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389:(pressure within the eye) either through increased production or decreased outflow of aqueous humour. Increased resistance to outflow of aqueous humour may occur due to an abnormal trabecular meshwork or due to obliteration of the meshwork resulting from injury or disease of the iris. However, increased interocular pressure is neither sufficient nor necessary for development of primary open angle glaucoma, although it is a major risk factor. Uncontrolled glaucoma typically leads to visual field loss and ultimately
360:(a channel at the limbus, i.e., the joining point of the cornea and sclera, which encircles the cornea). It flows through 25–30 collector canals into the episcleral veins. The greatest resistance to aqueous flow is provided by the trabecular meshwork (esp. the juxtacanalicular part), and this is where most of the aqueous outflow occurs. The internal wall of the canal is very delicate and allows the fluid to filter due to the high pressure of the fluid within the eye. The secondary route is the
963:
1:posterior segment 2:ora serrata 3:ciliary muscle 4:ciliary zonules 5:Schlemm's canal 6:pupil 7:anterior chamber 8:cornea 9:iris 10:lens cortex 11:lens nucleus 12:ciliary process 13:conjunctiva 14:inferior oblique muscule 15:inferior rectus muscule 16:medial rectus muscle 17:retinal arteries and
451:
340:
Aqueous humor is continually produced by the ciliary processes and this rate of production must be balanced by an equal rate of aqueous humor drainage. Small variations in the production or outflow of aqueous humor will have a large influence on the intraocular pressure.
648:
Weinstein, B. I.; Kandalaft, N.; Ritch, R.; Camras, C. B.; Morris, D. J.; Latif, S. A.; Vecsei, P.; Vittek, J.; Gordon, G. G.; Southren, A. L. (1991). "5 alpha-dihydrocortisol in human aqueous humour and metabolism of cortisol by human lenses in vitro".
367:
The fluid is normally 15 mmHg (0.6 inHg) above atmospheric pressure, so when a syringe is injected the fluid flows easily. If the fluid is leaking, the hardness of the normal eye is compromised, leading to collapse and wilting of the cornea.
364:, and is independent of the intraocular pressure, the aqueous flows through here, but to a lesser extent than through the trabecular meshwork (approx. 10% of the total drainage whereas by trabecular meshwork 90% of the total drainage).
964:
veins 18:optic disc 19:dura mater 20:central retinal artery 21:central retinal vein 22:optic nerve 23:vorticose vein 24:bulbar sheath 25:macula 26:fovea 27:sclera 28:choroid 29:superior rectus muscle 30:retina
457:
Sectional
Anatomy of the Eye in greater detail, showing Anterior and Posterior Chambers in Anterior Cavity, and Posterior Cavity; also Canal of Schlemm, Ciliary body, and Ora serrata
385:
is a progressive optic neuropathy where retinal ganglion cells and their axons die causing a corresponding visual field defect. An important risk factor is increased
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269:
and inflates the globe of the eye. It is this hydrostatic pressure that keeps the eyeball in a roughly spherical shape and keeps the walls of the eyeball taut.
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Provides inflation for expansion of the cornea and thus increased protection against dust, wind, pollen grains, and some pathogens.
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Provides nutrition (e.g. amino acids and glucose) for the avascular ocular tissues; posterior
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723:. Bhushan, Vikas., Lee, Kachiu., Deol, Maniver. (Sixth ed.). New York. p. 505.
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and the retina, also known as the posterior cavity or vitreous chamber.
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149:, but containing low protein concentrations. It is secreted from the
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527:"Ivermectin, 'Wonder drug' from Japan: The human use perspective"
324:, specifically the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body (
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indicates a role in immune response to defend against pathogens.
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The drainage route for aqueous humor flow is first through the
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Aqueous humour is secreted into the posterior chamber by the
174:
60:
396:
Uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour can be increased with
972:
695:"Glaucoma Medications: Click for Facts About Side Effects"
680:"eye, human" (see 'Cornea') Encyclopædia Britannica -from
582:
Veselovský J, Oláh Z, Veselá A, Gressnerová S (2001). "".
352:. From there, the aqueous humor exits the eye through the
815:
682:
Encyclopædia
Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD
165:
chambers of the eye, and is not to be confused with the
291:
in the anterior segment to act as an antioxidant agent.
204:
400:agonists, while trabecular outflow is increased by
332:, may be involved in production of aqueous humour.
328:). 5 alpha-dihydrocortisol, an enzyme inhibited by
445:Another labeled view of the structures of the eye
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651:Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
930:
801:
608:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
169:, which is located in the space between the
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751:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
531:Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B
524:
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153:, a structure supporting the lens of the
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27:Fluid in the anterior segment of the eye
488:Human Physiology. An Integrate approach
404:. Fluid production can be decreased by
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1497:
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490:. 5th edition. Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
789:
775:Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator
669:
622:
525:Crump, Andy; Omura, Satoshi (2011).
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177:cannot normally enter the eyeball.
44:Schematic diagram of the human eye.
24:
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25:
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721:First aid for the USMLE Step 2 CS
629:American Academy of Ophthalmology
450:
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194:: transported by ciliary muscles
625:"Optical Properties of the Eye"
304:Contributes refraction, with a
771:"Anatomy diagram: 02566.000-1"
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1:
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433:Structures of the eye labeled
414:carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
315:
207:= 7.4 -one source gives 7.1)
1454:Optical coherence tomography
1208:Photosensitive ganglion cell
330:5-alpha reductase inhibitors
180:
145:water-like fluid similar to
7:
1204:Giant retina ganglion cells
993:Capillary lamina of choroid
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1148:Retinal pigment epithelium
1138:External limiting membrane
777:. Elsevier. Archived from
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284:, and anterior vitreous.
1143:Layer of rods and cones
1099:Inner limiting membrane
699:www.emedicinehealth.com
287:May serve to transport
965:
719:Tao, Le (2017-11-13).
121:Anatomical terminology
1459:Eye care professional
1264:Foveal avascular zone
1126:Outer plexiform layer
1114:Inner plexiform layer
1069:Iris sphincter muscle
962:
372:Clinical significance
311:Prevents eye dryness.
213:Potassium = 2.2 - 4.0
1479:Physiological Optics
1449:Ocular immune system
1188:Retina ganglion cell
387:intraocular pressure
362:uveoscleral drainage
267:intraocular pressure
157:. It fills both the
1303:Anatomical regions
1164:Photoreceptor cells
1131:Outer nuclear layer
1119:Inner nuclear layer
1109:Ganglion cell layer
1064:Iris dilator muscle
859:Trabecular meshwork
543:2011PJAB...87...13C
354:trabecular meshwork
278:trabecular meshwork
966:
623:Palanker, Daniel.
584:Cesk Slov Oftalmol
551:10.2183/pjab.87.13
1510:Human eye anatomy
1492:
1491:
1484:Visual perception
1432:
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1399:Posterior segment
1367:Posterior chamber
1298:
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1200:Bistratified cell
1104:Nerve fiber layer
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1021:Ciliary processes
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420:Additional Images
346:posterior chamber
135:
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16:(Redirected from
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1469:Refractive error
1407:Vitreous chamber
1352:Anterior chamber
1313:Anterior segment
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998:Bruch's membrane
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973:Uvea / vascular
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350:anterior chamber
306:refractive index
232:Phosphate = 0.62
222:Chloride = 131.6
127:edit on Wikidata
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1249:Perifoveal area
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358:Schlemm's canal
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296:immunoglobulins
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254:Immunoglobulins
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219:Magnesium = 1.1
210:Sodium = 142.09
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781:on 2012-07-22.
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501:"Eye Anatomy"
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18:Aqueous humor
1478:
1372:Ciliary body
1356:
1212:Diencephalon
1211:
1196:Parasol cell
1180:Bipolar cell
1031:Pars plicata
1013:Ciliary body
881:
779:the original
774:
720:
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702:. Retrieved
698:
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632:. Retrieved
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604:cite journal
590:(5): 291–7.
587:
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537:(2): 13–28.
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508:. Retrieved
504:
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326:pars plicata
322:ciliary body
319:
294:Presence of
201:Electrolytes
151:ciliary body
147:blood plasma
138:
136:
90:A15.2.06.002
65:
1505:Body fluids
1464:Eye disease
1444:Keratocytes
1333:Conjunctiva
1290:Ora serrata
1228:Muller glia
1192:Midget cell
912:Endothelium
902:Dua's layer
402:M3 agonists
249:Glutathione
192:Amino acids
186:Composition
143:transparent
55:Identifiers
1499:Categories
1305:of the eye
1278:Optic disc
1036:Pars plana
907:Descemet's
887:Epithelium
739:1011506616
704:3 December
634:2023-11-20
475:References
316:Production
1283:Optic cup
1168:Cone cell
822:human eye
747:cite book
391:blindness
308:of 1.3335
289:ascorbate
197:98% water
181:Structure
163:posterior
1172:Rod cell
977:(middle)
892:Bowman's
596:11764684
569:21321478
463:See also
383:Glaucoma
378:Glaucoma
336:Drainage
260:Function
161:and the
159:anterior
1424:Choroid
1325:Eyebrow
1269:Foveola
1085:(inner)
985:Choroid
833:(outer)
820:of the
663:2055703
560:3043740
539:Bibcode
510:8 March
229:= 20.15
155:eyeball
78:D001082
50:Details
1419:Retina
1329:Eyelid
1321:Adnexa
1244:Macula
1224:K cell
1220:M cell
1216:P cell
1092:Layers
1083:Retina
1054:Stroma
897:Stroma
882:layers
877:Limbus
869:Cornea
841:Sclera
737:
727:
661:
594:
567:
557:
412:, and
274:cornea
1437:Other
1341:Orbit
1259:Fovea
1237:Other
1174:) → (
1157:Cells
1059:Pupil
975:tunic
818:globe
505:WebMD
356:into
238:= 304
175:Blood
141:is a
125:[
114:58819
61:Latin
1377:Lens
1362:Iris
1210:) →
1186:) →
1178:) →
1046:Iris
753:link
735:OCLC
725:ISBN
706:2019
684:2009
659:PMID
610:link
592:PMID
565:PMID
512:2016
282:lens
171:lens
137:The
102:6791
85:TA98
73:MeSH
1182:→ (
555:PMC
547:doi
236:Osm
225:HCO
109:FMA
97:TA2
1501::
1339:,
1335:,
1331:,
1327:,
1226:,
1222:,
1218:,
1214::
1206:,
1202:,
1198:,
1194:,
1170:,
773:.
749:}}
745:{{
733:.
697:.
671:^
655:32
653:.
627:.
606:}}
602:{{
588:57
586:.
563:.
553:.
545:.
535:87
533:.
529:.
503:.
416:.
408:,
393:.
280:,
276:,
205:pH
1343:)
1323:(
1190:(
1166:(
809:e
802:t
795:v
755:)
741:.
708:.
665:.
637:.
612:)
598:.
571:.
549::
541::
514:.
227:3
203:(
129:]
20:)
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