174:
156:
124:
44:
1139:, south of Magdeburg, was soon surrounded by the Swedish, who cut off all supplies for Gallas' men. Eventually, the Imperial side ran out of bread and they started to lose people to sickness and starvation. As huge numbers of people and animals died, Gallas saw no other solution but to abandon many of the sick, most of his artillery as well as the baggage, and search protection for his troops in Magdeburg itself, a fortress of his Saxon allies. The pattern repeated itself when the Swedish forces managed to enclose the city and cut off the supply. One night, the Imperial cavalry made an attempt to break out.
144:
112:
1179:
It took a while for the
Imperial forces in Magdeburg to succeed with a breakaway. Before they did, they had to turn to eating both cats and dogs as their situation grew more desperate. Many of them deserted. Most of the soldiers who aimed to switch sides and join the Swedish forces were judged to be
1134:
in an attempt to trap the
Swedish forces on Jutland. This tactic failed, as Torstenson's troops outmanoeuvred the enemy by overthrowing a few Imperial positions and pose a threat both to Gallas' back, and Imperial areas further south. The Imperial army began to move south. During the summer of 1644,
1122:
ventured north towards
Jutland to trap the Swedish army there and destroy it. The Emperor had received requests from Denmark-Norway for help, as well as assurance that the Swedish forces were worn down and therefore a fairly easy target. However, since Torstenson thought of Gallas' approaching army
1203:
in
February. Out of 12,000 Imperial soldiers that constituted Gallas' army in the summer of 1644, a few thousand men returned. As a result of the severe fiasco the campaign turned out to be, and the tactical mistakes he made, Gallas was relieved from his duty as Imperial commander.
1135:
Torstenson's forces tried to engage the retreating enemy, and in late
September, they had once more caught up with the Imperial army. Gallas responded by ordering his troops to build strong defensive positions and await wished-for reinforcement. The Imperial halting-place at
395:
556:
1187:, Gallas ordered his troops to make a desperate effort to break out of the Swedish encirclement. While he was himself sick and stayed with the ill soldiers, his subordinate
629:
668:
581:
571:
566:
924:
830:
231:
693:
286:
1396:, Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century, vol. 2, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 498,
728:
1155:. It was almost wiped out and Enkevort made captive. The Swedish also captured 3,500 horses. The remaining Imperial cavalry under Count Bruay barely escaped into
912:
646:
1123:
of about 15,000 men as a threat to the important
Swedish strongholds on the German Baltic coast, he turned his army around and headed south to engage the enemy.
820:
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658:
477:
224:
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1469:
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217:
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1094:, resulting in a Swedish victory. The cavalry of the main Imperial army tried to break out of its blockade by the Swedish in
905:
1382:
67:
329:
1484:
1419:
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1029:
941:
586:
491:
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713:
1004:
733:
349:
890:
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1159:, including the formally most high-ranking officer Bassompierre who reported to the Saxon elector as well as
860:
825:
506:
468:
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43:
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531:
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led the remaining 1,400 infantry able to march, together with a few horsemen and 12 field guns, via
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Gallas had his troops build and stay behind abatises and entrenchments south of the river
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1118:). While engaged in operations there, an Imperial army under the command of Count
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61:
1115:
956:
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116:
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209:
1375:
Von Nördlingen bis Jankau: Kaiserliche
Strategie und Kriegsführung 1634-1645
1183:
After getting some help from drift ice that ruined
Swedish bridges on river
1152:
1083:
80:
1192:
1095:
1136:
1131:
1196:
1156:
1111:
1200:
1087:
383:
Transylvanian invasions of
Hungary (1619–1621, 1623–1624, 1626)
143:
111:
84:
1257:
1255:
204:
1,000 killed or wounded, 1,600 men and 3,500 horses captured
1221:
1219:
1217:
1184:
1168:
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1234:
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1303:
1267:
1180:
too weak and were therefore ignored by the
Swedish.
48:
Swedish and Imperial encampments prior to the battle
1231:
1098:but was caught and mostly shattered by the Swedes.
1354:
1377:(in German). Wien: Heeresgeschichtliches Museum.
1461:
1357:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905)
239:
1147:The rear guard of the Imperial cavalry under
225:
1199:in early January 1645. They safely reached
232:
218:
42:
1475:Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire
1409:
1324:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1261:
165:
1462:
1391:
1372:
1352:
1336:
1246:
1225:
1394:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O
213:
16:1644 battle of the Thirty Years' War
1414:(in Swedish), Stockholm: Atlantis,
13:
14:
1506:
607:Swedish-French Period (1635–1648)
1470:Battles of the Thirty Years' War
1151:was caught close to the town of
478:Swedish intervention (1630–1635)
172:
154:
142:
122:
110:
1495:Military history of Brandenburg
426:Danish intervention (1625–1629)
306:Palatinate campaign (1620–1623)
1110:had unexpectedly marched into
1:
1207:
1101:
1174:
7:
1086:on 3 December 1644 between
258:Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620)
10:
1511:
1346:
18:
1142:
1062:
251:
195:
182:
135:
103:
52:
41:
33:
28:
19:For the 1813 battle, see
1485:Battles involving Sweden
1163:who reported to emperor
1410:Englund, Peter (2003),
1373:Höbelt, Lothar (2016).
1353:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
1114:in September 1643 (see
136:Commanders and leaders
1392:Jaques, Tony (2007),
1161:Raimondo Montecuccoli
201:400 killed or wounded
196:Casualties and losses
449:Lutter am Barenberge
1446:51.9933°N 13.0728°E
1442: /
1288:, p. 340, 375.
1149:Adrian von Enkevort
161:Adrian von Enkevort
21:Battle of Dennewitz
1339:, p. 416–417.
1300:, p. 375–376.
1264:, p. 376–377.
1228:, p. 414–415.
1108:Lennart Torstenson
1080:Battle of Jüterbog
149:Lennart Torstenson
60:23 November 1644 (
29:Battle of Jüterbog
1480:Conflicts in 1644
1403:978-0-313-33536-5
1092:Holy Roman Empire
1075:
1074:
1057:
1056:
599:Strasbourg Bridge
243:Thirty Years' War
208:
207:
130:Holy Roman Empire
99:
98:
83:, 50 km south of
66:3 December 1644 (
36:Thirty Years' War
1502:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1451:51.9933; 13.0728
1447:
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1171:on 16 December.
1035:2nd Saint Martin
1030:Cape St. Vincent
1005:1st Saint Martin
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469:'s-Hertogenbosch
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1045:Colberger Heide
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826:2nd Breitenfeld
731:
704:2nd Rheinfelden
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577:1st Rheinfelden
507:1st Breitenfeld
487:Swedish landing
418:Vlach uprisings
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95:Swedish victory
87:
65:
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24:
17:
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11:
5:
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1490:1644 in Europe
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1389:
1384:978-3902551733
1383:
1370:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1327:, p. 377.
1314:
1312:, p. 376.
1302:
1290:
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1276:, p. 340.
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1116:Torstenson War
1106:Field Marshal
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1165:Ferdinand III
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982:Naval battles
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947:Zusmarshausen
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669:2nd Magdeburg
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630:Ray-sur-Saône
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439:Dessau Bridge
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297:Neu Titschein
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191:4,000 cavalry
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27:
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1411:
1393:
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1356:
1332:
1325:Englund 2003
1310:Englund 2003
1305:
1298:Englund 2003
1293:
1286:Englund 2003
1281:
1274:Englund 2003
1269:
1262:Englund 2003
1182:
1178:
1146:
1125:
1105:
1079:
1077:
1065:
1010:Lizard Point
865:
861:Philippsburg
831:2nd Freiberg
806:Wolfenbüttel
751:1st Freiberg
746:2nd Breisach
724:Wittenweiher
714:Fuenterrabía
572:1st Breisach
557:Pfaffenhofen
104:Belligerents
34:Part of the
1449: /
1364:28 November
1337:Höbelt 2016
1247:Bodart 1908
1226:Höbelt 2016
965: [
928: [
916: [
904: [
886:Mergentheim
821:Schweidnitz
732: [
650: [
638: [
585: [
404: [
370:Frankenthal
335:Mingolsheim
178:Count Bruay
1464:Categories
1437:13°04′22″E
1434:51°59′36″N
1208:References
1193:Wittenberg
1189:Hunolstein
1102:Background
1040:Lister Dyb
901:Korneuburg
846:Tuttlingen
816:Honnecourt
766:Thionville
709:Saint Omer
664:Tornavento
537:Alte Veste
522:Maastricht
396:Érsekújvár
355:Heidelberg
282:Wisternitz
1175:Aftermath
1096:Magdeburg
1025:The Downs
1000:The Slaak
990:Gibraltar
913:Totenhöhe
896:3rd Hulst
796:La Marfée
684:2nd Breda
679:Wittstock
647:Haselünne
615:Les Avins
552:Oldendorf
527:Nuremberg
497:Magdeburg
492:Frankfurt
459:Stralsund
444:Oldenzaal
375:Stadtlohn
325:Bacharach
320:Oppenheim
1412:Ofredsår
1153:Jüterbog
1137:Bernburg
1132:Holstein
1090:and the
1084:Jüterbog
1067:Treaties
881:2nd Brno
866:Jüterbog
856:Freiburg
841:1st Brno
786:Preßnitz
781:Montjuïc
776:Cambrils
756:Chemnitz
582:Liegnitz
567:Konstanz
532:Wiesloch
365:Mannheim
183:Strength
81:Jüterbog
75:Location
1347:Sources
1197:Bohemia
1157:Lusatia
1112:Jutland
1050:Fehmarn
1020:Channel
1015:Dunkirk
851:Kolding
801:Dorsten
694:Leipzig
562:Steinau
512:Bamberg
464:Wolgast
454:Groenlo
413:Hodonín
391:Humenné
360:Fleurus
340:Wimpfen
287:Bautzen
272:Lomnice
163: (
1418:
1400:
1381:
1201:Prague
1143:Battle
1088:Sweden
974:Prague
962:Dachau
942:Naples
937:Triebl
876:Jankau
871:Bysjön
836:Rocroi
811:Kempen
791:Plauen
771:Salses
761:Melnik
741:Vlotho
635:Dömitz
620:Leuven
547:Lützen
502:Werben
401:Tyrnau
345:Höchst
330:Jülich
277:Sablat
267:Pilsen
188:18,000
127:
92:Result
85:Berlin
1128:Eider
995:Genoa
969:]
932:]
920:]
908:]
736:]
729:Thann
719:Kallo
699:Hanau
689:Venlo
674:Somme
654:]
642:]
589:]
542:Fürth
434:Breda
408:]
79:Near
1416:ISBN
1398:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1366:2021
1185:Elbe
1169:Linz
1078:The
957:Lens
659:Raon
517:Rain
68:N.S.
62:O.S.
57:Date
1195:to
1167:in
1130:in
166:POW
1466::
1317:^
1254:^
1233:^
1216:^
967:de
930:de
918:de
906:de
734:de
652:de
640:de
587:de
406:de
169:)
1387:.
1368:.
233:e
226:t
219:v
70:)
64:)
23:.
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