778:
4744:
4672:
4636:
4595:
4543:
4507:
4471:
4436:
4400:
4359:
4310:
4269:
4210:
4151:
4143:
4095:
4068:
4033:
3998:
3949:
3900:
3881:
3849:
3744:
3677:
3642:
3601:
3453:
3418:
3243:
3217:
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2980:
2926:
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Yew KS (15 January 2014). "Diagnostic approach to patients with tinnitus".
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2167:
2107:
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2050:
2010:
1970:
1919:
1809:
1760:
1673:
1651:
1620:
1566:
1431:
1406:
The Human Auditory System – Fundamental Organization and Clinical Disorders
1376:
1143:
1134:
1086:
952:
929:
884:
868:
740:
567:
557:
540:
495:
478:
378:
370:
318:, acoustic neuromas (tumors on the auditory nerves of the ear), migraines,
282:
240:
7273:
7269:
7265:
7048:
6044:
5356:
5123:
4191:
4103:
3779:
3536:
3347:"Erowid Experience Vaults: DiPT – More Tripping & Revelations – 26540"
3060:
3058:
3021:
2783:
1878:
8327:
7794:
7689:
7684:
7518:
7450:
7380:
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Henry JA, Meikle MB (March 2000). "Psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus".
3965:"Maladaptive plasticity in tinnitus – triggers, mechanisms and treatment"
3292:
1194:
1181:
are useful. There are conflicting studies regarding the effectiveness of
1178:
1161:
1155:
1094:
997:
649:
588:
515:
Tinnitus can also occur from the discontinuation of therapeutic doses of
508:
482:
432:
354:
323:
315:
299:
189:
7181:. Progress in brain research no. 166 (1st ed.). Amsterdam; Boston:
6066:
Baldo P, Doree, C, Molin, P, McFerran, D, Cecco, S (12 September 2012).
5617:
4463:
8427:
8377:
8347:
8322:
7844:
7834:
7709:
7699:
7679:
7669:
7488:
7478:
7457:
7402:
6997:
6962:
6639:"FDA Grants De Novo Approval to Non-Invasive Tinnitus Treatment Device"
5471:
3225:
3140:
3055:
2120:
1791:
1206:
1049:
Safety sign from the UK Government Regulations requiring ear protection
876:
864:
844:
805:
707:
688:
666:
464:
232:
8068:
Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro
7307:
5757:
5502:
4951:
4934:
4760:
3445:
2799:
2621:
Tinnitus Retraining Therapy: Implementing the neurophysiological model
2042:
435:. Even more rarely, in some cases it can be measured as a spontaneous
8148:
8116:
7854:
7664:
7465:
7453:
7391:
6339:
5855:
4794:"Pulsatile Tinnitus: Differential Diagnosis and Radiological Work-Up"
3701:"Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome: Lessons from the First 20 Years"
3560:"Pulsatile Tinnitus: Differential Diagnosis and Radiological Work-Up"
2738:
1326:
1258:
1186:
900:
809:
763:
719:
633:
524:
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specific frequency range associated with their tinnitus perception.
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6613:"First Bimodal Neuromodulation Device for Tinnitus Gets FDA Nod"
6582:"New Tinnitus Treatment Alleviated Annoying Ringing in the Ears"
6065:
5889:"A Systematic Review of Healthcare Applications for Smartphones"
5334:
5177:"DJs Shouldn't Have to Live With Constant Ringing in Their Ears"
2998:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 85. pp. 151–171.
1855:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 85. pp. 193–203.
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National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
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1373: – False belief of one's mobile phone vibrating or ringing
1367: – Avoiding hearing damage from intentionally heard sounds
1289:
716:
can produce temporary tinnitus-like symptoms as a side effect:
562:
455:, it can be called "otic" (from the Greek word for ear). These
327:
205:
6691:
5603:
4172:
3865:"Sensorineural Tinnitus: Its Pathology and Probable Therapies"
3468:
2145:
2072:
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1512:
916:
7174:
6722:
6197:
Kim SH, Kim D, Lee JM, Lee SK, Kang HJ, Yeo SG (June 2021).
5837:
4708:
4372:
4223:
2574:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
781:
diagnosis can prevent long-term impairments to development.
19:"Tinitus" redirects here. For the Norwegian radio show, see
7226:
Møller AR, Langguth B, Ridder D, et al., eds. (2011).
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724:
290:, as the brain may perceive it as dangerous and important.
103:
97:
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3199:
2993:
2125:(2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 16–17.
1228:
Some evidence supports neuromodulation techniques such as
971:
Since most people with tinnitus also have hearing loss, a
851:. Pulsatile tinnitus may also be caused by tumors such as
6771:
4608:
4330:
Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology
4226:"Psychoacoustic assessment to improve tinnitus diagnosis"
3649:
2188:
1932:
1489:
88:
62:
56:
7449:
5453:
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4843:"Pulsatile tinnitus: imaging and differential diagnosis"
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3614:
2944:
1113:(ACT) also shows promise in the treatment of tinnitus.
6462:
6413:
5937:
5638:
5572:
4791:
3617:"Otologic manifestations of petrous carotid aneurysms"
3557:
3399:
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
2121:
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2028:
1585:
Han BI, Lee HW, Kim TY, Lim JS, Shin KS (March 2009).
8091:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
6898:
6723:
Hilton MP, Zimmermann, EF, Hunt, WT (28 March 2013).
6530:
6510:(36th ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. p. 2277.
5200:
1926:
523:
and may persist for many months. Medications such as
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71:
59:
7297:
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5687:
4224:
Basile CÉ, Fournier P, Hutchins S, Hébert S (2013).
3962:
3658:
Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine
2795:
2793:
2390:
1988:
1935:"Stress and tinnitus—from bedside to bench and back"
1308:
1097:. There are no effective drugs that treat tinnitus.
100:
85:
65:
53:
7062:Ballantyne JC (2009). Graham JM, Baguley D (eds.).
4935:"Auditory response to pulsed radiofrequency energy"
3757:
3431:
3396:
2644:
1838:"Why Does My Tinnitus Get Worse when I'm Stressed?"
1540:
1069:a greater risk compared to the general population.
381:may help. No medication directly targets tinnitus.
91:
50:
8277:Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)
8062:Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
7640:
7287:
6531:Langguth B, Salvi R, Elgoyhen AB (December 2009).
6115:Savage J, Cook, S, Waddell, A (12 November 2009).
2769:
824:, potentially life-threatening conditions such as
6906:"Transkribering av #89: Varför får man tinnitus?"
6661:
6659:
5409:
3558:Pegge SA, Steens SC, Kunst HP, Meijer FJ (2017).
3362:
3360:
3263:(5th ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. p. 477.
2852:
2790:
2393:Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
1991:Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
505:In many cases no underlying cause is identified.
8509:
8074:National Institute for Safety and Health at Work
7026:
6348:. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews (122).
5791:"Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) for tinnitus"
5788:
5742:"Evidence and evidence gaps in tinnitus therapy"
4116:Henry, J.A., 2016. "'Measurement' of tinnitus."
3064:
2858:
2618:
1933:Mazurek B, Haupt H, Olze H, Szczepeck A (2022).
8122:Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981
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5733:
5688:Shore SE, Roberts LE, Langguth B (March 2016).
5454:Hoare D, Kowalkowski V, Knag S, Hall D (2011).
2940:
2938:
2936:
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2024:
2022:
2020:
1541:Baguley D, McFerran D, Hall D (November 2013).
820:diverticulum), arterial causes (e.g., cervical
147:Hearing sound when no external sound is present
6656:
5449:
5447:
5029:
4449:
4011:
3698:
3357:
3287:
3121:
2945:Theodoroff SM, Konrad-Martin D (August 2020).
519:. It can sometimes be a protracted symptom of
334:. It is more common in those with depression.
322:, exposure to certain medications, a previous
8086:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
8036:European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
7626:
7435:
7084:
7078:
7066:(7th ed.). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
7061:
6524:
6499:
6456:
6190:
6155:
6026:
6024:
6022:
5886:
5782:
5597:
5573:Henry J, Zaugg T, Myers P, Kendall C (2012).
4932:
4792:Pegge S, Steens S, Kunst H, Meijer F (2017).
3800:
3699:Ward BK, Carey JP, Minor LB (28 April 2017).
3477:
3172:
1891:
1718:
1105:The best-supported treatment for tinnitus is
585:Excessive or loud noise; e.g. acoustic trauma
6942:
6820:
6630:
6604:
6196:
6068:"Antidepressants for patients with tinnitus"
5730:
5606:Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
5575:"Chapter 9 – Level 5 Individualized Support"
5257:
4975:
4883:
4834:
4785:
4643:
4602:
4550:
4514:
4478:
4452:Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
4443:
4407:
4366:
4317:
4276:
4217:
4166:
4132:Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
3956:
3907:
3856:
3829:
3115:
2933:
2859:Schaette R, McAlpine D (21 September 2011).
2345:Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
2252:
2217:
2182:
2139:
2017:
1584:
1124:
1119:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
330:. It can suddenly emerge during a period of
7029:Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences
6149:
5893:BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
5444:
5328:
4693:
4524:Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences
4129:
3655:
3514:
3090:
3088:
2508:
2425:
2342:
1189:, as of 2015, is unclear. It is unclear if
7730:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung")
7633:
7619:
7442:
7428:
6592:(6). Springer Nature America, Inc.: None.
6373:European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
6019:
5887:Mosa AS, Yoo I, Sheets L (December 2012).
5025:
5023:
5021:
4283:Roberts LE (2007). "Residual inhibition".
3200:Passchier-Vermeer W, Passchier WF (2000).
2908:
2906:
2904:
2720:
2451:"Tinnitus and anxiety disorders: A review"
2301:
2258:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1403:
535:Factors associated with tinnitus include:
6951:Journal of International Advanced Otology
6869:
6846:
6797:
6740:
6556:
6439:
6316:
6250:European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
6224:
6214:
6173:
6132:
6091:
5965:
5955:
5914:
5904:
5863:
5844:Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
5814:
5765:
5713:
5664:
5479:
5427:
5226:
5151:
5141:
4950:
4866:
4817:
4734:
4585:
4390:
4349:
4259:
4249:
4200:
4190:
3988:
3963:Shore SE, Roberts LE, Langguth B (2016).
3939:
3890:
3880:
3810:
3734:
3716:
3632:
3591:
3233:
3149:
3139:
3101:. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 187.
2970:
2884:
2835:
2825:
2746:
2658:
2640:
2638:
2623:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2513:. San Diego: Singular. pp. 263–279.
2477:
2319:
2223:
2097:
1960:
1950:
1909:
1799:
1750:
1610:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1031:
770:Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs)
6872:Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
6665:
6505:
6199:"Review of Pharmacotherapy for Tinnitus"
5416:Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
4889:
3803:Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology
3085:
2951:Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
1767:
1044:
408:
298:, or age-related hearing loss, known as
8528:Diseases of the ear and mastoid process
8256:Immediately dangerous to life or health
7178:Tinnitus: pathophysiology and treatment
6920:
6778:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6729:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6694:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6420:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6297:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6072:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5795:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5645:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5412:"Avenue for Future Tinnitus Treatments"
5410:Kleinjung T, Langguth B (August 2020).
5018:
4981:
4763:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4611:Tinnitus: Pathophysiology and Treatment
4560:Tinnitus: Pathophysiology and Treatment
4285:Tinnitus: Pathophysiology and Treatment
4282:
4054:
3869:International Journal of Otolaryngology
3281:
3098:Seizures: medical causes and management
3094:
3068:Clinical manual of emergency psychiatry
3034:
2996:Ciba Foundation Symposium 85 – Tinnitus
2901:
2683:
1977:
1853:Ciba Foundation Symposium 85 – Tinnitus
1724:
1696:"Tinnitus – noises in the ears or head"
1630:
1243:
1234:transcranial direct current stimulation
1015:
907:. Pulsatile tinnitus may also indicate
843:. Pulsatile tinnitus may also indicate
157:Poor concentration, anxiety, depression
8510:
8443:Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19
7715:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy
7138:Tinnitus: A Multidisciplinary Approach
6983:
6636:
6610:
6533:"Emerging pharmacotherapy of tinnitus"
3862:
3128:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
2689:
2635:
2430:. San Diego: Singular. pp. 1–23.
2123:Tinnitus: A Multidisciplinary Approach
1898:Australian Journal of General Practice
1573:
1438:
1404:Levine RA, Oron Y (2015). "Tinnitus".
1390:
905:superior semicircular canal dehiscence
442:
7614:
7423:
6030:
5739:
5585:from the original on 20 December 2013
5174:
4756:
4754:
4084:International Journal of Epidemiology
4081:
3353:from the original on 2 November 2014.
2772:Journal of Craniomandibular Disorders
1892:Esmaili AA, Renton J (1 April 2018).
1850:
1773:
1253:does not appear to be effective. The
879:causes of pulsatile tinnitus include
784:
775:
753:
530:
494:The most common cause of tinnitus is
384:
308:disease of the heart or blood vessels
182:disease of the heart or blood vessels
8490:
8133:Working Environment Convention, 1977
6579:
6156:Savage J, Waddell A (October 2014).
5032:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
3327:from the original on 31 October 2012
3277:from the original on 17 August 2016.
3043:from the original on 19 October 2012
1379: – Short-term auditory illusion
909:idiopathic intracranial hypertension
281:Tinnitus is usually associated with
8302:Workers' right to access the toilet
6031:Bauer CA (March 2018). "Tinnitus".
5537:
3378:from the original on 20 August 2021
3368:"MEM, Tinnitus and Ear Drum Spasms"
2912:
2612:
662:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
13:
8373:International Chemical Safety Card
7140:(2nd ed.). Indianapolis, IN:
7125:
7041:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1986.tb02033.x
4847:Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
4751:
3838:The International Tinnitus Journal
3621:American Journal of Neuroradiology
3202:"Noise exposure and public health"
3037:"6) What are some ototoxic drugs?"
2721:Lie Becker M, et al. (2023).
2647:American Journal of Otolaryngology
2578:International Journal of Audiology
2534:International Journal of Audiology
1414:10.1016/B978-0-444-62630-1.00023-8
1255:American Academy of Otolaryngology
1212:
1060:can lead to tinnitus. Custom made
979:
922:
361:, sounds produced normally by the
14:
8549:
8383:National Day of Mourning (Canada)
8041:International Labour Organization
7281:
7136:, McFerran D, McKenna L (2013) .
6346:Comparative Effectiveness Reviews
4996:10.1097/01.HP.0000250644.84530.e2
4715:Journal of Psychosomatic Research
3305:. Berkeley, CA: Transform Press.
3206:Environmental Health Perspectives
2727:Environmental Health Perspectives
1939:Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
1477:from the original on 3 April 2019
1230:transcranial magnetic stimulation
1111:Acceptance and commitment therapy
737:Intracranial hyper or hypotension
359:spontaneous otoacoustic emissions
320:temporomandibular joint disorders
8489:
8461:
8460:
7087:Archives of Disease in Childhood
7055:
7020:
6977:
6863:
6814:
6765:
6716:
6685:
6573:
6537:Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
6407:
6360:
6333:
6284:
6241:
6108:
6059:
5982:
5931:
5880:
5831:
5789:Phillips JS, McFerran D (2010).
5681:
5632:
5566:
5531:
5496:
5403:
5349:10.2165/00002018-199614030-00006
4727:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.05.002
4536:10.1046/j.1365-2273.2001.00490.x
3772:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00008
3529:10.1288/00005537-198307000-00009
3065:Riba MB, Ravindranath D (2010).
2619:Jastreboff PJ, Hazell J (2004).
2191:The American Journal of Medicine
1311:
1292:are estimated to have tinnitus.
1197:to treat tinnitus is effective.
1100:
81:
46:
6839:10.1590/S1807-59322011000600028
6774:"Zinc supplements for tinnitus"
6033:New England Journal of Medicine
5992:. 2012 Nov 14;11(11):CD006371.
5371:
5285:
5243:
5194:
5168:
5117:
5092:
5066:
4926:
4702:
4687:
4392:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.08.002
4123:
4110:
4075:
4048:
4005:
3794:
3751:
3692:
3608:
3551:
3508:
3425:
3390:
3339:
3250:
3193:
3166:
3028:
2987:
2763:
2714:
2568:
2525:
2502:
2442:
2419:
2336:
2295:
2114:
2065:
1885:
1844:
1830:
1277:
903:cause of pulsatile tinnitus is
489:
477:Some tinnitus may be caused by
341:, and an otolaryngological and
8338:Environment, health and safety
7993:Occupational health psychology
7642:Occupational safety and health
6790:10.1002/14651858.cd009832.pub2
6742:10.1002/14651858.CD003852.pub3
6702:10.1002/14651858.CD007946.pub2
6309:10.1002/14651858.CD007960.pub2
6293:"Anticonvulsants for tinnitus"
6084:10.1002/14651858.CD003853.pub3
5998:10.1002/14651858.CD006371.pub3
5807:10.1002/14651858.CD007330.pub2
5657:10.1002/14651858.CD013094.pub2
5540:Behaviour Research and Therapy
4771:10.1002/14651858.CD005233.pub3
3805:. Springer. pp. 249–252.
2877:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2156-11.2011
1816:
1688:
1168:
1026:magnetic resonance angiography
913:irregular noises of blood flow
1:
8209:Personal protective equipment
7962:Workplace health surveillance
7288:American Tinnitus Association
6884:10.1016/S0030-6665(02)00160-3
6821:Sanchez TG, Rocha CB (2011).
5384:American Tinnitus Association
4619:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66049-X
4568:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66050-6
4488:American Journal of Audiology
4417:American Journal of Audiology
4293:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66047-6
4179:BioMed Research International
4026:10.1080/00016489.2020.1749724
3122:Fornaro M, Martino M (2010).
2669:10.1016/S0196-0709(99)90074-1
2238:10.1016/s0272-7358(01)00124-6
1666:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70160-1
1591:Journal of Clinical Neurology
1559:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60142-7
1383:
1080:
1040:
989:above the hearing threshold.
758:A specific type of tinnitus,
591:(age-associated hearing loss)
418:at some time in their lives.
8251:Standard operating procedure
8184:Hierarchy of hazard controls
7937:Hierarchy of hazard controls
6725:"Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus"
6477:10.1097/MAO.0000000000001090
5740:Hesse G (15 December 2016).
4904:10.1097/MOO.0b013e3283493fd8
4694:Henry JL, Wilson PH (2000).
4665:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31822f67c0
4251:10.1371/journal.pone.0082995
4120:, 37(8), pp. e276–e285.
3411:10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.10.027
2827:10.1371/journal.pone.0034878
2590:10.3109/14992027.2012.752111
2470:10.1016/j.heares.2015.08.014
2203:10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.02.015
2160:10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181cdb2a2
1354:List of people with tinnitus
1269:
1223:Food and Drug Administration
1185:for tinnitus. Usefulness of
1107:cognitive behavioral therapy
966:
938:
899:myoclonus). The most common
725:Diisopropyltryptamine (DiPT)
7:
8388:NIOSH air filtration rating
8080:Health and Safety Executive
7988:Occupational health nursing
7952:Occupational exposure limit
7790:Hospital-acquired infection
7755:Exposure to human nail dust
7507:Eustachian tube dysfunction
6932:European Commission: CORDIS
6666:Philpott J (18 June 2024).
4933:Elder JA, Chou, CK (2003).
2865:The Journal of Neuroscience
2405:10.1044/1092-4388(2005/084)
2261:Perceptual and Motor Skills
2003:10.1044/1092-4388(2005/084)
1304:
1295:
1148:tinnitus retraining therapy
1028:(MRA) should be performed.
1003:
841:arteriovenous malformations
10:
8554:
8448:Workplace health promotion
8353:Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster
8127:Worker Protection Standard
7830:Noise-induced hearing loss
6637:Everts Q (14 March 2023).
6416:"Betahistine for tinnitus"
5990:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
5552:10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.018
5505:Clinical Psychology Review
3932:10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.004
2226:Clinical Psychology Review
1861:10.1002/9780470720677.ch11
1731:Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
1371:Phantom vibration syndrome
1359:List of unexplained sounds
1349:Noise-induced hearing loss
1257:recommends against taking
581:Sensorineural hearing loss
365:, may result in tinnitus.
351:magnetic resonance imaging
296:noise-induced hearing loss
174:Noise-induced hearing loss
18:
8456:
8310:
8264:
8141:
8104:
8054:
8046:World Health Organization
8028:
8016:
7970:
7957:Occupational epidemiology
7942:Prevention through design
7893:
7800:Laboratory animal allergy
7725:Chimney sweeps' carcinoma
7700:Byssinosis ("brown lung")
7648:
7580:
7559:
7487:
7464:
7371:
7301:
7240:10.1007/978-1-60761-145-5
6611:George J (8 March 2023).
6580:Kwon D (7 October 2020).
6549:10.1517/14728210903206975
6506:Sweetman SC, ed. (2009).
6465:Otology & Neurotology
6432:10.1002/14651858.CD013093
6385:10.1007/s00405-015-3689-3
6262:10.1007/s00228-015-1805-3
6216:10.3390/healthcare9060779
5944:Frontiers in Neuroscience
5517:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.12.006
5429:10.1016/j.otc.2020.03.013
5175:Boles B (9 August 2016).
4859:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0451
4810:10.1007/s40134-017-0199-7
4798:Current Radiology Reports
4342:10.1007/s10162-008-0136-9
4118:Otology & Neurotology
4057:American Family Physician
3812:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3
3670:10.1007/s11936-996-0020-z
3576:10.1007/s40134-017-0199-7
3564:Current Radiology Reports
3478:McFerran D, Magdalena S.
3175:American Family Physician
3004:10.1002/9780470720677.ch9
2963:10.1016/j.otc.2020.03.004
2915:American Family Physician
2546:10.1080/14992020802301670
2479:10067/1273140151162165141
2273:10.2466/pms.1999.88.3.790
1338:Health effects from noise
1282:
1125:Sound-based interventions
833:carotid artery dissection
732:Benzodiazepine withdrawal
605:Superior canal dehiscence
527:may also cause tinnitus.
521:benzodiazepine withdrawal
396:
246:
228:
211:
169:
161:
151:
141:
121:
38:
33:
16:False perception of sound
8363:Hostile work environment
8343:Environmental toxicology
8236:Redundancy (engineering)
7850:Repetitive strain injury
7512:Patulous Eustachian tube
5957:10.3389/fnins.2018.00541
5706:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.12
5694:Nature Reviews Neurology
5219:10.1177/2331216519885571
5044:10.1177/0194599814545325
4500:10.1044/2014_AJA-13-0037
4429:10.1044/2014_AJA-14-0010
4379:Progress in Neurobiology
3981:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.12
3969:Nature Reviews Neurology
3718:10.3389/fneur.2017.00177
3302:TiHKAL: the continuation
2308:British Medical Bulletin
2304:"Mechanisms of tinnitus"
1952:10.3389/fnsys.2012.00047
1911:10.31128/AJGP-12-17-4420
1743:10.1177/0194599819835178
881:patulous eustachian tube
847:, or more specifically,
739:caused by, for example,
546:Conductive hearing loss
425:
343:neurological examination
288:fight-or-flight response
8408:Quality of working life
8194:Administrative controls
7099:10.1136/adc.2009.168252
5906:10.1186/1472-6947-12-67
3920:Trends in Neurosciences
3434:Journal of Neuroimaging
1603:10.3988/jcn.2009.5.1.11
1072:Several medicines have
302:. Other causes include
8003:Occupational therapist
7983:Industrial engineering
7775:Glassblower's cataract
7740:Decompression sickness
6672:Medical Device Network
6367:Lavigne P, Lavigne F,
5306:10.1080/00016480121545
5294:Acta Oto-Laryngologica
5143:10.3390/ijerph18179036
4144:10.1055/s-0042-1748040
4014:Acta Oto-Laryngologica
3705:Frontiers in Neurology
3487:Action on Hearing Loss
3218:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123
2540:(Suppl. 2): S106–111.
2357:10.1055/s-0042-1748497
2090:10.1055/s-0028-1095895
1894:"A review of tinnitus"
1332:Auditory hallucination
1221:In March 2023, the US
1050:
1032:Differential diagnosis
973:pure tone hearing test
682:Iron deficiency anemia
202:traumatic brain injury
8473:Occupational diseases
8438:Workers' compensation
7998:Occupational medicine
7860:Silo-filler's disease
7825:Mule spinners' cancer
7536:Middle ear barotrauma
7064:Ballantyne's Deafness
6910:Karolinska Institutet
6162:BMJ Clinical Evidence
6121:BMJ Clinical Evidence
6045:10.1056/NEJMcp1506631
1115:Relaxation techniques
1058:sound or noise levels
1048:
949:electronystagmography
837:arteriovenous fistula
600:Endolymphatic hydrops
409:Psychological effects
8533:Occupational hazards
8199:Engineering controls
8174:Emergency evacuation
7978:Environmental health
7745:De Quervain syndrome
7735:Concussions in sport
7529:Gradenigo's syndrome
7228:Textbook of Tinnitus
4096:10.1093/ije/18.4.911
3882:10.1155/2016/2830157
3480:"Pulsatile tinnitus"
3260:Handbook of vitamins
3212:(Suppl 1): 123–131.
2321:10.1093/bmb/63.1.195
1706:on 28 September 2021
1654:The Lancet Neurology
1244:Alternative medicine
1022:transcranial doppler
889:middle ear myoclonus
849:giant cell arteritis
655:Giant cell arteritis
472:somatosensory system
437:otoacoustic emission
369:counseling, such as
21:Tinitus (radio show)
8333:Effects of overtime
8216:Job safety analysis
8204:Hazard substitution
8169:Emergency procedure
7947:Exposure assessment
7932:Occupational stress
7925:Psychosocial hazard
7905:Occupational hazard
7770:Flock worker's lung
6938:on 1 December 2022.
6916:on 1 December 2022.
6586:Scientific American
5618:10.3766/jaaa.25.1.5
5253:. 12 November 2021.
4939:Bioelectromagnetics
4464:10.3766/jaaa.16.2.4
4242:2013PLoSO...882995B
4192:10.1155/2015/302515
2871:(38): 13452–13457.
2818:2012PLoSO...734878S
2302:Baguley DM (2002).
2267:(3 Pt 1): 790–792.
2078:Seminars in Hearing
1725:Salazar JW (2019).
1553:(9904): 1600–1607.
1129:The application of
745:cerebrospinal fluid
640:Chiari malformation
558:Middle ear effusion
554:Loud noise or music
443:Subjective tinnitus
217:Based on symptoms,
128:Otorhinolaryngology
8368:Indoor air quality
8272:Diving regulations
8189:Hazard elimination
8008:Safety engineering
7546:Perforated eardrum
7372:External resources
6998:10.1002/lary.26924
5472:10.1002/lary.21825
5104:www.carolenash.com
5038:(2 Suppl): S1–40.
4698:. Allyn and Bacon.
3863:Møller AR (2016).
3374:. 18 August 2021.
3141:10.2147/ndt.s10361
3095:Delanty N (2001).
2696:Discovery Medicine
1792:10.1002/lary.26107
1344:Hearing protection
1054:Prolonged exposure
1051:
1016:Pulsatile tinnitus
791:pulsatile tinnitus
785:Pulsatile tinnitus
776:Pediatric tinnitus
760:objective tinnitus
754:Objective tinnitus
645:Multiple sclerosis
531:Associated factors
385:Signs and symptoms
8505:
8504:
8418:Safety data sheet
8231:Operations manual
8112:Bangladesh Accord
8100:
8099:
7910:Biological hazard
7608:
7607:
7417:
7416:
7249:978-1-60761-144-8
7192:978-0-444-53167-4
7151:978-1-4051-9989-6
6517:978-0-85369-840-1
6039:(13): 1224–1231.
5758:10.3205/cto000131
5207:Trends in Hearing
5080:. 5 February 2019
5078:www.cdc.gov – CDC
4952:10.1002/bem.10163
4653:Ear & Hearing
4628:978-0-444-53167-4
4577:978-0-444-53167-4
4302:978-0-444-53167-4
3822:978-0-387-79947-6
3446:10.1111/jon.12986
3312:978-0-9630096-9-2
3270:978-1-4665-1557-4
3108:978-0-89603-827-1
3078:978-1-58562-295-5
3013:978-0-470-72067-7
2511:Tinnitus Handbook
2428:Tinnitus Handbook
2132:978-1-118-48870-6
2043:10.1002/phar.2478
2037:(12): 1265–1275.
1870:978-0-470-72067-7
1824:"Taming tinnitus"
1774:Bhatt JM (2016).
1423:978-0-444-62630-1
996:An assessment of
857:glomus tympanicum
795:vascular tinnitus
714:psychedelic drugs
698:Anxiety disorders
595:Ménière's disease
539:Ear problems and
312:Ménière's disease
254:
253:
223:neurological exam
213:Diagnostic method
186:Ménière's disease
28:Medical condition
8545:
8493:
8492:
8464:
8463:
8159:Contingency plan
8154:Code of practice
8026:
8025:
7820:Metal fume fever
7635:
7628:
7621:
7612:
7611:
7551:Tympanosclerosis
7524:Bezold's abscess
7444:
7437:
7430:
7421:
7420:
7299:
7298:
7277:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7171:
7119:
7118:
7082:
7076:
7075:
7059:
7053:
7052:
7024:
7018:
7017:
6992:(6): 1462–1468.
6986:The Laryngoscope
6981:
6975:
6974:
6946:
6940:
6939:
6934:. Archived from
6924:
6918:
6917:
6912:. Archived from
6902:
6896:
6895:
6867:
6861:
6860:
6850:
6833:(6): 1089–1094.
6818:
6812:
6811:
6801:
6784:(11): CD009832.
6769:
6763:
6762:
6744:
6720:
6714:
6713:
6696:(10): CD007946.
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6663:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6634:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6608:
6602:
6601:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6560:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6503:
6497:
6496:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6443:
6411:
6405:
6404:
6379:(9): 2271–2278.
6364:
6358:
6357:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6320:
6288:
6282:
6281:
6245:
6239:
6238:
6228:
6218:
6194:
6188:
6187:
6177:
6153:
6147:
6146:
6136:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6095:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6028:
6017:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5969:
5959:
5935:
5929:
5928:
5918:
5908:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5867:
5856:10.1002/lio2.201
5835:
5829:
5828:
5818:
5786:
5780:
5779:
5769:
5737:
5728:
5727:
5717:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5668:
5651:(12): CD013094.
5636:
5630:
5629:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5535:
5529:
5528:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5483:
5466:(7): 1555–1564.
5460:The Laryngoscope
5451:
5442:
5441:
5431:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5394:
5392:
5379:"Drug Therapies"
5375:
5369:
5368:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5230:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5155:
5145:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5027:
5016:
5015:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4954:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4870:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4821:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4758:
4749:
4748:
4738:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4589:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4394:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4353:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4263:
4253:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4204:
4194:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4127:
4121:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4009:
4003:
4002:
3992:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3943:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3894:
3884:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3814:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3760:The Laryngoscope
3755:
3749:
3748:
3738:
3720:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3636:
3627:(6): 1324–1327.
3612:
3606:
3605:
3595:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3517:The Laryngoscope
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3372:Tinnitus And You
3364:
3355:
3354:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3297:"#36. 5-MEO-DET"
3285:
3279:
3278:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3153:
3143:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3032:
3026:
3025:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2974:
2942:
2931:
2930:
2910:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2829:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2739:10.1289/EHP11248
2718:
2712:
2711:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2662:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2481:
2458:Hearing Research
2455:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2399:(5): 1204–1235.
2388:
2377:
2376:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2101:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2026:
2015:
2014:
1997:(5): 1204–1235.
1986:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1954:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1913:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1702:. Archived from
1692:
1686:
1685:
1649:
1628:
1627:
1614:
1582:
1571:
1570:
1538:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1473:. 6 March 2017.
1459:
1436:
1435:
1401:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1158:control system.
1139:tinnitus maskers
610:Acoustic neuroma
486:external sound.
416:anxiety disorder
404:
375:Sound generators
332:emotional stress
237:sound generators
198:emotional stress
194:inner ear tumors
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
78:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
58:
55:
52:
31:
30:
8553:
8552:
8548:
8547:
8546:
8544:
8543:
8542:
8523:Psychoacoustics
8508:
8507:
8506:
8501:
8452:
8433:Toxic workplace
8413:Risk management
8306:
8260:
8241:Risk assessment
8137:
8096:
8050:
8021:
8012:
7966:
7920:Physical hazard
7915:Chemical hazard
7896:
7889:
7654:
7651:
7644:
7639:
7609:
7604:
7576:
7555:
7491:
7483:
7460:
7451:Diseases of the
7448:
7418:
7413:
7412:
7367:
7366:
7310:
7293:Tinnitus.org UK
7284:
7250:
7213:
7211:
7193:
7152:
7142:Wiley-Blackwell
7128:
7126:Further reading
7123:
7122:
7083:
7079:
7060:
7056:
7025:
7021:
6982:
6978:
6947:
6943:
6926:
6925:
6921:
6904:
6903:
6899:
6868:
6864:
6819:
6815:
6770:
6766:
6735:(3): CD003852.
6721:
6717:
6690:
6686:
6676:
6674:
6664:
6657:
6647:
6645:
6635:
6631:
6621:
6619:
6609:
6605:
6578:
6574:
6529:
6525:
6518:
6504:
6500:
6461:
6457:
6426:(8): CD013093.
6412:
6408:
6365:
6361:
6338:
6334:
6303:(7): CD007960.
6289:
6285:
6246:
6242:
6195:
6191:
6154:
6150:
6113:
6109:
6078:(9): CD003853.
6064:
6060:
6029:
6020:
5987:
5983:
5936:
5932:
5885:
5881:
5836:
5832:
5801:(3): CD007330.
5787:
5783:
5738:
5731:
5686:
5682:
5637:
5633:
5602:
5598:
5588:
5586:
5571:
5567:
5536:
5532:
5501:
5497:
5452:
5445:
5408:
5404:
5390:
5388:
5387:. 20 March 2015
5377:
5376:
5372:
5333:
5329:
5290:
5286:
5262:
5258:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5199:
5195:
5185:
5183:
5173:
5169:
5122:
5118:
5108:
5106:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5081:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5028:
5019:
4980:
4976:
4931:
4927:
4888:
4884:
4853:(26): 451–458.
4839:
4835:
4790:
4786:
4765:(9): CD005233.
4759:
4752:
4707:
4703:
4692:
4688:
4648:
4644:
4629:
4607:
4603:
4578:
4555:
4551:
4519:
4515:
4483:
4479:
4448:
4444:
4412:
4408:
4371:
4367:
4322:
4318:
4303:
4281:
4277:
4222:
4218:
4171:
4167:
4128:
4124:
4115:
4111:
4080:
4076:
4053:
4049:
4010:
4006:
3961:
3957:
3926:(12): 799–812.
3912:
3908:
3861:
3857:
3834:
3830:
3823:
3799:
3795:
3756:
3752:
3697:
3693:
3654:
3650:
3613:
3609:
3556:
3552:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3496:on 22 July 2018
3493:
3482:
3476:
3469:
3430:
3426:
3395:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3313:
3286:
3282:
3271:
3255:
3251:
3198:
3194:
3171:
3167:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3063:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3033:
3029:
3014:
2992:
2988:
2943:
2934:
2911:
2902:
2857:
2853:
2798:
2791:
2768:
2764:
2719:
2715:
2702:(42): 133–136.
2690:Chan Y (2009).
2688:
2684:
2643:
2636:
2617:
2613:
2573:
2569:
2530:
2526:
2507:
2503:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2424:
2420:
2389:
2380:
2341:
2337:
2300:
2296:
2257:
2253:
2222:
2218:
2187:
2183:
2148:Ear and Hearing
2144:
2140:
2133:
2119:
2115:
2070:
2066:
2031:Pharmacotherapy
2027:
2018:
1987:
1978:
1931:
1927:
1890:
1886:
1871:
1849:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1772:
1768:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1650:
1631:
1583:
1574:
1539:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1461:
1460:
1439:
1424:
1402:
1391:
1386:
1319:Medicine portal
1317:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1298:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1246:
1215:
1213:Neuromodulation
1201:Botulinum toxin
1191:anticonvulsants
1183:benzodiazepines
1175:antidepressants
1171:
1127:
1103:
1083:
1065:their hearing.
1043:
1034:
1018:
1006:
982:
980:Psychoacoustics
969:
945:medical imaging
941:
925:
923:Pathophysiology
861:glomus jugulare
822:atherosclerosis
799:atherosclerosis
787:
778:
756:
704:Other factors:
676:
573:Eustachian tube
533:
517:benzodiazepines
492:
445:
428:
411:
402:
399:
387:
347:medical imaging
264:comes from the
117:
84:
80:
49:
45:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8551:
8541:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8503:
8502:
8500:
8499:
8487:
8486:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8451:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8423:Source control
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8398:Process safety
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8358:Health physics
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8314:
8312:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8304:
8299:
8289:
8279:
8274:
8268:
8266:
8262:
8261:
8259:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8246:Safety culture
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8226:Permit To Work
8223:
8221:Lockout-tagout
8218:
8213:
8212:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8145:
8143:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8135:
8130:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8108:
8106:
8102:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8095:
8094:
8088:
8083:
8077:
8071:
8065:
8058:
8056:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8032:
8030:
8023:
8014:
8013:
8011:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7974:
7972:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7928:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7901:
7899:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7887:
7885:Writer's cramp
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7840:Pneumoconiosis
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7805:Lead poisoning
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7780:Golfer's elbow
7777:
7772:
7767:
7765:Fiddler's neck
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7720:Chronic stress
7717:
7712:
7707:
7705:Cardiovascular
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7661:
7659:
7646:
7645:
7638:
7637:
7630:
7623:
7615:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7595:
7584:
7582:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7574:
7569:
7563:
7561:
7557:
7556:
7554:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7516:
7515:
7514:
7504:
7498:
7496:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7481:
7476:
7474:Otitis externa
7470:
7468:
7462:
7461:
7447:
7446:
7439:
7432:
7424:
7415:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7399:
7388:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7353:
7342:
7327:
7311:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7302:Classification
7296:
7295:
7290:
7283:
7282:External links
7280:
7279:
7278:
7248:
7223:
7191:
7172:
7150:
7127:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7093:(8): 645–648.
7077:
7054:
7035:(6): 431–434.
7019:
6976:
6957:(3): 363–369.
6941:
6919:
6908:(in Swedish).
6897:
6878:(2): 239–248.
6862:
6813:
6764:
6715:
6684:
6655:
6629:
6603:
6572:
6543:(4): 687–702.
6523:
6516:
6498:
6471:(7): 820–828.
6455:
6406:
6359:
6332:
6283:
6256:(3): 263–270.
6240:
6189:
6148:
6107:
6058:
6018:
5981:
5930:
5879:
5850:(6): 434–438.
5830:
5781:
5729:
5700:(3): 150–160.
5680:
5631:
5596:
5565:
5530:
5511:(4): 545–553.
5495:
5443:
5422:(4): 667–683.
5402:
5370:
5343:(3): 198–212.
5327:
5300:(5): 569–572.
5284:
5273:(6): 601–636.
5256:
5242:
5193:
5167:
5116:
5091:
5065:
5017:
4990:(6): 621–628.
4984:Health Physics
4974:
4925:
4898:(5): 348–357.
4882:
4833:
4784:
4750:
4721:(2): 112–121.
4701:
4686:
4659:(2): 153–176.
4642:
4627:
4601:
4576:
4549:
4530:(5): 388–393.
4513:
4494:(4): 420–436.
4477:
4442:
4423:(4): 402–419.
4406:
4365:
4336:(4): 417–435.
4316:
4301:
4275:
4236:(12): e82995.
4216:
4165:
4138:(3): 138–155.
4122:
4109:
4090:(4): 911–917.
4074:
4063:(1): 120–126.
4047:
4020:(7): 553–557.
4004:
3975:(3): 150–160.
3955:
3906:
3855:
3828:
3821:
3793:
3750:
3691:
3664:(3): 249–253.
3648:
3607:
3550:
3523:(7): 892–895.
3507:
3467:
3440:(3): 400–411.
3424:
3389:
3356:
3338:
3311:
3280:
3269:
3249:
3192:
3181:(1): 120–106.
3165:
3114:
3107:
3084:
3077:
3054:
3039:. Stason.org.
3027:
3012:
2986:
2957:(4): 543–553.
2932:
2921:(2): 106–113.
2900:
2851:
2789:
2778:(3): 186–192.
2762:
2713:
2682:
2660:10.1.1.22.2488
2653:(6): 351–362.
2634:
2611:
2584:(3): 177–188.
2567:
2524:
2501:
2441:
2418:
2378:
2351:(5): 261–272.
2335:
2294:
2251:
2232:(7): 977–990.
2216:
2197:(8): 711–718.
2181:
2154:(3): 407–412.
2138:
2131:
2113:
2084:(4): 361–370.
2064:
2016:
1976:
1925:
1904:(4): 205–208.
1884:
1869:
1843:
1840:. 17 May 2021.
1829:
1815:
1786:(2): 466–469.
1766:
1717:
1687:
1660:(9): 920–930.
1629:
1572:
1488:
1437:
1422:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1365:Safe listening
1362:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1306:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1245:
1242:
1214:
1211:
1170:
1167:
1126:
1123:
1102:
1099:
1082:
1079:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1017:
1014:
1005:
1002:
981:
978:
968:
965:
940:
937:
924:
921:
897:tensor tympani
853:paragangliomas
826:carotid artery
786:
783:
777:
774:
755:
752:
751:
750:
749:
748:
734:
729:
728:
727:
722:
710:
702:
701:
700:
695:
686:
685:
684:
679:
674:
664:
659:
658:
657:
652:
647:
642:
631:
630:
629:
628:
627:
621:
619:lead poisoning
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
586:
578:
577:
576:
570:
565:
560:
555:
552:
550:Acoustic shock
532:
529:
491:
488:
453:auditory nerve
444:
441:
427:
424:
410:
407:
398:
395:
386:
383:
304:ear infections
252:
251:
248:
244:
243:
230:
226:
225:
215:
209:
208:
178:ear infections
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
155:
149:
148:
145:
139:
138:
125:
119:
118:
116:
115:
42:
40:
36:
35:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8550:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8498:
8497:
8488:
8484:
8483:Organizations
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8470:
8469:
8468:
8459:
8458:
8455:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8403:Public health
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8313:
8309:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8296:United States
8293:
8290:
8287:
8286:United States
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8267:
8263:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8164:Diving safety
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8140:
8134:
8131:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8109:
8107:
8103:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8060:
8059:
8057:
8053:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8033:
8031:
8029:International
8027:
8024:
8022:organizations
8019:
8015:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7973:
7969:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7907:
7906:
7903:
7902:
7900:
7898:
7895:Occupational
7892:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7865:Sports injury
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7810:Low back pain
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7760:Farmer's lung
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7653:
7650:Occupational
7647:
7643:
7636:
7631:
7629:
7624:
7622:
7617:
7616:
7613:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7590:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7579:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7564:
7562:
7558:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7520:
7517:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7502:Cholesteatoma
7500:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7490:
7486:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7471:
7469:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7455:
7452:
7445:
7440:
7438:
7433:
7431:
7426:
7425:
7422:
7409:
7405:
7404:
7400:
7398:
7394:
7393:
7389:
7387:
7383:
7382:
7378:
7377:
7374:
7370:
7363:
7359:
7358:
7354:
7352:
7348:
7347:
7343:
7341:
7337:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7312:
7309:
7304:
7300:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7285:
7275:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7245:
7241:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7224:
7222:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7198:
7194:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7179:
7173:
7169:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7135:
7130:
7129:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7092:
7088:
7081:
7073:
7069:
7065:
7058:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7023:
7015:
7011:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6980:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6945:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6923:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6901:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6866:
6858:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6832:
6828:
6824:
6817:
6809:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6779:
6775:
6768:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6719:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6688:
6673:
6669:
6662:
6660:
6644:
6640:
6633:
6618:
6617:MedPage Today
6614:
6607:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6576:
6568:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6527:
6519:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6494:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6459:
6451:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6410:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6374:
6370:
6363:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6336:
6328:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6287:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6244:
6236:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6193:
6185:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6152:
6144:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6126:
6122:
6118:
6111:
6103:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6062:
6054:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6015:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5977:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5934:
5926:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5883:
5875:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5834:
5826:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5785:
5777:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5736:
5734:
5725:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5684:
5676:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5635:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5600:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5569:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5534:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5499:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5450:
5448:
5439:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5331:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5288:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5260:
5252:
5246:
5238:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5197:
5182:
5178:
5171:
5163:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5120:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5079:
5075:
5069:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4929:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4837:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4757:
4755:
4746:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4705:
4697:
4690:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4646:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4605:
4597:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4517:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4458:(2): 85–100.
4457:
4453:
4446:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4320:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4169:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4113:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4078:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4008:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3847:
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3839:
3832:
3824:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3687:
3683:
3679:
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3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3472:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3361:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3089:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3061:
3059:
3042:
3038:
3035:Stas Bekman.
3031:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2847:
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2812:(4): e34878.
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2025:
2023:
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2012:
2008:
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1996:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1968:
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1958:
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1320:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1291:
1275:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1250:Ginkgo biloba
1241:
1239:
1238:neurofeedback
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
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1176:
1166:
1163:
1159:
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1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:sound therapy
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1101:Psychological
1098:
1096:
1092:
1091:sound therapy
1088:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1027:
1023:
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890:
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870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
827:
823:
819:
818:sigmoid sinus
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
782:
773:
771:
767:
765:
761:
746:
742:
738:
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733:
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723:
721:
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715:
711:
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458:
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394:
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366:
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160:
156:
154:
153:Complications
150:
146:
144:
140:
137:
133:
129:
126:
124:
120:
111:
76:
44:
43:
41:
39:Pronunciation
37:
32:
26:
22:
8494:
8465:
8292:Right to sit
8282:Potty parity
7879:
7875:Tennis elbow
7870:Surfer's ear
7815:Mesothelioma
7785:Hearing loss
7598:tympanometry
7572:Hearing loss
7541:Otitis media
7401:
7390:
7379:
7355:
7344:
7329:
7314:
7230:. New York:
7227:
7212:. Retrieved
7177:
7137:
7090:
7086:
7080:
7063:
7057:
7032:
7028:
7022:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6954:
6950:
6944:
6936:the original
6922:
6914:the original
6900:
6875:
6871:
6865:
6830:
6826:
6816:
6781:
6777:
6767:
6732:
6728:
6718:
6693:
6687:
6675:. Retrieved
6671:
6646:. Retrieved
6642:
6632:
6620:. Retrieved
6616:
6606:
6589:
6585:
6575:
6540:
6536:
6526:
6507:
6501:
6468:
6464:
6458:
6423:
6419:
6409:
6376:
6372:
6362:
6345:
6335:
6300:
6296:
6286:
6253:
6249:
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6206:
6202:
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6165:
6161:
6151:
6124:
6120:
6110:
6075:
6071:
6061:
6036:
6032:
5989:
5984:
5947:
5943:
5933:
5896:
5892:
5882:
5847:
5843:
5833:
5798:
5794:
5784:
5749:
5745:
5697:
5693:
5683:
5648:
5644:
5634:
5612:(1): 62–75.
5609:
5605:
5599:
5587:. Retrieved
5578:
5568:
5543:
5539:
5533:
5508:
5504:
5498:
5463:
5459:
5419:
5415:
5405:
5396:
5389:. Retrieved
5382:
5373:
5340:
5336:
5330:
5297:
5293:
5287:
5270:
5266:
5259:
5245:
5210:
5206:
5196:
5184:. Retrieved
5180:
5170:
5136:(17): 9036.
5133:
5129:
5119:
5107:. Retrieved
5103:
5094:
5082:. Retrieved
5077:
5068:
5035:
5031:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4945:: S162–173.
4942:
4938:
4928:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4850:
4846:
4836:
4801:
4797:
4787:
4762:
4718:
4714:
4704:
4695:
4689:
4656:
4652:
4645:
4610:
4604:
4559:
4552:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4333:
4329:
4319:
4284:
4278:
4233:
4229:
4219:
4182:
4178:
4168:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4117:
4112:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4017:
4013:
4007:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3844:(1): 37–44.
3841:
3837:
3831:
3802:
3796:
3766:(1): 33–36.
3763:
3759:
3753:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3624:
3620:
3610:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3498:. Retrieved
3491:the original
3486:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3380:. Retrieved
3371:
3341:
3329:. Retrieved
3301:
3283:
3259:
3252:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3097:
3067:
3045:. Retrieved
3030:
2995:
2989:
2954:
2950:
2918:
2914:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2809:
2805:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2733:(2): 27001.
2730:
2726:
2716:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2650:
2646:
2620:
2614:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2510:
2504:
2461:
2457:
2444:
2427:
2421:
2396:
2392:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2122:
2116:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2034:
2030:
1994:
1990:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1852:
1846:
1832:
1818:
1783:
1780:Laryngoscope
1779:
1769:
1737:(1): 28–35.
1734:
1730:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:the original
1699:
1690:
1657:
1653:
1624:
1597:(1): 11–19.
1594:
1590:
1550:
1546:
1481:20 September
1479:. Retrieved
1466:
1405:
1377:Zwicker tone
1299:
1286:
1278:Epidemiology
1273:
1248:
1247:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1205:
1199:
1172:
1160:
1144:hearing loss
1135:hearing aids
1128:
1104:
1095:hearing aids
1087:talk therapy
1084:
1071:
1067:
1052:
1035:
1019:
1010:
1007:
995:
991:
983:
970:
961:
957:
953:otosclerosis
942:
934:
930:hearing loss
926:
912:
885:otosclerosis
869:facial nerve
835:), or dural
814:jugular bulb
803:
794:
790:
788:
779:
768:
759:
757:
741:encephalitis
568:Otosclerosis
541:hearing loss
534:
514:
507:
504:
496:hearing loss
493:
490:Hearing loss
479:neuroplastic
476:
469:
461:neurological
446:
429:
420:
412:
400:
388:
379:hearing aids
371:talk therapy
367:
336:
316:brain tumors
292:
283:hearing loss
280:
268:
261:
256:
255:
241:hearing aids
204:, excessive
190:brain tumors
25:
8328:Drug policy
8265:Legislation
7971:Professions
7795:Indium lung
7690:Brucellosis
7685:Berylliosis
7519:Mastoiditis
7381:MedlinePlus
7134:Andersson G
7132:Baguley D,
6963:11655/17046
6643:Drug Topics
5589:20 December
5546:: 105–121.
5337:Drug Safety
5100:"Bike news"
3405:: 147–149.
3134:: 209–218.
2464:: 255–265.
2314:: 195–212.
1195:betahistine
1179:acamprosate
1169:Medications
1162:Neuromonics
1156:hearing aid
998:hyperacusis
865:hemangiomas
689:Psychiatric
669:disorders:
650:Head injury
636:disorders:
626:medications
589:Presbycusis
575:dysfunction
483:homeostatic
433:stethoscope
355:stethoscope
324:head injury
300:presbycusis
162:Usual onset
8512:Categories
8428:Toxic tort
8378:Job strain
8348:Ergonomics
8323:Break room
7845:Radium jaw
7835:Phossy jaw
7710:Chalicosis
7680:Barotrauma
7670:Asbestosis
7489:Middle ear
7479:Otomycosis
7458:middle ear
7403:Patient UK
7357:DiseasesDB
7258:2010934377
7214:5 November
7201:2012471552
7160:2012032714
6508:Martindale
6209:(6): 779.
6203:Healthcare
6158:"Tinnitus"
6117:"Tinnitus"
6014:PMC7390392
3331:27 October
3047:26 October
1945:(47): 47.
1710:20 January
1547:The Lancet
1543:"Tinnitus"
1463:"Tinnitus"
1384:References
1207:Caroverine
1133:by either
1081:Management
1041:Prevention
877:Middle ear
845:vasculitis
806:middle ear
708:Vasculitis
694:Depression
691:disorders
677:deficiency
634:Neurologic
465:hair cells
457:otological
349:, such as
276:depression
233:Counseling
8518:Audiology
8149:Checklist
8117:ISO 45001
8105:Standards
7855:Silicosis
7665:Acrodynia
7593:pneumatic
7466:Outer ear
7392:eMedicine
7274:724696022
7270:771366370
7266:695388693
7209:648331153
7168:712915603
7072:275152841
6971:695291085
6759:205171459
5899:(1): 67.
5752:: Doc04.
5398:symptoms.
5322:218879738
5060:206468767
4385:: 17–33.
4042:218635840
3727:1664-2295
3584:2167-4825
3462:247584230
3293:Shulgin A
3289:Shulgin A
2655:CiteSeerX
2629:237191959
2496:205103174
2059:224828345
1327:Audiology
1270:Prognosis
1259:melatonin
1187:melatonin
1062:ear plugs
1024:(TCD) or
967:Audiology
939:Diagnosis
901:inner ear
893:stapedial
873:cavernous
810:inner ear
764:myoclonus
720:5-MeO-DET
673:Vitamin B
667:Metabolic
525:bupropion
449:inner ear
363:inner ear
339:audiogram
247:Frequency
229:Treatment
219:audiogram
136:neurology
132:audiology
123:Specialty
8538:Symptoms
8478:Journals
8467:Category
8393:Overwork
8311:See also
8064:(Canada)
8055:National
8018:Agencies
7880:Tinnitus
7750:Erethism
7657:injuries
7652:diseases
7588:Otoscope
7567:Ear pain
7560:Symptoms
7408:Tinnitus
7232:Springer
7183:Elsevier
7115:34443303
7107:20371585
7014:24633085
7006:29094364
6892:12856294
6857:21808880
6808:27879981
6751:23543524
6710:21975776
6567:19712015
6493:23675169
6485:27273401
6450:30908589
6401:36037973
6393:26100030
6369:Saliba I
6354:24049842
6327:21735419
6278:16466238
6270:25597877
6235:34205776
6184:25328113
6168:: 0506.
6143:21726476
6102:22972065
6053:29601255
6006:23152235
5976:30177869
5925:22781312
5874:30599026
5825:20238353
5776:28025604
5724:26868680
5675:30589445
5626:24622861
5583:Archived
5560:25193001
5525:21237544
5490:21671234
5438:32381341
5365:23522352
5314:11583387
5279:21796866
5237:31747526
5162:34501628
5084:26 March
5052:25273878
5012:37236570
5004:17495664
4961:14628312
4920:22964919
4912:22552697
4877:23885280
4828:28203490
4804:(1): 5.
4779:20824844
4745:22789414
4673:22156949
4637:17956815
4596:17956816
4544:11678946
4508:25478787
4472:15807048
4437:25104073
4401:24012803
4360:18712566
4311:17956813
4270:24349414
4230:PLOS ONE
4211:26583098
4160:34933069
4152:10755810
4069:14727828
4034:32406274
3999:26868680
3950:27871729
3901:26977153
3875:: 1–13.
3850:14763234
3788:20886638
3745:28503164
3678:15096317
3643:15956490
3602:28203490
3570:(1): 5.
3545:33725476
3454:35307901
3419:29224758
3376:Archived
3351:Archived
3325:Archived
3321:38503252
3295:(1997).
3275:Archived
3244:10698728
3187:14727828
3160:20628627
3041:Archived
2981:32334867
2927:24444578
2895:21940438
2846:22529949
2806:PLOS ONE
2757:36722980
2708:19833060
2677:10609479
2606:24297897
2598:23301660
2562:19389202
2554:19012118
2519:42771695
2488:26342399
2436:42771695
2413:16411806
2373:18675226
2365:10331618
2330:12324394
2289:41610361
2281:10407886
2246:12238249
2211:20670725
2176:23601127
2168:20124901
2108:19183705
2051:33080070
2011:16411806
1971:22701404
1920:29621860
1810:27301552
1761:30909841
1700:ENT kent
1682:13402806
1674:23948178
1621:19513328
1567:23827090
1475:Archived
1432:25726282
1305:See also
1296:Children
1074:ototoxic
1056:to loud
1004:Severity
829:aneurysm
624:Ototoxic
509:Ototoxic
502:injury.
500:cochlear
403:duration
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