286:
394:
275:
130:
28:
199:' perception of tattooing was different, as it was a deep and long-standing cultural embodiment distinguishing them from other cultures. The writings of ancient authors show that in the Balkans tattooing was in the purview of the elites. Iconographic and literary sources reveal in particular that it was especially practiced by the female members of society.
337:. So, the patterns of Catholic tattoos in Bosnia, which until then were known as "circles, semicircles, and lines or twigs", eventually were clearly explained as compounds of rayed (emanating light) suns, moons, and crosses, from an expression of Nature-worship and hearth-worship. Furthermore, the crosses (including
324:
for a description of all the little lines (or twigs) that accompanied a semicircle incised on an old gravestone. They answered that those twigs were "the light coming from the Moon, of course". For
Albanians, the twigs or little lines were the traditional way to represent light, emanated from the Sun
305:
The most common patterns of
Albanian traditional tattoos are suns (also stars), moons (also crescents), and crosses. Many of them also appear on Albanian traditional art (graves, jewellery, embroidery, and house carvings). They are symbols of celestial, light, fire and hearth worship, expressing the
202:
The tattooing practice is most often found in preliterate tribal communities, with women playing the chief role in this custom, both performing the ritual of applying tattoos and wear them. Among other things the tattoos may have been a symbol of sexual maturity, ancestry and tribal affiliations, as
294:
Tattoo patterns of northern
Albanians (top); tattoo patterns of Catholic women (and one man) in Bosnia (bottom). Drawn by Edith Durham in the early 20th century. Many of those patterns also appear on Albanian traditional art (graves, jewellery, embroidery, and house carvings). They are symbols of
1548:
Edith Durham provided information about tattooing in northern
Albania, but 20th century ethnographic research found that traditional tattooing was widespread throughout Albanian inhabited territories.
250:
to the
Catholic Slavic population, while the Orthodox Slavic population abhorred this practice, considering it "Latin". On the other hand, Durham found that in northern Albania it was widespread among
320:, who extensively studied Balkan traditional tattoing with fieldwork research, was able to thoroughly explain the patterns of traditional tattoos only after asking to Albanians of
1821:
2428:
203:
well as religious beliefs. In the western
Balkans, isolated from outside influences, the practice of tattooing continued until the early 20th century in
1535:
1906:
Treimer, Karl (1971). "Zur RĂŒckerschliessung der illyrischen Götterwelt und ihre
Bedeutung fĂŒr die sĂŒdslawische Philologie". In Henrik BariÄ (ed.).
2580:
2585:
110:(1st century BC), whose statements are also confirmed by archaeological findings, ethnographic studies have concluded that the practice of
156:
are considered to have been tools for practicing tattoos. Early figurative representations of this ancient Balkan tradition are found in
17:
1878:
Norman, Camilla (2018). "Illyrian
Vestiges in Daunian Costume: tattoos, string aprons and a helmet". In Gianfranco De Benedittis (ed.).
1840:
1528:
1993:
307:
296:
2140:
2374:
1834:
1896:
1880:
RealtĂ medioadriatiche a confronto: contatti e scambi tra le due sponde. Atti del convegno
Termoli 22-23 luglio 2016
1939:
1521:
1862:
1277:
1793:
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184:. Daunian material culture shows that among them forearms were the most common tattooed parts of the body.
2616:
2473:
1439:
1258:
2384:
2369:
1851:
Lelaj, Olsi (2015). "Mbi tatuazhin në shoqërinë shqiptare" [On Tattoo in the
Albanian Society].
1325:
40:
2611:
2606:
2145:
1335:
1320:
1315:
1173:
326:
227:
visited northern Albania and other areas of the western Balkans, in particular collecting and studying
48:
36:
2094:
1983:
2336:
1409:
285:
2252:
1310:
330:
168:, who were of western Balkan provenance. The custom of tattooing among Daunians can be detected in
2402:
2397:
1263:
1199:
208:
196:
75:
1829:. Historical Dictionaries of Europe. Vol. 75 (2 ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 255.
2105:
176:. It can also be conceivably identified on the wall of a late 4th-century tomb chamber from
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2225:
2077:
1988:
1932:
1434:
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607:
8:
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295:
celestial, light, fire and hearth worship, expressing the favor of the light within the
2524:
2236:
2150:
1567:
1218:
1089:
767:
508:
311:
188:
133:
Early figurative representation of the Palaeo-Balkan custom of tattooing on 610-550 BC
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1973:
1968:
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927:
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Durham reported that girls were tattooed on March 19, which falls in the days of the
232:
2478:
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2024:
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1104:
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1807:
1457:
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1148:
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693:
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236:
990:
753:
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258:
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2438:
2067:
2019:
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1010:
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646:
528:
488:
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1870:
1444:
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587:
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425:
358:
321:
195:
custom that was used exclusively for punitive or ownership purposes, but the
169:
137:
115:
1000:
180:, in which a painting shows tattoos on the arms of the 'priestess' riding a
129:
2323:
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52:
32:
27:
873:
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2534:
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1094:
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1030:
1917:
47:
in some tattoos) has been interpreted as a symbol of the deified fire â
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2014:
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917:
898:
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338:
251:
192:
123:
119:
111:
99:
67:
63:
31:
Albanian traditional tattoo patterns from northern Albania, drawn by
1494:
1382:
1185:
1055:
976:
748:
2358:
2347:
2290:
1963:
1786:
Albania and the Albanians: Selected Articles and Letters, 1903â1944
1487:
1481:
1074:
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951:
941:
818:
617:
478:
469:
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430:
334:
181:
165:
149:
134:
79:
44:
1340:
1178:
1060:
688:
2301:
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1475:
1352:
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1045:
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848:
823:
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562:
557:
552:
533:
440:
247:
212:
204:
83:
71:
2166:
1882:. Campobasso: UniversitĂ degli Studi del Molise. pp. 57â71.
956:
743:
74:. Traditional tattooing has also been practiced by Catholics in
2175:
1948:
1469:
1377:
1347:
1330:
1253:
1225:
1070:
995:
961:
863:
799:
641:
243:
157:
141:
107:
103:
87:
223:
In the first half of the 20th century, British anthropologist
2121:
1391:
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778:
679:
622:
592:
161:
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1748:
1746:
1744:
2158:
572:
177:
66:
is a long-standing tradition that has been practiced since
126:
tribes, who used tattooing to distinguish tribal origins.
114:
among the peoples of the Balkan peninsula was known since
70:
times, kept alive in the mountainous areas of the western
1741:
1676:
1674:
35:
in the early 20th century. They are symbols of the Sun (
1760:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1691:
1689:
1671:
211:, regions that in antiquity were part of the area of
1809:
Some tribal origins, laws and customs of the Balkans
1729:
1592:
1580:
1701:
1686:
1659:
1647:
393:
2269:
1784:Durham, Edith (2004). Bejtullah D. Destani (ed.).
1635:
353:, who evidently was the most prominent god of the
148:Long bronze needles with wooden handles found in
98:Based on the writings of ancient authors such as
2598:
2345:
2299:
2288:
2280:
2242:
2198:
1909:Arhiv za Arbanasku starinu, jezik i etnologiju
254:regardless of their Catholic or Muslim faith.
2356:
2321:
2223:
2119:
1933:
1529:
308:dualistic struggle between light and darkness
297:dualistic struggle between light and darkness
2164:
2156:
2103:
2130:
1912:. Vol. I. R. Trofenik. pp. 27â33.
1940:
1926:
1887:Tirta, Mark (2004). Petrit Bezhani (ed.).
1536:
1522:
372:
218:
1947:
361:, when week-day names were formed in the
51:, evidently also called with the theonym
128:
26:
1905:
1605:
14:
2599:
1877:
1802:
1783:
1754:
1723:
1695:
1680:
1665:
1653:
1629:
1625:
1586:
90:communities (in the western Balkans).
1921:
1891:(in Albanian). Tirana: Mësonjëtorja.
1886:
1850:
1816:
1766:
1735:
1719:
1707:
1641:
1621:
1617:
333:), which was often represented as a
118:. This practice was found among the
24:
345:Karl Treimer as the symbol of the
25:
2633:
164:, in the material culture of the
1823:Historical Dictionary of Albania
392:
284:
273:
2364:code: ipk promoted to code: ik
2353:code: iku promoted to code: iu
2231:code: mya promoted to code: my
2206:code: hrv promoted to code: hr
1863:Centre of Albanological Studies
1776:
1713:
1278:Reconciliation Movement in 1990
357:in Roman times by interpreting
2193:Albanian traditional tattooing
1611:
1149:Kanun (Albanian customary law)
306:favor of the light within the
13:
1:
1573:
191:tattooing was conceived as a
259:Albanian spring celebrations
7:
2243:
1551:
1259:Albanian National Awakening
264:
18:Albanian traditional tattoo
10:
2638:
93:
2573:
2517:
2456:
2411:
2383:
2335:
2313:
2261:
2215:
2185:
2093:
2086:
2038:
2007:
1956:
1889:Mitologjia ndër shqiptarë
341:) have been explained by
246:tattooing was a practice
2429:Nazi concentration camps
2197:Bosnia and Herzegovina (
2087:Traditions and practices
369:) was dedicated to him.
86:), and by women of some
2393:Ancient Egyptian/Nubian
2270:
2120:
2104:
1264:Albanian revolt of 1911
373:Geographic distribution
237:Albanian tribal society
219:Edith Durham's research
2357:
2346:
2322:
2300:
2289:
2281:
2224:
2199:
2165:
2157:
2131:
1994:Religious perspectives
197:ancient Balkan peoples
145:
76:Bosnia and Herzegovina
56:
2039:Process and technique
1504:Traditional tattooing
329:) and from the Moon (
242:Durham found that in
132:
30:
2622:Tattooing traditions
2078:Process of tattooing
608:Highlands of Gjakova
172:and in matt-painted
2474:Chinese calligraphy
1757:, pp. 102â106.
1219:Bukë, Kripë e Zemër
380:Part of a series on
43:); the cross (also
2617:Culture of Albania
2581:European countries
2457:Styles and designs
1846:on 6 October 2014.
1769:, pp. 98â100.
1624:, pp. 68â70;
1568:Culture of Albania
509:Dukagjin highlands
403:Tribes and regions
312:Albanian mythology
189:Graeco-Roman world
146:
102:(5th century BC),
57:
2612:Albanian paganism
2607:Albanian folklore
2594:
2593:
2586:the United States
2452:
2451:
2241:Khmer/Laos/Thai (
1969:Body modification
1854:Kultura Popullore
1683:, pp. 61â62.
1563:Albanian paganism
1558:Albanian folklore
1546:
1545:
1511:
1510:
1410:Kùngë Kreshnikësh
1286:
1285:
1234:
1233:
1154:
1153:
1132:
1131:
363:Albanian language
355:Albanian pantheon
16:(Redirected from
2629:
2365:
2362:
2354:
2351:
2327:
2320:Kurdish/Yazidi (
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2294:
2286:
2275:
2248:
2232:
2229:
2207:
2204:
2170:
2162:
2136:
2125:
2109:
2091:
2090:
2025:Permanent makeup
1942:
1935:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1902:
1883:
1874:
1847:
1845:
1839:. Archived from
1828:
1813:
1799:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1739:
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1711:
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1247:
1246:
1167:
1166:
1145:
1144:
407:
406:
396:
395:
377:
376:
343:Indo-Europeanist
288:
277:
235:material of the
39:) and the Moon (
21:
2637:
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2632:
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2628:
2627:
2626:
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2596:
2595:
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2518:Bodily location
2513:
2448:
2407:
2379:
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2352:
2337:Native American
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2003:
1952:
1946:
1916:
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1604:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1554:
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1513:
1512:
1500:
1449:
1420:
1416:Kùngë majekrahi
1296:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1273:Kachak movement
1268:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1209:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1109:
1065:
1025:
1005:
981:
922:
908:
883:
858:
828:
809:
772:
763:
717:
703:
684:
651:
637:
602:
567:
538:
503:
474:
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411:Malësia e Madhe
404:
386:Albanian tribes
375:
303:
302:
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96:
23:
22:
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11:
5:
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2506:
2501:
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2464:Black-and-gray
2460:
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2449:
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2412:Other contexts
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2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1984:Health effects
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
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1836:978-0810861886
1835:
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1800:
1794:
1788:. I.B.Tauris.
1780:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1759:
1740:
1738:, p. 254.
1728:
1726:, pp. 63.
1722:, p. 94;
1712:
1710:, p. 120.
1700:
1698:, pp. 63.
1685:
1670:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1632:, pp. 63.
1628:, p. 94;
1620:, p. 94;
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1589:, p. 122.
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889:Albania Veneta
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428:
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401:
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389:
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374:
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293:
292:
283:
282:
281:
272:
271:
270:
269:
268:
266:
263:
220:
217:
170:Daunian stelae
138:funerary stele
95:
92:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2634:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2587:
2584:
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2579:
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2566:
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2553:
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2546:
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2541:
2538:
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2533:
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2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:Nautical star
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2444:Tattooed lady
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2385:North African
2382:
2376:
2375:Haudenosaunee
2373:
2371:
2368:
2361:
2360:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2342:
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2338:
2334:
2326:
2325:
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2247:
2246:
2240:
2238:
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2228:
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2218:
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2203:
2202:
2196:
2194:
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2190:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2160:
2154:
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2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:and tattooing
1950:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1904:
1900:
1898:99927-938-9-9
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1818:Elsie, Robert
1815:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1804:Durham, Edith
1801:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1668:, p. 61.
1667:
1662:
1656:, p. 62.
1655:
1650:
1644:, p. 94.
1643:
1638:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1608:, p. 32.
1607:
1602:
1600:
1598:
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1569:
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1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:Sworn virgins
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
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1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
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1198:
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1192:
1189:
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1177:
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1160:
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1125:
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1120:
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1103:
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1016:
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992:
989:
987:
984:
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978:
975:
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968:
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948:
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919:
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905:
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429:
427:
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412:
409:
408:
400:
399:
391:
390:
387:
384:
383:
379:
378:
370:
368:
365:as thursday (
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
319:
315:
313:
309:
298:
287:
276:
262:
260:
255:
253:
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245:
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238:
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230:
226:
216:
214:
210:
206:
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198:
194:
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185:
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175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
139:
136:
131:
127:
125:
121:
117:
116:ancient times
113:
109:
105:
101:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
19:
2574:Legal status
2253:South Korean
2192:
2095:Austronesian
2073:Microblading
1908:
1888:
1879:
1858:
1852:
1841:the original
1822:
1808:
1785:
1777:Bibliography
1762:
1731:
1715:
1703:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1613:
1606:Treimer 1971
1582:
1547:
1503:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1378:Gjamë/Vajtim
656:Puka-Mirdita
366:
322:ThethiâShala
318:Edith Durham
316:
304:
256:
241:
225:Edith Durham
222:
201:
186:
173:
160:, southeast
154:Donja Dolina
147:
97:
59:
58:
33:Edith Durham
2509:Trash polka
1974:Conventions
1755:Durham 1928
1724:Norman 2018
1696:Norman 2018
1681:Norman 2018
1666:Norman 2018
1654:Norman 2018
1630:Norman 2018
1626:Durham 2004
1587:Durham 1928
1429:Sword dance
1388:Epic poetry
1214:Hospitality
1031:Herzegovina
2601:Categories
2550:Lower-back
2494:Old school
2489:New school
2298:Ryukyuan (
2272:Anchi-piri
2118:Filipino (
1865:: 91â118.
1795:1850439397
1767:Lelaj 2015
1736:Tirta 2004
1720:Lelaj 2015
1708:Elsie 2010
1642:Lelaj 2015
1622:Tirta 2004
1618:Lelaj 2015
1574:References
1464:Fustanella
1205:Gjakmarrja
1100:Malakasioi
1090:Kurveleshi
1037:hinterland
991:Palabardhi
947:Bratonishi
777:Zadrimë -
349:fire god,
248:restricted
2525:Body suit
2499:Soundwave
2479:Five dots
2226:Htoe kwin
2222:Burmese (
2141:Marquesan
2030:Temporary
1871:2309-5717
1861:(71â72).
1357:Kulshedra
1124:Souliotes
1021:Goljemadi
967:MalonĆĄiÄi
918:Kakarriqi
899:Pamalioti
840:highlands
781:highlands
768:Kastrioti
713:Dukagjini
494:Lepuroshi
339:swastikas
252:Albanians
112:tattooing
100:Herodotus
64:Albanians
60:Tattooing
2504:Teardrop
2469:Blackout
2424:Criminal
2359:Tavlugun
2348:Kakiniit
2291:Horimono
2279:Yamato (
2262:Japanese
2186:European
2174:Fijian (
2155:Samoan (
2151:Rapa Nui
2146:Mentawai
2129:MÄori (
2102:Atayal (
2051:Cover-up
1964:Body art
1820:(2010).
1806:(1928).
1552:See also
1488:Xhubleta
1482:Xhamadan
1454:Clothing
1306:Paganism
1163:Concepts
1141:Law code
1119:Zenevisi
1105:Mazaraki
1075:Chameria
1051:Mataruga
972:Mataguzi
952:Bytadosi
942:Bukumiri
819:Kryezezi
618:Krasniqi
543:Dushmani
479:Gruemiri
465:Marsheni
450:Kastrati
431:Kelmendi
347:Illyrian
335:crescent
265:Patterns
233:folklore
229:cultural
193:barbaric
182:quadriga
166:Daunians
150:Glasinac
124:Thracian
120:Illyrian
80:Dalmatia
68:Illyrian
45:swastika
2545:Knuckle
2540:Genital
2344:Inuit (
2302:Hajichi
2283:Irezumi
2237:Chinese
2201:Sicanje
2133:TÄ moko
2114:Bornean
2068:Machine
2020:Medical
1999:Removal
1989:History
1949:Tattoos
1476:Qeleshe
1398:Ăifteli
1353:Drangue
1295:Culture
1243:History
1046:Burmazi
1035:Ragusan
913:Kryethi
854:Gjonima
849:Progani
824:Manatia
814:Bulgëri
795:Bushati
790:Zadrima
699:Kabashi
694:Qerreti
670:Mirdita
665:Berisha
628:MĂ«rturi
563:Prekali
558:Mazreku
553:Mavriqi
548:Toplana
534:Shllaku
455:Trieshi
441:Rrjolli
436:Shkreli
367:e enjte
359:Jupiter
213:Illyria
205:Albania
187:In the
135:Daunian
94:History
84:Sicanje
72:Balkans
2565:Sleeve
2560:Sclera
2530:Cornea
2439:Sailor
2434:Prison
2419:Animal
2403:Coptic
2398:Berber
2268:Ainu (
2245:Yantra
2176:Veiqia
2106:Ptasan
2046:Artist
1957:Topics
1895:
1869:
1833:
1792:
1495:Ăorape
1470:Opinga
1425:Dances
1404:Fyelli
1392:Lahutë
1383:Muranë
1348:Vitore
1336:Zjarri
1331:Prende
1321:Dielli
1316:Qielli
1254:Bajrak
1226:Honour
1186:Muranë
1174:Zjarri
1071:Epirus
1056:Ć panji
996:Rogami
977:MugoĆĄa
962:Macure
904:Mahine
879:Muzaka
864:Myzeqe
800:Renesi
749:Arrëni
722:Upper
708:Selita
680:Malziu
647:Morina
642:Bytyqi
529:Shoshi
327:Dielli
244:Bosnia
209:Bosnia
158:Apulia
142:Apulia
108:Strabo
104:Cicero
62:among
49:Zjarri
37:Dielli
2555:Scalp
2370:Osage
2122:Batok
2008:Types
1979:Flash
1844:(PDF)
1827:(PDF)
1440:Kulla
1366:Fatia
1341:Vatër
1195:Fatia
1179:Vatër
1114:Spata
1095:Losha
1061:KriÄi
1001:Vasaj
986:Pipri
838:Kruja
779:Lezha
754:Dibra
689:Thaçi
633:Gashi
623:Nikaj
593:Xhani
588:Plani
524:Shala
489:Lohja
426:Gruda
174:ollae
162:Italy
140:from
88:Vlach
2535:Face
2167:Peʻa
2159:Malu
1893:ISBN
1867:ISSN
1831:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1458:Brez
1371:Zana
1326:HĂ«na
1311:Dheu
1200:Besa
957:Kuçi
932:Zeta
928:Brda
874:Lalë
834:Mati
805:Vela
759:Sopa
744:Lura
739:Luma
734:Hasi
724:Drin
675:Puka
598:Suma
583:Kiri
573:Pult
519:Bobi
499:Boga
484:Reçi
470:Tuzi
460:Koja
421:Hoti
351:Enji
331:Hana
231:and
207:and
178:Arpi
152:and
122:and
106:and
78:and
53:Enji
41:HĂ«na
2324:Deq
2056:Ink
2015:LED
1445:Oda
1362:Ora
1355:vs
1191:Ora
1085:Bua
310:in
2603::
2355:,
2287:,
2163:,
2061:UV
1859:34
1857:.
1743:^
1688:^
1673:^
1594:^
1033:-
836:-
314:.
261:.
239:.
215:.
2366:)
2328:)
2306:)
2295:)
2276:)
2249:)
2233:)
2208:)
2178:)
2171:)
2137:)
2126:)
2110:)
1941:e
1934:t
1927:v
1901:.
1873:.
1812:.
1798:.
1537:e
1530:t
1523:v
1497:)
1492:·
1490:.
1485:·
1479:·
1473:·
1467:·
1461:·
1456:(
1431:)
1427:(
1412:)
1407:·
1401:·
1395:·
1390:(
1364:/
1193:/
1073:/
930:-
325:(
299:.
144:.
82:(
55:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
