57:
841:
will usually prompt a repeat set of blood cultures to be drawn to confirm whether a contaminant or a real bacteremia is present. The patient's skin is typically cleaned with an alcohol-based product prior to drawing blood to prevent contamination. Blood cultures may be repeated at intervals to determine if persistent—rather than transient—bacteremia is present.
997:
important considerations include the patient's history of antibiotic use, the severity of the presenting symptoms, and any allergies to antibiotics. Empiric antibiotics should be narrowed, preferably to a single antibiotic, once the blood culture returns with a particular bacteria that has been isolated.
905:
Bacteremia may also be defined by the timing of bacteria presence in the bloodstream: transient, intermittent, or persistent. In transient bacteremia, bacteria are present in the bloodstream for minutes to a few hours before being cleared from the body, and the result is typically harmless in healthy
257:
bacteria in the blood. Asymptomatic bacteremia can occur in normal daily activities such as conducting oral hygiene and after minor medical procedures. In a healthy person, these clinically benign infections are transient and cause no further sequelae. However, when immune response mechanisms fail or
996:
coverage. Any patient presenting with signs or symptoms of bacteremia or a positive blood culture should be started on intravenous antibiotics. The choice of antibiotic is determined by the most likely source of infection and by the characteristic organisms that typically cause that infection. Other
533:
Bacteria can enter the bloodstream in a number of different ways. However, for each major classification of bacteria (gram negative, gram positive, or anaerobic) there are characteristic sources or routes of entry into the bloodstream that lead to bacteremia. Causes of bacteremia can additionally be
840:
Two blood cultures drawn from separate sites of the body are often sufficient to diagnose bacteremia. Two out of two cultures growing the same type of bacteria usually represents a real bacteremia, particularly if the organism that grows is not a common contaminant. One out of two positive cultures
2011:
Luzzaro, F.; Viganò, E. F.; Fossati, D.; Grossi, A.; Sala, A.; Sturla, C.; Saudelli, M.; Toniolo, A.; AMCLI Lombardia
Hospital Infectious Study Group (2002-12-01). "Prevalence and drug susceptibility of pathogens causing bloodstream infections in northern Italy: a two-year study in 16 hospitals".
805:
Any bacteria that incidentally find their way to the culture medium will also multiply. For example, if the skin is not adequately cleaned before needle puncture, contamination of the blood sample with normal bacteria that live on the surface of the skin can occur. For this reason, blood cultures
1029:
The treatment of gram negative bacteremia is also highly dependent on the causative organism. Empiric antibiotic therapy should be guided by the most likely source of infection and the patient's past exposure to healthcare facilities. In particular, a recent history of exposure to a healthcare
1064:
For healthcare-associated bacteremia due to intravenous catheters, the IDSA has published guidelines for catheter removal. Short term catheters (in place <14 days) should be removed if bacteremia is caused by any gram negative bacteria, staph aureus, enterococci or mycobacteria. Long term
562:
is the most common cause of healthcare-associated bacteremia in North and South
America and is also an important cause of community-acquired bacteremia. Skin ulceration or wounds, respiratory tract infections, and IV drug use are the most important causes of community-acquired staph aureus
1395:
Yang, Lu; Tang, Zhuang; Gao, Liang; Li, Tao; Chen, Yongji; Liu, Liangren; Han, Ping; Li, Xiang; Dong, Qiang (2016-08-01). "The augmented prophylactic antibiotic could be more efficacious in patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
926:, followed by clearing of that bacteria from the bloodstream. This cycle will often repeat until the existing infection is successfully treated. Persistent bacteremia is characterized by the continuous presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. It is usually the result of an
549:
are an increasingly important cause of bacteremia. Staphylococcus, streptococcus, and enterococcus species are the most important and most common species of gram-positive bacteria that can enter the bloodstream. These bacteria are normally found on the skin or in the
1020:
The antibiotic treatment of choice for streptococcal and enteroccal infections differs by species. However, it is important to look at the antibiotic resistance pattern for each species from the blood culture to better treat infections caused by resistant organisms.
686:. Catheters in the veins, arteries, or urinary tract can all create a way for gram negative bacteria to enter the bloodstream. Surgical procedures of the genitourinary tract, intestinal tract, or hepatobiliary tract can also lead to gram negative bacteremia.
873:
in the bloodstream that are alive and capable of reproducing. It is a type of bloodstream infection. Bacteremia is defined as either a primary or secondary process. In primary bacteremia, bacteria have been directly introduced into the bloodstream.
592:
species are normal bacterial flora of the mouth. Viridans strep can cause temporary bacteremia after eating, toothbrushing, or flossing. More severe bacteremia can occur following dental procedures or in patients receiving chemotherapy. Finally,
2063:
Deen, Jacqueline; von
Seidlein, Lorenz; Andersen, Finn; Elle, Nelson; White, Nicholas J.; Lubell, Yoel (2012-06-01). "Community-acquired bacterial bloodstream infections in developing countries in south and southeast Asia: a systematic review".
653:
is the most common cause of community-acquired bacteremia accounting for approximately 75% of cases. E.coli bacteremia is usually the result of a urinary tract infection. Other organisms that can cause community-acquired bacteremia include
2218:
Graff, Larissa R.; Franklin, Kristal K.; Witt, Lana; Cohen, Neal; Jacobs, Richard A.; Tompkins, Lucy; Guglielmo, B. Joseph (2002-02-15). "Antimicrobial therapy of gram-negative bacteremia at two university-affiliated medical centers".
1653:
Biedenbach, Douglas J.; Moet, Gary J.; Jones, Ronald N. (2004-09-01). "Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern comparisons among bloodstream infection isolates from the SENTRY Antimicrobial
Surveillance Program (1997-2002)".
630:
species are responsible for approximately 24% of all cases of healthcare-associated bacteremia and 45% of all cases of community-acquired bacteremia. In general, gram negative bacteria enter the bloodstream from infections in the
678:
infection, despite mainly only resulting in gastroenteritis in the developed world, is a common cause of bacteremia in Africa. It principally affects children who lack antibodies to
Salmonella and HIV+ patients of all ages.
758:
Bacteremia can travel through the blood stream to distant sites in the body and cause infection (hematogenous spread). Hematogenous spread of bacteria is part of the pathophysiology of certain infections of the heart
3020:
3005:
2989:
1338:
Singer, Mervyn; Deutschman, Clifford S.; Seymour, Christopher Warren; Shankar-Hari, Manu; Annane, Djillali; Bauer, Michael; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Bernard, Gordon R.; Chiche, Jean-Daniel (2016-02-23).
906:
people. This can occur after manipulation of parts of the body normally colonized by bacteria, such as the mucosal surfaces of the mouth during tooth brushing, flossing, or dental procedures, or
1013:
bacteremia with a 14-day course of intravenous vancomycin. Uncomplicated bacteremia is defined as having positive blood cultures for MRSA, but having no evidence of endocarditis, no implanted
782:
are especially vulnerable to infection from bacteremia. Prior to widespread use of vaccines, occult bacteremia was an important consideration in febrile children that appeared otherwise well.
2738:
Forner, Lone; Larsen, Tove; Kilian, Mogens; Holmstrup, Palle (2006-06-01). "Incidence of bacteremia after chewing, tooth brushing and scaling in individuals with periodontal inflammation".
2782:
2913:
Mermel, Leonard A.; Allon, Michael; Bouza, Emilio; Craven, Donald E.; Flynn, Patricia; O'Grady, Naomi P.; Raad, Issam I.; Rijnders, Bart J. A.; Sherertz, Robert J. (2009-07-01).
2831:
Liu, Catherine; Bayer, Arnold; Cosgrove, Sara E.; Daum, Robert S.; Fridkin, Scott K.; Gorwitz, Rachel J.; Kaplan, Sheldon L.; Karchmer, Adolf W.; Levine, Donald P. (2011-02-01).
882:
contaminated with bacteria may also lead to primary bacteremia. Secondary bacteremia occurs when bacteria have entered the body at another site, such as the cuts in the skin, or
1065:
catheters (>14 days) should be removed if the patient is developing signs or symptoms of sepsis or endocarditis, or if blood cultures remain positive for more than 72 hours.
844:
Prior to drawing blood cultures, a thorough patient history should be taken with particular regard to presence of both fevers and chills, other focal signs of infection such as
162:. Bacteria can also spread via the blood to other parts of the body (which is called hematogenous spread), causing infections away from the original site of infection, such as
2833:"Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children"
3436:
607:
are an important cause of healthcare-associated bacteremia. These bacteria commonly live in the gastrointestinal tract and female genital tract. Intravenous catheters,
538:(acquired during the process of receiving care in a healthcare facility) or community-acquired (acquired outside of a health facility, often prior to hospitalization).
802:
that promotes bacterial growth. If bacteria are present in the bloodstream at the time the sample is obtained, the bacteria will multiply and can thereby be detected.
2915:"Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America"
1610:
Cervera, Carlos; Almela, Manel; MartĂnez-MartĂnez, JosĂ© A.; Moreno, AsunciĂłn; MirĂł, JosĂ© M. (2009-01-01). "Risk factors and management of Gram-positive bacteraemia".
914:. Intermittent bacteremia is characterized by periodic seeding of the same bacteria into the bloodstream by an existing infection elsewhere in the body, such as an
563:
bacteremia. In healthcare settings, intravenous catheters, urinary tract catheters, and surgical procedures are the most common causes of staph aureus bacteremia.
2420:
Coburn, Bryan; Morris, Andrew M.; Tomlinson, George; Detsky, Allan S. (2012-08-01). "Does This Adult
Patient With Suspected Bacteremia Require Blood Cultures?".
1245:"Five years of nosocomial Gram-negative bacteremia in a general intensive care unit: epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and outcomes"
3081:
1591:
405:
3130:
258:
become overwhelmed, bacteremia becomes a bloodstream infection that can evolve into many clinical spectrums and is differentiated as septicemia.
1010:
825:
almost never represent a contamination of the sample. On the other hand, contamination may be more highly suspected if organisms like
3115:
731:
50:
1006:
705:
There are several risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing bacteremia from any type of bacteria. These include:
2894:
2812:
2722:
2697:
2673:
2399:
1995:
1861:
1836:
1811:
1786:
1754:
1534:
2297:
Agarwal, Anil; Aggarwal, Aditya N. (2016-08-01). "Bone and Joint
Infections in Children: Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis".
3074:
643:. Gram-negative bacteremia occurs more frequently in elderly populations (65 years or older) and is associated with higher
392:
species; candidemia is also among the most common bloodstream infections of any kind. Infections by other fungi, including
211:
806:
must be drawn with great attention to sterile process. The presence of certain bacteria in the blood culture, such as
615:
species can cause bacteremia in patients who have had long hospital stays or frequent antibiotic use in the past (see
682:
Among healthcare-associated cases of bacteremia, gram negative organisms are an important cause of bacteremia in the
612:
1161:
535:
3067:
3267:
2591:"The Clinical Importance of Microbiological Findings in the Diagnosis and Management of Bloodstream Infections"
845:
491:. They are usually contracted by either an insect vector or by contact with an infected substance or surface.
1079:
2262:
Brigden, M. L. (2001-02-01). "Detection, education and management of the asplenic or hyposplenic patient".
1550:
3431:
3330:
3245:
1877:
Gaynes, Robert; Edwards, Jonathan R.; National
Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (2005-09-15).
1017:, negative blood cultures after 2–4 days of treatment, and signs of clinical improvement after 72 hrs.
827:
314:
enter the bloodstream. The name comes from combining the word "virus" with the Greek word for "blood" (
150:
Bacteremia can have several important health consequences. Immune responses to the bacteria can cause
3219:
2348:
Guay, David R. (2012-02-01). "Antimicrobial prophylaxis in noncardiac prosthetic device recipients".
1926:
Diekema, D. J.; Beekmann, S. E.; Chapin, K. C.; Morel, K. A.; Munson, E.; Doern, G. V. (2003-08-01).
175:
3035:
815:
795:
577:
56:
1049:
1053:
931:
858:
608:
3361:
3214:
1876:
1074:
1032:
927:
891:
799:
779:
656:
627:
571:
551:
546:
121:
3349:
611:
and surgical wounds are all risk factors for developing bacteremia from enterococcal species.
3197:
853:
807:
726:
662:
588:
558:
410:
78:
898:, or genitals. Bacteria that have infected the body at these sites may then spread into the
3344:
966:
636:
3014:
8:
3317:
3177:
3149:
3120:
3102:
3024:
2727:– via accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1130&Sectionid=79736907.
2702:– via accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1020&Sectionid=56968846.
2678:– via accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1551&Sectionid=94106209.
993:
833:
683:
595:
3054:
3405:
3202:
2947:
2914:
2692:. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2014. pp. Infectious Diseases: Syndromes and Etiologies.
2557:
2532:
2508:
2475:
2381:
2330:
2195:
2162:
2133:
2108:
2045:
1667:
1585:
1429:
1372:
1339:
1295:
Perez-Chaparro, P. J.; Meuric, V.; De Mello, G.; Bonnaure-Mallet, M. (2011-11-01). "".
1220:
1187:
1137:
1110:
468:
3029:
2642:"IDP200 Pathophysiology of Infectious Diseases, Fall 2004/2005 - Tufts OpenCourseWare"
2232:
2077:
1960:
1927:
1623:
1340:"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)"
3163:
3059:
2952:
2934:
2890:
2862:
2854:
2808:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2718:
2693:
2669:
2620:
2612:
2562:
2513:
2495:
2445:
2437:
2373:
2365:
2322:
2314:
2279:
2271:
2244:
2236:
2200:
2182:
2138:
2089:
2081:
2037:
2029:
1991:
1965:
1947:
1908:
1900:
1857:
1832:
1807:
1782:
1750:
1722:
1714:
1679:
1671:
1635:
1627:
1530:
1502:
1475:
1467:
1421:
1413:
1377:
1359:
1320:
1312:
1274:
1266:
1225:
1207:
1142:
950:. Left untreated, conditions causing persistent bacteremia can be potentially fatal.
887:
768:
714:
668:
632:
616:
419:
45:
2385:
2049:
1943:
3262:
3252:
3231:
2942:
2926:
2844:
2747:
2602:
2552:
2544:
2503:
2487:
2429:
2357:
2334:
2306:
2228:
2190:
2174:
2128:
2120:
2073:
2021:
1955:
1939:
1890:
1706:
1663:
1619:
1459:
1433:
1405:
1367:
1351:
1304:
1256:
1215:
1199:
1132:
1122:
899:
821:
648:
415:
388:
117:
1928:"Epidemiology and outcome of nosocomial and community-onset bloodstream infection"
1127:
794:, in which a sample of blood drawn from the vein by needle puncture is allowed to
3441:
3300:
3135:
3125:
3040:
2641:
1308:
935:
883:
513:
147:). Transient bacteremia can result after dental procedures or brushing of teeth.
98:
2783:"Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology"
2124:
1710:
1494:
1261:
1244:
982:
895:
875:
737:
488:
186:
Bacteremia is typically transient and is quickly removed from the blood by the
159:
129:
2998:
2310:
2025:
1463:
1409:
1203:
957:, which is a condition where the blood stream infection is associated with an
223:
Based on type of causative microbe, bloodstream infections are of many types:
3425:
3410:
3369:
3325:
3288:
3257:
3189:
3171:
2938:
2858:
2759:
2616:
2499:
2441:
2369:
2318:
2275:
2240:
2186:
2109:"Salmonella infection: Interplay between the bacteria and host immune system"
2085:
2033:
1951:
1904:
1718:
1675:
1631:
1557:. United States: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 13 November 2019
1471:
1417:
1363:
1316:
1270:
1211:
1037:
939:
923:
878:
may lead to primary bacteremia. In the hospital setting, use of blood vessel
791:
772:
742:
640:
567:
517:
505:
444:
394:
254:
187:
167:
86:
1186:
Fan, Shu-Ling; Miller, Nancy S.; Lee, John; Remick, Daniel G. (2016-09-01).
977:
The presence of bacteria in the blood almost always requires treatment with
771:). Hematogenous spread of bacteria is responsible for many bone infections (
3294:
3281:
3226:
3157:
2956:
2866:
2767:
2624:
2566:
2548:
2517:
2449:
2433:
2377:
2361:
2326:
2283:
2248:
2204:
2142:
2093:
2041:
1969:
1912:
1683:
1639:
1506:
1479:
1425:
1381:
1355:
1324:
1294:
1278:
1229:
1146:
958:
938:. Persistent bacteremia can also occur as part of the infection process of
851:
Ultrasound of the heart is recommended in all those with bacteremia due to
760:
720:
691:
602:
273:
206:
163:
155:
94:
2178:
1726:
1036:
coverage or broader coverage for resistant organisms. Extended generation
19:
For the systemic immune response to bacterial infection in the blood, see
3384:
3307:
2849:
2832:
2491:
2107:
Kurtz, Jonathan R; Goggins, J. Alan; McLachlan, James B. (October 2017).
1045:
1041:
978:
943:
911:
452:
426:
400:
382:
336:
332:
269:
202:
171:
141:
934:, an infected blood clot (suppurative thrombophlebitis), or an infected
576:(GAS) typically causes bacteremia from skin and soft tissue infections.
3143:
3090:
1014:
947:
907:
764:
674:
509:
440:
306:
243:
144:
113:
2981:
697:
are the most important causes of gram negative bacteremia in the ICU.
193:
Bacteremia frequently evokes a response from the immune system called
3094:
3009:
919:
644:
480:
125:
109:
105:
1697:
Lowy, Franklin D. (1998-08-20). "Staphylococcus aureus
Infections".
1609:
902:
and gain access to the bloodstream, where further spread can occur.
3389:
3379:
3110:
2930:
2607:
2590:
2533:"Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a review"
2014:
European
Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
1895:
1879:"Overview of nosocomial infections caused by gram-negative bacilli"
1878:
1337:
1084:
1056:
are frequently used for the treatment of gram negative bacteremia.
879:
870:
848:, a state of immunosuppression, or any recent invasive procedures.
747:
709:
476:
472:
459:
434:
346:
324:
311:
265:
248:
133:
1450:
Scott, Michael C. (2017-02-01). "Defining and Diagnosing Sepsis".
3374:
3338:
3239:
1243:
Sligl, Wendy; Taylor, Geoffrey; Brindley, Peter G. (2006-07-01).
1192:
Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
1089:
915:
501:
497:
422:
283:
82:
304:
and hence have access to the rest of the body. It is similar to
89:) is always abnormal. A bloodstream infection is different from
3275:
2993:
986:
954:
599:
is a common cause of bacteremia in patients with colon cancer.
583:
484:
430:
360:
194:
151:
104:
Bacteria can enter the bloodstream as a severe complication of
90:
20:
318:). It usually lasts for 4 to 5 days in the primary condition.
3207:
2668:. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. 2016. pp. Chapter 9.
962:
368:
364:
351:
328:
301:
297:
288:
198:
137:
74:
2163:"Hospital-Acquired Infections Due to Gram-Negative Bacteria"
2062:
1740:
1738:
1736:
2737:
2419:
2010:
1925:
253:
Bacteremia, in the strictest sense, refers to presence of
1733:
2531:
Holland, TL; Arnold, C; Fowler VG, Jr (1 October 2014).
1290:
1288:
475:. These organisms are now classified in the supergroups
414:, are also called fungemia. It is most commonly seen in
2887:
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 19th Edition
2805:
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 19th Edition
1829:
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 19th Edition
1804:
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 19th Edition
1779:
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 19th Edition
961:
response from the body, often causing abnormalities in
471:
caused by organisms formerly classified in the kingdom
3089:
2912:
2530:
2217:
1030:
setting may necessitate the need for antibiotics with
932:
central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
205:. Severe immune responses to bacteremia may result in
2798:
2796:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2106:
1297:
Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale
1285:
1188:"Diagnosing sepsis - The role of laboratory medicine"
2971:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2830:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
1575:
3437:
Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood
1652:
1242:
2793:
2149:
1185:
965:, heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and
2873:
2573:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1111:"Bloodstream Infections: The peak of the iceberg"
1059:
3423:
2908:
2906:
2161:Peleg, Anton Y.; Hooper, David C. (2010-05-13).
1162:"Blood Cultures for the Detection of Bacteremia"
40:Blood infection, toxemia, bacteremia, septicemia
3131:Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test
2889:. New York: McGraw Hill. pp. Chapter 186.
2807:. New York: McGraw Hill. pp. Chapter 170.
2717:. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. Chapter 201.
2715:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e
2476:"Updated Review of Blood Culture Contamination"
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2296:
1990:. New York: McGraw Hill. pp. Chapter 125.
1831:. New York: McGraw Hill. pp. Chapter 174.
1806:. New York: McGraw Hill. pp. Chapter 110.
1781:. New York: McGraw Hill. pp. Chapter 201.
1501:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2712:
1988:Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology 7th Edition
1856:. New York: McGraw Hill. pp. Chapter 87.
1776:
1763:
1749:. New York: McGraw Hill. pp. Chapter 33.
1656:Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
1598:
992:The treatment of bacteremia should begin with
3075:
2903:
2826:
2824:
2474:Hall, Keri K.; Lyman, Jason A. (2016-12-16).
1981:
1979:
1612:International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
1394:
1024:
1000:
116:), during surgery (especially when involving
2456:
1747:Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2017
1590:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1569:
1492:
1249:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
85:in the blood (most commonly accomplished by
2160:
1452:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
1445:
1443:
622:
541:
404:(as in aspergillemia, also called invasive
3082:
3068:
2821:
2780:
1976:
1529:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 881.
1493:Smith, David A.; Nehring, Sara M. (2023),
700:
433:patients, or in patients with intravenous
55:
3116:Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test
2946:
2848:
2606:
2556:
2507:
2473:
2415:
2413:
2194:
2132:
1959:
1894:
1371:
1260:
1219:
1136:
1126:
1011:methicillin resistant staph aureus (MRSA)
1009:(IDSA) recommends treating uncomplicated
790:Bacteremia is most commonly diagnosed by
778:Prosthetic cardiac implants (for example
1744:
1440:
2636:
2634:
2588:
2261:
1524:
1518:
1108:
953:Bacteremia is clinically distinct from
582:is an important cause of bacteremia in
3424:
2802:
2410:
1851:
1576:Wiley, Sandman, Wood, K, J, D (2020).
1102:
371:. The most common type, also known as
178:can be given in high risk situations.
16:Bacterial or fungal infection of blood
3063:
2884:
1826:
1801:
1449:
1159:
1007:Infectious Disease Society of America
586:, often immediately following birth.
197:, which consists of symptoms such as
181:
2631:
2347:
1985:
1696:
1398:International Urology and Nephrology
2167:The New England Journal of Medicine
570:species that can cause bacteremia.
456:(blood-borne protozoal infections)
212:multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
170:. Treatment for bacteremia is with
101:of the host organism to pathogens.
93:, which is characterized by severe
13:
2740:Journal of Clinical Periodontology
1668:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.05.003
1160:Doern, Gary (September 13, 2016).
767:), and tuberculosis of the spine (
566:There are many different types of
14:
3453:
2967:
981:. This is because there are high
647:and mortality in this population.
3055:Bacteremia at Medscape eMedicine
2781:Kaplan, MD, Lewis (2016-08-16).
2752:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00924.x
2690:Sherris Medical Microbiology, 6e
2221:The American Journal of Medicine
1932:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
763:), structures around the brain (
2774:
2731:
2706:
2682:
2658:
2524:
2392:
2341:
2290:
2255:
2211:
2100:
2066:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
2056:
2004:
1944:10.1128/JCM.41.8.3655-3660.2003
1919:
1870:
1845:
1820:
1795:
1699:New England Journal of Medicine
1690:
1646:
1543:
215:, which are potentially fatal.
3268:Orthopoxvirus inclusion bodies
2713:Cohen-Poradosu, Ronit (2015).
2589:Seifert, Harald (2009-05-15).
1777:Cohen-Poradosu, Ronit (2015).
1525:Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004).
1486:
1388:
1331:
1236:
1179:
1153:
1060:Catheter-associated infections
908:instrumentation of the bladder
869:Bacteremia is the presence of
229:Type of blood-borne infection
1:
2480:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
2233:10.1016/s0002-9343(01)01092-0
2078:10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70028-2
1854:Harrison's Manual of Medicine
1624:10.1016/S0924-8579(09)70562-X
1128:10.1080/21505594.2016.1152440
1095:
1080:Dental antibiotic prophylaxis
890:tract), mouth or intestines (
864:
639:, gastrointestinal tract, or
296:is a medical condition where
2919:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2837:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2595:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2299:Indian Journal of Pediatrics
1883:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1527:Sherris Medical Microbiology
1309:10.1016/j.stomax.2011.08.012
989:if antibiotics are delayed.
972:
785:
753:
7:
2601:(Supplement 4): S238–S245.
2125:10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.006
1711:10.1056/NEJM199808203390806
1109:Viscoli, C (2 April 2016).
1068:
837:grow in the blood culture.
10:
3458:
1262:10.1016/j.ijid.2005.07.003
846:in the skin or soft tissue
828:Staphylococcus epidermidis
443:, aspergillemia (invasive
18:
3398:
3360:
3316:
3220:Heterophile antibody test
3188:
3101:
2975:
2666:Medical Microbiology, 27e
2311:10.1007/s12098-015-1806-3
2264:American Family Physician
2026:10.1007/s10096-002-0837-7
1464:10.1016/j.emc.2016.08.002
1410:10.1007/s11255-016-1299-7
1204:10.1016/j.cca.2016.07.002
528:
44:
36:
31:
1745:Schwartz, Brian (2016).
1580:. McGraw-Hill Education.
1050:beta lactamase inhibitor
1025:Gram negative bacteremia
1001:Gram positive bacteremia
816:Streptococcus pneumoniae
780:artificial heart valves)
623:Gram negative bacteremia
609:urinary tract infections
542:Gram positive bacteremia
218:
1852:Kasper, Dennis (2015).
1578:Prescott's Microbiology
1054:piperacillin-tazobactam
896:bladder (urinary tract)
859:infectious endocarditis
701:Bacteremia risk factors
628:Gram negative bacterial
264:Meningitis, pneumonia,
3362:Bloodstream infections
3331:Sabin–Feldman dye test
3246:Warthin–Finkeldey cell
2885:Russo, Thomas (2016).
2803:Hooper, David (2016).
2549:10.1001/jama.2014.9743
2434:10.1001/jama.2012.8262
2362:10.3810/hp.2012.02.947
1802:Mayer, Robert (2015).
1356:10.1001/jama.2016.0287
1075:Antibiotic prophylaxis
1033:pseudomonas aeruginosa
967:white blood cell count
657:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
613:Resistant enterococcal
552:gastrointestinal tract
547:Gram positive bacteria
487:(SAR supergroup), and
176:antibiotic prophylaxis
174:, and prevention with
122:gastrointestinal tract
67:Bloodstream infections
32:Bloodstream infections
2179:10.1056/NEJMra0904124
1827:Arias, Cesar (2015).
854:Staphylococcus aureus
663:Klebsiella pneumoniae
589:Viridans streptococci
579:Group B streptococcus
573:Group A streptococcus
559:Staphylococcus aureus
536:healthcare-associated
79:blood-borne pathogens
3345:Diagnosis of malaria
2492:10.1128/CMR.00062-05
1986:High, Kevin (2017).
1555:Invasive Candidiasis
1052:antibiotics such as
985:from progression to
948:bacterial meningitis
928:infected heart valve
884:the mucous membranes
810:taphylococcus aureus
732:Stem cell transplant
641:hepatobiliary system
465:Protozoan infections
310:, a condition where
73:) are infections of
3318:Protozoan infection
3178:Anti-streptolysin O
3121:rapid plasma reagin
3103:Bacterial infection
2270:(3): 499–506, 508.
1618:(Suppl 4): S26–30.
834:Cutibacterium acnes
637:genitourinary tract
596:Streptococcus bovis
359:is the presence of
81:. The detection of
51:Infectious diseases
3432:Bacterial diseases
3406:C-reactive protein
3215:Epstein–Barr virus
3203:Branched DNA assay
3095:infectious disease
2850:10.1093/cid/ciq146
2113:Immunology Letters
994:empiric antibiotic
936:blood vessel graft
876:Injection drug use
469:parasitic diseases
232:Causative microbe
182:Signs and symptoms
158:, which have high
140:(including during
3419:
3418:
3164:HelicoCARE direct
3050:
3049:
2896:978-0-07-180215-4
2814:978-0-07-180215-4
2724:978-0-07-180215-4
2699:9780-0-7-181821-6
2675:9780-0-71-82498-9
2350:Hospital Practice
2173:(19): 1804–1813.
1997:978-0-07-183345-5
1863:978-0-07-182852-9
1838:978-0-07-180215-4
1813:978-0-07-180215-4
1788:978-0-07-180215-4
1756:978-1-25-958511-1
1536:978-0-8385-8529-0
715:Diabetes Mellitus
669:Proteus mirabilis
633:respiratory tract
617:antibiotic misuse
526:
525:
420:immunocompromised
64:
63:
26:Medical condition
3449:
3350:SchĂĽffner's dots
3263:B type inclusion
3253:Inclusion bodies
3232:NS1 antigen test
3084:
3077:
3070:
3061:
3060:
2973:
2972:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2882:
2871:
2870:
2852:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2610:
2586:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2471:
2454:
2453:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2404:www.uptodate.com
2396:
2390:
2389:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2198:
2158:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1938:(8): 3655–3660.
1923:
1917:
1916:
1898:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1774:
1761:
1760:
1742:
1731:
1730:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1607:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1404:(8): 1197–1207.
1392:
1386:
1385:
1375:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1264:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1223:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1140:
1130:
1106:
963:body temperature
900:lymphatic system
892:gastrointestinal
822:Escherichia coli
727:organ transplant
416:immunosuppressed
226:
225:
118:mucous membranes
99:immune responses
60:
59:
29:
28:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3394:
3356:
3312:
3301:Councilman body
3190:Viral infection
3184:
3150:Weil–Felix test
3136:Abelin reaction
3126:Wassermann test
3097:
3088:
3051:
3046:
3045:
2984:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2883:
2874:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2801:
2794:
2779:
2775:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2650:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2587:
2574:
2543:(13): 1330–41.
2529:
2525:
2472:
2457:
2418:
2411:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2346:
2342:
2295:
2291:
2260:
2256:
2216:
2212:
2159:
2150:
2105:
2101:
2061:
2057:
2020:(12): 849–855.
2009:
2005:
1998:
1984:
1977:
1924:
1920:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1775:
1764:
1757:
1743:
1734:
1695:
1691:
1651:
1647:
1608:
1599:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1509:
1491:
1487:
1448:
1441:
1393:
1389:
1336:
1332:
1293:
1286:
1241:
1237:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1158:
1154:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1071:
1062:
1027:
1003:
983:mortality rates
975:
867:
788:
756:
738:glucocorticoids
736:Treatment with
703:
625:
544:
531:
522:
514:trypanosomiasis
455:
386:, is caused by
341:
278:
221:
184:
160:mortality rates
54:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3455:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3322:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3194:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3032:
3017:
3002:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:Classification
2969:
2968:External links
2966:
2963:
2962:
2931:10.1086/599376
2902:
2895:
2872:
2820:
2813:
2792:
2773:
2746:(6): 401–407.
2730:
2723:
2705:
2698:
2681:
2674:
2657:
2630:
2608:10.1086/598188
2572:
2523:
2486:(4): 788–802.
2455:
2409:
2391:
2340:
2305:(8): 817–824.
2289:
2254:
2227:(3): 204–211.
2210:
2148:
2099:
2072:(6): 480–487.
2055:
2003:
1996:
1975:
1918:
1896:10.1086/432803
1889:(6): 848–854.
1869:
1862:
1844:
1837:
1819:
1812:
1794:
1787:
1762:
1755:
1732:
1705:(8): 520–532.
1689:
1645:
1597:
1568:
1542:
1535:
1517:
1485:
1439:
1387:
1350:(8): 801–810.
1330:
1303:(5): 300–303.
1284:
1255:(4): 320–325.
1235:
1178:
1152:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1038:cephalosporins
1026:
1023:
1002:
999:
974:
971:
924:bone infection
886:of the lungs (
866:
863:
787:
784:
769:Pott's disease
755:
752:
751:
750:
745:
740:
734:
729:
723:
717:
712:
702:
699:
624:
621:
543:
540:
530:
527:
524:
523:
521:
520:
494:
492:
489:Archaeplastida
462:
457:
449:
448:
438:
406:aspergillosiis
354:
349:
343:
342:
340:
339:
321:
319:
291:
286:
280:
279:
277:
276:
261:
259:
251:
246:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
220:
217:
201:, chills, and
183:
180:
130:foreign bodies
87:blood cultures
62:
61:
48:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3454:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3412:
3411:Procalcitonin
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:Blood culture
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3326:toxoplasmosis
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3290:
3289:Cowdry bodies
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Downie bodies
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3172:Streptococcus
3169:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2907:
2898:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2843:(3): e18–55.
2842:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2825:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2647:
2646:ocw.tufts.edu
2643:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2428:(5): 502–11.
2427:
2423:
2416:
2414:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1790:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1572:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1538:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1121:(3): 248–51.
1120:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
998:
995:
990:
988:
984:
980:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
951:
949:
945:
941:
940:typhoid fever
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
862:
860:
856:
855:
849:
847:
842:
838:
836:
835:
830:
829:
824:
823:
818:
817:
812:
811:
803:
801:
797:
793:
792:blood culture
783:
781:
776:
774:
773:osteomyelitis
770:
766:
762:
749:
746:
744:
743:Liver failure
741:
739:
735:
733:
730:
728:
724:
722:
718:
716:
713:
711:
710:HIV infection
708:
707:
706:
698:
696:
694:
689:
685:
680:
677:
676:
671:
670:
665:
664:
659:
658:
652:
651:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:
600:
598:
597:
591:
590:
585:
581:
580:
575:
574:
569:
568:streptococcal
564:
561:
560:
555:
553:
548:
539:
537:
534:divided into
519:
518:leishmaniasis
515:
511:
507:
506:toxoplasmosis
503:
499:
496:
495:
493:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:
461:
458:
454:
451:
450:
446:
445:aspergillosis
442:
439:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:
417:
413:
412:
407:
403:
402:
397:
396:
395:Saccharomyces
391:
390:
385:
384:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
338:
334:
330:
326:
323:
322:
320:
317:
313:
309:
308:
303:
299:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:
260:
256:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
224:
216:
214:
213:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
188:immune system
179:
177:
173:
169:
168:osteomyelitis
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
143:
139:
135:
132:entering the
131:
127:
124:), or due to
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
58:
52:
49:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
22:
3337:
3295:yellow fever
3293:
3282:Negri bodies
3274:
3238:
3227:Dengue fever
3170:
3158:Helicobacter
3156:
3142:
3034:
3019:
3004:
2988:
2922:
2918:
2886:
2840:
2836:
2804:
2786:
2776:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2714:
2708:
2689:
2684:
2665:
2660:
2649:. Retrieved
2645:
2598:
2594:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2483:
2479:
2425:
2421:
2403:
2394:
2356:(1): 44–74.
2353:
2349:
2343:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2170:
2166:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1987:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1853:
1847:
1828:
1822:
1803:
1797:
1778:
1746:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1662:(1): 59–69.
1659:
1655:
1648:
1615:
1611:
1577:
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1554:
1551:"Statistics"
1545:
1526:
1520:
1510:, retrieved
1498:
1495:"Bacteremia"
1488:
1455:
1451:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1300:
1296:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1166:uptodate.com
1165:
1155:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1063:
1031:
1028:
1019:
1004:
991:
976:
959:inflammatory
952:
904:
868:
857:to rule out
852:
850:
843:
839:
832:
826:
820:
814:
809:
804:
789:
777:
761:endocarditis
757:
721:hemodialysis
704:
693:Enterobacter
692:
687:
681:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
626:
603:
601:
594:
587:
578:
572:
565:
557:
556:
545:
532:
464:
425:with severe
411:Cryptococcus
409:
399:
393:
387:
380:
376:
372:
356:
315:
305:
293:
274:endocarditis
235:Description
222:
210:
207:septic shock
192:
185:
164:endocarditis
156:septic shock
149:
120:such as the
103:
95:inflammatory
70:
66:
65:
3385:Parasitemia
3308:Tzanck test
3198:HIV testing
3091:Blood tests
2925:(1): 1–45.
1561:24 December
1198:: 203–210.
1171:December 1,
1046:beta lactam
1042:ceftriaxone
979:antibiotics
944:brucellosis
888:respiratory
688:Pseudomonas
604:Enterococci
453:Protozoemia
427:neutropenia
401:Aspergillus
383:candidiasis
337:hepatitis C
333:hepatitis B
302:bloodstream
270:brucellosis
244:Bacteremias
203:hypotension
172:antibiotics
142:intravenous
37:Other names
3426:Categories
3144:Rickettsia
2651:2016-12-07
2400:"UpToDate"
1512:2023-12-15
1499:StatPearls
1458:(1): 1–9.
1096:References
1015:prostheses
865:Definition
765:meningitis
675:Salmonella
510:babesiosis
441:Candidemia
377:candedemia
373:candidemia
307:bacteremia
300:enter the
145:drug abuse
128:and other
114:meningitis
106:infections
77:caused by
2939:1537-6591
2859:1537-6591
2760:1600-051X
2617:1058-4838
2500:0893-8512
2442:0098-7484
2370:2154-8331
2319:0973-7693
2276:0002-838X
2241:0002-9343
2187:0028-4793
2119:: 42–50.
2086:1474-4457
2034:0934-9723
1952:0095-1137
1905:1537-6591
1719:0028-4793
1676:0732-8893
1632:1872-7913
1586:cite book
1472:1558-0539
1418:1573-2584
1364:1538-3598
1317:1776-257X
1271:1201-9712
1212:1873-3492
1115:Virulence
973:Treatment
920:pneumonia
880:catheters
786:Diagnosis
754:Mechanism
645:morbidity
481:Amoebozoa
435:catheters
381:systemic
347:Fungemias
238:Examples
126:catheters
110:pneumonia
46:Specialty
3390:Algaemia
3380:Fungemia
3111:syphilis
2957:19489710
2867:21208910
2787:Medscape
2768:16677328
2625:19374579
2567:25268440
2518:17041144
2450:22851117
2386:10854052
2378:22406882
2327:26096866
2284:11272299
2249:11893347
2205:20463340
2143:28720334
2094:22632186
2050:13043807
2042:12525919
1970:12904371
1913:16107985
1684:15380279
1640:19931813
1507:28723008
1480:27908326
1426:27160220
1382:26903338
1325:21940028
1279:16460982
1230:27387712
1147:26890622
1085:Fungemia
1069:See also
1040:such as
894:tract),
871:bacteria
796:incubate
748:Asplenia
719:Chronic
584:neonates
477:Excavata
473:Protozoa
460:Protozoa
423:patients
357:Fungemia
325:HIV-AIDS
312:bacteria
284:Viremias
266:syphilis
249:Bacteria
134:arteries
83:microbes
3399:General
3375:Viremia
3339:malaria
3240:measles
3041:D016470
2948:4039170
2558:4263314
2509:1592696
2335:1561868
2196:3107499
2134:5918639
1727:9709046
1434:6566177
1373:4968574
1221:4980259
1138:4871637
1090:Viremia
916:abscess
798:with a
695:species
502:giardia
498:Malaria
389:Candida
367:in the
298:viruses
294:Viremia
289:Viruses
3442:Sepsis
3276:rabies
3015:R78.81
2955:
2945:
2937:
2893:
2865:
2857:
2811:
2766:
2758:
2721:
2696:
2672:
2623:
2615:
2565:
2555:
2516:
2506:
2498:
2448:
2440:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2333:
2325:
2317:
2282:
2274:
2247:
2239:
2203:
2193:
2185:
2141:
2131:
2092:
2084:
2048:
2040:
2032:
1994:
1968:
1961:179863
1958:
1950:
1911:
1903:
1860:
1835:
1810:
1785:
1753:
1725:
1717:
1682:
1674:
1638:
1630:
1533:
1505:
1478:
1470:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1380:
1370:
1362:
1323:
1315:
1277:
1269:
1228:
1218:
1210:
1145:
1135:
987:sepsis
955:sepsis
946:, and
819:, and
800:medium
725:Solid
666:, and
650:E.coli
529:Causes
485:Harosa
431:cancer
408:) and
365:yeasts
255:viable
195:sepsis
152:sepsis
108:(like
91:sepsis
53:
21:sepsis
3208:mChip
3030:790.7
3010:10-CM
3001:(NOS)
2999:A49.9
2382:S2CID
2331:S2CID
2046:S2CID
1430:S2CID
922:, or
912:colon
379:, or
369:blood
361:fungi
352:Fungi
329:Ebola
316:haima
219:Types
199:fever
138:veins
75:blood
3093:for
3036:MeSH
3025:9-CM
2953:PMID
2935:ISSN
2891:ISBN
2863:PMID
2855:ISSN
2809:ISBN
2764:PMID
2756:ISSN
2719:ISBN
2694:ISBN
2670:ISBN
2621:PMID
2613:ISSN
2563:PMID
2537:JAMA
2514:PMID
2496:ISSN
2446:PMID
2438:ISSN
2422:JAMA
2374:PMID
2366:ISSN
2323:PMID
2315:ISSN
2280:PMID
2272:ISSN
2245:PMID
2237:ISSN
2201:PMID
2183:ISSN
2139:PMID
2090:PMID
2082:ISSN
2038:PMID
2030:ISSN
1992:ISBN
1966:PMID
1948:ISSN
1909:PMID
1901:ISSN
1858:ISBN
1833:ISBN
1808:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1751:ISBN
1723:PMID
1715:ISSN
1680:PMID
1672:ISSN
1636:PMID
1628:ISSN
1592:link
1563:2019
1531:ISBN
1503:PMID
1476:PMID
1468:ISSN
1422:PMID
1414:ISSN
1378:PMID
1360:ISSN
1344:JAMA
1321:PMID
1313:ISSN
1275:PMID
1267:ISSN
1226:PMID
1208:ISSN
1173:2016
1143:PMID
1005:The
930:, a
690:and
467:are
209:and
154:and
71:BSIs
3021:ICD
3006:ICD
2990:ICD
2943:PMC
2927:doi
2845:doi
2748:doi
2603:doi
2553:PMC
2545:doi
2541:312
2504:PMC
2488:doi
2430:doi
2426:308
2358:doi
2307:doi
2229:doi
2225:112
2191:PMC
2175:doi
2171:362
2129:PMC
2121:doi
2117:190
2074:doi
2022:doi
1956:PMC
1940:doi
1891:doi
1707:doi
1703:339
1664:doi
1620:doi
1460:doi
1406:doi
1368:PMC
1352:doi
1348:315
1305:doi
1301:112
1257:doi
1216:PMC
1200:doi
1196:460
1133:PMC
1123:doi
1044:or
910:or
831:or
775:).
684:ICU
619:).
418:or
363:or
166:or
136:or
112:or
97:or
3428::
3039::
3028::
3013::
2997::
2994:10
2951:.
2941:.
2933:.
2923:49
2921:.
2917:.
2905:^
2875:^
2861:.
2853:.
2841:52
2839:.
2835:.
2823:^
2795:^
2785:.
2762:.
2754:.
2744:33
2742:.
2644:.
2633:^
2619:.
2611:.
2599:48
2597:.
2593:.
2575:^
2561:.
2551:.
2539:.
2535:.
2512:.
2502:.
2494:.
2484:19
2482:.
2478:.
2458:^
2444:.
2436:.
2424:.
2412:^
2402:.
2380:.
2372:.
2364:.
2354:40
2352:.
2329:.
2321:.
2313:.
2303:83
2301:.
2278:.
2268:63
2266:.
2243:.
2235:.
2223:.
2199:.
2189:.
2181:.
2169:.
2165:.
2151:^
2137:.
2127:.
2115:.
2111:.
2088:.
2080:.
2070:12
2068:.
2044:.
2036:.
2028:.
2018:21
2016:.
1978:^
1964:.
1954:.
1946:.
1936:41
1934:.
1930:.
1907:.
1899:.
1887:41
1885:.
1881:.
1765:^
1735:^
1721:.
1713:.
1701:.
1678:.
1670:.
1660:50
1658:.
1634:.
1626:.
1616:34
1614:.
1600:^
1588:}}
1584:{{
1553:.
1497:,
1474:.
1466:.
1456:35
1454:.
1442:^
1428:.
1420:.
1412:.
1402:48
1400:.
1376:.
1366:.
1358:.
1346:.
1342:.
1319:.
1311:.
1299:.
1287:^
1273:.
1265:.
1253:10
1251:.
1247:.
1224:.
1214:.
1206:.
1194:.
1190:.
1164:.
1141:.
1131:.
1117:.
1113:.
969:.
942:,
918:,
861:.
813:,
672:.
660:,
635:,
554:.
516:,
512:,
508:,
504:,
500:,
483:,
479:,
447:)
437:.
429:,
398:,
375:,
335:,
331:,
327:,
272:,
268:,
190:.
3083:e
3076:t
3069:v
3023:-
3008:-
2992:-
2982:D
2959:.
2929::
2899:.
2869:.
2847::
2817:.
2789:.
2770:.
2750::
2654:.
2627:.
2605::
2569:.
2547::
2520:.
2490::
2452:.
2432::
2406:.
2388:.
2360::
2337:.
2309::
2286:.
2251:.
2231::
2207:.
2177::
2145:.
2123::
2096:.
2076::
2052:.
2024::
2000:.
1972:.
1942::
1915:.
1893::
1866:.
1841:.
1816:.
1791:.
1759:.
1729:.
1709::
1686:.
1666::
1642:.
1622::
1594:)
1565:.
1539:.
1482:.
1462::
1436:.
1408::
1384:.
1354::
1327:.
1307::
1281:.
1259::
1232:.
1202::
1175:.
1149:.
1125::
1119:7
1048:/
808:S
759:(
69:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
