261:
current
Kerguelen hotspot influences the present Southeast Indian Ridge volcanics far to its north but also that the isotopic parameters of basalts of the Amsterdam-Saint Paul hot spot is different from the Kerguelen hot spot. However one sample from Boomberang Seamount, from outside the crater, has a composition that is midway between St Paul Island and Kerguelen Plateau samples and this is consistent with Kerguelen-type source mantle existing beneath Boomerang Seamount. Which ever hot spot is responsible is moving south as Île Amsterdam rocks are older than St. Paul rocks. The Amsterdam–St. Paul Plateau while formed in the last 10 million years, started this formation beneath the Australian Plate so the island is built on the components of two tectonic plates.
221:. There is a magma chamber located at between 20–36 km (12–22 mi) depth below the nearby Amsterdam Island. The plateau which extends north west towards the Nieuw Amsterdam Fracture Zone (Amsterdam Fracture Zone) and south to beyond the island of St Paul with its presently known active area being delimited by the St. Paul Fracture Zone, is a 250 by 200 km (160 by 120 mi) feature of the sea floor near the
30:
Approximate surface projection of
Boomerang Seamount (blue outline). Nearby mantle Bouguer Abnormality has been mapped in red shading to indicate likely current hotspot plume location. Also mapped is approximate outline Amsterdam Saint Paul Plateau (brown), nearby subsurface transform faults (grey),
260:
but resolution of this issue is complicated, due to it being adjacent to the
Southeast Indian Ridge, and the influence of the distant Kerguelen hot spot plume. Recent independent authors have favoured a separate Amsterdam and St. Paul hotspot. There are compositional reasons to suggest that the
655:
Dubinina, E.P.; Galushkina, Y.I.; Grokholskiia, A.L.; Kokhanb, A.V.; Sushchevskaya, N.M. (2017). "Hot and Cold Zones of the
Southeast Indian Ridge and Their Influence on the Peculiarities of Its Structure and Magmatism (Numerical and Physical Modelling)".
510:
Johnson, K.T.M.; Graham, D.W.; Rubin, K.H.; Nicolaysen, K.; Scheirer, D.S.; Forsyth, D.W.; Baker, E.T.; Douglas-Priebe, L.M. (2000). "Boomerang
Seamount: the active expression of the Amsterdam-St. Paul hotspot, Southeast Indian Ridge".
487:
577:
Kumar, P.; Singha, P.; Ghosal, D.; Jacob, J.; Gupta, S. (2023). "Lithospheric architecture beneath the
Amsterdam-St. Paul plateau, Southern Indian Ocean using the integrated gravity, magnetic and seismological study".
607:
Doucet, S.; Weis, D.; Scoates, J.S.; Debaille, V.; Giret, A. (2004). "Geochemical and Hf–Pb–Sr–Nd isotopic constraints on the origin of the
Amsterdam–St. Paul (Indian Ocean) hotspot basalts".
709:
248:
This tectonically complex area has had detailed study. Helium isotopic compositional studies are consistent with its formation from the combined effects of accretion at the
496:, 6.3. Horizontal extent of the ASP plume magma supply, Fig. 6. Schematic diagram depicting interaction of the ASP plume and the SEIR since ~20 Ma in different stages.
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694:
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that is 200 m (660 ft) deep. Hydrothermal activity occurs within the caldera. The sampled rocks are
31:
fracture zones (orange), their probable extensions (light orange) and plate boundary (white, in this case the
630:"The Ninetyeast Ridge and its relation to the Kerguelen, Amsterdam and St. Paul hotspots in the Indian Ocean"
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542:"Variable melt production rate of the Kerguelen hotspot due to long-term plume-ridge interaction"
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The seamount is located on the mainly undersea
Amsterdam–Saint Paul Plateau of the
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Active submarine volcano northeast of
Amsterdam Island in the Indian Ocean
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ridge and mantle plume activity of a hot spot. This is either the
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between the
Antarctic plate that the seamount lies on, and the
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Nobre Silva, IG; Weis, D; Scoates, JS; Barling, J (2013).
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List of volcanoes in French Southern and Antarctic Lands
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Volcanoes of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
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181:, located 18 km (11 mi) northeast of
540:Bredow, E; Steinberger, B (16 January 2018).
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217:, which was predominantly formed by the
193:and has a 2 km (1.2 mi) wide
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35:) as referred to in text of article.
609:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
513:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
13:
326:
14:
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392:, 2. Regional tectonic setting.
1:
695:Seamounts of the Indian Ocean
621:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00636-8
533:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00279-X
363:Bredow & Steinberger 2018
276:
75:, 18 kilometers northwest of
546:Geophysical Research Letters
258:Amsterdam-Saint Paul hotspot
243:
191:Amsterdam-Saint Paul hotspot
58:1,100 m (3,600 ft)
7:
600:10.1016/j.tecto.2023.229989
264:
10:
726:
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256:or a potentially separate
235:tholeiitic to transitional
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50:650 m (2,000 ft)
670:10.1134/S0016852117030049
233:. Samples recovered were
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647:10.1093/petrology/egt009
342:Global Volcanism Program
525:2000E&PSL.183..245J
446:Nobre Silva et al. 2013
347:Smithsonian Institution
189:. It was formed by the
223:Southeast Indian Ridge
33:Southeast Indian Ridge
225:, which is an active
634:Journal of Petrology
559:10.1002/2017GL075822
458:Dubinina et al. 2017
434:Dubinina et al. 2017
337:"Boomerang Seamount"
302:Dubinina et al. 2017
592:2023Tectp.86329989K
470:Johnson et al. 2000
436:, pp. 212–215.
417:Johnson et al. 2000
321:Johnson et al. 2000
102: /
482:Doucet et al. 2004
405:Doucet et al. 2004
175:Boomerang Seamount
22:Boomerang Seamount
700:Hotspot volcanoes
494:Kumar et al. 2023
390:Kumar et al. 2023
377:, 7. Conclusions.
375:Kumar et al. 2023
290:Kumar et al. 2023
254:Kerguelen hotspot
179:submarine volcano
171:
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143:Submarine volcano
106:37.721°S 77.825°E
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705:Active volcanoes
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615:(1–2): 179–195.
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219:volcanic hotspot
183:Amsterdam Island
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111:-37.721; 77.825
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580:Tectonophysics
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164:Discovery date
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154:December 1995
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150:Last eruption
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73:Indian Ocean
47:Summit depth
569:10852/70913
519:: 245–259.
323:, Abstract.
292:, Fig. 5b..
109: /
84:Coordinates
689:Categories
586:: 229989.
304:, Fig. 4..
277:References
97:77°49′30″E
94:37°43′16″S
678:0016-8521
244:Tectonics
71:Southern
265:See also
68:Location
63:Location
588:Bibcode
521:Bibcode
504:Sources
209:Geology
195:caldera
159:History
132:Geology
122:Country
676:
238:basalt
199:basalt
187:France
126:France
55:Height
674:ISSN
201:and
173:The
167:1996
138:Type
666:doi
642:doi
617:doi
613:218
596:doi
584:863
564:hdl
554:doi
529:doi
517:183
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