Brian Boru - Knowledge

1333: 1714: 140: 1146:, the new king of the Northern Uí Néill and of the Cenél Eoghan, although having already submitted to Brian, was apparently unwilling to accept fully the High King's authority, and was quite rebellious. He was known for his continued aggression towards his neighbours despite previously accepting Brian's rule. In 1005, after Brian had departed Ulster, he attempted to exert his overlordship over the Ulaid, and seemingly wanted to punish them for submitting to Brian, to which the Northern Uí Néill were vehemently opposed. He attacked the kingdom, killing several kings and princes of the Ulaid. He also took several hostages. 1476: 1054:, but this presented a number of problems. The provinces of Meath and Connacht were separated by the Shannon River, which served as both a route by which Brian's naval forces could attack the shores of either province and as a barrier to the two rulers providing mutual support for each other. Máel Sechnaill came up with an ingenious solution; two bridges would be erected across the Shannon. These bridges would serve as both obstacles preventing Brian's fleet from traveling up the Shannon and a means by which the armies of the provinces of Meath and Connacht could cross over into each other's kingdoms. 1888: 1468: 1725:. The standard, and "popular", view, is that the battle ended a war between the Irish and Vikings by which Brian Boru broke Viking power in Ireland. However, revisionist historians see it as an Irish civil war in which Brian Boru's Munster and its allies defeated Leinster and Dublin, and that there were Vikings fighting on both sides. In January 2018 researchers from the Universities of Coventry, Oxford and Sheffield, led by Coventry University professor Ralph Kenna, a theoretical physicist, published a paper in the journal 2564: 1733:("The War of the Gaels with the Foreigners", i.e. the Danes and other Norsemen), that listed over 1000 relationships between about 300 characters, and concluded that the standard and popular view of the war between the Irish and Germanic Norsemen was broadly correct, but that the picture was nevertheless more complex than "a fully 'clear-cut' Irish versus Viking conflict". However one of the paper's co-authors, PhD student Joseph Yose, added that "Our statistical analysis ... cannot decisively resolve the debate". 1768:) occupation, simply because it was never entirely conquered by the Vikings, his rule saw consistent conflict against Vikings and Viking-founded settlements, the latter all having been founded to give raiders easier access to the interior of Ireland. In the last decade of the 8th century, Norse raiders began attacking targets in Ireland and, beginning in the mid-9th century, these raiders established the fortified camps that later grew into Ireland's first cities: 6171: 5360: 1393:. The two brothers would go on to fight on opposite sides in the battle. Some scholars argue that, essentially, this conflict was an Irish civil war with minor foreign participation. However, the revisionist idea of Brian Boru's campaign and the battle of Clontarf being more akin to a civil war than an international war between the Irish and Norsemen has recently been challenged by researchers from the Universities of Coventry, Oxford and Sheffield. Using 864: 34: 895:

suffered quite a few reverses in this struggle, but appears to have learned from his setbacks. He developed a military strategy that would serve him well throughout his career: the coordinated use of forces on both land and water, including on rivers and along Ireland's coast. Brian's naval forces, which included contingents supplied by the Hiberno-Norse cities that he brought under his control (particularly

1180:. However, they were unsuccessful in gaining the submission of the Cenél Chonaill. Brian then personally proceeded to lead a second invasion later that year, this time successfully subjugating and receiving the submission of the Cenél Chonaill. While Flaithbertaigh would continue attacking the Ulaid and Cenél Chonaill in late 1011 and in 1012, for the time he was no longer of any threat to Brian. 613:. In 934 Reabachán mac Mothla died and was named as "King of the Dál gCais" in the Annals (the earliest usage of this term). The same year of his death, his son Dub Gilla was killed by Brian's uncle Conghalach and Brian's grandfather Lorcáin is said to have succeeded to the kingship. He enjoyed a short reign before being succeeded by his own son 1645:, a bodyguard and possibly a relative through marriage of Brian and who was fiercely loyal to the late king. Brodir's stomach was first slashed open with a sword, his intestines were then tied to a tree, and Brodir was forced to walk around and around the tree resulting in a slow and excruciating death from both blood loss and 990:. Given the circumstances under which Máel Mórda had been appointed, it is not surprising that he launched an open rebellion against Brian's authority. With Leinster in rebellion, the kingdoms of both Brian and Mael Sechnaill were threatened, and thus they decided to briefly sideline their own conflict to defeat Leinster. 3156:

Brian initiated a stunning new undertaking in 988. Again his eyes were on opponents to the north, and again he used his geographical advantage to the full by launching onto the River Shannon at Lough Derg—from his very doorstep—an expeditionary river-fleet of some three hundred vessels, including the

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that, in the year 1005, Brian donated 22 ounces of gold to this monastery and declared that Armagh was the religious capital of Ireland, to which all other monasteries should send the funds they collected. This was a clever move, for the supremacy of the monastery of Armagh would last only so long as

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Sigtrygg fled the city, seeking support from kings in Ulster, but he was turned away by the Ulaid, leaving Sigtrygg few options but to return to Dublin and submit to Brian. Once again, Brian opted for reconciliation; he requested that Sigtrygg return and resume his position as ruler of Dublin, giving

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all agree that this was a particularly fierce and bloody engagement, although claims that it lasted from morning until midnight, or that the combined Leinster-Dublin force lost 4,000 killed are open to question. In any case, Brian followed up his victory, as he and his brother had in the aftermath of

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into Munster and in the ensuing battle he defeated the Dál gCáis, killing around six hundred men, including Brian's uncle. There was a period of relative peace between the two afterwards for about nine years, with Brian continuing to campaign elsewhere as he attempted to expand his power in the south

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Brian's family were descended from the Ui Tairdelbach branch of the Dal gCais (or Deis Tuisceart). This branch had recently taken power from the Ui Óengusso branch which had traditionally supplied the kings of the Dal gCais (also known as the Deisi Tuaiscirt). The Uí Toirdhealbhach had extended their

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of Dublin and the Norsemen from the Isles, were in the service of Máel Mórda. The High King had 'Vikings' in his army as well: the Hiberno-Norse of Limerick and probably those of Waterford, Wexford, and Cork as well. Some sources include a rival gang of Norse mercenaries from the Isle of Man, led by

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in the province of Meath, but the High King requests a month-long truce so that he can mobilise his forces, which Brian grants him. Máel Sechnaill fails to rally the regional rulers who are nominally his subordinates by the time the deadline arrives, and he is forced to surrender his title to Brian.

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Brian, then in his 60s, spent the next decade or so of his life subjugating and accepting the submissions of the last of the lesser kingdoms and regions which had not already submitted to him. Those campaigns included two full circuits of the island in 1005 and 1006, demonstrating his determination

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This was the first of three battles which highlighted Brian's career. This victory was not decisive and eventually there grew up a brief alliance of sorts between Mathgamain, Máel Muad and others to drive the Norse "soldiers" or "officials" out of Munster and destroy their Limerick fortress in 972.

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to attack it. According to the story, Brian, Mathgamain, and another older brother were on a hill or high ground near the fort tending to a herd of cattle. While they were there, they saw the raid from the mountainside after hearing screams and seeing smoke in the sky. They rushed down to the town,

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Such Hiberno-Norse cities occupied a tenuous position within Ireland's political scene long before the birth of Brian. They often suffered attacks from Irish rulers, and made alliances with others. The Norse, who initially attacked and subsequently settled in Ireland, were partially assimilated by

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as a means of justifying the Ua Briain claim to the High Kingship, a title upon which the Uí Neill had had a near-monopoly. Recent research has suggested that it might have been commissioned by Muirchertach's contemporary and cousin, Brian Glinne Maidhir, or at least someone favourable to the line

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There have been further reports that the body of Brian Boru was brought back to his homeland in Munster after his death. While passing an area named Graine, located outside Urlingford on the Leinster/Munster border, Brian's army was attacked and his corpse was tied against a tree to pretend he was

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of King Brian's clan and dynasty. In the dream, Aibell is said to have warned Brian of his impending death and further prophesied that whichever of his sons he saw first in the morning would succeed him. Believing that the dream predicted his destiny and also, it is implied, not wishing to outlive

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Though it is only speculation, it has been suggested that Brian and the Church in Ireland were together seeking to establish a new form of kingship in Ireland, one that was modelled after the kingships of England and France, in which there were no lesser ranks of regional kings—simply one king who

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For the next fifteen years, from 982 to 997, High King Máel Sechnaill repeatedly led armies into Leinster and Munster, while Brian, like his father and brother before him, led his naval forces of around three hundred ships up the Shannon to attack Connacht and Meath on either side of the river. He

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Despite the death of Mathgamain, the Dál gCais remained a powerful force. Mathgamain was succeeded as King of Thomond by Brian, who quickly proved to be as fine a commander of armies as his brother was. After attacking and killing the much-weakened Ivar in the year 977, Brian pursued a new target,

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against the Vikings from the mountains of Munster. They attacked Viking forts and patrols and survived with whatever food and weapons they found. Their attacks were successful in weakening the Vikings, but casualties began to mount and according to writings by Brian's scribe, just 15 men remained.

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Along with whatever troops he obtained from abroad, Brian mustered troops from his home province of Munster, southern Connacht, and the province of Meath, the latter contingent commanded by his old rival Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill. Brian's army may have outnumbered Máel Mórda's, since Brian felt

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Throughout his campaigns in the province, it was once again Brian's coordinated use of forces on land and at sea that allowed him to triumph; while the rulers of Ulster could bring the advance of Brian's army to a halt, they could not prevent his fleet from attacking the shores of their kingdoms.

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Afterwards, the last opposition remaining in Munster was an alliance consisting of the rebellious Irish led by Donnubán (Donovan), the man responsible for Mathgamain's death, and the remaining Norse/Viking forces, possibly led by Ivar's last remaining son and designated successor, Aralt (Harold).

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within and between the clans of the Ulaid, and together with further attacks from the Uí Néill, which led to the kingdom's being severely weakened. Brian accepted the submission of the Cenel Eoghain king in 1005 and later accepted the submission of many of the Ulaid clans at a sacred Ulaid site,

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Robert E. Howard wrote two versions of the Battle of Clontarf in 1931; a realistic historical novellette entitled "The Spears of Clontarf", which he modified to include fantastic elements such as the appearance of the God Odin and retitled "The Grey God Passes". "The Cairn on the Headland" is a

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There have been some doubts expressed about this explanation, given Brian's style of engaging in war; if he had found his opponent at a disadvantage it is most likely he would have taken full advantage of it rather than allowing his enemy the time to even the odds. Also, given the length and

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and then he had to subdue the fiercely independent regional kings of Ulster. It took Brian ten years of campaigning to achieve his goal, which, considering that he could and did call on all of the military forces of the rest of Ireland, indicates how formidable the kings of Ulster were.

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directing the army. In later years, artefacts—swords and clothing—strongly suggest that his army was in this area. Graine hill today has a wall which separates the two provinces and a narrow road still exists which used to be the main road connecting the diocese of Ossory and Cashel.

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A disagreement between Brian and Máel Sechnaill resulted in the latter withdrawing his support. Brian sent a messenger to find Donnchad and ask him to return with his detachment, but the call for help came too late. To compound Brian's problems, Máel Mórda's Norse contingents, led by

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lasted all day, but this may be an exaggeration. The fighting was incredibly bloody by all accounts. Brian's army, however, eventually broke the enemy line and the Vikings attempted to flee for their ships which were in the bay. However at this time the tide came in and many of them

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Brian had a sixth son, Domnall. Although he predeceased his father, Domnall apparently had at least one surviving child, a son whose name is not recorded. Domnall may perhaps have been the son of Brian's fourth known wife, Dub Choblaig, who died in 1009. She was a daughter of King

914:. With Munster undefended, Maél Sechnaill attacked the Dál gCáis, destroying the sacred tree of Adair, under which many of the chiefs of the Dál gCáis had been crowned, including Brian's father Cénnetig, his brother Mathgamain and Brian himself. In response, Brian led an army into 1804:

of Connacht. She is said to have been the mother of his sons Murchad, Conchobar and Flann. Later genealogies claimed that these sons left no descendants, although in fact Murchad's son Tairrdelbach is recorded as being killed at Clontarf along with his father and grandfather.

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and Vikings were also factors. This situation allowed the illegitimate (from the Eóganacht perspective) but militarized Dál Cais to attempt to seize the provincial kingship. Mathgamain was never fully recognized and was opposed throughout his career in the 960s and 970s by

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When their father died, the kingship of Tuadmumu passed to Brian's older brother, Mathgamain. Brian and Mathgamain campaigned together throughout Munster. When Mathgamain was killed in 976. Brian replaced him. Subsequently, he became king of the entire kingdom of Munster.

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Then in 993, Brian, now in control of much of Munster and gaining ground in Leinster, and unable to make significant progress against the High King on land, decided to utilise his naval superiority to attack Mael Sechnaill. His fleet sailed up the Shannon and invaded the

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Kevin O'Sullivan (24 January 2018). "Battle of Clontarf: It's a mathematical question". The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 January 2018. Centuries-old debate continues as social media analysis used to explore Viking-Irish strife ... The debate has carried on for the past 250

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A squadron of Brian's 300-strong river-fleet were sent into Connacht after harrying Mide. In an encounter with the defending Connachtmen they killed one of Connacht's princes, Muirgius son of Conchobar; but it was otherwise disastrous for Brian's fleet, whose crews were

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of the northern Uí Néill who sent troops to Máel Mórda. His inability to obtain troops from any rulers in Ireland may explain why Máel Mórda sought support from rulers outside Ireland, sending his subordinate and nephew, Sigtrygg, the ruler of Dublin, overseas to do so.

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only to find the Vikings had already left. The settlement was burnt and looted. Brian's mother was killed, as were several of Brian's brothers who were defending the town, along with many of the townspeople. This event horrified Brian and had a lasting impact on him.

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However, he did allow some of the Norse to remain in their settlement, as they were wealthy and now central to trade in the region, particularly the slave trade, and possessed a fleet of great value, which Brian would utilise in his later naval expeditions.

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Máel Mórda was aware that the High King would return to Dublin in 1014 to try once more to defeat him. He may have hoped that by defying Brian, he could enlist the aid of all the other regional rulers. If so, he was sorely disappointed. The province of

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Ulster's geography presented a formidable challenge. There were three main routes by which an invading army could enter the province, and all three favoured the defenders. Brian first had to find a means of getting through or around these defensive

3850:. This delivers a picture that lies between antipodal traditional and revisionist extremes; hostilities recorded in the text are mostly between Irish and Viking—but internal conflict forms a significant proportion of the negative interactions too. 3841:

Yose, Joseph; Kenna, Ralph; MacCarron, Máirín; MacCarron, Pádraig (2018). "Network analysis of the Viking Age in Ireland as portrayed in Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (1): 171024. doi:10.1098/rsos.171024. PMC 5792891.

899:), provided both indirect and direct support for his forces on land. Indirect support involved a fleet making a diversionary attack on an enemy in a location far away from where Brian planned to strike with his army. Direct support involved 855:, the son of his brother Mathgamain's sworn enemy Máel Muad, later became a loyal ally of Brian and served under him in a number of campaigns. According to some accounts, Cian would later marry one of Brian's daughters, Sadbh (died 1048). 1369:. These islands had been occupied by the Vikings long before and the Hiberno-Norse had close ties with Orkney and the Isle of Man. There was even a precedent for employing Norsemen from the isles; they had been used by Sigtrygg's father, 1084:

Unlike some who had previously held the title, Brian intended to be High King in more than name. To accomplish that, he needed to impose his will upon the regional rulers of the only province that did not already recognise his authority,

1295:, but Maél Sechnaill retreated for unknown reasons before any battle could occur. This led to the belief in Leinster that Meath was vulnerable, which would also weaken Brian if Leinster could knock one of his allies out of any conflict. 818:

intending to eradicate the remaining Viking presence in Munster. Upon ascending to the throne, Imar, ruler or governor of the city of Limerick who was loyal to the now-slain Ivar, fled the city by ship down the River Shannon towards the

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The influence of this book on both scholarly and popular authors cannot be exaggerated. Until the 1970s most scholarly writing concerning the Vikings' activities in Ireland, as well as the career of Brian Boru, accepted the claims of

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intensity of the struggle between Máel Sechnaill and Brian, it seems unlikely that the High King would surrender his title without a fight. In any case, it is generally accepted that in 1002 Brian became the new High King of Ireland.

826:(Scattery Island), accompanied by his sons. However, in an act of revenge for the death of his brother, Brian set aside the sacred traditions and attacked the island with his troops, slaughtered the Vikings and desecrated the church. 1416:

to fight against Brian with the Leinster forces. However, after a disagreement, Brodir planned to kill Óspak and his men the next morning. Óspak and his soldiers then fled during the night with 10 ships and sailed around Ireland to

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secure enough to dispatch a mounted detachment under the command of his youngest son, Donnchad, to raid southern Leinster, presumably hoping to force Máel Mórda to release his contingents from there to return to defend their homes.

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Brian was also greatly helped by the fact that two years before his first campaign in Ulster, in the year 1003, the brutal battle of Craeb Telcha had taken place between the Northern Uí Néill and the Ulaid, in which the king of the

2489:, in neologisms typical of that book ("clontarfminded") and obscure references (e.g. "as true as the Vernons have Brian's sword"—McHugh points out that the Vernons, an Italian family, had an ancient sword said to be Brian Boru's). 833:. Máel Muad was killed in the battle and afterwards the Eóganachta were no longer viable for the provincial Kingship, which was based upon lineage. Therefore, the Kingship of Munster passed to the Dál gCais, and Brian became king. 1788:. Within only a few generations, some Norse had converted to Christianity, intermarried with the Irish, and had often adopted the Irish language, dress and customs, thus becoming what historians refer to as the Hiberno-Norse. 1551:

There are many accounts of how Brian was killed. Some suggest he was killed during heroic man-to-man combat, although others specify that he was not involved in the battle due to his advanced age and frailty. According to the

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This caused Brian to return in 1006 and again in 1007 to deal with Flaithbertach. On the latter occasion, he removed the hostages of the Ulaid from Flaithbertach's custody and took them into his own custody (according to the

727:. Both Brian's father, Cennétig mac Lorcáin, and his older brother Mathgamain had conducted river-borne raids, in which the young Brian would undoubtedly have participated. This may have been the root of his appreciation for 968:

that is, the Southern Half, which included the Provinces of Munster and Leinster (and the Hiberno-Norse cities within them), Máel Sechnaill was simply accepting the reality that confronted him and retained control over

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Initially, Mathgamain had made peace with the Norse of Limerick. However, Brian was eager to avenge the deaths of his family members at the hands of the Vikings, and deserted with a band of his followers and launched a

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Whatever the actual reason was, Máel Mórda sought allies with which to defy the High King. He found one in Flaithbertach Uí Neill in Ulster who had only recently submitted to Brian. Together, they attacked the

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It was during this process that Brian pursued an alternative means of consolidating his control, not merely over the province of Ulster, but over Ireland as a whole. In contrast to its structure elsewhere, the

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Brian was killed; nonetheless, his army was victorious against the Leinstermen and Norsemen. The battle is widely lauded as a pivotal moment in Irish history, and is well known in popular memory.

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Peninsula. However, in one of their raids, one of Máel Sechnaill's sons, Flann, was killed when a raiding party he was leading was ambushed by the Norse, with a total of over 150 Irish killed.

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the Irish. However, Brian's father was likely slain by the Norse of Limerick and he himself died during a revolt that was supported by multiple Viking leaders, specifically the Norse of Mann.

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They gathered an army of kings from all over Munster, including their former enemy Maél Muad. They ambushed and routed the Norse at the Battle of Sulcoit. They followed up their victory by

4927: 1566:. He was killed by fleeing Viking mercenaries shortly after learning from his attendant that, despite his forces having won a great victory, his son Murchadh's standard had just fallen. 1251:. In any case, whether as high king or emperor, by 1011 all of the regional rulers in Ireland acknowledged Brian's authority. No sooner had Brian achieved this before it was lost again. 462:

in 1002. In the decade that followed, Brian campaigned against the northern Uí Néill, who refused to accept his claims; against Leinster, where resistance was frequent; and against the

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Brian made it clear that his ambitions had not been satisfied by the compromise of 997 when, in the year 1000, he led a combined Munster-Leinster-Dublin army in an attack on High King

1169:. This led to Brian's return to Ulster yet again, this time taking hostages from the Cenél Eoghain back to his home province, finally gaining the proper submission of Flaithbertaigh. 790:

However, at this point Mathgamain, inspired by the courage of his younger brother, decided to attack the Vikings with Brian and drive them from Limerick and Munster once and for all.

5025: 4922: 5020: 1310:, ravaged the southern half of the province of Leinster for three months. The forces under Murchad and Brian were reunited on 9 September outside the walls of Dublin. The city was 3497: 4879: 5000: 4985: 4995: 4884: 3658: 3572: 2518:(1988), a historical novel about Brian Boru, is told from the point of view of MelPatrick, a young nobleman at Brian's court. It uses the fictional device of the long-lost 1397:

to mathematically analyze the medieval text, they found over 1000 relationships between about 300 characters; as such, the traditional view may be more accurate after all.

841:, which may have been either a single battle or an extended conflict over the period 977–978. In any case, the event is mentioned in the Annals, and the later source the 3113:

Sir Lee MacMahon, ' Some Celtic Tribal Heraldry and Ancient Arms of Ireland, ' Irish-American Genealogist. The Augustan Society: Torrance, CA. Annual 1979. pp. 256–259.

653:", a fort north of Killaloe, where the Dál gCais held sway. Another explanation, though possibly a late (re-)interpretation, is that the nickname represented Old Irish 4932: 4912: 3601: 3396: 3387: 1184:

Once Brian entered the province of Ulster, he systematically defeated each of the regional rulers who defied him, forcing them to recognise him as their overlord.

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The Annals state that, in the year 1002, Máel Sechnaill surrendered his title to Brian, although they do not say anything about how or why this came about. The

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relates a story in which one of Brian's sons insults Máel Mórda, which leads him to declare his independence from Brian's authority and attack his neighbours.

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Flaithbertaigh would then take part in campaigns against the Cenél Chonaill, the final kingdom yet to submit to Brian, in the year 1011 alongside Brian's sons

1513:, was killed. According to one account he killed over 100 enemies, but the details of his own death are unknown. He died shortly after the Viking line broke. 1480: 1314:

by Brian's fleet, but it was the High King's army that ran out of supplies first, so that Brian was forced to abandon the siege and return to Munster around

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headed by powerful abbots who were members of the royal dynasties of the lands in which their monasteries resided. Among the most important monasteries was

4096: 922:, where they killed a prince of Connacht, Muirgius, who was among the defenders. In retaliation, the Connachtmen attacked the ships, massacring the crews. 953:, which may have been what led Máel Sechnaill to reach a compromise with him in the following year. The two kings met at Bleanphottogue, on the banks of 1498:

Brian's Irish army won partly through a small numerical advantage, and the use of small spears which they threw at the enemy. According to one account,

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According to a biography of Brian, he once witnessed a raid on a Dal gCáis fort by the Vikings of Limerick. The fort was located on the banks of the

541:. Brian's war against Máel Mórda and Sigtrygg was to be inextricably connected with his complicated marital relations, in particular his marriage to 4206:

MacShamhráin, Ailbhe (2001). "The Battle of Glenn Máma, Dublin and the High-Kingship of Ireland: A Millennial Commemoration". In Seán Duffy (ed.).

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pursuing the Vikings as they fled to the sea. He was knocked over by a wave, knocking him unconscious after hitting his head, and he drowned.

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Despite this, Brian continued to be troubled by the rebellious Flaithbertaigh. In the year 1009, Flaithbertaigh blinded and then executed the

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his son Murchadh, Brian refused to seek shelter from the retreating Vikings and even chose to dismiss his bodyguards at the critical moment.

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Brian assembled the forces of the province of Munster and Mael Sechnaill assembled those of Meath, with the intention of laying siege to the

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describes Brian making a "great slaughter" of his enemies, killing both Donnubán and Aralt, and securing his position within the province.

5215: 3793: 3060: 3489: 3221: 3143: 1046:'s home province of Meath. The struggle over who would control all of Ireland was renewed. Máel Sechnaill's most important ally was the 5180: 4370: 523:

Brian was well regarded by contemporary chroniclers. The Norse-Gaels and Scandinavians also produced works mentioning Brian, including

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In 1013, Brian led a force from his own province of Munster and from southern Connacht into Leinster, and a detachment under his son,

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of Dublin. Silkbeard was eager to enact revenge against the Ulaid for when they refused to assist him after he was forced out of his

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As the youngest of twelve brothers, Brian was highly unlikely to be heir to his father's throne. When he was young, he was sent to a

516:. Brian campaigned against these enemies in 1013. In 1014, his armies confronted the armies of Leinster and Dublin. In the resulting 3182: 1421:, where Óspak converted to Christianity and swore allegiance to Brian. He fought on the opposite side to his brother at the battle. 5278: 5170: 5076: 5040: 5035: 1154:, Brian had to take the hostages forcefully). Flaithbertaigh again submitted, and also married one of Brian's daughters, Bé Binn. 5273: 5268: 5263: 5056: 3642: 3556: 1687:(Malachy Mór), who regained the title which he had previously lost to Brian many years before. He ruled until his death in 1022. 696:(advisor). However, when Brian was ten years old, he received news that his father had been killed in battle with the Vikings of 508:

as his allies. This was followed by further attacks on Máel Sechnaill by the Germanic Norsemen of Dublin under their Norse king

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Brian's hard-won authority was seriously challenged in 1013 when his ally Máel Sechnaill was attacked by the Cenél nEógain king

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had a change of heart and arrived late to the battle and, after the death of Brian, led the Irish army and completed the rout.

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was a threat and may have been attempting to establish some overlordship in the province or a region of it himself, with the

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Brian remained the High King. Therefore, it was in the interest of Armagh to support Brian with all their wealth and power.

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With a population of under 500,000 people, Ireland had over 150 kings, with greater or lesser domains. The Uí Néill king

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The descendants of Brian were known as the Uí Briain (O'Brien) clan, hence the surnames Ó Briain, O'Brien, O'Brian etc.

1835:, who had his half-brother Tadc killed in 1023 and ruled Munster for 40 years thereafter, was the result of this union. 1332: 1283:, king of the Cenél Eoghain and the northern Uí Néill, was again becoming troublesome for Brian. In 1013, he raided the 809:

allowed him to be effortlessly dispatched or murdered by Máel Muad, who would now rule as king of Cashel for two years.

6225: 5253: 5248: 5243: 4178: 3021: 1127: 70: 6151: 4854: 4159: 3652: 3566: 3258: 3215: 3137: 2659: 1846:

Brian had at least three daughters, but their mothers are not recorded. Sadb, whose death in 1048 is recorded by the

617:

who was the first King of Dál gCais to lead an army outside his own territory and lead an expedition as far north as

117: 1967: 1808:

Another wife, Echrad, was a daughter of Carlus mac Ailella, king of Uí Áeda Odba, an obscure branch of the southern

986:

Precisely because he had submitted to Brian's authority, the king of Leinster was overthrown in 998 and replaced by

649:, a town in the region of Tuadmumu. Brian's posthumous cognomen "Bóruma" (anglicised as Boru) may have referred to " 5005: 4955: 2912:

Tincker, Mary Agnes, 1831–1907. Hannigan, Denis F. Moores of Moore's Court. Christall, C. W. High treason. (1879).

1558:, the elderly Brian Boru spent the day before his death away from combat, kneeling upon a cushion, and singing the 4889: 4048:

Wars of the Irish Kings: A Thousand Years of Struggle, from the Age of Myth Through the Reign of Queen Elizabeth I

1748:, in which Brian takes the leading role. This work is thought to have been commissioned by Brian's great-grandson 1713: 77: 5086: 1736:

The revisionist theory is that the popular image of Brian—the ruler who managed to unify the regional leaders of

5030: 1424:

Brian and Máel Sechnaill sent their forces to torch and plunder much of the countryside and hinterland north of

764:, a semi-outsider from the Cashel perspective but still a legitimate Eóganacht claimant from far south Munster. 6205: 4363: 1840: 1051: 55: 5897: 4632: 4339: 4322: 1684: 1499: 1043: 884: 447: 174: 6141: 4642: 4486: 4482: 4329: 2674: 2628:(1855–1910). His burial in St Patrick's Cathedral is referenced in the song "Boys from the County Armagh" by 2612:". It is still widely played by many traditional Irish musicians. He was the subject of at least two operas: 1097:

were some of the most powerful in Ireland, and it took Brian considerable time and resources to subdue them.

5914: 5010: 1275:

Another possible reason was that the kings of Leinster and Dublin believed Maél Sechnaill was weak and that

84: 5200: 4410: 3860:

Casey, Denis (2013). "A reconsideration of the authorship and transmission of Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh".

1528: 1259: 1122:

by Brian following the Battle of Glenmama in 999, forcing Silkbeard to return to Dublin and submit to him.

1030:

king, Cian. It may have been on this occasion that Brian married Sigtrygg's mother and Máel Mórda's sister

987: 513: 6240: 4950: 3817:"Network science shines new light on Battle of Clontarf". RTE. 24 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018. 946:. In doing this, he put pressure on the High King as he was now open to attack from both north and south. 6156: 5363: 4748: 4261: 4020: 2899: 1641:, on the other hand, Brodir was captured almost immediately afterwards and brutally tortured to death by 622: 609:

influence over Thomond and in 925 the annals note that Ánrothán son of Máel Gorm assumed the kingship of

51: 20: 5872: 5847: 5740: 6200: 5735: 4894: 4667: 4536: 4516: 4074: 3277:

But Brian came away from Bleanphottogue with an agreement that saw him as the equal to his former lord.

1652:

After his death, Brian's body was taken, as he had instructed moments before Brodir's arrival, for his

1554: 1268: 1059: 805:

The two Gaelic claimants were soon back to fighting and the fortuitous capture of Mathgamain in 976 by

66: 5921: 5857: 1708: 1579: 918:

where he plundered the land. Brian's fleet did suffer a setback when a squadron of his fleet attacked

744: 626: 424: 6235: 6195: 6019: 5852: 5389: 5210: 4980: 4662: 4621: 4429: 4356: 3248: 2608:

His name is remembered in the title of one of the oldest tunes in Ireland's traditional repertoire: "

2094: 1828: 614: 562: 333: 271: 4965: 4698: 4506: 4473: 3707: 1859: 1354: 1280: 1143: 829:

Around the same time, in 978, Brian challenged Máel Muad to battle, and defeated him in the fateful

501: 144:

One of the earliest depictions of Brian on the 1723 publication of Dermot O'Connor's translation of

139: 6250: 6146: 6049: 6039: 5682: 5340: 5258: 4738: 4531: 4396: 4147: 1947: 1721:

For the last 250 years there has been a debate among historians about Ireland's Viking age and the

1284: 1212: 1162: 634: 586: 542: 4874: 4672: 3737: 3313: 2699: 2332: 1158: 590: 443:, and is widely regarded as one of the most successful and unifying monarchs in medieval Ireland. 343: 146: 6120: 6004: 4788: 4571: 4566: 4458: 4448: 4419: 1570: 1540: 1445: 1409: 1405: 1390: 1386: 1189: 830: 773: 44: 5837: 1001:. Together Máel Mórda and Sigtrygg determined to meet Brian's army in battle rather than risk a 806: 777:

even asserting he actually achieved this until routed by Mathgamain and Brian in the celebrated

602: 420: 6009: 5892: 4829: 4652: 4241: 2617: 1821: 1749: 1288: 1090: 838: 681: 646: 237: 4839: 4526: 4405: 4295: 3789: 3052: 2809: 2040: 1915:, which means 'grandson or descendant' (of a named person). The prefix is often anglicised to 1863: 1855: 1851: 1303:(again), where the former High King Máel Sechnaill sought Brian's help to defend his kingdom. 883:

to the east and Connacht to the north-west. By doing so, he came into conflict with High King

761: 311: 207: 6034: 5887: 4824: 4647: 4391: 3904: 3205: 3127: 2898:

Ní Mhaonaigh, p. 15, notes that Brian is associated with Béal Bóruma in a poem attributed to

2609: 1817: 1475: 1380:, this was not an attempt by the Vikings to reconquer Ireland. All of the Norsemen, both the 497:

of all north-western Europe), the only Irish king to receive that distinction in the annals.

365: 4501: 4424: 1801: 852: 6245: 6215: 6210: 6174: 6085: 5938: 5509: 5382: 4758: 4728: 4657: 4414: 3008: 2669: 2274: 2244: 1337: 1151: 689: 650: 594: 404: 392: 388: 156: 5817: 4691: 3423:"Network analysis of the Viking Age in Ireland as portrayed in Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh" 2734:"Network analysis of the Viking Age in Ireland as portrayed in Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh" 8: 6080: 5963: 5882: 5867: 5471: 4849: 4809: 4783: 4778: 4521: 4154:. The Gill History of Ireland. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. 3623: 3174: 2649: 1832: 1642: 1292: 1177: 794: 432: 301: 297: 257: 4627: 4463: 3597:

Famous Assassinations of History: From the Time of Julius Caesar Down to the Present Day

1887: 91: 6105: 6029: 6024: 6014: 5948: 5842: 5504: 5466: 4844: 4733: 4714: 4400: 3885: 3877: 3447: 3422: 2929: 2758: 2733: 2664: 2632:(1866–1927). His exploits in battle serve as the inspiration for Irish folk metal band 2486: 1938: 1928: 1867: 1722: 1536: 1510: 1487: 1437: 1373:, in 980, and by Sigtrygg himself in 990. Their incentive to fight was loot, not land. 1370: 1327: 1307: 1173: 1115: 1063:

provides a story in which Brian challenges High King Máel Sechnaill to a battle at the

1006: 998: 935: 911: 610: 546: 517: 509: 451: 440: 408: 323: 285: 241: 5832: 1467: 1266:

had only accepted Brian's authority grudgingly, and in 1012 he rose in rebellion. The

6115: 6070: 6044: 5807: 5656: 5646: 5499: 4834: 4753: 4511: 4438: 4174: 4155: 4133: 4051: 3986:

ch: XXV pages 257,259 - author: Geoffrey Keating corpus of electronic texts edition,

3910: 3889: 3843: 3648: 3628:

Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh – The War of the Gaedhil with the Danes and Other Norsemen

3562: 3452: 3367: 3329: 3319: 3254: 3211: 3133: 3094: 3086: 2968: 2958: 2917: 2795: 2781: 2763: 1604: 1569:

The most common accounts attribute the killing of Brian Boru to the Viking mercenary

1563: 1135: 1119: 1015: 994: 926: 786: 778: 550: 466: 280: 3688:

James Todd's translation of the Cogadh Gaedhel Re Gallaibh, pages cixxxviii, 200-205

3679:

James Todd's translation of the Cogadh Gaedhel Re Gallaibh, pages cixxxviii, 200-201

585:, meaning that he was either heir or candidate ("king material") to the kingship of 6090: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5827: 5787: 5777: 5755: 5702: 5603: 5562: 5549: 5524: 5314: 4617: 4348: 4302: 4101: 3869: 3442: 3434: 2753: 2745: 2654: 2629: 2499: 1955: 1632: 1584: 1532: 1495:

attempting to swim for their ships as they were relentlessly pursued by the Irish.

1461: 1425: 1300: 1276: 1047: 958: 915: 888: 768: 493: 471: 253: 189: 5420: 4607: 4597: 4443: 4120: 455: 5988: 5983: 5953: 5943: 5877: 5750: 5697: 5613: 5598: 5309: 4814: 4773: 4763: 4434: 4265: 3994: 3400: 2633: 2507: 2098: 1971: 1813: 1683:

Brian was succeeded as High King of Ireland by his former enemy, and later ally,

1588: 904: 819: 724: 531: 428: 353: 293: 4561: 4468: 2844:

ardrí Gaidhel Erenn & Gall & Bretan, August iartair tuaiscirt Eorpa uile

1922: 605:

may explain why he received the name Brian, which was rare among the Dál gCais.

477:

ardrí Gaidhel Erenn & Gall & Bretan, August iartair tuaiscirt Eorpa uile

5692: 5618: 4768: 4551: 4541: 2625: 2477: 1875: 1657: 1646: 1612: 1441: 1394: 1227: 1217: 1026:

Sigtrygg the hand of one of his daughters in marriage, just as he had with the

939: 748: 630: 525: 436: 373: 5769: 4496: 4477: 4105: 2278: 2248: 1696: 719:

served as an easy route by which raids could be made against the provinces of

598: 545:, Máel Mórda's sister and Sigtrygg's mother, who had been in turn the wife of 537: 6189: 6125: 5812: 5651: 5489: 5330: 4612: 4556: 4195:

Downham, Clare (2005). "The Battle of Clontarf in Irish History and Legend".

4090: 3987: 3333: 3157:

Norse fleet of Waterford, and directing their course northwards to Lough Ree.

2972: 2921: 2541: 2522:

as its source. It is the third in a series based on Irish history, beginning

1809: 1661: 1628: 1506: 1248: 1131: 823: 756: 716: 704: 589:

or Munster, although this might be a later interpolation. Brian's mother was

488: 419:

was given to him posthumously Brian built on the achievements of his father,

396: 4233:

Ryan, John (1967). "Brian Boruma, King of Ireland". In Etienne Rynne (ed.).

2502:, the death of Brian Boru is described from the main character's viewpoint. 1700: 1637: 1134:

was wiped out, with the Uí Néill gaining victory. This then led to a bloody

1027: 879:, Brian turned to extending his authority over the neighboring provinces of 752: 685: 668:

and the history of Ireland. He was taught at the monastery on the island of

5782: 5554: 5534: 5481: 5461: 5335: 5304: 4576: 4546: 3847: 3763: 3456: 2767: 1653: 1064: 1010: 943: 677: 657:"of the cattle tribute", referring to his capacity as a powerful overlord. 574: 4279: 3873: 3421:

Yose, Joseph; Kenna, Ralph; MacCarron, Máirín; MacCarron, Pádraig (2018).

3388:"Crowning of Ireland's Last, Scottish High King - Trinity News and Events" 2732:

Yose, Joseph; Kenna, Ralph; MacCarron, Máirín; MacCarron, Pádraig (2018).

566: 6075: 5822: 5514: 5405: 5345: 4602: 4491: 4453: 3708:"Brian Boru :: Saint Patrick's Cathedral Armagh – Church of Ireland" 2482: 1785: 1600: 1574: 1453: 1449: 1413: 1381: 1366: 1197: 1166: 1107: 975:, that is, the Northern Half, which consisted of the Provinces of Meath, 669: 463: 3881: 3438: 2749: 1627:

alleges that when Brian Boru and Brodir came face to face, similarly to

5958: 5745: 5539: 2600: 2494: 1959: 1669: 1596: 1543:, who likely killed Brian, was captured and executed after the battle. 1031: 971: 747:, claimed control over the entire province of Munster by capturing the 688:

chief who had become the head of the monastery, noted for starting the

2955:

Insula Sanctorum Et Doctorum Or Ireland's Ancient Schools And Scholars

2842:

For instance, Brian Bórama mac Cennétig was described in AU 1014.2 as

961:, where the agreement was made. By recognising Brian's authority over 6095: 5631: 5626: 5494: 5476: 1777: 1729:

that used network science to mathematically analyse the 12th-century

1583:, Brian was visited in a dream on the night prior to the battle by a 1577:

while praying in his tent at Clontarf. According to the 12th century

1353:

failed to support either side of the conflict, with the exception of

1315: 1201: 963: 954: 896: 868: 673: 661: 1966:, leader of the patriotic revolt and battle that contributed to the 1287:, bringing him into direct conflict with Maél Sechnaill who was the 1114:

Brian received naval support throughout his northern campaigns from

863: 33: 19:

This article is about the High King of Ireland. For other uses, see

5687: 5641: 5608: 5593: 5529: 5446: 4217:

History of the O'Briens from Brian Boroimhe, A.D. 1000 to A.D. 1945

1932: 1773: 1521: 1492: 1418: 1346: 1311: 1263: 976: 950: 919: 880: 720: 708: 697: 484: 4065:

Jaski, Bart (2005). "Brian Boru (926–1014)". In Seán Duffy (ed.).

2810:"Brian Bórama (Bóruma, Boru) | Dictionary of Irish Biography" 910:

The conflict began in 982, when Brian was campaigning against the

6110: 5720: 5712: 5661: 5456: 5451: 4743: 1781: 1765: 1737: 1616: 1608: 1193: 1019: 876: 798: 618: 578: 570: 459: 400: 318: 1376:

It has been argued that, contrary to the assertions made in the

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Burials at St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh (Church of Ireland)

6065: 5730: 5519: 4259:

Battle of Clontarf website produced by Trinity College Dublin

4258: 4237:. Limerick: Thomond Archaeological Society. pp. 355–374. 1963: 1635:, all they accomplished was to kill each other. According to 1429: 1232: 1094: 1002: 665: 645:

Brian was born at Kincora, his father's residence or fort in

480: 2727: 2725: 2540:

The story of Brian Boru's final battle and death is told in

4683: 3420: 3414: 2731: 2511:(1980) is a historical novel about the life of Brian Boru. 1744:) occupation—originates from the powerful influence of the 900: 728: 629:, built on these achievements and was the first to capture 411:

as "Brian mac Cennétig" (Brian, son of Cennétig). The name

2722: 949:

In 996, Brian finally managed to control the province of

1909: 1527:

On the Leinster and Viking side, many were also killed.

553:, then of Máel Sechnaill, and finally of Brian himself. 1509:

was wiped out in the battle. The king's son and heir,

3091:

1001 Battles That Changed the Course of World History

2838:

The Present and the Past in Medieval Irish Chronicles

1764:

While Brian may not have freed Ireland from a Norse (

1130:

and of the Uí Neill was killed and most of the Ulaid

403:

invasions of Ireland. Brian Boru is mentioned in the

4378: 3084: 1858:. Bé Binn was married to the northern Uí Néill king 1800:

Brian's first wife was Mór, daughter of the king of

1452:, 18 April. The battle occurred five days later, on 621:. By his death in 951, he had been acknowledged as " 1247:had (or sought to have) power over all others in a 997:, which was ruled by Máel Mórda's ally and cousin, 875:Having established unchallenged rule over his home 58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4089: 4010:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. 1161:Later that year he would also launch raids in the 4242:Article by the Clare County Library on Brian Boru 3977:. Trans. George DaSent. London, 1861. §§ 154–157. 3862:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section C 3490:"Maél-Sechnaill (Maél-Sechnaill II; Malachy Mór)" 3318:. Gill & Macmillan. pp. 26–27, 151–154. 2914:The monitor : an illustrated Dublin magazine 2889:Brian Boru and The Battle of Clontarf, Seán Duffy 1225:Brian is not referred to in the passage from the 707:, allowing the Vikings to sail up the river from 391:from 1002 - 1014. He ended the domination of the 6187: 4022:Cruachan – Born for War (The Rise of Brian Boru) 1656:to the church upon Spittal Hill, in what is now 4228:. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. pp. 111–131. 3827: 3825: 3823: 1005:. Thus, in 999, the opposing armies fought the 2485:, makes multiple references to Brian Boru and 1672:. His tomb is said to be in the north wall of 1237:—that is, High King—but rather he is declared 5390: 4699: 4364: 3512: 3405: 2993: 2552:sequel to the latter set in the present day. 1412:. Initially the two brothers sailed from the 858: 4210:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 53–64. 4205: 4127: 4100:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3906:Ireland's History: Prehistory to the Present 3896: 3820: 2934:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2916:. Published by Joseph Pollard. p. 309. 1505:Apart from Brian himself, much of the Irish 1404:Brian was also joined by the aforementioned 867:Banner reputedly used by Brian of which the 797:. They killed every man of fighting age and 680:. His teacher or mentor was the noted monk, 601:in west Connacht. That they belonged to the 16:Historical king of Ireland from 1002 to 1014 4214: 3813: 3811: 3764:"BRIAN BORU who again became the High King" 1920: 1919:, using an apostrophe instead of the Irish 1901: 1520:was also killed. Aged 15, he led the Irish 1456:, 23 April 1014, just north of the city of 1238: 692:. Ua Cearbhaill would later become Brian's 450:, abandoned by his northern kinsmen of the 5397: 5383: 4706: 4692: 4371: 4357: 4079:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4045: 3988:https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100054.html 2938:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1562:, paters, aves, and other prayers using a 1018:thirty-two years before, by capturing and 138: 4223: 4146: 3909:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 46–51. 3446: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2757: 1879:, he had a foster-son named Kerthialfad. 1668:to be buried in the Cathedral founded by 812: 767:In addition to Máel Muad, the Norse king 561:Brian Boru was one of the twelve sons of 387: – 23 April 1014) was the 118:Learn how and when to remove this message 4091:"Brian Bóruma (Brian Boru) (c.941–1014)" 4069:. Abingdon and New York. pp. 45–47. 3956:Ní Mhaonaigh, pp. 31 & 32–33; Duffy. 3903:Campbell, Kenneth L. (5 December 2013). 3902: 3808: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 2986: 2984: 2982: 1931:subsequently ranked as one of the chief 1886: 1740:so as to free the land from a 'Danish' ( 1712: 1474: 1466: 1331: 1254: 862: 4870:Muircheartach mac Toirdelbhach Ó Briain 4313:Dúngal mac Máelfothartaig Hua Donnchada 4194: 4097:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3640: 3554: 1479:Plaque at Brian Boru's burial place in 1037: 399:, and is likely responsible for ending 217:Dúngal mac Máelfothartaig Hua Donnchada 6188: 4379:Kings of Ireland, circa 549–1175 3661:from the original on 25 September 2021 3644:Northmen: The Viking Saga, AD 793–1241 3604:from the original on 25 September 2021 3575:from the original on 25 September 2021 3558:Northmen: The Viking Saga, AD 793–1241 3361: 3340:from the original on 25 September 2021 3307: 3305: 3267:from the original on 25 September 2021 3224:from the original on 25 September 2021 3146:from the original on 25 September 2021 3063:from the original on 25 September 2021 2869: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2700:"Keating and the King in Print (1723)" 2348: 2224: 2220: 2210: 2114: 2007: 2003: 1974:claim descent from Brian Boru, as did 1946:Brian's third great-granddaughter was 1827:Brian's most famous marriage was with 1753:descended from Brian's son, Donnchad. 1481:St. Patrick's Cathedral, (COI), Armagh 1336:Oil painting of Battle of Clontarf by 1291:. The two armies had a stand-off near 738: 184:Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill (restored) 5378: 5036:Conchobhar mac Toirdhealbaig Ó Briain 4865:Toirdhealbhach mac Diarmada Ua Briain 4687: 4352: 4252: 4171:Brian Boru and the Battle of Clontarf 4168: 4087: 4064: 3859: 3718:from the original on 27 February 2015 3593: 3521: 3357: 3355: 3315:Brian Boru and the Battle of Clontarf 3311: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3250:Brian Boru and the Battle of Clontarf 3246: 3207:Brian Boru and the Battle of Clontarf 3203: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3129:Brian Boru and the Battle of Clontarf 3125: 3121: 3119: 3080: 3078: 2979: 2952: 2840:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 228. 2835: 2638:Born for War (The Rise of Brian Boru) 2418: 2408: 2404: 2392: 2389: 2379: 2366: 2356: 2352: 2336: 2330: 2320: 2308: 2298: 2294: 2282: 2272: 2262: 2242: 2232: 2228: 2204: 2194: 2182: 2172: 2168: 2156: 2154: 2144: 2132: 2122: 2118: 2102: 2092: 2082: 2070: 2060: 2056: 2044: 2038: 2028: 2015: 2011: 1795: 1611:and was traditionally considered the 1321: 1208:, located in the Province of Ulster. 1034:, the former wife of Máel Sechnaill. 577:, then a sub-kingdom in the north of 458:, acknowledged Brian as High King at 4232: 4130:Brian Boru. Ireland's greatest king? 4039: 3796:from the original on 29 October 2019 3622: 3050: 3032:from the original on 30 January 2020 2957:. Read Books Ltd. pp. 500–502. 2826:(Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1972) 2466: 1891:Donough O'Brien, 4th Earl of Thomond 1831:, sister of Máel Mórda of Leinster. 1812:. She was the mother of Brian's son 556: 423:, and especially his elder brother, 56:adding citations to reliable sources 27: 4991:Conchobhar mac Mathghamhna Ó Briain 3641:Haywood, John (27 September 2016). 3555:Haywood, John (27 September 2016). 3487: 3366:. Dublin: Anvil Books. p. 92. 2851: 1516:Brian's grandson and Murchad's son 1486:All of the accounts state that the 1365:, and on his return stopped at the 1100: 435:, eventually becoming High King of 13: 5016:Donnchadh mac Mathghamhna Ó Briain 4961:Donnchadh mac Toirdelbach Ó Briain 4918:Donnchadh mac Brian Ruadh Ó Briain 4188: 3472: 3352: 3282: 3185:from the original on 24 April 2020 3162: 3116: 3075: 3022:"Brian Boru and Dynastic Upheaval" 3014: 2562: 1882: 1824:rivalled Brian in power and fame. 1690: 907:, the army forming the other arm. 822:and took refuge in a monastery on 14: 6262: 4976:Mathghamhain Maonmhaighe Ó Briain 4971:Diarmuid mac Toirdelbach Ó Briain 4067:Medieval Ireland. An Encyclopedia 4046:McCullough, David Willis (2002). 3770:from the original on 25 June 2016 3744:from the original on 29 June 2020 3500:from the original on 27 June 2020 3362:Newman, Roger Chatterton (1983). 2782:"Part 54 of Annals of Inisfallen" 2710:from the original on 14 June 2020 1866:, was married to Brian's stepson 1279:was vulnerable. This was because 6170: 6169: 5359: 5358: 4593:Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid 4173:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. 2796:"Part 114 of Chronicon Scotorum" 2599:Problems playing this file? See 2578: 2207:Brian Boru, High King of Ireland 1976:Sir Donough O'Brien, 1st Baronet 1595:. Aibell had been demoted since 1471:Brian on the Morning of Clontarf 1075: 32: 5404: 4928:Donnchadh mac Domhnall Ó Briain 4013: 4000: 3980: 3968: 3959: 3950: 3947:Ní Mhaonaigh, pp. 31–32; Duffy. 3941: 3932: 3923: 3853: 3835: 3782: 3756: 3730: 3700: 3691: 3682: 3673: 3634: 3616: 3587: 3548: 3539: 3481: 3463: 3380: 3240: 3204:Duffy, Seán (11 October 2013). 3197: 3107: 3044: 3002: 2946: 2905: 2892: 2883: 1717:Sculpture outside Chapel Royal. 1448:of the Isle of Man, arrived on 743:In 964, Brian's older brother, 43:needs additional citations for 2829: 2816: 2802: 2788: 2774: 2692: 1841:Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg 1705:Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar 1052:Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg 1: 4890:Donnchadh Cairbreach Ó Briain 4008:Annotations in Finnegans Wake 3093:. Random House. p. 128. 3051:Todd, James Henthorn (1867). 2680: 2675:List of High Kings of Ireland 2660:History of Ireland (800–1169) 2523: 2471: 1951: 640: 469:. Brian was described in the 381: 229: 5031:Toirdhealbhach Donn Ó Briain 5021:Conchobhar na Srona Ó Briain 4713: 4224:Ó Corráin, Donnchad (1972). 4128:Ní Mhaonaigh, Máire (2007). 4121:UK public library membership 3175:"Brian Boru–Irish Biography" 3053:"Cogadh Gaédhal re Galliabh" 2685: 1531:was killed in the fighting. 1349:and most of the province of 1081:and energy despite his age. 995:Hiberno-Norse city of Dublin 801:the rest of the population. 795:looting and burning Limerick 581:. Cennétig was described as 439:. He was the founder of the 7: 6231:11th-century Irish monarchs 5898:Domnall mac Taidc Uí Briain 5166:Murrough I McDermot O'Brien 5006:Toirdhealbhach Bóg Ó Briain 4956:Toirdhealbhach Mór Ó Briain 4880:Muircheartach Finn Ó Briain 4759:Kings of Mann and the Isles 4633:Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill 4340:Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill 4323:Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill 3965:Ní Mhaonaigh, p. 33; Duffy. 3938:Ní Mhaonaigh, p. 32; Duffy. 3929:Ní Mhaonaigh, p. 31; Duffy. 3478:Seán Duffy, History Ireland 3469:Njals Saga, Chapter 144–145 3364:Brian Boru: King of Ireland 2880:Jaski, "Brian Boru", p. 45. 2706:. Trinity College, Dublin. 2643: 2591:performed by military band. 1981: 1936: 1159:king of the Cenél Chonaill. 1044:Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill 885:Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill 837:Brian attacked them at the 700:, and he was brought home. 512:and the Leinstermen led by 448:Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill 427:. Brian first made himself 175:Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill 21:Brian Boru (disambiguation) 10: 6267: 5915:The Expulsion of the Déisi 5828:Conall of the Swift Steeds 5026:Toirdhealbhach Óg Ó Briain 5011:Tadhg an Chomhaid Ó Briain 5001:Mathghamhain Dall Ó Briain 4986:Toirdelbhach Maol Ó Briain 4923:Diarmuid Cléirech Ó Briain 4895:Conor na Siudane Ua Briain 4668:Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn 4226:Ireland before the Normans 4152:Ireland before the Normans 3647:. Macmillan. p. 158. 3561:. Macmillan. p. 158. 3427:Royal Society Open Science 2824:Ireland before the Normans 2738:Royal Society Open Science 2419:15. Cianog ingen Ciocharan 2342: 2222: 2108: 2005: 1759:Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh 1746:Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh 1731:Cogadh Gáedhel re Gallaibh 1727:Royal Society Open Science 1694: 1625:Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh 1555:Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh 1533:Sigurd the Stout of Orkney 1378:Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh 1325: 1269:Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh 1243:, 'Emperor of the Gaels'. 1165:going as far south as the 1060:Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh 938:, in what is now counties 925:Mael Sechnaill launched a 859:Clashes with the High King 565:(d. 951), who was King of 18: 6226:Monarchs killed in action 6165: 6134: 6058: 5997: 5931: 5906: 5800: 5768: 5711: 5670: 5576: 5428: 5419: 5412: 5354: 5323: 5297: 5229: 5151: 5105: 5049: 5041:Murchadh Carrach Ó Briain 4996:Tadhg an Glemore Ó Briain 4981:Brian Sreamhach Ua Briain 4951:Tadhg Cael Uisce Ó Briain 4941: 4903: 4885:Conchobhar Ruadh Ó Briain 4797: 4721: 4663:Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair 4585: 4384: 4336: 4327: 4319: 4309: 4300: 4292: 4287: 4273: 4247:Article in Irish Examiner 4215:O'Brien, Donough (1949). 2999:McCullough (2002), p. 106 2953:Healy, Rev. John (2016). 2406: 2398: 2373: 2354: 2350: 2314: 2296: 2288: 2256: 2230: 2226: 2188: 2170: 2162: 2138: 2120: 2116: 2076: 2058: 2050: 2022: 2009: 1954: 1097 – 1136), 1408:, a Norseman, brother of 887:whose power base was the 751:, capital of the ancient 682:Maelsuthain Ua Cearbhaill 370:Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig 349: 339: 329: 317: 279: 263: 247: 225: 221: 213: 203: 195: 188: 180: 170: 162: 155: 137: 132: 5873:Echthighern mac Cennétig 5848:Flannán mac Toirrdelbaig 4643:Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó 4397:Forggus mac Muirchertaig 3993:31 December 2018 at the 3712:stpatricks-cathedral.org 3518:McCullough(2002), p. 111 3399:12 November 2020 at the 3253:. Gill & Macmillan. 3210:. Gill & Macmillan. 3132:. Gill & Macmillan. 2836:Evans, Nicholas (2010). 2555: 1948:Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd 1935:families of the country 1907:which in turn came from 1546: 393:High Kingship of Ireland 6152:monarchs of Déisi Muman 6121:Contention of the Bards 5922:Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib 5858:Mathgamain mac Cennétig 4572:Fedelmid mac Crimthainn 4567:Conchobar mac Donnchada 4411:Báetán mac Muirchertaig 3411:McCullough(2002), p.109 2390:7. Osnad ingen Criachan 1993:Ancestors of Brian Boru 1986:Ancestry of Brian Boru 1927:( ´ ). The 1910: 1709:Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib 1676:in the city of Armagh. 1615:, protectress, and the 1580:Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib 1281:Flaithbertaigh Uí Néill 1260:Máel Mórda mac Murchada 1233: 1192:was not centred around 1144:Flaithbertaigh Ua Néill 988:Máel Mórda mac Murchada 903:acting as one arm in a 831:Battle of Belach Lechta 774:Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib 514:Máel Mórda mac Murchada 369: 5893:Muirchertach Ua Briain 5868:Cuiduligh mac Cennétig 5211:Edward Dominic O'Brien 5087:Henry Ibrackan O'Brien 4966:Muircheartach Ó Briain 4830:Muirchertach Ua Briain 4789:Composition of Thomond 4653:Muirchertach Ua Briain 4264:2 October 2017 at the 2990:Clare County Libraries 2618:Johann Bernhard Logier 2567: 1921: 1902: 1892: 1860:Flaithbertach Ua Néill 1750:Muirchertach Ua Briain 1718: 1674:St Patrick's Cathedral 1483: 1472: 1355:Flaithbertach Ua Néill 1341: 1239: 1089:. The kingdoms of the 872: 839:Battle of Cathair Cuan 813:Early reign in Munster 569:and king of Tuadmumu ( 502:Flaithbertach Ua Néill 377: 6206:High Kings of Ireland 6142:High Kings of Ireland 5888:Toirdelbach Ua Briain 5259:William Smith O'Brien 5092:Henry Horatio O'Brien 4875:Domnall Mór Ua Briain 4825:Toirdelbach Ua Briain 4820:Murchad mac Donnchada 4673:Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair 4648:Toirdelbach Ua Briain 4517:Fergal mac Máele Dúin 4392:Diarmait mac Cerbaill 4235:North Munster Studies 4106:10.1093/ref:odnb/3377 3874:10.1353/ria.2013.0011 3594:Tousy, Frank (1882). 2866:Duffy, "Brian Bóruma" 2822:Donnchadh O Corrain, 2566: 2333:Bé Binn inion Urchadh 1890: 1848:Annals of Innisfallen 1716: 1585:Pre-Christian goddess 1478: 1470: 1335: 1255:Rebellion in Leinster 1213:Maelsuthain O'Carroll 866: 731:in his later career. 591:Bé Binn inion Urchadh 549:, king of Dublin and 344:Bé Binn inion Urchadh 305:Kerthialfad (adopted) 147:Foras Feasa ar Éirinn 6086:Dal Fiachrach Suighe 5939:Ballinalacken Castle 5853:Cennétig mac Lorcáin 5838:Mainchín of Limerick 5181:Murrough III O'Brien 4913:Brian Ruadh Ó Briain 4729:High King of Ireland 4658:Domnall Ua Lochlainn 4622:Ruaidrí ua Canannáin 4430:Fiachnae mac Báetáin 4415:Eochaid mac Domnaill 4330:High King of Ireland 4197:History Ireland 5.13 4169:Duffy, Seán (2013). 4088:Duffy, Seán (2004). 3624:Todd, James Henthorn 3312:Duffy, Seán (2014). 3247:Duffy, Seán (2014). 3126:Duffy, Seán (2014). 3009:Annals of Inisfallen 2670:Lists of Irish kings 2275:Urchadh mac Murchadh 2245:Murchadh mac Maenach 2095:Cennétig mac Lorcáin 1968:Great Revolt of 1136 1862:. A third daughter, 1277:the Kingdom of Meath 1215:, documented in the 1200:, but rather around 1152:Annals of Inisfallen 1038:Struggle for Ireland 807:Donnubán mac Cathail 690:Annals of Inisfallen 595:Urchadh mac Murchadh 563:Cennétig mac Lorcáin 421:Cennétig mac Lorcain 405:Annals of Inisfallen 389:High King of Ireland 334:Cennétig mac Lorcáin 157:High King of Ireland 52:improve this article 6157:monarchs of Thomond 6081:Cycles of the Kings 5964:Craggaunowen Castle 5883:Donnchad mac Briain 5206:Murrough IV O'Brien 5196:William III O'Brien 5171:Murrough II O'Brien 5143:Charles III O'Brien 4850:Conchobar Ua Briain 4840:Domnall Gerrlámhach 4810:Donnchad mac Briain 4522:Cathal mac Finguine 4296:Máel Muad mac Brain 3790:"King Malachy More" 3630:. pp. 196–205. 3439:10.1098/rsos.171024 3394:on 31 October 2019. 2750:10.1098/rsos.171024 2650:Annals of Tigernach 2041:Lorcáin mac Lachtna 2016:8. Lachtna mac Corc 1856:Máel Muad mac Brain 1643:Ulf the Quarrelsome 1535:was also killed by 1361:Sigtrygg sailed to 877:Province of Munster 762:Máel Muad mac Brain 739:Reign of Mathgamain 535:, and the now-lost 487:foreigners and the 483:of Ireland and the 258:Kingdom of Leinster 208:Máel Muad mac Brain 5949:Ballyhannon Castle 5843:Mo Lua of Killaloe 5413:Kindreds and septs 5216:William IV O'Brien 5191:William II O'Brien 5138:Charles II O'Brien 5128:Daniel III O'Brien 5067:Donough II O'Brien 4933:Brian Bán Ó Briain 4845:Diarmait Ua Briain 4502:Fínsnechta Fledach 4459:Óengus mac Colmáin 4425:Áed mac Ainmuirech 4420:Báetán mac Cairill 4401:Domnall Ilchelgach 4253:External resources 4208:Medieval Dublin II 4148:Ó Corráin, Donncha 4132:. Stroud: Tempus. 3488:Doherty, Charles. 2704:Battle of Clontarf 2665:History of Ireland 2610:Brian Boru's March 2589:Brian Boru's March 2574:Brian Boru's March 2568: 2505:Morgan Llywelyn's 2492:In the 1949 novel 1939:Chiefs of the Name 1893: 1868:Sigtrygg Silkbeard 1802:Uí Fiachrach Aidne 1796:Wives and children 1723:Battle of Clontarf 1719: 1488:Battle of Clontarf 1484: 1473: 1438:Sigurd Hlodvirsson 1342: 1328:Battle of Clontarf 1322:Battle of Clontarf 1240:Imperator Scotorum 1116:Sigtrygg Silkbeard 1022:the enemy's city. 1007:Battle of Glenmama 999:Sigtrygg Silkbeard 936:Kingdom of Breifne 912:kingdom of Osraige 873: 871:colours are based. 597:(d. 945), king of 518:Battle of Clontarf 510:Sigtrygg Silkbeard 479:(High King of the 431:, then subjugated 409:Chronicon Scotorum 242:Kingdom of Munster 6201:Kings of Limerick 6183: 6182: 6116:Kingdom of Ormond 5818:Declán of Ardmore 5808:Fedlimid Rechtmar 5796: 5795: 5764: 5763: 5372: 5371: 5264:Lucius II O'Brien 5254:Edward II O'Brien 5186:William I O'Brien 5176:Dermod II O'Brien 5133:Charles I O'Brien 5123:Daniel II O'Brien 5097:Henry III O'Brien 5057:Donough I O'Brien 5050:Ó Briain Tuamhain 4906:Clann Brian Ruadh 4855:Bé Binn Ní Briain 4835:Domnall mac Taidc 4681: 4680: 4512:Congal Cennmagair 4347: 4346: 4337:Succeeded by 4310:Succeeded by 4219:. B. T. Batsford. 4139:978-0-7524-2921-2 4119:(Subscription or 4075:cite encyclopedia 4057:978-0-609-80907-5 4040:Secondary sources 4006:McHugh, Roland. 3916:978-1-4725-6784-0 3494:dib.Cambridge.org 3373:978-1-85635-719-7 3325:978-0-7171-6207-9 3100:978-0-7893-2233-3 2964:978-1-4733-6133-1 2900:Cúán úa Lothcháin 2583: 2467:Cultural heritage 2463: 2462: 2459: 2458: 1850:, was married to 1605:Celtic Otherworld 1564:Pater Noster cord 1301:province of Meath 1211:Brian's advisor, 1190:Church in Ireland 1136:war of succession 1120:kingdom of Dublin 1091:northern Uí Néill 1016:Battle of Sulcoit 927:counter-offensive 889:Province of Meath 787:guerilla campaign 779:Battle of Sulcoit 623:King of Tuadmumu" 557:Family background 467:Kingdom of Dublin 359: 358: 128: 127: 120: 102: 6258: 6236:Murdered royalty 6196:Kings of Munster 6173: 6172: 6147:kings of Munster 6091:Kingdom of Dyfed 6059:Related articles 5979:Knappogue Castle 5974:Dromoland Castle 5969:Doonagore Castle 5426: 5425: 5417: 5416: 5399: 5392: 5385: 5376: 5375: 5362: 5361: 5315:Dromoland Castle 5284:Phaedrig O'Brien 5249:Lucius I O'Brien 5244:Edward I O'Brien 5161:Dermod I O'Brien 5113:Daniel I O'Brien 5082:Henry II O'Brien 5077:Barnabas O'Brien 4784:Clare's Dragoons 4779:O'Brien baronets 4749:Kings of Thomond 4739:Kings of Munster 4708: 4701: 4694: 4685: 4684: 4628:Domnall ua Néill 4618:Congalach Cnogba 4586:Kings of Ireland 4464:Domnall mac Áedo 4373: 4366: 4359: 4350: 4349: 4320:Preceded by 4293:Preceded by 4271: 4270: 4238: 4229: 4220: 4211: 4200: 4184: 4165: 4143: 4124: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4093: 4084: 4078: 4070: 4061: 4050:. 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Keenan 2620:(1777–1846) and 2585: 2584: 2565: 2528: 2525: 2514:Donal O'Neill's 2500:John Myers Myers 1999: 1998: 1990: 1989: 1972:Barons Inchiquin 1956:Princess consort 1953: 1942: 1926: 1913: 1905: 1603:ruling over the 1395:network analysis 1242: 1236: 1101:Ulster campaigns 1048:king of Connacht 959:County Fermanagh 905:strategic pincer 769:Ivar of Limerick 472:Annals of Ulster 386: 383: 234: 231: 166:1002 – 1014 142: 130: 129: 123: 116: 112: 109: 103: 101: 60: 36: 28: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6251:Irish Catholics 6241:O'Brien dynasty 6186: 6185: 6184: 6179: 6161: 6130: 6054: 5993: 5984:Leamaneh Castle 5954:Bunratty Castle 5944:Ballycar Castle 5927: 5902: 5878:Tadc mac Briain 5833:Íte of Killeedy 5792: 5760: 5707: 5671:Cineal Fearmaic 5666: 5572: 5421:Déisi Tuisceart 5408: 5403: 5373: 5368: 5350: 5319: 5310:County Limerick 5293: 5279:Donough O'Brien 5239:Donough O'Brien 5231: 5225: 5153: 5147: 5106:Ó Briain Chláir 5101: 5072:Henry I O'Brien 5045: 4943: 4937: 4905: 4899: 4860:Brian Ua Briain 4815:Tadc mac Briain 4793: 4774:Baron Inchiquin 4764:Earl of Thomond 4754:Kings of Dublin 4717: 4712: 4682: 4677: 4581: 4380: 4377: 4343: 4333: 4325: 4315: 4306: 4303:King of Munster 4298: 4283: 4276: 4266:Wayback Machine 4255: 4191: 4189:Further reading 4181: 4162: 4140: 4118: 4110: 4108: 4072: 4071: 4058: 4042: 4037: 4036: 4027: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4005: 4001: 3995:Wayback Machine 3985: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3946: 3942: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3901: 3897: 3858: 3854: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3799: 3797: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3664: 3662: 3655: 3639: 3635: 3621: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3592: 3588: 3578: 3576: 3569: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3522: 3517: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3464: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3401:Wayback Machine 3386: 3385: 3381: 3374: 3360: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3326: 3310: 3283: 3270: 3268: 3261: 3245: 3241: 3227: 3225: 3218: 3202: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3173: 3172: 3163: 3149: 3147: 3140: 3124: 3117: 3112: 3108: 3101: 3087:Doughty, Robert 3083: 3076: 3066: 3064: 3059:. p. 103. 3049: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2989: 2980: 2965: 2951: 2947: 2927: 2926: 2910: 2906: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2870: 2865: 2852: 2834: 2830: 2821: 2817: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2780: 2779: 2775: 2730: 2723: 2713: 2711: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2646: 2606: 2605: 2597: 2595: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2586: 2579: 2576: 2569: 2563: 2558: 2535:Of Gods and Men 2526: 2508:Lion of Ireland 2474: 2469: 2464: 2099:king of Thomond 1984: 1899:was originally 1885: 1883:Family heritage 1798: 1761:at face value. 1711: 1693: 1691:Historical view 1613:guardian spirit 1589:Irish mythology 1549: 1507:royal bloodline 1330: 1324: 1257: 1132:royal bloodline 1103: 1078: 1040: 861: 820:Shannon estuary 815: 741: 643: 635:King of Munster 625:. His brother, 603:Uí Briúin Seóla 583:rígdamna Caisil 559: 532:Orkneyinga Saga 441:O'Brien dynasty 429:king of Munster 413:Brian of Bóruma 384: 354:Catholic Church 310: 308: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 290: 288: 274: 270: 268: 252: 235: 232: 190:King of Munster 151: 124: 113: 107: 104: 61: 59: 49: 37: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6264: 6254: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6177: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6136: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6062: 6060: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5918: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5804: 5802: 5798: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5774: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5717: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5674: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5432: 5430: 5423: 5414: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5401: 5394: 5387: 5379: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5274:Lucius O'Brien 5271: 5269:Edward O'Brien 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5235: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5157: 5155: 5154:Inse Uí Chuinn 5149: 5148: 5146: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5118:Connor O'Brien 5115: 5109: 5107: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5062:Connor O'Brien 5059: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4947: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4909: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4769:Viscount Clare 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4711: 4710: 4703: 4696: 4688: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4552:Niall Frossach 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4480: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4408: 4403: 4394: 4388: 4386: 4382: 4381: 4376: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4353: 4345: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4326: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4308: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4289: 4288:Regnal titles 4285: 4284: 4277: 4274: 4269: 4268: 4254: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4230: 4221: 4212: 4203: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4180:978-0717162079 4179: 4166: 4160: 4144: 4138: 4125: 4085: 4062: 4056: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4012: 3999: 3979: 3967: 3958: 3949: 3940: 3931: 3922: 3915: 3895: 3852: 3834: 3819: 3807: 3781: 3755: 3729: 3699: 3690: 3681: 3672: 3653: 3633: 3615: 3600:. p. 15. 3586: 3567: 3547: 3538: 3520: 3511: 3480: 3471: 3462: 3413: 3404: 3379: 3372: 3351: 3324: 3281: 3259: 3239: 3216: 3196: 3179:libraryireland 3161: 3138: 3115: 3106: 3099: 3085:Grant, R. G.; 3074: 3043: 3026:wesleyjohnston 3013: 3001: 2992: 2978: 2963: 2945: 2904: 2891: 2882: 2868: 2850: 2828: 2815: 2801: 2787: 2773: 2721: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2645: 2642: 2626:Julian Edwards 2614:Brian Boroihme 2596: 2587: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2478:Finnegans Wake 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2234: 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near modern 642: 639: 593:, daughter of 558: 555: 357: 356: 351: 347: 346: 341: 337: 336: 331: 327: 326: 321: 315: 314: 283: 277: 276: 265: 261: 260: 249: 245: 244: 227: 223: 222: 219: 218: 215: 211: 210: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 186: 185: 182: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 153: 152: 143: 135: 134: 126: 125: 40: 38: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6263: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6176: 6168: 6167: 6164: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135:Related lists 6133: 6127: 6126:Munster Irish 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6005:Belach Lechta 6003: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 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