31:
275:
in 1652, it is not recorded until 1715 although
Kozietulski stated in 1888 that it had been popular in Poland for two centuries which dates its appearance there to the late 17th century and he doubts it is of Polish origin on account of its French name and the marriage feature which appears in old
93:
of between 20 and 36 cards, there are 120 card points and thus a winning total is typically 61 points. Wins are doubled for scoring three-quarters of the total points and trebled for winning every trick, a scoring system known as the
315:
this change does not appear, however, until as late as 1899. So in most ace–ten games nowadays the Tens are high. A few games retain the natural ranking in which Tens are low, an indication that they are older:
267:, which dates to at least 1591, is the earliest known game with an ace–ten scoring system. However, its scoring and ranking system (A 11, K3, Q 2, J 1, T 10, rest 0) are those of early Dutch
220:
argued that they were most likely to have been invented by users of French cards in the
Netherlands area, a hypothesis supported by the Dutch origin of the Swiss national game of
89:
below the ten generally have no card point value and the pack is often shortened by removing the lower pip cards or 'non-counters'. This means that, in a typical
355:
Many ace–ten games have achieved national or regional status. They are usually played with cards typical of their particular country or region. These include:
307:
Probably around 1820, the Ten began to be promoted from its natural position between the Jack and the Nine to take its place between the Ace and King. In
271:, with the exception of the promotion of the Jack and 9 in trumps; thus it may be of Dutch origin. Despite unfounded claims for the invention of 66 at
279:
The earliest recorded rules for a game with a form of ace–ten scheme date to around 1672 when
Willughby published the only known description of
1033:
A Volume of Plaies (ms.) - published as
Francis Willughby's Book of Games: A Seventeenth- Century Treatise on Sports, Games, and Pastimes
152:
uses a similar scoring system, but the courts are worth one point less i.e. the king is 3 points, the queen 2 and the knave 1.
17:
1041:
979:
287:
to collect cards with penalty points. However, losing lodam is mentioned as early as 1586 and may be the same as the game of
177:. Apart from that, the earliest known record of a point-trick game dates to 1522 when Rümpffen was described alongside,
1020:
925:
225:
957:
899:
833:
216:
Although the origin of ace–ten games is uncertain, scholars have proposed a number of theories. In 1980,
1060:
754:
57:
Many of Europe's most popular card games feature the ace–ten scoring system, where the cards count as
130:
of the same suit. In many cases, bonuses are awarded for other melds and for taking the last trick.
725:
126:. Bonuses are added for melding a 'marriage' or 'pair' comprising a king and queen or king and
493:
80:
66:
8:
518:
478:
330:
325:
233:
217:
205:
76:
70:
62:
49:, highly popular in Europe, in which the aces and tens are of particularly high value.
35:
1037:
1016:
975:
953:
933:
895:
537:
In
Schnapsen and Bavarian sixty-six, the last trick wins the game rather than a bonus
484:
419:
308:
263:
The earliest record of any ace–ten game, surprising, is for the old
English game of
425:
413:
320:
253:
201:
166:
99:
136:
group. The trump jack and trump nine are permanent top trumps, typically known as
1031:
999:
499:
1003:
513:
344:
237:
123:
90:
795:
1054:
967:
945:
937:
454:
296:
180:
30:
472:
362:, France's national card game, very similar to Dutch Klaberjass (see below)
280:
264:
149:
27:
Type of card game in which the aces and tens are of particularly high value
184:
389:
144:. There are usually bonuses for various melds and taking the last trick.
460:
383:
335:
312:
249:
170:
466:
407:
401:
272:
245:
193:
109:
46:
993:
1030:
Willughby, Francis (2003) . David Cram; Jeffrey L. Forgeng (eds.).
989:
395:
371:
339:
292:
197:
86:
98:
after its "most illustrious" example, the German national game of
448:
365:
229:
475:, with the earliest recorded rules of an ace–ten system (1672).
359:
174:
169:
which go back a long way and may have been invented along with
451:, "one of the most illustrious games of European high society"
112:
group. The trump suit is bolstered by the promotion of each
481:, oldest known game of the Marriage family of ace–ten games
431:
377:
268:
257:
241:
221:
133:
928:(May–June 2000). "Playing the Game: Jass Games–a survey".
34:
The ace (deuce) and ten of bells from a
Bavarian pattern,
858:
856:
779:
777:
738:
736:
671:
350:
58:
589:
587:
574:
572:
570:
386:, the Dutch invented "international, classic two-hander"
626:
868:
853:
841:
815:
774:
762:
733:
730:
at www.schwaebisch-schwaetza.de. Retrieved 16 Sep 2018
707:
659:
695:
584:
567:
295:
in 1534. Another early example is the French game of
838:
at everybodylovesportugal.com. Retrieved 16 Sep 2018
683:
638:
759:
at www.learn-swiss-german.ch. Retrieved 16 Sep 2018
236:in the 16th century along various paths to produce
803:
490:Six-bid, modern American game derived from Tarock
1052:
228:wrote that we can trace their development "from
550:5th edn. Leipzig: Wigand, and Walther (1899)
211:
105:There are 3 branches of the ace–ten family:
992:(1894) . "1.XXII.—The games of Gargantua".
915:
835:Sueca, the most famous Portuguese card game
677:
120:(queen) or both to be permanent top trumps.
208:, which is described in England in 1586.
192:. The game is also mentioned in 1539 in a
1029:
701:
988:
689:
443:Other well-known ace–ten games include:
29:
966:
944:
889:
874:
862:
847:
821:
800:at www.pagat.com. Retrieved 16 Sep 2018
783:
768:
742:
713:
665:
632:
593:
578:
302:
283:, a negative game in which the aim was
14:
1053:
924:
644:
617:
438:
351:Games with national or regional status
1010:
809:
487:, a 24-card variant played in Russia
469:, an early ancestor of ace–ten games
160:
374:, one of Italy's most popular games
291:(..."he who wins loses") listed by
204:was current in Venice in 1524, and
196:play. Other early examples include
24:
422:, Portugal's most famous card game
368:, Württemberg's national card game
25:
1072:
916:Kozietulski, Stanislaw (1888).
554:. Leipzig: Siegbert Schnurpfeil.
392:, Czechoslovakia's national game
883:
827:
789:
748:
719:
540:
457:, rules first recorded in 1718.
148:The historical English game of
972:The Penguin Book of Card Games
920:. Warsaw: Synow or Orgelbrand.
650:
608:
599:
531:
299:whose rules appeared in 1718.
165:Ace-ten games are a subset of
52:
13:
1:
561:
380:, Switzerland's national game
932:. Vol. 28, no. 6.
524:
7:
727:Binokel - Die Spielregeln I
605:Güthel (1522), F iii recto.
507:
398:, US, an "American classic"
10:
1077:
212:Emergence of ace–ten games
155:
890:Dummett, Michael (1980).
485:Russian schnapsen or 1000
416:, Germany's national game
410:, Austria's national game
404:, Bavaria's national game
289:coquinbert qui gagne perd
995:Gargantua and Pantagruel
434:, Latvia's national game
950:A History of Card Games
623:Parlett (2008), p. 201.
548:Encyclopädia der Spiele
428:, Spain's national game
1011:Tompa, Martin (2015).
38:
1036:. Oxford: Routledge.
1006:. Derby: Moray Press.
908:Florio, John (1591).
894:. London: Duckworth.
656:Florio (1591), p. 67.
200:, which we know from
33:
614:Sachs (1539), p. 31.
303:Promotion of the ten
240:and Tyziacha, Maria
1000:Sir Thomas Urquhart
974:. London: Penguin.
912:. London: Woodcock.
439:Other ace–ten games
218:Sir Michael Dummett
990:Rabelais, François
552:Das Schafkopfspiel
546:C.f. Anton (1889)
496:, Bavaria, Germany
463:, Northern Germany
39:
36:German-suited pack
18:Ace–ten card games
1043:978-1-85928-460-5
1013:Winning Schnapsen
1002:. Illustrated by
981:978-0-141-03787-5
892:The Game of Tarot
635:, pp. 561–2.
309:Wendish Schafkopf
256:, as well as the
167:point-trick games
161:Point-trick games
16:(Redirected from
1068:
1047:
1026:
1007:
998:. Translated by
985:
963:
941:
930:The Playing-Card
921:
905:
878:
872:
866:
860:
851:
845:
839:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
793:
787:
781:
772:
766:
760:
752:
746:
740:
731:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
678:Kozietulski 1888
675:
669:
663:
657:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
621:
615:
612:
606:
603:
597:
591:
582:
576:
555:
544:
538:
535:
321:German Schafkopf
202:Girolamo Cardano
61:= 11, ten = 10,
21:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1023:
982:
960:
952:. Oxford: OUP.
902:
886:
881:
873:
869:
861:
854:
846:
842:
832:
828:
820:
816:
808:
804:
794:
790:
782:
775:
767:
763:
753:
749:
741:
734:
724:
720:
712:
708:
700:
696:
688:
684:
676:
672:
664:
660:
655:
651:
643:
639:
631:
627:
622:
618:
613:
609:
604:
600:
592:
585:
577:
568:
564:
559:
558:
545:
541:
536:
532:
527:
519:Jack–nine games
510:
505:
441:
353:
305:
276:French games.
214:
163:
158:
116:(jack) or each
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1027:
1022:978-1515377368
1021:
1008:
986:
980:
968:Parlett, David
964:
958:
946:Parlett, David
942:
922:
913:
906:
900:
885:
882:
880:
879:
877:, p. 282.
867:
865:, p. 266.
852:
850:, p. 287.
840:
826:
824:, p. 271.
814:
802:
788:
786:, p. 285.
773:
771:, p. 295.
761:
747:
745:, p. 281.
732:
718:
716:, p. 297.
706:
702:Willughby 2003
694:
682:
670:
668:, p. 261.
658:
649:
647:, p. 280.
637:
625:
616:
607:
598:
596:, p. 263.
583:
581:, p. 211.
565:
563:
560:
557:
556:
539:
529:
528:
526:
523:
522:
521:
516:
514:Marriage group
509:
506:
504:
503:
497:
491:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
445:
440:
437:
436:
435:
429:
423:
417:
411:
405:
399:
393:
387:
381:
375:
369:
363:
352:
349:
348:
347:
345:Loosing Loadum
342:
333:
328:
323:
304:
301:
213:
210:
162:
159:
157:
154:
146:
145:
131:
124:Marriage group
121:
91:shortened pack
54:
51:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1073:
1062:
1061:Ace–ten games
1059:
1058:
1056:
1045:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
987:
983:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
959:0-19-282905-X
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
914:
911:
910:Second Frutes
907:
903:
901:0-7156-1014-7
897:
893:
888:
887:
876:
871:
864:
859:
857:
849:
844:
837:
836:
830:
823:
818:
811:
806:
799:
798:
792:
785:
780:
778:
770:
765:
758:
757:
751:
744:
739:
737:
729:
728:
722:
715:
710:
703:
698:
691:
690:Rabelais 1894
686:
680:, p. 14.
679:
674:
667:
662:
653:
646:
641:
634:
629:
620:
611:
602:
595:
590:
588:
580:
575:
573:
571:
566:
553:
549:
543:
534:
530:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
455:Brusquembille
453:
450:
447:
446:
444:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
357:
356:
346:
343:
341:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
317:
314:
310:
300:
298:
297:Brusquembille
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:Bockenmendeln
187:
186:
182:
176:
172:
168:
153:
151:
143:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
101:
97:
96:skat schedule
92:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
60:
50:
48:
45:is a type of
44:
37:
32:
19:
1032:
1012:
1004:Gustave Doré
994:
971:
949:
929:
926:McLeod, John
917:
909:
891:
884:Bibliography
875:Parlett 1991
870:
863:Parlett 1991
848:Parlett 1991
843:
834:
829:
822:Parlett 1991
817:
812:, p. 1.
805:
796:
791:
784:Parlett 1991
769:Parlett 1991
764:
755:
750:
743:Parlett 1991
726:
721:
714:Parlett 1991
709:
697:
685:
673:
666:Parlett 2008
661:
652:
640:
633:Dummett 1980
628:
619:
610:
601:
594:Parlett 1991
579:Parlett 2008
551:
547:
542:
533:
473:Losing lodam
442:
354:
306:
288:
284:
281:losing lodam
278:
265:losing lodam
262:
215:
189:
181:scherlentzen
178:
164:
150:losing lodam
147:
141:
137:
127:
117:
113:
104:
95:
81:
71:
56:
43:ace–ten game
42:
40:
918:Gry y Karty
645:McLeod 2000
226:John McLeod
224:. In 2000,
171:Tarot cards
53:Description
810:Tompa 2015
562:References
461:Doppelkopf
384:Klaberjass
336:Hindersche
313:Doppelkopf
250:Doppelkopf
185:karnyffeln
938:0305-2133
797:Schafkopf
525:Footnotes
502:, Germany
494:Sixty-six
467:Einwerfen
408:Schnapsen
402:Schafkopf
273:Paderborn
246:Schafkopf
194:Fastnacht
179:flussen,
110:Schafkopf
87:Pip cards
47:card game
1055:Category
970:(2008).
948:(1991).
508:See also
396:Pinochle
372:Briscola
340:Viersche
293:Rabelais
260:games."
198:Trappola
479:Mariage
449:Bezique
366:Binokel
331:Reunion
326:Mariage
234:Mariage
230:Brisque
206:Triumph
156:History
1040:
1019:
978:
956:
936:
898:
500:Tarock
390:Mariáš
360:Belote
175:trumps
420:Sueca
114:Unter
85:= 2.
82:Unter
75:= 3,
67:queen
65:= 4,
1038:ISBN
1017:ISBN
976:ISBN
954:ISBN
934:ISSN
896:ISBN
756:Jass
432:Zole
426:Tute
414:Skat
378:Jass
338:and
311:and
269:Jass
258:Jass
254:Skat
252:and
242:Ulti
232:and
222:Jass
188:and
173:and
142:Nell
140:and
138:Jass
134:Jass
128:Ober
118:Ober
100:skat
77:jack
72:Ober
63:king
285:not
79:or
69:or
59:ace
41:An
1057::
1015:.
855:^
776:^
735:^
586:^
569:^
248:,
244:,
238:66
183:,
102:.
1046:.
1025:.
984:.
962:.
940:.
904:.
704:.
692:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
