431:, freely inserted in his rendering of the original Hebrew historical, geographical and doctrinal remarks he thought necessary for the understanding of Scriptural passages by ordinary readers. Nevertheless, he complains at times that during his own life copyists, instead of faithfully transcribing his translation, embodied in the text notes found in the margin. After his death manuscripts of the Vulgate, especially those of the Spanish type, were enriched with all kinds of additional readings, which, together with other textual variations embodied in early printed copies of the Vulgate, led ultimately to the official editions of Jerome's work by Pope
36:
727:
461:. As regards the Greek Bible texts, there are no separate collections of glosses; yet these texts are taken into account, together with the rest of the Greek literature, in a certain number of glossaries which afford explanations of difficult words in the Greek language. The following are the principal glossaries of that description:
353:
have time and again deliberately deviated from the text which they rendered into Greek, and thus made a number of more or less important additions thereunto. These translators frequently manifest a desire to supply what the original had omitted or to clear up what appeared ambiguous. Frequently, too,
218:
or collection of traditional remarks. They usually bear on what was regarded as a questionable reading or spelling in the text, but yet was allowed to remain unmodified in the text itself through respect for its actual form. At times the margin bids the reader to transpose, interchange, restore, or
116:
or printed editions of the scriptures. With regard to the Hebrew texts, the glosses chiefly contained explanations of purely verbal difficulties of the text; some of these glosses are of importance for the correct reading or understanding of the original Hebrew, while nearly all have contributed to
175:
Where these glosses consisted of a single explanatory word, they were easily written between the lines of the text or in the margin of manuscripts opposite the words of which they supplied the explanation. In the process of time the glosses grew in number, and in consequence they were gathered in
313:
naturally maintain that the more or less extensive notices found in the Mosaic writings and relative to matters geographical, historical, etc., decidedly later than Moses' time, should be regarded as post-Mosaic textual additions. Others, struck with the lack of smoothness of style noticeable in
219:
remove a consonant, while at other times it directs him to omit or insert even an entire word. Some of these glosses are of importance for the correct reading or understanding of the original Hebrew, while nearly all have contributed to its uniform transmission since the 11th century.
222:
The marginal notes of Greek and Latin manuscripts are annotations of all kinds, chiefly the results of exegetical and critical study, crowding the margins of these copies and printed texts far more than those of the manuscripts and editions of the original Hebrew. In regard to the
318:, or kinds of Jewish commentaries, were at an early date utilized in the framing or in the transcription of our present Hebrew text, and thus would account for what they consider as actual and extensive additions to its primitive form. By means of the literary feature known as "
302:
before their time, and which were probably due to the fact that marginal explanations had of old been embodied in the text itself, recent scholars have treated as textual additions many words and expressions scattered throughout the Hebrew Bible. Thus the defenders of the
314:
several passages of the original Hebrew, or with the apparent inconsistencies in its parallel statements, have appealed to textual additions as offering a natural and adequate explanation of the facts observed. Some have even admitted the view that
288:
designates not only marginal notes, but also words or remarks inserted for various reasons in the very text of the scriptures. The existence of such textual additions in the Bible is universally admitted by
Biblical scholars with regard to the
184:
which gave the concrete meaning of the difficult words of the text and even historical, geographical, biographical, and other notices, which the collectors deemed necessary or useful to illustrate the text of sacred writings.
560:, and it was known as "the tongue of Scripture". Until the 17th century it remained the favourite commentary on the Bible; and it was only gradually superseded by more independent works of exegesis. The
147:. In classical Greek it means a tongue or language. In the course of time it was used to designate first a word of the text which needed some explanation, and later the explanation or addition itself.
455:
may also be considered as a kind of glossary to the Hebrew Bible; and the same thing may be said in reference to the collections of
Oriental and Western readings given in the sixth volume of the
508:
Most of the glosses illustrating the language of
Scripture which are found in the works of Hesychius, Suidas, Phavorinus, and in the "Etymologium Magnum", were collected and published by
261:
published 1881-1885, are greatly in excess over those of the
Version of 1611. They give various readings, alternate renderings, critical remarks, etc. The marginal notes of the
604:
were added at the foot of each page. Some early printed editions of the
Vulgate exhibit all this exegetical apparatus; and the latest and best among them is the one by
605:
572:
552:, for the purpose of illustrating the various senses—principally the literal sense—of all the books of the Bible. This gloss is quoted as a high authority by
501:
737:
349:. One has only to compare attentively the words of that ancient version with those of the original Hebrew to remain convinced that the Septuagint
509:
255:
to be free of marginal notes, but it appeared in 1611 with such notes, usually recording various readings. The glosses or marginal notes of the
65:
451:
commentaries contain collections of glosses, or "glossaries", with chief object to supply explanations of Hebrew words. A part of the
212:
and printed editions of the scriptures. With regard to the Hebrew text, these glosses or marginal notes are mostly extracts from the
176:
separate books where they appeared, first in the same order of succession as they would have had if written in the margin of the
200:
has been extended to denote an entire expository sentence, and in many instances even a running commentary on an entire book.
237:
in 1588, decreed that henceforth copies of it should not be supplied with such variations recorded in the margin. The
117:
its uniform transmission since the 11th century. Later on, Christian glosses also contained scriptural commentaries;
87:
293:, although there is at times considerable disagreement as to the actual expressions that should be treated as such.
58:
596:" being placed between the lines of the Vulgate text; while later, from the 14th century onward, the "Postilla" of
577:, derived its name from the fact that it was written over the words in the text of the Vulgate. It was the work of
520:, which he completed in 632, and which bears the title of "Originum sive Etymologiarum libri XX". It is found in
782:
155:
The words which were commonly the subject of explanatory glosses may be reduced to the following five classes:
777:
473:
17:
540:, thus called from its common use during the Middle Ages. Its author, who was believed to be the German
695:
48:
180:, and ultimately in a regular alphabetical order. These collections of glosses thus formed kinds of
263:
52:
44:
705:
667:
646:
466:
196:), or just "gloss". From a single explanatory word, interlined or placed in the margin, the word
584:
After the 12th century copies of the
Vulgate were usually supplied with both these glosses, the
319:
239:
69:
532:
As
Scriptural commentaries there are two celebrated glosses on the Vulgate. The former is the
742:
633:
627:
296:
Besides the eighteen corrections of the
Scribes which ancient Rabbis regard as made in the
362:
of the text before them: while at times they seem to be guided in their additions by the
8:
715:
487:
209:
113:
517:
251:
246:
135:
105:
322:" in Hebrew poetry, many textual additions may be suspected in the Hebrew text of the
436:
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675:
601:
597:
553:
535:
396:
359:
101:
544:(died 849), had some knowledge of Greek and made extracts chiefly from the Latin
541:
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457:
323:
257:
578:
557:
549:
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214:
771:
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656:
423:
384:
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230:
225:
122:
290:
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350:
327:
171:
words employed in some unusual sense or in some peculiar grammatical form
421:
Textual additions appear in the manuscripts and printed editions of the
355:
335:
309:
118:
267:(1900–1901) are of the same general description as those found in the
406:
388:, owing to a variety of reasons, the principal among which may be:
315:
229:, in particular, these glosses grew to so many textual readings that
730: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
590:
being inserted in the margin, at the top and at the sides, and the
516:, as a collection of explanations chiefly of its words, is that of
432:
370:
346:
189:
710:
Essays chiefly on the
Original Texts of the Old and New Testaments
364:
181:
177:
581:(died 1117), who had some acquaintance with Hebrew and Greek.
448:
428:
400:
298:
382:
Glosses as textual additions exist also in manuscripts of the
121:
extensively used glosses in the process of translation of the
521:
333:
The presence of similar textual additions in the text of the
345:, was well known to the Roman editors of that version under
480:
762:
490:" by an unknown writer of the twelfth or the 13th century;
112:
is an annotation written on margins or within the text of
392:
copyists have embedded marginal notes in the text itself
512:(Leipzig, 1785–86). The best separate gloss on the
566:is found in vols. CXIII and CXIV of Migne, P. L.
472:the "Lexeon synagoge" (collection of glosses) of
442:
769:
395:they have at times supplemented the words of an
57:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
680:Glossarium sacrum in sacros Novi FĹ“deris libros
399:by means of the parallel passages in the other
274:
405:sometimes they have completed New Testament's
233:, when publishing his official edition of the
700:Introductio in utriusque Test. libros sacros
661:De vero usu et indole glossariorum graecorum
493:the "Synagoge lexeon" of the Byzantine monk
203:
591:
585:
570:
561:
533:
483:, apparently an author of the 10th century;
188:A lexicon of the kind is usually called a "
735:
720:Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek
624:
608:, O.S.B. (six vols. fol., Antwerp, 1634).
527:
88:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Marginal notes are found in nearly all
14:
770:
757:Website providing resources about the
504:, published early in the 16th century.
500:the "Dictionarium" of the Benedictine
150:
548:and from the writings of his master,
339:, or oldest Greek translation of the
746:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
637:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
358:renderings to avoid the most marked
29:
416:
24:
736:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
25:
794:
751:
625:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
618:
264:American Standard Revised Version
761:and other glosses to the Bible:
725:
377:
34:
279:
443:Glosses as scriptural lexicons
13:
1:
611:
275:Glosses as textual additions
162:provincial dialectical terms
143:, a transcript of the Greek
128:
7:
690:De l'origine du Pentateuque
10:
799:
696:Karl Josef Rudolph Cornely
628:"Scriptural Glosses"
139:is derived from the Latin
204:Glosses as marginal notes
43:This article includes a
706:Thomas Kingsmill Abbott
647:Johann Albert Fabricius
600:and the "Additions" of
528:Glosses as commentaries
269:British Revised Version
258:British Revised Version
72:more precise citations.
592:
586:
571:
569:The second gloss, the
562:
534:
783:Christian terminology
743:Catholic Encyclopedia
634:Catholic Encyclopedia
469:, of the 4th century;
243:respected this idea.
668:Hesychii Alexandrini
606:Leander a S. Martino
573:Glossa Interlinearis
114:biblical manuscripts
716:Henry Barclay Swete
593:Glossa Interlineari
488:Etymologicum Magnum
151:Explanatory glosses
778:Biblical criticism
738:Scriptural Glosses
653:(Hamburg, 1705–28)
651:Bibliotheca Graeca
518:Isidore of Seville
252:Authorized Version
247:James I of England
45:list of references
722:(Cambridge, 1900)
524:, P. L., LXXXII.
502:Varius Phavorinus
437:Pope Clement VIII
360:anthropomorphisms
326:, notably in the
305:Mosaic authorship
133:The English word
98:
97:
90:
16:(Redirected from
790:
759:Glossa Ordinaria
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729:
728:
702:(Paris, 1885), I
692:(Paris, 1887), I
676:Johannes Alberti
639:
638:
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602:Paulus Burgensis
598:Nicholas of Lyra
595:
589:
587:Glossa Ordinaria
576:
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563:Glossa Ordinaria
554:Petrus Lombardus
539:
536:Glossa Ordinaria
417:Vulgate versions
102:Biblical studies
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68:this article by
59:inline citations
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542:Walafrid Strabo
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479:the lexicon of
465:the lexicon of
458:London Polyglot
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763:Glossae.net
476:(died 891);
447:Rabbinical
354:they adopt
351:translators
328:Book of Job
320:parallelism
291:Hebrew text
249:wanted the
210:manuscripts
70:introducing
18:Bible gloss
772:Categories
612:References
407:quotations
397:Evangelist
336:Septuagint
310:Pentateuch
194:glossarium
119:St. Jerome
467:Hesychius
409:from the
316:Midrashim
284:The word
129:Etymology
433:Sixtus V
371:Haggadah
347:Sixtus V
190:glossary
182:lexicons
734::
495:Zonaras
474:Photius
453:Masorah
401:Gospels
365:Halacha
307:of the
235:Vulgate
215:Masorah
178:codices
125:Bible.
66:improve
481:Suidas
449:Tanakh
429:Jerome
299:Tanakh
145:glossa
141:glossa
110:glossa
522:Migne
486:the "
286:gloss
198:gloss
136:gloss
106:gloss
51:, or
556:and
435:and
368:and
104:, a
740:".
108:or
100:In
774::
718:,
708:,
698:,
688:,
678:,
659:,
649:,
631:.
439:.
374:.
330:.
271:.
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85:(
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