242:. At the behest of Xerxes, Artaynte committed adultery with him (Xerxes). When Amestris found out, she did not seek revenge against Artaynte, but against her mother, Masistes' wife, as Amestris thought that it was her connivance. On Xerxes' birthday, Amestris sent for his guards and mutilated Masistes' wife by cutting off her breasts and threw them to dogs, and her nose and ears and lips also, and cutting out her tongue as well. On seeing this, Masistes fled to Bactria to start a revolt, but was intercepted by Xerxes' army who killed him and his sons.
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747:(italianized as "Amastre"). In the opera, Amestris is about to marry Xerxes (Serse), yet he falls in love with another woman and wants to marry her instead. Amestris disguises herself as a man in order to be near him. At the end of the opera, Xerxes is sorry for the things he did and asks Amestris once more to be his wife.
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205:
I am informed that
Amestris, the wife of Xerxes, when she had grown old, made return for her own life to the god who is said to be beneath the earth by burying twice seven children of
227:. Also since most accounts of the time are from Greek sources, and due to the involvement of Greece as an opponent of Persia, it is possible that not all accounts are accurate.
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194:, Otanes was honoured with royal marriages. Darius I married Otanes' daughter Phaedymia while Otanes married a sister of Darius, who gave birth to Amestris.
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When Darius died in 486 BC, Amestris was married to the crown prince, Xerxes. Herodotus describes
Amestris as a cruel
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Amestris made human sacrifice. See Boyce, Mary (1989). A History of
Zoroastrianism: The early period, p. 141.
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992:(issued in 2015), a book containing information on the opera itself as well as on a contemporary production
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Jewish
History in Conflict: A Study of the Major Discrepancy Between Rabbinic and Conventional Chronology
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Amestris outlived Xerxes, remaining active in royal affairs during the long reign of their son
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249:. She died in early 424 BC, aged nearly ninety, with Artaxerxes himself dying soon after.
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The origin of this story is unclear, since known records and accounts indicate that
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The Egypt of
Herodotus being the second and part of the third books of his history
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935:. Northvale, New Jersey: Jason Aronson Inc. p. 176.
151:, "strong woman") was an Achaemenid queen, wife of king
178:, one of the seven noblemen reputed to have killed the
809:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Biography and Mythology
904:
Godley, Alfred Denis (1921–24). "Histories book 9".
238:at Sardis. She was the daughter of Xerxes' brother
965:. London: Headline Publishing Group. p. 291.
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3140:Queens consort of the Achaemenid Empire
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1999:
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907:Herodotus, with an English translation
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962:Persians: The Age of the Great Kings
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775:""Amestris" in Encyclopedia Iranica"
13:
14:
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190:assumed the throne. According to
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16:Achaemenid Empire Queen consort
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1:
3145:5th-century BC Iranian people
816:. p. 137. Archived from
174:Amestris was the daughter of
252:
188:Darius I the Great of Persia
7:
182:who was impersonating King
162:She was poorly regarded by
10:
3161:
1556:Second Intermediate Period
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234:was married to his cousin
223:were not permitted within
214:Herodotus, Histories 7.114
18:
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1975:Third Intermediate Period
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1059:
862:vii. 61, 114, ix. 108—113
814:Little, Brown and Company
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21:Amastris (disambiguation)
1074: (<3150–2040 BC)
929:First, Mitchell (1997).
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209:who were men of renown.
2113:Menhet, Menwi and Merti
1758:Khenemetneferhedjet III
1053:Queens of Ancient Egypt
812:. Vol. 1. Boston:
186:in 522 BC. After this,
169:
2819:Eurydice II of Macedon
1736:Khenemetneferhedjet II
986:Deutsche Oper am Rhein
957:Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd
745:George Frideric Handel
230:Circa 478 BC, her son
217:
3135:5th-century BC deaths
3130:6th-century BC births
1721:Khenemetneferhedjet I
203:
34:Queen consort of the
3125:5th-century BC women
3010:Dynastic genealogies
2686:Khedebneithirbinet I
1560: (2040–1550 BC)
1066:Protodynastic Period
225:the Persian religion
19:For other uses, see
1979: (1550–664 BC)
878:c. 20. 30. ed. Lion
232:Crown Prince Darius
155:and mother of king
2603:Hellenistic Period
2103:Merytre-Hatshepsut
2063:Ahmose-Henuttamehu
1011:2013-09-07 at the
773:electricpulp.com.
733:Popular depictions
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2390:3 Intermediate
2386:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
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1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
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1787:(1802–1550 BC)
1782:2 Intermediate
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1733:
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1552:Middle Kingdom
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1463:Ankhesenpepi I
1460:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1244:(2686–2181 BC)
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1130:(3150–2686 BC)
1125:Early Dynastic
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:Jona Lendering
1001:
998:
995:
994:
978:
971:
948:
941:
921:
896:
880:
864:
846:
830:
800:"Amestris (I)"
796:Smith, William
787:
765:
755:
754:
752:
749:
734:
731:
728:
727:
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721:
719:
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275:
270:
268:
266:
264:
262:
260:
254:
251:
211:
171:
168:
121:
120:
118:Zoroastrianism
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
89:
88:
67:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
39:
38:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3157:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3007:
3003:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2969:Cleopatra VII
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2902:Cleopatra III
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2857:
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2848:
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2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2557:Takahatenamun
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
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2482:
2479:
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2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
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2454:
2452:
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2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:(1069–664 BC)
2391:
2387:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:Isetnofret II
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Ahmose Inhapy
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1395:Khentkaus III
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:Meresankh III
1325:
1323:
1322:Hetepheres II
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1268:Djeseretnebti
1265:
1263:
1262:Hetephernebti
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
991:
987:
982:
974:
968:
964:
963:
958:
952:
944:
938:
934:
933:
925:
917:
913:
909:
908:
900:
893:
889:
884:
877:
873:
868:
861:
860:
855:
850:
843:
839:
834:
820:on 2005-07-29
819:
815:
811:
810:
805:
804:William Smith
801:
797:
791:
776:
769:
760:
756:
748:
746:
742:
741:
723:
718:
717:
709:
708:
699:
688:
681:
674:
665:
664:
659:
656:
648:
646:
638:
636:
628:
626:
618:
616:
608:
606:
605:
594:
562:
560:
552:
550:
535:
532:
530:
529:
526:
525:
513:
500:
496:
493:
479:
477:
476:
459:
451:
449:
443:
441:
438:
435:
433:
432:
411:
404:
389:
379:
376:
364:
362:
361:
326:
320:
318:
312:
310:
301:
299:
274:
258:
250:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
228:
226:
222:
210:
208:
202:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
167:
165:
164:ancient Greek
160:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
131:
127:
119:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
94:
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
37:
32:
27:
22:
2948:Cleopatra VI
2946:
2927:Berenice III
2912:Cleopatra IV
2892:Cleopatra II
2814:Parysatis II
2738:
2663:(664–332 BC)
2642:
2567:Atakhebasken
2481:Tadibast III
2456:Tashedkhonsu
2368:
2359:Tawerettenru
2329:Tiy-Merenese
2308:
2208:
2194:Ankhesenamun
2181:
2014:
1745:
1708:
1696:
1595:
1517:
1478:Meritites IV
1435:Nimaathap II
1415:Meresankh IV
1390:Khentkaus II
1380:Neferhetepes
1342:Hekenuhedjet
1317:Meresankh II
1297:Hetepheres I
1266:
1217:
1157:
1109:
989:
981:
961:
951:
931:
924:
906:
899:
891:
883:
875:
867:
857:
849:
841:
833:
822:. Retrieved
818:the original
807:
790:
778:. Retrieved
768:
759:
738:
736:
714:
705:
687:Artaxerxes I
661:
523:
522:
402:
247:Artaxerxes I
244:
229:
218:
204:
196:
173:
166:historians.
161:
157:Artaxerxes I
148:
141:
137:
125:
124:
78:Artaxerxes I
2959:Berenice IV
2937:Cleopatra V
2872:Arsinoe III
2862:Berenice II
2809:Stateira II
2786:(332–30 BC)
2781:Hellenistic
2599:Late Period
2552:Tabekenamun
2499:Karomama II
2370:Baketwernel
2349:Duatentopet
2310:Anuketemheb
2030:New Kingdom
1971:New Kingdom
1763:Sobekneferu
1741:Neferthenut
1639:Neferukayet
1483:Inenek-Inti
1375:Khentkaus I
1302:Meritites I
1279:Meresankh I
1274:Djefatnebti
1239:Old Kingdom
780:9 September
691:465–424 BCE
516:486–465 BCE
392:522–486 BCE
146:Old Persian
3119:Categories
2979:Arsinoe IV
2852:Arsinoe II
2842:Berenice I
2767:Stateira I
2476:Karomama I
2446:Penreshnes
2418:Mutnedjmet
2364:Nubkhesbed
2249:Isetnofret
2239:Tanedjemet
2210:Nebetnehat
2204:Mutnedjmet
2083:Hatshepsut
1944:Ahhotep II
1939:Sitdjehuti
1914:Sobekemsaf
1891:Mentuhotep
1815:Senebhenas
1810:Nubhetepti
1747:Meretseger
1704:Neferu III
1385:Meretnebty
1185:Seshemetka
1170:Nakhtneith
1148:Neithhotep
894:p. 123, c.
892:Alcibiades
824:2010-02-27
698:Achaemenes
403:A daughter
98:Achaemenid
3100:Ptolemaic
2847:Arsinoe I
2829:Ptolemaic
2749:Parysatis
2729:Artystone
2696:Tentkheta
2643:uncertain
2354:Henutwati
2274:Nebettawy
2269:Bintanath
2264:Meritamen
2254:Henutmire
2244:Nefertari
2177:Meritaten
2172:Nefertiti
2163:Tadukhipa
2148:Gilukhipa
2138:Mutemwiya
2128:Nefertari
2078:Mutnofret
2015:uncertain
1929:Ahhotep I
1924:Tetisheri
1726:Nofret II
1654:Neferu II
1596:uncertain
1488:Nedjeftet
1410:Nebunebty
1312:Khentetka
1225:Nimaathap
1110:uncertain
859:Histories
854:Herodotus
838:Herodotus
707:Rhodogune
680:Hystaspes
273:Hystaspes
253:Genealogy
192:Herodotus
82:Rhodogune
74:Hystaspes
3065:21 to 23
2837:Eurydice
2744:Damaspia
2739:Amestris
2572:Malaqaye
2562:Naparaye
2537:Peksater
2517:Pebatjma
2451:Maatkare
2441:Karomama
2423:Karimala
2413:Tentamun
2376:Tentamun
1919:Haankhes
1909:Nubemhat
1855:Satsobek
1840:Nubkhaes
1825:Senebsen
1664:Henhenet
1634:Neferu I
1519:Nitocris
1503:Udjebten
1473:Nubwenet
1458:Khuit II
1420:Setibhor
1400:Reptynub
1352:Rekhetre
1337:Persenet
1307:Henutsen
1195:Serethor
1180:Merneith
1165:Herneith
1159:Khenthap
1009:Archived
1006:Amestris
959:(2022).
888:Plutarch
798:(1867).
663:Artaynte
524:Amestris
512:Xerxes I
499:Masistes
388:Darius I
240:Masistes
236:Artaynte
212:—
207:Persians
153:Xerxes I
149:Amāstrī-
142:Amāstris
138:Amēstris
134:Άμηστρις
126:Amestris
114:Religion
58:Xerxes I
29:Amestris
2691:Takhuit
2637:Pharaoh
2629:Dynasty
2547:Qalhata
2294:Twosret
2279:Merytre
2153:Sitamun
2118:Nebsemi
2009:Pharaoh
2001:Dynasty
1731:Khenmet
1710:Keminub
1659:Ashayet
1590:Pharaoh
1582:Dynasty
1498:Iput II
1405:Khuit I
1357:Bunefer
1200:Betrest
1175:Penebui
1153:Benerib
1104:Pharaoh
1096:Dynasty
1000:Sources
916:1610641
876:Persica
872:Ctesias
806:(ed.).
184:Bardiya
144:, from
2804:Roxana
2796:Argead
2734:Parmys
2724:Atossa
2706:Ladice
2620:Period
2532:Khensa
2522:Tabiry
2289:Takhat
2098:Satiah
2073:Ahmose
1992:Period
1850:Abetni
1805:Nofret
1679:Kemsit
1573:Period
1453:Iput I
1430:Khenut
1087:Period
990:Xerxes
969:
939:
914:
716:Amytis
673:Darius
410:Otanes
199:despot
176:Otanes
108:Otanes
104:Father
86:Amytis
70:Darius
54:Spouse
49:424 BC
2716:XXVII
2491:XXIII
2471:Kapes
2229:Sitre
2133:Iaret
2108:Nebtu
2045:XVIII
1835:Ineni
1716:Senet
1674:Kawit
1669:Sadeh
1493:Neith
1425:Nebet
1219:Menka
1190:Semat
802:. In
751:Notes
740:Serse
180:magus
130:Greek
93:House
65:Issue
2759:XXXI
2673:XXVI
2658:Late
2601:and
2542:Arty
2527:Abar
2433:XXII
2344:Tiye
2339:Tyti
2304:Tiaa
2234:Tuya
2167:Kiya
2158:Iset
2143:Tiye
2123:Tiaa
2093:Iset
1973:and
1901:XVII
1873:Tati
1830:Tjan
1820:Neni
1797:XIII
1554:and
967:ISBN
937:ISBN
912:OCLC
782:2014
170:Life
46:Died
2509:XXV
2405:XXI
2221:XIX
2199:Tey
1883:XVI
1865:XIV
1845:Aya
1753:Aat
1689:XII
1649:Tem
1644:Iah
1254:III
1068:to
1015:by
743:by
700:(?)
3121::
3095:31
3090:30
3085:27
3080:26
3075:25
3070:24
3060:20
3055:19
3050:18
3045:12
3040:11
2321:XX
2165:/
1626:XI
1445:VI
1289:IV
1210:II
988::
910:.
890:,
874:,
856:,
201::
159:.
136:,
132::
3035:4
3030:3
3025:2
3020:1
1367:V
1140:I
1045:e
1038:t
1031:v
975:.
945:.
918:.
827:.
784:.
128:(
23:.
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