Analects - Knowledge

2389: 770: 2917: 1281: 131: 27: 4195: 4122: 797: 1630:

uniformity among them be sought by punishments, they will try to escape punishment and have no sense of shame. If they are led by virtue, and uniformity sought among them through the practice of ritual propriety, they will possess a sense of shame and come to you of their own accord" (§2.3; see also §13.6). Confucius' political theories were directly contradictory to the

1686:. For Confucius, a good student respects and learns from the words and deeds of his teacher, and a good teacher is someone older who is familiar with the ways of the past and the practices of antiquity (§7.22). Confucius emphasized the need to find balance between formal study and intuitive self-reflection (§2.15). When teaching he is never cited in the 1649:, and he stated that the rectification of names should be the first responsibility of a ruler upon taking office (§13.3). Confucius believed that, because the ruler was the model for all who were under him in society, the rectification of names had to begin with the ruler, and that afterwards others would change to imitate him (§12.19). 3641:

2010 p. 285 "A large number of passages in the Analects begin with the formulaic ziyue 子曰, "The Master said," but because there are no punctuation marks in classical Chinese, we must ask if whatever follows ziyue is a literal transcription of speech, or a paraphrase of it, or a method of transmitting

886:

speculated that Books 3–9 represent the earliest parts of the book. E. Bruce Brooks and A. Taeko Brooks reviewed previous theories of the chapters' creation and produced a "four stratum theory" of the text's creation. Many modern scholars now believe that the work was compiled over a period of around

1629:

Confucius' political beliefs were rooted in his belief that a good ruler would be self-disciplined, would govern his subjects through education and by his own example, and would seek to correct his subjects with love and concern rather than punishment and coercion. "If the people be led by laws, and

1718:

are grouped by individual themes, but the chapters are not arranged in a way as to carry a continuous stream of thoughts or ideas. The themes of adjacent chapters are completely unrelated to each other. Central themes recur repeatedly in different chapters, sometimes in exactly the same wording and

1377:

He Yan's commentary was eventually displaced as the definitive, standard commentary by Zhu Xi's commentary. Zhu Xi's work also brought together the commentaries of earlier scholars (mostly from the Song dynasty), along with his own interpretations. Zhu's work took part in the context of a period of

1463:

Confucius' discussions on the nature of the supernatural (§3.12; §6.20; §11.11) indicate his belief that while "ghosts" and "spirits" should be respected, they are best kept at a distance. Instead human beings should base their values and social ideals on moral philosophy, tradition, and a natural

1881:

Ba Yi was a kind of ritual dance practiced in the court of the Zhou king. In Confucius' time, lesser nobles also began staging these dances for themselves. The main themes of this chapter are: criticism of ritual impropriety (especially among China's political leadership), and the need to combine

1767:

on the eve of Yao's abdication, which seems to be only tangentially related to Confucius and his philosophy. Moreover, there appear to be some problems with the text's continuity, and scholars have speculated that parts of the text were lost in the process of transmission and possibly transmitted

1697:

His primary goal in educating his students was to produce ethically well-cultivated men who would carry themselves with gravity, speak correctly, and demonstrate consummate integrity in all things (§12.11; see also §13.3). He was willing to teach anyone regardless of social class, as long as they

1620:

meant that rulers could oppress their subjects only at their own peril: "You may rob the Three Armies of their commander, but you cannot deprive the humblest peasant of his opinion" (§9.26). Confucius said that a morally well-cultivated individual would regard his devotion to loving others as a

1378:

renewed interest in Confucian studies, in which Chinese scholars were interested in producing a single "correct" intellectual orthodoxy that would "save" Chinese traditions and protect them from foreign influences, and in which scholars were increasingly interested in metaphysical speculation.

1516:

would speak carefully and modestly (§12.3); be resolute and firm (§12.20), courageous (§14.4), free from worry, unhappiness, and insecurity (§9.28; §6.21); moderate their desires and return to propriety (§12.1); be respectful, tolerant, diligent, trustworthy and kind (§17.6); and love others

993:, the old text version had four hundred characters different from the Lu version—from which the received text is mostly based—and it seriously differed from the Lu version in 27 places. Of these twenty-seven differences, the received text only agrees with the old text version in two places. 959:

version". The Lu version contained twenty chapters, and the Qi version contained twenty-two chapters, including two chapters not found in the Lu version. Of the twenty chapters that both versions had in common, the Lu version had more passages. Each version had its own masters, schools, and

1694:, citing passages from the classics, and using analogies (§7.8). He sometimes required his students to demonstrate their understanding of subjects by making intuitive conceptual leaps before accepting their understanding and discussing those subjects at greater levels of depth. (§3.8) 1357:

and Confucianism complemented each other, so that by studying both in a correct manner a scholar could arrive at a single, unified truth. Arguing for the ultimate compatibility of Daoist and Confucian teachings, he argued that "Laozi was in agreement with the Sage" (sic). The

1753:", particularly the first verse, is bizarre in terms of both language and content. In terms of language, the text appears to be archaic (or a deliberate imitation of the archaic language of the Western Zhou) and bears some similarity with the language of the speeches in the 4198: 985:) in order to expand the king's palace. The new version did not contain the two extra chapters found in the Qi version, but it split one chapter found in the Lu and Qi versions in two, so it had twenty-one chapters, and the order of the chapters was different. 922:

that existed during the Han dynasty were incomplete and formed only a part of a much larger work. This is supported by the fact that a larger collection of Confucius's teachings did exist in the Warring States period than has been preserved directly in the

913:

scholars believe that by the early Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD) the book was widely known and transmitted throughout China in a mostly complete form, and that the book acquired its final, complete form during the Han dynasty. However, Han dynasty writer

1589:

was observing the practical social differences that exist between people in daily life. In Confucian philosophy these "five relationships" include: ruler to ruled; father to son; husband to wife; elder brother to younger brother; and friend to friend.

1674:, toasting, and gift exchanges that bound nobility in complex hierarchical relationships of obligation and indebtedness; and, acts of formal politeness and decorum (i.e. bowing and yielding) that identify the performers as morally well-cultivated. 1548:

Confucius taught that the ability of people to imagine and project themselves into the places of others was a crucial quality for the pursuit of moral self-cultivation (§4.15; see also §5.12; §6.30; §15.24). Confucius regarded the exercise of

727:

Confucius believed that the welfare of a country depended on the moral cultivation of its people, beginning from the nation's leadership. He believed that individuals could begin to cultivate an all-encompassing sense of virtue through

1658:('virtue'): a sort of moral force that allows those in power to rule and gain the loyalty of others without the need for physical coercion (§2.1). Confucius said that one of the most important ways that a ruler cultivates his sense of 826:

originated as individual records kept by Confucius's disciples of conversations between the Master and them, which were then collected and jointly edited by the disciples after Confucius' death in 479 BC. The work was titled

1939:

The main theme of this chapter is Confucius' examination of others' qualities and faults in order to illustrate the desirable course of moral self-cultivation. This chapter has traditionally been attributed to the disciples of

1641:

asked Confucius about the principles of good government, Confucius responded: "Good government consists in the ruler being a ruler, the minister being a minister, the father being a father, and the son being a son" (§12.11).

988:

The old text version got its name because it was written in characters not used since the earlier Warring States period (before 221 BC), when it was assumed to have been hidden. According to the Han dynasty scholar

1147:

government, only a very cursory study of it has been made available to international scholars, and its contents are not completely known outside of North Korea. Scholars do not agree about whether either the Dingzhou

1528:

involved depreciating oneself through modesty while avoiding artful speech and ingratiating manners that would create a false impression of one's own character (§1.3). Confucius said that those who had cultivated

1210:

was widely read by schoolchildren and anyone aspiring to literacy, and often read before the Five Classics themselves. During the Eastern Han, the heir apparent was provided a tutor specifically to teach him the

3519:

Schaberg, David; Ames, Roger T.; Rosemont, Henry; Lau, D. C.; Dawson, Raymond; Leys, Simon; Huang, Chichung; Hinton, David; Brooks, E. Bruce (December 2001). ""Sell it! Sell it!": Recent Translations of Lunyu".

1414:, Zhu continued to refine his interpretation for the last thirty years of his life. In the fourteenth century, the Ming state endorsed Zhu's commentary. Until 1905 it was read and memorized along with the 2249:

was an official from one of the most important families in Lu. This chapter is generally believed to have been written relatively late; possibly compiled from the extra chapters of the Qi version of the

1127:

was entombed. There was evidence that "additions" may have been made to the manuscript after it had been completed, indicating that the writer may have become aware of at least one other version of the

1612:

is practiced broadly and informs one's interactions with all people. Confucius did not believe that ethical self-cultivation meant unquestioned loyalty to an evil ruler. He argued that the demands of

1698:

were sincere, eager, and tireless to learn (§7.7; §15.38). He is traditionally credited with teaching three thousand students, though only seventy are said to have mastered what he taught. He taught

1026:

known as the "Zhang Hou Lun". This text was recognized by Zhang Yu's contemporaries and by subsequent Han scholars as superior to either individual version, and is the text that is recognized as the

1508:

and give examples of people who embody it, but Confucius generally responds indirectly to his students' questions, instead offering illustrations and examples of behaviours that are associated with

742:—primarily the devotion to one's parents and older siblings. He taught that one's individual desires do not need to be suppressed, but that people should be educated to reconcile their desires via 1637:

Confucius believed that the social chaos of his time was largely due to China's ruling elite aspiring to, and claiming, titles of which they were unworthy. When the ruler of the large state of

1714:. In some cases a title may indicate a central theme of a chapter, but it is inappropriate to regard a title as a description or generalization of the content of a chapter. Chapters in the 4144: 746:, rituals and forms of propriety, through which people could demonstrate their respect for others and their responsible roles in society. Confucius also believed that a ruler's sense of 1389:, demonstrating that the individual books of the Confucian canon gave meaning to the whole, just as the whole of the canon gave meaning to its parts. In his preface, Zhu Xi stated, "he 1444:

arguably the most reliable source of biographical information about Confucius. Confucius viewed himself as a "transmitter" of social and political traditions originating in the early

1570:: rituals and forms of propriety through which people demonstrate their respect for others and their responsible roles in society (§3.3). Confucius said that one's understanding of 724:

has been one of the most widely read and studied books in China for more than two millennia; its ideas continue to have a substantial influence on East Asian thought and values.

677:

and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled by his followers. The consensus among scholars is that large portions of the text were composed during the

1436:, but because the history contains a significant amount of material unverifiable in other sources and possibly legendary, the biographical material on Confucius found in the 1783:

is direct quotation of actual sayings of Confucius, or simply to be understood as "the Master said that.." and the paraphrase of Confucius by the compilers of the Analects.

978:" version was discovered hidden in a wall of the home believed at the time to have been Confucius's, when the home was in the process of being destroyed by King Gong of Lu ( 1746:

is the oldest complete intellectual and spiritual portrait of a man. It strikes one as a modern book; everything it contains and indeed everything it lacks is important."

1564:

could best be cultivated by those who had already learned self-discipline, and that self-discipline was best learned by practicing and cultivating one's understanding of

1022:), synthesized the Lu and Qi versions by taking the Lu version as authoritative and selectively adding sections from the Qi version, and produced a composite text of the 4241: 1477:

as the quality of having a kind manner, similar to the English words "humane", "altruistic", or "benevolent", but, of the sixty instances in which Confucius discusses

902:

was not referred to by name in any existing source before the early Han dynasty, some scholars have proposed dates as late as 140 BC for the text's final compilation.

4590: 2388: 1768:

with errors in the order. The fragmentary nature of the final chapter of the received Lu text has been explained by the "accretion theory", in which the text of the

1385:

by using theories elaborated in the other Four Books, something that He Yan had not done. Zhu attempted to give an added coherence and unity to the message of the

1338:(1130–1200). In his work, He Yan collected, selected, summarized, and rationalized what he believed to be the most insightful of all preceding commentaries on the 997: 1581:

By leading individuals to express their desires within the context of social responsibility, Confucius and his followers taught that the public cultivation of

1049:

known to scholars was found in the "Stone Classics of the Xinping Era", a copy of the Confucian classics written in stone in the old Eastern capital of

3836: 4729: 2881: 2851: 2821: 2784: 2748: 2712: 2679: 2643: 2607: 2573: 2539: 2499: 2471: 2427: 1489:

to describe an extremely general and all-encompassing state of virtue, one which no living person had attained completely. (This use of the term

1738:

into English and French, said that the book may have been the first in human history to describe the life of an individual, historic personage.

3824: 1426:

Very few reliable sources about Confucius exist besides that of the Analects. The principal biography available to historians is included in

2512: 1772:

was gradually accreted over a 230-year period, beginning with the death of Confucius and ending suddenly with the conquest of Lu in 249 BC.

3790:. Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China; Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley. pp. 313–323. 1545:, desiring to establish himself, helps others establish themselves; desiring to succeed himself, helps others to succeed" (§12.2; §6.28). 1289: 1156:

represent the Lu version, the Qi version, the old text version, or a different version that was independent of these three traditions.

3603:

Slingerland, Edward (2000). Brooks, E. Bruce; Brooks, A. Taeko (eds.). "Why Philosophy Is Not "Extra" in Understanding the Analects".

4608: 4292: 4246: 2086:

A "xiang" was a group of 12,500 families, while a "dang" is a group of 500. The chapter is a collection of maxims related to ritual.

847:"). This broadly forms the traditional account of the genesis of the work accepted by later generations of scholars, for example the 1645:

The analysis of the need to raise officials' behavior to reflect the way that they identify and describe themselves is known as the

1533:

could be distinguished by their being "simple in manner and slow of speech." He believed that people could cultivate their sense of

478: 1455:), and claimed not to have originated anything (§7.1), but Confucius's social and political ideals were not popular in his time. 1634:

political orientations of China's rulers, and he failed to popularize his ideals among China's leaders within his own lifetime.

1191:). They were considered Confucian because Confucius was assumed to have partially written, edited, and/or transmitted them. The 1362:

that was written in 248 AD, was quickly recognized as authoritative, and remained the standard guide to interpreting the

4739: 4056: 3985: 3964: 3924: 3871: 3814: 3795: 3579: 3034: 2768: 2549: 2440: 1578:

did not mean suppressing one's desires but learning to reconcile them with the needs of one's family and broader community.

1517:(§12.22). Confucius recognized his followers' disappointment that he would not give them a more comprehensive definition of 891:(476–221 BC), with some questioning the authenticity of some of the sayings. Because no manuscript dated earlier than 4709: 4355: 790: 769: 4095: 4027: 3894: 3330: 3100: 2732: 2696: 2663: 2627: 2591: 2368: 4314: 752:, or 'virtue', was his primary prerequisite for leadership. His primary goal in educating his students was to produce 4583: 4170: 3943: 1779:, "The Master said," but without punctuation marks in classical Chinese, this does not confirm whether what follows 4734: 4670: 1407:

are all inclusive; what they teach is nothing but the essentials of preserving the mind and cultivating nature."

1202:

The political importance and popularity of Confucius and Confucianism grew throughout the Han dynasty, and by the

866:

Cui Shu argued on linguistic ground that the last five books were produced much later than the rest of the work.

1038:. The Qi version was lost for about 1,800 years, but was rediscovered during the excavation of the tomb of 789:. It is dated era Longji, 2nd year (i.e. 890 AD), but it could be copied in the middle of the 8th century. 4714: 4633: 3768: 1512:

and explaining how a person could achieve it. According to Confucius, a person with a well-cultivated sense of

1432: 1107:

shortly after it was recovered, and the surviving text is just under half the size of the received text of the

574: 367: 162: 140: 756:

who would carry themselves with gravity, speak correctly, and demonstrate consummate integrity in all things.

4285: 1631: 436: 294: 178: 144: 2371:

of ancient China. This chapter consists entirely of stray sentences resembling the style and content of the

1690:

as lecturing at length about any subject, but instead challenges his students to discover the truth through

4724: 3851: 308: 1916:, its qualities, and the qualities of those who have it. A secondary theme is the virtue of filial piety. 1585:

was the basis of a well-ordered society (§2.3). Confucius taught his students that an important aspect of

486: 3862:

Kern, Martin (2010). "Early Chinese literature, Beginnings through Western Han". In Owen, Stephen (ed.).

1670:

include: sacrificial rites held at ancestral temples to express thankfulness and humility; ceremonies of

264: 4184: 4744: 4528: 4048: 3463: 3461: 3459: 1219:

was recognized when the Five Classics was expanded to the "Seven Classics": the Five Classics plus the

1195:

was considered secondary as it was thought to be merely a collection of Confucius's oral "commentary" (

1002: 862:

This traditional view has been challenged by Chinese, Japanese, and Western scholars. The Qing dynasty

346: 4719: 1088:

was discovered in 1973, but no transcription of its contents was published until 1997. The Pyongyang

3456: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 4704: 4433: 4392: 4278: 4152: 4148: 4132: 2859: 1104: 634: 3642:

ideas in a written language which existed in important ways independently of the spoken language."

2447: 1103:

was damaged in a fire shortly after it was entombed in the Han dynasty. It was further damaged in

4555: 4539: 4521: 4514: 4489: 4087: 3393: 2967: 2518: 2479: 2339:) was a student of Confucius. This chapter consists entirely of sayings by Confucius' disciples. 1249: 1225: 4004: 1722:

Chapter 10 contains detailed descriptions of Confucius's behaviors in various daily activities.

1574:

should inform everything that one says and does (§12.1). He believed that subjecting oneself to

2951: 1646: 1229:, and its status as one of the central texts of Confucianism continued to grow until the late 805: 4038: 4015: 3882: 3090: 3024: 888: 678: 4207: 3908: 1280: 716:

work was raised above that of the older Five Classics, and it was recognized as one of the "

4647: 4562: 4330: 4220: 3478: 3476: 2946: 2109:

The former generations. This chapter has traditionally been attributed to the disciples of

1775:

Within these incipits, a large number of passages in the Analects begin with the formulaic

1035: 1012: 2799: 1183:(141–87 BC), when the Chinese government began promoting Confucian studies, only the 8: 4080: 964: 944: 504: 3473: 2432: 2411: 1858:

of moral self-cultivation rather than through force or excessive government regulation.

1303:

by reading scholars' commentaries on the book. There have been many commentaries on the

1237:

by Zhu Xi and generally accepted as being more insightful than the older Five Classics.

4270: 3904: 3620: 3537: 2875: 2845: 2815: 2778: 2742: 2720: 2706: 2673: 2637: 2601: 2567: 2533: 2493: 2465: 2421: 2301: 1466: 870:

claimed that, because of differences he saw in patterns of language and content in the

730: 713: 670: 403: 395: 422: 4699: 4654: 4419: 4412: 4403: 4371: 4364: 4091: 4052: 4023: 3991: 3981: 3960: 3939: 3920: 3890: 3867: 3810: 3791: 3764: 3612: 3585: 3575: 3326: 3261:"Popularization of the Analects of Confucius in Western Han and the Discovery of the 3096: 3030: 2764: 2728: 2692: 2659: 2623: 2587: 2545: 2453: 2436: 1755: 1464:

love for others. Confucius' social philosophy largely depended on the cultivation of

1039: 330: 322: 66: 3026:

Understanding the Analects of Confucius: A New Translation of Lunyu with Annotations

2810:]. Les Quatre Livres (in French) (3rd ed.). Sien Hsien: Mission Catholique. 2393: 4640: 4301: 3529: 3123: 2213: 2033: 2029: 1179:

was not considered one of the principal texts of Confucianism. During the reign of

229: 90: 4236: 4140: 1666:. Examples of rituals identified by Confucius as important to cultivate a ruler's 1307:

since the Han dynasty, but the two which have been most influential have been the

1096:

has been highly restricted, and no academic study on it was published until 2009.

1030:

today. No complete copies of either the Lu version or the old text version of the

4252: 3975: 3954: 2961: 1691: 4226: 3807:

Zhu Xi's Reading of the Analects: Canon, Commentary, and the Classical Tradition

1854:

This chapter explores the theme that political order is best gained through the

1710:

The traditional titles given to each chapter are mostly an initial two or three

185: 169: 130: 4548: 4496: 4461: 4344: 4323: 1565: 1395: 457: 450: 278: 148: 4101: 1541:: "Do not do to others what you would not like done to yourself"; "a man with 1167:"circulated at least seventeen years" before the Dingzhou and Pyongyang ones. 518: 4693: 4468: 4440: 4426: 4378: 3995: 3783: 3616: 3589: 2756: 2651: 2309: 2305: 1739: 1269: 1184: 690: 1418:

by all Chinese aspiring to literacy and employment as government officials.

1163:

are the discovered texts found in the Haihunhou Tomb in 2011; the Haihunhou

867: 844: 681:(475–221 BC), and that the work achieved its final form during the mid- 4677: 4663: 4305: 4044: 2931: 2922: 2508: 2457: 2336: 2220: 2037: 1945: 1764: 1654: 1550: 1445: 1367: 1293: 1265: 1230: 883: 848: 748: 739: 705: 698: 412: 236: 198: 3917:

Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature: A Reference Guide, Part One

1084:", after the location of the tombs in which they were found. The Dingzhou 4626: 2941: 2407: 2364: 2025: 1760: 1671: 1538: 1245: 1203: 1144: 1034:

exist today, though fragments of the old text version were discovered at

863: 843:

therefore may mean 'edited conversations', or 'selected speeches' (thus "

818: 786: 682: 471: 136: 107: 3956:

The Confucian Analects, The Great Learning, and The Doctrine of the Mean

2483: 1730:

believed that this chapter demonstrated how Confucius was a mere human.

1608:

manages one's relationship with one's family and close community, while

4569: 4231: 4003:

Riegel, Jeffrey (Spring 2012). "Confucius". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).

3624: 3571: 2829: 2615: 1731: 1727: 1638: 1234: 956: 952: 915: 782: 778: 717: 339: 96: 4261: 3541: 3260: 3127: 1759:. In terms of the content, the passage appears to be an admonition by 1485:, very few have these later meanings. Confucius instead used the term 685:(206 BC – 220 AD). During the early Han, the 4454: 3265:: With a Focus on the Bamboo Slips Unearthed from the Haihunhou Tomb" 3243: 3241: 2904:論語 , 3 vols. Tokyo: Asahi Shinbun. Rpt. 2 vols, Asahi Shinbun (1996). 2578:; rpt. with Chinese text, Hong Kong: Chinese University Press (1979). 2189: 1941: 1702:, but regarded moral self-cultivation as his most important subject. 1427: 1078: 1059:. Archaeologists have since discovered two handwritten copies of the 927:: 75% of Confucius's sayings cited by his second-generation student, 674: 360: 44: 3825:"Qi Version of 'Analects of Confucius' Discovered in Haihunhou Tomb" 3146: 3117: 2725:

Analects of Confucius: With Selections from Traditional Commentaries

2413:

Confucian Analects, the Great Learning, and the Doctrine of the Mean

1682:

The importance of education and study is a fundamental theme of the

26: 4247:

Legge's English translation from the University of Adelaide Library

4202: 4151:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

3533: 3048: 3046: 2555: 2188:

This chapter has traditionally been attributed to the disciples of

2021: 1972: 1723: 1699: 1180: 1071: 990: 975: 859:

is the records of Confucius's first- and second-generation pupils.

381: 250: 3238: 2139:

was a common name of Zi Yuan, the favorite disciple of Confucius.

1521:, but assured them that he was sharing all that he could (§7.24). 1045:

Before the late twentieth century the oldest existing copy of the

4447: 4385: 3371: 3369: 2373: 2353: 2136: 2110: 1750: 1711: 1343: 1050: 928: 462: 419: 4208:

Bilingual excerpts and children's audio in Chinese and Japanese.

3309: 3058: 3043: 2277:

Yang was an official of the Ji clan, an important family in Lu.

1553:

and older siblings as the simplest, most basic way to cultivate

1504:, Confucius's students frequently request that Confucius define 874:, a distinction in authorship should be made between the "upper 4216: 4188: 2956: 1855: 1821: 1354: 1335: 1316: 852: 813: 537: 3864:

The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature, Volume 1: To 1375

3366: 3344: 3342: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3070: 3006: 3004: 2435:(1893), Oxford: Clarendon Press, reprinted by Cosimo in 2006. 1233:(960–1279), when it was identified and promoted as one of the 2689:

The Original Analects: Sayings of Confucius and His Followers

2246: 2192:, also called both Yuan Si and Zisi, a student of Confucius. 753: 597: 551: 441: 427: 76: 4227:

English translation by A. Charles Muller, with Chinese text.

4212: 3763:. Translated by Neugroschel, Joachim. Farrar Straus Giroux. 3488: 3354: 1299:

Since the Han dynasty, Chinese readers have interpreted the

1132:

and included "extra" material for the sake of completeness.

4576: 4482: 3339: 3291: 3170: 3001: 2162: 1882:

learning with nature in the course moral self-cultivation.

1381:

In his commentary Zhu made a great effort to interpret the

796: 611: 2991: 2989: 831:

during the Han dynasty: in this context the character for

4591:

Questions and Replies between Tang Taizong and Li Weigong

4232:

English translation at Confucius.org, one page per verse.

3866:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–115. 3704: 3692: 3657: 3444: 1400: 1370:(1271–1368). It is the oldest complete commentary on the 1244:

also inspired future Confucian writers. For example, the

1092:

was discovered in 1992. Academic access to the Pyongyang

1070:, during the Western Han dynasty. They are known as the " 483: 400: 386: 372: 4300: 3645: 3432: 3192: 3190: 2886:

English version published as Simon Leys, trans. (1997),

2312:. The writer of this chapter was critical of Confucius. 1123:

was still in the process of expansion when the Dingzhou

351: 4040:

Analects: With Selections from Traditional Commentaries

3518: 3134: 2986: 2392:

A Vietnamese translation of the Analects translated by

1399:

are the most important works for students pursuing the

951:

that existed at the beginning of the Han dynasty: the "

3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3639:

The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation

3548: 3500: 3420: 3226: 3207: 3205: 3029:. State University of New York Press. pp. 77–78. 2656:

The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation

2396:

in Tự Đức thánh chế luận ngữ thích nghĩa ca 嗣德聖製論語釋義歌.

1621:

mission for which he would be willing to die (§15.8).

639: 4069:. Trans. Arthur Waley. New York: Vintage Books. 1938. 3187: 2658:. New York: Ballantine Books (Penguin Random House). 2416:. The Chinese Classics. Vol. I. London: Trübner. 327: 313: 299: 283: 269: 255: 241: 4213:

Chinese-English bilingual text (Legge's translation)

3735: 3323:

Readings from the Lu-Wang school of Neo-Confucianism

3279: 2912: 1260:) was purposely written to emulate the style of the 579: 4013: 3880: 3716: 3669: 3202: 3158: 3152: 3064: 3052: 1652:Confucius judged a good ruler by his possession of 1187:

were considered by the government to be canonical (

1975:, also called Zhou Gong, a disciple of Confucius. 1662:is through a devotion to the correct practices of 693:. However, by the dynasty's end the status of the 4135:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 3915:. In Knechtges, David R.; Chang, Taiping (eds.). 3837:"Confucius' sayings entombed: On Two Han Dynasty 3381: 3122:. Translated by Eno, Robert. Indiana University. 1170: 1143:. Because of the secrecy and isolationism of the 673:text composed of sayings and ideas attributed to 4691: 4009:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2687:Brooks, E. Bruce; Brooks, Taeko, trans. (2001). 2517:. London: George Allen and Unwin. Archived from 785:. This fragmentary manuscript has been found at 689:was merely considered to be a commentary on the 523: 509: 3088: 4014:Kim, Tae Hyun; Csikszentmihalyi, Mark (2013). 3881:Kim, Tae Hyun; Csikszentmihalyi, Mark (2010). 3325:. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co. p. 149. 2504:; rpt. London: Oxford University Press (1937). 734:, and that the most basic step to cultivating 697:had grown to being among the central texts of 616: 602: 4286: 3903: 3831:. January 13, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2019. 3522:Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 3010: 1159:To date, the oldest extant manuscript of the 1111:. Of the sections that survive, the Dingzhou 183: 167: 88: 54: 4084:Confucius and the Analects : New Essays 3977:Confucius and the Analects : New Essays 3788:Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide 2880:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2850:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2840:] (in French). Paris: Éditions du Seuil. 2820:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2783:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2747:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2711:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2686: 2678:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2650: 2642:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2606:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2572:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2538:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2498:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2470:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2426:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 556: 542: 4036: 3938:. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. 3710: 3698: 3663: 3651: 3602: 3494: 3450: 3076: 2935:, sayings of Confucius not included in the 1342:which had been produced by earlier Han and 931:, do not exist in the received text of the 4293: 4279: 3973: 3554: 3092:Confucius and Confucianism: The Essentials 2995: 2219:Duke Ling ruled from 534 to 493 BC in the 215:'Selected sayings', 'Edited conversations' 129: 4609:The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art 4171:Learn how and when to remove this message 2727:. Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company. 708:(960–1279 AD) the importance of the 4730:Ancient Chinese philosophical literature 2858: 2798: 2544:Rpt. (2000), New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 2478: 2387: 1366:for nearly 1,000 years, until the early 1349:He Yan's personal interpretation of the 1279: 905:Regardless of how early the text of the 887:two hundred years, some time during the 795: 768: 4006:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3834: 3809:. New York: Columbia University Press. 3804: 3758: 3506: 3470:, "3. Confucius' Political Philosophy". 3438: 3375: 3360: 3348: 3320: 3297: 3285: 3247: 3232: 3196: 3181: 3140: 2763:. New York: Columbia University Press. 2691:. New York: Columbia University Press. 2383: 1624: 1473:Later Confucian philosophers explained 764: 4692: 4002: 3482: 3467: 3414: 3269:Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies 2755: 1884:Chapters 3–9 may be the oldest in the 1328:Collected Commentaries of the Analects 1309:Collected Explanations of the Analects 402: 329: 4274: 4266:in over 20 languages, with footnotes. 4107:at the Database of Religious History. 3980:. New York: Oxford University Press. 3952: 3777: 3741: 3729: 3686: 3426: 3211: 3164: 2828: 2581: 2507: 2445: 2406: 2063:Confucius seldom spoke of advantage. 1878:"Eight lines of eight dancers apiece" 1284:A copy of He Yan's commentary on the 943:According to the Han dynasty scholar 898:has been discovered, and because the 4115: 3953:Legge, James (2009). "Prolegomena". 3861: 3417:, "2. Confucius' Social Philosophy". 2870:] (in French). Paris: Gallimard. 2614: 2300:Weizi was the older half-brother of 1470:by every individual in a community. 1458: 835:means 'discuss' or 'dispute', while 4237:English translation at MIT Classics 3933: 3919:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 645–650. 3387: 3115: 2586:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2554: 1912:This chapter explores the theme of 1600:have a special relationship in the 13: 4074: 3934:Lau, D.C. (2002). "Introduction". 3022: 2654:; Rosemont, Henry, trans. (1999). 2452:. London: Longmans, Green and Co. 2446:Lyall, Leonard A., trans. (1909). 2369:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors 1410:From the first publication of the 1326:) and several colleagues, and the 1175:During most of the Han period the 938: 14: 4756: 4584:Three Strategies of Huang Shigong 4242:Latin translation (Zottoli, 1879) 4111: 3574:. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju. 2008. 3153:Kim & Csikszentmihalyi (2010) 3109: 3082: 3065:Kim & Csikszentmihalyi (2013) 3053:Kim & Csikszentmihalyi (2010) 3016: 2582:Huang, Chi-chung, trans. (1997). 2024:was the legendary founder of the 1719:sometimes with small variations. 1524:To Confucius, the cultivation of 947:, there were two versions of the 4671:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars 4193: 4120: 2915: 2900:Yoshikawa, Kōjirō 吉川幸次郎 (1978). 2622:. New York: W.W. Norton and Co. 2560:Confucius, The Analects (Lun yü) 2480:Soothill, William Edward, trans. 1537:through exercising the inverted 1215:. The growing importance of the 1119:, implying that the text of the 791:Bibliothèque nationale de France 773:Fragment from the manuscript of 25: 3850:. Leiden: Brill. Archived from 3631: 3596: 3560: 3512: 3485:, "4. Confucius and Education". 3314: 3303: 3253: 3217: 3095:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 10. 2562:. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 1275: 980: 969: 918:claimed that all copies of the 484: 463: 442: 428: 401: 387: 373: 352: 4634:Biographies of Exemplary Women 4257:in Chinese, English and French 2868:The Conversations of Confucius 2352: 2325: 2290: 2267: 2236: 2205: 2178: 2152: 2126: 2099: 2083:"Among the Xiang and the Dang" 2076: 2053: 2011: 1998:Transmission, not invention . 1988: 1961: 1929: 1902: 1871: 1844: 1820: 1795: 1734:, who recently translated the 1433:Records of the Grand Historian 1353:was guided by his belief that 1171:Importance within Confucianism 640: 580: 524: 328: 314: 300: 284: 270: 256: 242: 184: 168: 1: 4020:Dao Companion to the Analects 3887:Dao Companion to the Analects 2974: 1449: 1320: 1135:The content of the Pyongyang 1115:is shorter than the received 1064: 1053: 892: 839:means 'speech' or 'sayings'. 754:ethically well-cultivated men 4740:Four Books and Five Classics 4253:Multilingual edition of the 4037:Slingerland, Edward (2003). 4022:. Springer. pp. 21–36. 3907:; Shih, Hsiang-ling (2010). 3889:. Springer. pp. 21–36. 3310:Explanation on the Mean (中說) 2979: 2488:. Yokohama: Fukuin Printing. 2165:was a student of Confucius. 1851:"The practice of government" 1677: 1346:(220–265 AD) scholars. 1264:, a practice praised by the 1017: 16:Confucian philosophical text 7: 4664:School Sayings of Confucius 4201:public domain audiobook at 4065:Waley, Arthur. "Terms". In 4018:. In Olberding, Amy (ed.). 3885:. In Olberding, Amy (ed.). 3250:, pp. 6, 10–11, 20–21. 3011:Knechtges & Shih (2010) 2908: 2894: 2864:Les Entretiens de Confucius 2721:Slingerland, Edward, trans. 2367:was one of the traditional 2028:. He was the oldest son of 1948:was Confucius' son-in-law. 1705: 1421: 1288:, with a sub-commentary by 1139:is similar to the Dingzhou 10: 4761: 4710:Ancient Chinese philosophy 4529:Thousand Character Classic 3974:Van Norden, Bryan (2002). 3805:Gardner, Daniel K (2003). 3751: 2838:Conversations of Confucius 2808:Conversations of Confucius 2800:Couvreur, Séraphin, trans. 2400: 2113:, a student of Confucius. 1944:, a student of Confucius. 878:" (Books 1–10) and "lower 759: 4618: 4600: 4538: 4506: 4402: 4354: 4313: 4199:The Analects of Confucius 4067:The Analects of Confucius 3119:The Analects of Confucius 3023:Ni, Peimin (2017-02-07). 2890:(New York: W. W. Norton). 2888:The Analects of Confucius 2792: 2761:The Analects of Confucius 2620:The Analects of Confucius 2584:The Analects of Confucius 2485:The Analects of Confucius 2347: 2343: 2320: 2316: 2308:, and was founder of the 2285: 2281: 2262: 2258: 2231: 2227: 2200: 2196: 2173: 2169: 2147: 2143: 2121: 2117: 2094: 2090: 2071: 2067: 2048: 2044: 2006: 2002: 1983: 1979: 1956: 1952: 1924: 1920: 1909:"Living in brotherliness" 1897: 1893: 1866: 1862: 1839: 1835: 1829:"Studying and Practicing" 1815: 1811: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1794: 1551:devotion to one's parents 1257: 1240:The writing style of the 651: 633: 628: 624: 617: 610: 603: 596: 591: 573: 568: 564: 557: 550: 543: 536: 531: 517: 503: 498: 477: 470: 456: 449: 435: 418: 411: 394: 380: 366: 359: 345: 338: 321: 307: 293: 277: 263: 249: 235: 228: 223: 219: 211: 207: 197: 193: 177: 161: 156: 139:(top), as well as modern 135:"Analects" written using 128: 124: 119: 102: 89: 82: 72: 62: 55: 50: 39: 24: 4434:Etiquette and Ceremonial 4393:Spring and Autumn Annals 3605:Philosophy East and West 3321:Ivanhoe, Philip (2009). 3089:Lee Dian Rainey (2010). 2860:Ryckmans, Pierre, trans. 2449:The Sayings of Confucius 1787:List of chapters in the 1560:Confucius believed that 1199:) on the Five Classics. 257:ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄩˇ 163:Traditional Chinese 4735:1st-millennium BC books 4556:The Methods of the Sima 4540:Seven Military Classics 4522:Hundred Family Surnames 4515:Three Character Classic 4490:Classic of Filial Piety 4088:Oxford University Press 3761:The Conscience of Words 3759:Canetti, Elias (1984). 3378:, pp. 7–8, 21, 46. 2968:The Maxims of Ptahhotep 2834:Entretiens de Confucius 2804:Entretiens de Confucius 2304:, the last king of the 1692:asking direct questions 1453: 1000–800 BC 1254:Explanation of the Mean 1226:Classic of Filial Piety 179:Simplified Chinese 4462:Commentary of Gongyang 3835:van Els, Paul (2012). 2952:Disciples of Confucius 2757:Watson, Burton, trans. 2433:Revised second edition 2397: 2243:"Chief of the Ji Clan" 2106:"Those of former eras" 1856:non-coercive influence 1647:rectification of names 1296: 996:Over a century later, 983: 153–128 BC 972: 157–141 BC 851:neo-Confucian scholar 809: 793: 510: 4715:Chinese classic texts 4469:Commentary of Guliang 3778:Cheng, Anne (1993). " 3363:, pp. 18–20, 46. 2509:Waley, Arthur, trans. 2391: 1292:, printed during the 1283: 889:Warring States period 799: 772: 679:Warring States period 671:Chinese philosophical 4648:Four Books for Women 4563:Six Secret Teachings 4331:Doctrine of the Mean 4262:Translations of the 4249:(no section numbers) 4221:Chinese Text Project 4141:improve this article 4081:Van Norden, Bryan W. 3959:. New York: Cosimo. 3351:, pp. 8, 13–14. 3300:, pp. 8, 18–19. 3184:, pp. 7, 15–16. 3116:Eno, Robert (2015). 3079:, pp. xiii–xiv. 2947:Virtue jurisprudence 2408:Legge, James, trans. 2384:Notable translations 2060:"The Master shunned" 1742:wrote: "Confucius's 1625:Political philosophy 1013:Emperor Cheng of Han 765:Creation of the text 666:Sayings of Confucius 663:, also known as the 575:Revised Romanization 479:Baxter–Sagart (2014) 4725:Public domain books 4153:footnote references 3905:Knechtges, David R. 3829:Chinese Archaeology 3275:(2): 213–232. 2019. 2830:Cheng, Anne, trans. 2616:Leys, Simon, trans. 1791: 1493:is peculiar to the 1374:that still exists. 1007:, the tutor of the 965:Emperor Jing of Han 806:Östasiatiska Museet 781:with commentary by 505:Vietnamese alphabet 51:Original title 21: 4219:'s commentary, at 3711:Slingerland (2003) 3699:Slingerland (2003) 3664:Slingerland (2003) 3652:Slingerland (2003) 3495:Slingerland (2003) 3451:Slingerland (2003) 3077:Slingerland (2003) 2556:Lau, D. C., trans. 2398: 1786: 1297: 1063:that were written 1057: 175 AD 955:version" and the " 810: 794: 714:Chinese philosophy 19: 4745:Thirteen Classics 4687: 4686: 4655:Lessons for Women 4455:Commentary of Zuo 4420:Book of Documents 4413:Classic of Poetry 4404:Thirteen Classics 4372:Book of Documents 4365:Classic of Poetry 4181: 4180: 4173: 4058:978-1-60384-345-4 3987:978-0-19-535082-1 3966:978-1-60520-644-8 3926:978-90-04-19127-3 3873:978-0-521-11677-0 3816:978-0-231-12865-0 3797:978-1-55729-043-4 3581:978-7-101-06228-1 3555:Van Norden (2002) 3497:, pp. 19–20. 3441:, pp. 52–53. 3429:, pp. 27–29. 3155:, pp. 25–26. 3143:, pp. 21–23. 3036:978-1-4384-6452-7 2996:Van Norden (2002) 2770:978-0-231-14164-2 2550:978-0-375-41204-2 2441:978-1-60520-643-1 2381: 2380: 2032:and the uncle of 1459:Social philosophy 1403:The words of the 1152:or the Pyongyang 1068: 50 BC 1040:Marquis of Haihun 896: 70 BC 882:" (Books 11–20). 816:, writing in the 655: 654: 647: 646: 587: 586: 494: 493: 368:Yale Romanization 295:Yale Romanization 230:Standard Mandarin 115: 114: 73:Publication place 67:Classical Chinese 4752: 4720:Philosophy books 4641:Classic of Music 4302:Chinese classics 4295: 4288: 4281: 4272: 4271: 4197: 4196: 4176: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4156: 4124: 4123: 4116: 4062: 4033: 4010: 3999: 3970: 3949: 3930: 3900: 3877: 3858: 3856: 3848:Analects Studies 3845: 3820: 3801: 3774: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3570:. Translated by 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3471: 3465: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3337: 3336: 3318: 3312: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3200: 3194: 3185: 3179: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3041: 3040: 3020: 3014: 3008: 2999: 2993: 2925: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2885: 2879: 2871: 2855: 2849: 2841: 2825: 2819: 2811: 2788: 2782: 2774: 2752: 2746: 2738: 2716: 2710: 2702: 2683: 2677: 2669: 2647: 2641: 2633: 2611: 2605: 2597: 2577: 2571: 2563: 2543: 2537: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2503: 2497: 2489: 2475: 2469: 2461: 2431: 2425: 2417: 2356: 2349: 2327: 2322: 2292: 2287: 2269: 2264: 2238: 2233: 2214:Duke Ling of Wey 2207: 2202: 2180: 2175: 2154: 2149: 2128: 2123: 2101: 2096: 2078: 2073: 2055: 2050: 2013: 2008: 1990: 1985: 1963: 1958: 1931: 1926: 1904: 1899: 1873: 1868: 1846: 1841: 1824: 1817: 1797: 1792: 1785: 1700:practical skills 1454: 1451: 1325: 1322: 1259: 1069: 1066: 1058: 1055: 1021: 1020: 5 BC 1019: 1006: 984: 982: 973: 971: 963:In the reign of 897: 894: 704:During the late 669:, is an ancient 643: 642: 626: 625: 620: 619: 606: 605: 583: 582: 566: 565: 560: 559: 546: 545: 527: 526: 513: 490: 489: 488: 466: 465: 445: 444: 431: 430: 407: 406: 405: 390: 389: 376: 375: 355: 354: 334: 333: 332: 317: 316: 303: 302: 289: 288: 287: 273: 272: 259: 258: 245: 244: 221: 220: 189: 188: 173: 172: 133: 117: 116: 94: 93: 58: 57: 31:A page from the 29: 22: 18: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4705:Confucian texts 4690: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4614: 4596: 4534: 4502: 4398: 4350: 4309: 4299: 4194: 4177: 4166: 4160: 4157: 4138: 4129:This article's 4125: 4121: 4114: 4077: 4075:Further reading 4072: 4059: 4030: 3988: 3967: 3946: 3927: 3897: 3874: 3854: 3843: 3817: 3798: 3771: 3754: 3749: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3728: 3717: 3709: 3705: 3697: 3693: 3685: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3650: 3646: 3636: 3632: 3601: 3597: 3582: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3517: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3481: 3474: 3466: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3437: 3433: 3425: 3421: 3413: 3394: 3386: 3382: 3374: 3367: 3359: 3355: 3347: 3340: 3333: 3319: 3315: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3284: 3280: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3246: 3239: 3235:, pp. 1–2. 3231: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3210: 3203: 3195: 3188: 3180: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3114: 3110: 3103: 3087: 3083: 3075: 3071: 3063: 3059: 3051: 3044: 3037: 3021: 3017: 3009: 3002: 2994: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2921: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2897: 2873: 2872: 2843: 2842: 2813: 2812: 2795: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2719: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2565: 2564: 2531: 2530: 2524: 2522: 2491: 2490: 2463: 2462: 2419: 2418: 2403: 2386: 1968:"There is Yong" 1708: 1680: 1627: 1500:Throughout the 1461: 1452: 1424: 1323: 1278: 1173: 1067: 1056: 1016: 1000: 979: 968: 941: 939:Textual history 895: 767: 762: 499:Vietnamese name 285: 265:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 212:Literal meaning 152: 151:character forms 85: 35: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4758: 4748: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4681: 4674: 4667: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4604: 4602: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4587: 4580: 4573: 4566: 4559: 4552: 4549:The Art of War 4544: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4532: 4525: 4518: 4510: 4508: 4504: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4493: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4465: 4458: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4430: 4423: 4416: 4408: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4389: 4382: 4375: 4368: 4360: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4341: 4334: 4327: 4324:Great Learning 4319: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4298: 4297: 4290: 4283: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4259: 4250: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4215:with links to 4210: 4205: 4191: 4179: 4178: 4133:external links 4128: 4126: 4119: 4113: 4112:External links 4110: 4109: 4108: 4099: 4096:978-0195350821 4076: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4063: 4057: 4034: 4029:978-9400771123 4028: 4011: 4000: 3986: 3971: 3965: 3950: 3944: 3931: 3925: 3901: 3896:978-9400771123 3895: 3878: 3872: 3859: 3857:on 2015-10-03. 3832: 3821: 3815: 3802: 3796: 3784:Loewe, Michael 3775: 3769: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3744:, p. 119. 3734: 3715: 3703: 3691: 3668: 3656: 3644: 3637:Roger T. Ames 3630: 3611:(1): 137–141. 3595: 3580: 3559: 3547: 3534:10.2307/495503 3511: 3509:, p. 173. 3499: 3487: 3472: 3455: 3443: 3439:Gardner (2003) 3431: 3419: 3392: 3380: 3376:Gardner (2003) 3365: 3361:Gardner (2003) 3353: 3349:Gardner (2003) 3338: 3332:978-0872209602 3331: 3313: 3302: 3298:Gardner (2003) 3290: 3286:Gardner (2003) 3278: 3252: 3248:van Els (2012) 3237: 3233:van Els (2012) 3225: 3216: 3201: 3197:van Els (2012) 3186: 3182:Gardner (2003) 3169: 3157: 3145: 3141:van Els (2012) 3133: 3108: 3102:978-1444323603 3101: 3081: 3069: 3057: 3042: 3035: 3015: 3013:, p. 645. 3000: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2927: 2926: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2891: 2856: 2826: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2769: 2753: 2734:978-0872206359 2733: 2717: 2698:978-0231104302 2697: 2684: 2665:978-0345434074 2664: 2652:Ames, Roger T. 2648: 2629:978-0393316995 2628: 2612: 2593:978-0195112764 2592: 2579: 2552: 2505: 2476: 2443: 2402: 2399: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2362: 2359: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2333: 2330: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2298: 2295: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2244: 2241: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2217: 2210: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2186: 2183: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2134: 2131: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2107: 2104: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2069: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2019: 2016: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1995:"Transmission" 1993: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1969: 1966: 1954: 1950: 1949: 1937: 1936:"Gongye Chang" 1934: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1910: 1907: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1879: 1876: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1852: 1849: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1707: 1704: 1679: 1676: 1626: 1623: 1460: 1457: 1423: 1420: 1324: 195–249 1277: 1274: 1172: 1169: 960:transmitters. 940: 937: 909:existed, most 766: 763: 761: 758: 653: 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 637: 631: 630: 629:Transcriptions 622: 621: 614: 608: 607: 600: 594: 593: 589: 588: 585: 584: 577: 571: 570: 569:Transcriptions 562: 561: 554: 548: 547: 540: 534: 533: 529: 528: 521: 515: 514: 507: 501: 500: 496: 495: 492: 491: 481: 475: 474: 468: 467: 460: 458:Middle Chinese 454: 453: 451:Middle Chinese 447: 446: 439: 433: 432: 425: 416: 415: 409: 408: 398: 392: 391: 384: 378: 377: 370: 364: 363: 361:Yue: Cantonese 357: 356: 349: 343: 342: 336: 335: 325: 319: 318: 311: 305: 304: 297: 291: 290: 281: 275: 274: 267: 261: 260: 253: 247: 246: 239: 233: 232: 226: 225: 224:Transcriptions 217: 216: 213: 209: 208: 205: 204: 201: 195: 194: 191: 190: 181: 175: 174: 165: 159: 158: 154: 153: 149:regular script 134: 126: 125: 122: 121: 113: 112: 104: 100: 99: 86: 83: 80: 79: 74: 70: 69: 64: 60: 59: 52: 48: 47: 41: 37: 36: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4757: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4617: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4586: 4585: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4558: 4557: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4526: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4450: 4449: 4445: 4443: 4442: 4441:Book of Rites 4438: 4436: 4435: 4431: 4429: 4428: 4427:Rites of Zhou 4424: 4422: 4421: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4381: 4380: 4379:Book of Rites 4376: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4356:Five Classics 4353: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4296: 4291: 4289: 4284: 4282: 4277: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4265: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4175: 4172: 4164: 4154: 4150: 4149:inappropriate 4146: 4142: 4136: 4134: 4127: 4118: 4117: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3979: 3978: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3958: 3957: 3951: 3947: 3945:962-201-980-3 3941: 3937: 3932: 3928: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3912: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3840: 3833: 3830: 3826: 3823:China Daily. 3822: 3818: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3756: 3743: 3738: 3732:, p. 16. 3731: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3713:, p. 39. 3712: 3707: 3701:, p. 29. 3700: 3695: 3689:, p. 21. 3688: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3666:, p. 17. 3665: 3660: 3653: 3648: 3640: 3634: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3556: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3515: 3508: 3503: 3496: 3491: 3484: 3483:Riegel (2012) 3479: 3477: 3469: 3468:Riegel (2012) 3464: 3462: 3460: 3453:, p. 34. 3452: 3447: 3440: 3435: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3415:Riegel (2012) 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3390:, p. ix. 3389: 3384: 3377: 3372: 3370: 3362: 3357: 3350: 3345: 3343: 3334: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3311: 3306: 3299: 3294: 3287: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3264: 3256: 3249: 3244: 3242: 3234: 3229: 3220: 3214:, p. 24. 3213: 3208: 3206: 3199:, p. 20. 3198: 3193: 3191: 3183: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3167:, p. 23. 3166: 3161: 3154: 3149: 3142: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3112: 3104: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3085: 3078: 3073: 3067:, p. 26. 3066: 3061: 3055:, p. 25. 3054: 3049: 3047: 3038: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3019: 3012: 3007: 3005: 2998:, p. 12. 2997: 2992: 2990: 2985: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2913: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2786: 2780: 2772: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2744: 2736: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2708: 2700: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2667: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2639: 2631: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2603: 2595: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2521:on 2015-06-16 2520: 2516: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2495: 2487: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2467: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2423: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2404: 2395: 2390: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2310:state of Song 2307: 2306:Shang dynasty 2303: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2206:Wèi líng gōng 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1814: 1810: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1752: 1749:Chapter 20, " 1747: 1745: 1741: 1740:Elias Canetti 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1650: 1648: 1643: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1456: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1429: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1273: 1271: 1270:Wang Yangming 1267: 1263: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1185:Five Classics 1182: 1178: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1131: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105:an earthquake 1102: 1099:The Dingzhou 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1062: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1014: 1010: 1004: 999: 994: 992: 986: 977: 966: 961: 958: 954: 950: 946: 936: 934: 930: 926: 921: 917: 912: 908: 903: 901: 890: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 825: 821: 820: 815: 812:According to 807: 803: 798: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 771: 757: 755: 751: 750: 745: 741: 737: 733: 732: 725: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 702: 700: 696: 692: 691:Five Classics 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 667: 662: 661: 650: 638: 636: 632: 627: 623: 615: 613: 609: 601: 599: 595: 592:Japanese name 590: 578: 576: 572: 567: 563: 555: 553: 549: 541: 539: 535: 530: 522: 520: 516: 512: 508: 506: 502: 497: 482: 480: 476: 473: 469: 461: 459: 455: 452: 448: 440: 438: 434: 426: 424: 421: 417: 414: 410: 404: 399: 397: 393: 385: 383: 379: 371: 369: 365: 362: 358: 350: 348: 344: 341: 337: 331: 326: 324: 320: 312: 310: 306: 298: 296: 292: 282: 280: 276: 268: 266: 262: 254: 252: 248: 240: 238: 234: 231: 227: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 200: 196: 192: 187: 182: 180: 176: 171: 166: 164: 160: 155: 150: 146: 143:(middle) and 142: 138: 132: 127: 123: 118: 111:at Wikisource 110: 109: 105: 101: 98: 92: 87: 84:Original text 81: 78: 75: 71: 68: 65: 61: 53: 49: 46: 43:Disciples of 42: 38: 34: 28: 23: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4653: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4625: 4607: 4589: 4582: 4575: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4547: 4527: 4520: 4513: 4507:San Bai Qian 4495: 4488: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4467: 4460: 4453: 4446: 4439: 4432: 4425: 4418: 4411: 4391: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4363: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4329: 4322: 4263: 4254: 4185:Confucianism 4167: 4158: 4143:by removing 4130: 4103: 4083: 4066: 4045:Indianapolis 4039: 4019: 4005: 3976: 3955: 3936:The Analects 3935: 3916: 3910: 3886: 3863: 3852:the original 3847: 3841:Manuscripts" 3838: 3828: 3806: 3787: 3779: 3760: 3742:Legge (2009) 3737: 3730:Legge (2009) 3706: 3694: 3687:Waley (1938) 3659: 3654:, p. 8. 3647: 3638: 3633: 3608: 3604: 3598: 3568:The Analects 3567: 3562: 3550: 3525: 3521: 3514: 3507:Canetti 1984 3502: 3490: 3446: 3434: 3427:Waley (1938) 3422: 3383: 3356: 3322: 3316: 3305: 3293: 3288:, p. 7. 3281: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3255: 3228: 3219: 3212:Waley (1938) 3165:Waley (1938) 3160: 3148: 3136: 3118: 3111: 3091: 3084: 3072: 3060: 3025: 3018: 2966: 2936: 2932:Kongzi Jiayu 2930: 2923:China portal 2901: 2887: 2867: 2863: 2837: 2833: 2807: 2803: 2760: 2724: 2688: 2655: 2619: 2583: 2559: 2523:. Retrieved 2519:the original 2514:The Analects 2513: 2484: 2448: 2412: 2372: 2351: 2337:Zhuansun Shi 2324: 2289: 2266: 2251: 2235: 2221:state of Wey 2204: 2185:"Xian asked" 2177: 2151: 2125: 2098: 2075: 2052: 2038:Zhou dynasty 2010: 1987: 1960: 1946:Gongye Chang 1930:Gōngyě cháng 1928: 1913: 1901: 1885: 1883: 1870: 1843: 1819: 1788: 1780: 1776: 1774: 1769: 1754: 1748: 1743: 1735: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1696: 1687: 1683: 1681: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1653: 1651: 1644: 1636: 1628: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1586: 1582: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1554: 1547: 1542: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1499: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1472: 1465: 1462: 1446:Zhou dynasty 1441: 1437: 1431: 1425: 1415: 1412:Commentaries 1411: 1409: 1404: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1368:Yuan dynasty 1363: 1360:Explanations 1359: 1350: 1348: 1339: 1331: 1327: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1298: 1294:Ming dynasty 1285: 1276:Commentaries 1268:philosopher 1266:Ming dynasty 1261: 1253: 1241: 1239: 1231:Song dynasty 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1201: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1176: 1174: 1164: 1160: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1145:North Korean 1140: 1136: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1100: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077:", and the " 1074: 1060: 1046: 1044: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1008: 995: 987: 974:), a third " 962: 948: 942: 932: 924: 919: 910: 906: 904: 899: 884:Arthur Waley 879: 875: 871: 861: 856: 855:stated that 849:Song dynasty 840: 836: 832: 828: 823: 817: 811: 808:in Stockholm 801: 774: 747: 743: 740:filial piety 735: 729: 726: 721: 709: 706:Song dynasty 703: 699:Confucianism 694: 686: 665: 664: 659: 658: 656: 635:Romanization 413:Southern Min 347:Romanization 237:Hanyu Pinyin 199:Hanyu Pinyin 157:Chinese name 106: 32: 4627:Bai Hu Tong 4601:Mathematics 4016:"Chapter 2" 3883:"Chapter 2" 3572:Yang, Bojun 3528:: 115–139. 3223:China Daily 2942:Sacred text 2361:"Yao spoke" 2026:state of Wu 1804:Translation 1672:enfeoffment 1539:Golden Rule 1344:Wei dynasty 1332:Lunyu Jizhu 1313:Lunyu Jijie 1246:Sui dynasty 1204:Eastern Han 1001: [ 864:philologist 819:Book of Han 787:Mogao Caves 683:Han dynasty 532:Korean name 472:Old Chinese 141:traditional 137:seal script 103:Translation 95:at Chinese 4694:Categories 4570:Wei Liaozi 4315:Four Books 3770:0374518815 3388:Lau (2002) 3128:2022/23420 2975:References 2962:Mahāvākyas 2525:2011-09-21 2274:"Yang Huo" 2133:"Yan Yuan" 2077:Xiāng dǎng 1971:Refers to 1732:Simon Leys 1728:Ezra Pound 1632:Legalistic 1557:. (§1.2). 1440:makes the 1235:Four Books 916:Wang Chong 868:Itō Jinsai 783:Zheng Xuan 779:Kong Anguo 777:, text by 718:Four Books 388:Leon4-jyu5 279:Wade–Giles 145:simplified 97:Wikisource 4306:Confucian 4161:July 2024 4145:excessive 3996:466432745 3617:0031-8221 3590:269201157 2980:Citations 2876:cite book 2846:cite book 2816:cite book 2779:cite book 2743:cite book 2707:cite book 2674:cite book 2638:cite book 2602:cite book 2568:cite book 2534:cite book 2494:cite book 2466:cite book 2422:cite book 2335:Zizhang ( 2332:"Zizhang" 2190:Yuan Xian 1845:Wéi zhèng 1678:Education 1428:Sima Qian 1290:Xing Bing 1250:Wang Tong 1079:Pyongyang 1042:in 2011. 945:Liu Xiang 675:Confucius 464:lwin-ngjó 374:Lèuhn-yúh 147:(bottom) 45:Confucius 20:Analects 4700:Analects 4476:Analects 4338:Analects 4264:Analects 4255:Analects 4203:LibriVox 4104:Analects 4090:, 2001. 3839:Analects 3782:論語". In 2937:Analects 2909:See also 2895:Japanese 2862:(1987). 2832:(1981). 2802:(1930). 2759:(2007). 2723:(2003). 2618:(1997). 2558:(1979). 2511:(1938). 2482:(1910). 2410:(1861). 2268:Yáng huò 2252:Analects 2179:Xiàn wèn 2127:Yán Yuān 2034:King Wen 2030:King Tai 2022:Wu Taibo 1973:Ran Yong 1886:Analects 1789:Analects 1770:Analects 1744:Analects 1736:Analects 1724:Voltaire 1716:Analects 1712:incipits 1706:Chapters 1688:Analects 1684:Analects 1602:Analects 1502:Analects 1495:Analects 1483:Analects 1442:Analects 1438:Analects 1422:Contents 1416:Analects 1405:Analects 1393:and the 1391:Analects 1387:Analects 1383:Analects 1372:Analects 1364:Analects 1340:Analects 1305:Analects 1301:Analects 1286:Analects 1262:Analects 1242:Analects 1223:and the 1221:Analects 1217:Analects 1213:Analects 1208:Analects 1193:Analects 1181:Han Wudi 1177:Analects 1165:Analects 1161:Analects 1154:Analects 1150:Analects 1141:Analects 1137:Analects 1130:Analects 1125:Analects 1121:Analects 1117:Analects 1113:Analects 1109:Analects 1101:Analects 1094:Analects 1090:Analects 1086:Analects 1082:Analects 1075:Analects 1072:Dingzhou 1061:Analects 1047:Analects 1036:Dunhuang 1032:Analects 1028:Analects 1024:Analects 1009:Analects 998:Zhang Yu 991:Huan Tan 976:Old Text 949:Analects 933:Analects 925:Analects 920:Analects 911:Analects 907:Analects 900:Analects 880:Analects 876:Analects 872:Analects 857:Analects 845:analects 824:Analects 802:Analects 775:Analects 722:Analects 710:Analects 695:Analects 687:Analects 660:Analects 511:Luận ngữ 382:Jyutping 251:Bopomofo 120:Analects 108:Analects 63:Language 33:Analects 4497:Mencius 4448:I Ching 4386:I Ching 4345:Mencius 4139:Please 4131:use of 4049:Hackett 3786:(ed.). 3752:Sources 3625:1400076 2458:1435673 2401:English 2374:Shujing 2354:Yáo yuē 2326:Zǐzhāng 2297:"Weizi" 2137:Yan Hui 2111:Min Sun 2100:Xiānjìn 2036:of the 2018:"Taibo" 1962:Yōng yě 1798:  1756:Shujing 1751:Yao Yue 1481:in the 1396:Mencius 1248:writer 1051:Luoyang 929:Mencius 804:, from 760:History 720:". The 519:Chữ Hán 487:uŋ(r)aʔ 420:Hokkien 353:Lén-nyû 271:Luenyeu 4619:Others 4217:Zhu Xi 4189:Curlie 4094: 4055: 4026: 3994: 3984: 3963: 3942: 3923: 3893: 3870: 3813: 3794: 3780:Lun yü 3767: 3623: 3615: 3588: 3578: 3542:495503 3540: 3329: 3263:Qi Lun 3099: 3033: 2957:Hadith 2793:French 2767: 2731: 2695: 2662: 2626: 2590: 2548: 2456: 2439: 2394:Tự Đức 2237:Jì shì 2159:"Zilu" 2054:Zǐ hǎn 1989:Shù ér 1942:Zigong 1903:Lǐ rén 1822:Xué ér 1807:Notes 1355:Daoism 1336:Zhu Xi 1317:He Yan 853:Zhu Xi 822:, the 814:Ban Gu 538:Hangul 443:Lūn-gú 437:Tâi-lô 429:Lūn-gú 315:Luényǔ 301:Lwúnyǔ 286:Lun-yü 40:Author 4678:Xunzi 4577:Wu Zi 4308:texts 3911:Lunyu 3855:(PDF) 3844:(PDF) 3621:JSTOR 3538:JSTOR 2902:Rongo 2866:[ 2836:[ 2806:[ 2358:) 2329:) 2294:) 2291:Wēizǐ 2271:) 2247:Jisun 2240:) 2209:) 2182:) 2156:) 2130:) 2103:) 2080:) 2057:) 2015:) 2012:Tàibó 1992:) 1965:) 1933:) 1906:) 1875:) 1872:Bā yì 1848:) 1826:) 1801:Title 1781:ziyue 1777:ziyue 1351:Lunyu 1334:) by 1315:) by 1197:zhuan 1005:] 841:Lunyu 829:Lunyu 712:as a 641:Rongo 598:Kanji 581:Noneo 552:Hanja 243:Lúnyǔ 203:Lúnyǔ 77:China 4483:Erya 4304:and 4102:The 4092:ISBN 4053:ISBN 4024:ISBN 3992:OCLC 3982:ISBN 3961:ISBN 3940:ISBN 3921:ISBN 3891:ISBN 3868:ISBN 3811:ISBN 3792:ISBN 3765:ISBN 3613:ISSN 3586:OCLC 3576:ISBN 3327:ISBN 3097:ISBN 3031:ISBN 2882:link 2852:link 2822:link 2785:link 2765:ISBN 2749:link 2729:ISBN 2713:link 2693:ISBN 2680:link 2660:ISBN 2644:link 2624:ISBN 2608:link 2588:ISBN 2574:link 2546:ISBN 2540:link 2500:link 2472:link 2454:OCLC 2437:ISBN 2428:link 2302:Zhou 2163:Zilu 2153:Zǐlù 1765:Shun 1726:and 1616:and 1596:and 1206:the 1189:jing 800:The 738:was 657:The 612:Kana 309:MPS2 4187:at 4147:or 3913:論語" 3530:doi 3124:hdl 2365:Yao 2344:20 2317:19 2282:18 2259:17 2228:16 2201:衛靈公 2197:15 2170:14 2144:13 2118:12 2091:11 2068:10 1925:公冶長 1914:ren 1796:No. 1763:to 1761:Yao 1614:ren 1610:ren 1594:Ren 1562:ren 1555:ren 1543:ren 1535:ren 1531:ren 1526:ren 1519:ren 1514:ren 1510:ren 1506:ren 1497:.) 1491:ren 1487:ren 1479:ren 1475:ren 1467:ren 1430:'s 1401:Way 1252:'s 1015:, ( 1011:to 833:lun 736:ren 731:ren 618:ろんご 423:POJ 396:IPA 323:IPA 4696:: 4086:. 4051:. 4047:: 4043:. 3990:. 3846:. 3827:. 3718:^ 3671:^ 3619:. 3609:50 3607:. 3584:. 3536:. 3526:23 3524:. 3475:^ 3458:^ 3395:^ 3368:^ 3341:^ 3273:19 3271:. 3267:. 3240:^ 3204:^ 3189:^ 3172:^ 3045:^ 3003:^ 2988:^ 2878:}} 2874:{{ 2848:}} 2844:{{ 2818:}} 2814:{{ 2781:}} 2777:{{ 2745:}} 2741:{{ 2709:}} 2705:{{ 2676:}} 2672:{{ 2640:}} 2636:{{ 2604:}} 2600:{{ 2570:}} 2566:{{ 2536:}} 2532:{{ 2496:}} 2492:{{ 2468:}} 2464:{{ 2424:}} 2420:{{ 2377:. 2348:堯曰 2321:子張 2286:微子 2263:陽貨 2254:. 2232:季氏 2223:. 2174:憲問 2148:子路 2122:顏淵 2095:先進 2072:鄉黨 2049:子罕 2045:9 2040:. 2007:泰伯 2003:8 1984:述而 1980:7 1957:雍也 1953:6 1921:5 1898:里仁 1894:4 1888:. 1867:八佾 1863:3 1840:為政 1836:2 1816:學而 1812:1 1668:de 1664:li 1660:de 1655:de 1639:Qi 1618:li 1606:li 1604:: 1598:li 1587:li 1583:li 1576:li 1572:li 1567:li 1450:c. 1321:c. 1272:. 1258:中说 1065:c. 1054:c. 1018:d. 1003:zh 981:r. 970:r. 957:Qi 953:Lu 935:. 893:c. 837:yu 749:de 744:li 701:. 604:論語 558:論語 544:논어 525:論語 340:Wu 186:论语 170:論語 91:論語 56:論語 4294:e 4287:t 4280:v 4223:. 4174:) 4168:( 4163:) 4159:( 4155:. 4137:. 4098:. 4061:. 4032:. 3998:. 3969:. 3948:. 3929:. 3909:" 3899:. 3876:. 3819:. 3800:. 3773:. 3627:. 3592:. 3557:. 3544:. 3532:: 3335:. 3130:. 3126:: 3105:. 3039:. 2884:) 2854:) 2824:) 2787:) 2773:. 2751:) 2737:. 2715:) 2701:. 2682:) 2668:. 2646:) 2632:. 2610:) 2596:. 2576:) 2542:) 2528:. 2502:) 2474:) 2460:. 2430:) 2350:( 2323:( 2288:( 2265:( 2234:( 2216:" 2212:" 2203:( 2176:( 2150:( 2124:( 2097:( 2074:( 2051:( 2009:( 1986:( 1959:( 1927:( 1900:( 1869:( 1842:( 1818:( 1448:( 1330:( 1319:( 1311:( 1256:( 967:( 485:*

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index