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Political science

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simultaneous increase in the total correlation between the 19 major public fears in the Ukrainian society (by about 64%) and in their statistical dispersion (by 29%) during the pre-crisis years. A feature shared by certain major revolutions is that they were not predicted. The theory of apparent inevitability of crises and revolutions was also developed.
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The theory of political transitions, and the methods of analyzing and anticipating crises, form an important part of political science. Several general indicators of crises and methods were proposed for anticipating critical transitions. Among them, one statistical indicator of crisis, a simultaneous
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theories argue that humans have evolved a highly developed set of psychological mechanisms for dealing with politics. However, these mechanisms evolved for dealing with the small group politics that characterized the ancestral environment and not the much larger political structures in today's world.
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The advent of political science as a university discipline was marked by the creation of university departments and chairs with the title of political science arising in the late 19th century. The designation "political scientist" is commonly used to denote someone with a doctorate or master's degree
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in political science was introduced as a reaction against what supporters of the movement called the mathematicization of political science. Those who identified with the movement argued for a plurality of methodologies and approaches in political science and for more relevance of the discipline to
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theses, such as by making specific policy recommendations. The study of politics and policies can be closely connected—for example, in comparative analyses of which types of political institutions tend to produce certain types of policies. Political science provides analysis and predictions about
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formal modelling techniques aimed at generating a more analytical corpus of knowledge in the discipline. This period saw a surge of research that borrowed theory and methods from economics to study political institutions, such as the United States Congress, as well as political behavior, such as
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in large groups, was proposed for crisis anticipation and may be successfully used in various areas. Its applicability for early diagnosis of political crises was demonstrated by the analysis of the prolonged stress period preceding the 2014 Ukrainian economic and political crisis. There was a
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In the 1950s and the 1960s, a behavioral revolution stressing the systematic and rigorously scientific study of individual and group behavior swept the discipline. A focus on studying political behavior, rather than institutions or interpretation of legal texts, characterized early behavioral
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The study of major crises, both political crises and external crises that can affect politics, is not limited to attempts to predict regime transitions or major changes in political institutions. Political scientists also study how governments handle unexpected disasters, and how voters in
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and history. Into the late 19th century, it was still uncommon for political science to be considered a distinct field from history. The term "political science" was not always distinguished from political philosophy, and the modern discipline has a clear set of antecedents including moral
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once said "We are limited by the impossibility of experiment. Politics is an observational, not an experimental science." Because of this, political scientists have historically observed political elites, institutions, and individual or group behaviour in order to identify patterns, draw
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Political scientists may serve as advisers to specific politicians, or even run for office as politicians themselves. Political scientists can be found working in governments, in political parties, or as civil servants. They may be involved with
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As part of a UNESCO initiative to promote political science in the late 1940s, the International Political Science Association was founded in 1949, as well as national associations in France in 1949, Britain in 1950, and West Germany in 1951.
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from economics and other social phenomena. APSA membership rose from 204 in 1904 to 1,462 in 1915. APSA members played a key role in setting up political science departments that were distinct from history, philosophy, law, sociology, and
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Empirical political science methods include the use of field experiments, surveys and survey experiments, case studies, process tracing, historical and institutional analysis, ethnography, participant observation, and interview research.
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Like all social sciences, political science faces the difficulty of observing human actors that can only be partially observed and who have the capacity for making conscious choices, unlike other subjects, such as non-human organisms in
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Political scientists also use and develop theoretical tools like game theory and agent-based models to study a host of political systems and situations. Other approaches include the study of equation-based models and opinion dynamics.
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and in particular those that have a strong cooperation between research, undergraduate, and graduate faculty with a stronger more applied emphasis in public administration, political science would be taught by the university's
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political and governmental issues. Political scientists examine the processes, systems and political dynamics of countries and regions of the world, often to raise public awareness or to influence specific governments.
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Tronconi, Filippo, and Isabelle Engeli. "The networked researcher, the editorial manager, and the traveller: the profiles of international political scientists and the determinants of internationalisation".
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Despite considerable research progress in the discipline based on all types of scholarship discussed above, scholars have noted that progress toward systematic theory has been modest and uneven.
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Political scientists approach the study of politics from a host of different ontological orientations and with a variety of different tools. Because political science is essentially a study of
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covering public policy along with other applied subjects; they are often seen as more linked to politics than any other discipline, which may be reflected by being housed in that department.
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implies a broader approach, although the naming of degree courses does not necessarily reflect their content. Separate, specialized or, in some cases, professional degree programs in
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are common at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, although most but not all undergraduate level education in these sub-fields of political science is generally found in
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in the field. Integrating political studies of the past into a unified discipline is ongoing, and the history of political science has provided a rich field for the growth of both
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defined political science as "the science of the state. Taken in this sense, it includes the organization and functions of the state, and the relation of states one to another."
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Raadschelders, Jos CN, and Kwang‐Hoon Lee. "Trends in the study of public administration: Empirical and qualitative observations from Public Administration Review, 2000–2009."
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Political science, possibly like the social sciences as a whole, can be described "as a discipline which lives on the fault line between the 'two cultures' in the academy, the
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Berlin, Mark Stephen, and Anum Pasha Syed. "The Middle East and North Africa in Political Science Scholarship: Analyzing Publication Patterns in Leading Journals, 1990–2019".
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International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 1, Special Issue on International Crisis: Progress and Prospects for Applied Forecasting and Management (March 1977), pp. 15–38
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are connected to political phenomena. In these cases, political science may either inherit their methods of study or develop a contrasting approach. For example,
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Peez, Anton. "Contributions and blind spots of constructivist norms research in international relations, 1980–2018: A systematic evidence and gap analysis".
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As a social science, contemporary political science started to take shape in the latter half of the 19th century and began to separate itself from political
2603: 4451: 3254: 959: 2937:…although one might allege the same for social science as a whole, political scientists receive funding from and play an active role in both the 5763: 6034: 6024: 3232:
Kostova, Dobrinka, et al. "Determinants and Diversity of Internationalisation in Political Science: The Role of National Policy Incentives".
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Political science may overlap with topics of study that are the traditional focuses of other social sciences—for example, when sociological
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Breuning, Marijke, Joseph Bredehoft, and Eugene Walton. "Promise and performance: an evaluation of journals in International Relations."
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Hunger, Sophia, and Fred Paxton. "What's in a buzzword? A systematic review of the state of populism research in political science".
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Zaks, Sherry (July 2017). "Relationships Among Rivals (RAR): A Framework for Analyzing Contending Hypotheses in Process Tracing".
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Garand, James C., and Micheal W. Giles. "Journals in the discipline: a report on a new survey of American political scientists".
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The most common piece of academic writing in generalist political sciences is the research paper, which investigates an original
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than elsewhere while universities predating the 1960s or those historically influenced by them would call the field of study
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Alter, Karen J., et al. "Gender and status in American political science: Who determines whether a scholar is noteworthy?."
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and power, and the analysis of political activities, political institutions, political thought and behavior, and associated
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Farewell - peace and justice? : a look back at (my) half a century of political science in times of the Ukraine crisis
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theses (which attempt to describe how things are, as opposed to how they should be) by analysing politics; others advance
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Political theorists approach theories of political phenomena with a similar diversity of positions and tools, including
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The main national honor society for college and university students of government and politics in the United States is
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Brodkin, Evelyn Z. (January 2017). "The Ethnographic Turn in Political Science: Reflections on the State of the Art".
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offer BA programs in political science. MA or MAT and PhD or EdD programs are common at larger universities. The term
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Political scientists may provide the frameworks from which journalists, special interest groups, politicians, and the
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Political scientists may study political phenomena within one specific country. For example, they may study just the
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For a globally visible political science in the 21st Century. Bibliometric analyses and strategic consequences
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Nahomi Ichino; Noah L. Nathan (May 2013). "Crossing the Line: Local Ethnic Geography and Voting in Ghana".
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Nisonger, Thomas E. "Journals of the Century in Political Science and International Relations". in
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political science, with each part of the discipline sharing some historical predecessors. The
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Mahoney, James (2 March 2012). "The Logic of Process Tracing Tests in the Social Sciences".
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Observatory of International Research (OOIR): Latest Papers and Trends in Political Science
2920: 2705: 2206: 1512: 1469: 1359: 1342: 1324: 1305: 992: 872: 752: 736: 728: 678: 670: 429: 300: 290: 275: 202: 120: 2070:(in Indonesian). Indonesian Political Science Association. 25 October 2013. Archived from 8: 6641: 6410: 6398: 6355: 5965: 5923: 5877: 5791: 5731: 5472: 5088: 4913: 4787: 4724: 4709: 4338: 4332: 4258: 4173: 4118: 3993: 3858: 3804: 3673: 3319: 1426: 1354: 541: 451: 305: 207: 157: 95: 3475: 3332:—— (1958) The Study of Judicial Decision-Making as an Aspect of Political Behavior – 2728: 2709: 2693: 2210: 6606: 5945: 5933: 5928: 5884: 5834: 5691: 5670: 5665: 5199: 5018: 4943: 4714: 4503: 4493: 4283: 3848: 3706: 3607: 3333: 3323: 3010: 2774: 2674: 2585: 2517: 2482: 2407: 2344: 2273: 2222: 2196: 1814: 1748: 1701: 1501: 1278: 1066: 941: 807:
was established in 1886 by the Academy of Political Science. In the inaugural issue of
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has argued that political science's approach to the idea of culture, originating with
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were founded in 1903 and 1906, respectively, in an effort to distinguish the study of
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State and Peasant in Contemporary China: The Political Economy of Village Government
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democracies react to their governments' preparations for and responses to crises.
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Modern political science can generally be divided into the three sub-disciplines:
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Benjamin Ginsberg; Theodore J. Lowi; Margaret Weir; et al. (December 2012).
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Institute for Comparative Research in Human and Social Sciences (ICR) in Japan
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Political Science Is for Everybody : An Introduction to Political Science
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Political science is a social study concerning the allocation and transfer of
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Weber, Erik, et al. "Thinking about laws in political science (and beyond)".
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The late 1960s and early 1970s witnessed a takeoff in the use of deductive,
6611: 6546: 6498: 6493: 6425: 6302: 6297: 5415: 5224: 5129: 4993: 4822: 4807: 4533: 4143: 4083: 3831: 3789: 2819: 2737: 2304:"Sparks and prairie fires: A theory of unanticipated political revolution." 1350: 1301: 1172: 1098: 812: 748: 744: 705: 659: 167: 4429: 3648: 2657:
Fiorina, Morris P. (February 1975). "Formal Models in Political Science".
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Michael Bang Petersen. "The evolutionary psychology of mass politics". In
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Making Political Science Matter: Debating Knowledge, Research, and Method
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Political scientists look at a variety of data, including constitutions,
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The Performance of Democracies: Political Institutions and Public Policy
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and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought,
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thought, political scientists are also marked by a great concern for "
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pluralism is a defining feature of contemporary political science.
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Karl W. Deutsch: Pioneer in the Theory of International Relations
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diverse and appropriates many methods originating in psychology,
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This is argued to explain many important features and systematic
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The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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PROL: Political Science Research Online (prepublished research)
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Allgemeine Staatslehre, Politikwissenschaft (Political Science)
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The challenge of politics: an introduction to political science
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Rulers and Ruled: An Introduction to Classical Political Theory
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powered by Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 February 2020"
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powered by Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 February 2020"
1493:– structured list of political topics, arranged by subject area 732: 534: 476: 374: 3548: 3186:
Hochschild, Jennifer L. "Race and Class in Political Science"
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Political science is a social science dealing with systems of
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This article is about the field of study. For other uses, see
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Rybnikov, S.R.; Rybnikova, N.A.; Portnov, B.A. (March 2017).
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Gorban, A.N.; Smirnova, E.V.; Tyukina, T.A. (August 2010).
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and specific policies by examining many factors, including
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International Association for Political Science Students
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Perestroika!: The Raucous Rebellion in Political Science
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is a national honor society specifically designated for
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Geschichte der Staatsideen (History of political Ideas)
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Power and choice: An introduction to political science
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Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.
3511: 3342:—— (1959) Quantitative Analysis of Judicial Behavior 3255:"Ten Things Political Scientists Know that You Don't" 2537:"Historical institutionalism in comparative politics" 2327:(2009). "Myopic Voters and Natural Disaster Policy". 2313:
Public Choice, Vol. 61, No. 1 (April 1989), pp. 41–74
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Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications
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A world map distinguishing countries of the world as
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Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science
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Ten Things Political Scientists Know that You Don't
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Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics.
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We the People: An Introduction to American Politics
1571:(Fifth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3549:IPSAPortal: Top 300 websites for Political Science 3406:Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science 2792:Nicole F. Bernier; Carole Clavier (1 March 2011). 2049: 5666:Cabinet department / Office of the prime minister 3125:Race and the Making of American Political Science 2429:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. February 2020. 1230:generalizations, and build theories of politics. 6692: 3692: 3219:The State of Political Science in Western Europe 1843:Kim Quaile Hill, "In Search of General Theory", 1049:, the roles and systems of governance including 3111:International Encyclopedia of Political Science 1899:Roberts, S.C. (2011). Roberts, S. Craig (ed.). 1795:"Introduction: The Domain of Political Science" 1341:." Thus, in most American colleges, especially 836:, and in the collaboration between sociologist 3606: 3212:The Fundamentals of Political Science Research 3205:Political Science: The State of the Discipline 2602:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 2056:. University of California Press. p. xvi. 823:Behavioral revolution and new institutionalism 6170: 5591: 5517:Autonomous types of first-tier administration 4445: 3737: 3495: 620: 3366: 3214:Third ed., Cambridge University Press, 2018. 2631: 2103:American Economic Review. 2001 Sep 1:938–63. 1085:. Some political scientists seek to advance 4459: 3517:International Political Science Association 3221:(Opladen: Barbara Budrich Publisher 2007). 3079:(November 2006). APSR Centennial Volume of 3034:. University Press of America. p. 77. 3027: 2913:"Political Science and Political Education" 2749: 2747: 2365:; Green, Donald; et al., eds. (2011). 1945: 1943: 1126: 6177: 6163: 5712:Assistant minister/Parliamentary secretary 5598: 5584: 4452: 4438: 3744: 3730: 3618:. UK: University of Oxford. Archived from 3502:European Consortium for Political Research 3416:Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 3157:Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder, eds. 2159:Scheffer M., Carpenter S.R., Lenton T.M., 1980: 1950:Maddocks, Krysten Godfrey (26 June 2020). 1273:, historical analysis associated with the 627: 613: 3384:Taylor, C. L., & Russett, B. M. Eds.. 3345:Shively, W. Phillips, and David Schultz. 2809: 2727: 2717: 2552: 2200: 1909:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.001.0001 1482:– alphabetical list of political subjects 1101:analyze issues. According to Chaturvedy, 979:Main sub-disciplines of political science 3244:Theory and Methods in Political Science. 3181:The Oxford Handbook of Political Science 3140:Frickel, Scott. "Political scientists". 2744: 2369:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1949: 1940: 1718: 1561: 1122:firms often employ political scientists. 860:were the main proponents of this shift. 784: 3532:Political Studies Association of the UK 3352:Simon, Douglas W., and Joseph Romance. 3265:Political Science: A Global Perspective 3164:Goodin, R.E.; Klingemann, Hans-Dieter. 3127:University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. 2980: 2832: 2656: 2634:Interview Research in Political Science 2567: 2464: 2439: 2173:Science. 2012 Oct 19; 338(6105):344–48. 1898: 1675: 856:and his colleagues and students at the 6693: 3537:Southern Political Science Association 3210:Kellstedt, Paul M, and Guy D Whitten. 3195:Political Science Research and Methods 3161:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007) 2950: 2910: 2904: 2892:from the original on 25 September 2021 2841:, New York: Routledge, pp. 1–25, 2753: 2616: 2534: 2068:"Sekelumit Prof. Dr. Miriam Budiardjo" 1984:Political Governance: Political theory 1962:from the original on 25 September 2021 1952:"What is Political Science All About?" 1931: 1347:school or college of arts and sciences 1223:American Political Science Association 1161: 769:American Political Science Association 731:is primarily defined by a concern for 6158: 5579: 4433: 4420: 3725: 3663: 3527:Midwest Political Science Association 3246:Fourth ed., Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. 3048:from the original on 4 September 2015 2943:National Endowment for the Humanities 2833:Schmidt, Diane E. (14 January 2019), 2759:The American Political Science Review 2659:American Journal of Political Science 2258:Psychology & Developing Societies 2111: 2109: 2001:from the original on 4 September 2015 1792: 1768:"How to Become a Political Scientist" 1638: 1217:methods are increasingly common (see 828:political science, including work by 6667: 4375: 3542: 3316:. (New York University Press, 2006). 3149:PS: Political Science & Politics 3106:. University of Toronto Press, 2021. 2694:"Cross-border political competition" 2570:PS: Political Science & Politics 2499: 2164:"Anticipating critical transitions." 2094:"A theory of political transitions." 1825:from the original on 18 January 2022 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 6184: 5671:Speaker / President of the assembly 3751: 3634: 3577: 3274:(Routledge, 2019) pp. 271–288. 3168:. (Oxford University Press, 1996). 3166:A New Handbook of Political Science 2467:Sociological Methods & Research 1891: 1879:from the original on 20 August 2020 1353:. 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(22 February 2008). 2863:from the original on 3 April 2022 2392:American Political Science Review 2329:American Political Science Review 2284:from the original on 3 April 2022 2233:from the original on 3 April 2022 2128:American Political Science Review 1774:from the original on 27 June 2018 1623: 1593: 1345:, it would be located within the 774:American Political Science Review 495:Biology and political orientation 6666: 6655: 6654: 6139: 6138: 6128: 6127: 4398: 4387: 4374: 4363: 4362: 3468: 3188:Michigan Journal of Race and Law 3183:. Oxford University Press, 2011. 3031:Graduate education in government 2981:DiSalvo, Daniel (1 April 2013). 1737:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00740.x 1641:"A History of Political Science" 1454: 1304:and exemplified by authors like 986:Domestic politics and government 965: 958: 947: 940: 929: 922: 911: 904: 596: 5462:Social and political philosophy 4317:List of social science journals 3021: 2874: 2826: 2785: 2685: 2650: 2625: 2610: 2561: 2554:10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.369 2528: 2493: 2458: 2433: 2418: 2383: 2355: 2316: 2296: 2245: 2176: 2153: 2133: 2086: 2060: 2038: 2013: 1974: 1925: 1901:Applied Evolutionary Psychology 1865:. Yale University Press. 2005. 1853: 1682:. University of Toronto Press. 866: 720:philosophy, political economy, 5807:Ministry of trade and industry 5298:Political history of the world 4421: 4274:Science and technology studies 2798:Health Promotion International 2621:. University of Chicago Press. 2444:. Cambridge University Press. 2024:. W. W. Norton & Company. 1837: 1786: 1759: 1712: 1669: 1555: 1525: 1497:Political history of the world 1373:is more popular in post-1960s 1219:experimental political science 1114:. Private enterprises such as 1108:non-governmental organizations 490:Theories of political behavior 116:Political history of the world 1: 6454:Needle and syringe programmes 6308:Universal access to education 5961:Ministry of religious affairs 3260:: Vol. 8: Iss. 3, Article 12. 3249:Noel, Hans (2010-10-14 | DOI 3217:Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, ed. 2956:See, e.g., the department of 2617:Cramer, Katherine J. (2016). 2442:States and Social Revolutions 1518: 1421:. Master's-level programs in 1133:politics of the United States 1061:. It measures the success of 505:Critique of political economy 5303:History of political thought 3440:Zippelius, Reinhold (2010). 3421:Zippelius, Reinhold (2003). 3289:Public Administration Review 3279:International Studies Review 3118:International Studies Review 3028:Vernardakis, George (1998). 2839:Writing in Political Science 2719:10.1371/journal.pone.0297731 2636:. Cornell University Press. 2427:Oxford Research Encyclopedia 2115:Lowell, A. Lawrence. 1910. " 1491:Outline of political science 1475:History of political science 1329:College of Arts and Sciences 1318: 691:History of political science 86:Outline of political science 16:Scientific study of politics 7: 6537:Publicly funded health care 5976:Ministry of social security 5857:Ministry of water resources 5737:Ministry of foreign affairs 5606:Common types of government 3371:, Nova Science Publishers, 2939:National Science Foundation 2219:10.1016/j.physa.2010.03.035 2092:Acemoglu D., Robinson J.A. 1903:. Oxford University Press. 1799:Political Science Quarterly 1676:Zeitlin, Irving M. (1997). 1509:– lists of political topics 1447: 1417:within a political science 1057:, political behaviour, and 1055:international organizations 891: 840:and public opinion scholar 809:Political Science Quarterly 804:Political Science Quarterly 642:is the scientific study of 10: 6717: 6009:Minister without portfolio 5971:Ministry of social affairs 5802:Ministry of infrastructure 3496:Professional organizations 3397:European Political Science 3304:(14th ed. Pearson, 2020). 3263:Morlino, Leonardo, et al. 3234:European Political Science 3153:available from the authors 2632:Layna Mosley, ed. (2013). 2619:The Politics of Resentment 2584:(inactive 9 August 2024). 2117:The Physiology of Politics 1936:. Oxford University Press. 1932:Roller, Edeltraud (2005). 1645:Cambridge University Press 1480:Index of politics articles 1322: 1187: 981:, from top left to right: 688: 684: 91:Index of politics articles 25: 18: 6650: 6594: 6562:National health insurance 6527: 6514:Supervised injection site 6424: 6374: 6321: 6215: 6192: 6123: 6060:Communications ministries 6017: 6001: 5865: 5820: 5772: 5720: 5684: 5618: 5546: 5539: 5398: 5340: 5288: 5281: 5249: 5242: 5182: 5175: 5110: 5101: 4984: 4977: 4891: 4760: 4547: 4509:National unity government 4471: 4427: 4358: 4325: 4309: 4056: 3782: 3759: 3637:"Politics Research Guide" 2999:10.1007/s12115-013-9631-7 2771:10.1017/S0003055402000400 2582:10.1017/S1049096516002298 2535:Thelen, Kathleen (1999). 2404:10.1017/S0003055412000664 2341:10.1017/S0003055409990104 1987:. Isha Books. p. 4. 1981:Chaturvedy, J.C. (2005). 1367:colleges and universities 1271:feminist political theory 695: 6557:Single-payer health care 6366:Universal basic services 6313:Universal basic services 6055:Climate change ministers 5956:Ministry of home affairs 4939:Environmental regulation 4745:Representative democracy 3703:Texas A&M University 3554:27 February 2015 at the 3203:Katznelson, Ira, et al. 3109:Badie, Bertrand, et al. 3096:18.4 (2020): 1048–1067. 3094:Perspectives on Politics 2479:10.1177/0049124112437709 2270:10.1177/0971333616689398 2169:4 September 2020 at the 1725:Social Science Quarterly 1127:Country-specific studies 650:dealing with systems of 6258:Public good (economics) 6144:Ministries by portfolio 6115:Public works ministries 5847:Ministry of electricity 5787:Ministry of the economy 5661:Office of the president 5004:Uncodified constitution 4529:Administrative division 3962:international relations 3272:Journals of the Century 2847:10.4324/9781351252843-1 2440:Skocpol, Theda (1979). 1850:(October 2012), 917–31. 1486:International relations 1415:academic concentrations 1403:international relations 1393:implies the use of the 1242:, chemical elements in 1000:International relations 881:evolutionary psychology 858:University of Rochester 743:" and the contemporary 675:international relations 500:Political organisations 263:International relations 101:Politics by subdivision 6080:Environment ministries 6050:Agriculture ministries 6045:Presidents of assembly 6040:Deputy prime ministers 4289:Quantum social science 3693:University Libraries. 3588:University of Michigan 3281:24.1 (2022): viab055. 3179:Goodin, Robert E, ed. 3151:36.2 (2003): 293–308. 2919:), San Jose Marriott, 1793:Smith, Munroe (1886). 1719:Sigelman, Lee (2010). 1124: 798: 6406:Public infrastructure 6243:Public administration 6228:Free-culture movement 6075:Environment ministers 5981:Minister for Veterans 5852:Ministry of Petroleum 5812:Ministry of transport 5651:Deputy First Minister 5641:Deputy prime minister 5495:aspects of capitalism 5411:History of philosophy 4909:Unemployment benefits 4645:Military dictatorship 4326:Other categorizations 4179:International studies 4164:History of technology 4099:Communication studies 3982:public administration 3418:52.1 (2022): 199–222. 3367:Tausch, Arno (2023), 3190:, 2005 11(1): 99–114. 3134:6.4 (2005): 447–461. 3120:24.3 (2022): viac027. 3102:Atchison, Amy L, ed. 2963:19 March 2009 at the 2811:10.1093/heapro/daq079 2309:9 August 2020 at the 2146:9 August 2020 at the 2122:9 August 2020 at the 2099:9 August 2020 at the 1706:10.3138/9781442679498 1688:10.3138/9781442679498 1653:10.1017/9781009043458 1442:public administration 1423:public administration 1411:public administration 1355:research universities 1343:liberal arts colleges 1323:Further information: 1279:Straussian approaches 1194:Political science is 1190:Political methodology 1103: 1028:Public administration 1021:Political methodology 888:of current politics. 876:those outside of it. 788: 727:Generally, classical 580:Political campaigning 320:Public administration 153:Collective leadership 6070:Education ministries 5907:Information minister 5842:Environment minister 5742:Immigration minister 5429:Political ideologies 4705:Parliamentary system 4159:Historical sociology 3645:Princeton University 3404:Van Evera, Stephen. 3291:71.1 (2011): 19–33. 3207:. W.W. Norton, 2002. 2921:San Jose, California 2074:on 29 September 2020 1639:Bevir, Mark (2022). 1568:Comparative politics 1513:Political philosophy 1470:Comparative politics 1427:professional degrees 1360:public policy school 1325:Public policy school 1306:Samuel P. Huntington 1209:, in all aspects of 993:Comparative politics 873:Perestroika Movement 753:structure and agency 729:political philosophy 671:comparative politics 430:Separation of powers 301:Political psychology 276:Comparative politics 254:political scientists 241:Academic disciplines 121:Political philosophy 6642:Public viewing area 6411:Public water system 6399:Municipal broadband 6356:Public broadcasting 5966:Ministry of science 5924:Ministry of justice 5917:Ministry of housing 5878:Ministry of culture 5792:Ministry of finance 5732:Ministry of defence 5551:Forms of government 5484:Conservatism navbox 5089:Legislative council 4914:National healthcare 4788:Christian democracy 4710:Presidential system 4565:Countries by system 4339:Geisteswissenschaft 4333:Behavioral sciences 4259:Political sociology 4174:Information science 4119:Development studies 3695:"Political Science" 3674:Syracuse University 3666:"Political Science" 3622:on 18 February 2014 3612:"Political Science" 3580:"Political Science" 3444:, 16th ed. 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595: 590: 589: 520: 519: 510: 509: 467: 466: 457: 456: 425: 424: 415: 414: 410:Public interest 395:Domestic policy 385: 378: 377: 366: 365: 330: 323: 322: 311: 310: 272: 265: 258: 251: 243: 242: 233: 232: 138: 137: 126: 125: 81: 80: 71: 40:Politics series 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6714: 6704: 6703: 6686: 6685: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6664: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6617:Public holiday 6614: 6609: 6604: 6598: 6596: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6588: 6586:Youth services 6583: 6582: 6581: 6576: 6574:Social pension 6566: 6565: 6564: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6542:Public housing 6539: 6533: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6484:Public library 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6449:Infrastructure 6446: 6444:Free education 6441: 6436: 6430: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6402: 6401: 6391: 6386: 6380: 6378: 6376:Public utility 6372: 6371: 6369: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6349:Savings system 6344:Postal service 6341: 6336: 6331: 6325: 6323: 6322:Basic services 6319: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6238:Product sample 6235: 6233:Free newspaper 6230: 6225: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6182: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6159: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6136: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6021: 6019: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5926: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5909: 5904: 5903: 5902: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5881: 5880: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5838: 5837: 5826: 5824: 5821:Environment / 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5778: 5776: 5775:infrastructure 5770: 5769: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5755: 5754: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5728: 5726: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5709: 5707:Undersecretary 5704: 5699: 5694: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5646:First minister 5643: 5638: 5636:Prime minister 5633: 5631:Vice president 5628: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5603: 5602: 5595: 5588: 5580: 5571: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5547: 5541: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5522: 5511: 5500: 5489: 5478: 5467: 5456: 5445: 5434: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5385:European Union 5382: 5380:United Nations 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5264:Urban planning 5261: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5183: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5034:Prime minister 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4959:Traffic lights 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4878:Theoreticians: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4863:Fundamentalism 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4828:Egalitarianism 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4707: 4702: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4468: 4457: 4456: 4449: 4442: 4434: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4408: 4396: 4384: 4372: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4335: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4313: 4311: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4245: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4222:social science 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4154:Global studies 4151: 4149:Gender studies 4146: 4141: 4140: 4139: 4134: 4132:social science 4128:Environmental 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4069: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4050: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3986: 3985: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3942: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3910: 3909: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3841: 3840: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3827:macroeconomics 3824: 3822:microeconomics 3814: 3813: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3749: 3748: 3741: 3734: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3690: 3680:on 8 July 2014 3661: 3643:. New Jersey: 3632: 3604: 3594:on 7 July 2014 3573: 3572:Library guides 3570: 3569: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3497: 3494: 3474: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3462:External links 3460: 3458: 3457: 3454:978-3406603426 3438: 3419: 3412: 3402: 3399:(2022): 1–14. 3392: 3382: 3377: 3364: 3357: 3350: 3343: 3340: 3330: 3317: 3308: 3295: 3285: 3275: 3268: 3261: 3247: 3240: 3236:(2022): 1–14. 3230: 3227:978-3866490451 3215: 3208: 3201: 3197:(2021): 1–17. 3191: 3184: 3177: 3162: 3155: 3145: 3138: 3128: 3121: 3114: 3107: 3100: 3090: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3062: 3041:978-0761811718 3040: 3020: 2993:(2): 132–139. 2973: 2969:Marist College 2949: 2903: 2873: 2856:978-1351252843 2855: 2825: 2804:(1): 109–116. 2784: 2765:(4): 713–728. 2743: 2684: 2665:(1): 133–159. 2649: 2643:978-0801478635 2642: 2624: 2609: 2576:(1): 131–134. 2560: 2527: 2508:(3): 344–362. 2492: 2473:(4): 570–597. 2457: 2451:978-0521294997 2450: 2432: 2417: 2398:(2): 344–361. 2382: 2376:978-0521174558 2375: 2354: 2335:(3): 387–406. 2323:Andrew Healy; 2315: 2295: 2244: 2175: 2152: 2132: 2105: 2085: 2059: 2037: 2031:978-0393921106 2030: 2012: 1994:978-8182053175 1993: 1973: 1939: 1924: 1918:978-0199586073 1917: 1890: 1872:978-0300130201 1871: 1852: 1836: 1785: 1758: 1731:(4): 883–905. 1711: 1696: 1668: 1662:978-1009043458 1661: 1622: 1592: 1577: 1565:, ed. (2020). 1554: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1488: 1483: 1477: 1472: 1466: 1465: 1449: 1446: 1438:Pi Alpha Alpha 1434:Pi Sigma Alpha 1419:academic major 1320: 1317: 1298:Gabriel Almond 1256:methodological 1238:, minerals in 1207:human behavior 1188:Main article: 1185: 1182: 1163: 1160: 1156:foreign policy 1148:public opinion 1128: 1125: 977: 964: 957: 956: 955: 946: 939: 938: 937: 928: 921: 920: 919: 910: 903: 902: 901: 900: 899: 898: 897: 896: 895: 893: 890: 868: 865: 849:game-theoretic 824: 821: 795:unitary states 697: 694: 689:Main article: 686: 683: 648:social science 635: 634: 632: 631: 624: 617: 609: 606: 605: 592: 591: 588: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 566: 565: 549: 544: 539: 538: 537: 527: 521: 517: 516: 515: 512: 511: 508: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 474: 468: 465:Related topics 464: 463: 462: 459: 458: 455: 454: 449: 444: 439: 433: 432: 426: 422: 421: 420: 417: 416: 413: 412: 407: 402: 400:Foreign policy 397: 392: 379: 373: 372: 371: 368: 367: 364: 363: 362: 361: 347: 342: 337: 324: 318: 317: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 303: 298: 296:Policy studies 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 261: 259: 247: 244: 240: 239: 238: 235: 234: 231: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 139: 133: 132: 131: 128: 127: 124: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 82: 79:Primary topics 78: 77: 76: 73: 72: 70: 69: 64: 59: 53: 50: 49: 43: 42: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6713: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6675: 6674: 6665: 6663: 6662: 6653: 6652: 6649: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6627:Public sector 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6571: 6570: 6567: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6552:Job guarantee 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6504:Public toilet 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6494:Public school 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6389:Oil & gas 6387: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6329:Civil service 6327: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6288:Public rights 6286: 6284: 6283:Public policy 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6263:Public health 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6253:Public domain 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6191: 6187: 6180: 6175: 6173: 6168: 6166: 6161: 6160: 6157: 6145: 6137: 6135: 6126: 6125: 6122: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6104:mental health 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5935: 5932: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5725:public safety 5719: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5683: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5601: 5596: 5594: 5589: 5587: 5582: 5581: 5578: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5542: 5538: 5529: 5523: 5518: 5512: 5507: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5485: 5479: 5474: 5468: 5463: 5457: 5452: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5430: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5406:Human history 5404: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5341:International 5339: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5241: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5100: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5014:Head of state 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4976: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4890: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4873:Progressivism 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4720:Collaborative 4718: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4695: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4665:Republicanism 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4595:Confederation 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4499:Unitary state 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4455: 4450: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4426: 4419: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4397: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4373: 4371: 4370: 4361: 4360: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4345:Human science 4343: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4301:Vegan studies 4299: 4297: 4294: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4264:Public health 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4198:Philosophies 4197: 4195: 4194:Media studies 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4169:Human ecology 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4079:Anthrozoology 4077: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4055: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4004:developmental 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3977:public policy 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3958: 3955: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3943: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3928:legal systems 3926: 3924: 3923:legal history 3921: 3919: 3918:jurisprudence 3916: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 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