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or he cannot control the class well) will not be obeyed. Regarding parenting, authoritative parents who are warm and high in behavioral control but low in psychological control are more likely to be seen as having legitimate authority by the child, and will believe themselves that they have a duty to obey them and internalize their values. While the study of children in modern capitalist societies does look at the psychological aspects of children's understanding of legitimate authority at the level of symbolic interaction it is also true that is an extrapolated assumption based on one interpretation of a broad
Comparative Historical Sociological (CHS) analysis of legitimate authority in many societies over a long duration, not the micro social psychological study of children per se. There is nothing in Weber's published work in the Max Weber Gesamtausgabe that directly deals with children's perceptions in "formations" with traditional legitimate authority, prior to the emergence of modern capitalism .
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rational legal authority when she is perceived as legitimate by her subjects on the grounds that she has been given rights to issue commands by formal rules or laws. This entry defines the concept in relation to Weber's more general understanding of domination and other types of legitimate domination, explains the usefulness of the concept from a
Weberian perspective, and presents some of the main criticisms of the concept. T1 - Rational Legal Authority DO - 10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosr026.pub2 ER -
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312:
614:). Social scientists agree that authority is but one of several resources available to incumbents in formal positions. For example, a Head of State is dependent upon a similar nesting of authority. His legitimacy must be acknowledged, not just by citizens, but by those who control other valued resources: his immediate staff, his cabinet, military leaders and in the long run, the administration and political apparatus of the entire society.
41:
766:, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
160:), public authority in the form of popular power, and, in more administrative terms, bureaucratic or managerial techniques. In terms of bureaucratic governance, one limitation of the governmental agents of the executive branch, as outlined by George A. Krause, is that they are not as close to the popular will as
781:, Lincoln espoused the proposition “that each man should do precisely as he pleases with all which is exclusively his own," a principle existing "at the foundation of the sense of justice." This sense of personal ownership and stewardship was integral to the practice of self-government as Lincoln saw it by a
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The U.S. president is called to give account to the legislature for the conduct of the whole government, including that of regulatory agencies. The president influences the appointments, the budgeting process and has the right and capacity to review regulatory rules on a case-by-case basis. Since the
617:
Authority can be created expressly when public entities act publicly, using the same means to communicate the grant of authority to their agents that they use to communicate this to third parties, apparent authority describes the situation when a principal has placed restrictions on an agent that are
651:
Although children regard these three types of authority attributes, they first assess the legitimacy of the authority figure in question using the nature of the commands they give. For example, a teacher that does not appear to have legitimate power from the child's perspective (perhaps because she
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defines, authority is a key concept to be defined in determining the range and role of political theory, science and inquiry. The relevance of a grounded understanding of authority includes the basic foundation and formation of political, civil and/or ecclesiastical institutions or representatives.
668:
2021 country comparison, all countries with power distance below 50 are
Western Protestant democracies, except for Austria. Such studies are attempts to apply ideas found in Weber that he himself did not postulate directly and they assume the nation-state as a basic unit of "countries" rather than
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which specifies its jurisdiction, the related authority and delegated powers. Regulatory authorities can be qualified as independent agencies or executive branch agencies, a choice which is the reason of struggle between congress and the president as well as with the
American courts. The latter's
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details "Power
Distance" as: "Power distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally", which can be interpreted as respect for authority. Generally, ex-communist countries,
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aristocratic legitimate authority (e.g. feudal barons in
England). The feudal variant of Patrimonial legitimate authority is characteristic of Tudor England. But the earlier variant of Patrimonial legitimate authority is the most widespread form of traditional authority structures ("systems") in
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TY - CHAP AU - Guzman, Sebastian PY - 2007/02/01 SP - 1 EP - 2 N2 - Rational legal authority is a concept developed by Max Weber (1864–1920) to explain the stability of domination in modern times, especially in bureaucracies and democracies. A ruler is or has
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juridicial order of civil society found its concrete institutional embodiment in the civil state, as through the legislative, executive and judicial authorities that comprised the basis of the state constitution and the system of state government. Of the three state authorities, the legislative
442:
as a political concept. Weber defined domination (authority) as the chance of commands being obeyed by a specifiable group of people. Legitimate authority is that which is recognized as legitimate and justified by both the ruler and the ruled. Legitimated rule results in what Weber called the
315:
An inhabited initial from a 13th-century French text representing the tripartite social order of the Middle Ages: the ōrātōrēs (those who pray – clerics), bellātōrēs (those who fight – knights, that is, the nobility), and labōrātōrēs (those who work – peasants and members of the lower middle
332:
or socially approved power which one person or a group possesses and practices over another. The element of legitimacy is vital to the notion of authority and is the main means by which authority is distinguished from the more general concept of
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not known to a third party, and restrictions on government agents are accomplished in the open, through laws and regulations. In this setting, all parties concerned is assumed or supposed to know the laws and regulations of government.
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may define the extent of the power of rational-legal authority. Modern societies depend on legal-rational authority. Government officials are the best example of this form of authority, which is prevalent all over the world.
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plays an important role. Charismatic authority is that authority which is derived from the leader's claims to a higher power or inspiration that is supported by his or her followers. An examples in this regard can be
391:" and his other writings in 1919–1920. In this essay he emphasized that the political authority that controlled the state can be composed of the following types of authority, or what is called in German,
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authority, in other words as having the right to command On the other side, people who refuse to obey are compelled to do so by the threat of sanctions . And these two aspects are complementary.
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Authority and its attributes have been identified as of particular relevance to children as they regard their parents and teachers. The three attributes of authority have been described as
279:
is a philosophy which rejects the legitimacy of political authority and adherence to any form of sovereign rule or autonomy of a nation-state. An argument for political anarchy is made by
1626:
489:, derives from long-established customs, habits and social structures. When power passes from one generation to another, it is known as traditional authority. The rule of hereditary
1470:
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in German, which generally means 'domination' or 'rule'), that have sometimes been rendered in
English translation as types of authority, because English-speakers do not see
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To validate an argument, we refer back to our ancestors – or to someone who, while still alive, has already garnered the sort of authority only ancestors normally have.
1734:
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Max Weber in "Weber's
Rationalism and Modern Society: New Translations for the 21st Century", translated and edited by Tony Waters and Dagmar Waters. pp. 137-138.
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on the other hand, is legitimacy. Superiors, he states, feel that they have a right to issue commands; subordinates perceive an obligation to obey (see also
443:
monopoly over the use of coercive violence in a given territory. In the modern world, such authority is typically delegated to police and the court system.
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against a system of traditional or legal-rational authority started by charismatic authorities. According to Weber, what distinguishes authority from
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poor countries, and non-Protestant countries have the highest power distance (respect for inequality in the distribution of power). According to
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nation and its people. This was because, as
Lincoln also declared, "No man is good enough to govern another man, without that other's consent."
648:. Children consider the type of command, the characteristics of the authority figure, and the social context when making authority conclusions.
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would reiterate this fundamental source of legitimacy. "Our government rests in public opinion," Lincoln said in 1856. In his 1854 speech at
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Max Weber in Weber's
Rationalism and Modern Society, translated and edited by Tony Waters and Dagmar Waters, Palgrave Books 2015, pp. 136
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Towards a Dynamic Balance between Humans and Automation: Authority, Ability, Responsibility and Control in Cooperative Control Situations
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should accord the populace as much freedom as reasonable; that government should limit its authority accordingly, known as
697:, a theological concept that has a basis in multiple religions, but in this case, Christianity, tracing this right to the
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Reinhard. Bendix. Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, Doubleday & Company, Inc. 1960.
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1309:""Obedience to traditional authority:" A heritable factor underlying authoritarianism, conservatism and religiousness"
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Recently the concept of authority has also been discussed as a guiding principle in human-machine interaction design.
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understandings. In more modern terms, forms of authority include transitional authority (exhibited in, for example,
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Krause, George A. (2010). Durant, Robert F. (ed.). "Legislative Delegation of Authority to Bureaucratic Agencies".
17:
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an authority. The term "authority" has many nuances and distinctions within various academic fields ranging from
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434:, in his sociological and philosophical work, identified and distinguished three types of legitimate domination (
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The True Law of Free Monarchies: Or, The Reciprocal and Mutual Duty Between a Free King and His Natural Subjects
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look at all of the various political economic "formations" in which Weber himself was most directly interested.
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authority was understood by Kant to be foundational in that it stood as the sovereign authority in the state .
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on formal rules and established laws of the state, which are usually written down and are often very complex.
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762:.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the
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The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial authority in the United States of America.
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1441:(2004). "The Authority of Regulation and the Control of Regulators". In Marie-Anne Frison-Roche (ed.).
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and authority, and the requirements of political obligations have been core questions from the time of
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The Rise of the Public Authority: Statebuilding and Economic Development in Twentieth-Century America
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289:. On the other side, one of the main arguments for the legitimacy of the state is some form of the
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Historical applications of authority in political terms include the formation of the city-state of
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societies are engaged in an ongoing discussion regarding the legitimate extent of the exercise of
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758:, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are
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179:, and experimental treatises involving the topic of authority in relation to education include
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Laitin, David (1998). "Toward a Political Science Discipline: Authority Patterns Revisited".
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407:: Power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience.
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In recent years, however, authority in political contexts has been challenged or questioned.
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to make decisions and the legitimacy to make such legal decisions and order their execution.
117:, which grants and justifies rulers' right to exercise the power of government; and the term
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265:, for instance, there is a prevailing belief that the political system as instituted by the
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Flemisch, F., Heesen, M., Hesse, T., Kelsch, J., Schieben, A., & Beller, J. (2011).
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Political authority has two sides to it. On the one side, people generally recognize it
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Widyono, Benny (Oct 2014). "United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)".
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The definition of authority in contemporary social science remains a matter of debate.
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identifies the ability to accomplish an authorized goal, either by compliance or by
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Genetic research indicates that obedience to authority may be a heritable factor.
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are considered the foundations of judicial, legislative and executive authority.
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authority, is when power is legitimized by legally enacted rules or regulations.
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from the original on October 3, 2020 – via archive.today/IA9DF archive.is.
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The Law of Nations in Political Thought: A Critical Survey from Vitoria to Hegel
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Vol. 23, No. 2, 13 March 2015, pp. 223–236, doi:10.1080/09672559.2015.1020828
1509:
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511:(1921) Weber clarifies a distinction among three terms (as he defined them):
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This article is about authority as a political concept. For other uses, see
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The Blackwell Dictionary of Political Science: A User's Guide to Its Terms
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2005:
1985:
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1003:. Very Short Introductions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 20.
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562:. Charismatic authority is also attributed to religious innovators like
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1093:, Third edition, Allan Bullock and Stephen Trombley, eds., pp. 677–678.
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401:: Power legitimized by respect for long-established cultural patterns.
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which advocated his right to rule on the basis of the concept of the
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884:(sociological experiments measuring obedience to authority figures)
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341:
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Ludeke, Steven; Johnson, Wendy; Bouchard, Thomas J. (2013-08-01).
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are. The claims of authority can extend to national or individual
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An Introduction to Political Theory: Twelve Lectures at Harvard.
720:. This understanding of political authority and the exercise of
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The political authority in the British context can be traced to
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1934:
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1854:
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Glanville, Luke (2016). Bellamy, Alex J. (ed.). "Sovereignty".
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Third Edition, Allan Bullock and Stephen Trombley, Eds. p. 115.
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world history. Reinhard Bendix discusses these distinctions. .
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The foundation of American legitimate authority rests on the
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523:(Emperor, Empress, King, Queen) and Patrimonialism where the
498:
246:
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1794:
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Covell, Charles (9 July 2009). "Rousseau, Kant and Hegel".
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in the American context traces back to the writings of the
299:, or by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his political writings on
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The Genius of the Beast: a radical re-vision of capitalism
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Anthony Giddens, Sociology. London: Polity Press, 1997:581
1939:
1834:
704:
Sovereign kings and queens in the United Kingdom and the
348:
of the right of those above them to give them orders or
1627:
Political Reasons and the Limits of Political Authority
558:
who became one of the most powerful Chief Ministers of
383:
The types of political authority were first defined by
344:. Authority, by contrast, depends on the acceptance by
202:
There have been several contributions to the debate of
1357:
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role is limited by the authorities' power to regulate
1306:
466:. It is that form of authority which depends for its
456:
Weber divided legitimate authority into three types:
1735:
Robert Papazian Essay Prize Competition on Authority
1131:
The Oxford Handbook of the Responsibility to Protect
627:
58:of a person or group over other people. In a civil
1216:
505:(India) are examples of traditional authority. In
226:have provided some of the most influential texts.
1133:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 153.
1118:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 524.
742:and the first chief justice of the United States
3634:
1548:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (1958)
1613:International Journal of Philosophical Studies.
1223:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. p.
1000:Political Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction
1730:International Journal of Philosophical Studies
754:We hold these truths to be self-evident, that
1755:
293:developed by Thomas Hobbes in his 1668 book,
2261:
1524:
1183:. Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press.
1091:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought
1041:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought
340:Power can be exerted by the use of force or
2197:
1116:The Oxford Handbook of American Bureaucracy
371:, suggest a parallel between authority and
363:" (1919) divided legitimate authority into
1762:
1748:
814:rights mandatorily applied by the courts.
760:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
673:United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms
527:of the sole ruler is somewhat modified by
144:understandings of authority trace back to
1128:
748:United States Declaration of Independence
728:, including the arguments put forward in
681:who wrote two political treatises called
420:
1769:
1577:The Oxford Handbook of Political Science
1500:, "Authority in the Twentieth Century."
1437:
310:
237:of political authority, the location of
39:
3345:Reflections on the Revolution in France
1102:
997:(26 June 2003). "Political authority".
197:
27:Legitimate power to decide or authorize
14:
3635:
1708:
1419:
1313:Personality and Individual Differences
1252:Weber's Rationalism and Modern Society
1178:
1143:
1113:
1052:
993:
957:
938:Tripartite classification of authority
746:, and was referenced in the unanimous
519:depending on the sole authority of an
497:in England and the ruling families of
448:Tripartite classification of authority
1743:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1211:
797:of the regulation. The creation of a
460:The first type discussed by Weber is
1036:
1034:
655:
30:Authority (sociology) redirects here
3455:The End of History and the Last Man
3365:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
1720:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1701:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1254:, Palgrave Books 2015, pp. 137–138
1059:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
24:
1604:, "The Notion of Authority" (2014)
1481:
1444:Droit et économie de la régulation
1408:
793:the president was informed with a
493:furnishes an obvious example. The
452:The Three Types of Legitimate Rule
286:The Problem of Political Authority
109:are inaccurate synonyms. The term
82:, each of which has authority and
25:
3679:
1674:
1589:American Political Science Review
1558:New York: Harper & Row (1967)
1391:"The Declaration of Independence"
1031:
628:Children and authority attributes
3425:The Open Society and Its Enemies
1680:
711:
2232:Family as a model for the state
1397:from the original on 2009-08-02
1383:
1348:
1339:
1300:
1276:
1266:
1257:
1250:Tony Waters and Dagmar Waters,
1244:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1172:
535:The third form of authority is
373:respect/reverence for ancestors
3582:Separation of church and state
3480:Collectivism and individualism
3435:The Origins of Totalitarianism
1583:Sebastian De Grazia. (1959). "
1536:Hegel on Freedom and Authority
1290:. Advance online publication.
1288:Cognition, Technology and Work
1181:Hegel on Freedom and Authority
1137:
1122:
1107:
1096:
1084:
1046:
987:
951:
772:president of the United States
578:History has witnessed several
483:The second type of authority,
241:, the balancing of notions of
148:and draw later from Catholic (
51:is commonly understood as the
13:
1:
3622:Category:Political philosophy
3495:Critique of political economy
1727:Four essays published in the
1685:The dictionary definition of
1607:C. Naomi Osorio-Kupferblum: "
1146:Comparative Political Studies
944:
3520:Institutional discrimination
3515:History of political thought
2247:Negative and positive rights
770:Later, speeches by the 16th
306:
7:
3530:Justification for the state
3315:Two Treatises of Government
1644:Der Begriff des Politischen
1609:Conceptualising ‘Authority’
1596:Hannah Arendt: Key Concepts
1158:10.1177/0010414098031004002
817:
10:
3684:
2200:Bellum omnium contra omnes
1568:. London: Macmillan (1972)
1424:. New York: Penguin Books.
1325:10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.018
679:James VI and I of Scotland
445:
424:
136:
35:Authority (disambiguation)
32:
29:
3617:
3467:
3236:
2884:
2617:
2497:
2416:
2328:
2319:
2185:
2019:
1948:
1777:
1420:Guelzo, Allen C. (2012).
1296:10.1007/s10111-011-0191-6
756:all men are created equal
545:of an individual or of a
3405:The Revolt of the Masses
877:List of sociology topics
463:legal-rational authority
411:Rational-legal authority
378:
3385:The Communist Manifesto
2311:Tyranny of the majority
2222:Consent of the governed
1566:Tradition and Authority
1179:Cristi, Renato (2005).
764:consent of the governed
718:consent of the governed
162:elected representatives
2262:
2212:Clash of civilizations
2198:
1696:"Political Obligation"
1667:Politics as a Vocation
1598:(2014), esp. Chapter 8
1562:Carl Joachim Friedrich
1552:Carl Joachim Friedrich
1542:Carl Joachim Friedrich
1525:
847:Authority (management)
768:
566:(as the "Buddha") and
421:Max Weber on authority
389:Politics as a Vocation
361:Politics as a Vocation
317:
291:social contract theory
212:Carl Joachim Friedrich
182:Emile, or On Education
45:
2227:Divine right of kings
1625:Rosen, Arie (2023). "
1585:What Authority Is Not
1520:Józef Maria Bocheński
825:Anti-authoritarianism
795:cost–benefit analysis
791:Reagan administration
752:
731:The Federalist Papers
695:divine right of kings
598:on the one hand, and
570:(as a or the Masiach-
538:charismatic authority
486:traditional authority
405:Charismatic authority
399:Traditional authority
314:
253:to the present. Most
187:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
43:
3375:Democracy in America
2754:political philosophy
2737:political philosophy
2552:political philosophy
2381:political philosophy
2291:Separation of powers
2252:Night-watchman state
2237:Monopoly on violence
1771:Political philosophy
1365:"Country Comparison"
699:apostolic succession
427:Monopoly on violence
231:political philosophy
198:Political philosophy
152:) thought and other
115:political legitimacy
66:may be practiced by
3565:Right-wing politics
3445:A Theory of Justice
3415:The Road to Serfdom
3335:The Social Contract
2042:Christian democracy
1655:Economy and Society
830:Appeal to authority
706:Commonwealth realms
508:Economy and Society
301:the social contract
277:Political anarchism
204:political authority
97:In the exercise of
3658:Political concepts
3577:Political violence
3572:Political theology
3555:Left-wing politics
3550:Political spectrum
1503:Review of Politics
1492:State of Exception
1451:. pp. 35–37.
969:. Wiley. pp.
923:Question authority
908:Political theology
882:Milgram experiment
740:Alexander Hamilton
612:Milgram experiment
568:Yeshua of Nazareth
318:
271:limited government
261:authority. In the
46:
3653:Philosophy of law
3630:
3629:
3540:Philosophy of law
3485:Conflict theories
3325:The Spirit of Law
3232:
3231:
2281:Original position
1709:Christiano, Tom.
1526:Was ist Autorität
1369:Hofstede Insights
1234:978-1-59102-754-6
799:regulatory agency
666:Hofstede Insights
661:Hofstede Insights
656:In social science
638:specialist skills
564:Siddharta Gautama
92:political science
16:(Redirected from
3675:
3545:Political ethics
3535:Machiavellianism
3475:Authoritarianism
3460:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3360:
3350:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3310:
3300:
3290:
3280:
3270:
3260:
3250:
2326:
2325:
2267:
2203:
2193:Balance of power
2167:Social democracy
2162:Social Darwinism
2137:Multiculturalism
2082:Environmentalism
2057:Communitarianism
1764:
1757:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1724:
1715:Zalta, Edward N.
1705:
1684:
1602:Alexandre Kojève
1594:Patrick Hayden,
1572:Robert E. Goodin
1528:
1475:
1474:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1422:Lincoln Speeches
1417:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1304:
1298:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1222:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1019:
1017:
991:
985:
984:
968:
955:
842:Authoritarianism
779:Peoria, Illinois
726:Founding Fathers
722:political powers
580:social movements
521:Absolute Monarch
413:: Also known as
267:Founding Fathers
220:Alexandre Kojève
206:. Among others,
21:
18:Authority figure
3683:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3663:Social concepts
3648:Group processes
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3613:
3602:Totalitarianism
3463:
3458:
3448:
3438:
3428:
3418:
3408:
3398:
3388:
3378:
3368:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3318:
3308:
3298:
3288:
3278:
3275:Treatise on Law
3268:
3258:
3248:
3228:
2886:
2880:
2619:
2613:
2499:
2493:
2412:
2315:
2301:State of nature
2296:Social contract
2276:Ordered liberty
2264:Noblesse oblige
2181:
2015:
1944:
1773:
1768:
1694:
1677:
1591:53(2): 321–331.
1534:Renato Cristi,
1488:Giorgio Agamben
1484:
1482:Further reading
1479:
1478:
1459:
1436:
1429:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1305:
1301:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1177:
1173:
1142:
1138:
1127:
1123:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1032:
1015:
1013:
1011:
992:
988:
981:
956:
952:
947:
942:
903:Petty authority
820:
808:property rights
803:Act of Congress
775:Abraham Lincoln
714:
684:Basilikon Doron
675:
658:
646:social position
630:
454:
446:Main articles:
429:
423:
381:
367:. Others, like
309:
200:
139:
113:identifies the
38:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3681:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3592:Social justice
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3500:Egalitarianism
3497:
3492:
3490:Contractualism
3487:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3451:
3441:
3431:
3421:
3411:
3401:
3391:
3381:
3371:
3361:
3351:
3341:
3331:
3321:
3311:
3301:
3291:
3281:
3271:
3261:
3251:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2286:Overton window
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2117:Libertarianism
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1725:
1706:
1692:
1676:
1675:External links
1673:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1637:
1623:
1618:Gail Radford,
1616:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1581:
1569:
1559:
1549:
1539:
1532:
1517:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1457:
1439:Ferejohn, John
1427:
1407:
1382:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1319:(4): 375–380.
1299:
1275:
1265:
1256:
1243:
1233:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1171:
1152:(4): 423–443.
1136:
1121:
1106:
1095:
1083:
1065:
1045:
1030:
1009:
986:
979:
949:
948:
946:
943:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
913:Power distance
910:
905:
900:
898:Patrimonialism
895:
890:
885:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
852:Authority bias
849:
844:
839:
832:
827:
821:
819:
816:
765:
713:
710:
674:
671:
657:
654:
629:
626:
576:
575:
560:Andhra Pradesh
533:
517:Patrimonialism
472:
471:
422:
419:
387:in his essay "
380:
377:
359:in his essay "
308:
305:
281:Michael Huemer
199:
196:
138:
135:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3680:
3669:
3668:Social ethics
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3525:Jurisprudence
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3355:Rights of Man
3352:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3265:De re publica
3262:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2885:20th and 21st
2883:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2618:18th and 19th
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:Nizam al-Mulk
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
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2498:Early modern
2321:Philosophers
2271:Open society
2207:Body politic
2077:Distributism
2067:Conservatism
2062:Confucianism
1981:Gerontocracy
1971:Dictatorship
1925:Sovereignty
1915:Ruling class
1805:Emancipation
1790:Citizenship
1784:
1728:
1718:
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1633:
1631:Legal Theory
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620:
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536:
525:divine right
506:
484:
476:constitution
473:
461:
455:
435:
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415:bureaucratic
409:
403:
397:
392:
382:
369:Howard Bloom
354:
346:subordinates
339:
325:
319:
295:
284:
283:in his book
275:
259:governmental
235:jurisdiction
229:In European
228:
224:Carl Schmitt
201:
191:David Laitin
180:
174:
140:
130:
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110:
106:
102:
101:, the terms
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83:
78:branches of
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3379:(1835–1840)
3259:(c. 350 BC)
3249:(c. 375 BC)
2866:Tocqueville
2831:Saint-Simon
2796:Montesquieu
2647:Bolingbroke
2579:Machiavelli
2459:Ibn Khaldun
2424:Alpharabius
2417:Middle Ages
2242:Natural law
2217:Common good
2142:Nationalism
2102:Imperialism
2072:Corporatism
2047:Colonialism
2027:Agrarianism
2006:Technocracy
1986:Meritocracy
1966:Bureaucracy
1956:Aristocracy
1711:"Authority"
1636:(1): 63–88.
1514:On Violence
812:due process
584:revolutions
552:NT Rama Rao
365:three types
239:sovereignty
170:legitimated
166:sovereignty
154:traditional
68:legislative
3637:Categories
3587:Separatism
3395:On Liberty
3295:The Prince
3024:Huntington
2527:Campanella
2454:al-Ghazali
2403:Thucydides
2361:Lactantius
2306:Statolatry
2132:Monarchism
2112:Liberalism
2037:Capitalism
2020:Ideologies
2001:Plutocracy
1949:Government
1905:Revolution
1890:Propaganda
1840:Legitimacy
1815:Government
1467:7292576035
1449:Cairn.info
1401:2009-07-27
945:References
933:Soft power
918:Protection
893:Patriarchy
872:Legitimacy
857:Discipline
836:Auctoritas
783:Republican
604:persuasion
600:leadership
513:Patriarchy
468:legitimacy
440:domination
436:Herrschaft
425:See also:
393:Herrschaft
350:directives
330:legitimate
255:democratic
99:governance
80:government
53:legitimate
3643:Authority
3305:Leviathan
3285:Monarchia
3279:(c. 1274)
3114:Oakeshott
3059:Mansfield
3054:Luxemburg
3039:Kropotkin
2934:Bernstein
2887:centuries
2801:Nietzsche
2744:Jefferson
2672:Condorcet
2620:centuries
2599:Pufendorf
2464:Marsilius
2351:Confucius
2336:Aristotle
2329:Antiquity
2257:Noble lie
2177:Third Way
2172:Socialism
2097:Feudalism
2052:Communism
2032:Anarchism
2011:Theocracy
1996:Oligarchy
1976:Democracy
1961:Autocracy
1875:Pluralism
1860:Obedience
1825:Hierarchy
1785:Authority
1733:from the
1688:authority
1662:Max Weber
1650:Max Weber
1546:Authority
1333:0191-8869
1166:146736449
928:Sociology
862:Feudalism
642:knowledge
608:influence
503:Rajasthan
432:Max Weber
385:Max Weber
357:Max Weber
326:authority
322:sociology
307:Sociology
296:Leviathan
251:Aristotle
150:Thomistic
127:authority
125:; hence,
123:obedience
111:authority
103:authority
88:sociology
72:executive
64:authority
49:Authority
3560:Centrism
3255:Politics
3245:Republic
3214:Voegelin
3194:Spengler
3179:Shariati
3154:Rothbard
3109:Nussbaum
3009:Habermas
2984:Fukuyama
2974:Foucault
2899:Ambedkar
2876:Voltaire
2846:de Staël
2821:Rousseau
2702:Franklin
2677:Constant
2637:Beccaria
2469:Muhammad
2449:Gelasius
2434:Averroes
2408:Xenophon
2388:Polybius
2341:Chanakya
2186:Concepts
2152:Populism
2122:Localism
2107:Islamism
2092:Feminism
1991:Monarchy
1895:Property
1885:Progress
1850:Monopoly
1820:Hegemony
1611:". In:
1471:Archived
1395:Archived
1215:(2010).
961:(1999).
867:Fidelity
818:See also
744:John Jay
588:coercion
543:charisma
491:monarchs
342:violence
158:Cambodia
76:judicial
3597:Statism
3510:Elitism
3468:Related
3269:(51 BC)
3199:Strauss
3174:Scruton
3169:Schmitt
3159:Russell
3079:Michels
3074:Maurras
3069:Marcuse
3029:Kautsky
2999:Gramsci
2994:Gentile
2964:Dworkin
2954:Du Bois
2949:Dmowski
2944:Chomsky
2939:Burnham
2924:Benoist
2894:Agamben
2861:Thoreau
2851:Stirner
2841:Spencer
2786:Mazzini
2776:Maistre
2771:Madison
2766:Le Play
2697:Fourier
2662:Carlyle
2642:Bentham
2632:Bastiat
2627:Bakunin
2604:Spinoza
2594:Müntzer
2564:Leibniz
2537:Grotius
2517:Bossuet
2484:Plethon
2429:Aquinas
2398:Sun Tzu
2366:Mencius
2356:Han Fei
2127:Marxism
2087:Fascism
1920:Society
1845:Liberty
1830:Justice
1810:Freedom
1717:(ed.).
572:Messiah
328:is the
316:class).
243:freedom
142:Ancient
137:History
129:is the
3459:(1992)
3449:(1971)
3439:(1951)
3429:(1945)
3419:(1944)
3409:(1929)
3399:(1859)
3389:(1848)
3369:(1820)
3359:(1791)
3349:(1790)
3339:(1762)
3329:(1748)
3319:(1689)
3309:(1651)
3299:(1532)
3289:(1313)
3219:Walzer
3209:Taylor
3164:Sartre
3129:Popper
3124:Pareto
3119:Ortega
3104:Nozick
3094:Mouffe
3044:Laclau
3004:Guénon
2989:Gandhi
2929:Berlin
2919:Bauman
2914:Badiou
2904:Arendt
2871:Tucker
2761:Le Bon
2722:Herder
2712:Haller
2707:Godwin
2692:Fichte
2687:Engels
2682:Cortés
2652:Bonald
2609:Suárez
2584:Milton
2574:Luther
2547:Hobbes
2532:Filmer
2522:Calvin
2507:Boétie
2500:period
2479:Ockham
2346:Cicero
2147:Nazism
1935:Utopia
1910:Rights
1900:Regime
1870:People
1855:Nation
1670:(1919)
1658:(1922)
1646:(1932)
1622:(2013)
1580:(2011)
1574:(ed),
1538:(2005)
1531:(1974)
1516:(1970)
1506:(1956)
1494:(2005)
1465:
1455:
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888:Morale
644:, and
634:status
547:leader
529:feudal
233:, the
177:Geneva
74:, and
3608:Index
3237:Works
3224:Weber
3189:Spann
3184:Sorel
3149:Röpke
3144:Rawls
3099:Negri
3089:Mosca
3084:Mises
3049:Lenin
3019:Hoppe
3014:Hayek
2979:Fromm
2969:Evola
2959:Dugin
2856:Taine
2836:Smith
2816:Renan
2811:Paine
2732:Iqbal
2717:Hegel
2667:Comte
2657:Burke
2569:Locke
2559:James
2512:Bodin
2444:Dante
2439:Bruni
2393:Shang
2376:Plato
1930:State
1880:Power
1865:Peace
1800:Elite
1778:Terms
1713:. In
1375:3 Nov
1162:S2CID
971:22–23
596:power
592:force
499:Mewar
379:Types
335:power
247:Plato
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119:power
107:power
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2791:Mill
2781:Marx
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2371:Mozi
1795:Duty
1463:OCLC
1453:ISBN
1377:2021
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