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508:, a few miles northwest of Lincoln. The advance was known to Thomas, Count of Perche, but his knights were uncertain as to the enemy's strength. Two strategies were formed. Those who believed Marshal's force was relatively small in number favoured an offensive plan: a meeting in an open battlefield at the base of the hill, before Marshal could reach the city gates. Those who believed Marshal had a dangerously large force favoured a more defensive plan: delay Marshal at the gates of the city wall, and at the same time press the siege, capture the castle, and occupy this much stronger position. The defensive plan was taken, though not without some continuing dissension.
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521:'s main force secured the north gate, while Breauté's crossbowmen took up high positions on the rooftops of houses. Volleys of bolts from this high ground rained death, damage and confusion on Perche's forces. Then, in the final blow, Marshal's knights and footsoldiers charged Perche's siege forces. Perche was offered a surrender, but fought to the death as the siege collapsed into a scattered rout. Those of Louis's army who were not captured fled Lincoln, by the south city gate, to London. The battle took about six hours.
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The city of
Lincoln was pillaged by Marshal's victorious army, on the pretence that it was loyal to Louis, later euphemistically called the "Lincoln Fair". The churches and even the cathedral did not escape being plundered for they were treated as ‘excommunicated’. Some women tried to escape the city
356:, commanding the French troops, was killed and Louis was expelled from his base in the southeast of England. The looting that took place afterwards is known as the "Lincoln Fair". The citizens of Lincoln were loyal to Louis so Henry's forces sacked the city.
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to avoid ‘insult’ by taking to boats with their children, these were later found to have died. To the south, inhabitants of towns between
Lincoln and London ambushed and killed some of the escaping French soldiers on their flight south to London.
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537:. Many of Henry's enemies – barons who had supported Louis, and who helped supply, organise and command Louis's military forces – were captured at Lincoln. French reinforcements, under the command of
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549:. This defeat greatly reduced the French threat to the English crown and Prince Louis and his remaining forces returned to France. In September 1217, the
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Marshal proceeded to the section of the city walls nearest the castle, at the north gate. All of
Marshal's crossbowmen, led by the nobleman
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Freeman, Edward
Augustus. The History of the Norman Conquest of England: Its Causes and Its Results. Clarendon Press. Oxford: 1879. p 719
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At the time of the battle in May 1217, Louis's forces had taken the city of
Lincoln, but Lincoln Castle remained intact. Its
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forced Louis to give up his claim to the
English throne and to eject Eustace's brothers from the Channel Islands.
462:. These trans-England routes were historic and major arteries for national trade and government, making Lincoln a
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Once John died, many barons were willing to change sides and fight for Henry against Prince Louis' claim.
541:, were then sent across the English Channel to bolster Louis's forces. The French ships were defeated by
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The Art of
Warfare in Western Europe During the Middle Ages: From the Eighth Century to 1340
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Lincoln: A city on top of the world – Property, House & Home – Independent.co.uk
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with a Norman castle near its centre, straddling the crossroads of two important
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De
Krijgskunst in West-Europa in de Middeleeuwen, IXe tot begin XIVe eeuw
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300 knights captured, many killed or captured during the retreat south
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for Henry. Marshal called all nobles holding castles in
England to a
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The First Barons' War right before the Battle of
Lincoln, May 1217
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The Battle of Lincoln (1217), according to Roger of Wendover.
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The Battle of Lincoln (1217), according to Roger of Wendover
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was crowned King of England as successor to his father.
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Marshal's forces made their approach from the town of
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802:]. Translated by Willard, S. (2nd ed.).
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699:"Lincoln Castle | Lincolnshire County Council"
747:The History of the Norman Conquest of England
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388:. Louis was supported by various English
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751:. Clarendon Press. Oxford: 1879. p. 719
602:"The second battle of Lincoln (1217AD)"
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384:entered London and proclaimed himself
767:(May 2017). "The battle of Lincoln".
727:(May 2017). "The battle of Lincoln".
405:William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
350:William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
47:accompanying an account of the battle
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336:on Saturday 20 May 1217, during the
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340:, between the forces of the future
16:Battle during the First Barons' War
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749:: Its Causes and Its Results
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850:History of Lincoln, England
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794:Verbruggen, J.F. (1997) .
771:. Bristol. pp. 22–26.
744:Freeman, Edward Augustus.
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474:on a hilltop over an old
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563:Battle of Lincoln (1141)
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330:Second Battle of Lincoln
667:24 October 2013 at the
446:Lincoln was an ancient
354:Thomas, Count of Perche
207:Thomas, Count of Perche
731:. Bristol. p. 24.
382:Prince Louis of France
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150:Commanders and leaders
525:Aftermath and effects
468:William the Conqueror
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314:Casualties and losses
179:Ranulf de Blondeville
769:BBC History Magazine
729:BBC History Magazine
419:. Approximately 400
372:In 1216, during the
346:Henry III of England
342:Louis VIII of France
91:53.23333°N 0.53861°W
685:27 May 2006 at the
478:150 years earlier.
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43:An illustration by
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344:and those of King
197:William de Ferrers
130:Kingdom of England
96:53.23333; -0.53861
855:Conflicts in 1217
578:First Barons' War
551:Treaty of Lambeth
535:First Barons' War
513:Falkes de Breauté
490:Nicola de la Haie
376:over the English
374:First Barons' War
338:First Barons' War
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452:Roman-built
448:walled city
439:Battlefield
425:crossbowmen
307:611 knights
294:406 knights
94: /
59:20 May 1217
829:Categories
758:References
709:20 January
476:Roman fort
466:location.
454:highways:
378:succession
360:Background
79:53°14′00″N
487:castellan
464:strategic
460:Fosse Way
398:Henry III
394:King John
82:0°32′19″W
71:, England
683:Archived
665:Archived
557:See also
483:garrison
458:and the
444:Medieval
319:Moderate
285:Strength
64:Location
804:Suffolk
545:in the
519:Marshal
429:Lincoln
421:knights
274: (
258: (
242: (
226: (
213:†
814:
611:19 May
500:Battle
423:, 250
417:Newark
413:muster
409:regent
390:barons
304:1,611
209:
107:Result
798:[
589:Notes
433:siege
291:923+
812:ISBN
711:2008
613:2014
506:Stow
328:The
56:Date
415:in
277:POW
261:POW
245:POW
229:POW
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737:^
636:^
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604:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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