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Such canopies might be made of anything from muslin to heavy brocade, or even constructed of less flexible materials, and are supported by poles, whether affixed to a carriage, or carried by people walking on each side. An
Egyptian pharaoh, for example, was escorted both in life and in death by such
299:
The state bed, intended for receiving important visitors and producing heirs before a select public, but not intended for sleeping in, evolved during the second half of the seventeenth century, developing the medieval tradition of receiving visitors in the bedroom, which had become the last and most
139:
is a simpler cloth hanging vertically behind the throne, usually continuing to form a canopy. It can also be used for similar canopies in interior design, for example above beds, and for processional canopies used in formal state ceremonies such as coronations, held up by four or more men with poles
387:. It was probably sold during a government modernisation, somehow appeared in an auction in Northamptonshire, and was bought for a family for £100 in the 1960s. They used it for thirty years, recognising that it was important but not knowing where it came from until an interiors expert at the
451:. The lowest parts of the four columns of Bernini's Baldachin have a helical groove, and the middle and upper sections of the columns are covered in olive and bay branches, which are populated with a myriad of bees and small putti. Pope Urban VIII's family coat of arms, those of the
331:, as the centrepiece of a new decor realised for the Queen in 1730–35. Its tester is quickly recognisable as a baldachin, serving its time-honoured function; the bedding might easily be replaced by a gilded throne. The queens of France spent a great deal of time in their
191:. The cloth above a seat generally continued vertically down to the ground behind the seat. Emperors and kings, reigning dukes and bishops were accorded this honour. In a 15th-century manuscript illumination the sovereign Grand Master of the
546:
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260:
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published an appeal to try to find it. The bed was bought back from the family and returned to
Speaker's House after restoration and with new hangings. It can be viewed during tours of the Speaker's House.
588:
654:
535:
The surname
Baldacchino comes from the artisans who used to make the Baldachin. The surname is found mainly in the islands of Malta and Sicily, particularly in Agrigento and Naro.
520:, the ruler of Spain from 1939 to 1975, frequently walked under a baldachin after formally proclaiming Spain a monarchy—a privilege he appropriated as de facto regent for life.
787:
The hangings were rewoven for Marie
Antoinette. The present hangings, made at Lyon by the same firm that delivered the originals, replicate the hangings as they were in 1787.
714:
677:
432:. The canopy imitated cloth in bronze, as did many subsequent imitations. This famous and spectacular feature is generally called the "Baldacchino", though strictly it is a
573:
319:
195:
in Rhodes sits in state to receive a presentation copy of the author's book. His seat is raised on a carpet-covered dais and backed with a richly embroidered
187:
was hung above the seat of a personage of sufficient standing, as a symbol of authority. The seat under such a canopy of state would normally be raised on a
310:
to which only a handful of his court élite might expect to be invited. The other monarchs of Europe soon imitated his practice; even his staunchest enemy,
558:
135:
when it is sufficiently architectural in form. Baldachins are often supported on columns, especially when they are disconnected from an enclosing wall. A
698:
527:
the sculptures of Virgin Mary, shown as Queen of Sorrow, use to go on their floats under canopies with embroideries Madr with gold or silver yarn
217:
in particular is very often shown sitting under a cloth of honour in medieval and
Renaissance paintings where she is shown enthroned with saints.
886:
379:
was the last monarch to sleep in the bed. The original state bed was damaged in a fire and replaced in 1859. The new bed remained in the
942:
922:
339:
and granted private audiences. By the time Marie
Antoinette escaped the mob from this bedroom, such state beds, with the elaborate
359:, Yorkshire, in 1773 are two of the last English state beds intended for a main floor State Bedroom in a non-royal residence.
552:
The Grand Master of the
Knights Hospitaller at Rhodes under a canopy of estate, on a dais: there is a cushion under his feet.
635:
724:
506:
perhaps as early as the late seventh century BC, but relegated to the use of women by the late fifth century (compare
424:
to design and construct a large structure that would be placed over the main altar, believed to be above the tomb of
1046:
1065:
268:, the cloth continues over the seat, and then to the floor. In the summer of 1520, a meeting was staged between
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720:
1042:
209:. The King of France was also covered by a mobile canopy during his coronation, held up on poles by several
623:
443:
inspired by columns that ringed the altar of the Old St. Peter's. These columns were originally donated by
224:, but might have heraldic elements. French kings are often shown with blue cloths patterned with the gold
627:
388:
343:
they embodied, were already falling out of use. A state bed with a domed tester designed in 1775–76 by
203:). Under his feet is a cushion, such as protected the feet of the King of France when he presided at a
498:
of the individual it covers. The origins of such an emblematic use in Europe lay in the courts of the
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until the 1940s, when it was moved out as too opulent to be there during the difficult times of the
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1021:
401:
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737:
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429:
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in 1247. The word for the cloth became the word for the ceremonial canopies made from the cloth.
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236:
in her portrait by an anonymous artist, c. 1500 prays under a canopy of estate; one can see the
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705:
564:
311:
277:
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229:
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989:
M. C. Miller, "The
Parasol: An Oriental Status-Symbol in Late Archaic and Classical Athens,"
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The cloth was often simply a luxurious textile, often imported and with rich patterns, as in
20:
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323:—its canopy supported without visible posts—was delivered for the use of Queen
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are of
England (parted as usual with France) and the portcullis badge of the Beauforts.
119:. It had its beginnings as a cloth canopy, but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent
524:
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977:"St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican | History, description, useful information"
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Annabel
Westman and Aasha Tyrrell, "The Restoration of the Harewood State Bed" (
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943:"Vatican unveils plans for restoring Bernini's canopy in St. Peter's Basilica"
923:"Vatican unveils plans for restoring Bernini's canopy in St. Peter's Basilica"
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against the gilded leather wall-covering and the tester above her head (the
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Jean Wauquelin presenting his 'Chroniques de Hainaut' to Philip the Good
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871:
Seventeenth-Century Interior Decoration in England, France and Holland
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A cloth of honour held over the Virgin by angels, in an altarpiece by
244:
at its centre) supported on cords from the ceiling. The coats-of-arms
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406:
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family, with their signature bees, are at the base of every column.
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private room of the standard suite of rooms in a Baroque apartment.
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the night before their coronation. This tradition was started by
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developed the rituals of receptions in his state bedchamber, the
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A baldachin may also be used in formal processions, including
447:, and a false tradition asserts they are the columns from the
567:, Queen Mother, at prayer, by an anonymous artist, about 1500
475:
458:
All of these combine to create a feeling of upward movement.
335:, where they received the ladies of the court at the morning
124:
112:
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features the centrally-placed state bed delivered for Queen
856:, 1987, Yale University Press (Yale/Penguin History of Art)
805:
188:
35:
1050:
466:
439:
Bernini's design for the Baldacchino incorporated giant
282:. The canopy of estate may still be seen in most formal
314:, had his "grooms of the bedchamber", a signal honour.
16:
Cloth of honour above a throne associated with monarchs
45:
Marie Antoinette's bed, which has a baldachin, in the
131:, where such a structure is more correctly called a
19:"Baldacchino" redirects here. For the surname, see
1031:. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
367:In Britain, monarchs slept in a state bed in the
1057:
905:"The family that bought the King's bed for £100"
867:Authentic Decor: the Domestic Interior 1620–1920
147:" was originally a luxurious type of cloth from
963:"St. Peter's - Papal Altar & Baldacchino"
413:'s "Baldacchino" in St Peter's, Vatican City
854:The Art and Architecture of Islam: 650-1250
351:and another domed state bed, delivered by
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375:in 1066 and continued until 1821, when
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800:asked in a private letter "what would
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140:attached to the corners of the cloth.
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778:, whence fine silks reached Europe.
183:(or "estate"), cloth of honour, or
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1000:
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903:Whannel, Kate (30 January 2023).
873:, (New Haven & London, 1981).
723:during the enthronement rites at
689:in the former royal residence of
474:by King Louis XII of France into
1025:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1022:"Baldachinum of the Altar"
991:The Journal of Hellenic Studies,
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721:Our Lady of La Naval de Manila
478:, after a siege. Miniature by
30:Drawing of a baldachin over a
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852:Richard Ettinghausen et al.,
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774:is a medieval Latin form for
525:Spanish Holy Week processions
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1047:King René's Tournament Book
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628:Cardinal Alessandro Farnese
494:or funeral processions, to
355:for Sir Edwin Lascelles at
123:feature, particularly over
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1008:"baldachin (architecture)"
830:"Baldachin | architecture"
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399:
389:Victoria and Albert Museum
279:The Field of Cloth of Gold
165:de preciosissimo baldekino
18:
808:decorated by a milliner?"
111:typically placed over an
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664:in the Hall of State of
496:signify the elite status
65:with cloth of honour by
1012:Encyclopœdia Britannica
834:Encyclopedia Britannica
660:Baldachin covering the
155:" and other spellings.
1066:Architectural elements
796:Of this grandiose bed
706:Holy Week in Salamanca
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312:William III of England
257:presentation miniature
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1081:Christian processions
1028:Catholic Encyclopedia
948:Associated Press News
928:Associated Press News
869:, (London, 1985) and
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402:St. Peter's baldachin
373:William the Conqueror
369:Palace of Westminster
274:Henry VIII of England
266:Rogier van der Weyden
255:Sometimes, as in the
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21:Baldacchino (surname)
725:Santo Domingo Church
514:a canopy of estate.
430:St. Peter's Basilica
422:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
396:St. Peter's Basilica
161:Henry III of England
979:. 27 November 2016.
865:Peter K. Thornton,
620:Francis I of France
600:Chambre de la Reine
531:Surname Baldacchino
462:Processional canopy
449:Temple of Jerusalem
270:Francis I of France
193:Knights Hospitaller
167:" at a ceremony at
78:Louis XIV of France
1043:Burgundian example
993:112 (1992) 91-105.
951:. 11 January 2024.
931:. 11 January 2024.
889:2006-03-17 at the
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246:embroidered
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125:high altars
105:baldacchino
63:Virgin Mary
1060:Categories
839:2020-08-12
816:References
743:Monopteros
596:Versailles
492:coronation
329:Versailles
295:Ceremonial
242:Tudor rose
129:cathedrals
86:Versailles
61:Enthroned
51:Versailles
802:Vitruvius
624:Charles V
482:, c. 1508
453:Barberini
377:George IV
363:For sleep
341:etiquette
302:Louis XIV
290:State bed
234:Henry VII
199:(French,
145:Baldachin
97:baldaquin
93:baldachin
53:, France)
1076:Textiles
909:BBC News
887:Archived
748:Aedicule
738:Ciborium
732:See also
645:above a
434:ciborium
250:tapestry
222:brocades
153:baudekin
133:ciborium
107:), is a
884:on-line
776:Baghdad
708:, Spain
539:Gallery
508:parasol
411:Bernini
333:chambre
149:Baghdad
101:Italian
772:Baldac
753:Gazebo
670:Sweden
647:daybed
626:, and
598:, the
504:Athens
238:dosser
197:dosser
117:throne
99:(from
32:throne
759:Notes
618:King
476:Genoa
337:lever
211:peers
113:altar
95:, or
806:dome
272:and
189:dais
36:dais
1051:BnF
594:At
523:In
510:).
327:at
264:by
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49:(
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