Battle of La Bassée

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until 29 October when all available heavy artillery was transferred north for the Battle of Gheluvelt. Attacks against II Corps were reduced to holding operations and the front opposite the French at Arras was kept passive. When the Indian Corps took over, the German offensive in the area had almost ended. Edmonds wrote that in defence, soldiers sheltered in improvised positions with little protection from artillery and little barbed wire. Much of the country was wooded, which obscured large areas of the front from aeroplane observers, who spent more time grounded by the October weather. The Allied force was made up of Belgian, French and British army units and faced a homogeneous opponent with unity of command but the main German advantage was in heavy artillery and trench warfare equipment, much of which did not exist in the Allied armies.

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battalion back and exposed the flank of the neighbouring battalion until a counter-attack could be arranged to regain the line. Early on 31 October, Willcocks, the Indian Corps commander, took over from Smith-Dorrien from Givenchy to Fauquissart, who left about ten severely depleted infantry battalions and most of the corps artillery behind. The II Corps troops had been promised ten days to rest but troop movements towards Wytschaete began immediately, some on foot and some by bus. On 1 November the last seven battalions in the area were sent north to Bailleul behind III Corps. The 5th Division artillery was sent north to the Cavalry Corps by 2 November and the remaining II Corps engineer companies built more field fortifications.

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3rd Division staff officers acting as liaison officers. The flank support was also inadequate due to German return fire and exhaustion, soldiers falling asleep as they fired. Two companies of the 47th Sikhs and the 20th and 21st Sappers and Miners attacked, as the 9th Bhopal Infantry was quickly forced under cover on the right. The attackers advanced by fire and movement over 700 yd (640 m) of flat ground, drove the Germans out of the village and reached the eastern and northern fringes. German artillery and machine-gun fire supported constant German counter-attacks, which eventually forced the Indians to retire despite the German fire, the 47th Sikhs losing

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then postponed until dawn and Smith-Dorrien Trench, a new line east of the village was dug and linked to the defences north and south of the village. British casualties were severe and when French visited II Corps headquarters on 26 October, more reinforcements were promised and French ordered a defensive front to be maintained, with local attacks to keep German troops from moving from the area into Belgium. When dawn broke, the situation at Neuve-Chapelle was seen to be worse than expected, since the Germans had consolidated positions in outlying buildings and the old British trenches. A battalion attempted to recapture the trenches at

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weather. German infantry kept 700–900 yd (640–820 m) back, except for areas in front of the 5th Division. Some positions were evacuated during daylight hours to escape German shelling and engineers collected fence posts and wire from farmland, ready to build obstacles in front of the British positions overnight. Smith-Dorrien forecast a lull in German attacks but requested reinforcements from French who agreed, because a defeat at La Bassée would compromise offensive operations in Belgium. A cavalry brigade, some artillery and an infantry battalion were moved to Vieille Chappelle behind the 3rd Division, two

1733:

3rd Division was ordered by Smith-Dorrien to recapture Neuve-Chapelle, because the German position there threatened the inner flanks of the 3rd and 5th divisions. Every second available man was made available to the Corps Chief Engineer (Major-General C. Mackenzie) to dig a second line and Smith-Dorrien oversaw the preparations at the 3rd Division headquarters for the counter-attack. The 7th Brigade (Brigadier-General McCracken) was to conduct the attack with support from the Indian Corps troops nearby, the 24th Brigade on the right flank and the 2nd Cavalry Brigade at Richebourg St Vaast, though down to

1335:

Both armies attacked on 20 October, the XIV, VII, XIII and XIX corps of the 6th Army making a general attack from Arras to Armentières. Next day the northern corps of the 6th Army attacked from La Bassée to St Yves and gained little ground but prevented British and French troops from being moved north to Ypres and the Yser fronts. On 27 October, Falkenhayn ordered the 6th Army to move heavy artillery north for the maximum effort due on 29 October at Gheluvelt, to reduce its attacks on the southern flank against II and III corps and to cease offensive operations against the French further south.

181: 1272:, Merville, Aire, Fôret de Clairmarais and St Omer, where the rest of the 87th Territorial Division connected with Dunkirk; Cassel and Lille further east were still occupied by French troops. Next day, the German XIV Corps arrived opposite the French, which released the German 1st and 2nd Cavalry corps to attempt a flanking move between La Bassée and Armentières. The French cavalry were able to stop the German attack north of the La Bassée–Aire canal. The 4th Cavalry Corps further north, managed to advance and on 7 October, passed through Ypres before being forced back to 50: 1089: 1243: 1431:

extensive bombardment against the 9th Brigade but they did not attack, and one battalion at Violaines was able to fire in enfilade at German infantry, as they crossed its front towards Le Transloy. An infantry company and the 7th Brigade Signal Section engaged the Germans at 150 yd (140 m) as they apparently lost direction in the mist and more troops arrived to close the gap. As the mist dispersed British artillery fired on the German infantry who retreated at speed. A British counter-attack was made at

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rather than an open flank and by 29 September, the Second Army had been reinforced to eight corps and extended north but was still opposed by German forces near Lille, rather than an open flank. The German 6th Army had also found that on arrival in the north, it was forced to oppose the French attack rather than advance around the flank and that the secondary objective of protecting the northern flank of the German armies in France, had become the main task.

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battalions came under much shellfire during the relief and remained in the front-line trenches, instead of retreating further back temporarily, a practice which had been adopted by experienced units. On 2 November, a bigger German attack north-west of Neuve-Chapelle drove a Gurkha battalion back until local counter-attacks recovered the ground by 5 October and the old trenches were filled in and abandoned.

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to forestall German moves but the Germans had to rely on reports from spies, which were frequently wrong. The French resorted to more cautious infantry tactics, using cover to reduce casualties and a centralised system of control as the German army commanders followed contradictory plans. The French did not need quickly to obtain a decisive result and could concentrate on preserving the French army.

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followed until after dark when German troops moved stealthily into the village. In the subsequent fighting they were repulsed three times. Successive attacks on the Indian Corps troops further north were mostly defeated by artillery-fire. During the day, most of the Indian Corps arrived in the area and began to relieve the remnants of II Corps overnight.

2133:, wrote that the II Corps battle at La Bassée could be taken as separate but that the other battles from Armentières to Messines and Ypres, were better understood as a battle in two parts, an offensive by III Corps and the Cavalry Corps from 12 to 18 October, against which the Germans retired and the offensive by the German 6th and 4th armies 1060:, which had been formed from the left flank units of the Second Army on 4 October. The Allies and the Germans attempted to take more ground, after the "open" northern flank had disappeared, Franco-British attacks towards Lille in October, being followed up by attempts to advance between the BEF and the Belgian army by a new French 1532:

until dusk when an attack began south of Neuve-Chapelle on the right flank of the 3rd Division, until after midnight, eventually being repulsed, with many casualties. In the early hours of 25 October, German infantry were able to overrun some British trenches but were forced out by hand-to-hand fighting and at

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or rockets. Later on, French reinforcements arrived so that the British battalion could move into divisional reserve, with the two already withdrawn. Another German attack began in the afternoon on the left of the 5th Division, in which the German infantry broke into the British trenches before being

1540:

on 24 October and the left flank battalion of the 8th Brigade was forced back. The flanking units fired into the area and a counter-attack at midnight by the brigade reserve battalion, managed to restore the position in costly fighting. Many German troops of the 14th and 26th divisions were killed in

1515:

II Corps retired its left (northern) flank, to a line which had been reconnoitred from La Bassée Canal east of Givenchy to La Quinque Rue, east of Neuve-Chappelle and on to Fauquissart. A lack of labour, tools and barbed wire meant that the troops found little more than an outline of the position and

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and Cambrai was available and had to be used to supply the German armies on the right as the 6th Army travelled in the opposite direction, limiting the army to forty trains a day which took four days to move a corps. Information on German troop movements from wireless interception enabled the French

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per day and use hundreds of motor-vehicles which were co-ordinated by two staff officers, Commandant Gérard and Captain Doumenc. The French used Belgian and captured German rail wagons and the domestic telephone and telegraph systems. The initiative held by the Germans in August was not recovered as

1813:

Movement forward to the British positions was difficult in daylight, due to a lack of communication trenches, so Indian troops moved along wet ditches in the dark and conducted the relief over two nights. Exchanging two battalions took about 2½ hours and a German attack on 30 October pushed a Gurkha

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The II Corps orders to maintain a defensive front but to exploit local opportunities for attack were echoed by GHQ and French, Smith-Dorrien and Willcocks met to arrange for II Corps to be relieved by the Indian Corps. French wanted the corps to rest for several days and then be the BEF reserve. The

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arrived and six companies of the Indian Corps were dispatched. German activity opposite the rest of the 3rd Division was slight but the Jullundur Brigade to the north was attacked several times, as the German 14th Division massed in Bois du Biez, about 0.5 mi (0.80 km) from Neuve-Chapelle.

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began to dig in. The 3rd Division was on the left flank, at the junction with the French II Cavalry Corps and the 19th Brigade, which had closed a gap with the III Corps. The Germans spent 23 October bombarding the old British positions and probing forward, as the Lahore Division (Lieutenant-General

1430:

the Germans attacked through a mist, mainly opposite the 7th and 9th brigades from Le Transloy to Herlies and surprised one company, forcing it back. The Germans widened the breach on the right of the 7th Brigade, but flanking units repulsed the German attackers. Elsewhere, the Germans maintained an

1162:

where it merged with the plain. A coastal strip about 10 mi (16 km) wide was near sea level and fringed by sand dunes. Inland the ground was mainly meadow, cut by canals, dykes, drainage ditches and roads built up on causeways. The Lys, Yser and upper Scheldt had been canalised and between

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was defeated and four companies of Chasseurs à pied, with three dismounted cavalry squadrons from the II Cavalry Corps, were moved into reserve behind the brigade. German prisoners had been taken from eight regiments of three corps on the 3rd Division front, along with the 14th Division troops. Gas

1795:

During the night the cavalry were relieved and a small salient opposite Bois du Biez relinquished to straighten the line; a patrol entered Neuve-Chapelle and found it empty but during the day German bombardments and probing attacks were received all along the line. The junction of the 13th and 14th

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after a short bombardment from thirteen Anglo-French batteries. After fifteen minutes the bombardment was moved 500 yd (460 m) forward, ready for the infantry advance but disorganisation, language difficulties and exhaustion led only about four companies advancing, despite the presence of

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of the 47th Sikhs arrived but were insufficient to restart the advance. German small-arms fire enfiladed both flanks and every other reinforcement had been sent to fill the gap at Neuve-Chapelle. The counter-attack was ended and after dark the troops dug in around the west end of the village. Later

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of battle, exhaustion and the loss of many pre-war regulars and experienced reservists, a determined German attack had been defeated. The corps front was not attacked on 25 October but German guns accurately bombarded the British positions, with assistance from observation aircraft, flying in clear

1476:

on ground easier to defend but had little barbed wire and the ground was too marshy for deep dugouts. The engineers of the 3rd and 5th divisions prepared the defences, with help from French civilians. Next day the French cavalry were driven from Fromelles and a retirement to the new line was agreed

1039:

ordered the German 6th Army to move from the German-French border to the northern flank on 17 September. Next day, French attacks north of the Aisne led to Falkenhayn to order the 6th Army to repulse the French and secure the flank. When the French advanced on 24 September, they met a German attack

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On the rest of the II Corps front, there had been much German artillery-fire on 27 October but little infantry action. Exhaustion and casualties left the corps in an extremely weakened state with no prospect of relief. Further north, the Jullundur Brigade had been attacked during mid-afternoon but

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regiments. The British troops had succeeded in repulsing German attacks through endurance and fire-discipline, which had multiplied the effect of a small number of troops. The German 6th Army had been reinforced and originally been intended to break through from Arras to La Bassée and Armentières,

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of an infantry battalion arrived. Further north the chasseurs and a British infantry battalion had advanced over much more difficult terrain and were too late to reinforce the Indian troops when their advance faltered. When the Indian troops retired, the attack was stopped and trenches west of the

1531:

on 24 October, German artillery began a bombardment and just after dawn many German infantry were seen approaching the 3rd Division positions in the north. The German troops were easily visible and repulsed by artillery-fire before they reached the British front line. German attacks were suspended

1334:

to Menin. Attacks by the British II and III Corps caused such casualties that XIII Corps was transferred south from 18 to 19 October in reinforcement. The 6th Army line from La Bassée to Armentières and Menin, was ordered not to attack until the operations of the new 4th Army in Belgium had begun.

1804:

when the Germans moved quietly forward in mist but were then caught by artillery and small arms fire. A second attack just to the north occupied a British trench and at noon another attack was attempted after French shells were seen to drop short. This attack was also repulsed and a brief respite

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the 5th Division commander, ordered Maude to lead another counter-attack reinforced by ten more companies. Maude cancelled the attack when he found that the British line had been restored and the village could only be attacked from the north-west. On the northern flank of the village, the British

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troops, who pushed them back to the village and frustrated several attempts to advance again. The Germans shifted the weight of the attack to the south and got round the left flank of the neighbouring battalion, which pulled the flank back at right angles. German rifle-fire from behind killed the

1624:

cyclists reached the area as did the rest of the brigade reserve but the darkness and disorganisation of the troops took time to resolve. A counter-attack by three companies began from the west after dark and pushed the Germans back to the former British trenches east of the village. Attacks were

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The rest of the Flanders Plain was woods and small fields, divided by hedgerows planted with trees and cultivated from small villages and farms. The terrain was difficult for infantry operations because of the lack of observation, impossible for mounted action because of the many obstructions and

1230:

and the French division on the northern flank was separated from the cavalry operating further north; a gap had also been forced between X Corps and the Territorial divisions to the south. Castelnau and Maud'huy wished to withdraw but rather than lose all of northern France, Joffre created a new

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and relieved by the Indian Corps but within days, most of its battalions had to be sent to I and III corps as reinforcements. Smith-Dorrien returned to England on 10 November and Willcocks assumed command of the 14th Brigade of the 5th Division, which acted as a mobile reserve. The Indian Corps

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against the extreme left flank of the division and the right of the 3rd Division, after an accurate artillery bombardment. The British infantry had many casualties and some units withdrew from their trenches to evade the German artillery-fire. A battalion was broken through and the village was

1203:. Intervening areas were agricultural, with wide roads on shallow foundations and unpaved mud tracks in France and narrow pavé roads, along the frontier and in Belgium. In France, the roads were closed by the local authorities during thaws to preserve the surface and marked by 1163:

them the water level underground was close to the surface, rose further in the autumn and filled any dip, the sides of which then collapsed. The ground surface quickly turned to a consistency of cream cheese and on the coast troops were confined to roads, except during frosts.

1412:

built upwards were substituted, despite being conspicuous and easy to demolish with artillery-fire. (It was not until late October that the British received adequate supplies of sandbags and barbed wire.) The British field artillery was allotted to infantry brigades and the

1837:

The French had been able to use the undamaged railways behind their front to move troops more quickly than the Germans, who had to take long detours, wait for repairs to damaged tracks and replace rolling stock. The French IV Corps moved from Lorraine on 2 September in

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such was the confusion. Elements of three battalions and the French cyclists, with support from four British and seven French cavalry batteries were quickly stopped by German machine-gun fire and snipers, who had been able to consolidate the captured houses. At

1417:

and howitzers were reserved for counter-battery fire. The decision to dig in narrowly forestalled a German counter-offensive which began on 20 October, mainly further north against the French XXI Corps and spread south on 21 October, to the 3rd Division area.

1782:

the Germans made a maximum effort along all of the attack front, advancing to within 100 yd (91 m) of the British positions in places. Exhausted troops were brought back into line to reinforce the cavalry and the German attacks diminished until

1329:

The 6th Army had arrived in northern France and Flanders from the south and progressively relieved German cavalry divisions, VII Corps taking over from La Bassée to Armentières on 14 October, XIX Corps next day around Armentières and XIII Corps from

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to Ligny and south of Fromelles, the junction with a French cavalry unit, which improved the line in the 8th Brigade area; later on the left flank of the 14th Brigade moved back to link with the 3rd Division at Lorgies. On 21 October II Corps had

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The British 1st and 2nd Cavalry divisions covered the arrival of the infantry and on 10 October, using motor buses supplied by the French, II Corps advanced 22 mi (35 km). By the end of 11 October, II Corps held a line from Béthune to

1304:, 6 mi (9.7 km) north of La Bassée Canal, across ground which was flat and dotted with farms and buildings as far as a low ridge 10 mi (16 km) east of Béthune. The German defenders of I and II Cavalry corps and attached 1231:

Tenth Army, from Maud'huy's forces and gave Castelnau a directive, to maintain the Second Army in its positions, until the pressure of operations further north, diminished the power of German attacks between the Oise and the Somme.

1777:

the Germans attacked south of the village, after five hours of bombardment, against the two northernmost battalions of the 13th Brigade, while other troops kept up the attack on the 2nd Cavalry Brigade and attached infantry. At

1300:, with flanking units on the right 3.5 mi (5.6 km) south of Béthune and on the left 4.5 mi (7.2 km) to the west of the town. On 12 October, the II Corps divisions attacked to reach a line from Givenchy to 1690:

the 14th Brigade commander to the south, had sent his reserve battalion which arrived after the 9th Bhopal and moved, north to make a flank attack on the Germans in the village but night fell before the troops were ready.

1594:

There was much German patrolling before dawn on 26 October and at sunrise the Germans attacked north of Givenchy, having crept up in the dark but were repulsed by small-arms fire aimed at sounds because the British had no

1389:. On 18 October, German resistance increased as the German XIII Corps arrived, reinforced the VII Corps and gradually forced the II Corps to a halt. On 19 October, British infantry and French cavalry captured Le Pilly ( 3175:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. 1314:

to Fosse. On 13 October, the II Corps attack by the 3rd Division and the French 7th Cavalry Division gained little ground and Givenchy was almost lost when the German attacked in a rainstorm, the British losing

958:

was fought by German and Franco-British forces in northern France in October 1914, during reciprocal attempts by the contending armies to envelop the northern flank of their opponent, which has been called the

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had ordered the digging of a reserve line which was about 2 mi (3.2 km) in the rear on the northern flank, where the danger of envelopment was greatest. The line ran from east of Givenchy, east of

1209:, which were ignored by British lorry drivers. The difficulty of movement after the end of summer absorbed much local labour on road maintenance, leaving field defences to be built by front-line soldiers. 1105:

in the north-west, lie chalk downlands covered with soil sufficient for arable farming. To the east of the line, the land declines in a series of spurs into the Flanders plain, bounded by canals linking

1520:) reached Estaires, which had been made the assembly point for the Indian Corps, to be convenient to support II Corps or III Corps as necessary. The Jullundur Brigade relieved the II Cavalry Corps on 1373:

October, II Corps attacked on both sides of La Bassée Canal and German counter-attacks were made each night. The British managed short advances on the flanks, with help from French cavalry but lost

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commander and adjutant but the survivors held on until the 9th Bhopal Infantry battalion arrived, got behind the German flank and drove them back to the village. The 20th and 21st companies of the

1760:

During the attack the 2nd Cavalry Brigade occupied the Indian jumping-off trenches and gave covering fire during the retreat. The last cavalry reserve moved forward, to stop the German infantry

1536:

the trenches were overrun again until reinforcements from the 9th Brigade forced the Germans back. On the left flank of the 3rd Division the 8th and Jullundur brigades were attacked from

1408:, Herlies and Riez, while offensive operations continued to the north. The countryside was flat, marshy and cut by many streams, which in many places made trench digging impractical, so 1068:

and then the 6th Army from Alsace and Lorraine, had been intended to secure German lines of communication through Belgium, where the Belgian army had sortied several times from the

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arrived and began to counter-attack against all of the II Corps front. At the end of 20 October, the II Corps was ordered to dig in from the canal near Givenchy, to Violaines,

5085: 2082:

According to the findings of the Battles Nomenclature Committee Report (9 July 1920), four simultaneous battles occurred in October and November 1914. The Battle of La Bassée

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was formed from XIII Corps and reinforcements from the armies around Verdun, which further depleted the 6th Army and ended the offensive from La Bassée north to the Lys.

1006:. The battle at La Bassée was reduced to local operations. In late January and early February 1915, German and British troops conducted raids and local attacks in the 300: 1666:

the British-French counter-attack had pushed forward north of the village and British troops held out in Smith-Dorrien Trench to the east. The German attack began at

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and quickly got behind the defenders, who were almost cut off an hour later and were pursued through the village, the two battalions involved being reduced to about

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with the 2nd Cavalry Brigade, which had arrived from the north. The new line curved around Neuve-Chapelle, with no man's land reduced to 100 yd (91 m).

1703:

had reached the western fringe of the village after an hour but had then been pinned down by machine-gun and sniper fire from the many houses thereabouts. Around

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was appointed deputy to Joffre and given command of all French troops in the north. On 6 October, the French line from the Oise to Arras was secured; Joffre and

1741:

battalion, French chasseurs and cyclists from the II Cavalry Corps and a battalion of the 9th Brigade (Brigadier-General Shaw) were also to support the attack.

1167:

difficult for artillery because of the limited view. South of La Bassée Canal around Lens and Béthune was a coal-mining district full of slag heaps, pit heads (

5090: 3604: 5278: 5005: 4697: 3662: 1524:

from the II Corps left flank at Fauquissart to the 19th Brigade at Rouges Bancs, which created a homogeneous British line from Givenchy northwards to Ypres.

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which from 30 October mainly took place north of the Lys at Armentières, from when the battles of Armentières and Messines merged with the Battles of Ypres.

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French ordered elements of the Lahore Division to move to Estaires, behind the left (northern) flank of II Corps, to support the French II Cavalry Corps (

1381:, against German opposition at every ditch and bridge, which inflicted another thousand casualties. Givenchy was recaptured by the British on 16 October, 5518: 5293: 5048: 5288: 4978: 4929: 4844: 1568:

per gun per day. Maud'huy added two more battalions to the one in Givenchy and Conneau moved the II Cavalry Corps behind the 3rd Division flank. About

5508: 5132: 81: 700: 456: 2054:

until 15 November. Winter operations from November 1914 to February 1915 in the II Corps area took place and were called the Defence of Festubert

1310:

disputed every tactical feature but the British advance continued and a German counter-attack near Givenchy was repulsed. The British dug in from

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of their manpower in casualties. The 9th Bhopal Infantry also retired from a captured trench, which led to two flanking companies being overrun.

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An Analysis of 1,000 Wounds and Injuries Received in Action, with Special Reference to the Theory of the Prevalence of Self-Infliction (Secret)

2151: 3769: 3831: 1686:, the last British reserve, were sent to link the 9th Bhopal and the Northumberland fusiliers to the north of the village. Brigadier-General 1511:

Early on 22 October, the British were forced out of Violaines and German attacks began along all of the 5th Division front. On the night of

5033: 4963: 4602: 3821: 3732: 279: 1527:

Opposite the Anglo-French south of the British III Corps, was part of the German XIV Corps and the VII, XIII, XIX and I Cavalry Corps. At

1080:

was assembled from the III Reserve Corps, the siege artillery used against Antwerp and four of the new reserve corps training in Germany.

5057: 3955: 3409: 140: 3632: 3962: 2162:. Indian Army units were numbered but these were not used in France, to obviate confusion with similarly numbered metropolitan units. 1049: 683: 344: 3614: 5283: 5215: 5053: 5040: 4997: 4906: 4632: 4441: 4348: 4250: 4008: 3655: 1443:

were also repulsed, troops from all three regiments of the German 14th Division and one from the 13th Division being identified.

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had also agreed to concentrate the BEF around Doullens, Arras and St Pol, ready for operations on the left of the Tenth Army.

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that from 13 to 31 October, the twelve 3rd Division battalions had been opposed by thirteen German infantry regiments, four

1773:

village were re-occupied. North of the village, the 9th Brigade was bombarded and sniped all day and but stood fast. Around

1072:, during the period between the Franco-British retreat and the Battle of the Marne. In August British marines had landed at 5354: 4774: 3566: 2147: 1454:

arrived and the 3rd Division was ordered back from Herlies and Grand Riez for about 1 mi (1.6 km) to a line from

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Military Operations France and Belgium, 1914 Mons, the Retreat to the Seine, the Marne and the Aisne August–October 1914

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Military Operations France and Belgium 1914: Mons, the Retreat to the Seine, the Marne and the Aisne August–October 1914

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in 1915, found no evidence to support such an allegation. On 7 November, the 14th Brigade relieved the 8th Brigade near

1677:

Some of the German troops pressed on through the village but 500 yd (460 m) to the west, met a party of about

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Military Operations France and Belgium, 1914: Antwerp, La Bassée, Armentières, Messines and Ypres October–November 1914

1010:, which took place at Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée and just south of La Bassée Canal, leaving the front line little changed. 1002:. The British repulsed German attacks until early November, after which both sides concentrated their resources on the 548: 435: 5199: 4893: 4709: 3988: 3459: 501: 4451: 4386: 3424: 2171:

The division was sent to the II Corps area but was incomplete, the battalions of the Jullundur Brigade having only

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The German attack was part of a larger operation by the 6th Army from La Bassée canal to the Lys at Frélinghien.

1716:, approved the decision to relinquish the village and the survivors of the three British battalions, fewer than 5250: 5245: 5240: 5230: 4924: 3576: 3551: 3449: 2176: 1236: 200: 1435:

which retook most of the lost trenches. Most of the British reserves had been committed but German attacks at

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was repulsed by the Indian infantry and artillery-fire from British and French artillery. Another attack at

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The North-east of France and the south-west Belgium are known as Flanders. West of a line between Arras and

565: 5538: 5174: 4801: 4741: 4638: 4543: 4313: 4099: 3803: 3642: 3541: 2159: 740: 570: 5412: 4849: 4834: 4692: 4644: 4416: 3967: 3841: 3754: 3749: 3518: 3506: 3501: 1550: 1069: 1023:

From 17 September to 17 October the belligerents had tried to turn the northern flank of their opponent.

988: 940: 912: 892: 725: 480: 36: 4028: 2992:

German Strategy and the Path to Verdun: Erich Von Falkenhayn and the Development of Attrition, 1870–1916

1827: 582: 5533: 5392: 5349: 4626: 4391: 4376: 4278: 4147: 3715: 3627: 3584: 3225:. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum and Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press. 887: 877: 855: 789: 705: 695: 668: 496: 390: 5334: 5102: 4686: 4674: 4436: 4421: 4142: 4033: 3727: 3705: 3454: 3444: 3377: 3173:

Military Operations France and Belgium, 1915: Winter 1915: Battle of Neuve Chapelle: Battles of Ypres

2094: 1281: 1048:

By 6 October, the French needed British reinforcements to withstand German attacks around Lille. The

935: 907: 862: 845: 801: 715: 636: 592: 587: 410: 234: 4288: 1426:

The II Corps brigades in line (from south to north) were the 15th, 13th, 14th, 7th, 9th and 8th; at

5523: 5309: 4796: 4786: 4715: 4668: 4656: 4596: 4411: 4406: 4328: 3737: 3710: 3414: 2130: 2122: 1883: 1629:

but the Germans got round a flank and almost surrounded the battalion; the last two companies lost

1077: 1065: 972: 964: 902: 840: 816: 720: 646: 310: 249: 2087: 1721: 1222:

By 4 October, the troops under Maud'huy were in danger of encirclement, German troops had reached

405: 5528: 5380: 5372: 5314: 5074: 4769: 4532: 4366: 4361: 4293: 4152: 4137: 4132: 4112: 3993: 3870: 1687: 1134:

and to the north-west lay the sea. The plain is almost flat, apart from a line of low hills from

867: 828: 806: 656: 597: 523: 385: 375: 4333: 5147: 4871: 4806: 4662: 4396: 4323: 4273: 4258: 4240: 4213: 4127: 4094: 3759: 3720: 3700: 3511: 3404: 882: 850: 811: 779: 710: 678: 651: 624: 533: 395: 222: 3347: 3222:

The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

3039:

A Record of the Battles and Engagements of the British Armies in France and Flanders 1914–1918

1646:

North of Neuve-Chapelle the counter-attack on a triangle of houses nearby did not begin until

1311: 1199:, along the Lys river, with isolated sugar beet and alcohol refineries and a steel works near 661: 5137: 4791: 4680: 4456: 4426: 4356: 4303: 4225: 4193: 4167: 4117: 4048: 3950: 3903: 3687: 3556: 3439: 2155: 2108: 2101: 1683: 1293: 1146:. From Kemmel, a low ridge lies to the north-east, declining in elevation past Ypres through 1003: 995: 897: 872: 730: 612: 516: 420: 313: 242: 171: 1737:

was made ready to follow up the attack on the right flank. To the north on the left flank a

1385:

was taken and a foothold established on Aubers Ridge on 17 October; French cavalry captured

1377:

From 16 to 18 October, II Corps attacks pivoted on the right and the left flank advanced to

5487: 5402: 4089: 4063: 4013: 3370: 3190: 3142: 2953: 2126: 1878: 1464: 1256:, just short of La Bassée Canal. Further north, the French I and II Cavalry corps (General 1061: 1036: 1028: 784: 213: 205: 4038: 2218:) were fired at the British, although the effect was so insignificant that no-one noticed. 1572:

replacements had arrived by 27 October, which brought the infantry battalions up to about

8: 5469: 4608: 4472: 4431: 4308: 4268: 4263: 4208: 3891: 3885: 3786: 3146: 2115: 1223: 1057: 1032: 794: 750: 745: 560: 538: 5422: 3357: 1613:

held the western exits and forced the Germans back into the village, which was on fire.

5429: 5344: 4703: 4567: 4549: 4514: 4478: 4318: 4283: 4235: 4220: 4107: 4058: 3897: 3856: 3536: 3194: 3088:

Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War, 1914–1920

3064: 2047: 1875: 767: 607: 528: 415: 306: 506: 5462: 5456: 5417: 5319: 5152: 4735: 4590: 4573: 4381: 4203: 4183: 4018: 4003: 3933: 3921: 3622: 3599: 3546: 3321: 3315: 3295: 3289: 3271: 3252: 3226: 3220: 3200: 3176: 3152: 3119: 3092: 3086: 3052: 3042: 3016: 3010: 2995: 2978: 2961: 2939: 2931: 2917: 2898: 1848: 1414: 833: 774: 577: 1088: 994:

German reinforcements arrived and regained the initiative, until the arrival of the

49: 4520: 4490: 4484: 4401: 4230: 4198: 4188: 3927: 3851: 3846: 3774: 3594: 3494: 1986:

The 5th Division casualties were similar and the Indian Corps up to 31 October had

1842:

and had assembled by 6 September. The French had been able to move troops in up to

1261: 735: 511: 380: 1242: 5329: 5169: 4508: 4068: 4043: 3742: 3650: 3489: 3285: 1503: 1200: 960: 930: 602: 361: 209: 40: 32: 1056:

on 5 October and reinforcements from England assembled on the left flank of the

5162: 5142: 4813: 4526: 4371: 4162: 4053: 3909: 3813: 3796: 2211: 2180: 1695: 1561: 1469: 1273: 984: 673: 543: 1184: 5502: 5273: 4561: 4555: 3998: 3915: 3826: 3325: 3204: 3096: 3056: 2982: 2043: 1257: 1188: 1139: 555: 217: 186: 96: 83: 3156: 2965: 1847:

all troop movements to the right flank were piecemeal. Until the end of the

4723: 4157: 3299: 3111: 1867: 1405: 1135: 999: 2035:

along its 8 mi (13 km) front. Some historians have written that

980: 75: 4934: 4839: 4537: 3972: 3393: 3251:(rev. Galago Publishing ed.). BFPO, Germany: 3rd Armoured Division. 3196:

The Doings of the Fifteenth Infantry Brigade, August, 1914 to March, 1915

1473: 1409: 1143: 156: 2042:

of Indian casualties were self-inflicted wounds, not always punished by

1636: 1544:

By morning, the II Corps headquarters staff were relieved, that despite

1359: 1183:

and Roubaix formed a manufacturing complex, with outlying industries at

1558: 1451: 1277: 1155: 1147: 1115: 1498: 1111: 4729: 4496: 2215: 2086:

from the Beuvry–Béthune road to a line from Estaires to Fournes, the

1797: 1606: 1596: 1386: 1382: 1301: 1285: 1265: 1253: 1180: 1159: 1151: 4989: 2051: 1863: 1331: 1297: 1269: 1123: 1093: 1053: 1859: 329: 2125:(11 November), from the Ypres–Comines Canal to Houthulst Forest. 1761: 1455: 1390: 1192: 1119: 1073: 3041:(London Stamp Exchange ed.). Aldershot: Gale & Polden. 2936:

Pyrrhic victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War

1832:

Outline of the Noyon Salient, formed from September–October 1914

448: 2549: 1564:, were sent and the field gun ammunition ration was doubled to 1378: 1252:

By 8 October, the French XXI Corps had moved its left flank to

1118:

and Calais. To the south-east, canals run between Lens, Lille,

1102: 1024: 317: 3362: 5157: 2809: 2807: 2023:

II Corps was withdrawn for ten day's rest, from the night of

1855: 1196: 1131: 1107: 976: 968: 2836: 2834: 979:. The British were driven back and the German army occupied 2744: 2443: 2441: 2260: 2258: 1232: 1227: 1127: 2819: 2804: 2792: 2768: 2756: 2708: 2696: 2657: 2645: 2609: 2597: 2585: 2561: 2525: 2426: 2306: 2270: 2154:, Indian Corps: Lahore Division less the Sirhind Brigade, 1600:

annihilated. Another attack began near Neuve-Chappelle at

1488: 1035:, by moving from eastern France from 2 to 9 September and 2831: 2780: 2686: 2684: 2231: 3249:

Iron Division: The History of the 3rd Division 1809–1989

2501: 2489: 2477: 2438: 2378: 2366: 2255: 1217: 2318: 2294: 2282: 2846: 2720: 2681: 2669: 2633: 2621: 2573: 2537: 2513: 2453: 2414: 2402: 2390: 2330: 1393:) but were forced to retire by German artillery-fire. 2732: 2465: 2354: 1712:

that night the 3rd Division commander, Major-General

1247:

Map of the Béthune area (commune FR insee code 62119)

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before a British force could secure the town and the

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attacked the exposed British flank further north at

5514:

Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

2243: 2175:the Ferozepore Brigade having been detached to the 1764:from Neuve-Chapelle advancing further south, until 3270:(1st ed.). Barnsley: Pen and Sword Military. 3073:. no ISBN. London: War Office. IOR/L/MIL/17/5/2402 2870: 2858: 2342: 2100:from the Douve to the Ypres–Comines Canal and the 3348:Battle of La Bassée, 10 October – 2 November 1914 3151:. Vol. I (1st ed.). London: Macmillan. 1264:, part of the 87th Territorial Division and some 5500: 3118:. Vol. I. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005:were inexperienced drafts. The Germans recorded 1450:news of the retirement of the 19th Brigade from 1324: 131: 4339:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 3320:. Vol. I. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons. 2183:) and the Sirhind Brigade still being in Egypt. 1982:with the 8th and 9th brigades reduced by about 1609:the Germans until the reserve company, down to 1589:Diagram of the La Bassée–Armentières area, 1914 2214:carrying an additional eye and nose irritant ( 1477:by French and Smith-Dorrien, for the night of 3378: 3317:The History of the Second Division, 1914–1918 2031:By 3 November, the Indian Corps had suffered 464: 345: 3170: 1978:from 12 to 31 October. The 3rd Division had 1888: 1744:Fog led to the attack being postponed until 1656: 1336: 1305: 1204: 1174: 1168: 987:. Around 15 October, the British recaptured 4822: 3008: 2840: 1787:when a final attack was made in the south. 5519:Battles of the Western Front (World War I) 3385: 3371: 3085: 2786: 1808: 1633:their men retreating through the village. 1179:). North of the canal, the city of Lille, 1142:, Mont Noir, Mont Rouge, Scherpenberg and 1052:(BEF) had begun to move from the Aisne to 471: 457: 352: 338: 3284: 2994:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1541:the attacks and several prisoners taken. 1349: 1018: 177: 5509:Battles of World War I involving Germany 4621:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 3358:Das, S. Podcast: Sepoys in the Great War 3189: 3110: 2750: 2312: 2276: 2012: 1826: 1635: 1583: 1497: 1358: 1241: 1096:Plain: Belgium and northern France, 1914 1087: 1043: 162: 4998:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 3265: 3141: 2972: 2952: 2930: 2914:Paths of Glory: The French Army 1914–18 2911: 2892: 2852: 2825: 2813: 2798: 2774: 2762: 2738: 2726: 2714: 2702: 2690: 2675: 2663: 2651: 2639: 2627: 2615: 2603: 2591: 2579: 2567: 2555: 2543: 2531: 2519: 2507: 2495: 2483: 2471: 2459: 2447: 2432: 2420: 2408: 2396: 2384: 2372: 2360: 2336: 2324: 2300: 2288: 2264: 2237: 1489:German attacks, 20 October – 2 November 1288:and was ordered to advance on Béthune. 147: 5501: 3313: 3246: 3171:Edmonds, J. E.; Wynne, G. C. (1995) . 2093:from Estaires to the Douve river, the 54:Neuve Chapelle to La Bassée area, 1914 4951:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 4294:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 3366: 3218: 3063: 3036: 2989: 2876: 2864: 2348: 2249: 1218:Franco-British offensive preparations 452: 333: 246:French II Cavalry Corps (detachments) 5355:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 3009:Hussey, A. H.; Inman, D. S. (1921). 1364:Aubers ridge, east of Neuve Chapelle 1280:. From 8 to 9 October, the British 1276:, by French Territorial troops near 5284:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 4085:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 3012:The Fifth Division in the Great War 2897:(2006 ed.). London: Longmans. 2207:shell was used on 27 October, when 2146:British order of battle, II Corps: 1158:, curving north then north-west to 1083: 1031:to move to the north of the French 359: 13: 4024:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 3134: 2009:during the battles with II Corps. 1699:counter-attack which had begun at 14: 5555: 3341: 1796:brigades near La Quinque Rue and 991:but failed to recover La Bassée. 478: 286: 16:Battle during the First World War 4387:Second Battle of the Piave River 4009:Russian invasion of East Prussia 2938:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. 1990:On 31 October II Corps had only 1605:occupied but the flanking units 1579: 1493: 1354: 285: 278: 179: 164: 149: 133: 48: 5451:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 4651:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 3392: 2195: 2186: 2165: 2140: 5274:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 5133:Deportations from East Prussia 4930:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 2076: 1905: 1268:, held a line from Béthune to 1: 5185:Ukrainian Canadian internment 3268:The German Army at Ypres 1914 2895:Ypres: The First Battle, 1914 2885: 2062:the First Action of Givenchy 2036: 1999: 1972: 1901: 1790: 1727: 1421: 1325:German offensive preparations 1316: 1013: 261: 5340:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 4639:Estonian War of Independence 4314:Southern Palestine offensive 3116:The First World War: To Arms 2225: 2160:Secunderabad Cavalry Brigade 2152:Indian Expeditionary Force A 2066:and the Affairs of Cuinchy. 1817: 66:10 October – 2 November 1914 7: 5294:USA against Austria-Hungary 4693:Turkish War of Independence 4645:Latvian War of Independence 4377:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 3968:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 2105:(19 October – 22 November), 2019:Winter operations 1914–1915 1822: 1753:men and the Sappers losing 1641:Neuve Chapelle and district 1070:National redoubt of Belgium 1050:British Expeditionary Force 941:Western Front tactics, 1917 10: 5560: 5377:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 4925:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 4392:Second Battle of the Marne 4279:Second battle of the Aisne 4148:Second Battle of Champagne 3989:German invasion of Belgium 3291:With the Indians in France 2016: 1854:only the single line from 1212: 1076:. In October a new German 1064:. The moves of the German 5483: 5442: 5363: 5302: 5264: 5208: 5197: 5158:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 5101: 5073: 5021: 4943: 4917: 4869: 4762: 4755: 4687:Irish War of Independence 4583: 4465: 4437:Armistice of Villa Giusti 4422:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 4347: 4249: 4176: 4077: 4034:First Battle of the Marne 3981: 3943: 3878: 3869: 3812: 3686: 3675: 3641: 3613: 3575: 3527: 3480: 3473: 3400: 2150:, 3rd and 5th divisions. 2098:(12 October – 2 November) 2091:(13 October – 2 November) 2084:(10 October – 2 November) 1976: 14,000 casualties, 1852:(24 August – 7 September) 1344: 488: 371: 273: 255: 228: 193: 124: 58: 47: 30: 25: 5310:Constantinople Agreement 4603:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 4466:Co-belligerent conflicts 4442:Second Romanian campaign 4412:Third Transjordan attack 4123:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 4029:Battle of Grand Couronné 3199:. Edinburgh: Blackwood. 2558:, pp. 205, 208–209. 2135:19 October – 2 November, 2123:Battle of Nonne Bosschen 2069: 1998:establishment, of which 1884:History of the Great War 1674:including replacements. 1620:a reserve battalion and 1320: 1,000 casualties. 5373:Modus vivendi of Acroma 5325:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 4633:Greater Poland Uprising 4533:National Protection War 4417:Meuse–Argonne offensive 4367:German spring offensive 4362:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 4138:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 4113:Second Battle of Artois 3994:Battle of the Frontiers 3353:British order of battle 2973:Edmonds, J. E. (1925). 2841:Hussey & Inman 1921 1809:30 October – 2 November 1130:river from Courtrai to 829:German spring offensive 5398:Paris Peace Conference 5386:Ukraine–Central Powers 5180:Massacres of Albanians 5148:Late Ottoman genocides 4955:Bulgarian occupations 4663:Third Anglo-Afghan War 4627:Hungarian–Romanian War 4452:Naval Victory Bulletin 4447:Armistice with Germany 4397:Hundred Days Offensive 4324:Battle of La Malmaison 4274:Second battle of Arras 4241:Battle of Transylvania 4095:Second Battle of Ypres 3963:Sarajevo assassination 3852:South African Republic 3219:Jones, H. A. (2002) . 3091:. London: HMSO. 1922. 3037:James, E. A. (1990) . 2990:Foley, R. T. (2007) . 1889: 1834: 1800:was attacked at about 1684:3rd Sappers and Miners 1657: 1655:two companies and 600 1643: 1591: 1508: 1366: 1350:British-French attacks 1338:Armeegruppe von Fabeck 1337: 1306: 1249: 1205: 1175: 1173:) and miners' houses ( 1169: 1098: 1019:Strategic developments 989:Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée 223:Crown Prince Rupprecht 194:Commanders and leaders 5408:Treaty of St. Germain 5381:Russia–Central Powers 5335:Sykes–Picot Agreement 5163:Pontic Greek genocide 5138:Destruction of Kalisz 5114:Eastern Mediterranean 4675:Polish–Lithuanian War 4457:Armistice of Belgrade 4427:Armistice of Salonica 4357:Operation Faustschlag 4304:Third Battle of Oituz 4226:Baranovichi offensive 4194:Lake Naroch offensive 4168:Battle of Robat Karim 4143:Vistula–Bug offensive 4118:Battles of the Isonzo 4049:First Battle of Ypres 3294:. London: Constable. 2088:Battle of Armentières 2013:Subsequent operations 1907:BEF casualties, 1914 1874:In 1925, the British 1830: 1639: 1587: 1501: 1362: 1245: 1091: 1044:Tactical developments 1004:First Battle of Ypres 256:Casualties and losses 5544:November 1914 events 5403:Treaty of Versailles 5119:Mount Lebanon famine 5034:in the United States 5002:Russian occupations 4716:Turkish–Armenian War 4657:Polish–Ukrainian War 4597:Ukrainian–Soviet War 4544:Central Asian Revolt 4334:Armistice of Focșani 4064:Battle of Sarikamish 4014:Battle of Tannenberg 3410:Military engagements 3266:Sheldon, J. (2010). 3247:McNish, R. (1990) . 2912:Clayton, A. (2003). 2179:(Lieutenant-General 2109:Battle of Langemarck 2058:Defence of Givenchy 1463:During the fighting 936:French Army mutinies 931:1914 Christmas truce 701:Hohenzollern Redoubt 301:class=notpageimage| 206:Horace Smith-Dorrien 97:50.53417°N 2.80806°E 5539:October 1914 events 5470:They shall not pass 5393:Treaty of Bucharest 5350:Treaty of Bucharest 5289:USA against Germany 5266:Declarations of war 4970:German occupations 4883:British casualties 4742:Soviet–Georgian War 4669:Egyptian Revolution 4609:Armeno-Georgian War 4473:Somaliland campaign 4432:Armistice of Mudros 4309:Battle of Caporetto 4299:Battle of Mărășești 4269:Zimmermann telegram 4264:February Revolution 4209:Battle of the Somme 4133:Bug-Narew Offensive 4108:Battle of Gallipoli 4100:Sinking of the RMS 3892:Scramble for Africa 3886:Franco-Prussian War 3542:Sinai and Palestine 3314:Wyrall, E. (1921). 2916:. London: Cassell. 2893:Beckett, I (2003). 2828:, pp. 221–223. 2816:, pp. 139–140. 2801:, pp. 222–223. 2777:, pp. 460–462. 2765:, pp. 223–224. 2753:, pp. 265–266. 2717:, pp. 221–222. 2705:, pp. 220–221. 2666:, pp. 217–219. 2654:, pp. 216–217. 2618:, pp. 214–215. 2606:, pp. 213–214. 2594:, pp. 212–213. 2570:, pp. 209–211. 2534:, pp. 205–207. 2435:, pp. 259–260. 2315:, pp. 268–269. 2279:, pp. 269–270. 2240:, pp. 125–126. 2148:2nd Cavalry Brigade 2116:Battle of Gheluvelt 2046:but a study by Sir 1908: 1722:Richebourg St Vaast 1504:Sir James Willcocks 1284:arrived by rail at 1027:ordered the French 956:Battle of La Bassée 925:Associated articles 642:Hartmannswillerkopf 502:Invasion of Belgium 239:2nd Cavalry Brigade 93: / 26:Battle of La Bassée 5430:Treaty of Lausanne 5345:Paris Economy Pact 5279:UK against Germany 5209:Entry into the war 5175:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 4894:Ottoman casualties 4704:Franco-Turkish War 4584:Post-War conflicts 4568:Russian Revolution 4550:Invasion of Darfur 4515:Kelantan rebellion 4503:Kurdish rebellions 4479:Mexican Revolution 4319:October Revolution 4284:Kerensky offensive 4259:Capture of Baghdad 4236:Monastir offensive 4221:Brusilov offensive 4059:Battle of Kolubara 3898:Russo-Japanese War 3191:Gleichen, A. E. W. 3015:. London: Nisbet. 2267:, pp. 98–100. 2131:official historian 2095:Battle of Messines 2040: 65 per cent 1906: 1876:official historian 1835: 1720:were collected at 1644: 1592: 1553:gun batteries and 1509: 1506:, GOC Indian Corps 1367: 1250: 1099: 1008:Affairs of Cuinchy 5534:Conflicts in 1914 5496: 5495: 5479: 5478: 5463:The Golden Virgin 5457:Mutilated victory 5438: 5437: 5418:Treaty of Trianon 5413:Treaty of Neuilly 5320:Damascus Protocol 5193: 5192: 5153:Armenian genocide 5110:Allied blockades 5082:Belgian refugees 4865: 4864: 4775:Strategic bombing 4751: 4750: 4736:Franco-Syrian War 4710:Greco-Turkish War 4698:Anglo-Turkish War 4681:Polish–Soviet War 4615:German Revolution 4591:Russian Civil War 4574:Finnish Civil War 4407:Battle of Megiddo 4382:Battle of Goychay 4329:Battle of Cambrai 4289:Battle of Mărăști 4204:Battle of Jutland 4184:Erzurum offensive 4039:Siege of Przemyśl 4019:Siege of Tsingtao 4004:Battle of Galicia 3934:Second Balkan War 3922:Italo-Turkish War 3879:Pre-War conflicts 3865: 3864: 3755:Portuguese Empire 3671: 3670: 3633:German New Guinea 3615:Asian and Pacific 3277:978-1-84884-113-0 3258:978-0-946995-97-4 3232:978-1-84342-413-0 3182:978-0-89839-218-0 3125:978-0-19-926191-8 3048:978-0-948130-18-2 3022:978-1-84342-267-9 3001:978-0-521-04436-3 2945:978-0-674-01880-8 2923:978-0-304-35949-3 2904:978-1-4058-3620-3 2510:, pp. 89–90. 2498:, pp. 88–89. 2486:, pp. 87–88. 2450:, pp. 81–87. 2387:, pp. 77–81. 2375:, pp. 68–71. 2327:, pp. 69–70. 2303:, pp. 74–76. 2291:, pp. 73–74. 2173:700–800 men each, 2064:(25 January 1915) 2060:(20–21 December), 2056:(23–24 November), 1988:1,565 casualties. 1971:The II Corps had 1969: 1968: 1849:Siege of Maubeuge 1461:1,079 casualties. 1396:The fresh German 1206:Barrières fermėes 949: 948: 775:Nivelle offensive 549:Trouée de Charmes 446: 445: 328: 327: 214:Louis de Maud'huy 120: 119: 102:50.53417; 2.80806 5551: 5423:Treaty of Sèvres 5315:Treaty of London 5206: 5205: 4984:Northeast France 4915: 4914: 4887:Parliamentarians 4820: 4819: 4782:Chemical weapons 4760: 4759: 4521:Senussi campaign 4491:Muscat rebellion 4485:Maritz rebellion 4402:Vardar offensive 4231:Battle of Romani 4199:Battle of Asiago 4189:Battle of Verdun 4153:Kosovo offensive 3928:First Balkan War 3876: 3875: 3775:Russian Republic 3684: 3683: 3478: 3477: 3420:Economic history 3387: 3380: 3373: 3364: 3363: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3281: 3262: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3186: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3129: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3060: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3005: 2986: 2969: 2949: 2927: 2908: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2529: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 2316: 2310: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2268: 2262: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2219: 2210: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2184: 2174: 2169: 2163: 2144: 2138: 2136: 2120: 2113: 2112:(21–24 October), 2106: 2102:Battles of Ypres 2099: 2092: 2085: 2080: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2033:1,989 casualties 2026: 2008: 2007:6,000 casualties 2004: 2003: 1,400 men 2001: 1997: 1994:of the original 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1974: 1909: 1896: 1892: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1803: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1736: 1719: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1680: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658:chasseurs à pied 1654: 1649: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1612: 1603: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1547: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1523: 1514: 1485:Louis Conneau). 1480: 1462: 1449: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1376: 1372: 1340: 1321: 1318: 1309: 1226:, north-west of 1208: 1178: 1172: 1084:Flanders terrain 888:St Quentin Canal 483: 473: 466: 459: 450: 449: 366: 364: 354: 347: 340: 331: 330: 289: 288: 282: 266: 263: 189: 185: 183: 182: 174: 170: 168: 167: 159: 155: 153: 152: 143: 139: 137: 136: 108: 107: 105: 104: 103: 98: 94: 91: 90: 89: 86: 60: 59: 52: 23: 22: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5549: 5548: 5524:Race to the Sea 5499: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5475: 5434: 5366: 5359: 5330:Treaty of Darin 5298: 5260: 5216:Austria-Hungary 5202: 5189: 5170:Rape of Belgium 5097: 5069: 5017: 5011:Western Armenia 5006:Eastern Galicia 4939: 4913: 4877: 4876:Civilian impact 4875: 4861: 4818: 4747: 4579: 4509:Ovambo Uprising 4461: 4343: 4245: 4172: 4090:Battle of Łomża 4073: 4069:Christmas truce 4044:Race to the Sea 3977: 3939: 3861: 3832:Austria-Hungary 3808: 3743:Empire of Japan 3680: 3678: 3667: 3651:U-boat campaign 3637: 3609: 3571: 3523: 3469: 3450:Popular culture 3396: 3391: 3344: 3339: 3330: 3328: 3304: 3302: 3278: 3259: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3209: 3207: 3183: 3161: 3159: 3137: 3135:Further reading 3132: 3126: 3101: 3099: 3076: 3074: 3049: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3002: 2946: 2924: 2905: 2888: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2863: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2812: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2787:War Office 1922 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2713: 2709: 2701: 2697: 2689: 2682: 2674: 2670: 2662: 2658: 2650: 2646: 2638: 2634: 2626: 2622: 2614: 2610: 2602: 2598: 2590: 2586: 2578: 2574: 2566: 2562: 2554: 2550: 2542: 2538: 2530: 2526: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2502: 2494: 2490: 2482: 2478: 2470: 2466: 2458: 2454: 2446: 2439: 2431: 2427: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2403: 2395: 2391: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2323: 2319: 2311: 2307: 2299: 2295: 2287: 2283: 2275: 2271: 2263: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2222: 2212:shrapnel shells 2208: 2203: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2156:Meerut Division 2145: 2141: 2134: 2119:(29–31 October) 2118: 2111: 2107:comprising the 2104: 2097: 2090: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2039: 2032: 2024: 2021: 2015: 2006: 2002: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1904: 1894: 1893:battalions and 1881:, wrote in the 1851: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1825: 1820: 1811: 1801: 1793: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1734: 1730: 1717: 1714:Colin Mackenzie 1708: 1704: 1700: 1688:Frederick Maude 1678: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1617: 1610: 1601: 1590: 1582: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1545: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1521: 1512: 1507: 1496: 1491: 1478: 1460: 1447: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1424: 1375:967 casualties. 1374: 1370: 1365: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1327: 1319: 1248: 1220: 1215: 1201:Aire-sur-la-Lys 1097: 1086: 1046: 1021: 1016: 996:Lahore Division 961:Race to the Sea 952: 951: 950: 945: 922: 726:Vimy Ridge 1916 603:Race to the Sea 571:1st St. Quentin 493: 484: 479: 477: 447: 442: 367: 363:Race to the Sea 362: 360: 358: 324: 323: 322: 321: 320: 303: 297: 296: 295: 294: 290: 264: 245: 243:Lahore Division 241: 237: 216: 212: 210:James Willcocks 208: 204: 180: 178: 165: 163: 150: 148: 134: 132: 101: 99: 95: 92: 87: 84: 82: 80: 79: 78: 53: 41:First World War 33:Race to the Sea 17: 12: 11: 5: 5557: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5529:1914 in France 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5490: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5466: 5459: 5454: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5426: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5395: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5383: 5375: 5369: 5367: 5365:Peace treaties 5364: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5270: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5253: 5251:United Kingdom 5248: 5243: 5241:Ottoman Empire 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5212: 5210: 5203: 5198: 5195: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5145: 5143:Sack of Dinant 5140: 5135: 5130: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5107: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5093: 5091:United Kingdom 5088: 5079: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5051: 5045:POW locations 5043: 5038: 5037: 5036: 5027: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5014: 5013: 5008: 5000: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4961: 4953: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4919: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4896: 4891: 4890: 4889: 4880: 4878: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4853: 4852: 4845:United Kingdom 4842: 4840:Ottoman Empire 4837: 4832: 4826: 4824: 4817: 4816: 4814:Trench warfare 4811: 4810: 4809: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4778: 4777: 4766: 4764: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4745: 4739: 4733: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4701: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4530: 4527:Volta-Bani War 4524: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4469: 4467: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4372:Zeebrugge Raid 4369: 4364: 4359: 4353: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4255: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4163:Battle of Loos 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4054:Black Sea raid 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3959: 3958: 3956:Historiography 3947: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3910:Bosnian Crisis 3907: 3904:Tangier Crisis 3901: 3895: 3889: 3882: 3880: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3837:Ottoman Empire 3834: 3829: 3824: 3818: 3816: 3814:Central Powers 3810: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3800: 3799: 3797:British Empire 3792:United Kingdom 3789: 3784: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3770:Russian Empire 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3746: 3745: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3692: 3690: 3688:Entente Powers 3681: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3659: 3658: 3656:North Atlantic 3647: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3619: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3581: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3569: 3567:Central Arabia 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3533: 3531: 3529:Middle Eastern 3525: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3515: 3514: 3504: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3486: 3484: 3475: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3430:Historiography 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3401: 3398: 3397: 3390: 3389: 3382: 3375: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3343: 3342:External links 3340: 3338: 3337: 3311: 3282: 3276: 3263: 3257: 3244: 3231: 3216: 3187: 3181: 3168: 3143:Edmonds, J. E. 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3124: 3108: 3083: 3061: 3047: 3034: 3021: 3006: 3000: 2987: 2970: 2954:Edmonds, J. E. 2950: 2944: 2932:Doughty, R. A. 2928: 2922: 2909: 2903: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2881: 2869: 2857: 2855:, p. 223. 2845: 2830: 2818: 2803: 2791: 2789:, p. 253. 2779: 2767: 2755: 2743: 2731: 2729:, p. 100. 2719: 2707: 2695: 2693:, p. 220. 2680: 2678:, p. 219. 2668: 2656: 2644: 2642:, p. 216. 2632: 2630:, p. 215. 2620: 2608: 2596: 2584: 2582:, p. 211. 2572: 2560: 2548: 2546:, p. 208. 2536: 2524: 2522:, p. 207. 2512: 2500: 2488: 2476: 2464: 2462:, p. 206. 2452: 2437: 2425: 2423:, p. 224. 2413: 2411:, p. 168. 2401: 2399:, p. 122. 2389: 2377: 2365: 2353: 2341: 2339:, p. 408. 2329: 2317: 2305: 2293: 2281: 2269: 2254: 2252:, p. 101. 2242: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2220: 2209:3,000 × 105 mm 2194: 2185: 2181:Edmund Allenby 2164: 2139: 2129:, the British 2074: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2017:Main article: 2014: 2011: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1903: 1900: 1831: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1810: 1807: 1792: 1789: 1768:when the last 1729: 1726: 1696:Thomas Morland 1694:Major-General 1640: 1631:80 per cent of 1588: 1581: 1578: 1562:armoured train 1522:23/24 October, 1513:22/23 October, 1502: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1479:22/23 October. 1470:Neuve-Chapelle 1423: 1420: 1363: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1326: 1323: 1246: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1092: 1085: 1082: 1045: 1042: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 998:, part of the 985:Neuve Chapelle 947: 946: 944: 943: 938: 933: 921: 920: 918:Lys and Escaut 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 859: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 820: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 798: 797: 792: 787: 782: 772: 765: 754: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 687: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 665: 664: 654: 649: 647:Neuve Chapelle 644: 639: 628: 627: 622: 620:Winter actions 617: 616: 615: 610: 600: 595: 590: 585: 583:Grand Couronné 580: 575: 574: 573: 568: 563: 553: 552: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 521: 520: 519: 514: 509: 499: 489: 486: 485: 476: 475: 468: 461: 453: 444: 443: 441: 440: 439: 438: 436:Nonne Bosschen 433: 428: 418: 413: 408: 403: 401:La Bassée 398: 393: 391:Bois-le-Prêtre 388: 383: 378: 372: 369: 368: 357: 356: 349: 342: 334: 326: 325: 304: 299: 298: 292: 291: 284: 283: 277: 276: 275: 274: 271: 270: 267: 258: 257: 253: 252: 247: 231: 230: 226: 225: 220: 196: 195: 191: 190: 175: 161: 160: 141:United Kingdom 127: 126: 122: 121: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 74: 72: 68: 67: 64: 56: 55: 45: 44: 28: 27: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5556: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5472: 5471: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5431: 5428: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5362: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5257: 5256:United States 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5201: 5196: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5127: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4873: 4868: 4858: 4857:United States 4855: 4851: 4848: 4847: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4812: 4808: 4807:Convoy system 4805: 4804: 4803: 4802:Naval warfare 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4575: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4562:Kaocen revolt 4560: 4557: 4556:Easter Rising 4554: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4464: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4128:Great Retreat 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3999:Battle of Cer 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3916:Agadir Crisis 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3805: 3804:United States 3802: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3722: 3721:French Empire 3719: 3718: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3674: 3664: 3663:Mediterranean 3661: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3643:Naval warfare 3640: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3574: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3519:Italian Front 3517: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3507:Eastern Front 3505: 3503: 3502:Western Front 3500: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3460:Puppet states 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3383: 3381: 3376: 3374: 3369: 3368: 3365: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3345: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3318: 3312: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3286:Willcocks, J. 3283: 3279: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3234: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3217: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3127: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3072: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3024: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3007: 3003: 2997: 2993: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2890: 2878: 2873: 2866: 2861: 2854: 2849: 2843:, p. 47. 2842: 2837: 2835: 2827: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2808: 2800: 2795: 2788: 2783: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2759: 2752: 2751:Strachan 2001 2747: 2741:, p. 62. 2740: 2735: 2728: 2723: 2716: 2711: 2704: 2699: 2692: 2687: 2685: 2677: 2672: 2665: 2660: 2653: 2648: 2641: 2636: 2629: 2624: 2617: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2593: 2588: 2581: 2576: 2569: 2564: 2557: 2552: 2545: 2540: 2533: 2528: 2521: 2516: 2509: 2504: 2497: 2492: 2485: 2480: 2474:, p. 87. 2473: 2468: 2461: 2456: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2434: 2429: 2422: 2417: 2410: 2405: 2398: 2393: 2386: 2381: 2374: 2369: 2363:, p. 92. 2362: 2357: 2350: 2345: 2338: 2333: 2326: 2321: 2314: 2313:Strachan 2001 2309: 2302: 2297: 2290: 2285: 2278: 2277:Strachan 2001 2273: 2266: 2261: 2259: 2251: 2246: 2239: 2234: 2230: 2217: 2213: 2198: 2189: 2182: 2178: 2177:Cavalry Corps 2168: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2132: 2128: 2127:James Edmonds 2124: 2117: 2110: 2103: 2096: 2089: 2079: 2075: 2067: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2044:court martial 2029: 2025:29/30 October 2020: 2010: 1980:5,835 losses, 1965: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1899: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1880: 1879:James Edmonds 1877: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1850: 1829: 1815: 1806: 1799: 1788: 1763: 1758: 1742: 1740: 1725: 1723: 1715: 1697: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1675: 1659: 1638: 1634: 1614: 1608: 1598: 1586: 1580:26–27 October 1577: 1570:2,000 British 1563: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1542: 1525: 1519: 1505: 1500: 1494:22–25 October 1486: 1484: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1465:Smith-Dorrien 1457: 1453: 1444: 1419: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1402:14th Division 1399: 1398:13th Division 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1361: 1355:14–20 October 1342: 1339: 1333: 1322: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1258:Louis Conneau 1255: 1244: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1210: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1171: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1156:Passchendaele 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1140:Mont des Cats 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1095: 1090: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 957: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 928: 927: 926: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 893:Meuse-Argonne 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 836: 832: 831: 830: 827: 826: 825: 824: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 807:Passchendaele 805: 803: 800: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 777: 776: 773: 771: 770: 766: 764: 761: 760: 759: 758: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 693: 692: 691: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 669:2nd Champagne 667: 663: 660: 659: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 637:1st Champagne 635: 634: 633: 632: 626: 623: 621: 618: 614: 611: 609: 606: 605: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 558: 557: 556:Great Retreat 554: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 526: 525: 522: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 504: 503: 500: 498: 495: 494: 492: 487: 482: 481:Western Front 474: 469: 467: 462: 460: 455: 454: 451: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 423: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 373: 370: 365: 355: 350: 348: 343: 341: 336: 335: 332: 319: 315: 312: 308: 302: 281: 272: 268: 265: 15,000 260: 259: 254: 251: 248: 244: 240: 236: 233: 232: 227: 224: 221: 219: 218:Louis Conneau 215: 211: 207: 202: 198: 197: 192: 188: 176: 173: 158: 146: 145: 144: 142: 129: 128: 123: 115: 112: 111: 106: 77: 73: 70: 69: 65: 62: 61: 57: 51: 46: 42: 38: 37:Western Front 34: 29: 24: 19: 5468: 5461: 5449: 5056: / 4988: 4823:Conscription 4787:Cryptography 4724:Iraqi Revolt 4158:Siege of Kut 4101: 3679:participants 3628:German Samoa 3562:South Arabia 3329:. Retrieved 3316: 3303:. Retrieved 3290: 3267: 3248: 3236:. Retrieved 3221: 3208:. Retrieved 3195: 3172: 3160:. Retrieved 3147: 3115: 3112:Strachan, H. 3100:. Retrieved 3087: 3075:. Retrieved 3069: 3065:Seton, Bruce 3038: 3026:. Retrieved 3011: 2991: 2974: 2957: 2935: 2913: 2894: 2879:, p. 6. 2872: 2867:, p. 8. 2860: 2853:Edmonds 1925 2848: 2826:Edmonds 1925 2821: 2814:Beckett 2003 2799:Edmonds 1925 2794: 2782: 2775:Edmonds 1925 2770: 2763:Edmonds 1925 2758: 2746: 2739:Clayton 2003 2734: 2727:Doughty 2005 2722: 2715:Edmonds 1925 2710: 2703:Edmonds 1925 2698: 2691:Edmonds 1925 2676:Edmonds 1925 2671: 2664:Edmonds 1925 2659: 2652:Edmonds 1925 2647: 2640:Edmonds 1925 2635: 2628:Edmonds 1925 2623: 2616:Edmonds 1925 2611: 2604:Edmonds 1925 2599: 2592:Edmonds 1925 2587: 2580:Edmonds 1925 2575: 2568:Edmonds 1925 2563: 2556:Edmonds 1925 2551: 2544:Edmonds 1925 2539: 2532:Edmonds 1925 2527: 2520:Edmonds 1925 2515: 2508:Edmonds 1925 2503: 2496:Edmonds 1925 2491: 2484:Edmonds 1925 2479: 2472:Edmonds 1925 2467: 2460:Edmonds 1925 2455: 2448:Edmonds 1925 2433:Edmonds 1925 2428: 2421:Edmonds 1925 2416: 2409:Edmonds 1925 2404: 2397:Edmonds 1925 2392: 2385:Edmonds 1925 2380: 2373:Edmonds 1925 2368: 2361:Edmonds 1925 2356: 2351:, p. 4. 2344: 2337:Edmonds 1926 2332: 2325:Edmonds 1925 2320: 2308: 2301:Edmonds 1925 2296: 2289:Edmonds 1925 2284: 2272: 2265:Doughty 2005 2245: 2238:Edmonds 1925 2233: 2197: 2188: 2167: 2142: 2078: 2030: 2022: 1984:50 per cent. 1970: 1963: 1882: 1873: 1868:Valenciennes 1836: 1812: 1794: 1759: 1743: 1739:6th Division 1731: 1693: 1676: 1645: 1615: 1597:Very pistols 1593: 1554: 1543: 1526: 1518:Henry Watkis 1510: 1482: 1445: 1425: 1395: 1368: 1328: 1290: 1251: 1221: 1165: 1100: 1047: 1022: 1000:Indian Corps 993: 955: 953: 924: 923: 883:Saint-Mihiel 851:Belleau Wood 834: 822: 821: 812:La Malmaison 768: 756: 755: 721:Kink Salient 689: 688: 684:Gas: Wieltje 630: 629: 490: 400: 316:in northern 130: 125:Belligerents 116:Inconclusive 31:Part of the 18: 5086:Netherlands 5063:Switzerland 4944:Occupations 4935:Spanish flu 4712:(1919–1922) 4706:(1918–1921) 4700:(1918–1923) 4689:(1919–1921) 4683:(1919–1921) 4677:(1919–1920) 4653:(1918–1920) 4647:(1918–1920) 4641:(1918–1920) 4623:(1918–1920) 4605:(1918–1920) 4599:(1917–1921) 4593:(1917–1921) 4540:(1916-1918) 4538:Arab Revolt 4529:(1915–1917) 4523:(1915–1917) 4511:(1914-1917) 4505:(1914–1917) 4499:(1914–1921) 4493:(1913–1920) 4481:(1910–1920) 4475:(1900–1920) 3973:July Crisis 3894:(1880–1914) 3557:Mesopotamia 3435:Home fronts 3394:World War I 2048:Bruce Seton 1755:30 per cent 1746:11:00 a.m., 1679:250 British 1653:11:00 a.m., 1648:10:00 a.m., 1534:11:00 a.m., 1474:Fauquissart 1415:60-pounders 1410:breastworks 1302:Pont du Hem 1185:Armentières 1144:Mont Kemmel 1062:Eighth Army 1029:Second Army 903:2nd Cambrai 741:Boar's Head 731:Mont Sorrel 406:Armentières 376:1st Picardy 201:John French 100: / 5503:Categories 5303:Agreements 5103:War crimes 4979:Luxembourg 4872:Casualties 3750:Montenegro 3585:South West 3465:Technology 3455:Propaganda 3445:Opposition 3077:7 November 2886:References 2877:James 1990 2865:Seton 1915 2349:James 1990 2250:Foley 2007 2216:Dianisidin 1996:24,000 man 1992:14,000 men 1902:Casualties 1895:27 cavalry 1844:200 trains 1840:109 trains 1802:4:00 a.m., 1791:29 October 1785:9:00 p.m., 1762:debouching 1751:221 of 289 1728:28 October 1705:5:00 p.m., 1622:300 French 1559:Royal Navy 1529:2:00 a.m., 1452:Le Maisnil 1433:11:00 a.m. 1422:21 October 1278:Hazebrouck 1148:Wytschaete 1138:, east to 1116:Saint-Omer 1058:Tenth Army 1037:Falkenhayn 1033:Sixth Army 1014:Background 716:Wulverghem 679:3rd Artois 657:2nd Artois 625:1st Artois 426:Langemarck 314:department 305:La Bassée 88:02°48′29″E 85:50°32′03″N 5200:Diplomacy 4907:Olympians 4830:Australia 4797:Logistics 4730:Vlora War 4659:(1918–19) 4635:(1918–19) 4629:(1918–19) 4617:(1918–19) 4564:(1916–17) 4546:(1916–17) 4497:Zaian War 4487:(1914–15) 4214:first day 4102:Lusitania 3930:(1912–13) 3924:(1911–12) 3912:(1908–09) 3906:(1905–06) 3888:(1870–71) 3677:Principal 3537:Gallipoli 3440:Memorials 3425:Geography 3415:Aftermath 3326:827208685 3210:10 August 3205:810917679 3162:4 January 3102:18 August 3097:610661991 3057:250857010 2983:220044986 2226:Footnotes 2204:9:00 p.m. 1928:September 1818:Aftermath 1798:Festubert 1780:5:00 p.m. 1775:1:00 p.m. 1766:2:00 p.m. 1701:1:30 p.m. 1668:2:30 p.m. 1664:1:30 p.m. 1627:7:30 a.m. 1618:6:00 p.m. 1607:enfiladed 1602:4:00 p.m. 1566:60 shells 1538:9:00 p.m. 1448:6:30 p.m. 1441:4:00 p.m. 1437:2:30 p.m. 1428:7:00 a.m. 1387:Fromelles 1383:Violaines 1371:14 and 15 1286:Abbeville 1266:Chasseurs 1254:Vermelles 1181:Tourcoing 1160:Diksmuide 1152:Gheluvelt 981:La Bassée 898:5th Ypres 878:2nd Somme 856:2nd Marne 846:3rd Aisne 795:The Hills 790:2nd Aisne 751:Fromelles 746:1st Somme 696:The Bluff 662:Hébuterne 652:2nd Ypres 613:1st Ypres 593:1st Aisne 588:1st Marne 561:Le Cateau 539:Charleroi 524:Frontiers 431:Gheluvelt 421:1st Ypres 293:La Bassée 76:La Bassée 5488:Category 5075:Refugees 5041:Italians 5030:Germans 4990:Ober Ost 4770:Aviation 3871:Timeline 3842:Bulgaria 3623:Tsingtao 3600:Togoland 3547:Caucasus 3482:European 3474:Theatres 3331:8 August 3288:(1920). 3238:9 August 3193:(1917). 3157:58962523 3145:(1922). 3114:(2001). 3067:(1915). 3028:22 March 2966:58962523 2956:(1926). 2934:(2005). 2158:and the 2121:and the 2052:Laventie 1952:December 1944:November 1864:Brussels 1823:Analysis 1735:400 men, 1718:600 men, 1555:Jellicoe 1551:4.7-inch 1332:Warneton 1312:Noyelles 1298:Chocques 1282:II Corps 1274:Bailleul 1270:Estaires 1262:de Mitry 1224:Givenchy 1124:Courtrai 1094:Flanders 1078:4th Army 1066:7th Army 1054:Flanders 973:4th Army 965:6th Army 908:Courtrai 863:Soissons 802:Messines 769:Alberich 578:Maubeuge 534:Ardennes 529:Lorraine 497:Moresnet 411:Messines 250:6th Army 235:II Corps 229:Strength 71:Location 5226:Germany 5126:Germany 5054:Germany 4974:Belgium 4959:Albania 4918:Disease 4898:Sports 4850:Ireland 4763:Warfare 4756:Aspects 3951:Origins 3944:Prelude 3847:Senussi 3827:Germany 3822:Leaders 3760:Romania 3701:Belgium 3696:Leaders 3595:Kamerun 3577:African 3512:Romania 3490:Balkans 3405:Outline 3305:3 April 3300:1184253 1955:11,079 1947:24,785 1939:30,192 1936:October 1931:15,189 1923:14,409 1915:Losses 1770:300 men 1709:400 men 1672:500 men 1574:700 men 1546:13 days 1483:Général 1456:Lorgies 1391:Herlies 1213:Prelude 1193:Halluin 1189:Comines 1120:Roubaix 1112:Béthune 1074:Dunkirk 873:Ailette 841:The Lys 835:Michael 817:Cambrai 711:Hulluch 706:St Eloi 598:Antwerp 309:in the 307:commune 187:Germany 35:on the 5246:Russia 5221:France 5049:Canada 4964:Serbia 4835:Canada 4792:Horses 4744:(1921) 4738:(1920) 4732:(1920) 4726:(1920) 4718:(1920) 4671:(1919) 4665:(1919) 4611:(1918) 4576:(1918) 4570:(1917) 4558:(1916) 4552:(1916) 4517:(1915) 3936:(1913) 3918:(1911) 3900:(1905) 3857:Darfur 3782:Serbia 3765:Russia 3728:Greece 3716:France 3706:Brazil 3552:Persia 3495:Serbia 3324: 3298: 3274: 3255: 3229: 3203: 3179: 3155: 3122: 3095: 3055: 3045: 3019: 2998: 2981: 2964: 2942: 2920: 2901: 1964:95,654 1920:August 1912:Month 1707:about 1611:80 men 1576:each. 1406:Illies 1379:Aubers 1345:Battle 1294:Hinges 1260:) and 1237:French 1176:corons 1170:fosses 1136:Cassel 1126:, the 1103:Calais 1025:Joffre 963:. The 913:Sambre 868:Amiens 736:Verdun 566:Étreux 512:Dinant 386:Albert 381:Flirey 318:France 184: 172:France 169: 154: 138: 113:Result 5443:Other 5236:Japan 5231:Italy 5058:camps 4902:Rugby 3738:Japan 3733:Italy 3711:China 3605:North 2070:Notes 1960:Total 1890:Jäger 1860:Liège 1856:Trier 1307:Jäger 1197:Menin 1132:Ghent 1108:Douai 977:Ypres 969:Lille 967:took 780:Arras 763:Ancre 517:Namur 507:Liège 396:Arras 269:6,000 157:India 5023:POWs 4349:1918 4251:1917 4177:1916 4078:1915 3982:1914 3787:Siam 3590:East 3333:2014 3322:OCLC 3307:2014 3296:OCLC 3272:ISBN 3253:ISBN 3240:2014 3227:ISBN 3212:2014 3201:OCLC 3177:ISBN 3164:2014 3153:OCLC 3120:ISBN 3104:2014 3093:OCLC 3079:2014 3053:OCLC 3043:ISBN 3030:2014 3017:ISBN 2996:ISBN 2979:OCLC 2962:OCLC 2940:ISBN 2918:ISBN 2899:ISBN 2114:the 1439:and 1400:and 1296:and 1233:Foch 1228:Vimy 1195:and 1154:and 1122:and 983:and 954:The 823:1918 785:Vimy 757:1917 690:1916 674:Loos 631:1915 608:Yser 544:Mons 491:1914 416:Yser 311:Nord 199:Sir 63:Date 1858:to 1662:By 1616:At 1472:to 1446:At 1369:On 1128:Lys 5505:: 3051:. 2833:^ 2806:^ 2683:^ 2440:^ 2257:^ 2037:c. 2000:c. 1973:c. 1866:, 1862:, 1557:a 1317:c. 1191:, 1187:, 1150:, 1114:, 1110:, 262:c. 203:, 4874:/ 3386:e 3379:t 3372:v 3335:. 3309:. 3280:. 3261:. 3242:. 3214:. 3185:. 3166:. 3128:. 3106:. 3081:. 3059:. 3032:. 3004:. 2985:. 2968:. 2948:. 2926:. 2907:. 472:e 465:t 458:v 353:e 346:t 339:v 43:) 39:(

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Battle of La Bassée

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