916:, p. 46: "Dramatic changes in the socioeconomic realm, political policy, institutional set up and governance of the state were brought in after Manipur lost her sovereignty in the Anglo-Manipuri War of 1891. At the politico-administrative outset, a rigor of deliberations among the colonial policy makers on the political fate of the state, finally concluded to refrain from direct annexation under the British India and instead introduced the rule of British paramountcy. The period of British paramountcy in Manipur can be studied under the two inter-related phases: (a) The Rule of Superintendency 1892-1907. (b) Indirect Native Rule 1907-1947."
946:
433:
955:, pp. 171–172: "Although the British connexion with the state had been established soon after the battle of Plassey, it was not until the conclusion of the Treaty of Ava in 1826 by Lord Amherst that Manipur was included in the protectorate.... British intercourse with the principality was confined to the formal admission of subordination by the rulers of Manipur, and to periodical intervention for the suppression of usurpers or for the banishment of relatives dangerous to the stability of the Maharaja's rule.".
141:
130:
97:
271:, in his place. The British government took objection to the action and attempted to arrest the general. The effort failed, with the Manipuri forces attacking the British residency and the resident and other British officials getting executed. The British launched a punitive expedition that lasted from 31 March to 27 April 1891. The general and other rebels were arrested and convicted. The British conquered Manipur and did not annex it under British India but governed it as a
239:
177:
341:
327:). Frank Grimwood was the British Political Agent. Tikendrajit is said to have been the most able of the three siblings, and was also friendly with the Political Agent. According to historian Katherine Prior, the British influence depended on the military aid they had provided to the ruling family, which had dried up in the 1880s, leading Tikendrajit to doubt the value of British alliance. Historian Jangkhomang Guite states the British
167:
150:
112:
1310:, p. 919: "The Regent Juberaj is to understand that if he is recognised as Maharaja this recognition is to be owing to the will of the British Government, and not to the successful rebellion of his brother the Senapati—in other words, he is to reign as the vassal of the British Paramount, and not as the puppet of his strong-minded brother the Senapati."
33:
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The
British position was stated by the Viceroy of India as follows: "Manipur is a subordinate Native State. We rendered it independent of Burma. We have recognized succession in Manipur and have asserted suzerainty in many ways; and Manipur ruling family have repeatedly acknowledged their position of
401:
in his own fort, which was evidently repulsed and the residency itself was besieged. Finally
Quinton went on to negotiate with Tikendrajit, accompanied by Grimwood, Skene and other British officers. The talks failed and while returning, the British party was attacked by an "angry crowd". Grimwood was
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As
Captain Drury had only 100 rifles of the 2-4th Gurkha Regiment, 50 rifles of the 12th (Burma) Madras Infantry, and 44 mounted infantry of the 12th (Burma) Madras Infantry with him, and as I did not think this force strong: enough for the purpose, I ordered two guns of No. 2 Mountain Battery and
1136:
577:
13 August is commemorated yearly as "Patriots Day" in
Manipur, with remarks to honour the Manipuri soldiers that lost their lives during the war. Tikendrajit Singh's portrait is included in the National Portrait Gallery inside the House of the People in New Delhi. 23 April is also observed as the
463:
after ousting an 800-man
Manipuri garrison. On 1 April, 2,000 Manipuri soldiers accompanied by two guns laid siege to the village, Grant's troops repelled numerous attacks during the course of nine days. On 9 April, the Tamu column retreated from Thoubal in order to join the other columns, after
423:
Ethel
Grimwood, the only woman in the retreat from the residency was later lionised as a heroine of the "Manipur Disaster" when she returned to Britain. She received a medal, £1,000, and a civil list pension. She later wrote her biography. According to scholar K. D. Reynolds, her contribution is
502:
being the last battle of Anglo
Manipur War. 350 infantrymen, 44 cavalry and 2 guns mounted an assault on the remainder of the Manipur army. Hand-to-hand fighting ensued, 2 British soldiers were killed and 11 were severely injured, while the Manipuri lost over 128 men including the death of high
372:
The
Governor-General in Council thinks that you should visit Manipur, for the avowed purpose of making, and, if necessary, enforcing, a decision on the merits of the case. You should probably have with you a sufficient force to overcome the conspirators. It is probable that a very small body of
765:
200 rifles of the 2-4th Gurkha
Regiment, the whole under the com- mand of Captain Rundall, 2-4th Gurkha Regi- ment, to reinforce Captain Drury. Captain Rundall, on arrival at the scene of action, placed his guns on a hill about 1,000 yards from the entrenchment, and commenced to shell it.
883:
483:) to send expeditionary forces to Manipur. The Kohima column was launched on 20 April, encountering no resistance apart from coming under rifle fire four days later. On 21 April, the Silchar column reached Thoubal, the next day the Tamu column clashed with Manipur troops outside
526:
was hoisted above the Kangla Palace, 62 native loyalists were freed by the
British troops. On 23 May 1891, Tikendrajit Singh was detained by British authorities On 13 August 1891, five Manipuri commanders including Tikendrajit were hanged for waging war against the
303:
in Manipur, and succession arrangements were settled by the British Government of India. However, there was no treaty between the British and Manipur confirming these arrangements. Consequently, the Manipuris tended to regard themselves as an independent state.
352:. Surachandra Singh took refuge in British residency, where Grimwood assisted him to flee the state. The Maharaja had given the impression that he was abdicating the throne but, after reaching the British territory in the neighbouring
464:
being reinforced by 100 rifles led by Captain Presgrave of the 12th (Burma) Madras Infantry. Manipur forces suffered heavy casualties during the engagement at Thoubal while the British lost one soldier dead and four wounded.
331:
reduced the strategic importance of Manipur. They contemplated introducing reforms in the administration of Manipur, such as abolition of slavery and reform in trade, but, according to Guite, Tikendrajit stood in their way.
367:
and appealed to the Government of India, reminding the British of the services he had rendered. On 24 January 1891, the Governor-General instructed the Chief Commissioner of Assam to settle the matter by going to Manipur:
377:
The Chief Commissioner Quinton persuaded the Government in Calcutta that there would be no use trying to reinstate the Maharaja. This was agreed, but the Government wanted the Senapati Tikendrajit Singh disciplined.
1121:, p. 232: " argued that since the succession law of the state was settled by the GoI in the form of primogeniture it had ‘removed any check on oppression’ by the ruling class which the people had hitherto enjoyed.".
892:, pp. 134–135: "While the Manipuris called the British action 'treachery' because they interfered in the internal affairs of an independent kingdom, the latter termed the events of 1891 as 'rebellion'.".
904:, p. 175: 'The proclamation ended thus: "The subjects of the Manipur state are enjoined to take warning by the punishments inflicted on the above-named persons found guilty of rebellion and murder".'.
983:
After comprehensively defeating the Burmese in 1826 in Assam and Manipur, and the signing of the Treaty of Yandabo, the British annexed Assam, but allowed Manipur to remain a protectorate state.
1133:, pp. 732–733: " leaves vague and undefined the exact status of the Manipur State, and there is no subsequent treaty to indicate that it was a vassal State, either of Burma or of the British.".
1145:, pp. 728–729: "It was pointed out on behalf of the accused that Manipur was an independent State and the British had no right to attack the house of Tikendrajit in order to arrest him.".
2809:
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On 21 September 1890, Tikendrajit Singh led a palace coup, ousting Maharaja Surachandra Singh and installing Kulachandra Singh as the ruler. He also pronounced himself as the new
2737:
1045:
The British authorities felt that Manipur would hardly stand independently without their 'benevolent' help. Gradually, they began to take Manipur as a protectorate state.
1495:
487:, after the latter pursued the British troops, the Manipuris were once more pushed back.On 23 April, Manipur troops led by Poila Meiraba met the British troops at
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took the initiative to lead a contingent of 50 soldiers of the 12th (Burma) Madras Infantry and 35 members of the 43rd Gurkha Regiment, to handle the situation.
1744:
1216:
1078:
1469:
134:
1073:"Grimwood [née Moore; other married name Miller], Ethel Brabazon [pseud. Ethel St Clair Grimwood] (1867–1928), the heroine of Manipur"
508:
267:. The conflict began with a palace coup staged by the general (Senapati) of Manipur, ousting its reigning king, and installing a half-brother, the
1409:
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The surviving British troops besieged in the residency were led out by two junior officers in the dead of night, along with Frank Grimwood's wife
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558:(despite having no links to nursing). British participants of the Manipuri expedition received the North East Frontier clasp for the
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speared to death. The others escaped to the fort. But during the night the crowd led them out and executed them, Quinton included.
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Kulachandra Singh (now regarded as the Regent) attending along with all the nobles, where a demand would be made to surrender the
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According to later accounts, Quinton had proposed to Kulachandra Singh a cessation of all hostilities and his return to
299:. This was certainly the British view, and is also acknowledged by several scholars. From 1835, the British stationed a
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1991:
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1655:, History and Culture of Indian People, vol. IX (4th ed.), Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan – via archive.org
1496:"India General Service Medal (1854–1895), with bar for N. E. Frontier 1891, awarded to Subadar Jangbir Rana, 1892"
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It is reported that Kulachandra Singh was absent at the time of the coup. So his role in the affair is not clear.
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for life. Manipur underwent a disarmament campaign, 4,000 firearms were confiscated from the local population.
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356:, he recanted and wanted return to the state. Both the Political Agent and the Chief Commissioner of Assam,
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409:(in Naga Hills to the north of Manipur). Kulachandra and Tikendrajit regarded the proposals as deception.
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did not. Another attempt was made the next day which was also unsuccessful. Quinton ordered the arrest of
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On 25 April, British scouts encountered 500 Manipuri soldiers on the Khongjom hillock in the vicinity of
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under the command of Colonel Skene. The plan was to hold a Darbar in the residency with the erstwhile
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Manipur then became a British protectorate although final annexation was only to take place in 1891.
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841:"Colonialism and the Princely State of Manipur: Creation of Modern Urban Space in North East India"
292:
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was a short armed conflict between the British Colonial Forces and the dissenting royal princes of
115:
62:
1568:, vol. XII, Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publication Branch – via archive.org
416:. It was a disorganised retreat. But they were met in the forests by a relief party arriving from
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According to the Manipur State Archives, they were executed upon the orders of Tikendrajit Singh.
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1961:
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1565:
A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries
1262:
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543:
357:
74:
1704:
1648:
1184:
1142:
1130:
995:
Pau, Pum Khan (2012), "Tedim Road—The Strategic Road on a Frontier: A Historical Analysis",
819:
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755:
295:, which had been heretofore occupied by the Burmese. Subsequently, Manipur became a British
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troops would be enough, and that sufficient numbers could be taken from Cachar or Kohima.
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1979:
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Legally, however, Manipur never acknowledged the suzerainty of the British Government.
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2093:
2015:
1985:
1876:
1667:
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1322:, pp. 919–920 (Government of India's report to the Secretary of State in London)
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1997:
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1580:
1410:"Tourism discovers Khongjom – Ibobi wants war cemetery developed into tourist spot"
1221:
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1004:
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was auctioned along with other collectible items for an estimated sum of £420,000.
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along with 21 Manipuri noblemen, who received sentences of property forfeiture and
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210:
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2009:
1931:
1661:
1470:"August 13: Patriots' Day "Freedom They Lost, But Love Of Freedom They Retained""
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1008:
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555:
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On 27 March 1891, news of the executions reached the British forces stationed at
256:
158:
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2202:
1758:
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272:
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and were rescued. The Residency was set on fire soon after their departure.
2773:
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2490:
2141:
2111:
1894:
1752:
1325:
1274:
1031:
Tribe-British Relations in India: Revisiting Text, Perspective and Approach
1027:"Colonisation of Manipur: Cause, Process, Native Resentment and Resistance"
296:
2436:
1624:
1268:
952:
901:
2893:
2538:
2334:
2268:
2075:
1925:
1158:
The Unquiet Valley: Society, Economy, and Politics of Manipur (1891-1950)
929:
The Unquiet Valley: Society, Economy, and Politics of Manipur (1891-1950)
518:
On 27 April 1891, the Silchar, Tamu and Kohima columns united, capturing
171:
140:
129:
102:
1705:"Page 4369 | Issue 26192, 14 August 1891 | London Gazette | The Gazette"
1585:
1337:
864:
840:
340:
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1973:
1810:
523:
1644:, Manager of Publications, Government of India – via archive.org
1642:
Indian Historical Records Commission, Proceedings Volume XXXV, Part II
742:
2755:
2508:
2328:
602:
344:
The Assam province (1931) together with the princely state of Manipur
1635:
927:
877:
2484:
1185:
Majumdar, British Paramountcy and Indian Renaissance, Part I (2002)
1143:
Majumdar, British Paramountcy and Indian Renaissance, Part I (2002)
1131:
Majumdar, British Paramountcy and Indian Renaissance, Part I (2002)
728:
488:
381:
Quinton arrived in Manipur on 22 March 1891, with an escort of 400
364:
467:
While the Tamu column was engaged in Thoubal, orders were sent to
166:
149:
111:
914:
Sudhirkumar Singh, Socio-religious and Political Movements (2011)
762:(26192): 4369–4372. 14 August 1891 – via thegazette.co.uk.
476:
460:
441:
578:"Khongjom Day", marking the occasion of the battle of Khongjom.
1554:
Ahmad, Maj Rifat Nadeem, and Ahmed, Maj Gen Rafiuddin. (2006).
519:
495:
484:
468:
417:
406:
382:
570:, for his actions during the battle of Thoubal. In 2021, the
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unclear, but a hero was required and Ethel became that hero.
1679:
1595:
1331:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1256:
1211:"Quinton, James Wallace (1834–1891), administrator in India"
1118:
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where Meiraba was killed in action along with 20 soldiers.
32:
1659:
1577:
Socio-religious and Political Movements in Modern Manipur
1343:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
459:
On 31 March 1891, the Tamu column seized the village of
452:(a Burmese town on the border with Manipur). Lieutenant
16:
1891 Armed Conflict Between Manipur Kingdom and British
542:
On 22 September 1891, the British placed the young boy
1349:
1596:
Guite, Jangkhomang (2015). "One Event, Two States".
1561:
889:
554:Ethel Grimwood was given £1,000, a pension and the
1652:British Paramountcy and Indian Renaissance, Part I
1209:
1071:
1269:Lee-Warner, The Protected Princes of India (1894)
953:Lee-Warner, The Protected Princes of India (1894)
902:Lee-Warner, The Protected Princes of India (1894)
699:"The Anglo Manipur War 1891 and its Consequences"
2943:
1556:Unfaded Glory: The 8th Punjab Regiment 1798–1956
1526:"Victoria Cross soldier's medals sell for £420k"
733:, Tata Institute of Social Sciences/Shodhganga,
393:. The Regent came to attend the Darbar, but the
1579:. Jawaharlal Nehru University. pp. 46–49.
968:The Northeast Question: Conflicts and frontiers
37:The sculptures of two dragons in front of the
1738:
1395:. Orbit Publishers-Distributors. p. 65.
1220:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1082:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1558:. Abbottabad: The Baloch Regimental Centre.
1372:Siṃha, Niṃthaukhoṃjama Khelacandra (1983).
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
878:Majumdar, Rebellion in Manipur, 1891 (1960)
1745:
1731:
1442:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
964:
845:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
31:
1584:
1024:
319:(heir apparent) and another half-brother
220:
1154:
1069:
1050:
925:
818:
787:
431:
339:
1217:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1190:
1161:, Mittal Publications, pp. 26–27,
1079:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
932:. Mittal Publications. pp. 35–38.
159:
93:
2944:
838:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
730:Self-determination movement in Manipur
726:
722:
720:
1726:
1464:
1462:
1438:
1404:
1402:
1371:
1207:
1033:, Springer Nature, pp. 264–265,
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
335:
2004:Regulator Movement in North Carolina
1392:History of Modern Manipur, 1826-1949
1388:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
1332:Temple, The Manipur Bue-Book (1891)
1320:Temple, The Manipur Bue-Book (1891)
1308:Temple, The Manipur Bue-Book (1891)
1296:Temple, The Manipur Bue-Book (1891)
1284:Temple, The Manipur Bue-Book (1891)
1257:Guite, One Event, Two States (2015)
994:
801:
727:Sharma, Hanjabam Shukhdeba (2010),
717:
498:.This battle is popularly known as
307:In 1890, the reigning Maharaja was
13:
1697:
1459:
1399:
680:
14:
2998:
2962:Military history of British India
1753:Colonial conflicts involving the
1119:Guite, One Event, Two States 2015
1029:, in Maguni Charan Behera (ed.),
770:
503:ranking officials such as Major
2987:Resistance to the British Empire
1625:Lee-Warner, Sir William (1894),
1445:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 349.
1416:. 13 August 2014. Archived from
1344:Tarapot, Bleeding Manipur (2003)
360:, dissuaded him from returning.
237:
175:
165:
148:
139:
128:
110:
95:
1829:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
1548:
1518:
1488:
1432:
1382:
1365:
1313:
1301:
1148:
1018:
988:
958:
926:Lokendra, N. (1 January 1998).
919:
907:
839:Mutuwa, Miranda Bembem (2018).
828:. 14 August 1891. p. 4370.
797:. 14 August 1891. p. 4372.
660:
651:
630:
620:
522:after finding it deserted. The
260:
1932:Father Rale's War/Dummer's War
1649:Majumdar, R. C., ed. (2002) ,
1628:The Protected Princes of India
1562:Aitchison, C. U., ed. (1931),
832:
748:
41:were destroyed during the war.
1:
2329:Black War (Van Diemen's Land)
2173:Castle Hill convict rebellion
1680:Temple, Richard (June 1891),
673:
593:Khongjom War Memorial Complex
278:
2977:Wars involving Great Britain
1660:Tarapot, Phanjoubam (2003),
1638:"Rebellion in Manipur, 1891"
1244:UK public library membership
1106:UK public library membership
1009:10.1080/09700161.2012.712387
323:was the military commander (
287:, the British helped prince
7:
971:, Routledge, pp. 3–4,
965:Phanjoubam, Pradip (2015),
588:British expedition to Tibet
581:
564:Charles James William Grant
560:India General Service Medal
454:Charles James William Grant
10:
3003:
2846:Jewish revolt in Palestine
2491:Fenian Rebellion in Canada
2136:Dwyer's guerrilla campaign
2028:American Revolutionary War
1666:, Har-Anand Publications,
1575:Sudhirkumar Singh (2011).
890:Aitchison, Treaties (1931)
363:Surachandra Singh reached
253:Manipuri Rebellion of 1891
2680:
2617:Jameson Raid South Africa
2151:
1904:
1765:
1208:Prior, Katherine (2004).
549:
329:annexation of Upper Burma
203:
184:
121:
85:
45:
30:
26:Manipur Rebellion of 1891
23:
2828:Arab revolt in Palestine
2425:Second Anglo-Burmese War
2167:Second Anglo-Maratha War
2058:Australian frontier wars
1636:Majumdar, R. C. (1960),
1610:10.1177/0376983615597381
1598:Indian Historical Review
1070:Reynolds, K. D. (2010).
613:
53:31 March – 27 April 1891
2822:Second Mohmand campaign
2557:Third Anglo-Burmese War
2521:Second Anglo-Afghan War
2323:First Anglo-Burmese War
2299:Third Anglo-Maratha War
2130:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
2040:Second Anglo-Mysore War
2034:First Anglo-Maratha War
1686:The Contemporary Review
1682:"The Manipur Blue-Book"
1631:, Macmillan and Company
1439:Datta, Amaresh (1987).
1378:. N. Khelchandra Singh.
1088:10.1093/ref:odnb/101006
648:in the northeast India.
440:, during the action at
285:First Anglo-Burmese War
265:British Empire in India
145:Major General H. Colle
2957:19th-century conflicts
2762:Third Anglo-Afghan War
2647:First Mohmand campaign
2371:First Anglo-Afghan War
2070:Third Anglo-Mysore War
1375:The Battle of Khongjom
1362:Ahmad 2006, pp. 62–65.
1226:10.1093/ref:odnb/22968
1025:Wahengbam, P. (2021),
703:Manipur State Archives
445:
427:
375:
345:
291:regain his kingdom of
122:Commanders and leaders
2982:19th century in India
2419:Second Anglo-Sikh War
2076:Cotiote (Wayanad) War
1962:French and Indian War
1155:Lokendra, N. (1998),
598:Insurgency in Manipur
544:Meidingngu Churachand
435:
370:
358:James Wallace Quinton
343:
204:Casualties and losses
75:Meidingngu Churachand
2581:Hunza–Nagar Campaign
2389:First Anglo-Sikh War
2365:Egyptian–Ottoman War
1709:www.thegazette.co.uk
756:"The London Gazette"
263:a dependency of the
2834:Waziristan campaign
2768:Waziristan campaign
2461:Revolt of Rajab Ali
1938:War of Jenkins' Ear
1298:, pp. 918–919.
1271:, pp. 171–172.
1259:, pp. 232–233.
1187:, pp. 728–729.
311:. His half-brother
2972:History of Manipur
2708:Bambatha Rebellion
2623:Anglo-Zanzibar War
2611:Chitral Expedition
2545:Anglo-Egyptian War
2317:Anglo-Ashanti wars
2022:Lord Dunmore's War
1980:Anglo-Cherokee War
1889:King William's War
1500:Fitzwilliam Museum
1414:Calcutta Telegraph
1389:Dena, Lal (1991).
997:Strategic Analysis
825:The London Gazette
794:The London Gazette
760:The London Gazette
566:also received the
446:
444:, on 1 April 1891.
346:
336:Coup and rebellion
116:Kingdom of Manipur
63:Kingdom of Manipur
24:Anglo-Manipur War
2952:Conflicts in 1891
2939:
2938:
2870:Malayan Emergency
2780:Malabar rebellion
2641:Siege of Malakand
2587:Anglo-Manipur War
2443:Anglo-Persian War
1992:Anglo-Spanish War
1944:King George's War
1865:King Philip's War
1841:Anglo-Spanish War
1673:978-81-241-0902-1
1452:978-81-260-1803-1
1242:(Subscription or
1235:978-0-19-861412-8
1168:978-81-7099-696-5
1104:(Subscription or
1097:978-0-19-861412-8
978:978-1-317-34004-1
939:978-81-7099-696-5
705:. 19 January 2012
608:Sikkim Expedition
533:Kulachandra Singh
321:Tikendrajit Singh
313:Kulachandra Singh
309:Surachandra Singh
249:Anglo-Manipur War
245:
244:
192:2 mountain guns
155:Kulachandra Singh
81:
80:
73:British victory,
2994:
2888:Cyprus Emergency
2714:Maritz rebellion
2702:Tibet expedition
2635:Benin Expedition
2455:Indian Rebellion
2449:Second Opium War
2431:Eureka Rebellion
2407:British Honduras
2383:New Zealand Wars
1968:Seven Years' War
1914:Queen Anne's War
1747:
1740:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1693:
1676:
1663:Bleeding Manipur
1656:
1645:
1632:
1621:
1590:
1588:
1569:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1502:. Archived from
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1476:. 13 August 2014
1466:
1457:
1456:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1213:
1205:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1075:
1067:
1048:
1047:
1022:
1016:
1015:
992:
986:
985:
962:
956:
950:
944:
943:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
868:
836:
830:
829:
816:
799:
798:
785:
768:
767:
752:
746:
745:
724:
715:
714:
712:
710:
695:
667:
664:
658:
655:
649:
634:
628:
624:
241:
233:
222:
215:
179:
169:
161:
152:
144:
143:
133:
132:
114:
105:
101:
99:
98:
77:declared as king
47:
46:
35:
21:
20:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2967:Manipur Kingdom
2942:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2876:Kenya Emergency
2682:
2676:
2671:Second Boer War
2665:Boxer Rebellion
2593:Pahang Uprising
2473:Ambela campaign
2395:Río de la Plata
2377:First Opium War
2359:Aden Expedition
2191:Río de la Plata
2153:
2147:
2118:Irish Rebellion
2010:First Carib War
1906:
1900:
1823:Confederate War
1817:Irish Rebellion
1767:
1761:
1751:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1700:
1698:Further reading
1674:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1506:on 11 June 2015
1494:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1420:on 11 June 2015
1408:
1407:
1400:
1387:
1383:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1236:
1206:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1098:
1068:
1051:
1041:
1023:
1019:
993:
989:
979:
963:
959:
951:
947:
940:
924:
920:
912:
908:
900:
896:
888:
884:
876:
872:
837:
833:
817:
802:
786:
771:
754:
753:
749:
725:
718:
708:
706:
697:
696:
681:
676:
671:
670:
665:
661:
656:
652:
635:
631:
625:
621:
616:
584:
556:Royal Red Cross
552:
546:on the throne.
505:Paona Brajabasi
500:Khongjom Battle
430:
338:
301:Political Agent
281:
257:Manipur Kingdom
235:
229:
217:
211:
199:2 mountain guns
198:
193:
191:
180:
164:
138:
137:
127:
96:
94:
65:
36:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3000:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2816:Barzani revolt
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2653:Tirah campaign
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2563:Central Africa
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2533:First Boer War
2530:
2524:
2518:
2515:Anglo-Zulu War
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2203:Froberg mutiny
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1883:Williamite War
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1759:British Empire
1750:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1677:
1672:
1657:
1646:
1633:
1622:
1604:(2): 226–260.
1592:
1591:
1571:
1570:
1559:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1532:. 23 June 2021
1517:
1487:
1474:Manipur Online
1458:
1451:
1431:
1398:
1381:
1364:
1348:
1346:, p. 133.
1336:
1334:, p. 921.
1324:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1286:, p. 918.
1273:
1261:
1249:
1234:
1189:
1177:
1167:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1096:
1049:
1039:
1017:
1003:(5): 776–786,
987:
977:
957:
945:
938:
918:
906:
894:
882:
870:
831:
800:
769:
747:
716:
678:
677:
675:
672:
669:
668:
659:
650:
636:From Sanskrit
629:
618:
617:
615:
612:
611:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
583:
580:
568:Victoria Cross
551:
548:
537:transportation
529:British Empire
509:Heirang Kongja
429:
426:
414:Ethel Grimwood
354:Assam Province
337:
334:
280:
277:
273:princely state
243:
242:
225:
206:
205:
201:
200:
195:
187:
186:
182:
181:
146:
135:Lord Lansdowne
124:
123:
119:
118:
108:
107:
106:
88:
87:
83:
82:
79:
78:
71:
67:
66:
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2999:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2804:Ikhwan revolt
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2251:Spice Islands
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2209:Santo Domingo
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:Pontiac's War
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1950:Carnatic Wars
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:Tuscarora War
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1454:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1040:9789811634246
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
984:
980:
974:
970:
969:
961:
954:
949:
941:
935:
931:
930:
922:
915:
910:
903:
898:
891:
886:
879:
874:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
835:
827:
826:
821:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
796:
795:
790:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
766:
761:
757:
751:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:
723:
721:
704:
700:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
679:
663:
654:
647:
643:
640:, also spelt
639:
633:
627:dependence.".
623:
619:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
579:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
547:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
462:
457:
455:
451:
443:
439:
434:
425:
421:
419:
415:
410:
408:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
374:
369:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
342:
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:Gambhir Singh
286:
276:
274:
270:
269:heir-apparent
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
240:
234:
232:
226:
223:
216:
214:
208:
207:
202:
196:
189:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
162:
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44:
40:
39:Kangla Palace
34:
29:
22:
19:
2774:Iraqi Revolt
2629:Matabeleland
2605:North Borneo
2599:Matabeleland
2586:
2551:Saskatchewan
2353:Upper Canada
2347:Lower Canada
2305:Persian Gulf
2221:Persian Gulf
2161:Newfoundland
2142:Polygar Wars
2112:Kandyan Wars
2064:Nootka Sound
1712:. Retrieved
1708:
1689:
1685:
1662:
1651:
1641:
1627:
1601:
1597:
1586:10603/121665
1576:
1564:
1555:
1549:Bibliography
1534:. Retrieved
1529:
1520:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:the original
1499:
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1473:
1441:
1434:
1422:. Retrieved
1418:the original
1413:
1391:
1384:
1374:
1367:
1339:
1327:
1315:
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1291:
1264:
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844:
834:
823:
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763:
759:
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729:
707:. Retrieved
702:
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553:
541:
517:
513:Chinglensana
499:
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324:
316:
306:
297:protectorate
282:
259:, which was
252:
248:
246:
230:
212:
86:Belligerents
18:
2894:Suez Crisis
2792:Transjordan
2696:West Africa
2673:(1899–1902)
2667:(1898–1901)
2659:Six-Day War
2607:(1894–1905)
2595:(1891–1895)
2575:Mashonaland
2539:Mahdist War
2479:Shimonoseki
2409:(1847–1901)
2319:(1824–1901)
2287:Cape Colony
2185:Cape Colony
2144:(1799–1805)
2138:(1799–1803)
2126:(1798–1800)
2114:(1796–1818)
2088:Cape Colony
2078:(1793–1806)
2060:(1788–1934)
1956:Nova Scotia
1926:Yamasee War
1897:(1694–1700)
1871:Child's War
1859:2nd Tangier
1853:1st Tangier
1849:(1655–1739)
1799:Saint Kitts
1777:(1593–1603)
851:: 448–456.
820:"No. 26192"
789:"No. 26192"
436:Lieutenant
275:till 1947.
227:+178
218:15 (
194:350 riffles
172:Tikendrajit
2946:Categories
2798:Pink's War
2690:Somaliland
2527:Basutoland
2281:Guadeloupe
2263:Xhosa Wars
2245:Seychelles
2227:Guadeloupe
2215:Martinique
2082:Rohilkhand
2046:Gold Coast
2016:Rohilkhand
1974:Bengal War
1811:Pequot War
1714:20 October
1246:required.)
1108:required.)
743:10603/2710
674:References
562:. Colonel
524:Union Jack
473:Naga Hills
279:Background
153:Maharajah
2930:Falklands
2926:(1963–67)
2920:(1962–66)
2914:(1962–90)
2902:(1962–76)
2890:(1955–59)
2884:(1954–59)
2878:(1952–60)
2872:(1948–60)
2866:(1946–50)
2858:Indonesia
2854:(1945–46)
2852:Indochina
2848:(1944–48)
2836:(1936–39)
2830:(1936–39)
2818:(1931–32)
2812:(1930–31)
2806:(1927–30)
2788:(1922–24)
2786:Kurdistan
2770:(1919–20)
2746:(1916–17)
2726:Nyasaland
2722:(1914–15)
2716:(1914–15)
2704:(1903–04)
2698:(1901–02)
2692:(1900–20)
2655:(1897–98)
2649:(1897–98)
2631:(1896–97)
2601:(1893–94)
2565:(1886–89)
2541:(1881–99)
2535:(1880–81)
2529:(1880–81)
2523:(1879–80)
2511:(1875–76)
2497:Abyssinia
2493:(1866–71)
2487:(1864–65)
2475:(1863–64)
2467:Kagoshima
2463:(1857–58)
2457:(1857–59)
2451:(1856–60)
2445:(1856–57)
2439:(1854–56)
2437:Åland War
2421:(1848–49)
2397:(1845–50)
2391:(1845–46)
2385:(1845–72)
2379:(1839–42)
2373:(1839–42)
2367:(1839–41)
2355:(1837–38)
2349:(1837–38)
2343:(1831–33)
2337:(1831–32)
2331:(1828–32)
2325:(1824–26)
2301:(1817–18)
2277:(1814–16)
2271:(1812–15)
2265:(1811–79)
2259:(1810–11)
2239:Mauritius
2211:(1808–09)
2193:(1806–07)
2169:(1803–05)
2132:(1798–99)
2102:(1795–96)
2096:(1795–96)
2072:(1789–92)
2048:(1781–82)
2042:(1779–84)
2036:(1775–82)
2030:(1775–83)
2018:(1773–74)
2012:(1769–73)
2006:(1765–71)
2000:(1763–66)
1994:(1762–63)
1982:(1758–61)
1976:(1756–65)
1970:(1756–63)
1964:(1754–63)
1958:(1749–55)
1952:(1746–63)
1946:(1744–48)
1940:(1740–42)
1934:(1722–25)
1928:(1715–17)
1922:(1711–15)
1916:(1702–13)
1891:(1688–97)
1885:(1688–91)
1873:(1686–90)
1867:(1675–78)
1843:(1654–60)
1837:(1654–67)
1831:(1649–53)
1825:(1641–53)
1813:(1634–38)
1783:(1609–46)
1692:: 917–924
1618:0376-9836
857:2249-1937
735:Chapter 3
603:Pakhangba
438:CJW Grant
236:5
209:4
2918:Malaysia
2840:Ethiopia
2738:Peshawar
2503:Manitoba
2485:Duar War
1781:Virginia
1530:BBC News
865:26906278
638:yuvarāja
582:See also
489:Kakching
399:senapati
395:senapati
391:senapati
365:Calcutta
325:senapati
315:was the
261:arguably
185:Strength
58:Location
2912:Sarawak
2864:Sarawak
2756:Nigeria
2744:Mohmand
2732:Nigeria
2683:century
2341:Malacca
2335:Jamaica
2293:Algiers
2233:Reunion
2179:Surinam
2154:century
2100:Grenada
2094:Jamaica
1986:Jamaica
1907:century
1847:Jamaica
1775:Ireland
1768:century
1755:English
1536:27 June
477:Silchar
461:Thoubal
442:Thoubal
383:Gurkhas
293:Manipur
283:In the
231:†
213:†
197:+3,200
170:Jubraj
157: (
2932:(1982)
2908:(1962)
2906:Brunei
2896:(1956)
2860:(1945)
2842:(1943)
2824:(1935)
2800:(1925)
2794:(1923)
2782:(1921)
2776:(1920)
2764:(1919)
2758:(1918)
2752:(1917)
2750:Quebec
2740:(1915)
2734:(1915)
2728:(1915)
2710:(1906)
2661:(1899)
2643:(1897)
2637:(1897)
2625:(1896)
2619:(1896)
2613:(1895)
2589:(1891)
2583:(1891)
2577:(1890)
2571:(1888)
2569:Hazara
2559:(1885)
2553:(1885)
2547:(1882)
2517:(1879)
2505:(1870)
2499:(1868)
2481:(1864)
2469:(1863)
2433:(1854)
2427:(1852)
2415:(1848)
2413:Ceylon
2403:(1847)
2401:Canton
2361:(1839)
2313:(1823)
2311:Guiana
2307:(1819)
2295:(1816)
2289:(1815)
2283:(1815)
2253:(1810)
2247:(1810)
2241:(1810)
2235:(1810)
2229:(1810)
2223:(1809)
2217:(1809)
2205:(1807)
2199:(1807)
2187:(1806)
2181:(1804)
2175:(1804)
2163:(1800)
2120:(1798)
2108:(1795)
2106:Ceylon
2090:(1795)
2084:(1794)
2066:(1789)
2054:(1786)
2024:(1774)
1988:(1762)
1879:(1687)
1861:(1664)
1855:(1662)
1835:Acadia
1819:(1641)
1807:(1628)
1805:Quebec
1801:(1626)
1795:(1622)
1789:(1612)
1787:Swally
1670:
1616:
1510:8 June
1480:8 June
1449:
1424:8 June
1240:
1232:
1165:
1102:
1094:
1037:
975:
936:
863:
855:
709:8 June
646:jubraj
642:yubraj
550:Legacy
520:Imphal
496:Pallel
485:Pallel
481:Cachar
475:) and
469:Kohima
418:Cachar
407:Kohima
387:jubraj
350:jubraj
317:jubraj
174:
100:
70:Result
2810:Tirah
2720:Tochi
2509:Perak
2275:Nepal
2197:Egypt
2124:Malta
2052:Assam
1895:Ghana
1793:Ormuz
861:JSTOR
614:Notes
572:medal
190:+395
103:India
2924:Aden
2900:Oman
2882:Oman
2681:20th
2257:Java
2152:19th
1905:18th
1877:Siam
1766:17th
1716:2023
1668:ISBN
1614:ISSN
1538:2021
1512:2015
1482:2015
1447:ISBN
1426:2015
1230:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1035:ISBN
973:ISBN
934:ISBN
853:ISSN
711:2015
511:and
479:(in
471:(in
450:Tamu
247:The
50:Date
2269:USA
1606:doi
1581:hdl
1222:doi
1084:doi
1005:doi
739:hdl
644:or
428:War
251:or
221:WIA
160:POW
2948::
1707:.
1690:59
1688:,
1684:,
1640:,
1612:.
1602:42
1600:.
1528:.
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1461:^
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843:.
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1514:.
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1455:.
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1238:.
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224:)
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