Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)

2684:

traditionalism and now controlled Sinn Féin such as Paddy McLogan, and a faction of younger, left-wing IRA members such as Ruairí Ó Brádaigh and Cathal Goulding who now controlled the IRA Army Council following post-Border campaign elections. The Curragh faction wanted to publicly declare that Sinn Féin had no part in calling off the Border campaign. They were told in stark terms they were to do no such thing, as, besides the fact this would undermine the IRA's decision to end the campaign, Sinn Féin would never have had any influence in the decision regardless, as only the IRA Army Council had the authority to begin or end campaigns. Furthermore, it was made clear by the IRA that, as far as they were concerned, Sinn Féin answered to the IRA, and not the other way around. This hardline stance by the IRA alienated the Curragh faction and many of them, including McLogan and Tony Magan, resigned from Sinn Féin in protest. In their wake,

851:(although there were some communists in the IRA at this time, such as Peadar O'Donnell); he saw the arrangement as purely utilitarian and regarded the Soviets as "shifty" and "out to exploit us." Some republicans argued that they had lost the Civil War because they had not appealed to the social unrest in the country and had lacked any social or economic programme, which allowed communists to gain influence. Nevertheless, the IRA passed specifications of British "submarine detection sonar and aeroplane engines for bombers, military journals and manuals, and gas masks" to the Soviets and the IRA's man in the U.S., "Mr. Jones", passed "reports of the army's chemical weapons service, state-of-the-art gas masks, machine-gun and aeroplane engine specifications, and reports from the navy, air service and army" to Red Army intelligence. 1385:(German military intelligence), parachuted into Ireland and was almost immediately arrested. On 28 February 1942 he escaped. The IRA intended to send him back to Germany with a request for weapons, ammunition, explosives, radio equipment and money. The IRA Army Executive met on 20 April and sanctioned the request. They also approved a plan to "give military information to powers at war with England even before any definite contacts established with these powers", provided the information did not endanger civilians. The plan was quickly discovered when an IRA courier was arrested on the Dublin-Belfast train with documentation of the decisions taken, and details of the Nazi contact. This led to the arrest of Schuetz, on 30 April, only hours before he was due to set sail. The boat was seized and the crew arrested. 1461:, Willie McGuinness, Bertie McCormack and a few others. They did not know who else would help, nor who had been in the Army. The problems were evident but no one had ready answers. The loss of all the GHQ staff and their records had left Dublin as isolated from the country as the country was from Dublin. Even though there was a lack of information and manpower, the obvious first step was to get some sort of unit going in Dublin. The next step was to resurrect the Army Executive and through it, the legitimate structure of the IRA. One of the first acts of the reformed IRA was, on 10 March 1945, to call a "ceasefire" with the United Kingdom. It was a declaration met with indifference at best and bemusement at worst by most of the world, who at this point considered the IRA a dead organisation. 2572:. The "three Macs" believed that a political organisation was necessary to help rebuild the IRA. IRA members were instructed to join Sinn Féin en masse, and despite the IRA's small numbers following WW2, they were successfully able to fully take over the organisation. This coup d'état of Sinn Féin was made possible due to the weak state of Sinn Féin itself; the party had become a shell of its former self in the decades following Éamon de Valera taking the bulk of the membership with him when he split to form Fianna Fáil in 1926. Paddy McLogan was named Sinn Féin president in 1950, with fellow IRA member 2548:

the legitimacy of Dáil Eireann, and indeed, the IRA banned its members from joining the Clann on the basis that they were not going to be an abstentionist party. Nonetheless, they watched with curiosity as to how this party would fare. At first hopes for Clann na Poblachta were high, with some believing it would challenge Fianna Fáil in the Dáil. However shrewd electioneering by De Valera meant that the Clann did not become the great power they had hoped to be. They did, however, manage to enter government in 1948 as part of the coalition which made up the

150: 769:

potential. The casualties of the anti-Treaty IRA in the Civil War have never been accurately counted, but are thought to have been considerably more than the 800 or so deaths suffered by the Free State Army, perhaps two or three times as numerous. Significantly however, the war had not been brought to an end by any kind of agreement between the two sides. The IRA of the post-Civil War era would never accept the Free State as a legitimate Irish government and would continue to oppose its existence.

227: 2500: 2488: 1496: 1225:, which, among its objectives, called for the "destruction of the Masonic Order in Ireland" and the "reversal of the cultural conquest of our country by England", not excluding "the employment of compulsion" to that end. Many far-right figures joined the party, including Ó Cuinneagáin, who lead the party's youth wing, Aicéin, until its independence was terminated in 1942, while Córas na Poblachta took on a strongly anti-Semitic and pro-German character. 621:. At the beginning of the Civil War, the Free State had about 8,000 fighters, mostly pro-Treaty IRA volunteers. The anti-Treaty side could muster about 15,000 men but it could not arm them all. At the start of the war, they had just under 7,000 rifles, a few machine guns and a handful of armoured cars taken from British garrisons (who were under orders not to fire on IRA units) as they evacuated the country. The remainder of anti-Treaty IRA arms were 704: 545: 252: 239: 196: 38: 942: 1077: 993:, but saluted the IRA one. By 1935 this relationship had turned to enmity on both sides. The IRA accused Fianna Fáil of "selling out" by not declaring a republic and by tolerating the continued partition of Ireland. De Valera banned the IRA in 1936, after they murdered a landlord's agent, Richard More O'Farrell, in a land dispute and fired shots at police during a strike of 1323:, at an emergency session of the Dáil, introduced the Emergency Powers Bill to reinstate internment, Military Tribunal, and executions for IRA members. It was rushed through and given its third reading the next day creating the Emergency Powers Act. It was later used to execute at least six IRA volunteers in Ireland between 1940 and 1944. 1470: 2656:, curtailed IRA operations and ultimately broke morale. Eighteen people in total were killed during the campaign, of whom seven were members of the RUC and eight were members of the IRA itself. The campaign was on the whole a failure. It petered out in the late 1950s and was officially ended in February 1962. 2629:, as it became known, involved various military columns carrying out a range of military operations, from direct attacks on security installations to disruptive actions against infrastructure. The campaign received, initially, significant support from the south. Support increased massively after the deaths of 1342:

In July 1940 the IRA issued an open letter stating that if "German forces should land in Ireland, they will land...as friends and liberators of the Irish people". Readers were informed that Germany desired neither "territory nor...economic penetration" in Ireland but simply wanted Ireland to play its

1115:

of Clan na Gael, who pledged monetary support to Russell's cause, while in Ireland, his supporters Peadar O'Flaherty and Tom McGill travelled the country, sounding out support for Russell, and had the IRA's commanding officer in England replaced by Jimmy Joe Reynolds, who favoured a bombing campaign.

1067:

was assassinated in his West Cork home by IRA gunmen for recruiting many local Irishmen, including IRA members and even a captain in the Drimoleague IRA company, into the British military which combined with other members immigrating to the UK for work had a notable effect on IRA manpower. The Gardaí

984:

organisation set up by Eoin O'Duffy, originally composed of Civil war veterans of the Free State Army. The IRA and the Blueshirts both attacked political meetings and also fought street brawls against each other. While most of the fighting was conducted with fists or boots, at least one Blueshirt and

868:

The IRA considered itself to be upholding the Republic that was declared in the 1916 Proclamation and held that the government of the Irish Free State was illegitimate. It maintained that it remained the army of that Republic, in direct continuity with the IRA of the War of Independence period. There

648:

In July 1922, the anti-Treaty IRA units held most of the south and west of Ireland. However, the Republicans, under a new chief of staff, Liam Lynch, soon lost most of the territory they initially controlled. While the anti-Treaty side had a numerical advantage at the very start of the war, they were

556:

issued directives to newspapers that its Army was to be called "The National Army", and that its opponents were to be called "Irregulars" and were not to be associated with the IRA of 1919–1921. This attitude hardened as the Civil War went on, and especially after the killing of Michael Collins in an

736:

landed class—a policy motivated by both class antagonism and nationalist resentment against a class traditionally seen as "pro-British". The Free State Government, for its part, officially executed 77 anti-Treaty prisoners. Government forces also carried out a number of atrocities against prisoners.

699:

Despite the limitations of the anti-Treaty IRA's campaign, they still inflicted more fatalities on Free State troops (about 800) in the eleven-month civil war than they had on British Crown forces, who lost about 600 killed in the almost three-year-long War of Independence (1919–1921). The disparity

2547:

was formed in Ireland by former Chief of Staff Sean MacBride. Several of the leading members were also former left-wing IRA members and the party itself espoused itself as Republican. However, many of the militarists left within the IRA were not eager to support any political party which recognised

800:

to the position of chief of staff. Twomey would go on to hold the position for almost a decade and became the longest-lasting Chief of Staff of this iteration of the IRA. Under his reign, he cautiously opened the IRA up to left-wing influences in order to contrast it against the emerging right-wing

768:

In 1924 the IRA counted 14,500 members in total, including young men aged from 19 upwards, but with just over 5,000 weapons in its dumps. By 1926 the number of members had shrunk to 5,042. By 1930 the IRA possessed fewer than 2,000 members and only 859 rifles, indicating the decline in its military

760:

By this time, thousands of republicans were already prisoners of the Free State government led by W. T. Cosgrave; many more were arrested after they dumped arms and returned to civilian life. By late 1923, over 12,000 anti-Treaty IRA men were interned. The prisoners were released over the following

754:

Further sacrifice of life would now be vain and continuance of the struggle in arms unwise in the national interest and prejudicial to the future of our cause. Military victory must be allowed to rest for the moment with those who have destroyed the Republic. Other means must be sought to safeguard

719:

The conduct of the Civil War resulted in long-lasting bitterness on both sides. In September special emergency legislation came into effect under which military tribunals were empowered to pass death sentences. The head of the anti-Treaty forces, Liam Lynch, responded with an announcement that Free

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When the next army convention was called, MacBride was ousted and Tom Barry elected Chief of Staff. Barry began preparations for a large-scale invasion of Northern Ireland, establishing camps where hundreds of IRA men were trained, creating detailed maps containing the locations of army and police

908:

In the years after the Civil War, many republicans viewed the Free State, with its censorship of newspapers and extensive coercive legislation, as a sham democracy, in the service of British imperialism. The IRA remained prepared to take over the country by insurrection, after which it expected to

1119:

Growing frustration by younger members of the IRA at the organisation's inactivity under Fitzpatrick's leadership led to Seán Russell's election as Chief of Staff at a General Army Convention of the IRA in April 1938, in spite of Barry's protests against the idea of a bombing campaign and Russell

2555:

The failure of Clann na Poblachta reinforced the IRA's doubts about the ability of left-wing political parties to wrestle power out of the hands of Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael and helped spur the IRA towards traditionalism in the 1950s. However, their initial success did help convince the IRA they

1138:

who remained Republicans. 7 of these former TDs transferred what authority they believed they had as representatives of the second Dáil to the IRA army council, thus, in their minds, rendering it the legitimate governing body of Ireland. The IRA felt this move gave them the authority to formally

616:

The IRA had been expanded hugely in 1922, from perhaps 15,000 men before the truce with the British in July 1921, to over 72,000 by November 1922. Veterans of the War of Independence derisively termed the new recruits "truceileers". These were to divide in broadly the same ratio as the veterans;

744:

By 1923, the defeat of the anti-Treaty IRA seemed assured. It controlled no territory and its guerrilla campaign had little public support. The civil war petered out in mid-1923 after the death in action of IRA chief-of-staff Liam Lynch. Shortly afterward, on 24 May 1923, the anti-Treaty forces

3186:

To legitimise the Russell leadership, the seven remaining members of the second dáil handed over 'governmental power' to the IRA army council in December 1938. On 12 January 1939 the IRA delivered an ultimatum to the British government to leave Ireland or face war. Later that month the bombing

1020:

had quickly collapsed due to the combination of fierce reaction from the Catholic Church, deeply hostile to anything that appeared communist, and repressive legislation immediately introduced by the government. Left-wing IRA members, including Peadar O'Donnell, Frank Ryan and George Gilmore,

561:

on 25 July 1922 that those on the anti-Treaty side were "misguided, but practically all of them are sincere". However, the subsequent government attitude under Cosgrave was that the anti-Treaty side were rebels against the lawful government, and were not entitled to recognition as legitimate

2683:

Following the failure of the border campaign, the IRA and its allies undertook a serious review of themselves. By 1962 there were two factions in the Republican movement; the "Curragh" faction consisting of older IRA men who had served prison sentences together in the Curragh who favoured

988:

Initially, de Valera's Fianna Fáil government was friendly towards the IRA, legalising the organisation and freeing all their prisoners who had been interned by Cumann na nGaedhael. This afforded the IRA a quasi-legal status that meant Gardaí were unwilling to act against them for fear of

1420:

It has been rumoured that during the war period IRA members may have attempted to provide intelligence to assist the German aerial bombing of industrial targets in Northern Ireland. However, information recovered from Germany after the war showed that the planning of raids such as the

530: 3244:

By the mid-1930s much of the anti-Treaty IRA left-wing element had abandoned it and the paramilitary leadership now gravitated towards a more conservative position. This first saw communists banned from the movement before the group formed an effective alliance with Nazi Germany in

778: 1432:

The IRA was severely damaged by the measures taken against it by the governments on both sides of the border during the Second World War. IRA members were interned both north and south of the border, and a number of IRA men, including the chief of staff between 1942 and 1944,

474:, and declared their own Army Executive to be the real government of the country until the Republic was formally established. The reasons why volunteers chose pro- and anti-Treaty positions are complex. One factor was an evaluation of the military situation. Whereas Collins, 1412:

commemoration, developed into a street gun battle. A police constable, father of four Thomas James Forbes, was killed, in consequence of which six of the eight members of the active unit were sentenced to death. In the event all but one were reprieved. On 2 September 1942

1218:. A year later, IRA officers approached O'Duffy and asked him to join the organisation. While O'Duffy did not take up the offer, he was later invited to join Moss Twomey and Andrew Cooney in protesting the basing of American troops in Northern Ireland. 1025:. This, in turn, was ultimately a failure, partly because conservative elements in the IRA leadership opposed it and forced its supporters to leave the organisation. The Congress itself also split and collapsed after its first general meeting in 1935. 877:, still proclaiming themselves the only legitimate Irish parliament. For most of this period, the IRA's relations with Sinn Féin were poor (IRA members were even forbidden to join the party), despite the reconciliation attempt represented by the 1929 884:

The IRA intervened in a number of strikes during this period, and IRA members campaigned against the payment of land annuities (in respect of the buying-out of landlords by the former British administration), with Peadar O'Donnell establishing the

649:

soon both outnumbered and outgunned. The Free State's National Army was quickly expanded to over 38,000 by the end of 1922 and to 55,000 men and 3,000 officers by the end of the war; one of its sources of recruits was Irish ex-servicemen from the

1210:

and visited Germany three times ‘to discuss potential agents, the supply of arms in the event of war, radio sets and courier communication.' In 1942 he wrote an article arguing that Ireland's future lay in an alliance with a victorious Germany.

1123:

Russell's tenure as Chief of Staff would signal both a tactical and ideological departure from the Twomey, MacBride and Barry period. Russell eschewed the left-wing tendencies of the 1920s and 30s IRA and pushed for a more "militarist" approach.

661:: a unit composed of former IRA men, mostly from the Dublin Brigade's active service unit who were to the forefront in the Free State's offensive of July–August 1922. They sided with the Free State primarily out of personal loyalty to Collins. 2692:

The move to a class-based political outlook and the consequent rejection of any stance that could be seen as sectarian—including the use of IRA arms to defend one side, that side being the beleaguered Catholic communities of Belfast in the

2720:

that claimed 1,707 lives. In 1997 it announced a ceasefire which effectively marked the end of its campaign. In 2005 it formally announced the end of its campaign and destroyed much of its weaponry under international supervision. Today,

1133:

One of the first major moves by Russell was to shore up the political credibility of the IRA. As Chief of Staff, he was able to secure a powerful symbolic gesture from the "rump" of the second Dáil, that is to say, elected members of the

1100:. However, the plan was cancelled just days before it was scheduled to be executed as a result of revelations that the plans had been leaked, becoming common knowledge in Dublin, and that the Belfast Brigade had been infiltrated by the 628:

Public support for the Treaty settlement and the new Irish Free State was reflected in the victory of the pro-Treaty side in general elections in 1922 and 1923. Anti-Treaty forces controversially seized a number of public buildings in

2552:. Unfortunately for the Clann, that government's run proved to be somewhat disastrous and permanently dented their support. In each subsequent election, the Clann received less and less support until it dissolved as a party in 1965. 2688:

proposed Ruairí Ó Brádaigh as the new leader of Sinn Féin and this was accepted. In September 1962 Cathal Goulding succeed Ó Brádaigh as IRA Chief of Staff, leaving the new guard now in control of both Sinn Féin and the IRA.

1453:, the IRA still existed but its numbers had been severely depleted. Some IRA units remained in the Irish countryside; however, they were cut off from any sort of command structure and bitterly demoralised. Out of touch with 1350:

By 1941, the IRA numbered fewer than 1,000 members, many of whom were imprisoned. Most of its able political organisers had left in the mid- to late-1930s and its "natural constituency" had been appropriated by Fianna Fáil.

1044:. The IRA did not show any support for the Spanish Republic and subsequently banned members for joining the Connolly Column. Frank Ryan was perhaps the most prominent Irish participant. (At the same time, IRA opponent and 1151:

The IRA that emerged from the debacle of the Republican Congress would be inspired primarily by a conservative, strictly nationalist political outlook and was increasingly influenced by radical right-wing ideas based on

997:

workers, on top of their bank robberies. However, most of the IRA's republican constituency were reconciled to the Free State by de Valera's government, which introduced a republican constitution in 1937, abolishing the

570:, formed an association called the "Old IRA" to distinguish themselves from the anti-Treaty fighters. Some pro-Treaty IRA officers, such as Eoin O'Duffy, alleged that the "Irregulars" had not fought the British in the 687:

and other towns from the Free State on several occasions. The IRA's relative popularity in this area had much to do with the brutality of the occupying Free State troops. Other areas of guerrilla activity included

1088:, who prepared a bombing campaign in England in spite of MacBride's disapproval. MacBride had Russell court-martialed for misappropriating IRA funds, resulting in the latter's demotion within the organisation. 2830: 869:

were several competing organisations on the radical republican side of Irish politics during this period. In addition to the IRA, these included the hard-line elements of anti-Treaty Sinn Féin, such as

1013:, a left-wing IRA leader who was opposed to the Catholic nationalism of many IRA members, said disparagingly that "we don't have an IRA battalion in Belfast, we have a battalion of armed Catholics". 8536: 2645:

held in 1957, Sinn Féin fielded 19 candidates and won four seats, and almost won a couple more in tightly contested elections. One of the four new Sinn Féin TDs would be future IRA Chief of Staff

605:. The Northern IRA launched a renewed military offensive in May 1922, in which it was aided covertly by both the National Army and the anti-Treaty IRA. This was interrupted by the outbreak of the 3945: 969:

not to respect the result and prepared for another civil war. To their surprise, Cosgrave's party peacefully gave up power and instructed the police and armed forces to obey the new government.

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in 1927 in revenge for his perceived responsibility for executions in the Civil War. A total of four Gardaí were killed by the IRA in the period 1926–1936. In 1932 Gardaí shot two IRA leaders,

865:

Also in 1926, the IRA launched a campaign in Dublin to rid the city of moneylenders. It employed largely anti-Semitic rhetoric, with a large number of the known moneylenders raided being Jews.

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part in the "reconstruction" of a "free and progressive Europe". The Third Reich was also praised as the "energising force" of European politics and the "guardian" of national freedom. When

4715: 985:

one IRA man were shot dead in these clashes. IRA leaders saw in these events the beginnings of a republican revolution and the overthrow of the Free State. They were to be disappointed.

1457:, and with other units, IRA members became fewer and fewer. In 1945, one of the first attempts was made to create a centre in Dublin. The meeting consisted of Sean Ashe, Micksy Conway, 675:

with Dublin. They also burned many public buildings and "commandeered" supplies by force, alienating many civilians. Furthermore, without the public support that had existed during the

1362:

travelled to Germany in 1940 to canvass for arms. He became ill and died on board a German U-boat which was bringing him back to Ireland in August that year along with Frank Ryan (see

679:

and facing an enemy who knew them and the countryside intimately, the anti-Treaty forces found that they could not sustain a guerrilla war such as that fought against Britain. Only in

637:. Eventually, after two months and under British pressure, Michael Collins decided to remove them by force. Pro-Treaty forces bombarded the building, which surrendered after two days. 8541: 4739: 1084:

Seán MacBride was disliked by many members of the IRA who were distrustful of his inclination for politics, and he soon came in to open conflict with the IRA's Quartermaster-General,

905:. IRA members also helped establish the "Friends of Soviet Russia", from which they later expelled Communist Party members when relations between the two organisations deteriorated. 5976: 2800: 3003: 741:

in reprisal for the killing of Free State soldiers. Ironically, the men accused of these war crimes were mostly from the Dublin Guard, themselves IRA veterans from 1919 to 1921.

466:

Anti-Treaty officers called an army convention in March 1922, attended by their supporters, which reaffirmed their opposition to the Treaty. They repudiated the authority of the

5097: 2752:

up to 1972, when they called a ceasefire. However, some members engaged in some armed activities until 1979 when a decision was made to re-orient the group towards fundraising.

8210: 3544:

to give military information to powers at war with England, which would not endanger civilian lives, even before any definite contacts have been established with these powers.

914: 8123: 5825: 3311: 1473:

Former Chief of Staff Sean MacBride formed a new political party in 1947 called Clann na Poblachta. Many of the members were also former IRA members who held left wing views

7783: 1206:

denounced Britain and the United States as being "centres of Freemasonry, international financial control and Jewry". In 1939 O'Donovan became increasingly enamoured of

1437:, were executed by the Irish government for criminal offences committed during the war. Kerins had been tried and found guilty of the murder of a local police officer ( 1006:. By the late 1930s at the latest, most Irish people disagreed with the residual Irish Republican Army's claims that it remained the legitimate 'army of the Republic'. 8169: 972:

In the first two years of Fianna Fáil government, the IRA's membership grew from a low of 1,800 to over 10,000. This can be put down to the radicalising impact of the

859: 671:

The anti-Treaty guerrilla campaign was spasmodic and ineffective. Much of it was composed of the destruction of infrastructure such as the main railway bridge linking

1388:

In Belfast, much to the alarm of the Northern Ireland authorities, the city's brigade had developed a "Protestant squad", an intelligence unit, largely recruited by

490:

felt that the IRA's position was stronger than it had ever been. Another factor was the role of powerful personalities; where the leader of an IRA unit—for example

2701:

wing of the republican movement, with the latter subscribing to a traditional Catholic/nationalist analysis of the situation while the Officials subscribed to the

439:

resigned. Sinn Féin split between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty factions, and the Army did likewise. The majority of headquarters staff, many of whom were close to

2822: 2240: 55: 1347:

retorted that the Nazis were anti-Catholic, the IRA responded that Hitler's and Mussolini's support of Franco in Spain proved their pro-Catholic credentials.

1244:

wrote an appeal pleading with the IRA to dump arms until the war in Europe was over and denounced them for flirting with fascism by seeking aid from Germany.

376:

signed on 6 December 1921 ended this war by granting most of the island a great degree of independence, but with six counties in the north staying within the

886: 1400:'s Ulster Union Club. But while Graham, who opposed cooperation with the Germans, and others in the Belfast command continued to debate the merits of a new 854:

In 1926, after failing to persuade Sinn Féin to participate in the political institutions of the Free State, de Valera formed a new political party, called

737:

This was particularly pronounced in Kerry, where the fighting was most bitter. On at least three occasions in March 1923, IRA prisoners were massacred with

2911: 1995: 2564:

In 1947 the IRA held its first Army Convention since World War II and a new leadership was elected, primarily consisting of the "three Macs", Tony Magan,

8551: 5880: 5835: 5090: 4723: 3953: 8485: 8080: 7847: 5820: 4117:

The Irish Republic: a documented chronicle of the Anglo-Irish conflict and the partitioning of Ireland, with a detailed account of the period 1916-1923

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or "S-Plan" began a few days later. Under it, IRA operatives based in Britain attacked infrastructure, with a view to weakening the UK's war effort.

732:

was killed and the property of parliamentarians burnt. In addition IRA men around the country burned many of the stately homes of the old Protestant

664:

The anti-Treaty IRA was not equipped or trained to fight conventional warfare. Despite some determined resistance to the Free State advance south of

3262: 74: 8546: 8133: 6305: 4423: 1370:, the acting Chief of Staff, prepared an invasion plan for Northern Ireland and sent it to German Intelligence in 1940; this plan was later called 422: 8174: 6068: 1618: 1003: 3982: 8526: 8475: 5083: 4463: 3104: 653:. Additionally, the British met its requests for arms, ammunition, armoured cars, artillery and aeroplanes. By August 1922, the Free State had 81: 5229: 2530: 2854:

is the legal name of the Irish Defence Force - Section 3, Defence Forces (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923. also Section 16, Defence Act 1954.

1009:

In Northern Ireland, the IRA's main role was to try to defend the Catholic community during outbreaks of sectarian rioting. For this reason

7872: 6742: 6526: 5429: 4802: 1120:

himself being forbidden to attend the convention. Barry and many leading members of the IRA opposed to the campaign subsequently resigned.

976:

on the population, to which the IRA's new social radicalism (see next section) appealed. Another important factor was the formation of the

2796: 7679: 7613: 7498: 5916: 5392: 4565: 1021:

frustrated with the failure of the IRA to achieve either "The Republic" or socialist revolution, left in 1934 to set up a new party, the

578:

IRA's sole contribution in 1919–21 was "the shooting of an unfortunate soldier on the day of the truce". In Kerry's case (which saw more

427:

The signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty by the Irish delegation in London caused an angry reaction among the less compromising elements in

88: 2995: 5810: 2962: 1289:

In January 1939, as the United Kingdom prepared for a possible war with Germany, the IRA Army Council declared war on the UK. The IRA

8531: 8442: 8149: 6896: 6158: 5249: 4550: 3063: 2103: 1401: 280: 7241: 3025: 70: 3874: 3303: 1214:

The IRA began to reconcile with their erstwhile opponent Eoin O'Duffy, who met in the summer of 1939 with several IRA figures and

8556: 6325: 6018: 4555: 3946:"Irish Left Review - The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and the Workers Party by Brian Hanley & Scott Millar" 3705: 1648: 1059:

The IRA was banned once again in 1935, as were the Blueshirts. Moss Twomey was imprisoned and was succeeded as chief of staff by

287: 3226: 2877: 1180:, and Gearóid Ó Broin, a member of the IRA Army Council, became members of Ailtirí na hAiséirghe, and the IRA Adjutant-General, 5239: 4535: 4395: 1045: 796:

The period immediately following the Irish Civil War saw the IRA swing towards the political left, manifest in the election of

2676:. In parallel, the position of Chief of Staff became dominated by three left-wing members: Sean Cronin, Ruairí Ó Brádaigh and 1339:

did not deny their mission in England and IRA membership but maintains that they were not involved with the Coventry bombing.

8374: 7573: 7563: 6360: 6335: 5815: 5106: 4437: 4400: 3625: 2694: 2353: 2108: 1335:), resulting in the deaths of several uninvolved English civilians, were executed on 7 February 1940. Republican publication 524: 342: 5542: 8437: 7424: 7231: 6501: 6123: 5956: 5487: 4003: 3844: 3814: 2584:

Under the new IRA leadership, Sinn Féin began to advocate a corporatist social policy inspired by the Papal Encyclicals of

2250: 2182: 2000: 601:

maintained its links with Michael Collins; the only Northern IRA leader to join the anti-Treaty side was Belfast commander

6991: 8561: 8463: 6609: 6471: 6462: 6404: 6063: 6008: 5961: 1736: 1673: 825: 310: 4930: 4667: 613:

or worse at the hands of the Northern authorities. Over 500 of them ended up in the National Army during the civil war.

7975: 6956: 6941: 6921: 5637: 5442: 5155: 4935: 4830: 4328: 4309: 4170: 4151: 3778: 3715: 3440: 2738: 2713: 2604:, the Dublin-based Trade Unionist, described the leadership of the IRA as "petty-bourgeois and fringed with fascists". 1328: 582:(RIC) men killed than anywhere else outside Dublin and Tipperary), this was far from true; however, some areas such as 8452: 3498: 8422: 7809: 7742: 7206: 7181: 6891: 6781: 6253: 6093: 5840: 5756: 5632: 5557: 5145: 5059: 4273: 4189: 4105: 3930: 3907: 3801: 3748: 3683: 3651: 3571: 3537: 3160: 3135: 3073: 2945: 2698: 2523: 2431: 2144: 1887: 1049: 319: 121: 95: 1417:, nineteen, was hanged, becoming the first and only Irish Republican to be judicially executed in the North. 1236:

that openly questioned if the IRA had become a pro-fascist group. Similarly, in September 1939 upon the outbreak of

1232:, which had been close to the IRA in the 1930s, published an article in its official newspaper for Northern Ireland 8480: 8447: 8200: 8158: 7819: 7460: 7216: 7201: 7191: 7166: 7036: 6791: 6679: 6395: 5875: 5522: 5197: 5022: 4651: 4603: 4413: 2469: 2461: 2041: 2026: 1952: 1849: 1520: 1367: 1296:

Following the German invasion of Poland, the Irish government declared its neutrality on 2 September, along with a

1064: 841: 700:

is no doubt due to the Free State troops' relative paucity of training and equipment compared with British forces.

498:—took sides, often the remainder of his command joined him. The same was also true for anti-Treaty leaders such as 399:, as did the organisation in Northern Ireland, which originally supported the pro-Treaty side (if not the Treaty). 3768: 1331:, who had been arrested in England shortly following an IRA bomb that exploded in Coventry on 25 August 1939 (see 816:, in the hopes of gaining Soviet finance and weaponry. A secret pact was agreed, whereby the IRA would spy on the 7970: 7935: 7311: 7056: 6981: 6886: 6876: 6826: 6708: 6624: 6614: 6133: 5946: 5688: 5683: 5572: 4683: 4433: 4372: 2706: 2348: 2338: 2210: 2154: 1985: 1414: 1324: 17: 5005: 2903: 1927: 749:, their chief-of-staff, to "dump arms". Éamon de Valera supported this in his speech "Legion of the Rearguard": 8432: 8427: 8269: 8195: 8090: 8000: 7751: 7306: 7301: 7281: 7106: 6931: 6871: 6756: 6546: 6476: 6365: 6355: 6208: 6088: 5895: 5885: 5747: 5437: 5184: 5064: 4707: 4254: 4235: 4208: 4124: 4086: 4054: 4034: 2569: 2205: 2139: 2063: 1957: 1389: 440: 323: 59: 2600:, but rejected fascism as they considered a fascist state to be too secular and centralized. Writing in 1955, 2549: 873:, who had not followed de Valera into constitutional politics, and the rump of the anti-Treaty members of the 8128: 8070: 7920: 7684: 7286: 7061: 7001: 6599: 6496: 6444: 6203: 5951: 4915: 4860: 4573: 3410: 1706: 1303:

On 23 December 1939, IRA members stole almost the entire reserve ammunition store of the Irish Army from the

1198:

driving the Jews out of Europe, and accusations towards the Irish government of being dominated by "Jews and

902: 836:

in return for £500 a month. The pact was originally approved by Frank Aiken, who left soon after to co-found

533: 432: 1185: 1068:

described the assassination as "a well and coolly thought-out outrage, well-planned and daringly executed".

8317: 8060: 7831: 6747: 6521: 6345: 6098: 5663: 5607: 5547: 4920: 4627: 2516: 2451: 2441: 2343: 2260: 2124: 1854: 999: 8417: 2709:

had noticed the tensions in March 1969 and advised the Dublin government to use them to fragment the IRA.

2164: 1002:

to the British monarchy and introducing an elected president as head of state. The document also included

8105: 7852: 7755: 7593: 7578: 7429: 7021: 6728: 6654: 6584: 6551: 6148: 6023: 5362: 4984: 4453: 2642: 2618:

Beginning in the 1950s the IRA started planning for a renewed armed campaign, and in 1956 recent recruit

2255: 2088: 1942: 1761: 1638: 1540: 1128: 946: 590:

did see considerably more action in the Civil War than in the War of Independence. Other IRA men such as

2664:

In the 1960s the IRA once more came under the influence of left-wing thinkers, especially those such as

435:

ratified the Treaty by 64 votes to 57 after a lengthy and acrimonious debate, following which President

8470: 8412: 8307: 8231: 8095: 7653: 7465: 6579: 6439: 6409: 6282: 6163: 6153: 2333: 2313: 2177: 2149: 2129: 2098: 1970: 1623: 1229: 1165: 890: 654: 6713: 1937: 1016:

This burst of what has sometimes been termed "social republicanism" expired in the mid-1930s. In 1931

388:) split between supporters and opponents of the Treaty. The anti-Treatyites, sometimes referred to by 8500: 8490: 8367: 8205: 7661: 7648: 7598: 6718: 6536: 6511: 6315: 6262: 6178: 6173: 5993: 5472: 5174: 4820: 3979: 2730: 2386: 2051: 2046: 1628: 1405: 1101: 571: 482:

felt that the IRA could not continue to fight the British successfully, anti-Treaty officers such as

369: 7226: 7031: 7016: 4900: 4865: 4769: 4448: 3096: 2646: 1771: 1741: 1111:

Seán Russell left Ireland for the United States without permission from the IRA leadership, meeting

8164: 7910: 7699: 7694: 7568: 6796: 6669: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6424: 6370: 6350: 6320: 6113: 6078: 6003: 5865: 5799: 2323: 1965: 1947: 1663: 1608: 1363: 1153: 579: 410: 401: 7236: 6831: 5497: 2411: 1776: 8085: 7980: 7633: 7588: 7558: 7533: 7508: 6703: 6674: 6619: 6594: 6589: 6419: 6414: 6267: 6228: 6198: 6193: 6138: 6128: 6073: 6058: 6028: 5709: 5377: 5234: 4880: 4468: 2589: 2573: 2235: 2225: 2159: 1980: 1806: 1593: 1588: 1578: 1545: 1297: 1290: 1265: 1261: 1253: 1181: 1093: 1037: 460: 443:, supported the Treaty, but opinion among IRA volunteers was divided. By and large, IRA units in 406: 389: 365: 48: 1859: 965:

When de Valera's Fianna Fáil party won the 1932 election, the IRA expected the Free State party

844:

and Moss Twomey, who kept up the secret IRA-Soviet espionage relationship until around 1930–31.

7862: 7720: 7674: 7543: 7348: 6723: 6693: 6481: 6429: 6340: 6300: 6238: 6103: 6033: 5936: 5577: 4989: 2935: 2597: 2446: 2328: 2303: 1033: 1028:

In 1936–37, a number of ex-IRA men were among the Irish fighters (later to become known as the

878: 591: 7251: 3405: 1194:

sentiments also began to be expressed, including satisfaction at the 'cleansing fires' of the

1063:. De Valera's government increasingly followed a strict anti-IRA policy. In 1936 Vice-Admiral 7990: 7735: 6664: 6604: 6434: 6277: 6218: 6188: 6108: 6053: 5900: 5647: 5120: 3198: 2705:

view that internal strife among the working classes served only the interest of capital. The

2626: 2613: 2421: 2406: 2270: 1668: 1375: 1332: 724:

and Senators who had voted for the legislation would be targeted. A number of members of the

5013: 3213:

Architects of the Resurrection: Ailtirí na hAiséirghe and the fascist 'New Order' in Ireland

2958: 1917: 1378:

opposed the IRA's collaboration with Nazi Germany, having adopted a position of neutrality.

1222: 8154: 7995: 7965: 7789: 7643: 6996: 6659: 6629: 6506: 6491: 6486: 6233: 6213: 6183: 6143: 6118: 6043: 6013: 5966: 5931: 5926: 5790: 5382: 5367: 5287: 5282: 5189: 5028: 5018: 4530: 4509: 4504: 4405: 3740: 3675: 3669: 3529: 2673: 2275: 2265: 2220: 1756: 1550: 1525: 499: 8179: 7151: 5562: 5033: 2298: 641:

raged for another five days, with anti-Treaty elements of the IRA's Dublin Brigade, under

8: 8279: 7444: 7391: 7386: 7261: 6698: 6634: 6531: 6390: 5941: 5617: 5467: 5262: 5049: 4925: 4855: 4365: 2776: 2653: 2416: 2358: 1975: 1922: 1781: 1485: 1438: 1344: 1274: 1203: 1022: 1010: 966: 910: 802: 487: 256: 7955: 7111: 3866: 3794:

Irish republicanism and socialism: the politics of the republican movement, 1905 to 1994

2652:

However, internment without trial, introduced first in Northern Ireland and then in the

2622:, who had considerable military experience, drew up a plan codenamed Operation Harvest. 1897: 8350: 8322: 8262: 8025: 7950: 7940: 7895: 7011: 6946: 6385: 6310: 6272: 6223: 6168: 6038: 5890: 5870: 5740: 5693: 5332: 5307: 5257: 5203: 5130: 4890: 4419: 3376: 2665: 2634: 2544: 2318: 2093: 1902: 1583: 1374:, but it was discovered by the Irish authorities within one month of its creation. The 1228:

The IRA's ideological shift was noted by other organisations at the time. In 1940, the

918: 373: 346: 6916: 2576:

named vice-president, signalling the IRA's complete control of the party's apparatus.

1721: 436: 8247: 8010: 7381: 7246: 7146: 7121: 7091: 6688: 6380: 6248: 6083: 5592: 5447: 5342: 5317: 5292: 4840: 4324: 4305: 4288: 4269: 4250: 4231: 4214: 4204: 4185: 4166: 4147: 4130: 4120: 4101: 4082: 4050: 4030: 3926: 3903: 3797: 3774: 3744: 3711: 3679: 3647: 3621: 3567: 3533: 3401: 3156: 3131: 3069: 2941: 2734: 2726: 1766: 1751: 1535: 1393: 1315:" in IRA folklore. The RUC found two and a half tons of the stolen ammunition inside 1041: 808:

In summer of 1925, the anti-treaty IRA had sent a delegation led by Pa Murray to the

785: 483: 149: 8345: 7419: 5725: 5673: 5512: 5075: 4966: 4945: 4350: 3999: 2036: 1173: 594:

formed a group called the "neutral IRA", which tried to reconcile the two factions.

8495: 8355: 7925: 7825: 7799: 7728: 7709: 7618: 7176: 7171: 7101: 7096: 6761: 6375: 5921: 5372: 5327: 5213: 5193: 5125: 4635: 4525: 4499: 4443: 4409: 2717: 2456: 2134: 2021: 1786: 1515: 1355: 1112: 1105: 1053: 973: 848: 638: 598: 553: 385: 381: 243: 171: 5552: 4619: 4345: 4075: 4029:

Bell, J. Bower, The Secret Army. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. 1997.

3733: 3522: 3177: 1907: 1746: 1060: 625:(3,000 of which were confiscated after the Civil War) and other civilian weapons. 8386: 8226: 8075: 7945: 7880: 7603: 7583: 7376: 7361: 7186: 7156: 7141: 7086: 7026: 6786: 6569: 6330: 6243: 5845: 5780: 5416: 5408: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5322: 5312: 5302: 5267: 5208: 4825: 4789: 4761: 4429: 3986: 3897: 2999: 2685: 2677: 2492: 2436: 2426: 2401: 2308: 2083: 1731: 1716: 1633: 1029: 994: 989:

repercussions. On his victory tour, de Valera snubbed a Garda guard of honour in

958: 893:

members were also members of the IRA at this time. Political initiatives such as

858:, and many Sinn Féin members left to support him. De Valera would in 1932 become 762: 676: 618: 606: 537: 518: 495: 479: 475: 350: 266: 7885: 7336: 4643: 3836: 1796: 1469: 1359: 1085: 721: 451:

were opposed to the Treaty, while those in favour predominated in the Midlands,

8378: 8360: 8100: 8020: 7960: 7930: 7915: 7905: 7689: 7669: 7608: 7548: 7414: 7256: 7131: 7116: 7071: 6966: 6961: 6926: 6866: 6856: 6836: 6811: 6766: 6048: 5855: 5830: 5668: 5587: 5337: 5297: 5277: 5169: 5150: 4961: 4699: 4540: 4358: 4043: 3490: 2504: 2031: 1791: 1711: 1560: 1434: 1312: 1241: 1140: 922: 898: 870: 821: 587: 558: 471: 393: 392:

as "Irregulars", continued to use the name "Irish Republican Army" (IRA) or in

377: 231: 214: 200: 7296: 5567: 5527: 5507: 5163: 4753: 4675: 2619: 1844: 1839: 1135: 874: 855: 837: 8520: 8338: 8312: 8255: 8236: 8115: 8065: 8015: 8005: 7985: 7794: 7628: 7538: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7493: 7483: 7366: 7356: 7326: 7266: 7221: 7076: 7046: 6976: 6971: 6851: 6816: 6806: 6771: 6574: 5850: 5733: 5582: 5517: 5400: 5272: 5179: 5135: 4895: 4875: 4870: 4850: 4810: 4473: 4458: 3555: 3462: 2823:"Michael Collins and anti-Treaty side did deal to encourage trouble in North" 2638: 2601: 2565: 2396: 2391: 2381: 2187: 1696: 1613: 1598: 1555: 1510: 1422: 1409: 1397: 1371: 1320: 1316: 1304: 1215: 917:

to intern 110 IRA men the next day. IRA men assassinated Free State minister

829: 817: 813: 642: 361: 5612: 5537: 5159: 4885: 4218: 4182:

Communism in Modern Ireland: The Pursuit of the Workers' Republic since 1916

3432: 3291:

The Devil's Deal: The IRA, Nazi Germany and the Double Life of Jim O'Donovan

2630: 1168:, which sent books, journals and posters to IRA internees imprisoned in the 1104:(RUC). Afterwards, Tom Barry resigned as Chief of Staff, being succeeded by 784:

was Chief of Staff, 1926–36. IRA-Soviet relations began a year earlier with

729: 349:. It existed in various forms until 1969, when the IRA split again into the 8405: 8327: 8110: 8055: 8050: 8040: 8035: 7890: 7857: 7804: 7779: 7623: 7528: 7439: 7371: 7321: 7316: 7271: 7211: 7051: 6936: 6911: 6906: 6861: 6841: 6541: 5998: 5860: 5795: 5785: 5678: 5482: 5477: 5452: 4979: 4815: 4691: 4659: 4581: 4483: 4292: 4163:

British Spies and Irish Rebels: British Intelligence and Ireland, 1916-1945

3467: 2749: 2745: 2669: 2585: 2376: 2293: 1932: 1892: 1726: 1653: 1603: 1450: 1336: 1308: 1237: 1191: 1169: 1161: 1097: 1080:

Under Sean Russell's leadership, the IRA once again sought war with Britain

930: 809: 680: 658: 650: 602: 583: 575: 354: 294: 7774: 5775: 5140: 4997: 4971: 2722: 1990: 1869: 1017: 954: 894: 668:

by late August, most of them had dispersed to fight a guerrilla campaign.

645:, occupying O'Connell Street until they were dislodged by artillery fire. 428: 8045: 7291: 7161: 7136: 7126: 7066: 6986: 6951: 6901: 6881: 6821: 5805: 5642: 5602: 5597: 5502: 5492: 4940: 4845: 4835: 4611: 4595: 4478: 4134: 3923:

The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and the Workers' Party

1816: 1801: 1701: 1691: 1658: 1199: 1157: 797: 781: 746: 733: 712: 693: 689: 683:

was a relatively effective campaign fought, with the IRA units re-taking

672: 657:

and territory held by republicans. The Free State's best troops were the

634: 491: 3380: 3364: 3231: 2487: 1530: 913:

barracks, shooting dead two Gardaí. The Free State immediately used its

536:

was the first Chief of Staff of the Anti-Treaty IRA. He died during the

8030: 7900: 7814: 7704: 7503: 7396: 7276: 7081: 7041: 7006: 6846: 6801: 6516: 5627: 5622: 5462: 5457: 5054: 4910: 4905: 4731: 4266:

The Politics of Illusion: Socialism and Republicanism in Modern Ireland

2172: 1811: 1458: 990: 977: 738: 725: 708: 610: 567: 563: 155: 1495: 703: 609:. Many Northern IRA men then had to flee the North in order to escape 7331: 7196: 6776: 5532: 3045: 2959:"Newshound: Links to daily newspaper articles about Northern Ireland" 1426: 1195: 950: 544: 1358:, the IRA hoped for support from Germany to strike against Britain. 1270: 707:

Memorial to anti-Treaty insurgents executed by Free State forces at

37: 2725:, once the political wing of the IRA, is the largest party in both 2593: 2556:

would have to marry their military tactics with political tactics.

941: 665: 622: 452: 448: 3980:

http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/tables/Organisation_Responsible.html

3433:"Remembering the Past: Executed IRA men reinterred | An Phoblacht" 1834: 505:

In March 1922, the Anti-Treaty IRA captured the Royal Navy vessel

384:. The IRA units in the other 26 counties (that were to become the 8283: 7553: 2702: 2215: 1864: 1221:

In 1940, prominent members and supporters of the IRA established

981: 926: 684: 552:

On the outbreak of civil war in June 1922, the government of the

444: 210: 8537:

Proscribed paramilitary organisations in the Republic of Ireland

7750: 3770:

Inside the IRA: Dissident Republicans and the War for Legitimacy

3286: 3284: 2697:—was to be one of the factors in the 1969 split that led to the 1319:

on 2 January 1940. The next day the Irish Minister for Justice,

1300:

for the duration of hostilities between the Allies and Germany.

1184:, expressed his approval of the party in a letter to its leader 897:, begun in 1931, were promoted by left-wing IRA members such as 470:, claiming that its members had broken their oath to defend the 467: 7434: 4545: 3867:"What is the Irish Republican Army and What do They Stand For?" 3026:"The 1926 IRA campaign against Moneylenders. – The Irish Story" 2592:, advocating its replacement with a form of government akin to 2245: 1643: 1454: 1382: 1282: 1278: 1257: 1207: 1076: 909:

have to fight the British again. In November 1926 it seized 11

833: 630: 529: 456: 273: 777: 4228:

Defending Ireland: The Irish State and Its Enemies Since 1922

3281: 2659: 2230: 509:

off the coast of Cobh, County Cork, which was carrying arms.

3463:"Remembering the Past: Re-interment of Barnes and McCormack" 1404:, in April 1942 a diversionary action, intended to draw the 789: 3365:"Betty Sinclair: A Woman's Fight for Socialism, 1910-1981" 3257: 3255: 3253: 3227:"A short history of Russian involvement in Irish politics" 1425:

was based exclusively on the aerial reconnaissance of the

1240:, socialist republican and former IRA Army council member 459:. The pro-Treaty volunteers formed the nucleus of the new 8542:

Proscribed paramilitary organisations in Northern Ireland

3618:

Belfast Battalion: A History of the Belfast IRA 1922-1969

2588:, with the aim of creating a Catholic state, and opposed 3815:"Matt Merrigan: a fighter for the Third Camp in Ireland" 3620:. Ballygarran, Wexford: Letter Press. pp. 143–147. 2797:"Sectarian violence and murder spreads across the North" 2579: 1071: 548:

Mick Mansfield, Staff Engineer, Waterford Brigade, 1922.

341:) of 1922–1969 was a sub-group of the original pre-1922 3250: 3155:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. pp. 16–18. 8277: 4201:

The Troubles: the struggle for Irish freedom 1912-1922

3940: 3938: 5755: 5105: 4380: 3263:"'Oh here's to Adolph Hitler'? The IRA and the Nazis" 2878:"Journeys to a Free State: The capture of the Upnor" 416: 8476:Óglaigh na hÉireann (Continuity IRA splinter group) 3935: 3153:

The IRA Bombing Campaign Against Britain, 1939-1940

1052:to go to Spain to fight on the opposing side, with 862:, at the head of the first Fianna Fáil government. 62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 7848:Timeline of Official Irish Republican Army actions 4074: 4042: 3732: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3674:. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. pp. 3521: 3400: 409:, and it remains the official legal title of the 8518: 423:Irish Republican Army and the Anglo-Irish Treaty 4247:Emergency Law in Independent Ireland, 1922–1948 3692: 2559: 696:, County Wexford and several other localities. 617:however, most of them did not take part in the 405:was also adopted as the name of the pro-Treaty 3760: 3519: 8486:Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group) 8263: 7736: 5741: 5091: 4366: 3707:A Short History of the IRA: From 1916 Onwards 2524: 1913:Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist) 761:year, with Éamon de Valera the last to leave 4225: 4198: 936: 562:combatants. Some of the officers of the new 360:The original Irish Republican Army fought a 6159:Carlton Tower & Portman Hotel shootings 3703: 2867:(Edinburgh, Thomas Nelson and Sons), p. 176 8552:1969 disestablishments in Northern Ireland 8270: 8256: 7743: 7729: 6527:Paddington & Victoria station bombings 5748: 5734: 5098: 5084: 4373: 4359: 4244: 3899:Official Irish Republicanism, 1962 to 1972 3615: 3097:"Irish Politics and the Spanish Civil War" 2660:1960s: Marxist tendency and the 1969 split 2531: 2517: 1143:, which they would almost immediately do. 840:with De Valera, before being succeeded by 8150:Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association 4263: 4095: 3362: 3224: 345:, characterised by its opposition to the 122:Learn how and when to remove this message 27:Anti-Treaty sub-group of the original IRA 4321:The Communist Party of Ireland 1921-2011 4302:The IRA 1956-69: Rethinking the Republic 4179: 4114: 4098:Green Against Green: The Irish Civil War 3200:The IRA 1956–69: Rethinking the Republic 2904:"The Irish Civil War – A brief overview" 1468: 1269: 1075: 940: 776: 702: 557:ambush in August 1922. Collins wrote to 543: 528: 8547:1922 establishments in Northern Ireland 4282: 4160: 4063: 3766: 3599: 3150: 2996:"The secret IRA–Soviet agreement, 1925" 1004:a territorial claim to Northern Ireland 14: 8519: 8443:Irish People's Liberation Organisation 6326:Hyde Park & Regent's Park bombings 4318: 4299: 4072: 4066:Liam Mellowes and the Irish Revolution 4040: 3641: 3583: 3061: 2104:Irish People's Liberation Organisation 71:"Irish Republican Army" 1922–1969 8251: 7724: 5816:Chronology of Provisional IRA actions 5729: 5230:Brigades of the Irish Republican Army 5079: 4354: 4346:FBI file on the Irish Republican Army 4141: 3877:from the original on 26 November 2016 3646:. London: Random House. p. 334. 3443:from the original on 15 February 2017 3062:Coogan, Tim Pat (23 September 2008). 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2914:from the original on 29 November 2016 2695:Northern Ireland riots of August 1969 2580:Ideology of the post-World War II IRA 2543:In 1946 a new political party called 2354:Phoenix National and Literary Society 1464: 1281:in 1939–40. He collaborated with the 1072:Seán Russell's rise to Chief of Staff 949:Cumann na nGaedheal attempted to use 525:Executions during the Irish Civil War 8438:South Armagh Republican Action Force 7425:South Armagh Republican Action Force 6502:Honourable Artillery Company bombing 3916: 3895: 3847:from the original on 2 December 2016 3730: 3704:O'Brien, Brendan (21 January 2019). 3667: 3501:from the original on 6 December 2016 3491:"The IRA supported the Nazis in WW2" 3314:from the original on 12 January 2019 3151:McKenna, Joseph (16 February 2016). 3125: 2748:mounted their own armed campaign in 2251:National Graves Association, Belfast 2183:South Armagh Republican Action Force 1444: 1146: 1040:against the Nationalists during the 847:While Twomey was not an ideological 60:adding citations to reliable sources 31: 6610:Forensic Science Laboratory bombing 3837:"Brookeborough Raid " Border Tours" 3562:, pages 262–264; also Enno Stephan 1674:Dissident Irish republican campaign 1277:was a key figure in organising the 1032:) who joined the largely socialist 24: 6069:King's Cross & Euston bombings 4936:Patrick McGrath (Irish republican) 3739:. Transaction Publishers. p. 3602:Northern Ireland: the Orange State 3574:(reprint)), pages 226, 245 and 275 3528:. Transaction Publishers. p. 3175: 2977: 2767: 2739:Leader of the Opposition in Dublin 2712:The Provisional IRA embarked on a 2607: 1176:, the editor of the IRA newspaper 1048:leader Eoin O'Duffy organised the 860:President of the Executive Council 25: 8573: 8527:Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) 5841:Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape 5757:Provisional Irish Republican Army 5715:Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army 5107:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) 5060:Provisional Irish Republican Army 4401:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) 4382:Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) 4339: 4006:from the original on 3 March 2016 3925:, Brian Hanley and Scott Millar, 3588:. London: Macmillan. p. 178. 3269:from the original on 17 July 2020 3225:Ó Duibhir, Séan (11 March 2022). 3006:from the original on 2 April 2015 2965:from the original on 3 March 2016 1888:All Ireland Anti-Partition League 1381:Gunther Schuetz, a member of the 1164:and even the fascist ideology of 772: 431:and among a majority of the IRA. 417:Split over the Anglo-Irish Treaty 8532:Irish republican militant groups 8481:Irish Republican Liberation Army 8201:Irish Republican Socialist Party 8159:Communist Party of Great Britain 7461:Continuity Irish Republican Army 6336:Royal Artillery Barracks bombing 5876:Armalite and ballot box strategy 5023:Communist Party of Great Britain 3976:Conflict Archive on the Internet 3644:Ireland in the Twentieth Century 3304:"New evidence on IRA/Nazi links" 3126:Bell, J. Bowyer (12 July 2017). 3107:from the original on 11 May 2013 2833:from the original on 5 June 2016 2803:from the original on 3 June 2016 2716:against the British presence in 2498: 2486: 2042:Irish Republican Liberation Army 1953:Irish Socialist Republican Party 1850:Irish Republican Socialist Party 1521:Armalite and ballot box strategy 1494: 633:in April 1922, most notably the 250: 237: 225: 194: 184:March 1922 – December 1969 148: 36: 6124:British Airways bombing attempt 5689:National Association of Old IRA 5684:Irish Self-Determination League 4304:. Manchester University Press. 4049:. Roberts Rinehart Publishers. 3992: 3968: 3889: 3859: 3829: 3807: 3787: 3724: 3661: 3635: 3609: 3593: 3577: 3549: 3513: 3483: 3455: 3425: 3394: 3356: 3347: 3338: 3326: 3296: 3218: 3206: 3192: 3169: 3144: 3119: 3089: 3055: 3039: 3018: 2939:Quotations from Eamon de Valera 2339:League of Communist Republicans 2211:Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland 2155:Republican Action Against Drugs 1986:Republican Socialist Collective 1247: 494:, who sided with the Treaty in 47:needs additional citations for 8557:Anti-imperialist organizations 8433:Irish National Liberation Army 8196:Irish National Liberation Army 6547:Musgrave Park Hospital bombing 5896:Northern Ireland peace process 5185:Government of Ireland Act 1920 5065:Official Irish Republican Army 4536:Anti-Treaty Guerrilla Campaign 4000:"CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths" 3773:. Edinburgh University Press. 3755:Willie McGuinness IRA -martin. 3333:Eoin O'Duffy: A Self-Made Hero 2951: 2948:page 36; Aiken's order page 92 2926: 2896: 2870: 2857: 2845: 2815: 2789: 2206:32 County Sovereignty Movement 2064:Irish National Liberation Army 826:Red Army military intelligence 13: 1: 6497:London Stock Exchange bombing 4464:Collaboration with the Abwehr 3604:. London: Pluto. p. 166. 3411:Dictionary of Irish Biography 3182:Dictionary of Irish Biography 2755: 745:received an order, issued by 159: 8318:Irish Republican Brotherhood 8211:Official Republican Movement 7832:Official IRA Belfast Brigade 7810:Officials-Provisionals split 6522:Downing Street mortar attack 6346:Ballygawley land mine attack 6094:Houses of Parliament bombing 5836:Improvised tactical vehicles 5664:Irish Republican Brotherhood 5006:Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann 4484:Officials-Provisionals split 4245:Ó Longaigh, Seosamh (2006). 3335:, Fearghal McGarry, page 338 3293:, David O'Donoghue, page 184 2560:Rapprochement with Sinn Féin 2344:Northern Resistance Movement 2261:Revolutionary Housing League 2125:Irish Republican Brotherhood 1928:Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann 1855:Republican Network for Unity 1311:. This became known as the " 812:for a personal meeting with 711:, County Kerry, designed by 655:re-taken all the major towns 512: 7: 8453:Irish Revolutionary Brigade 7853:1969 Northern Ireland riots 7579:William "Frenchie" Marchant 7430:Direct Action Against Drugs 7022:Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde 6729:1997 Northern Ireland riots 6552:Crumlin Road Prison bombing 6366:RUC Birches barracks attack 6209:Walton's Restaurant bombing 6149:Telephone exchange bombings 6009:Scottish soldiers' killings 5146:Declaration of Independence 4985:National Graves Association 4454:Irish republican legitimism 4230:. Oxford University Press. 4096:Hopkinson, Michael (2004). 4064:Greaves, C Desmond (1989). 3871:About.com News & Issues 3406:"Gilmore, George Frederick" 2707:Irish Department of Justice 2550:Government of the 13th Dáil 2256:National Graves Association 1943:Irish Anti-Partition League 1541:Irish republican legitimism 1129:Irish republican legitimism 961:, and the IRA to Communism. 574:. O'Duffy claimed that the 380:as the new jurisdiction of 372:between 1919 and 1921. The 154:An Anti-Treaty IRA unit in 10: 8578: 8562:Anti-imperialism in Europe 8413:Irish Revolutionary Forces 8308:Society of United Irishmen 7466:Real Irish Republican Army 6709:Hammersmith Bridge bombing 6410:Glamorgan barracks bombing 6204:Scott's Oyster Bar bombing 6154:1974 Oxford Street bombing 6134:London pillar box bombings 4115:Macardle, Dorothy (1968). 3050:Kilrush Shooting Wednesday 2714:thirty-year armed campaign 2611: 2334:Irish Socialist Federation 2314:Emmet Monument Association 2178:Society of United Irishmen 2130:Irish Revolutionary Forces 2099:Irish National Invincibles 2001:Socialist Republican Party 1971:Northern Council for Unity 1624:Irish revolutionary period 1251: 1230:Communist Party of Ireland 1126: 891:Communist Party of Ireland 522: 516: 420: 8501:Irish Republican Movement 8368:Irish War of Independence 8290: 8219: 8188: 8142: 7871: 7840: 7762: 7474: 7453: 7407: 7345: 6741: 6719:Thiepval barracks bombing 6615:Stoke Newington Road bomb 6560: 6537:Glenanne barracks bombing 6512:RFA Fort Victoria bombing 6477:Downpatrick roadside bomb 6453: 6361:Enniskillen mortar attack 6291: 6263:La Mon restaurant bombing 6019:Balmoral showroom bombing 5984: 5975: 5909: 5763: 5702: 5656: 5428: 5391: 5248: 5222: 5175:Irish War of Independence 5113: 5042: 4954: 4801: 4564: 4518: 4492: 4388: 4264:Patterson, Henry (1989). 4142:Mahon, Thomas G. (2008). 3600:Farrell, Michael (1976). 3363:Morrissey, Hazel (1983). 2731:Northern Ireland Assembly 2387:Guerrilla Days in Ireland 2071:(Real IRA splinter group) 2047:Irish Republican Movement 1629:Irish War of Independence 1102:Royal Ulster Constabulary 937:Fianna Fáil in government 370:Irish War of Independence 303: 262: 220: 206: 189: 177: 167: 147: 136: 8165:Peace Train Organisation 6670:1993 Fivemiletown ambush 6625:Night of the Long Knives 6405:1988 Netherlands attacks 6321:Chelsea Barracks bombing 6079:1973 Westminster bombing 6004:1970 Crossmaglen bombing 5866:1981 Irish hunger strike 5443:J. J. "Ginger" O'Connell 4226:O'Halpin, Eunan (1999). 4199:O'Connor, Ulick (1989). 4100:. Gill & MacMillan. 4041:Coogan, Tim Pat (1993). 3989:visualised 3 March 2006. 3902:. Lulu.com. p. 81. 3767:Sanders, Andrew (2011). 3735:The Secret Army: The IRA 3731:Bell, J. Bowyer (1997). 3671:The Secret Army: The IRA 3668:Bell, J. Bowyer (1997). 3642:Coogan, Tim Pat (2003). 3584:Coogan, Tim Pat (2002). 3524:The Secret Army: The IRA 3130:. Taylor & Francis. 3128:The Secret Army: The IRA 2324:Friends of Irish Freedom 1966:National Corporate Party 1948:Irish Independence Party 1664:1981 Irish hunger strike 1609:Fenian dynamite campaign 1154:Catholic social teaching 1092:barracks, and importing 824:and pass information to 580:Royal Irish Constabulary 7534:Christopher Ewart-Biggs 6714:Osnabrück mortar attack 6704:1996 Manchester bombing 6620:1992 Manchester bombing 6590:Baltic Exchange bombing 6420:Ballygawley bus bombing 6415:Inglis Barracks bombing 6229:West Ham station attack 6199:Trattoria Fiore bombing 6129:Birmingham pub bombings 6099:Tower of London bombing 6029:Donegall Street bombing 5235:Irish Republican Police 4975:(1922–26 & 1938–69) 4180:Millotte, Mike (1984). 4068:. Lawrence and Wishart. 3520:J. Bowyer Bell (1997). 3215:, R.M Douglas, page 168 3203:, Matt Treacey, page 35 3101:www.ulsternation.org.uk 2933:Legion of the Rearguard 2863:Frank O'Connor (1937). 2590:parliamentary democracy 2236:Irish National Congress 2226:Connolly Youth Movement 2160:Republican Defence Army 1981:Republican Labour Party 1938:Independent Fianna Fáil 1594:Young Ireland rebellion 1589:Irish rebellion of 1803 1579:Irish Rebellion of 1798 1266:The Emergency (Ireland) 1262:Northern Campaign (IRA) 1254:IRA Abwehr World War II 1038:Second Spanish Republic 901:, Peadar O'Donnell and 752:In de Valera's words, " 366:British rule in Ireland 7484:Jeffery Stanford Agate 7017:Breandán Mac Cionnaith 6655:Finchley Road bombings 6482:Operation Conservation 6430:Clive Barracks bombing 6341:Brighton hotel bombing 6301:Dunmurry train bombing 6104:Guildford pub bombings 6034:Battle at Springmartin 5994:Battle of St Matthew's 5937:Internal Security Unit 5578:George Oliver Plunkett 4990:Comhairle na Poblachta 4449:Comhairle na dTeachtaí 4424:in relation to the IRA 4287:. Macdonald & Co. 4283:Stephan, Enno (1963). 4161:McMahon, Paul (2008). 4073:Hanley, Brian (2002). 2936:Proinsias Mac Aonghusa 2643:Dáil Éireann elections 2329:Irish Republican Voice 2304:Comhairle na Poblachta 2117:Irish Republican Army 2109:Irish Republican Army 1474: 1286: 1081: 1034:International Brigades 962: 879:Comhairle na Poblachta 793: 716: 597:Meanwhile, the IRA in 549: 541: 137:Irish Republican Army 8395:Irish Republican Army 8375:Irish Republican Army 8302:Earlier organisations 6665:Shankill Road bombing 6640:Cullaville occupation 6580:London Bridge bombing 6435:Deal barracks bombing 6316:1981 Bessbrook attack 6219:Balcombe Street siege 6189:London Hilton bombing 6179:Caterham Arms bombing 6114:Brooks's Club bombing 6109:Harrow School bombing 6054:Newry customs bombing 5901:Good Friday Agreement 5648:W.J. Brennan-Whitmore 5383:Belfast Bloody Sunday 4319:Treacy, Matt (2012). 4300:Treacy, Matt (2011). 4249:. Four Courts Press. 4146:. Mercier Press Ltd. 4081:. Four Courts Press. 3974:University of Ulster 3710:. The O'Brien Press. 3616:O'Neil, John (2003). 2614:Border Campaign (IRA) 2422:The Hibernia Magazine 2407:Saoirse Irish Freedom 2288:Defunct Organisations 1958:Irish Workers' Group 1669:Good Friday Agreement 1639:1932 general election 1619:1918 general election 1472: 1333:1939 Coventry bombing 1273: 1186:Gearóid Ó Cuinneagáin 1166:Ailtirí na hAiséirghe 1079: 944: 780: 706: 547: 532: 343:Irish Republican Army 335:Irish Republican Army 311:Irish Republican Army 281:IRA Northern Campaign 274:IRA Sabotage Campaign 8155:Connolly Association 7217:Thomas "Slab" Murphy 6997:Patrick Joseph Kelly 6660:Battle of Newry Road 6630:1993 Harrods bombing 6507:Lichfield gun attack 6492:Carlton Club bombing 6487:1990 Wembley bombing 6214:Drummuckavall ambush 6184:Tullyvallen massacre 6119:Woolwich pub bombing 5967:Balcombe Street Gang 5957:South Armagh Brigade 5932:IRA Southern Command 5927:IRA Northern Command 5378:Coolacrease killings 5368:Carrowkennedy ambush 5363:Custom House burning 5288:Dublin Bloody Sunday 5283:Battle of Ballinalee 5190:Partition of Ireland 5029:Wolfe Tone Societies 5019:Connolly Association 4531:Battle of Kilmallock 4510:IRA Southern Command 4505:IRA Northern Command 3495:www.markhumphrys.com 3310:. 26 February 2013. 3265:. 13 February 2013. 2775:was first coined by 2674:Connolly Association 2570:Tomás Óg Mac Curtain 2266:Wolfe Tone Societies 2221:Connolly Association 2200:Active Organisations 2069:Óglaigh na hÉireann 1860:Republican Sinn Féin 1757:Constance Markievicz 1526:Dissident republican 925:and Thomas Ryan, in 411:Irish Defence Forces 158:, County Waterford, 56:improve this article 7445:Troops Out Movement 7392:Freddie Scappaticci 6699:Aldwych bus bombing 6650:Bishopsgate bombing 6635:Warrington bombings 6595:Sussex Arms bombing 6585:Staples Cnr bombing 6532:Mullacreevie ambush 6472:South Armagh sniper 6425:Jonesborough ambush 6371:Rheindahlen bombing 6351:Newry mortar attack 6306:Lough Foyle attacks 6164:Mountainview attack 6139:Talbot Arms bombing 6064:Honey Trap killings 5962:East Tyrone Brigade 5942:Active service unit 5806:Haughey arms crisis 5263:Rescue at Knocklong 5050:Republican Congress 4479:Haughey arms crisis 3985:9 July 2017 at the 3896:Swan, Sean (2008). 3437:www.anphoblacht.com 3353:Douglas, page 79-80 3002:. 8 February 2015. 2852:Óglaigh na hÉireann 2761:Informational notes 2654:Republic of Ireland 2493:Politics portal 2417:The Gaelic American 2359:Troops Out Movement 1976:Republican Congress 1923:Cumann na Poblachta 1487:Irish republicanism 1480:Part of a series on 1345:George Bernard Shaw 1139:declare war on the 1023:Republican Congress 967:Cumann na nGaedheal 953:tactics by linking 887:Anti-Tribute League 803:Cumann na nGaedheal 755:the nation's right. 677:War of Independence 592:Florence O'Donoghue 572:War of Independence 402:Óglaigh na hÉireann 397:Óglaigh na hÉireann 288:IRA Border Campaign 257:Republic of Ireland 207:Active regions 141:Óglaigh na hÉireann 8464:Dissident Campaign 8351:Irish Citizen Army 8323:Fenian Brotherhood 8296: 8220:Prominent killings 8026:Proinsias De Rossa 7941:Kenneth Littlejohn 7896:C. Desmond Greaves 7574:Baroness Brabourne 7012:Proinsias Mac Airt 6947:John Francis Green 6386:Corporals killings 6356:Ballygawley attack 6311:Glasdrumman ambush 6273:Warrenpoint ambush 6268:Crossmaglen ambush 6239:Store bar shooting 6224:Kingsmill massacre 6194:Piccadilly bombing 6169:Bayardo Bar attack 6074:Coleraine bombings 6059:Old Bailey bombing 6039:Battle of Lenadoon 5891:Smithwick Tribunal 5881:Punishment attacks 5871:Maze Prison escape 5498:Gearóid O'Sullivan 5333:Selton Hill ambush 5308:Upton train ambush 5258:Soloheadbeg ambush 5204:Anglo-Irish Treaty 5131:Irish Citizen Army 5014:Córas na Poblachta 4881:Tomás Ó Dubhghaill 4783:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 4420:Anglo-Irish Treaty 4045:The IRA: a history 3841:www.bordertours.ie 2829:. 3 October 2014. 2666:C. Desmond Greaves 2639:Brookeborough Raid 2574:Tomás Ó Dubhghaill 2545:Clann na Poblachta 2505:Ireland portal 2349:People's Democracy 2319:Fenian Brotherhood 2094:Irish Citizen Army 1918:Córas na Poblachta 1903:Clann na Poblachta 1584:Acts of Union 1800 1475: 1465:Clann na Poblachta 1298:state of emergency 1287: 1223:Córas na Poblachta 1182:Tomás Ó Dubhghaill 1082: 1056:'s Nationalists.) 1000:Oath of Allegiance 963: 915:Special Powers Act 794: 728:were attacked, TD 717: 550: 542: 374:Anglo-Irish Treaty 347:Anglo-Irish Treaty 179:Dates of operation 8514: 8513: 8509: 8508: 8245: 8244: 8180:Clann na hÉireann 8091:Patrick Gallagher 7966:Paddy O'Callaghan 7911:Thomas "Ta" Power 7863:Aldershot bombing 7805:Anti-sectarianism 7718: 7717: 7666: 7658: 7400: 7382:Martin McGartland 7227:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 7152:Pádraig McKearney 7147:Martin McGuinness 7122:Brendan McFarlane 7092:Raymond McCartney 7032:Seán Mac Stíofáin 6750: 6737: 6736: 6724:Coalisland attack 6694:Docklands bombing 6689:Drumcree conflict 6440:Mayobridge attack 6381:Operation Flavius 6249:Garryhinch ambush 5723: 5722: 5448:Terence MacSwiney 5343:Crossbarry ambush 5318:Coolavokig ambush 5293:Kilmichael ambush 5073: 5072: 5034:Clann na hÉireann 5010: 5002: 4994: 4976: 4901:Seán Mac Stíofáin 4866:Máirtín Ó Cadhain 4794: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4770:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 4766: 4758: 4750: 4744: 4736: 4728: 4724:Willie McGuinness 4720: 4712: 4704: 4696: 4688: 4680: 4672: 4664: 4656: 4648: 4640: 4632: 4624: 4616: 4608: 4600: 4592: 4586: 4578: 4551:Northern Campaign 4546:Sabotage Campaign 4406:British Partition 4165:. Boydell Press. 3978:(CAIN) database: 3950:Irish Left Review 3627:978-1-9993008-0-7 3402:Diarmaid Ferriter 3184:. 16 March 2022. 2735:Mary Lou McDonald 2647:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 2541: 2540: 2473: 2465: 2452:The Starry Plough 2299:Clann na hÉireann 2168: 2120: 2112: 2072: 1961: 1772:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 1767:Martin McGuinness 1762:Bernadette Devlin 1752:Terence MacSwiney 1742:Seán Mac Stíofáin 1536:Irish nationalism 1445:Post-World War II 1402:northern campaign 1394:Church of Ireland 1291:Sabotage Campaign 1147:Ideological shift 1096:with the help of 1042:Spanish Civil War 1036:to fight for the 947:the 1932 election 786:Felix Dzerzhinsky 639:Confused fighting 390:Free State forces 331: 330: 316:Succeeded by 299: 292: 285: 278: 271: 132: 131: 124: 106: 16:(Redirected from 8569: 8496:Arm na Poblachta 8356:Irish Volunteers 8293: 8292: 8272: 8265: 8258: 8249: 8248: 8124:Michael Donnelly 8081:Francie Donnelly 8071:Catherine Murphy 7991:Seán Ó Cionnaith 7956:Tomás Mac Giolla 7926:Malachy McGurran 7826:The Irish People 7800:Two-stage theory 7790:Marxism–Leninism 7745: 7738: 7731: 7722: 7721: 7710:Michael Willetts 7664: 7656: 7654:Robert McCartney 7619:Lord Mountbatten 7594:Robert McConnell 7394: 7387:Sean O'Callaghan 7262:Diarmuid O'Neill 7252:Siobhán O'Hanlon 7242:Éamonn O'Doherty 7237:Dáithí Ó Conaill 7177:Michael McKevitt 7172:Laurence McKeown 7112:Séamus McElwaine 7102:Raymond McCreesh 7097:Martin McCaughey 6832:Carál Ní Chuilín 6762:Martina Anderson 6746: 6675:Heathrow attacks 6605:Coalisland riots 6376:Loughgall ambush 6283:Dungannon attack 6278:Brussels bombing 6024:Abercorn bombing 6014:Red Lion bombing 5982: 5981: 5922:IRA Army Council 5821:Arms importation 5750: 5743: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5618:Peadar O'Donnell 5473:Erskine Childers 5421: 5413: 5405: 5373:Rathcoole ambush 5328:Clonbanin ambush 5214:Irish Free State 5198:Southern Ireland 5194:Northern Ireland 5126:Irish Volunteers 5100: 5093: 5086: 5077: 5076: 5008: 5000: 4992: 4974: 4931:Éamonn O'Doherty 4926:Peadar O'Donnell 4856:Seamus O'Donovan 4821:Erskine Childers 4792: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4764: 4756: 4748: 4742: 4734: 4726: 4718: 4710: 4702: 4694: 4686: 4678: 4670: 4662: 4654: 4646: 4638: 4636:Mick Fitzpatrick 4630: 4622: 4614: 4606: 4598: 4590: 4584: 4576: 4526:Battle of Dublin 4500:IRA Army Council 4444:Munster Republic 4414:Southern Ireland 4410:Northern Ireland 4375: 4368: 4361: 4352: 4351: 4334: 4315: 4296: 4285:Spies in Ireland 4279: 4260: 4241: 4222: 4195: 4176: 4157: 4144:Decoding the IRA 4138: 4111: 4092: 4080: 4069: 4060: 4048: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 3996: 3990: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3952:. Archived from 3942: 3933: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3811: 3805: 3804:, p. 41 & 42 3791: 3785: 3784: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3738: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3701: 3690: 3689: 3665: 3659: 3657: 3639: 3633: 3631: 3613: 3607: 3605: 3597: 3591: 3589: 3581: 3575: 3564:Spies in Ireland 3553: 3547: 3546: 3527: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3404:(October 2009). 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3345: 3344:Douglas, page 78 3342: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3259: 3248: 3247: 3241: 3239: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3059: 3053: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2992: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2955: 2949: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2882:Cork Independent 2874: 2868: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2793: 2770: 2718:Northern Ireland 2533: 2526: 2519: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2491: 2490: 2472:(1948 newspaper) 2471: 2470:United Irishman 2464:(1848 newspaper) 2463: 2462:United Irishman 2457:The Sunday Press 2432:The Irish People 2271:Ógra Fianna Fáil 2166: 2135:Irish Volunteers 2118: 2110: 2070: 2022:Arm na Poblachta 1959: 1898:Aontacht Éireann 1782:Peadar O'Donnell 1777:Dáithí Ó Conaill 1516:Anti-imperialism 1498: 1488: 1477: 1476: 1408:from an illegal 1376:Irish Government 1356:Second World War 1275:Seamus O'Donovan 1204:Seamus O'Donovan 1113:Joseph McGarrity 1106:Mick Fitzpatrick 1065:Henry Somerville 1054:Francisco Franco 1011:Peadar O'Donnell 974:Great Depression 849:Marxist-Leninist 599:Northern Ireland 554:Irish Free State 386:Irish Free State 382:Northern Ireland 307:Preceded by 297: 290: 283: 276: 269: 263:Battles and wars 255: 254: 253: 247: 244:Irish Free State 242: 241: 240: 230: 229: 228: 199: 198: 197: 185: 180: 172:IRA Army Council 161: 152: 134: 133: 127: 120: 116: 113: 107: 105: 64: 40: 32: 21: 8577: 8576: 8572: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8566: 8517: 8516: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8457: 8423:Provisional IRA 8399: 8387:Irish Civil War 8332: 8286: 8276: 8246: 8241: 8227:Seamus Costello 8215: 8206:Democratic Left 8184: 8138: 8076:Marian Donnelly 8061:Michael Enright 7996:Máirín de Burca 7976:Michael Gaughan 7946:Seamus Costello 7881:Cathal Goulding 7867: 7836: 7820:United Irishman 7770:Anti-Treaty IRA 7758: 7749: 7719: 7714: 7662:Joseph Rafferty 7614:Stephen Melrose 7604:Columba McVeigh 7599:Jean McConville 7584:Martin McBirney 7499:Robert Bradford 7476: 7470: 7449: 7403: 7377:Raymond Gilmour 7362:Denis Donaldson 7347: 7341: 7187:Jackie McMullan 7157:Tommy McKearney 7142:John Joe McGirl 7087:Jennifer McCann 7027:Joseph MacManus 6957:George Harrison 6942:Michael Gaughan 6922:William Fleming 6917:Mairéad Farrell 6787:Charles Breslin 6745: 6733: 6600:Cloghoge attack 6570:Teebane bombing 6556: 6449: 6445:Derryard attack 6391:Lisburn bombing 6331:Harrods bombing 6287: 6244:Stag Inn attack 6234:Olympia bombing 6174:Forkhill attack 6144:Bristol bombing 5971: 5947:Belfast Brigade 5905: 5846:Blanket protest 5781:Republican News 5771:Anti-Treaty IRA 5759: 5754: 5724: 5719: 5698: 5652: 5638:Richard Barrett 5573:Tom McEllistrim 5543:Séumas Robinson 5488:Michael Brennan 5438:Michael Collins 5424: 5419: 5411: 5409:Richard Mulcahy 5403: 5393:Chiefs of Staff 5387: 5358:Kilmeena ambush 5353:Scramoge ambush 5348:Headford ambush 5323:Sheemore ambush 5313:Clonmult ambush 5303:Dromkeen ambush 5268:Listowel mutiny 5244: 5218: 5209:Irish Civil War 5109: 5104: 5074: 5069: 5038: 4950: 4891:Fergal O'Hanlon 4831:Richard Barrett 4826:Michael Carolan 4797: 4790:Cathal Goulding 4762:John Joe McGirl 4716:Patrick Fleming 4668:Seán Harrington 4566:Chiefs of Staff 4560: 4556:Border Campaign 4514: 4488: 4430:Irish Civil War 4384: 4379: 4342: 4337: 4331: 4312: 4276: 4257: 4238: 4211: 4192: 4184:. Pluto Press. 4173: 4154: 4127: 4108: 4089: 4077:The IRA 1926–36 4057: 4020: 4019: 4009: 4007: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3987:Wayback Machine 3973: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3956:on 25 July 2017 3944: 3943: 3936: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3894: 3890: 3880: 3878: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3835: 3834: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3702: 3693: 3686: 3666: 3662: 3654: 3640: 3636: 3628: 3614: 3610: 3598: 3594: 3582: 3578: 3560:The Secret Army 3554: 3550: 3540: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3446: 3444: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3416: 3414: 3399: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3317: 3315: 3308:History Ireland 3302: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3282: 3272: 3270: 3261: 3260: 3251: 3237: 3235: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3197: 3193: 3187:campaign began. 3178:"Russell, Seán" 3176:Hanley, Brian. 3174: 3170: 3163: 3149: 3145: 3138: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3060: 3056: 3052:2 November 1932 3044: 3040: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 3000:History Ireland 2994: 2993: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2910:. 2 July 2012. 2908:The Irish Story 2902: 2901: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2836: 2834: 2827:The Irish Times 2821: 2820: 2816: 2806: 2804: 2799:. 2 July 2012. 2795: 2794: 2790: 2758: 2699:Provisional IRA 2686:John Joe McGirl 2678:Cathal Goulding 2662: 2635:Fergal O'Hanlon 2627:border campaign 2616: 2610: 2608:Border campaign 2582: 2562: 2537: 2499: 2497: 2485: 2478: 2477: 2437:The Irish Press 2427:The Irish Felon 2402:Republican News 2372: 2364: 2363: 2309:Dungannon Clubs 2289: 2281: 2280: 2276:Ógra Shinn Féin 2201: 2193: 2192: 2145:Provisional IRA 2084:Connolly Column 2032:Cumann na mBan‎ 2014: 2013:Militant groups 2006: 2005: 1883: 1882:Defunct parties 1875: 1874: 1830: 1822: 1821: 1737:Thomas J. Kelly 1732:Cathal Goulding 1722:Éamon de Valera 1717:Seamus Costello 1687: 1679: 1678: 1649:Border Campaign 1634:Irish Civil War 1574: 1566: 1565: 1506: 1486: 1467: 1447: 1329:James McCormick 1268: 1252:Main articles: 1250: 1149: 1131: 1074: 1030:Connolly Column 995:Dublin tramways 939: 919:Kevin O'Higgins 775: 763:Kilmainham Gaol 619:Irish Civil War 607:Irish civil war 538:Irish Civil War 527: 521: 519:Irish Civil War 515: 496:County Longford 476:Richard Mulcahy 441:Michael Collins 437:Éamon de Valera 425: 419: 351:Provisional IRA 327: 326: 322: 320:Provisional IRA 318: 313: 309: 293: 286: 279: 272: 267:Irish Civil War 251: 249: 248: 238: 236: 235: 234: 226: 224: 213: 195: 193: 183: 178: 163: 138: 128: 117: 111: 108: 65: 63: 53: 41: 28: 23: 22: 18:Anti-Treaty IRA 15: 12: 11: 5: 8575: 8565: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8512: 8511: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8455: 8450: 8448:Continuity IRA 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8397: 8383: 8382: 8379:Irish Republic 8364: 8363: 8361:Cumann na mBan 8358: 8353: 8348: 8346:Fianna Éireann 8335: 8333: 8331: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8299: 8297: 8291: 8288: 8287: 8275: 8274: 8267: 8260: 8252: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8223: 8221: 8217: 8216: 8214: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8192: 8190: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8152: 8146: 8144: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8136: 8134:Gerry Grainger 8131: 8126: 8121: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8106:Kathleen Lynch 8103: 8101:Linda Kavanagh 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8021:Eamonn Melaugh 8018: 8013: 8011:Martin O'Hagan 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7981:Henry McDonald 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7961:Francis Hughes 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7931:Billy McMillen 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7906:Ronnie Bunting 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7877: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7844: 7842: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7834: 7829: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7777: 7772: 7766: 7764: 7760: 7759: 7756:Workers' Party 7748: 7747: 7740: 7733: 7725: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7700:Stephen Tibble 7697: 7692: 7690:Norman Stronge 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7670:Ray Smallwoods 7667: 7659: 7651: 7649:Robert Seymour 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7609:Ross McWhirter 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7569:Andrew Kearney 7566: 7564:Donald Kaberry 7561: 7556: 7551: 7549:Maurice Gibson 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7489:Johnathan Ball 7486: 7480: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7457: 7455: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7420:Fianna Éireann 7417: 7415:Cumann na mBan 7411: 7409: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7353: 7351: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7247:Joe B. O'Hagan 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7207:Danny Morrison 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7182:Thomas McMahon 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7132:Gerry McGeough 7129: 7124: 7119: 7117:Thomas McElwee 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7072:Pearse McAuley 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6967:Francis Hughes 6964: 6962:Brendan Hughes 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6927:Kieran Fleming 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6892:Martin Doherty 6889: 6887:Kieran Doherty 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6867:Gerard Davison 6864: 6859: 6857:Eddie Copeland 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6837:Gabriel Cleary 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6812:Fergal Caraher 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6782:Patricia Black 6779: 6774: 6769: 6767:Declan Arthurs 6764: 6759: 6753: 6751: 6739: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6645:Camden bombing 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6566: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6517:Proxy bombings 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6459: 6457: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6297: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6089:Clogher attack 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6049:Claudy bombing 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5988: 5979: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5917:Chief of Staff 5913: 5911: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5856:HM Prison Maze 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5831:Barrack buster 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5793: 5791:The Green Book 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5753: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5730: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5706: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5696: 5694:1916–1921 Club 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5674:Fianna Éireann 5671: 5669:Cumann na mBan 5666: 5660: 5658: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5633:Joseph McGrath 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5593:Ernie O'Malley 5590: 5588:Michael Kilroy 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5563:Seán O'Hegarty 5560: 5558:Charlie Hurley 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5513:Seán Mac Mahon 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5468:Piaras Béaslaí 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5434: 5432: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5422: 5414: 5406: 5397: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5338:Burgery ambush 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5298:Clonfin ambush 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5278:Tooreen ambush 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5254: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5170:Irish Bulletin 5167: 5153: 5151:Irish Republic 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5110: 5103: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5080: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5016: 5011: 5003: 4995: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4969: 4967:Fianna Éireann 4964: 4962:Cumann na mBan 4958: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4946:Tarlach Ó hUid 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4841:Ernie O'Malley 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4807: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4767: 4759: 4751: 4745: 4737: 4729: 4721: 4713: 4705: 4700:Charlie Kerins 4697: 4689: 4681: 4673: 4665: 4657: 4649: 4641: 4633: 4625: 4617: 4609: 4601: 4593: 4587: 4579: 4570: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4541:Christmas Raid 4538: 4533: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4427: 4417: 4403: 4398: 4392: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4378: 4377: 4370: 4363: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4341: 4340:External links 4338: 4336: 4335: 4330:978-1291093186 4329: 4316: 4311:978-1781700068 4310: 4297: 4280: 4274: 4261: 4255: 4242: 4236: 4223: 4209: 4196: 4190: 4177: 4172:978-1843833765 4171: 4158: 4153:978-1856356046 4152: 4139: 4125: 4112: 4106: 4093: 4087: 4070: 4061: 4055: 4038: 4026: 4018: 4017: 3991: 3967: 3934: 3915: 3908: 3888: 3858: 3828: 3817:. 17 July 2013 3806: 3786: 3780:978-0748641123 3779: 3759: 3749: 3723: 3717:978-1788490788 3716: 3691: 3684: 3660: 3652: 3634: 3626: 3608: 3592: 3576: 3548: 3538: 3512: 3482: 3454: 3424: 3393: 3355: 3346: 3337: 3325: 3295: 3280: 3249: 3217: 3205: 3191: 3168: 3161: 3143: 3136: 3118: 3088: 3074: 3054: 3038: 3017: 2976: 2950: 2925: 2895: 2884:. 6 April 2022 2869: 2865:The Big Fellow 2856: 2844: 2814: 2787: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2777:Piaras Béaslaí 2773:The Irregulars 2757: 2754: 2733:. Its leader, 2672:active in the 2661: 2658: 2612:Main article: 2609: 2606: 2581: 2578: 2561: 2558: 2539: 2538: 2536: 2535: 2528: 2521: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2495: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2467: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2114: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2075: 2074: 2066: 2055: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2037:Fianna Éireann 2034: 2029: 2027:Continuity IRA 2024: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1831: 1829:Active parties 1828: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1807:James Stephens 1804: 1799: 1794: 1792:Patrick Pearse 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1712:James Connolly 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1561:United Ireland 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1491: 1490: 1482: 1481: 1466: 1463: 1446: 1443: 1435:Charlie Kerins 1364:Operation Dove 1313:Christmas Raid 1249: 1246: 1242:George Gilmore 1174:Tarlach Ó hUid 1148: 1145: 1141:United Kingdom 1127:Main article: 1073: 1070: 938: 935: 923:George Gilmore 911:Garda Síochána 899:George Gilmore 889:in 1928. Many 871:Mary MacSwiney 822:United Kingdom 801:stance of the 774: 773:Post-Civil War 771: 588:County Wexford 559:W. T. Cosgrave 517:Main article: 514: 511: 484:Ernie O'Malley 472:Irish Republic 418: 415: 378:United Kingdom 329: 328: 314: 305: 304: 301: 300: 264: 260: 259: 232:United Kingdom 222: 218: 217: 215:United Kingdom 208: 204: 203: 201:Irish Republic 191: 187: 186: 181: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 153: 145: 144: 130: 129: 44: 42: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8574: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8466: 8465: 8459: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8409: 8408: 8407: 8401: 8396: 8392: 8391: 8390: 8389: 8388: 8380: 8377:(Army of the 8376: 8373: 8372: 8371: 8370: 8369: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8340: 8339:Easter Rising 8334: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8313:Young Ireland 8311: 8309: 8306: 8305: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8295: 8294: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8273: 8268: 8266: 8261: 8259: 8254: 8253: 8250: 8238: 8237:Gerard Weston 8235: 8233: 8232:John Barnhill 8230: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8218: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8187: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8160: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8141: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8116:Mick Finnegan 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8096:John Halligan 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8066:Eamon Gilmore 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8016:Eoghan Harris 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8006:Dominic Behan 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7986:Johnnie White 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7971:Mickey Devine 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7951:Eoin Ó Murchú 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7873:Personalities 7870: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7839: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7795:Popular front 7793: 7791: 7788: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7746: 7741: 7739: 7734: 7732: 7727: 7726: 7723: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7695:Richard Sykes 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7685:James Stronge 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7663: 7660: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7634:Thomas Oliver 7632: 7630: 7629:Robert Nairac 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7539:Joseph Fenton 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7524:Raymond Elder 7522: 7520: 7519:Eamon Collins 7517: 7515: 7514:Martin Cahill 7512: 7510: 7509:Matthew Burns 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7494:Anthony Berry 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7473: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7406: 7398: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7367:Joseph Fenton 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7357:Eamon Collins 7355: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7346:Espionage and 7344: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7327:Seamus Twomey 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7267:Dolours Price 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7222:Kieran Nugent 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7202:Arthur Morgan 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7192:Martin Meehan 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7167:Kevin McKenna 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7107:Joe McDonnell 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7077:Daniel McCann 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7047:Donna Maguire 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7037:Patrick Magee 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6977:Pearse Jordan 6975: 6973: 6972:Martin Hurson 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6852:Eamon Collins 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6817:Malachy Carey 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6807:Liam Campbell 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6792:Edward Butler 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6772:Thomas Begley 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6744: 6743:Personalities 6740: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6575:Clonoe ambush 6573: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6559: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6452: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6254:Jonesborough 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6044:Bloody Friday 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5952:Derry Brigade 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5908: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5851:Dirty protest 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5751: 5746: 5744: 5739: 5737: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5710:National Army 5708: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5583:George Lennon 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5553:Seán Mac Eoin 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5523:Andrew Cooney 5521: 5519: 5518:Stephen Behan 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5430:Personalities 5427: 5418: 5415: 5410: 5407: 5402: 5401:Cathal Brugha 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5273:Rineen ambush 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5180:Flying column 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5136:Easter Rising 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5101: 5096: 5094: 5089: 5087: 5082: 5081: 5078: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5007: 5004: 4999: 4996: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4896:Manus Canning 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4876:Dominic Behan 4874: 4872: 4871:Brendan Behan 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4851:Paddy McLogan 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4811:Cathal Brugha 4809: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4803:Personalities 4800: 4791: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4771: 4768: 4763: 4760: 4755: 4752: 4746: 4741: 4740:Richard Burke 4738: 4733: 4730: 4725: 4722: 4717: 4714: 4709: 4706: 4701: 4698: 4693: 4690: 4685: 4682: 4677: 4674: 4669: 4666: 4661: 4658: 4653: 4652:Stephen Hayes 4650: 4645: 4642: 4637: 4634: 4629: 4626: 4621: 4620:Seán MacBride 4618: 4613: 4610: 4605: 4604:Andrew Cooney 4602: 4597: 4594: 4588: 4583: 4580: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4474:Plan Kathleen 4472: 4470: 4469:The Emergency 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4459:Abstentionism 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4376: 4371: 4369: 4364: 4362: 4357: 4356: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4332: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4313: 4307: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4275:0-09-174259-5 4271: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4191:0-7453-0317-X 4187: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4122: 4118: 4113: 4109: 4107:9780717137602 4103: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4079: 4078: 4071: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4047: 4046: 4039: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3971: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3941: 3939: 3932: 3931:1-84488-120-2 3928: 3924: 3919: 3911: 3909:9781430319344 3905: 3901: 3900: 3892: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3862: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3832: 3816: 3810: 3803: 3802:9780850340716 3799: 3796:, Pat Walsh, 3795: 3790: 3782: 3776: 3772: 3771: 3763: 3756: 3752: 3750:9781560009016 3746: 3742: 3737: 3736: 3727: 3719: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3687: 3685:1-56000-901-2 3681: 3677: 3673: 3672: 3664: 3655: 3653:9780099415220 3649: 3645: 3638: 3629: 3623: 3619: 3612: 3603: 3596: 3587: 3580: 3573: 3572:1-131-82692-2 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3556:J Bowyer Bell 3552: 3545: 3541: 3539:9781560009016 3535: 3531: 3526: 3525: 3516: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3486: 3471:. 2 July 2009 3470: 3469: 3464: 3458: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3413: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3397: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3334: 3329: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3246: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3221: 3214: 3209: 3202: 3201: 3195: 3188: 3183: 3179: 3172: 3164: 3162:9781476662589 3158: 3154: 3147: 3139: 3137:9781351474450 3133: 3129: 3122: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3077: 3075:9780297857464 3071: 3067: 3066: 3058: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3027: 3021: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2947: 2946:0-85342-684-8 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2929: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2866: 2860: 2853: 2848: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2818: 2802: 2798: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2753: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2621: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2602:Matt Merrigan 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2566:Paddy McLogan 2557: 2553: 2551: 2546: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2511: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2474: 2468: 2466: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2397:Irish Freedom 2395: 2393: 2392:IRIS Magazine 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2382:Evening Press 2380: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2189: 2188:Young Ireland 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2115: 2113: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2089:Irish Brigade 2087: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2010: 2009: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1908:Clann Éireann 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1787:John O'Mahony 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1747:Seán MacBride 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1697:Cathal Brugha 1695: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1683: 1682: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1614:Easter Rising 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1599:Fenian Rising 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1556:Republicanism 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1546:New Departure 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1511:Abstentionism 1509: 1508: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1471: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1423:Belfast Blitz 1418: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1398:Denis Ireland 1396:devout, from 1395: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1372:Plan Kathleen 1369: 1368:Stephen Hayes 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1346: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321:Gerald Boland 1318: 1317:County Armagh 1314: 1310: 1306: 1305:Magazine Fort 1301: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1216:Eduard Hempel 1212: 1209: 1208:Nazi ideology 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1144: 1142: 1137: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1089: 1087: 1078: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1061:Seán MacBride 1057: 1055: 1051: 1050:Irish Brigade 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1001: 996: 992: 986: 983: 979: 975: 970: 968: 960: 956: 952: 948: 943: 934: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 906: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 882: 880: 876: 872: 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In the 2412:Sinn Féin 1991:Saor Éire 1870:Sinn Féin 1427:Luftwaffe 1196:Wehrmacht 1094:Thompsons 1018:Saor Éire 955:Sinn Féin 951:red scare 895:Saor Éire 765:in 1924. 566:, led by 513:Civil War 502:in Cork. 488:Tom Barry 429:Sinn Féin 221:Opponents 8471:Real IRA 7784:Timeline 7754:and the 7477:killings 5826:Weaponry 5800:Timeline 4434:Timeline 4219:59242981 4004:Archived 3983:Archived 3875:Archived 3845:Archived 3676:239, 240 3499:Archived 3441:Archived 3381:23193881 3312:Archived 3273:26 April 3267:Archived 3232:RTÉ News 3105:Archived 3065:A Memoir 3010:10 March 3004:Archived 2963:Archived 2912:Archived 2831:Archived 2801:Archived 2729:and the 2594:Portugal 2150:Real IRA 2058:Inactive 1531:Éire Nua 1505:Concepts 1178:War News 1156:such as 820:and the 666:Limerick 623:shotguns 453:Leinster 449:Connacht 364:against 8491:New IRA 8284:Ireland 7841:Actions 7763:General 7554:Ian Gow 6684:downing 6467:downing 6465:Gazelle 6258:downing 6256:Gazelle 5977:Actions 5764:General 5250:Actions 5114:General 4519:Attacks 4389:General 4293:5423465 3586:The IRA 3417:27 July 3369:Saothar 2703:Marxist 2637:in the 2216:Cabhair 2078:Defunct 2052:New IRA 1865:Saoradh 1573:History 1170:Curragh 982:fascist 957:to the 945:During 927:Kilrush 685:Kenmare 445:Munster 368:in the 211:Ireland 168:Leaders 96:scholar 8278:Armed 7435:NORAID 5420:(1922) 5196:& 5162:& 5001:(1931) 4765:(1958) 4749:(1957) 4743:(1957) 4695:(1942) 4687:(1942) 4679:(1942) 4663:(1941) 4623:(1936) 4585:(1922) 4577:(1922) 4436:& 4412:& 4327: 4308: 4291: 4272: 4253: 4234: 4217: 4207: 4188: 4169: 4150: 4133: 4123: 4104: 4085: 4053: 4033: 4010:15 May 3960:15 May 3929: 3906: 3800: 3777: 3747: 3714: 3682: 3650: 3624: 3570: 3536: 3475:16 May 3379: 3159: 3134: 3081:15 May 3072: 2969:15 May 2944: 2837:15 May 2807:15 May 2568:, and 2246:NORAID 2241:IRSCNA 2017:Active 1960:(1976) 1840:Éirígí 1686:People 1644:S-Plan 1455:Dublin 1383:Abwehr 1283:Abwehr 1279:S-Plan 1264:, and 1258:S-Plan 834:London 720:State 631:Dublin 457:Ulster 98: 91: 84: 77: 69: 8170:IMCWP 4135:38308 3377:JSTOR 3245:1939. 3031:2 May 2888:2 May 2371:Media 2231:IRPWA 1996:SLISO 1835:Aontú 1439:Garda 576:Kerry 507:Upnor 394:Irish 162:1922. 103:JSTOR 89:books 6682:Lynx 6398:Lynx 4325:ISBN 4306:ISBN 4289:OCLC 4270:ISBN 4251:ISBN 4232:ISBN 4215:OCLC 4205:ISBN 4186:ISBN 4167:ISBN 4148:ISBN 4131:OCLC 4121:ISBN 4102:ISBN 4083:ISBN 4051:ISBN 4031:ISBN 4012:2016 3962:2016 3927:ISBN 3904:ISBN 3883:2016 3853:2016 3823:2021 3798:ISBN 3775:ISBN 3745:ISBN 3712:ISBN 3680:ISBN 3648:ISBN 3622:ISBN 3568:ISBN 3534:ISBN 3507:2016 3477:2022 3449:2017 3419:2022 3388:2021 3320:2019 3275:2019 3240:2023 3157:ISBN 3132:ISBN 3113:2017 3083:2016 3070:ISBN 3033:2022 3012:2015 2971:2016 2942:ISBN 2920:2016 2890:2022 2839:2016 2809:2016 2744:The 2668:and 2633:and 2625:The 1410:1916 1392:, a 1327:and 832:and 790:OGPU 673:Cork 586:and 486:and 478:and 468:Dáil 455:and 353:and 333:The 75:news 3741:249 3530:224 2596:'s 1441:). 1406:RUC 1366:). 1202:". 959:IRA 828:in 788:'s 722:TDs 339:IRA 58:by 8523:: 7399:") 4213:. 4129:. 4002:. 3948:. 3937:^ 3873:. 3869:. 3843:. 3839:. 3753:. 3743:. 3694:^ 3678:. 3558:– 3542:. 3532:. 3497:. 3493:. 3465:. 3439:. 3435:. 3408:. 3371:. 3367:. 3306:. 3283:^ 3252:^ 3242:. 3229:. 3180:. 3103:. 3099:. 3048:, 2998:. 2979:^ 2961:. 2906:. 2880:. 2825:. 2766:A. 2741:. 2680:. 2649:. 1429:. 1260:, 1256:, 1188:. 1172:. 1160:, 1108:. 933:. 929:, 881:. 757:" 463:. 413:. 357:. 160:c. 8381:) 8271:e 8264:t 8257:v 8161:) 8157:( 7786:) 7782:( 7744:e 7737:t 7730:v 5802:) 5798:( 5749:e 5742:t 5735:v 5200:) 5192:( 5166:) 5158:( 5099:e 5092:t 5085:v 5025:) 5021:( 4440:) 4432:( 4426:) 4422:( 4416:) 4408:( 4374:e 4367:t 4360:v 4333:. 4314:. 4295:. 4278:. 4259:. 4240:. 4221:. 4194:. 4175:. 4156:. 4137:. 4110:. 4091:. 4059:. 4037:. 4014:. 3964:. 3912:. 3885:. 3855:. 3825:. 3783:. 3720:. 3688:. 3658:. 3656:. 3632:. 3630:. 3606:. 3590:. 3566:( 3509:. 3479:. 3451:. 3421:. 3390:. 3373:9 3322:. 3277:. 3165:. 3140:. 3115:. 3085:. 3035:. 3014:. 2973:. 2922:. 2892:. 2841:. 2811:. 2532:e 2525:t 2518:v 1285:. 792:. 715:. 540:. 337:( 143:) 139:( 125:) 119:( 114:) 110:( 100:· 93:· 86:· 79:· 52:. 20:)

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