17:
226:
365:
erected in 543 in the western end of the square to commemorate his victories. It was topped by an equestrian statue of
Justinian himself, reusing parts of Theodosius' statue, and was complemented by a group of three barbarian kings kneeling before it and offering tribute. It survived until the 16th
361:, provoking the Empress' ire and his subsequent deposition and exile. The statue's base was discovered in 1848 and is now located in the garden of the Hagia Sophia. Following Justinian's rebuilding, the square's main feature was a
308:(Θωμαΐτης) was erected on the southeastern side of the square. It was a reception hall associated with the patriarchal residence, containing also the Patriarchate's library, and survived until the 16th century.
76:
Square"). Originating as a public market, in the 6th century it was transformed into a closed courtyard surrounded by porticoes, and provided the linking space between some of the most important edifices in the
163:), but after Justinian's reconstruction, it became more of an enclosed courtyard where access was restricted. Byzantine writers from the 7th century on refer to it as explicitly as a court or forecourt (
229:
Reconstruction of the Column of
Justinian, which dominated the square after the 6th century. The depiction of a helical narrative frieze around the column, after the fashion of
1153:
1148:
208:
periods constituted the administrative, religious and ceremonial center of the city. The square was a rectangular open space, enclosed within a colonnaded porticoes (
716:
277:(r. 360–363) and rebuilt by Justinian with a porch of six great columns adorning its front. Next to the Senate, at the southeastern corner stood the monumental
1092:
311:
The square itself was paved with marble, as discovered in excavations, and featured a number of statues, aside from the already-mentioned statue of the
184:, the square and its adjacent buildings seem to have been the property of the Hagia Sophia. By the early 15th century however, the Italian traveller
1143:
120:. In the 320s, Constantine adorned his chosen new capital with many new monumental buildings. His activities included new structures around the
709:
357:
on a column also stood on the square. The noise and pagan rituals that accompanied the statue's inauguration were criticized by
Patriarch
81:
capital. The square survived until the late
Byzantine period, albeit in ruins, and traces were still visible in the early 16th century.
1104:
218:), probably first added in the 459 rebuilding and restored by Justinian. Its exact dimensions are impossible to determine nowadays;
702:
180:
survived mostly unchanged through the subsequent centuries. In the late 13th century, following the recovery of the city from the
1158:
262:
648:
604:
297:
595:
Constantinople in the early eighth century: the
Parastaseis syntomoi chronikai (introduction, translation, and commentary)
958:
429:
669:
615:
582:
1163:
157:(r. 527–565). In its original form, the square was open to the public and functioned as the city's food market (
1178:
816:
794:
639:
317:
285:
866:
933:
927:
923:
694:
293:
963:
241:
was entered in its western and southern side, respectively through the Melete and Pinsos Gates, from the
1183:
321:
record a statue of
Constantine himself, standing on a column and flanked by statues of his three sons,
856:
322:
138:
1060:
185:
345:
of the emperor, standing on a column, and again flanked at ground level by statues of his sons,
892:
1173:
1168:
1070:
984:
937:
785:
243:
94:
1075:
1008:
952:
846:
760:
338:
253:, the mile marker from which all distances in the Empire were measured. To its north, the
8:
1014:
994:
989:
907:
841:
770:
362:
274:
134:
1080:
1040:
1030:
979:
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230:
129:
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665:
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342:
219:
101:
1055:
1045:
876:
851:
820:
270:
205:
78:
69:
16:
1188:
902:
871:
830:
775:
659:
358:
146:
947:
942:
726:
685:
367:
330:
53:
43:
31:
1137:
1119:
1106:
1004:
835:
790:
765:
354:
189:
98:
1035:
724:
897:
258:
225:
181:
170:
73:
128:
was likely carved out of its eastern part at that time, and named after a
740:
619:
204:
lay in the eastern part of
Constantinople, which in the early and middle
154:
116:"). In the center of the square stood a column with a statue of the god
800:
104:(r. 193–211) rebuilt the city, he erected a large square surrounded by
247:, the city's main thoroughfare. Directly outside the square stood the
222:
suggested that it had a rectangular shape 85 m long and 60–65 m wide.
192:' sojourn in the 1540s, only the fragments of seven columns remained.
578:
215:
150:
90:
618:. Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World, Constantinople. Archived from
861:
780:
346:
334:
326:
301:
57:
149:(r. 457–474), and again in the 530s, after being destroyed in the
105:
825:
749:
278:
249:
117:
61:
418:
408:
398:
388:
164:
159:
52:, was an important ceremonial square in ancient and medieval
36:
113:
188:
reported that the square lay in ruins, and by the time of
1154:
Buildings and structures completed in the 6th century
1149:
Buildings and structures completed in the 4th century
341:(r. 379–395), the ensemble was replaced by a silver
93:, before its conversion into an imperial capital by
333:(r. 337–361), to which were later added statues of
592:
20:Map of the administrative heart of Constantinople.
1135:
535:
533:
296:. In the 7th century, probably under Patriarch
132:column supporting a statue of his mother, the
710:
590:
566:Cameron & Herrin (1984), pp. 251, 262–263
530:
548:Cameron & Herrin (1984), pp. 93, 206–207
497:
495:
337:(r. 308–324) and of Julian. In the reign of
273:houses of the city, built by Constantine or
209:
195:
1093:Churches and Monasteries of Constantinople
725:Public spaces and structures of Byzantine
717:
703:
613:
492:
427:. The name first appears in Latin in the
288:, while to the southwest stood the great
657:
591:Cameron, Averil; Herrin, Judith (1984).
224:
15:
1144:320s establishments in the Roman Empire
686:3D reconstruction of the square at the
633:
366:century, when it was demolished by the
64:), roughly corresponding to the modern
1136:
469:
467:
698:
485:
483:
481:
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463:
461:
459:
457:
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387: Also found in the sources as:
539:Cameron & Herrin (1984), p. 149
13:
1091:For churches and monasteries, see
959:Imperial Library of Constantinople
661:The Great Palace of Constantinople
476:
444:
430:Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae
417:, and hence in the corrupted form
14:
1200:
679:
353:(r. 393–423). A bronze statue of
269:), to its east by one of the two
145:was rebuilt in 459 under Emperor
89:The square dates back to ancient
300:(r. 607–610) a big three-aisled
315:Helena. The 8th to 9th-century
1159:Byzantine secular architecture
898:Harbour of Julian/Kontoskalion
817:Great Palace of Constantinople
795:Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs
640:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
614:Katsaveli, Olga (2007-11-07).
560:
551:
542:
521:
508:
318:Parastaseis syntomoi chronikai
1:
867:Palace of the Porphyrogenitus
438:
934:Hippodrome of Constantinople
928:University of Constantinople
924:Capitolium of Constantinople
557:Paspates (2004), pp. 101–103
379:
373:
292:and the northern end of the
7:
964:Praetoria of Constantinople
643:. Oxford University Press.
237:Enclosed on all sides, the
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37:
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658:Paspates, A. G. (2004) .
35:
664:. Kessinger Publishing.
390:Αὐγουστέων or Αὐγουστεών
286:imperial palace precinct
196:Location and description
1061:Cistern of the Hebdomon
186:Cristoforo Buondelmonti
166:αὐλή, αὐλαία, προαύλιον
1164:Fora of Constantinople
893:Harbour of Eleutherios
527:Paspates (2004), p. 83
489:Kazhdan (1991), p. 232
284:, the entrance to the
234:
210:
21:
1179:Constantine the Great
1071:Cistern of Philoxenos
985:Column of Constantine
938:Obelisk of Theodosius
228:
214:in Latin, in English
95:Constantine the Great
19:
1076:Cistern of Pulcheria
1015:Column of Theodosius
1009:Colossus of Barletta
953:Horses of Saint Mark
847:Palace of Blachernae
810:Palaces and mansions
761:Forum of Constantine
339:Theodosius the Great
1116: /
995:Column of Justinian
990:Column of the Goths
908:Prosphorion Harbour
842:Palace of Antiochos
771:Forum of Theodosius
257:was bounded by the
1081:Theodosius Cistern
1041:Baths of Zeuxippus
1031:Aqueduct of Valens
980:Column of Arcadius
635:Kazhdan, Alexander
290:Baths of Zeuxippus
261:cathedral and the
235:
108:, hence named the
22:
1184:Septimius Severus
1120:41.008°N 28.979°E
1099:
1098:
1066:Cistern of Mocius
1051:Cistern of Aetius
1000:Column of Marcian
857:Palace of Mangana
756:Forum of Arcadius
734:Roads and squares
650:978-0-19-504652-6
606:978-90-04-07010-3
599:. Brill Archive.
349:(r. 383–408) and
343:equestrian statue
329:(r. 337–350) and
220:Rodolphe Guilland
102:Septimius Severus
66:Aya Sofya Meydanı
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1131:
1130:
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1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1056:Cistern of Aspar
1046:Basilica Cistern
973:Column monuments
917:Public buildings
877:Prison of Anemas
852:Palace of Lausus
821:Boukoleon Palace
719:
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831:Chrysotriklinos
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231:Trajan's Column
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680:External links
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671:0-7661-9617-8
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1174:Hagia Sophia
1169:Roman Senate
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1024:Water supply
766:Forum of Leo
745:
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638:
624:. Retrieved
620:the original
616:"Augustaion"
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182:Latin Empire
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176:Justinian's
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171:Hagia Sophia
158:
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125:
124:, while the
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74:Hagia Sophia
65:
48:
47:
26:
25:
23:
1123: /
741:Amastrianum
514:Procopius,
501:Procopius,
433:of ca. 425.
415:Augousteion
410:Αὐγουστεῖον
363:tall column
304:called the
263:Patriarchal
155:Justinian I
38:Αὐγουσταῖον
1138:Categories
1111:28°58′44″E
1108:41°00′29″N
1036:Ballıgerme
801:Strategion
746:Augustaion
626:2009-09-25
439:References
405:Augoustion
400:Αὐγουστίον
395:Augousteōn
294:Hippodrome
255:Augustaion
239:Augustaion
216:peristyles
202:Augustaion
178:Augustaion
143:Augustaion
126:Augustaion
122:Tetrastoon
110:Tetrastoon
49:Augustaeum
27:Augustaion
786:Mese Odos
579:Procopius
425:Gousteion
420:Γουστεῖον
374:Footnotes
306:Thōmaitēs
211:peristyla
206:Byzantine
169:) of the
151:Nika riot
106:porticoes
91:Byzantium
79:Byzantine
42:) or, in
886:Harbours
862:Magnaura
781:Hebdomon
586:, Book I
518:, I.10.6
505:, I.10.5
368:Ottomans
351:Honorius
347:Arcadius
335:Licinius
327:Constans
302:basilica
298:Thomas I
265:palace (
130:Porphyry
58:Istanbul
56:(modern
690:project
573:Sources
313:Augusta
135:Augusta
112:("four
97:. When
85:History
70:Turkish
1189:Helios
826:Chalke
750:Milion
668:
647:
603:
383:
280:Chalkē
275:Julian
271:Senate
250:Milion
141:. The
139:Helena
118:Helios
62:Turkey
160:agora
147:Leo I
114:stoas
44:Latin
32:Greek
666:ISBN
645:ISBN
601:ISBN
282:Gate
244:Mesē
200:The
24:The
72:, "
1140::
581:,
532:^
494:^
478:^
446:^
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413:,
407:;
403:,
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393:,
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370:.
173:.
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1007:(
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936:(
930:)
926:(
838:)
819:(
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793:(
752:)
748:(
718:e
711:t
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674:.
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629:.
609:.
68:(
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