616:
190:
259:
3502:(called "County Farms") as an entry route into agriculture, but this provision is shrinking. Between 1984 and 2006, the amount of land available as County Farms shrank from 137,664 hectares (340,180 acres) to 96,206 hectares (237,730 acres), a reduction of 30%. The number of tenants on these smallholdings shrank by 58% in the same period to about 2,900. County Farms yielded an operational surplus of £10.6 million to local authorities in the financial year 2008–9. Some local authorities dispose of County Farms to obtain capital receipts. Somerset County Council proposes to sell 35 of its 62 County Farms. As of March 2009, 39% of County Farms were of 50 acres (20 ha) or smaller, 31% of 50 acres (20 ha) to 100 acres (40 ha) and 30% of 100 acres (40 ha) or more.
198:
3399:
which was commissioned by DEFRA and carried out by Exeter
University in conjunction with the University of Plymouth, found that 65% of full-time farming businesses had diversified, but in the June census of the preceding year (2003), the estimate was 19% of full-time farming businesses. The large discrepancy is probably because the census data excluded the letting or subletting of buildings. The most common kinds of diversification are probably letting of barns as warehouses and storage, letting of former farm labourers' cottages (whether as holiday cottages or on longer leases) and farm shops. The number of farm shops in the UK increased by more than 50% between 1999 and 2003.
574:, which prevented contracting out on terms less favourable than a normal tenancy. Subsequent Agricultural Holdings Acts in 1900 and 1906 further refined the dispute resolution procedure; required landlords to compensate tenants for their damaged crops if the damage was caused by game that the landlord did not allow tenants to kill; allowed tenants to choose for themselves what crops to grow, except in the last year of the tenancy; and prevented penal rents being charged except in special circumstances. The legislation was consolidated in another Act of 1908. Further Agricultural Holdings Acts came into force in 1914, two in 1920, and a further consolidating Act in 1923.
3285:
1049:. The English regions have individual maps for: London and the South East; the Eastern Region; the East Midlands; the West Midlands; Yorkshire and Humber; the North East; the North West; the South West. Revised criteria for land grading dated 1988 are provided at the same site, together with climatological data used for the purpose of mapping, and soil sample data with a glossary. The Welsh government, in applying the same grading system, offers predictive map guidance online so that it is easier to decide whether an individual land survey is required to establish the grading of the land. For Wales, the Land Quality Advice Service is the responsible agency.
1462:
978:
2897:
306:
3360:
1306:
555:
1418:
3525:
2725:
109:
593:
3516:
hectares were let as smallholdings. It was estimated that this represents a 0.4% decline in area over a year. Arable farming was the predominant type of farming (27.6%). 1,978 smallholdings were let as at 31 March 2021 at an average rent per hectare of £310. There were 1,416 tenants of whom 69% had Farm
Business Tenancies without security of tenure, and 20% had lifetime tenancies held under the Agricultural Holdings Act 1986 with security of tenure. As at 31 March 2021 the total rent roll for smallholdings reported was approximately £20 million.
255:, which was largely complete by 1540. The monasteries had been among the principal landowners in the Kingdom and the Crown took over their land, amounting to about 2,000,000 acres (810,000 ha). This land was largely sold off to fund Henry's military ambitions in France and Scotland, and the main buyers were the aristocracy and landed gentry. Agriculture boomed as grain prices increased sixfold by 1650. Improvements in transport, particularly along rivers and coasts, brought beef and dairy products from the north of England to London.
3606:
the Chief
Executive Johnson McNeil was removed. In the midst of the crisis, staff of the Newcastle office of the RPA were reported by the local Evening Chronicle for being captured on CCTV leaping naked between the office filing cabinets. On 12 June 2006, apparently to celebrate their infamy, team members and managers held a drink-and-sex-fuelled party, news of which was reported the following day in considerable detail, alongside a series of apparently leaked office emails in which farmers were referred to in unflattering terms. The
640:
the pressure off other food supplies. But with so much of the agricultural labour force fighting, pressure on food supplies worldwide increased throughout the war. The government estimated that in 1945 world meat consumption would exceed supply by 1.8 million tons and that only wheat would be "available in abundance". The Prime
Minister suggested that if necessary, food supplies could take priority over supplies for the military, and considered the possibility of famine in the occupied territories after the war.
521:, a suburb of Glasgow, was the first estate to be completed in 1922 under that Act. By 1926 agricultural law had become openly redistributive in favour of ex-servicemen. County Councils had compulsory purchase powers to requisition land they could let as smallholdings. Ex-servicemen were the preferred tenants. The tenant could then buy the land and could ask the Council to lend them money to fund the purchase as a mortgage. The Council could not refuse without the Minister of Agriculture's permission.
746:
Winter crops tend to be planted around mid-September, and spring crops as soon as the soil is ready. Each year the country produces about 6.5 million tonnes of barley, of which 1.5 million are exported, 2 million used in brewing and distilling activities and the remainder fed to livestock. The country also produces 14 to 15 million tons of wheat each year, of which farmers kept 3.9 million tonnes as stock in
February 2012. In 2008, 750,000 tonnes of oats were produced, in 2011–2012 613,000.
1399:. This promotes disease resistance and helps to build starches and sugars. Plants tend to absorb potash during early stages of growth, and potash may reduce problems caused by applying nitrogen. Potash also increases the weight of an individual cereal grain. Traditional potash sources included applying ash to the land and ploughing in crop residues after the harvest. Artificial potash fertilisers were not used until deposits of potash salts were discovered in Germany in 1861.
2619:
33:
11514:
9788:
154:
the figure is 84%. "Less
Favoured Area" means land that produces a lower agricultural yield, typically upland moors and hill farms, which explains the tendency to focus on sheep and sometimes dairy farming. In England, the eastern and southern areas where the fields are flatter, larger and more open tend to concentrate on cereal crops, while the hillier northern and western areas with smaller, more enclosed fields tend to concentrate on livestock farming.
1566:
2950:
658:
assured that his land would not be taken away and whatever he grew would be sold at a known price. The
Agricultural Holdings Act 1948 remained the governing code in England and Wales until its replacement in 1986, which consolidated intervening amending statutes. These Acts made it hard to evict tenant farmers. With the new security tenants enjoyed, a system of rent reviews was necessary to take account of land price inflation.
2970:
does not necessarily indicate a high level of animal welfare. Generally there is a tension between the minimum acceptable level of animal welfare for the consumer, the price of the product, and an acceptable margin for the farmer. This tension is resolved by food labelling that enables the consumer to select the price they are prepared to pay for a given level of animal welfare. So for example, many consumers prefer to buy
2644:(BSE). The BSE crisis led to regulations preventing animals more than 30 months old from entering the food chain, which meant cull cows could no longer be sold for beef. Just under 6 million cattle over this age were destroyed. A Calf Purchase Aid Scheme, under which a further nearly 2 million calves were slaughtered, ended in 1999. In 2002, the UK produced 72% of the beef it ate. Important beef cattle breeds include the
4972:
2825:
move livestock. There are also minimum "standstill" periods once livestock has been moved, so for example, a farmer buying new cattle and moving them onto his farm must then wait six days before taking other cattle to market. Most livestock must be identified. Each individual cow must have a "passport" issued by the
British Cattle Movement Service. Other farm animals such as sheep, goats or pigs must have a
3351:. Unfortunately biofuels are quite bulky for their energy yield, which means processing into fuel needs to happen near where the crop is grown; otherwise, most or all of the benefit of biofuels can be lost in transporting the biofuel to the processing area. Such local processing units are not generally available in the UK, and further expansion of this market will depend on politics and industrial finance.
11524:
1361:(NVZ) aim to protect ground and surface water from contamination with nitrates and manure. Around 68% of English farmland, 14% of Scottish farmland and all of Welsh farmland is within a NVZ. The NVZ rules control at what time of year farmers may apply nitrogen or manure to the land and oblige them to keep strict records of nitrogen-containing substances used. They also regulate slurry and manure storage.
431:, i.e. the sum payable to an outgoing tenant for farm improvements that the tenant had funded and, if crops were in the ground when the tenant left, compensation for their value. This was dealt with in accordance with local custom, which might vary from place to place. In 1848 a parliamentary committee examined the possibility of a standardised system, but a Bill on the matter was not passed until 1875.
1606:. Hormone-based weedkillers are used to kill weeds more selectively. Although most weeds are vulnerable to at least one of these substances, eradicating all the weeds from a particular area will usually need several different weedkillers. The use of pesticides has declined, and British farmers now use about a third less pesticides than they did in 1983. The crop needing most pesticides is wheat.
1542:
plants look yellow and affect growth and marketability of the crop. They are most commonly treated with fungicides, and may be called mildews, rusts, blotches, scabs, wilts, rots or blights. European Union regulations on pesticides are changing, and several important pesticides currently in use will no longer be available. This has potentially quite serious implications for
British agriculture.
3265:, which consolidated and built on a century-long trend of increasing protection for tenants, became so onerous towards landlords that they were reluctant to let land at all. It became so hard to obtain a tenancy that the farming industry supported reform enabling termination of tenancies in accordance with the terms of the letting rather than with security of tenure under the 1986 Act. Thus the
478:
technology brought cheap frozen meat from
Australia, New Zealand and South America to the British market. British farm products declined significantly as a percentage of GDP during the period 1860–1914. In 1860 agriculture represented 20% of GDP. By 1913 it had fallen to 7%. The period 1850–1914 has been described as "completing the shift to a fundamentally urban and industrial society".
2771:
outdoors. In many countries sows are kept tethered in individual stalls, but this system was banned in the UK in 1999 on animal welfare grounds. Indoor sows are housed in groups. Each sow produces an average of 24 piglets a year and will be pregnant or lactating for 340 days a year. This intensive production wears the sows out, and about 40% of them need to be replaced each year.
4988:
4969:
1384:, which stimulates root development in young plants. It also increases yields and speeds up plant growth. Phosphates are not easily lost from soil, but mostly occur in stable forms that are not liberated quickly enough by natural processes, so fertilisation is necessary. Traditionally, phosphate-bearing materials added to soil include bonemeal, powdered slag, and seaweed.
2935:. It is alleged that the badgers are infecting the cows. A scientific report for the government recommended a selective cull of badgers, which immediately met with opposition from other scientists. The government is currently consulting on this issue. As of 16 September 2011, a total of 27 online petitions had attracted 65,000 signatures opposing the plan.
2995:, which was the first agricultural college in the English-speaking world, opened as the Royal Agricultural College in 1845. It was granted its royal charter shortly after its founding. By the latter half of the nineteenth century, as farming grew more complex and methodical and as productivity increased, there was a dawning recognition that farmers needed
947:(69%) and methane (48%) emissions. It contributes 1.7% to UK CO2 emissions. Levels have been steady since the early 2000s when a 16% drop was achieved from the 1990s. A study of farmer awareness of mitigation measures indicates that barriers to mitigation practices include lack of information, the belief change is not necessary and financial barriers.
1470:
varies between 5–6 inches in some limestone regions to up to 18 inches in deep stoneless silt land. Most British ploughs are designed to turn a furrow of up to about a foot deep, which is relatively shallow compared to some other countries, where furrows of up to 16 inches are common. Other machines used to prepare land include
889:(EFRA) of the Westminster Parliament's House of Commons is tasked to oversee and enquire into the policy, administration and spending of DEFRA. It conducts its own inquiries usually leading to published Reports. EFRA may also inquire into matters that do not lead to formal reports, and it is empowered to conduct interviews and take evidence.
365:
when demanded, even when in practice the rights were not widely in use. Similarly each large landholding would consist of scattered patches, not consolidated farms. In many cases enclosures were largely an exchange and consolidation of land, and exchange not otherwise possible under the legal system. Enclosure under the scheme of the
374:
Strict enforcement of legal rights may not always have been seen in practice. Parliamentary inclosure was seen as a cost-effective method of creating a legally binding settlement. This is because of the costs (time, money, complexity) of using the common law and equity legal systems. Statute required consent of the owners of
3461:(314,000 hectares). Only 3.1% of UK cattle were raised organically. Cereal growing represented 9.7% of organic land use (49,000 hectares). There has been a 31.6% decrease in organic land use since peaking in 2008. However, the Soil Association is optimistic that an increased organic area is to be anticipated.
3588:
went on camera feeding his four year old daughter a beef burger as part of his attempt to reassure the public that eating beef was safe. Consequently described by the BBC as "probably the most derided politician to emerge out of the BSE scandal," Gummer had been responsible for delaying a ban on beef
3533:
Local authority smallholdings in Wales are the subject of annual public reports made by the Welsh Ministers. The Report for 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022 Just under 1% of total 1.9 M hectares Welsh farm land was held as smallholdings. At 31 March 2022 there were 884 tenants holding 969 tenancies. 62%
3460:
published 25 May 2023, state that 509,000 hectares are farmed organically in the UK by 5,500 operators. The figures include land under conversion to organic status. The total organic land is approximately 3% of total farmed land. The largest component was 61.8% of UK organic land in permanent pasture
3434:
says that organic food offers no additional nutritional benefits over the non-organic kind, though the Soil Association disputes this. However, there are definite benefits in terms of on-farm conservation and wildlife. In the UK as in most of northern Europe, organic crop yields can be 40%–50% lower
3269:
led to the creation of Farm Business Tenancies under its terms. Since then most new tenancies in England and Wales are Farm Business Tenancies under the 1995 Act. 1986 Act tenancies continue in force and may be followed by up to two generations of family tenant. In 2011 the most common route of entry
2770:
The UK pig herd is declining, and there are now some individual pig farms in the US that have more sows than there are in the UK as a whole. Pigs often used to be kept indoors throughout their lives, but welfare concerns and increased costs have led to more outdoor units, and by 2002 30% of sows were
2734:
Pig farming is concentrated in Yorkshire and East Anglia. About 4,600 farms produce pigs, and the UK is 90% self-sufficient in pork, but only about 40% self-sufficient in bacon and ham, which reflects a traditional British preference for these cuts. Nowadays many pig farms in the UK breed intensively
1517:
and crop health. For example, some vigorous crops such as kale or arable silage will, when liberally fertilised, tend to outgrow and smother weeds. Many pests and diseases are crop-specific and the more often a particular crop is taken, the greater the buildup of pests and diseases that attack it.
1512:
Since the Second World War, scientific and technical progress and the removal of tenancy-based restrictions on choice of crop have given British arable farmers a great deal more freedom to plan cropping sequences. Strict crop rotation is no longer technically necessary or even financially desirable.
867:
DEFRA as at 2023 operates in England. Scotland's agriculture is controlled by the Scottish Government and its Agriculture and Rural Economy Directorate. The Welsh government also controls agriculture as a devolved matter under the aegis of the Minister for Rural Affairs. Northern Irish agriculture is
804:
From 2002 to 2003, of the cereals grown, 31% of barley, 36% of oats and 34% of wheat were used for human consumption. Consumption of oats by the human population compared with livestock was proportionally higher in the UK than in European countries, 455,000 tonnes as forecast by farm officials during
764:
In 2011, earnings were £30,900 per full-time person, which represented an increase of 24% from 2010 values in real terms. This was the best performance in UK agriculture since the 1990s. Agriculture employed 476,000 people, representing 1.5% of the workforce, down more than 32% since 1996. In terms
512:
was limited to the end of 1917 and 1918, a change of mood arose about food security. The Ministry of Food was created in 1916. There was an opinion that a man who had fought for his country should be entitled to retire to a smallholding on British land that would provide him with a livelihood. This
499:
The biggest challenge faced by agriculture was the unavailability of manpower due to the large numbers of men who joined the armed forces in the early years of the War. By the end of 1916, 4 million men had become participant in the armed forces, and agriculture was given no special treatment. It was
364:
At the time of the parliamentary enclosures, most manors had seen consolidation of tenant farms into multiple large landholdings. Multiple larger landholders already held the bulk of the land. They 'held' but did not legally own in today's sense. They also had to respect the open field system rights,
153:
While there is little difference between farming practices in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland in places where the terrain is similar, the geography and the quality of the farmland does have an impact. In Wales, 80% of the farmland is designated as a "Less Favoured Area", and in Scotland
119:
The total area of agricultural holdings is about 41.6 million acres (16.8 million hectares), of which about a third are arable and most of the rest is grassland. In 2022 only 4.4 million hectares (10.9 millon acres) were planted. The remainder lay fallow or as temporary grassland. During the growing
3447:
An Organic Aid Scheme came into effect in 1994, providing grants to fund farmers wishing to convert to organic farming. By the end of 1997 about 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) had been converted under the scheme, at a cost of £750,000. In 2000 it increased to 525,000 hectares (1,300,000 acres), and
3322:
expressed concern about the effects of the biofuels initiative and identified the conversion of agricultural land to biofuels production as a factor in rising food prices. The current recommended option is that farmers should use marginal or waste land to produce biofuels and maintain production of
3123:
farmers and, as the "Lincolnshire Farmers Union", held its first meeting in 1904. By 1908 they were called the National Farmers Union and were meeting in London. During the Second World War, the NFU worked closely with the Ministry of Agriculture to ensure food security. Rationing continued after
2061:
A pest is an animal that eats or spoils food meant for humans. Pests damage crops by removing leaf area, severing roots, or simply gross damage. In the UK, they are invertebrates (chiefly nematodes, slugs and insects or insect larvae), mammals (particularly rabbits) and birds (mainly members of the
1324:
contains about half the nitrogen and most of the potash that an animal voids. Dung contains the other half of the nitrogen and most of the phosphoric acid and lime. With dung, much of the nitrogen is lost in storage or locked up in slowly released forms, so greater quantities are necessary compared
989:
Land classification maps were issued first in the 1960s, intended as a tool for the better siting of planned new towns. They were provisional in contents but in fact were not updated. Areas of under 80 hectares were stated not to be identifiable from these maps, which were reissued in the 1980s at a
639:
Famously, the Government responded to a temporary wartime oversupply of carrots by suggesting that the RAF's exceptional night-flying was due to eating carotene. The ruse worked: consumption of carrots increased sharply because people thought carrots might help them see in the blackout, thus taking
185:
epoch. It took 2,000 years for the practice to extend across all of the isles. Wheat and barley were grown in small plots near the family home. Sheep, goats and cattle came in from mainland Europe, and pigs were domesticated from wild boar already living in forests. There is evidence of agricultural
3515:
The Secretary of State for DEFRA is required to present to Parliament statistics for the English local authorities' smallholdings estates. Incomplete but statistically significant data were presented for the fiscal year ended 31 March 2021. This report indicates that of 67,699 hectares held, 65,932
3398:
There are many ways of diversifying. Farmland may, for example, be converted to equestrian facilities, amenity parkland, country clubs, hotels, golf courses, camping and caravan sites. Farmers open shops, restaurants and even pubs to sell their products. The Farm Diversification Benchmarking Study,
2969:
Animal welfare as an issue is increasingly important to the European Union. Although welfare-conscious husbandry can have economic benefits to the farmer, because a happy animal puts on weight more rapidly and will reproduce more easily, the mere fact that an animal is gaining weight or reproducing
2824:
Farmers wanting to move their livestock outside their own farms must obey the Disease Control (England) Order 2003, the Disease Control (Wales) Order 2003 or the Disease Control (Interim Measures) (Scotland) Order 2002, as applicable. This means a farmer needs a licence from the Local Authority to
2575:
The Secretary of State for DEFRA can, under section 98 of the Agriculture Act 1947, intervene to compel or assist with pest control by destruction of animals, birds and eggs specified in a notice. Such animal pests are defined as "rabbits, hares and other rodents, deer, foxes and moles". Birds are
1436:
Seeds may be sown in spring, summer or autumn. Spring-sown crops are vulnerable to drought in May or June. Autumn sowing is usually restricted to frost-hardy types of bean, vetch, or cereal such as winter wheat. Traditional sowing techniques include broadcasting, dibbling, drilling, and ploughing
1296:
Nitrogen stimulates plant growth, but over-application softens the plant tissues, making them more vulnerable to pests and disease, and less resistant to frost. Nitrogen may be added by using slurry, by nitrogen-fixing crops or by artificial fertilisers. The negative side-effects of adding nitrogen
1262:
If organic matter poor in nitrogen but rich in carbohydrate is added to soil, nitrogen is assimilated and fixed. Fertility increases while land is under grass, which helps to accumulate organic matter in the soil. These factors mean that soil is traditionally improved by means of liming, draining,
1057:
Scotland uses its own classification system for Land Capability for Agriculture (LCA). It has seven Classes which subdivide. The Prime Quality Land is in Classes 1–3.1 inclusive, corresponding to the superior grades 1–3a in the English/Welsh system. Downloadable data and maps are available from the
960:
The Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA), as of 2022, was 41.619 million acres (16.843 million hectares), approximately 69% of the land area of the UK. This amount was down 2.2% from 2021. The UAA encompasses land used for agricultural purposes, including all arable and horticultural crops, uncropped
850:
The Board of Agriculture was established by Act of Parliament in 1889. In 1911 the Board of Agriculture for Scotland was created under the Secretary of State for Scotland. In respect of England and Wales, in 1919 the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries was replaced by the Ministry of Agriculture and
657:
broadly revamped agricultural law. It was a reaction to the privations of the Second World War, and was aimed at food security, so as to reduce the risk of a hostile foreign power being able to starve the UK into submission. The Act guaranteed prices, markets and tenure, so that a farmer could be
550:
rewrote the law on tenant right such that tenants received consistent levels of compensation for the value of their improvements to the holding and any crops in the ground. It also gave tenants the right to remove fixtures they had provided, increased the period of a Notice to Quit from six months
529:
Government control of agriculture during the First World War was removed in 1921 by the repeal of the Agriculture Act 1920. This has been described as "the great betrayal" but has also been found to be welcomed by a section of the farming community that preferred to trade in the market and resented
449:
In the period 1815 to 1846 Corn Laws were enacted designed to protect domestic agriculture by imposing a tax on foreign imported grain. Their repeal was ultimately secured after major political lobbying by the Anti-Corn Law League. The issue was divisive because of the increased urbanisation of the
349:
Open fields divided among several tenants originally had the advantage of reducing risks by giving all farmers diverse soils and crops so no one faced famine when others prospered. But the system was inefficient. Poor farmers got as much land as good farmers. By the 18th century enclosures came in
124:
and 5.2 million pigs. These are arranged on about 191,000 holdings, whose average croppable area is around 69 hectares (170 acres). About 70% of farms are owner-occupied or mostly so (perhaps with individual barns or fields let out), and the remainder are rented to tenant farmers. Farmers represent
3605:
had underestimated their task and had seriously underestimated the cost of their intended new computer system. By January 2005, thousands of farmers were unpaid: they exchanged via the NFU forthright views with the Rural Affairs Minister, Lord Bach. By March 2006, money still had not been paid, so
3382:
When EU subsidy regime changes in 2013, farmers will receive a greater proportion of their payments from "management of natural resources and climate action". This forms one of the three "principal objectives" of the reformed Common Agricultural Policy which is under consultation until March 2012.
3257:
The only option for someone who lacks capital for land purchase but wants to farm is to rent land on a tenancy. In the 1930s land with vacant possession cost an average of £60 per hectare. In 1996 it cost £8,795 per hectare. In the same period retail prices rose by a factor of 35, but agricultural
3090:(CLA), formerly known as the Country Landowners' Association, represents a 28,000 membership base of people or organisations owning land in England and Wales. Its purpose is to provide membership services and information, as well as lobbying to secure desired policy outcomes for landowner members.
2791:
as well, but there are only about 300 venison-producing farms. As noted above, there are about 26,500 farms with chickens. However, more than half the UK's eggs come from fewer than 400 flocks, mostly with more than 50,000 birds each. Other livestock and poultry farmed on a smaller scale include
426:
The period 1750–1850 included a twenty-year depression in agriculture 1815 to 1836. It was so severe that landlords as well as tenants suffered financial ruin, and large areas of farmland were entirely abandoned. The ancient landlord and tenant system was unsuited to new-style, capital-intensive
226:
began to break down as labourers, who were in short supply following the plague, demanded wages (instead of subsistence) and better conditions. Also, there were a series of poor harvests after about 1315, coinciding with some evidence (from tree rings) of poor weather across the whole of northern
131:
British farming is on the whole intensive and highly mechanised. This approach is well-suited to the current distribution infrastructure, but can be less productive by area than smaller scale, diversified farming. The UK produces only 60% of the food it consumes. The vast majority of imports and
3571:
scandal forced junior health minister Edwina Currie out of office two weeks after she declared that most of British egg production was affected by salmonella. The public believed her, and 4 million hens and 40 million eggs were destroyed in consequence. Years later a respectable newspaper alleged
3378:
and local equivalents were run by the Countryside Commission and the Countryside Council for Wales from 1991 until 1996, when they came under ministry control. Nowadays schemes to encourage farmers to think about wildlife conservation and to farm in an environmentally friendly way abound, though
2774:
A major byproduct of pig production is slurry. One sow and her piglets can produce ten tonnes of slurry a year. Because regulations limit how much slurry can be loaded onto a given area of land, this means that each sow with her progeny will manure at least 0.8 hectares. This is a problem
1541:
Most diseases of crop plants result from fungus spores that may live in the soil and enter through roots, be airborne and enter the plant through damaged areas or landing on leaf surfaces, or are spread by pests. These spores tend to affect photosynthesis and reduce chlorophyll. They often make
1432:
Arable farming is the production of crops. Crop growth is affected by light, soil, nutrients, water, air, and climate. Crops commonly grown in the United Kingdom include cereals, chiefly wheat, oats and barley; root vegetables, chiefly potatoes and sugar beet; pulse crops such as beans or peas;
1340:
plants such as peas, beans or lucerne live in a symbiotic relationship with certain bacteria that produce nodules on their roots. The bacteria extract nitrogen from the air and convert it to nitrogenating compounds that benefit the legume. When the legume dies or is harvested, its rotting roots
1254:
Owing to high rainfall in the UK, less well drained areas may become waterlogged. Wet land is more difficult to work and crops grow less well. Field drains were traditionally open ditches, but covered pipes have been used in more modern times. Earthworms are important for creating small drainage
317:
Between 1750 and 1850, the English population nearly tripled, with an estimated increase from 5.7 million to 16.6 million, and all these people had to be fed from the domestic food supply. This was achieved through intensified agriculture and land reclamation from the Fens, woodlands, and upland
3077:
The Central Association of Agricultural Valuers was founded in 1910 from a number of local associations. Its current membership is approximately 3,000 who are qualified by the CAAV and are rural agricultural professionals. The organisation operates throughout the UK and does so via its committee
2601:
Pastoral farming is the breeding of livestock for meat, wool, eggs and milk, and historically (in the UK) for labour. Livestock products are the main element of the UK's agricultural output. The most common meat animals in the United Kingdom are cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry. Overwhelmingly,
1469:
Ploughing is not always regarded as essential nowadays, but the plough can improve soil by inverting it to improve soil aeration and drainage, release nutrients through weathering, and expose harmful pests to predators. It is also an effective method of weed control. Ploughing depth in Britain
1075:
The planning system requires permission for many kinds of development. Superior grades of agricultural land, meaning grades 1-3a inclusive, are less likely to be permitted to be developed and so fall out of agricultural use. These superior grades of land are the subject of a separate set of maps
745:
In 2009, 3,133,000 hectares (7,740,000 acres) of cereal crops were sown in the UK. There were 581,000 hectares (1,440,000 acres) of oil seed rape, 233,000 hectares (580,000 acres) of peas and beans, 149,000 hectares (370,000 acres) of potatoes, and 116,000 hectares (290,000 acres) of sugar beet.
611:
Farm output in terms of grains rose somewhat during the three years from 1938/1939. Wheat and barley figures increased by two thirds and potatoes doubled. Livestock production was static or fell. Cattle were static and sheep numbers dropped. Large increases in farm income were effected by direct
373:
Enclosure following private or local act of Parliament could also involve the extinguishment of common rights. Without unanimous extinguishment, the entire system survived at common law. With land one held, one could not formally exchange the land, consolidate fields, or entirely exclude others.
3402:
There is grant funding available for diversification schemes, as well as other initiatives to improve competitiveness in the farming sector, through the Rural Development Programme for England. The scheme runs until 2013, is managed through Defra and has been delivered to date through Regional
3180:
The Scottish Tenant Farmers' Association, which operates in Scotland, was founded in 2001. It was originally known as the Tenant Farmers' Action Group. Its members are tenants of farms in Scotland and its purpose is to inform membership and promote its interests including by legislative change.
2715:
Nowadays many ewes are housed indoors for lambing, which costs more but facilitates earlier lambing with lower mortality and replacement rates. It also rests and protects the grassland, leading to better early growth and higher stocking rates. Sheep are also important in helping to manage the
2659:
Cows require significant areas of grassland to raise. Dairy cows need 0.4 to 0.5 hectares per cow, including the area needed for winter silage; suckler beef cows can need up to a whole hectare each. The UK produces very little veal. UK animal welfare law requires that animals are kept in
391:
The primary benefits to large land holders came from increased value of their own land, not from expropriation. Smaller holders could sell their land to larger ones for a higher price post enclosure. There was not much evidence that the common rights were particularly valuable. Protests against
369:
permitted the fencing and regulation of arable land in accordance with the wishes of three quarters of the owners in number and value of the land in question. Regulations and allotments made were valid for six years. The lord of the manor and three quarters of the commoners acting together were
3542:
Smallholdings in Scotland, can be either owner-occupied or tenanted holdings. A Scottish smallholding is averagely 20 hectares in extent. There are approximately 20,000 smallholders. 75 are tenants of the Scottish Government under the Small Landholdings Acts 1886–1931. The remainder are mostly
3068:
The Agricultural Law Association (ALA) is a non-political organisation of legal and other experts in agricultural law which offers advice in response to government consultations. Members may be qualified lawyers, surveyors or otherwise professionally qualified. Members may also be qualified as
2605:
Most British farm animals are bred for a particular purpose, so for example, there is a sharp division between cattle bred for the beef trade—early-maturing cattle are best to increase yield, and those that store fat marbled within the muscle rather than as layers outside are preferred for the
392:
parliamentary inclosure continued, sometimes in Parliament itself, frequently in the villages affected, and sometimes as organised mass revolts. Voluntary enclosure was frequent at that time. Enclosed land was twice as valuable, a price which could be sustained only by its higher productivity.
2711:
The number of sheep farmed in the UK peaked in 1998 at 20.3 million, as a result of the Sheepmeat Regime, a relatively generous EU support initiative first begun in 1980. Numbers declined following the 2001 outbreak of foot and mouth, and the UK temporarily lost its place as Europe's largest
1066:
There are no Agricultural Land Classification maps, but the system reflects the same grading and criteria as for England and Wales. Grade 3 is designated into 3A and 3B (capitalisation deliberate). There are published soil maps. The Agri-Food and Business Sciences Institute (AFBI) has created
490:
is a plough with a wider share, which cuts a wider shallower furrow, after which the slice of soil is inverted by a short concave mould-board with a sharp turn. This has the effect of breaking up and pulverising the soil, leaving no visible furrow and facilitating the use of a seed drill for
477:
was exporting a substantial excess of cereals. The area planted with wheat in the United Kingdom dropped from 3,514,033 acres (1,422,079 ha) in 1875 to 1,836,598 acres (743,245 ha) in 1905. At the same time, Britain suffered a series of poor harvests. By 1891 reliable refrigeration
5182:
MAFF was dissolved on 27 March 2002 on the coming into force of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Dissolution) Order 2002 (SI 2002/794). Article 2 of that Order transferred the functions of MAFF to the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in charge of the
3610:
followed both the payments and the sex scandal narratives. The new Chief Executive (the third inside a year) Tony Cooper hastened to investigate. In early August there were 4 sackings and 5 disciplinary warnings, and an admission that there had been "incidents of misbehaviour that are simply
1117:
increases soil acidity, but even normal rain may be slightly acid. In freely-drained areas, soil base material (including dissolved nitrites) may be washed away, leaving higher concentrations of organic acids in the ground. Wet soil results where rainfall exceeds the rate of evaporation.
687:
On government instructions, the Northfield Committee began to review the country's agricultural system in 1977. It did not report until July 1979. The report influenced ongoing discussions between the NFU and the Country Landowners Association (CLA), who were trying to reach an agreement on
577:
The legislative focus on tenant's improvements is against a background where it was the assumed practice for the tenant to provide seed, implements, livestock, machinery and fertilisers. By 1914 a large mixed arable/livestock farm would be typically providing £10 per acre of his own capital.
1328:
Slurry lagoons that are open are polluting infrastructure. New grants as of 2022 will pay towards conversion of stores to closed stores with minimum 6 months storage. Acidification treatment or covers will be required under the scheme. Many existing stores are concrete or steel structures.
2628:
There are about 17,000 dairy farms in the UK, largely in the west. Average herd size is 86 cows in England, 75 in Wales and 102 in Scotland. Most cows are milked twice a day, and an average dairy cow yields 6,300 litres a year. The most important dairy cattle breed is the ubiquitous
3144:
The farming and horticultural business base of the NFU as at 2023 stood at over 46,000 business members. The organisation is concerned with promoting the interests of its members by lobbying and campaigning, the provision of information and making available other services to members.
831:
affecting honeybees. Honeybees pollinated 80% of plants worldwide. In 2007, up to 80% of the bee colonies in some areas were wiped out. Honeybees pollinated crops worth about £200 million a year, and their total contribution to the economy might have been as high as £1 billion.
361:. Enclosure consisted of exchange in land, and an extinguishing of common rights. This allowed farmers to consolidate and fence off their own large plots of land, in contrast to multiple small strips spread out and separated. Voluntary enclosure was also frequent at that time.
450:
UK and its need for cheap food, as well as the general influence of free trade doctrines. The repeal of the Corn Laws initially steadied grain prices. Experts differ over whether by 1846 the Corn Laws were still relevant, because of low prices and/or self-sufficiency in grain.
2576:
defined for these purposes as wild birds other than those included in the First Schedule to the Protection of Birds Act 1954. The Secretary of State may assist in the process of pest extermination by providing equipment or services and recoup the reasonable cost of doing so.
3220:
for food and farming workers, with Unite's Food, Drink, and Agricultural sector representing over 100,000 members. It was formed in mid 2015 from a merger of Unite's food, drink and tobacco sector, with Unite's rural and agricultural sector. The sector inherited its paper,
350:
poorer regions where several landholders were more willing to sell land. After 1760, though, parliamentary legislation permitted the enclosure of wealthier lands that had more complex structures of ownership. The result was an added £4 million to England's national income.
326:
ways of organising labour, meant that increased crop production did not need much more manpower, which freed labour for non-agricultural work. Indeed, by 1850 Britain had the smallest proportion of its population engaged in farming of any country in the world, at 22%.
761:, bedding, property, power and machinery costs all underwent double-digit rises in percentage terms, meaning that the losses in the year to April 2010 increased over 2009 losses by over £30/animal. However, wheat exports were much stronger than the previous year.
1325:
to artificial fertilisers. Manure is most effective when ploughed into the fields while it is still fresh, but this is not practical while crops are growing. In practice, most manure is stored and then applied in winter, or else added in ridges for root crops.
1258:
Lime counteracts soil acidity. With fine particulate soils such as clays, lime also encourages the formation of a better soil structure that will aerate and help with drainage. Its benefits have been known, if not scientifically understood, since Roman times.
291:(wheat, turnips, barley and clover) which allowed fertility to be maintained with much less fallow land. Clover increases mineral nitrogen in the soil and clover and turnips are good fodder crops for livestock, which in turn improve the soil by their manure.
2660:
daylight in groups with bedding and access to hay, silage or straw. This produces "pink" veal where the calves grow more slowly. It was initially less desirable to some continental customers than the "white" veal produced in harsher conditions for the calf.
1357:. In several places in Britain, particularly in the Midlands and the South East, nitrate concentrations occasionally exceed this level and the government has brought in regulations to control nitrate levels in the water. The regulations governing designated
906:
The supervising bodies of the Scottish Parliament include the Rural Economy and Connectivity Committee with oversight of agriculture and forestry, and the Rural Affairs and Islands Committee responsible for land use, food, animal welfare and fisheries.
3639:, a body with key functions and considerable power in relation to crofting, was declared in the 2020/2021 audit to have resulted in that body "falling below the standards expected of a public body in Scotland." The Crofting Commission were required by
688:
legislation that could be presented as having industry-wide support. In 1984, in accordance with the agreement they did reach, succession was extended to the retirement of the tenant, but no new tenancies from 1984 were to include succession rights.
1505:, so called because they both harvest and thresh the crop, are common. Other machines used include mowers, reapers, binders, harvesters, pea cutters and flax pullers. Once reaped, some crops are brought directly to market. Others need to be
2716:
landscape. Their trampling hinders bracken spread and prevents heather moor from reverting to scrub woodland. Wool production is no longer economically important in the UK, and nowadays, sheared fleeces are often treated as a waste product.
3448:
between 1996 and 2000, the number of organic farms increased from 865 to 3500. The global market for organic food was worth £1.2 billion a year (2009) and is increasing. The UK's share of the European organic farming market was about 10%.
3047:
operates from Aberdeen. There is no specialist agricultural university in Wales, though courses in agriculture are available. The same is true for Northern Ireland. There is also a specialist agricultural college in Northern Ireland, the
897:
The Economy, Trade, and Rural Affairs Committee of the Welsh Parliament supervises the Welsh Government in respect of animal welfare, environment, agriculture, forestry, food, marine resources and fisheries as well as trade and economy.
7625:
3731:
The European Egg Marketing Regulations say that "free range" hens are those with continuous daytime access to runs with a certain proportion of vegetation, and that have a maximum stocking density of 1,000 birds per hectare (395 per
716:
attached to land, and particularly how it ought to be shared between landlord and tenant. Nowadays, milk quotas no longer exist, but other subsidies (largely rolled up into Single Payments) still must be divided between the parties.
3330:("RTFO") obliges fuel suppliers to see that a certain proportion of the fuel they sell comes from renewable sources. The target for 2009/10 is 3.25% by volume. This presents a potentially useful source of revenue for some farmers.
3497:
Local government authorities have powers under the Smallholdings and Allotments Act to buy and rent land to people who want to become farmers. Fifty County Councils and Unitary Authorities in England and Wales offer tenancies on
2587:. c. 32) are not authorised by a notice under the Agriculture Act 1947. As of 2023 the Game Act 1831 remains in force. It prohibits, amongst other things, taking game at certain times and also the laying down of poison for game.
234:
in England. The system is documented by detailed maps made in 1635 recording numbers against on the map. The owners and extent of the rights are in an accompanying set of ledger entries against the numbers recorded on the maps.
2978:. Nowadays, there are various welfare assurance schemes in response to consumer pressure. The use of battery cages in now illegal in the European Union, due to the severe impacts the cages can have on the well-being of hens.
1581:
Historically weed control was by hand-pulling of weeds, often during "fallowing" (which means leaving the land to carry no crop for a season, during which time the weeds can be found and removed). In 1896 it was found that a
788:
in 2012 were (in metric tons): milk (13.8 M); wheat (13.2 M); Chicken meat (1.4 M); cattle meat (882,000); pig meat (770,000); sheep meat (770,000); potatoes (4.5 M); rapeseed (2.5 M); hen eggs (630,000); sugar beet (7.2 M).
3007:
in 1901. Meanwhile, the West of Scotland Agricultural College formed in 1899, the East of Scotland Agricultural College in 1901, and the North of Scotland Agricultural College in 1904; these colleges amalgamated to form the
530:
the previous restraints. In the inter-war years 1919–1939 agriculture in Britain was not the subject of protectionist policies but had to absorb price falls resulting from increased domestic production and the effects of the
3394:
Sporting rights over farmland for hunting or trapping game have commercial value; game shooting, deer stalking and fishing contribute to the UK economy. Fox hunting has been banned in the United Kingdom since February 2005.
1079:
Sale or letting of land may use the land classification to price the land. Setting rents or evaluating dilapidations (disrepair or breach of obligation on tenanted farms) will probably include reference to this information.
3777:
1452:
concentration, warmer spring/summer temperatures and lengthened growing season will all be beneficial to certain types of crop production, specifically grains and barley and detrimental to other crops, such as potatoes.
427:
farms. Parliament began to review the legislation, for example by distinguishing between farm improvements that the tenant should fund, and those the landlord should fund. Parliament was concerned with the issue of
998:
Land is classified in England and Wales in accordance with five grades. These grades are established using information as to soil quality and characteristics together with climatological data. The grades used are:
10526:
2927:
in 2007. The most serious disease to affect British agriculture was BSE, a cattle brain disease that causes a similar disease in some humans who eat infected meat. It has killed 166 people in Britain since 1994.
673:
3403:
Development Agencies. Expenditure on the Rural Development Programme for England will remain around £3.7 billion for the 2007–13 programme period, compared with the original planned budget of about £3.9 billion.
3528:
Smallholding at Quarter Beach, Carmarthenshire, Wales (2011). The dwelling sits in the protected dip of the land with sheep-grazing in the foreground. Woodland and an enclosed area of planted trees are by the
3237:
221:
reached Britain in 1349. This and subsequent epidemics caused the population to fall; one-third of the population in England died between 1349 and 1350. In consequence, areas of farmland were abandoned. The
7758:
720:
The UK's egg-laying flock declined between 1970 and 2000. It fell by 5.5% in one year from June 1999 to May 2000. In 1971, there were 125,258 farms with egg-laying hens and by 1999 this was down to 26,500.
619:
1942 in Kensington in regularly bombed Central London. Here a fashionably dressed lady and her soldier friend attend to an allotment to supplement scarce food rations. This was part of the Dig for Victory
62:
Agricultural activity occurs in most rural locations. It is concentrated in the drier east (for crops) and the wetter west (for livestock). There are 191,000 farm holdings, which vary widely in size.
6388:
As at 2023 section 2 of the Game Act 1831 defines game widely: "game" shall for all the purposes of this Act be deemed to include hares, pheasants, partridges, grouse, heath or moor game, black game"
1368:
introduced an all Wales NVZ in 2021. Previously, 2.4% of Wales' land was designated as a NVZ. Environmental and fishing groups welcomed the new rules. It will be rolled out, pending a review by the
964:
Approximately 36% of the land is croppable (arable), or approximately 25% of the total UK land area. Most of the rest is permanent grassland, rough grazing and other land on agricultural holdings.
915:
The Committee for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs of the Northern Ireland Assembly is tasked to advise and assist the DAERA Minister and operates in accordance with its mandate periods.
8899:
612:
payments (after the War becoming deficiency payments covering the gap between average farm prices and levels guaranteed for 11 products).Farm incomes in this three year period accordingly tripled.
330:
During the 18th century, a large share of farmers had the ability to use numerical skills and the ability to read and write, both being skills that were not widespread in the early modern period.
981:
Before Agricultural Land Classification systems, agricultural land was mapped by descriptions that would aid farming. Here is a 1793 map describing Sussex by the noted agriculturalist and writer
3391:
About half of all farmers in the United Kingdom supplement their income by diversifying their businesses away from pure agriculture. On average diversification adds £10,400 to a farm's revenue.
1076:(Likelihood of Best and Most Versatile (BMV) Agricultural Land - Strategic scale maps) for strategic planning purposes only for the English regions, also available online from Natural England.
7413:
1109:
Soil is a mix of mineral and organic components, produced when rock is weathered and acted on by living organisms. If soils are acidic they may need repeated applications of alkalines (such as
73:. Low earnings, high land prices and a shortage of let farmland discourage young people from joining the industry. The average (median) age of the British farm holder is about 60 (as of 2016).
2966:, the Welfare of Farmed Animals Regulations 2007 and the Welfare of Animals (Transport) Order 1997. The UK has a good reputation for animal welfare, and there are several codes of practice.
1586:
solution would kill broad-leaved weeds without seriously damaging young cereal plants. Other chemical weedkillers were soon discovered and now common chemical weedkiller ingredients include
11025:
3694:
1545:
Climate change is bringing with it the earlier onset of winter rain. These very wet soils during spring time will also lead to unwanted pest and disease problems during the plating season.
4077:
3827:
3623:
caused the destruction of over 2,000 animals and the payment of £47 million damages by the Government after contaminated effluent escaped from the biological research laboratories at the
684:
of 1976. The 1976 Act allowed for succession of agricultural tenancies on a farmer's death. A suitable relative could inherit the tenancy. This was limited to two generations of tenant.
669:(NFU) to fix the support price to be paid for each agricultural product. They were enacted in a series of Agriculture (Miscellaneous Provisions) Acts in 1949, 1954, 1963, 1968 and 1972.
3128:
committed the government to undertake a national review of the industry every year in consultation with the NFU. After the 2001 creation of DEFRA, the NFU continued to influence policy.
9900:
125:
an ageing population, partly due to low earnings and barriers to entry, and it is increasingly hard to recruit young people into farming. The average farm holder is about 60 years old.
2602:
British wool comes from sheep, with only a few goats or alpacas bred for exotic wools such as cashmere or angora. The vast majority of milk comes from cattle, and eggs from chickens.
10148:
8372:
1513:
Factors that influence crop sequences include the soil type, weather, the price and availability of labour and power, market outlets, and technical considerations about maintaining
5833:
3028:
In England the Royal Agricultural University in Cirencester offers degree-level education and research opportunities in agriculture, as does Harper Adams University in Shropshire.
10163:
10115:
6741:
5309:
3262:
3193:
was formed in 1981 and operates in England and Wales. Its purpose is to represent tenant farmer members and to lobby on their behalf. It provides information and some services.
3156:
was founded in 1913 and as at 2023 represents approximately 10,000 farmers in Scotland. Its purpose is to further the interests of its members and to inform and represent them.
10531:
10120:
9972:
8460:
5112:
1518:
The farmer will therefore try to design a sequence to sustain high yields, permit adequate weed control, service market needs, and keep the soil free from diseases and pests.
5334:
3991:
990:
different scale (1:250,000 or one quarter inch to the mile). The British Society of Soil Science has published a guide to the history and mapping of UK land classifications.
10125:
931:
a new subsidy scheme is being introduced with a proposed reduction in direct payments with an increase in payments tied to specific environmental or developmental criteria.
279:, explained the systems and devices he espoused to improve agriculture. The book had such an impact that its influence can still be seen in some aspects of modern farming.
3944:
120:
season about 72% of the arable area is cereal crops, and of the cereal crop area, more than 57% is wheat. There are about 33 million sheep, 9.6 million cattle, 188 million
6357:
Part I of the First Schedule of the Protection of Birds Act 1954 lists birds and eggs protected year-round. Part II lists birds and eggs protected during the close season.
852:
5420:
201:
1635 Laxton map showing numbered areas including adjoining sheep and cattle/horse grazing areas, distinct field boundaries and a set of buildings protected by four trees.
11454:
10679:
10042:
9982:
8976:
2712:
producer of lamb, although this was recovered later. (Although it is Europe's largest producer, the UK is nevertheless a net importer of lamb, often from New Zealand.)
10153:
4873:
8471:
10275:
10158:
10105:
9610:
632:
by 1943. Potatoes became "the food of the war". Because so many men had been conscripted into the army, women were drafted in to work the land; they were called the
10143:
4892:
624:
Food rationing was introduced at the start of 1940. It did not completely end until July 1954. The government tried to encourage people to grow their own food in
570:
Some landlords reacted to the 1875 Act by refusing to let land on a tenancy, instead contracting out the labour to contract farmers. Parliament responded with the
9850:
9163:
7474:
869:
3370:
It was first suggested that farmers could be paid for "producing countryside" in 1969, but the real beginning of positive agri-environmental policy came with the
3205:
was founded in 1918 and operates in Northern Ireland. It has approximately 12,500 members and its purpose is to promote their interests by professional lobbying.
11484:
11295:
10250:
10222:
10168:
10110:
9997:
8810:
Thomas, Richard, Matilda Holmes, and James Morris. ""So bigge as bigge may be": tracking size and shape change in domestic livestock in London (AD 1220–1900)."
9987:
9178:
3371:
2466:
709:
5939:
961:
arable land, common rough grazing, temporary and permanent grassland and land used for outdoor pigs. It excludes woodland and other non-agricultural land.
10538:
8654:
Campbell, Bruce M.S. and Overton, Mark. (1991). "A New Perspective on Medieval and Early Modern Agriculture: Six Centuries of Norfolk Farming c. 1250–1850,"
8431:
2391:
6720:
11416:
1603:
886:
8325:
4357:
McCloskey, Donald N. "The enclosure of open fields: Preface to a study of its impact on the efficiency of English agriculture in the eighteenth century."
1509:
to separate the cash crop from the straw and chaff. Wheat, oats, barley, beans and some kinds of small seed (e.g. clover) typically need to be threshed.
9650:
5142:
168:
6635:
615:
491:
planting. Earlier ploughs were simply large hoes for stirring the soil, drawn by animals, that left furrows suitable for distribution of seed by hand.
9168:
8480:
8440:
8413:
8381:
7816:
7502:
6753:
6737:
6655:
6639:
5416:
3319:
2783:
The UK has about 73,000 goats, mostly as milk producers; this number is relatively small by EU standards. Venison production in the UK is mainly from
856:
7421:
6882:
2062:
pigeon family). The damage caused by crop pests is considerable. For example, potato cyst nematodes cause over £50 million damage a year in the UK.
9668:
6758:
5795:
3226:
3049:
2421:
2101:
11396:
7893:
4340:
Tollnek, F. and Baten, J., 2017. Farmers at the heart of the 'human capital revolution'? Decomposing the numeracy increase in early modern Europe.
3270:
into farming was to succeed to a holding, whether as owner or tenant, so a person's opportunity to farm depended primarily on a family connection.
487:
6868:
3870:
3752:
3302:. They can be used in their pure form to power vehicles, but most commonly they are blended with traditional fuels such as diesel. In 2003, the
9562:
8969:
5359:
1126:
Most British soils are 2% to 5% organic and 95% to 98% mineral, but soils such as peat may contain up to 50% organic matter. As far south as the
3722:
Animal welfare is hard to measure in any scientific sense and largely relies on the knowledge, expertise and instincts of concerned individuals.
749:
During 1999–2003 production of barley ranged from 6,128,000 to 7,456,000, wheat from 11,580,000 to 16,704,000 and oats from 491,000 to 753,000.
11527:
11367:
9126:
8915:
5820:
4102:
927:. This is roughly £28,300 per farm, although this includes around £3,000 of environmental subsidies, such as for planting woodland. Following
11342:
8168:
House of Commons, Parliament of the United Kingdom (24 January 2006). "House of Commons – Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – Fifth Report"
3534:
of the tenancies were under 20 hectares. Total income to the landlords amounted to approximately £4.3M with an operational surplus of £2.7M.
2451:
3102:
was formed in 1955 to represent those members farming in Wales. It has the right to represent Welsh farmers in UK government consultations.
1353:
80/778/EEC and 91/676/EEC both state a ceiling acceptable level of nitrates of 50 mg/litre, which is also the level recommended by the
1130:, the soil has been heavily glaciated, which ground down the rock and redistributed the resulting matter. Most British soils date from the
11379:
11272:
11069:
7844:
3477:
1501:
a crop. Traditionally reaping was done with the scythe and reaping hook, but in Britain these have been entirely superseded by machinery.
513:
led to various initiatives, including making housing available, collectively called "Homes for Heroes." The priorities were established in
7981:
5610:
5470:
11362:
10215:
9356:
9351:
9346:
3620:
2920:
2912:
2826:
7821:
4558:
11548:
11059:
10305:
9791:
8962:
7397:
6781:
6306:
3116:
666:
7718:
6529:
6054:
11337:
11207:
10829:
6618:
6028:
3802:
2916:
2668:
Over 41,000 farms in the UK produce sheep, but more than half of breeding ewes are on hill or upland farms suitable for little else.
280:
262:
7230:
5116:
189:
11389:
11332:
11160:
10649:
10569:
10554:
6506:
571:
547:
100:. There is increasing awareness that farmers have an important role to play as custodians of the British countryside and wildlife.
8624:
8006:
Originally under section 59(2) of the Agriculture Act 1970 now by paragraph 30 to Schedule 11 of the Government of Wales Act 2006.
6728:, report of the Chief Scientific Advisor to the Secretary of State, originally submitted 30 July 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
4941:
2999:. Thanks to government financial support for agricultural education in the 1890s, the Royal Agricultural College was followed by
10511:
10506:
10357:
7435:
4051:
514:
459:
8350:
7255:
4185:
11517:
11064:
11054:
11039:
10974:
10471:
10406:
10208:
9950:
9824:
9567:
6843:
6699:
4552:
3153:
1297:
are mitigated by phosphates. The risk of excess nitrogen polluting water is the focus of designating Nitrate Vulnerable Zones.
8067:
5271:
4920:
357:. They consolidated strips in the open fields into more cohesive units, and enclosed much of the remaining pasture commons or
11426:
11421:
11347:
10622:
9880:
9600:
8608:
8572:
8554:
8536:
8385:
5445:
4854:
4767:
4694:
4499:
4214:
4052:"Survey shows that small-scale, agroecological farms produce high yields, deliver multiple environmental and social benefits"
3241:
3087:
248:
4870:
792:
In 2014, total income from farming in the United Kingdom was £5.38 billion, representing about 0.7% of the British national
11322:
11239:
8484:
5197:
2944:
97:
7869:
5057:
227:
Europe, which continued on and off until about 1375. The population did not recover to 1300 levels for 200 to 300 years.
11411:
11327:
11180:
9640:
9328:
8774:
4889:
3327:
2669:
724:
From 1992 until 2004, or 2006 for organic farms, there were subsidies for not growing any crops at all. This was called
7204:
3464:
DEFRA supports organic farming by offering leaflet advice as to the compatible schemes and grants that generate income.
1058:
Scottish Government online. Scottish planning policy may require superior grades of land and peatland to be identified.
197:
11357:
11008:
10996:
10952:
10466:
9385:
9324:
4961:
1433:
forage crops such as cabbages, vetches, rape and kale; fruit, particularly apples and pears; and hay for animal feed.
258:
11185:
8118:
5739:
5497:
2606:
flavour—and those bred for dairy, where animals with a high milk yield are strongly preferred. Nevertheless, because
11469:
11372:
11317:
11079:
11049:
10814:
10664:
10327:
10322:
10189:
9577:
8404:
7302:
3674:
3233:
1134:
and are comparatively young, but in level areas, and particularly south of the Thames Valley, there are older soils.
785:
80:
in an attempt to sustain profits, and many farmers supplement their income by diversifying activities away from pure
10501:
4782:
3426:, or the routine use of drugs, antibiotics or wormers. In the United Kingdom it is supported and encouraged by the
11305:
11084:
10364:
9925:
9700:
9308:
9303:
9121:
7531:
5686:
4232:"Feeding Anglo-Saxon England: a bioarchaeological dataset for the study of early medieval agriculture (Data paper)"
3679:
2854:
2641:
2637:
in British dairy herds thanks both to its high milk yield and the relatively high quality of the beef it produces.
401:
322:
led to sustainable increased yields. These increased yields, combined with improved farming machinery and then-new
8948:
4794:
3898:
1067:
publications with data specific to Northern Ireland in the form of soil surveys, geo-chemical data and soil maps.
11459:
11406:
11267:
11212:
11044:
10947:
10426:
10374:
10300:
9293:
9228:
9148:
8169:
7740:
7612:
6974:
6717:
4650:
Cooper, A.F., 1986. Another look at the" great betrayal": agrarian reformers and agricultural policy in Britain.
3266:
3172:, a form of small-scale farming found in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. It campaigns for those purposes.
3004:
2764:
1372:, over the next three years. The review came after major political backlash from opposition parties and farmers.
587:
418:
tenure whereby a dwelling and a small area of land is made available for so long only as the owner of it allows.
300:
48:
17:
9052:
7894:
https://defrafarming.blog.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/246/2023/06/Defra-SFI-Organics-Leaflet-June-2023-1.pdf
7303:"Agricultural Wages Board for Northern Ireland (AWB) | Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs"
608:
started, Britain imported 55 million tons of food a year. By the end of 1939, this had dropped to 12 million.
11479:
11384:
11290:
11143:
10991:
10979:
10900:
10386:
10012:
10007:
9717:
9635:
9143:
8291:
8205:
3684:
3568:
3375:
1521:
As a direct result of climate change, harvesting is coming earlier in the year. The increased temperatures and
252:
8042:
8016:
7910:
6119:
3852:
11401:
11310:
11249:
11175:
10962:
10942:
10721:
10245:
10231:
9673:
9628:
9136:
8996:
5284:
3009:
2992:
414:
Enclosure in Scotland is associated with sudden and large-scale clearances, perhaps due to the prevalence of
135:
Farming is subsidised, with subsidies to farmers totalling more than £3 billion (after deduction of levies).
8264:
5834:"Consultation on the Defra Construction Code of Practice for Sustainable Use of Soils on Construction Sites"
3078:
network. It provides information resources, meetings, and advice in and regarding government consultations.
11464:
11285:
11148:
11126:
11106:
11035:
10957:
10834:
10824:
10819:
10491:
10456:
10312:
9623:
9590:
9464:
9447:
8092:
5821:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5b2264ff40f0b634cfb50650/pb13298-code-of-practice-090910.pdf
3165:
3017:
982:
93:
11300:
11280:
11121:
10984:
10766:
10669:
10379:
10352:
10332:
9678:
9412:
9173:
8873:
8865:
3669:
3581:
3044:
1533:
levels allow this to happen. This means crops can be harvested well in advance of the heavy rain season.
1313:
without infrastructure to contain or cover the slurry. Uncovered storage releases atmospheric pollution.
1090:
Road surveys for building or extending highways will require to include land classification information.
318:
pastures. The crop mix changed too, with wheat and rye replacing barley. Nitrogen fixing plants such as
268:
5560:
5510:
4135:
1440:
Climate change will have positive impacts on crop production in Ireland. The combined effects of higher
128:
In 2022 with 15,540,000 metric tons, the UK ranked as the 14th largest producer of wheat in the world.
11499:
11111:
10317:
10072:
9817:
9660:
9557:
9103:
8736:
Horses, oxen and technological innovation: the use of draught animals in English farming from 1066–1500
7486:
5712:
5535:
3190:
3099:
3029:
2697:
701:
628:, and householders were encouraged to keep rabbits and chickens for the table. There were 1.5 million
6358:
5635:
4551:
209:
and there was an expansion of arable farming between the 8th and 13th centuries in England Under the
11131:
10969:
10905:
10895:
10890:
10002:
9962:
9865:
9512:
9193:
7548:
7328:
5964:
4795:
CONCLUSIONS of a Meeting of the War Cabinet held in the Cabinet War Room on 14 March 1945 at 12 noon.
4204:
3423:
3284:
1354:
977:
855:(MAFF). MAFF was in turn the predecessor of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs,
538:. By 1938, 88% of wheat was imported, 96% of butter, 76% of cheese and about half the eggs and meat.
8444:
1461:
186:
and hunter-gatherer groups meeting and trading with one another in the early part of the Neolithic.
10396:
9977:
9572:
9474:
8942:
8349:
Paragraph 5, page 3 of the Scottish Government Audit Scotland Crofting Commission Report 2020/2021
8239:
5976:
5585:
5087:
4300:
3202:
2232:
814:
444:
8623:
Allen, Robert C. "English and Welsh agriculture, 1300–1850: outputs, inputs, and income." (2006).
6159:
Watson and More 1949, p. 132 (cultivator), 136 (harrow), 140 (roller) and 142 (sprayer and duster)
4151:
4025:
2896:
1045:
Agricultural Land Classification maps are available by online download for England and Wales from
288:
10804:
10391:
10342:
10173:
10057:
10052:
10027:
9885:
9595:
9430:
9422:
7280:
6444:
4667:
Rooth, T., 1985. Trade agreements and the evolution of British agricultural policy in the 1930s.
4167:
3659:
3551:
2963:
2862:
2361:
2301:
2165:
1358:
662:
231:
144:
10589:
8909:
8891:
4259:
3020:
in 1880; it closed in 1906 as it was unable to compete with the publicly funded state colleges.
661:
There were many other changes in the law, and each of these Acts needed negotiation between the
11489:
10082:
10032:
9992:
9945:
9940:
9930:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9890:
9875:
9870:
9860:
9855:
9845:
9773:
9615:
9605:
9528:
9435:
9377:
9338:
9278:
9027:
5660:
4119:
3652:
2996:
2842:
2705:
2610:
must calve to produce milk, much of the British beef output is from surplus dairy herd calves.
1660:
1227:
Aside from the information above under Agricultural Land Classification, DEFRA has published a
7907:
Written evidence submitted by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (PRO0037)
7906:
7498:
7178:
5713:"Natural England Access to Evidence - Likelihood of Best and Most Versatile Agricultural Land"
217:
fens were drained, woods cleared and farmland expanded to feed a rising population, until the
11244:
11234:
11001:
10849:
10716:
10694:
10627:
10431:
10337:
10077:
10067:
10047:
10037:
10022:
10017:
9967:
9935:
9920:
9895:
9810:
9390:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9183:
8351:
https://www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/uploads/docs/report/2021/aar_2021_crofting_commission_0.pdf
7923:
7710:
4939:
3602:
3598:
3431:
2870:
2866:
2558:
2186:
1751:
784:
In 2012 the top ten agricultural products of the United Kingdom by value, as reported by the
757:
Most farmers of beef cattle or sheep made a net loss in the year to April 2010. Production,
629:
244:
7391:
6789:
5940:"Farming Investment Fund – new slurry infrastructure grants coming in autumn 2022 - Farming"
4403:
3060:
There are numerous bodies and associations, charities and others interested in agriculture.
11224:
11217:
10872:
10809:
10781:
10756:
10751:
10726:
10684:
10486:
10441:
10436:
10265:
10062:
9957:
9492:
9484:
9233:
9042:
7715:
6525:
6284:
6134:
5272:
https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/52/environment-food-and-rural-affairs-committee/
3664:
3572:
there had been a Government cover-up, and that the straight-talking Mrs Currie was right.
3524:
3125:
2346:
2316:
1911:
1645:
1417:
654:
633:
223:
214:
148:
66:
8682:
Dewey, Peter. "Agriculture, Agrarian Society and the Countryside." in Chris Wrigley, ed.,
8506:
4379:
3899:"Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2014 – Publications – Government of the United Kingdom"
3778:"After 170 years of labour market change, now only 1% of workers are in agriculture - ONS"
8:
10844:
10799:
10791:
10736:
10644:
10579:
10270:
9645:
9469:
9273:
9268:
6695:
5137:
3636:
3624:
3033:
2850:
2640:
The UK once produced roughly as much beef as it ate, but this changed in 1996 because of
2543:
2496:
1859:
1844:
1675:
1437:
in. Drilling is normally the most economical technique where conditions are dry enough.
1131:
924:
758:
531:
500:
not until 1917 that agricultural production was overseen by County Executive Committees.
405:
305:
193:
1635 Laxton map showing numbered strips, ploughs drawn by horse and oxen, and a windmill.
108:
8920:
8824:
The Failure of Land Reform in Twentieth-Century England: The Triumph of Private Property
8710:
Hopcroft, Rosemary L. "The social origins of agrarian change in late medieval England."
8698:
The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain: Volume 1, Industrialisation, 1700–1870
7659:
6138:
3964:
3359:
1305:
10920:
10910:
10877:
10776:
10746:
10639:
10614:
10574:
9741:
9283:
6651:
6210:
5980:
5415:
3315:
2924:
2748:
2685:
2201:
2120:
1896:
1630:
1599:
1591:
697:
470:
409:
366:
8815:
8326:"Naked civil servants get bums rush as agency sacks four after lewd behaviour scandal"
7685:
7489:, European Commission website, published 18 November 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
7477:, European Commission website, published 18 November 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
7443:
6146:
5222:
10689:
10659:
9459:
9288:
8905:
8887:
8604:
8568:
8550:
8532:
8502:
8299:
8213:
7579:
7516:
6189:"Irish farms under climate change – is there a regional variation on farm responses?"
5536:"Natural England Access to Evidence - Regional Agricultural Land Classification Maps"
5402:
4763:
4690:
4495:
4210:
3436:
3136:
The main NFU operates in England and Wales. The Welsh section is known as NFU Cymru.
2775:
because pig manure is mildly toxic, owing to the use of copper as a growth enhancer.
2645:
2634:
2171:
2135:
2003:
1957:
1813:
1569:
1502:
1412:
1110:
1084:
823:
230:
The last surviving working mediaeval strip farming system with common grazings is in
206:
59:
11.2 billion). The UK currently produces about 54% of its domestic food consumption.
52:
37:
8954:
8760:
6214:
4273:
2931:
A current issue is the control of bovine tuberculosis, which can also be carried by
1233:
Construction Code of Practice for the Sustainable Use of Soils on Construction Sites
732:
farming policies. From 2007 onwards, set aside subsidies in the UK were withdrawn.
11474:
10915:
10864:
10674:
10654:
9655:
9502:
9454:
9405:
9153:
9098:
7753:
7735:
6200:
6142:
5740:
https://soils.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Soils-and-Land-Quality-Jan-2022.pdf
5498:
https://soils.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Soils-and-Land-Quality-Jan-2022.pdf
4917:
4239:
3713:
Greece has 5.3 million goats, and Spain, Italy and France well over a million each.
3689:
3427:
2740:
2724:
2596:
2584:
2528:
1942:
1766:
1706:
1365:
1349:
Where nitrogen from soil gets into the water, it can be hazardous to human health.
774:
592:
11202:
8767:
The Agricultural Revolution: The Transformation of the Agrarian Economy: 1500–1850
4851:
4103:"Agriculture in the United Kingdom Statistics: 2022: Chapter 10 - Public Payments"
765:
of gross value added in 2009, 83% of the UK's agricultural income originated from
370:
empowered to lease one twelfth of the land for the improvement of the remainder.
11170:
11091:
10496:
10461:
10451:
10421:
10295:
9400:
9395:
9188:
9077:
9072:
8464:
8182:
7722:
7637:
7529:
7401:
6978:
6863:
6724:
6533:
5384:
4965:
4924:
4896:
4877:
4858:
3554:
was able to prevent Donald Trump's ambitions for a golf course in Aberdeenshire.
3481:
3412:
3311:
3213:
3000:
2975:
2971:
2756:
2736:
2728:
2630:
2406:
2376:
2116:
1721:
1587:
1583:
1046:
415:
88:
present new opportunities for farmers against a background of rising fears about
77:
70:
10200:
8144:
6681:
4262:. University of California, published 9 October 2003. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
1317:
170 million tonnes of animal excreta ("slurry") is produced annually in the UK.
11197:
10741:
10481:
10369:
10260:
10255:
9760:
9318:
9131:
9062:
9032:
9017:
8882:
6712:
5065:
3640:
3592:
3307:
3303:
3037:
3013:
2959:
2752:
2693:
2653:
2649:
2150:
2086:
1798:
1736:
1595:
1560:
1514:
625:
554:
56:
8727:
Langdon, John (1982). "The Economics of Horses and Oxen in Medieval England,"
8170:
https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmenvfru/840/84002.htm
6307:"Pesticides: code of practice for using plant protection products in Scotland"
6205:
6188:
11542:
11074:
10854:
10632:
10584:
10564:
10476:
9767:
9497:
9093:
9022:
8303:
8217:
6120:"Possible change in Irish climate and its impact on barley and potato yields"
6002:
5421:
The Path to Sustainable Farming: An Agricultural Transition Plan 2021 to 2024
4945:
4547:
3338:
2805:
2673:
2580:
2481:
2436:
1264:
1127:
944:
474:
354:
174:
11101:
8647:
Bone, Quentin. "Legislation to Revive Small Farming in England 1887–1914."
8629:
Allen, Robert C. (1994). "Agriculture During the Industrial Revolution," in
7776:
4958:
4740:
Bowers, J.K., 1985. British agricultural policy since the Second World War.
3069:
Fellows by the ALA. The ALA operates throughout the UK via regional groups.
2046:
Pesticides: code of practice for using plant protection products in Scotland
11192:
10839:
10711:
9712:
9238:
9158:
8424:
5752:
4078:"United Kingdom Food Security Report 2021: Theme 2: UK Food Supply Sources"
3969:
3828:"United Kingdom Food Security Report 2021: Theme 2: UK Food Supply Sources"
3499:
3334:
3288:
3120:
2953:
2689:
2607:
1350:
681:
605:
541:
473:
ended in 1865, and by 1875, with new steam-powered railways and ships, the
428:
51:, employs 1% of its workforce (471,000 people) and contributes 0.5% of its
6993:
4231:
3422:
Organic farming is farming without chemical fertilisers, most pesticides,
3337:(which is also grown for other purposes), short-rotation coppices such as
275:
farmer, invented his famous rotating-cylinder seed drill. His 1731 book,
10883:
10731:
10706:
10699:
10520:
10347:
9748:
9734:
9313:
9243:
9001:
8677:
Progress and poverty: an economic and social history of Britain 1700–1850
6600:
5796:"Code of practice for the sustainable use of soils on construction sites"
3585:
3363:
3217:
3124:
the war and it is a measure of the NFU's influence at that time that the
2886:
2837:
Designated notifiable diseases under the Diseases of Animals Act include
2793:
2788:
2744:
2331:
2216:
1988:
793:
705:
677:
509:
218:
182:
89:
81:
9802:
9507:
4529:
Fairlie, S., 1969. The Corn Laws and British Wheat Production, 1829–76.
923:
When in the EU, UK farmers received more than £3 billion a year via the
551:
to twelve, and brought in an agricultural dispute resolution procedure.
10559:
9258:
9057:
8715:
8017:"Local authority smallholdings: annual report 2021 to 2022 | GOV.WALES"
4562:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 398.
3480:"to support our agricultural industry", at the same time as "providing
3347:
2890:
2878:
2622:
2285:
2247:
1874:
1690:
1494:(used to spread herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and fertilisers).
1381:
1310:
713:
503:
323:
178:
8663:
A concise economic history of Britain: from the earliest times to 1750
7620:
7031:
6971:
6029:"Farmers 'at wits' end' over cost of works to meet new pollution laws"
4362:
10446:
9263:
9248:
9067:
9047:
8807:(8 vol 1978) to 1939; the standard scholarly history; highly detailed
7759:
Soil Association response to the Food Standards Agency Organic Review
7475:
Commission outlines blueprint for forward-looking agricultural policy
4244:
4229:
3695:
List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom
3379:
actual payments to farmers to support this are comparatively modest.
3072:
2846:
2767:
and farmers need permission from their local authority to keep them.
2760:
2681:
1828:
1554:
1506:
1396:
1276:
1114:
725:
597:
440:
344:
272:
5247:
4729:
British Agriculture in the First World War (RLE The First World War)
4617:
British Agriculture in the First World War (RLE The First World War)
2618:
69:, farm earnings are relatively low, mainly due to low prices at the
9705:
9442:
9037:
7231:"Celebrating rural workers and 100 years of The Landworker journal"
6359:
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1954/30/schedule/FIRST/enacted
5611:"National scale land capability for agriculture | Scotland's soils"
4797:
Pages 186–189. National archives. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
3643:
in the Report to follow an Implementation Plan to rectify matters.
3544:
3292:
3169:
2911:
The United Kingdom suffered outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in
2905:
2901:
2882:
2784:
2677:
1880:
1572:
growing in Scotland. Ragwort is a problem weed throughout the UK.
1565:
1408:
1272:
1222:
818:
770:
535:
385:
32:
7911:
Public Sector Procurement of Food: Sixth Report of Session 2019–21
7909:, quoted in Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Select Committee,
11494:
9298:
9253:
8093:"Donald Trump golf opponent Michael Forbes wins 'Top Scot' award"
7106:
5143:
Flowers and fruit crops facing disaster as disease kills off bees
4629:
4492:
The Scottish Clearances: A History of the Dispossessed, 1600–1900
3299:
3279:
2858:
2838:
2809:
1972:
1498:
1137:
Soffe (2003) summarises the acidity of British soils as follows:
766:
563:
559:
518:
310:
283:, a viscount known as "Turnip Townsend", in the 1730s introduced
210:
121:
85:
7006:
6996:, Corporatewatch, published July 2003. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
6186:
6003:"River pollution Wales: Farmers face 'six-figure sum' to comply"
2949:
353:
During the 18th and 19th centuries, enclosures were by means of
10516:
8636:
also in Roderick Floud, Jane Humphries, and Paul Johnson, eds.
7153:
5173:
Section 1 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Act 1919
4230:
McKerracher, M.; Hamerow, H.; Bogaard, A.; et al. (2023).
3342:
3105:
2932:
2874:
2813:
2511:
1926:
1392:
1369:
1337:
1280:
1268:
928:
319:
284:
65:
Despite skilled farmers, advanced technology, fertile soil and
8743:
Farmers, landlords and landscapes: rural Britain, 1720 to 1870
8631:
The Economic History of Britain since 1700, Vol. I: 1700–1860,
7982:"71st annual report to Parliament on smallholdings in England"
7396:
Aberdeen: Land Economy Research, SAC. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
5561:"Agricultural land classification: predictive map | GOV.WALES"
5511:"Agricultural land classification: predictive map | GOV.WALES"
3175:
3081:
1244:
Guidance for Successful Reclamation of Mineral and Waste Sites
11229:
8633:
ed. by Roderick Floud and Donald McCloskey, pp. 96–122.
7392:
Barriers Facing New Entrants to Farming—An Emphasis on Policy
6187:
Shrestha, S.; Abdalla, M.; Hennessy, T.; et al. (2015).
5737:
Soils and Land Quality: How to find online maps and data sets
5495:
Soils and Land Quality: How to find online maps and data sets
4472:
3168:
operates in Scotland and is concerned to promote and protect
2801:
1782:
1426:
1422:
1321:
1255:
channels in the soil and for helping to move soil particles.
805:
2012. 163,000 tonnes were fed to livestock during 2011–2012.
778:
112:
7686:"Rare woodpecker returns to Dorset 'due to organic farming'"
7602:
Farmers Weekly, 18 June 2010: Vol. 152 No. 24, p. 24–27
7081:
6981:, Open I, published 16 March 2002. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
6055:"All-Wales NVZ to go ahead as pollution 'remains very high'"
4436:
3630:
3593:
2006 the Rural Payments Agency: incompetence and sex scandal
2885:
Order conditions that can be transmitted to humans, such as
2763:
are sometimes farmed. They are currently covered under the
813:
Two of the most serious diseases affecting crop plants were
9754:
8936:
8374:
The Importance of County Council Farms to the Rural Economy
7056:
6918:
4936:
4385:
4171:
4155:
4139:
4123:
2816:. In this way, the UK produce annually 22 million turkeys.
2797:
2701:
1099:
828:
696:
By this time the then-European Economic Community (now the
7962:
Farmers' Weekly, Vol. 153 No. 19, 12 November 2010, p. 18.
7530:
Public and Corporate Economic Consultants (PACEC) (2014).
7487:
Agriculture Committee's first thoughts on Commission plans
7179:"Written evidence submitted by Unite, the Union (BTR0076)"
6944:
6287:, Health and Safety Executive. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
6117:
177:
between about 5000 BC and 4500 BC after a large influx of
9611:
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences
8943:
UK government website on food and agricultural production
8851:
Documents in English Economic History: England since 1760
8779:
7771:
7574:
6771:
Farmers Weekly, 16 September 2011: Vol. 156 No. 12, p. 6.
6676:
6118:
Holden, N.M; Brereton, A.J; Fealy, R; Sweeney, J (2003).
5586:"Agricultural land classification: enquiries | GOV.WALES"
4785:, from the National Archives. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
4537:(1), pp. 88–116 argues against the "irrelevance" position
4404:
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/apgb/Geo3/13/81/section/I.
4295:
3965:"Subsidies plan for farmers who help to restore wildlife"
872:(DAERA) which is part of the Northern Ireland Executive.
740:
729:
9164:
Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs
8592:
Agriculture: The Science and Practice of British Farming
7825:, last updated 23 December 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
7371:
Farmers Weekly, 30 October 2009: Vol. 151 No. 18, p. 85.
7307:
Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs
5967:, EC Environment Commission. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
5011:
Farmers Weekly, 29 October 2010: Vol. 153 No. 17, p. 16.
4460:
3468:
published June 2023, lists five separate possibilities.
2819:
2648:, which is the most popular British beef breed, and the
870:
Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs
542:
Legislative change in respect of tenanted land 1875–1923
8782:, last updated 5 November 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
8594:(ninth ed.), Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd
7428:
6844:"European Union Bans Battery Cages for Egg-Laying Hens"
5417:
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (UK)
5403:"Do farmers make more from subsidies than agriculture?"
4186:"Overview: From Neolithic to Bronze Age, 8000 – 800 BC"
1148:
8531:(third ed.), Chichester: Packard Publishing Ltd,
7584:
last updated 19 November 2004. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
7131:
6897:
6884:
A Short History of Agricultural Education and Research
6801:
6799:
6742:
Response to the Report of the Chief Scientific Advisor
6483:
6481:
5164:
Section 4 of the Small Landholders (Scotland) Act 1911
4593:. 7, 1850–1914: Pt. 2. at page 947 in Introduction to
3318:
to see that production was kickstarted. In 2008, the
2981:
8984:
8583:
Spencer's Smallholdings and Allotments Acts 1908–1926
7780:, last updated 3 August 2005. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
7406:
7380:
Farmers Weekly, 10 June 2011: Vol. 155 No. 24, p. 35.
6113:
6111:
5146:, published 1 April 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
3859:. Government of the United Kingdom. 18 December 2019.
3063:
943:
states that agriculture is a major contributor to UK
8834:
Woolgar, C.M., Serjeantson, D., Waldron, T. (Eds.),
8750:
An economic and social history of Britain, 1760–1970
8292:"'Depraved' civil servants play naked office pranks"
8206:"'Depraved' civil servants play naked office pranks"
8068:"Small landholdings in Scotland: legislation review"
7905:
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs,
6703:, published 14 October 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
5310:"Session 5 Rural Economy and Connectivity Committee"
3857:
Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs
3458:
National statistics Organic farming statistics 2022,
3184:
504:
Post First World War housing and agricultural policy
9651:
Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland
8601:
Scammell and Densham's Law of Agricultural Holdings
7913:, published 21 April 2021, accessed 3 November 2022
7329:"What we do: Agricultural Advisory Panel for Wales"
6796:
6557:
6548:
6490:
6478:
6469:
6460:
6451:
6244:
6242:
5970:
5183:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
4788:
4776:
4572:O'Gráda, C., 1981. Agricultural decline 1860–1914.
4260:
The Price History of English Agriculture, 1209–1914
3023:
2974:even where these are more expensive than eggs from
2688:. In the lowlands, pockets of sheep farms remain.
967:
169:
Economics of English agriculture in the Middle Ages
132:exports are with other Western European countries.
9169:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
7747:
6989:
6987:
6108:
4836:
3547:legislation. Smallholdings were reviewed in 2017.
3314:and stimulating the rural economy, and agreed the
3073:Central Association of Agricultural Valuers (CAAV)
2962:legislation affecting UK agriculture includes the
2684:in Wales are dominated by sheep farms, as are the
2570:
1474:(to break up land too heavy for a normal plough),
875:
11208:Glasgow International Financial Services District
10230:
8937:Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs
7762:, published 29 July 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
7726:, published 29 July 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
7057:"NFU Scotland | National Farmers Union, Scotland"
6872:, published 1 May 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
6513:. Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board.
6296:These tables are adapted from Soffe 2003, p. 223.
4899:, uk.agriculture.com. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
4880:, uk.agriculture.com. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
4762:. USA: University of Chicago Press. p. 160.
4689:. USA: University of Chicago Press. p. 158.
3471:
3227:National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers
3050:College of Agriculture, Food and Rural Enterprise
1344:
1235:. The latter was under review as at August 2022.
434:
11540:
8638:The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain
7729:
7559:
7459:
7356:
7347:
6923:The Central Association for Agricultural Valuers
6774:
6517:
6239:
5385:"Brexit: EU subsidy loss 'could wipe out farms'"
4861:, ukagriculture.com. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
4043:
3055:
1320:Farmyard manure can be used as soil fertiliser.
1223:Government information or advice regarding soils
8904:. Melton Mowbray: Agro Business Consultants.
8549:(20th ed.), Oxford: Blackwell Publishing,
6984:
5335:"Session 6 Rural Affairs and Islands Committee"
4883:
4864:
3901:. Government of the United Kingdom. 28 May 2015
3614:
3306:saw biofuels as an answer to several problems:
3258:land prices rose by a factor of well over 100.
3232:The union nominates six representatives to the
3159:
674:Agriculture (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976
9127:Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board
8916:Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology
8886:. Sutton, Surrey: Reed Business Information.
8684:A Companion to Early Twentieth-Century Britain
7792:
6436:
6339:This table is adapted from Soffe 2003, p. 228.
5155:Section 1 of the Board of Agriculture Act 1899
2778:
481:
10216:
9818:
8970:
8722:Servants in husbandry in early modern England
5285:"Economy, Trade, and Rural Affairs Committee"
4918:Living Countryside Plc (a registered charity)
4845:
3992:"Agricultural Land Use in the United Kingdom"
3238:Agricultural Wages Board for Northern Ireland
2056:
2044:In Scotland there is a Code of Practice, the
887:Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee
9563:National Farmers' Union of England and Wales
8775:Agricultural Revolution in England 1500–1850
7956:
6857:
5360:"Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs"
3247:
3236:to represent workers' interests, six to the
3106:National Farmers' Union of England and Wales
1070:
955:
708:was having a direct impact on farming. The
515:the Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919
7414:"Executive Summary of the Gallagher Review"
6887:, Harper Adams University, (2015) pp. 96–97
6782:"Animal Welfare in the UK, an introduction"
6278:
6153:
5223:"Cabinet members and ministers | GOV.WALES"
5198:"Agriculture and Rural Economy Directorate"
4589:Collins, E.J.T. and Thirsk, J. eds., 2000.
3621:2007 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak
3176:Scottish Tenant Farmers' Association (STFA)
3082:Country Land and Business Association (CLA)
2708:encompasses both upland and lowland areas.
853:Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
524:
10223:
10209:
9825:
9811:
8977:
8963:
8949:National Statistics, Agriculture in the UK
8589:
8585:(third ed.), London: Stevens and Sons
7596:
7374:
7365:
6688:
6379:Section 98(2) of the Agriculture Act 1947.
6333:
4827:
4818:
4809:
4800:
4712:
4703:
4514:
3575:
3093:
1018:Good to moderate quality agricultural land
596:British tanks on a military exercise in a
464:
287:farming on a large scale. This created a
9832:
9204:Scottish Government Net Zero Directorates
8805:The agrarian history of England and Wales
8522:(short survey), Blackwell History Project
8501:
8240:"'Naked civil servants' celebrate infamy"
8145:"BBC NEWS | UK | John Gummer: Beef eater"
7660:"Organic farming 'benefits biodiversity'"
7587:
7492:
7480:
7468:
6967:
6965:
6718:Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle and Badgers
6418:
6409:
6348:Section 98(4) of the Agriculture Act 1947
6260:
6251:
6204:
6171:
6162:
6099:
6090:
6081:
6072:
5986:
5923:
5905:
5896:
5887:
5878:
5869:
5860:
5851:
5770:
5463:
4990:Pesticide Residue Minimization Crop Guide
4986:
4591:The agrarian history of England and Wales
4478:
4466:
4442:
4391:
4325:
4316:
4313:Overton 2009, "More food for more people"
4307:
4243:
3631:2021 Breakdown at the Crofting Commission
3601:due to farmers were not made because the
1478:(to level the surface of ploughed land),
840:
395:
8696:Floud, Roderick, and Paul Johnson, eds.
8598:
7971:section 59 of the Agriculture Act 1970.
7947:
7924:"Small Holdings and Allotments Act 1926"
7828:
7810:
7801:
7783:
7605:
7450:
7228:
6826:
6817:
6808:
6747:
6731:
6661:
6645:
6629:
6584:
6575:
6566:
6539:
6507:"UK Regional Breakdown of Breeding Herd"
6427:
6400:
6324:
6290:
6269:
6221:
5965:Implementation of the Nitrates Directive
5779:
4987:Berry, P.; et al. (November 2006).
4546:
4505:
4049:
3930:
3928:
3584:scare in May 1990, Agriculture Minister
3523:
3358:
3283:
3196:
2948:
2895:
2723:
2617:
1564:
1460:
1416:
1332:
1304:
976:
614:
591:
572:Agricultural Holdings (England) Act 1883
553:
548:Agricultural Holdings (England) Act 1875
304:
257:
196:
188:
107:
31:
10517:2020 Withdrawal from the European Union
10457:Second Industrial Revolution 1860s–1914
8900:Agricultural Budgeting and Costing Book
8580:
8461:Agriculture in the United Kingdom, 2011
7870:"Organic farming on the rise in the UK"
7626:Rural Development Programme for England
7617:Rural Development Programme for England
6700:Bluetongue spreads from cattle to sheep
6370:Section 101 of the Agriculture Act 1947
5958:
5131:
5014:
5005:
4635:
4280:
4202:
3918:
3916:
3562:
3557:
2751:, and formerly popular breeds like the
1380:Phosphates are substances that contain
1267:. It is traditionally fertilised with
581:
460:Great Depression of British Agriculture
421:
76:Recently there have been moves towards
14:
11541:
9376:
8791:England's developing economy 1714–1815
8323:
8289:
8203:
7938:
7765:
7568:
7537:. The British Shooting Sports Council.
7229:Campbell, Amanda (13 September 2019).
6962:
6670:
5471:Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2022
4982:
4980:
4632:under "Prison and housing development"
4600:
4265:
4009:
3952:. DEFRA. 14 July 2022. pp. 26–27.
3946:Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2021
3439:and labour use can be 10%–25% higher.
3366:in Yorkshire, an old farming community
3333:Biofuel crops grown in the UK include
2590:
1249:
1238:Guidance is also available in DEFRA's
741:Cereal production statistics 2000–2010
494:
138:
10204:
9806:
9601:Country Land and Business Association
9550:
8958:
8798:Mastering economic and social history
8562:
8544:
8517:
8402:
8370:
7704:
7514:
7151:
6230:
6096:Watson and More 1949, p. 159–160
4902:
4757:
4684:
4574:The economic history of Britain since
4252:
4183:
4161:
4152:Why farming matters: Northern Ireland
4145:
4129:
4113:
3962:
3925:
3242:Agricultural Advisory Panel for Wales
3088:Country Land and Business Association
2820:Livestock movement and record-keeping
1061:
249:Supreme Head of the Church of England
27:Economic sector in the United Kingdom
11523:
11240:London Platinum and Palladium Market
8265:"RPA rocked by staff in sex scandal"
8237:
7383:
6898:"ALA | Agricultural Law Association"
6706:
6658:website. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
6642:website. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
5983:website. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
5914:
5687:"National Planning Policy Framework"
4824:Williams et al. 2007, p. 14–15.
4815:Williams et al. 2007, p. 13–14.
4595:Part IV: Trade Commerce and Industry
4331:Overton 2009, "More food per worker"
4289:
4050:Laughton, Rebecca (11 August 2017).
3913:
3893:
3891:
3853:"Agriculture in the English regions"
3611:unacceptable in this organisation".
3252:
3131:
2945:Animal welfare in the United Kingdom
2656:is now a relatively uncommon sight.
2039:
1040:
752:
712:was concerned with the value of the
181:people and following the end of the
9641:Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre
9568:National Farmers' Union of Scotland
8603:, London: LexisNexis Butterworths,
8590:Watson, James; More, James (1949),
8526:
8473:Diversification in Agriculture 2004
8403:Curry, Donald; et al. (2002),
8324:Fuller, Georgina (10 August 2006).
7638:"Organic farms 'best for wildlife'"
7519:. Government of the United Kingdom.
7281:"Scottish Agricultural Wages Board"
7111:Scottish Tenant Farmers Association
6841:
6765:
6193:The Journal of Agricultural Science
6127:Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
6078:Watson and More 1949, p. 86–87
5911:Watson and More 1949, p. 76–77
5665:Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute
4977:
4806:Williams et al. 2007, p. 9–13.
4184:Pryor, Francis (28 February 2011).
3328:Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation
3119:(NFU) was begun by a group of nine
2982:Agricultural education and training
1036:Very poor quality agricultural land
1006:Excellent quality agricultural land
910:
103:
24:
8843:
8769:(Cambridge University Press. 1996)
8738:(Cambridge University Press, 2002)
8724:(Cambridge University Press, 1981)
8358:
8183:"Farm subsidies system criticised"
8119:"Currie 'was right' on salmonella"
7132:"Tenant Farmers Association (TFA)"
6619:"Turkey meat production 2003–2017"
5992:ABC No. 71, November 2010, p. 394.
5717:publications.naturalengland.org.uk
5540:publications.naturalengland.org.uk
5032:
5023:
4520:Williams et al. 2007, p. 5–6.
4223:
3871:"Chapter 2: Structure of industry"
3782:webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk
3753:"Chapter 2: Structure of industry"
3406:
3386:
3208:
3064:Agricultural Law Association (ALA)
2919:, with a less serious outbreak in
1121:
1024:Moderate quality agricultural land
851:Fisheries, which later became the
636:, or less formally, "land girls".
25:
11560:
11549:Agriculture in the United Kingdom
11470:Confederation of British Industry
10665:Expansion plans for Milton Keynes
10328:Department for Business and Trade
10323:Competition and Markets Authority
8986:Agriculture in the United Kingdom
8930:
8812:Journal of Archaeological Science
8691:English Farming: Past and Present
8670:The Economy of England, 1450–1750
8433:Agriculture in the United Kingdom
7845:"Organic farming statistics 2022"
7777:Organic Farms "Best for Wildlife"
7517:"Diversifying farming businesses"
6972:Beyond the National Farmers Union
4615:Introduction to Dewey, P., 2014.
4209:. B.T. Batsford. pp. 17–19.
3888:
3675:Aquaculture in the United Kingdom
3323:food on prime agricultural land.
3234:Scottish Agricultural Wages Board
3185:Tenant Farmers' Association (TFA)
2938:
2923:. There was also an outbreak of
2735:farmed hybrids of types like the
2633:, which has largely replaced the
2613:
1402:
993:
786:Food and Agriculture Organization
680:'s support in Parliament for the
45:Agriculture in the United Kingdom
11522:
11513:
11512:
10365:Office for Budget Responsibility
9787:
9786:
9309:Scottish Agricultural Revolution
9304:Rural Reconstruction Association
9122:Agricultural Land Classification
8800:(1988), textbook chapters 2, 23.
8705:The Farmer in England, 1650–1980
8672:(1977), pp. 31–47, 111–130.
8567:, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing,
8467: (archived 13 November 2012)
8343:
8317:
8283:
8257:
8231:
8197:
8175:
8162:
8137:
8111:
8085:
8060:
8035:
8009:
8000:
7974:
7965:
7916:
7899:
7887:
7862:
7837:
7678:
7652:
7630:
7541:
7523:
7508:
7335:. Welsh Government. 7 March 2023
7321:
7295:
7273:
7248:
7222:
7197:
7171:
7145:
7124:
7107:"Welcome to the TFA of Scotland"
7099:
7074:
7049:
7024:
6999:
6937:
6911:
6890:
6875:
6835:
6759:TB Control Measures Consultation
6611:
6593:
6499:
6391:
6382:
6373:
6364:
6351:
6342:
6299:
6180:
6047:
6021:
5995:
5932:
5826:
5814:
5788:
5745:
5730:
5705:
5679:
5653:
5628:
5603:
5578:
5553:
5528:
5503:
5488:
5438:
5409:
5395:
4203:Pearson, Michael Parker (2005).
3725:
3716:
3707:
3680:Beekeeping in the United Kingdom
3487:
3354:
3298:Biofuels are fuels derived from
3024:University and further education
2663:
2642:bovine spongiform encephalopathy
1610:Table of significant crop weeds
1240:Good Practice for Handling Soils
968:Agricultural Land Classification
402:Scottish Agricultural Revolution
10301:Governor of the Bank of England
9149:British Cattle Movement Service
8838:(Oxford University Press, 2006)
8371:Curry, Donald (November 2008),
8363:
7580:Hunt ban forced through Commons
6682:CJD victim "had different gene"
5377:
5352:
5327:
5302:
5277:
5265:
5240:
5215:
5190:
5176:
5167:
5158:
5149:
5105:
5080:
5050:
5041:
4951:
4930:
4911:
4751:
4742:The Agricultural history review
4734:
4721:
4678:
4669:The Agricultural History Review
4661:
4644:
4622:
4609:
4583:
4566:
4540:
4523:
4484:
4448:
4427:
4418:
4409:
4397:
4368:
4351:
4334:
4322:Overton 2009, "Farming systems"
4196:
4177:
4095:
4070:
4018:
3984:
3963:Brown, Paul (2 February 1999).
3956:
3937:
3417:
3267:Agricultural Tenancies Act 1995
3148:
3005:Harper Adams University College
2765:Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976
2571:Ministerial intervention powers
1291:
1179:Cultivated soil, non-calcareous
876:Supervising or assisting bodies
808:
643:
588:Rationing in the United Kingdom
453:
301:British Agricultural Revolution
294:
238:
205:The Saxons and the Vikings had
11480:Federation of Small Businesses
9636:National Non-Food Crops Centre
9578:Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster
9144:Animal and Plant Health Agency
8857:
7442:. 25 June 2010. Archived from
7256:"'The Land Worker', 1919–1950"
7205:"Food, Drink and Agricultural"
7007:"NFU Cymru #WeAreWelshFarming"
6397:Section 3 of the Game Act 1831
4456:The Village Labourer 1760–1832
4274:The New Horse Hoeing Husbandry
3863:
3845:
3820:
3795:
3770:
3745:
3685:Forestry in the United Kingdom
3472:Public sector food procurement
3376:Countryside Stewardship Scheme
3263:Agricultural Holdings Act 1986
2900:Aftermath of a foot and mouth
2719:
2672:and heather moors such as the
2066:Table of important crop pests
1345:Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ)
1286:
1163:Calcareous (chalky) brown soil
1083:Land restoration projects for
1030:Poor quality agricultural land
1012:Good quality agricultural land
799:
508:Although rationing during the
435:The Corn Laws and their Repeal
277:The New Horse Hoeing Husbandry
253:dissolution of the monasteries
173:Farming was introduced in the
162:
13:
1:
11250:Alternative Investment Market
11230:London Interbank Offered Rate
11186:List of UK building societies
10232:Economy of the United Kingdom
9674:Royal Agricultural University
9629:National Museum of Rural Life
9137:Meat and Livestock Commission
9053:Müller Milk & Ingredients
8997:Economy of the United Kingdom
8712:American journal of sociology
8617:
8581:Spencer, Aubrey John (1927),
8290:Weaver, Matt (12 June 2006).
8204:Weaver, Matt (12 June 2006).
7420:. 6 July 2008. Archived from
6869:Scottish Agricultural College
6762:. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
6744:. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
6536:. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
6448:. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
6330:Soffe 2003, pp. 225–228.
6227:Soffe 2003, pp. 224–226.
6147:10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00002-9
5476:(Report). UK government. 2023
4277:. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
4136:Why farming matters: Scotland
3739:
3537:
3466:Payments for organic farmers,
3056:Political and advisory bodies
3010:Scottish Agricultural College
2993:Royal Agricultural University
1486:(used for firming the soil),
1395:is a substance that contains
1375:
1104:
1052:
835:
486:Invented in around 1885, the
333:
11465:British Chambers of Commerce
11460:British Bankers' Association
9624:Museum of English Rural Life
9591:British Egg Industry Council
9448:Scottish Crofting Foundation
8921:Postnote, June 2009, No. 336
8757:A History of English Farming
7926:. United Kingdom Legislation
7789:Soffe 2003, pp. 289 and 294.
7086:Scottish Crofting Federation
6433:Soffe 2005, p. 120–122.
6424:Watson and More 1949, p. 553
6415:Watson and More 1949, p. 552
6266:Watson and More 1949, p. 151
6257:Watson and More 1949, p. 145
6177:Watson and More 1949, p. 197
6168:Watson and More 1949, p. 182
6105:Watson and More 1949, p. 173
5113:"Battle against Cholesterol"
4833:Williams et al. 2007, p. 16.
4727:Page 10 in Dewey, P., 2014.
4606:Watson and More 1949, p. 125
4168:Why farming matters: England
3635:In-fighting at the Scottish
3615:2007 Foot-and-mouth epidemic
3510:
3492:
3484:within public procurement".
3478:public procurement in the UK
3442:
3166:Scottish Crofting Federation
3160:Scottish Crofting Federation
3139:
3110:
3018:Downton Agricultural College
2986:
2704:are famous for their sheep.
2692:(which gave its name to the
1887:Broad-leaved crops; cereals
1576:
972:
934:
918:
845:
735:
691:
648:
562:in Ploughing Demonstration,
7:
10353:Chancellor of the Exchequer
10333:Financial Conduct Authority
9174:Institute for Animal Health
8874:The Economic History Review
8866:Agricultural History Review
8729:Agricultural History Review
8520:Agrarian Britain, 1700–1980
7185:. United Kingdom Government
6087:Watson and More 1949, p. 88
5929:Watson and More 1949, p. 97
5920:Watson and More 1949, p. 93
5902:Watson and More 1949, p. 51
5893:Watson and More 1949, p. 49
5875:Watson and More 1949, p. 61
5866:Watson and More 1949, p. 60
5857:Watson and More 1949, p. 59
5785:Soffe 2003, pp. 29–30.
5661:"Soil maps and soil survey"
4718:Williams et al. 2007, p. 8.
4709:Williams et al. 2007, p. 7.
4531:The Economic History Review
4511:Williams et al. 2007, p. 5.
4378:(1975) pp. 123–60 at p 146
4359:Journal of Economic History
4342:The Economic History Review
4286:Overton 2009, "Crop yields"
4174:. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
4158:. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
4142:. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
4126:. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
3670:Economy of Northern Ireland
3646:
3597:Subsidy payments under the
3505:
3191:Tenant Farmers' Association
2779:Other livestock and poultry
2337:Sugar beet, peas and beans
1536:
1187:Cultivated soil, calcareous
1087:will use such information.
901:
676:was passed as the price of
482:Changes in farming practice
10:
11565:
11500:UK Payments Administration
10452:New Imperialism 1830s–1945
10276:Government-owned companies
9665:Universities and colleges
9661:Tenant Farmers Association
9104:Rare Breeds Survival Trust
8731:, Vol. 30, pp. 31–40.
8707:(Ashgate Publishing, 2013)
8545:Soffe, Richard J (2006) ,
8529:Land and Estate Management
8508:The Economics of Enclosure
8172:Retrieved 20 November 2023
7896:Retrieved 19 November 2023
6994:The National Farmers Union
6361:Retrieved 18 November 2023
5884:Watson and More 1949, p. 9
5823:Retrieved 18 November 2021
5776:Watson and More 1949, p. 7
5757:standardsforhighways.co.uk
5742:Retrieved 18 November 2023
5615:soils.environment.gov.scot
5500:Retrieved 18 November 2023
5446:"Agri-climate report 2022"
5274:Retrieved 19 November 2023
4852:Set-aside, an introduction
4641:Spencer 1927, p. 3–4.
4454:Hammond J.L. and Barbara,
4433:section 15 of the 1773 act
4406:Retrieved 21 December 2023
4376:The Economics of Enclosure
4120:Why farming matters: Wales
3519:
3410:
3277:
3273:
3030:Writtle University College
2942:
2832:
2594:
2579:Actions prohibited by the
2057:Identification of UK pests
2033:Annual broad-leaved weeds
1681:Upland and hill grassland
1558:
1552:
1497:Reaping is the process of
1456:
1406:
1195:Permanent pasture, lowland
1097:
880:
868:within the control of the
862:
702:Common Agricultural Policy
585:
457:
438:
399:
355:special acts of Parliament
342:
338:
298:
263:Charles Viscount Townshend
251:in 1531, he set about the
207:open-field farming systems
166:
157:
142:
115:is a major crop in the UK.
47:uses 69% of the country's
11508:
11443:
11260:
11159:
11024:
11017:
10933:
10863:
10790:
10765:
10613:
10602:
10575:National champions policy
10570:Recessions and recoveries
10547:
10487:1979 Winter of Discontent
10422:1659–1849 Navigation Acts
10414:
10405:
10397:UK Trade & Investment
10306:Monetary Policy Committee
10284:
10238:
10182:
10134:
10096:
9838:
9782:
9726:
9693:
9586:
9541:
9521:
9483:
9475:Scotland Food & Drink
9421:
9369:
9337:
9224:
9217:
9194:Rights of way in Scotland
9112:
9086:
9010:
8992:
8686:(2003), pp. 270–285.
8563:Soffe, Richard J (2005),
8547:The Agricultural Notebook
7744:. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
7515:DEFRA (21 January 2014).
7505:website 31 December 2011.
6685:. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
6636:Cattle movement reporting
6206:10.1017/S0021859614000331
4424:section 2 of the 1773 act
4415:section 1 of the 1773 act
4304:. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
3922:DEFRA 2009, p. 13–14
3543:crofters governed by the
3451:
3261:In England and Wales the
3248:Current and recent issues
2893:, must also be notified.
1387:
1355:World Health Organization
1300:
1203:Permanent pasture, upland
1071:Purpose of classification
956:Areas in agricultural use
10512:2009 bank rescue package
10507:2008 bank rescue package
10472:1929–39 Great Depression
10343:HM Revenue & Customs
10251:Employee-owned companies
9679:Scotland's Rural College
8836:Food in Medieval England
8814:40.8 (2013): 3309–3325.
8679:(1995), pp. 25–121.
8640:(2014); vol 1 pp 96–116.
8599:Williams, James (2007),
8565:The Countryside Notebook
7716:Organic Review Published
7183:committees.parliament.uk
7032:"Find out about the NFU"
5977:Nitrate Vulnerable Zones
5944:defrafarming.blog.gov.uk
5753:"Standards For Highways"
3700:
3435:than conventional, more
3045:Scotland's Rural College
2233:Psylliodes chrysocephala
2228:Cabbage stem flea beetle
2092:Cereals, forage grasses
2051:
1548:
1465:Haymaking near Greenham.
1359:Nitrate Vulnerable Zones
941:Agri-climate Report 2022
892:
821:colonies worldwide, and
815:colony collapse disorder
525:Inter-War trade policies
10680:List of counties by GVA
10462:1873–79 Long Depression
10427:Agricultural Revolution
10392:UK Statistics Authority
9596:British Poultry Council
9558:Farmers' Union of Wales
9386:Agriculture in Cheshire
9229:Agricultural Revolution
8877:, quarterly since 1927.
8869:, quarterly since 1953.
8741:Martins, Susanna Wade.
8703:Hoyle, Richard W., ed.
8238:Williams, Christopher.
7874:www.soilassociation.org
7798:Nix et al. 1999, p. 192
7565:Nix et al. 1999, p. 108
7532:"The Value of Shooting"
7499:CAP reform consultation
7465:Nix et al. 1999, p. 187
6601:"How turkey farms work"
6523:Britishwildboar.co.uk:
5426:(Report). UK Government
4993:. Food Standards Agency
4857:3 December 2010 at the
4760:Diet for a large planet
4687:Diet for a large planet
4559:Encyclopædia Britannica
3660:Agriculture in Scotland
3576:1990 Beef-eating Gummer
3100:Farmers' Union of Wales
3094:Farmers' Union of Wales
3036:is in Gloucestershire.
2964:Animal Welfare Act 2006
2863:swine vesicular disease
2652:. The once-widespread
2362:Heterodera goettingiana
2302:Scutigerella immaculata
2166:Globodera rostochiensis
1341:nitrogenate the soil.
1093:
950:
663:Ministry of Agriculture
465:Prices and productivity
232:Laxton, Nottinghamshire
145:Agriculture in Scotland
11490:Institute of Directors
11455:Business organisations
11380:Science and technology
11273:International students
10985:Working Time Directive
10358:Debt Management Office
9881:Bosnia and Herzegovina
9616:James Hutton Institute
9606:Fresh Start Initiative
9279:Highland Potato Famine
8752:(2nd ed. 1995), passim
8658:#141, pp. 38–105.
8443:, 2009, archived from
7549:"The Ten Times Appeal"
7440:Renewable Fuels Agency
7418:Renewable Fuels Agency
7362:Nix et al. 1999, p. 80
7353:Nix et al. 1999, p. 78
7209:www.unitetheunion.org/
4974:Retrieved 8 June 2012.
4964:18 August 2012 at the
4948:Retrieved 8 June 2012.
4927:Retrieved 8 June 2012.
4597:by Chartres and Perren
4494:. London: Allen Lane.
3653:Agriculture in England
3599:Single Payments Scheme
3530:
3476:It is an objective of
3367:
3295:
3117:National Farmers Union
2997:agricultural education
2956:
2908:
2843:foot-and-mouth disease
2731:
2706:Sheep farming in Wales
2625:
2492:Stem and bulb nematode
1794:Dove's-foot cranesbill
1661:Alopecurus myosuroides
1573:
1466:
1429:
1314:
1113:) to remain fertile.
986:
841:Government departments
667:National Farmers Union
621:
601:
567:
396:Enclosures in Scotland
314:
265:
202:
194:
116:
41:
11485:Industry trade groups
11245:London Stock Exchange
11235:London Metal Exchange
11002:Trades Union Congress
10695:East London Tech City
10539:Cost-of-living crisis
10477:1948–52 Marshall Plan
10432:Industrial Revolution
9833:Agriculture in Europe
9573:Ulster Farmers' Union
9391:Agriculture in London
9209:Single Payment Scheme
9199:Rural Payments Agency
9184:Quality Meat Scotland
8745:(Windgather Pr, 2004)
8651:49.4 (1975): 653–661.
8518:Mason, Simon (1984),
7721:24 April 2012 at the
7711:Food Standards Agency
7501:, retrieved from the
7283:. Scottish Government
6977:26 April 2012 at the
6532:21 April 2011 at the
5364:www.niassembly.gov.uk
4758:Otter, Chris (2020).
4685:Otter, Chris (2020).
4058:. Coventry University
3803:"Chapter 4: Accounts"
3603:Rural Payments Agency
3582:BSE "mad cow disease"
3580:At the height of the
3527:
3432:Food Standards Agency
3362:
3287:
3203:Ulster Farmers' Union
3197:Ulster Farmers' Union
2952:
2899:
2871:bovine leukemia virus
2727:
2621:
2559:Oryctolagus cuniculus
2523:Ryegrass mosaic virus
2187:Deroceras reticulatum
2156:Potatoes, sugar beet
1892:Mouse-eared chickweed
1752:Chrysanthemum segetum
1568:
1464:
1420:
1333:Nitrogen-fixing crops
1308:
980:
704:and the value of the
618:
595:
586:Further information:
557:
534:system favouring the
308:
261:
200:
192:
167:Further information:
143:Further information:
111:
35:
11279:Entertainment &
10502:Late-2000s recession
10497:1992 Black Wednesday
10437:Financial Revolution
10266:FTSE Fledgling Index
9323:Women's Land Army -
9234:British timber trade
9043:Frontier Agriculture
8897:King, Richard (ed):
8649:Agricultural History
8043:"Small landholdings"
7400:19 July 2011 at the
7158:Ulster Farmers Union
7011:www.nfu-cymru.org.uk
6723:20 June 2010 at the
4944:24 December 2012 at
4923:12 June 2012 at the
4652:Agricultural history
4490:Devine, T M (2018).
4481:, pp. 146, 156.
4236:Internet Archaeology
3665:Agriculture in Wales
3563:1988 Eggs and Currie
3558:Scandals and mishaps
3550:Notable smallholder
3424:genetic modification
3372:Agriculture Act 1986
3126:Agriculture Act 1947
2539:Clover stem nematode
2467:Cavariella aegopodii
2347:Heterodera schachtii
2317:Chaetocnema concinna
2161:Potato cyst nematode
2131:Cereal cyst nematode
1912:Polygonum persicaria
1646:Polygonum persicaria
1263:and allowing to lie
710:Agriculture Act 1986
655:Agriculture Act 1947
582:The Second World War
445:Anti–Corn Law League
422:Depression 1815–1836
149:Agriculture in Wales
10975:Equal opportunities
10580:Economic liberalism
10482:1974 Three-Day Week
10467:1926 general strike
10271:FTSE SmallCap Index
10097:States with limited
9646:Rothamsted Research
9470:Royal Highland Show
9370:Nations and regions
9274:Highland Clearances
9269:Haughley Experiment
8789:The vital century:
8714:(1994): 1559–1595.
8661:Clapham, Sir John.
8244:www.theregister.com
7834:Soffe 2005, p. 183.
7807:Soffe 2003, p. 289.
7456:Soffe 2003, p. 129.
6823:Soffe 2003, p. 438.
6814:Soffe 2003, p. 431.
6805:Soffe 2003, p. 562.
6792:on 3 December 2010.
6667:Soffe 2003, p. 576.
6652:Livestock movements
6590:Soffe 2005, p. 139.
6581:Soffe 2005, p. 138.
6572:Soffe 2005, p. 137.
6563:Soffe 2005, p. 136.
6554:Soffe 2005, p. 135.
6545:Soffe 2005, p. 133.
6496:Soffe 2005, p. 134.
6487:Soffe 2005, p. 131.
6475:Soffe 2005, p. 127.
6466:Soffe 2005, p. 124.
6457:Soffe 2005, p. 126.
6406:Soffe 2005, p. 120.
6275:Soffe 2005, p. 148.
6139:2003AgFM..116..181H
5339:www.parliament.scot
5314:www.parliament.scot
4908:Soffe 2005, p. 147.
4895:21 May 2011 at the
4876:21 May 2011 at the
4842:Soffe 2003, p. 558.
4553:"Agriculture"
4445:, pp. 128–144.
4361:32.1 (1972): 15–35
3637:Crofting Commission
3625:Pirbright Institute
3034:Hartpury University
3016:opened his private
3012:in 1990. Professor
2851:bovine tuberculosis
2544:Ditylenchus dipsaci
2526:Spread by the mite
2497:Ditylenchus dipsaci
2462:Willow-carrot aphid
2392:Acyrthosiphum pisum
2372:Pea and bean weevil
2259:Cabbage caterpillar
2067:
2028:Annual grass weeds
1963:Broad-leaved crops
1948:Broad-leaved crops
1917:Broad-leaved crops
1865:Broad-leaved crops
1860:Polygonum aviculare
1845:Reynoutria japonica
1835:Broad-leaved crops
1819:Broad-leaved crops
1804:Broad-leaved crops
1742:Broad-leaved crops
1727:Broad-leaved crops
1712:Broad-leaved crops
1676:Pteridium aquilinum
1651:Broad-leaved crops
1611:
1250:Traditional farming
925:Single Farm Payment
532:imperial preference
495:The First World War
406:Highland Clearances
139:Regional variations
11390:Telecommunications
10555:Economic geography
9284:Lowland Clearances
8951:, official website
8945:, official website
8925:"Crop Protection".
8880:King, Jane (ed.):
8826:(Routledge, 2018).
8822:Tichelar, Michael.
8803:Thirsk, Joan, ed.
8693:(Heinemann, 1961).
8656:Past & Present
8527:Nix, Hill (1999),
8450:on 23 January 2013
8391:on 6 November 2009
8125:. 26 December 2001
8099:. 30 November 2012
7988:. 7 September 2023
7424:on 4 October 2010.
6925:. 16 November 2023
6832:Soffe 2003, p. 44.
6607:. 6 February 2007.
5981:Environment Agency
5693:. 5 September 2023
5667:. 26 November 2015
4394:, pp. 149–50.
4374:Donald McCloskey,
4206:Bronze Age Britain
3569:Salmonella In Eggs
3531:
3368:
3316:Biofuels Directive
3296:
3225:, from the former
2957:
2909:
2867:Aujeszky's disease
2749:British Saddleback
2732:
2686:Scottish Highlands
2626:
2342:Beet cyst nematode
2146:Peach-potato aphid
2121:Rhopalosiphum padi
2065:
1897:Cerastium fontanum
1631:Anisantha sterilis
1609:
1604:dinitrobutylphenol
1600:dinitroorthocresol
1574:
1503:Combine harvesters
1467:
1430:
1315:
1231:. There is also a
987:
817:(CCD), wiping out
728:and resulted from
698:European Community
622:
602:
568:
471:American Civil War
410:Lowland Clearances
388:and freeholders).
367:Inclosure Act 1773
315:
289:four-crop rotation
266:
203:
195:
117:
42:
11536:
11535:
11439:
11438:
11218:Lloyd's of London
10929:
10928:
10901:Industrialisation
10815:Industrialisation
10598:
10597:
10527:COVID-19 pandemic
10447:1815–46 Corn Laws
10198:
10197:
9800:
9799:
9689:
9688:
9537:
9536:
9365:
9364:
9289:Napier Commission
8793:(1992) pp. 39–92.
8700:(2004) pp 96–116.
8610:978-1-4057-1797-7
8574:978-1-4051-1231-4
8556:978-0-632-05829-7
8538:978-1-85341-111-3
8503:McCloskey, Donald
8490:on 30 August 2011
8185:. 24 January 2006
7623:on 16 March 2011;
7593:DEFRA 2004, p. 14
7389:Williams, Fiona:
7036:www.nfuonline.com
6881:Carrie de Silva,
6786:ukagriculture.com
6442:The Cattle Site,
6059:www.farminguk.com
5636:"Planning Series"
5419:(November 2020).
5405:. 11 August 2016.
5047:DEFRA 2011, p. 3.
4769:978-0-226-69710-9
4696:978-0-226-69710-9
4675:(2), pp. 173–190.
4500:978-0-241-30410-5
4348:(3), pp. 779–809.
4216:978-0-7134-8849-4
4015:DEFRA 2009, p. 21
3934:DEFRA 2009, p. 16
3437:intensive farming
3253:Barriers to entry
3240:, and two to the
3132:Regional grouping
2591:Livestock farming
2585:1 & 2 Will. 4
2568:
2567:
2357:Pea cyst nematode
2136:Heterodera avenae
2040:Use of pesticides
2037:
2036:
2013:
2012:
2004:Avena ludoviciana
1958:Spergula arvensis
1840:Japanese knotweed
1814:Chenopodium album
1413:Vegetable farming
1218:
1217:
1085:contaminated land
1041:England and Wales
824:varroa destructor
753:Livestock farming
634:Women's Land Army
600:cornfield in 1942
384:ths of the land (
53:gross value added
38:combine harvester
16:(Redirected from
11556:
11526:
11525:
11516:
11515:
11475:Co-operatives UK
11065:Hydroelectricity
11040:Renewable energy
11022:
11021:
10906:Renewable energy
10887:
10835:Renewable energy
10623:Atlantic Gateway
10611:
10610:
10442:Panic of 1796–97
10412:
10411:
10225:
10218:
10211:
10202:
10201:
10135:Dependencies and
9839:Sovereign states
9827:
9820:
9813:
9804:
9803:
9790:
9789:
9656:Soil Association
9548:
9547:
9542:Non-governmental
9522:Northern Ireland
9503:Royal Welsh Show
9374:
9373:
9222:
9221:
9154:The Country Code
9099:Hedgerow removal
9028:Bernard Matthews
8979:
8972:
8965:
8956:
8955:
8849:Clapp, B.W. ed.
8613:
8595:
8586:
8577:
8559:
8541:
8523:
8514:
8513:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8489:
8483:, archived from
8478:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8449:
8438:
8427:
8422:
8420:
8411:
8406:The Curry Report
8399:
8398:
8396:
8390:
8384:, archived from
8379:
8353:
8347:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8336:
8321:
8315:
8314:
8312:
8310:
8287:
8281:
8280:
8278:
8276:
8261:
8255:
8254:
8252:
8250:
8235:
8229:
8228:
8226:
8224:
8201:
8195:
8194:
8192:
8190:
8179:
8173:
8166:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8155:
8141:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8130:
8115:
8109:
8108:
8106:
8104:
8089:
8083:
8082:
8080:
8078:
8064:
8058:
8057:
8055:
8053:
8039:
8033:
8032:
8030:
8028:
8013:
8007:
8004:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7978:
7972:
7969:
7963:
7960:
7954:
7953:Curry 2008, p. 4
7951:
7945:
7944:Curry 2008, p. 3
7942:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7931:
7920:
7914:
7903:
7897:
7891:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7880:
7866:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7855:
7841:
7835:
7832:
7826:
7814:
7808:
7805:
7799:
7796:
7790:
7787:
7781:
7769:
7763:
7754:Soil Association
7751:
7745:
7741:What is Organic?
7736:Soil Association
7733:
7727:
7708:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7697:
7692:. 7 October 2022
7682:
7676:
7675:
7673:
7671:
7656:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7645:
7634:
7628:
7624:
7619:. Archived from
7609:
7603:
7600:
7594:
7591:
7585:
7572:
7566:
7563:
7557:
7556:
7545:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7512:
7506:
7496:
7490:
7484:
7478:
7472:
7466:
7463:
7457:
7454:
7448:
7447:
7446:on 21 July 2010.
7436:"About the RTFO"
7432:
7426:
7425:
7410:
7404:
7387:
7381:
7378:
7372:
7369:
7363:
7360:
7354:
7351:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7340:
7325:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7314:
7299:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7288:
7277:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7252:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7226:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7201:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7175:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7164:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7138:
7128:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7117:
7103:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7092:
7078:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7067:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7042:
7028:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7017:
7003:
6997:
6991:
6982:
6969:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6955:
6941:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6930:
6915:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6904:
6894:
6888:
6879:
6873:
6861:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6850:
6842:Andrews, James.
6839:
6833:
6830:
6824:
6821:
6815:
6812:
6806:
6803:
6794:
6793:
6788:. Archived from
6778:
6772:
6769:
6763:
6751:
6745:
6735:
6729:
6710:
6704:
6692:
6686:
6674:
6668:
6665:
6659:
6649:
6643:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6615:
6609:
6608:
6597:
6591:
6588:
6582:
6579:
6573:
6570:
6564:
6561:
6555:
6552:
6546:
6543:
6537:
6521:
6515:
6514:
6503:
6497:
6494:
6488:
6485:
6476:
6473:
6467:
6464:
6458:
6455:
6449:
6440:
6434:
6431:
6425:
6422:
6416:
6413:
6407:
6404:
6398:
6395:
6389:
6386:
6380:
6377:
6371:
6368:
6362:
6355:
6349:
6346:
6340:
6337:
6331:
6328:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6303:
6297:
6294:
6288:
6285:About pesticides
6282:
6276:
6273:
6267:
6264:
6258:
6255:
6249:
6248:POST 2009, p. 4.
6246:
6237:
6236:POST 2009, p. 1.
6234:
6228:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6208:
6184:
6178:
6175:
6169:
6166:
6160:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6124:
6115:
6106:
6103:
6097:
6094:
6088:
6085:
6079:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6025:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
5999:
5993:
5990:
5984:
5974:
5968:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5921:
5918:
5912:
5909:
5903:
5900:
5894:
5891:
5885:
5882:
5876:
5873:
5867:
5864:
5858:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5838:www.claire.co.uk
5830:
5824:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5792:
5786:
5783:
5777:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5749:
5743:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5632:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5582:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5532:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5507:
5501:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5475:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5425:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5281:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5194:
5188:
5180:
5174:
5171:
5165:
5162:
5156:
5153:
5147:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5115:. Archived from
5109:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5092:faostat3.fao.org
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5064:. Archived from
5054:
5048:
5045:
5039:
5038:DEFRA 2009, p. 6
5036:
5030:
5029:DEFRA 2009, p. 3
5027:
5021:
5020:DEFRA 2009, p. 1
5018:
5012:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4984:
4975:
4955:
4949:
4934:
4928:
4915:
4909:
4906:
4900:
4887:
4881:
4868:
4862:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4834:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4798:
4792:
4786:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4755:
4749:
4738:
4732:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4682:
4676:
4665:
4659:
4658:(3), pp. 81–104.
4648:
4642:
4639:
4633:
4626:
4620:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4598:
4587:
4581:
4580:, pp. 1860–1939.
4570:
4564:
4563:
4555:
4544:
4538:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4503:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4452:
4446:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4416:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4372:
4366:
4355:
4349:
4338:
4332:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4305:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4278:
4269:
4263:
4258:Clark, Gregory:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:10.11141/ia.61.5
4227:
4221:
4220:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4181:
4175:
4165:
4159:
4149:
4143:
4133:
4127:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4056:La Via Campasina
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3923:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3895:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3749:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3690:English land law
3428:Soil Association
3320:Gallagher Review
2741:British Landrace
2729:Large Black pigs
2631:British Friesian
2597:Pastoral farming
2529:Abacarus hystrix
2327:Black bean aphid
2312:Beet flea beetle
2202:Columba palumbus
2068:
2064:
2023:Perennial weeds
2015:
2014:
1999:Winter wild oats
1943:Veronica persica
1767:Elytrigia repens
1707:Sinapis arvensis
1612:
1608:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1366:Welsh Government
1155:Sandy heath land
1142:
1141:
1062:Northern Ireland
911:Northern Ireland
775:Northern Ireland
606:Second World War
383:
382:
378:
281:Charles Townsend
104:Current overview
21:
11564:
11563:
11559:
11558:
11557:
11555:
11554:
11553:
11539:
11538:
11537:
11532:
11504:
11447:
11445:
11435:
11343:Pharmaceuticals
11256:
11171:Baltic Exchange
11162:
11155:
11027:
11013:
10935:
10925:
10881:
10859:
10786:
10768:
10761:
10606:
10604:
10594:
10590:Nationalisation
10543:
10401:
10296:Bank of England
10288:
10286:
10280:
10234:
10229:
10199:
10194:
10178:
10136:
10130:
10116:Northern Cyprus
10098:
10092:
10013:North Macedonia
9834:
9831:
9801:
9796:
9778:
9742:Clarkson's Farm
9722:
9685:
9582:
9543:
9533:
9517:
9479:
9417:
9361:
9333:
9213:
9189:Natural England
9114:
9108:
9082:
9078:Vestey Holdings
9073:Saputo Dairy UK
9006:
8988:
8983:
8933:
8928:
8860:
8846:
8844:Primary sources
8841:
8830:
8796:Taylor, David.
8772:Overton, Mark:
8765:Overton, Mark.
8734:Langdon, John.
8720:Kussmaul, Ann.
8675:Daunton, M. J.
8668:Coleman, D. C.
8665:(1949), passim.
8620:
8611:
8575:
8557:
8539:
8511:
8493:
8491:
8487:
8476:
8470:
8465:Wayback Machine
8453:
8451:
8447:
8436:
8430:
8418:
8416:
8409:
8394:
8392:
8388:
8377:
8366:
8361:
8359:Further reading
8356:
8348:
8344:
8334:
8332:
8330:Personnel Today
8322:
8318:
8308:
8306:
8288:
8284:
8274:
8272:
8263:
8262:
8258:
8248:
8246:
8236:
8232:
8222:
8220:
8202:
8198:
8188:
8186:
8181:
8180:
8176:
8167:
8163:
8153:
8151:
8143:
8142:
8138:
8128:
8126:
8117:
8116:
8112:
8102:
8100:
8091:
8090:
8086:
8076:
8074:
8066:
8065:
8061:
8051:
8049:
8041:
8040:
8036:
8026:
8024:
8015:
8014:
8010:
8005:
8001:
7991:
7989:
7980:
7979:
7975:
7970:
7966:
7961:
7957:
7952:
7948:
7943:
7939:
7929:
7927:
7922:
7921:
7917:
7904:
7900:
7892:
7888:
7878:
7876:
7868:
7867:
7863:
7853:
7851:
7843:
7842:
7838:
7833:
7829:
7822:Organic Farming
7815:
7811:
7806:
7802:
7797:
7793:
7788:
7784:
7770:
7766:
7752:
7748:
7734:
7730:
7723:Wayback Machine
7709:
7705:
7695:
7693:
7684:
7683:
7679:
7669:
7667:
7658:
7657:
7653:
7643:
7641:
7640:. 3 August 2005
7636:
7635:
7631:
7611:
7610:
7606:
7601:
7597:
7592:
7588:
7573:
7569:
7564:
7560:
7547:
7546:
7542:
7534:
7528:
7524:
7513:
7509:
7497:
7493:
7485:
7481:
7473:
7469:
7464:
7460:
7455:
7451:
7434:
7433:
7429:
7412:
7411:
7407:
7402:Wayback Machine
7388:
7384:
7379:
7375:
7370:
7366:
7361:
7357:
7352:
7348:
7338:
7336:
7327:
7326:
7322:
7312:
7310:
7301:
7300:
7296:
7286:
7284:
7279:
7278:
7274:
7264:
7262:
7254:
7253:
7249:
7239:
7237:
7227:
7223:
7213:
7211:
7203:
7202:
7198:
7188:
7186:
7177:
7176:
7172:
7162:
7160:
7150:
7146:
7136:
7134:
7130:
7129:
7125:
7115:
7113:
7105:
7104:
7100:
7090:
7088:
7082:"Crofting Home"
7080:
7079:
7075:
7065:
7063:
7061:www.nfus.org.uk
7055:
7054:
7050:
7040:
7038:
7030:
7029:
7025:
7015:
7013:
7005:
7004:
7000:
6992:
6985:
6979:Wayback Machine
6970:
6963:
6953:
6951:
6943:
6942:
6938:
6928:
6926:
6917:
6916:
6912:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6895:
6891:
6880:
6876:
6864:The Independent
6862:
6858:
6848:
6846:
6840:
6836:
6831:
6827:
6822:
6818:
6813:
6809:
6804:
6797:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6770:
6766:
6752:
6748:
6736:
6732:
6725:Wayback Machine
6711:
6707:
6693:
6689:
6675:
6671:
6666:
6662:
6650:
6646:
6634:
6630:
6617:
6616:
6612:
6599:
6598:
6594:
6589:
6585:
6580:
6576:
6571:
6567:
6562:
6558:
6553:
6549:
6544:
6540:
6534:Wayback Machine
6522:
6518:
6505:
6504:
6500:
6495:
6491:
6486:
6479:
6474:
6470:
6465:
6461:
6456:
6452:
6441:
6437:
6432:
6428:
6423:
6419:
6414:
6410:
6405:
6401:
6396:
6392:
6387:
6383:
6378:
6374:
6369:
6365:
6356:
6352:
6347:
6343:
6338:
6334:
6329:
6325:
6315:
6313:
6305:
6304:
6300:
6295:
6291:
6283:
6279:
6274:
6270:
6265:
6261:
6256:
6252:
6247:
6240:
6235:
6231:
6226:
6222:
6185:
6181:
6176:
6172:
6167:
6163:
6158:
6154:
6133:(3–4): 181–96.
6122:
6116:
6109:
6104:
6100:
6095:
6091:
6086:
6082:
6077:
6073:
6063:
6061:
6053:
6052:
6048:
6038:
6036:
6027:
6026:
6022:
6012:
6010:
6001:
6000:
5996:
5991:
5987:
5975:
5971:
5963:
5959:
5949:
5947:
5938:
5937:
5933:
5928:
5924:
5919:
5915:
5910:
5906:
5901:
5897:
5892:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5874:
5870:
5865:
5861:
5856:
5852:
5842:
5840:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5819:
5815:
5805:
5803:
5794:
5793:
5789:
5784:
5780:
5775:
5771:
5761:
5759:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5735:
5731:
5721:
5719:
5711:
5710:
5706:
5696:
5694:
5685:
5684:
5680:
5670:
5668:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5644:
5642:
5634:
5633:
5629:
5619:
5617:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5594:
5592:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5569:
5567:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5544:
5542:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5519:
5517:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5493:
5489:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5454:
5452:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5414:
5410:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5368:
5366:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5343:
5341:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5318:
5316:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5293:
5291:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5270:
5266:
5256:
5254:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5231:
5229:
5221:
5220:
5216:
5206:
5204:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5181:
5177:
5172:
5168:
5163:
5159:
5154:
5150:
5136:
5132:
5122:
5120:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5096:
5094:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5071:
5069:
5068:on 13 July 2011
5062:faostat.fao.org
5056:
5055:
5051:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5006:
4996:
4994:
4985:
4978:
4966:Wayback Machine
4956:
4952:
4935:
4931:
4925:Wayback Machine
4916:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4897:Wayback Machine
4888:
4884:
4878:Wayback Machine
4869:
4865:
4859:Wayback Machine
4850:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4823:
4819:
4814:
4810:
4805:
4801:
4793:
4789:
4781:
4777:
4770:
4756:
4752:
4748:(1), pp. 66–76.
4739:
4735:
4726:
4722:
4717:
4713:
4708:
4704:
4697:
4683:
4679:
4666:
4662:
4649:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4627:
4623:
4614:
4610:
4605:
4601:
4588:
4584:
4571:
4567:
4545:
4541:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4489:
4485:
4477:
4473:
4469:, pp. 146.
4465:
4461:
4453:
4449:
4441:
4437:
4432:
4428:
4423:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4402:
4398:
4390:
4386:
4373:
4369:
4356:
4352:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4308:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4270:
4266:
4257:
4253:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4201:
4197:
4182:
4178:
4166:
4162:
4150:
4146:
4134:
4130:
4118:
4114:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4086:
4084:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4048:
4044:
4034:
4032:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3961:
3957:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3649:
3633:
3617:
3608:Farmers' Weekly
3595:
3589:offal in 1989.
3578:
3565:
3560:
3540:
3522:
3513:
3508:
3495:
3490:
3482:value for money
3474:
3454:
3445:
3420:
3415:
3413:Organic farming
3409:
3407:Organic farming
3389:
3387:Diversification
3357:
3312:energy security
3282:
3276:
3255:
3250:
3216:is the biggest
3214:Unite the Union
3211:
3209:Unite the Union
3199:
3187:
3178:
3162:
3151:
3142:
3134:
3113:
3108:
3096:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3058:
3026:
3001:Writtle College
2989:
2984:
2972:free range eggs
2947:
2941:
2835:
2822:
2781:
2722:
2666:
2635:Dairy Shorthorn
2616:
2599:
2593:
2573:
2534:Forage grasses
2518:Forage grasses
2442:Peas and beans
2427:Peas and beans
2422:Contarinia pisi
2412:Peas and beans
2407:Cydia nigricana
2397:Peas and beans
2382:Peas and beans
2377:Sitona lineatus
2367:Peas and beans
2117:Sitobion avenae
2102:Delia coarctata
2077:Crops affected
2059:
2054:
2042:
2009:Winter cereals
1994:Spring cereals
1722:Stellaria media
1666:Winter cereals
1621:Crops affected
1592:copper chloride
1588:sodium chlorate
1584:copper sulphate
1579:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1539:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1459:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1415:
1407:Main articles:
1405:
1390:
1378:
1347:
1335:
1303:
1294:
1289:
1252:
1242:(2000) and its
1225:
1124:
1122:Soil in Britain
1107:
1102:
1096:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1047:Natural England
1043:
996:
975:
970:
958:
953:
937:
921:
913:
904:
895:
883:
878:
865:
848:
843:
838:
811:
802:
796:in that year.
755:
743:
738:
694:
651:
646:
626:victory gardens
590:
584:
544:
527:
510:First World War
506:
497:
484:
467:
462:
456:
447:
439:Main articles:
437:
424:
412:
400:Main articles:
398:
380:
376:
375:
347:
341:
336:
303:
297:
245:King Henry VIII
241:
171:
165:
160:
151:
141:
106:
94:energy security
78:organic farming
28:
23:
22:
18:British farming
15:
12:
11:
5:
11562:
11552:
11551:
11534:
11533:
11531:
11530:
11520:
11509:
11506:
11505:
11503:
11502:
11497:
11492:
11487:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11451:
11449:
11441:
11440:
11437:
11436:
11434:
11433:
11432:
11431:
11430:
11429:
11424:
11414:
11404:
11399:
11394:
11393:
11392:
11387:
11377:
11376:
11375:
11370:
11365:
11360:
11352:
11351:
11350:
11345:
11340:
11335:
11325:
11323:Legal services
11320:
11315:
11314:
11313:
11308:
11303:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11277:
11276:
11275:
11264:
11262:
11258:
11257:
11255:
11254:
11253:
11252:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11227:
11222:
11221:
11220:
11210:
11205:
11203:Euronext.liffe
11200:
11195:
11190:
11189:
11188:
11183:
11173:
11167:
11165:
11157:
11156:
11154:
11153:
11152:
11151:
11146:
11138:
11137:
11136:
11135:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11116:
11115:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11089:
11088:
11087:
11082:
11077:
11072:
11067:
11062:
11057:
11052:
11047:
11032:
11030:
11019:
11015:
11014:
11012:
11011:
11006:
11005:
11004:
10994:
10989:
10988:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10967:
10966:
10965:
10955:
10950:
10948:Businesspeople
10945:
10939:
10937:
10931:
10930:
10927:
10926:
10924:
10923:
10918:
10913:
10908:
10903:
10898:
10893:
10888:
10875:
10869:
10867:
10861:
10860:
10858:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10796:
10794:
10788:
10787:
10785:
10784:
10779:
10773:
10771:
10763:
10762:
10760:
10759:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10742:Thames Gateway
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10703:
10702:
10697:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10657:
10652:
10647:
10642:
10637:
10636:
10635:
10625:
10619:
10617:
10608:
10600:
10599:
10596:
10595:
10593:
10592:
10587:
10582:
10577:
10572:
10567:
10562:
10557:
10551:
10549:
10545:
10544:
10542:
10541:
10536:
10535:
10534:
10524:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10418:
10416:
10409:
10403:
10402:
10400:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10383:
10382:
10377:
10370:Pound sterling
10367:
10362:
10361:
10360:
10355:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10309:
10308:
10303:
10292:
10290:
10282:
10281:
10279:
10278:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10261:FTSE 250 Index
10258:
10256:FTSE 100 Index
10253:
10248:
10242:
10240:
10236:
10235:
10228:
10227:
10220:
10213:
10205:
10196:
10195:
10193:
10192:
10190:European Union
10186:
10184:
10183:Other entities
10180:
10179:
10177:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10140:
10138:
10137:other entities
10132:
10131:
10129:
10128:
10123:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10102:
10100:
10094:
10093:
10091:
10090:
10088:United Kingdom
10085:
10080:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9953:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9901:Czech Republic
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9842:
9840:
9836:
9835:
9830:
9829:
9822:
9815:
9807:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9794:
9783:
9780:
9779:
9777:
9776:
9771:
9764:
9761:Farmers Weekly
9757:
9752:
9745:
9738:
9730:
9728:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9709:
9708:
9697:
9695:
9691:
9690:
9687:
9686:
9684:
9683:
9682:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9632:
9631:
9626:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9587:
9584:
9583:
9581:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9554:
9552:
9545:
9539:
9538:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9531:
9525:
9523:
9519:
9518:
9516:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9489:
9487:
9481:
9480:
9478:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9451:
9450:
9440:
9439:
9438:
9427:
9425:
9419:
9418:
9416:
9415:
9410:
9409:
9408:
9403:
9393:
9388:
9382:
9380:
9371:
9367:
9366:
9363:
9362:
9360:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9343:
9341:
9339:Foot-and-mouth
9335:
9334:
9332:
9331:
9321:
9319:Victory garden
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9225:
9219:
9215:
9214:
9212:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9140:
9139:
9134:
9132:Potato Council
9124:
9118:
9116:
9115:and regulation
9110:
9109:
9107:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9090:
9088:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9063:Norbrook Group
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9033:Faccenda Foods
9030:
9025:
9020:
9018:ADAS (company)
9014:
9012:
9008:
9007:
9005:
9004:
8999:
8993:
8990:
8989:
8982:
8981:
8974:
8967:
8959:
8953:
8952:
8946:
8940:
8932:
8931:External links
8929:
8927:
8926:
8913:
8895:
8883:Farmers Weekly
8878:
8870:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8855:
8854:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8839:
8828:
8827:
8819:
8818:
8808:
8801:
8794:
8783:
8770:
8763:
8759:(1949), 153pp
8753:
8746:
8739:
8732:
8725:
8718:
8708:
8701:
8694:
8687:
8680:
8673:
8666:
8659:
8652:
8644:
8643:
8642:
8641:
8627:
8619:
8616:
8615:
8614:
8609:
8596:
8587:
8578:
8573:
8560:
8555:
8542:
8537:
8524:
8515:
8499:
8468:
8428:
8400:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8354:
8342:
8316:
8282:
8271:. 12 June 2006
8269:Farmers Weekly
8256:
8230:
8196:
8174:
8161:
8149:news.bbc.co.uk
8136:
8110:
8084:
8059:
8034:
8023:. 17 July 2023
8008:
7999:
7973:
7964:
7955:
7946:
7937:
7915:
7898:
7886:
7861:
7836:
7827:
7809:
7800:
7791:
7782:
7764:
7746:
7728:
7703:
7677:
7651:
7629:
7604:
7595:
7586:
7567:
7558:
7540:
7522:
7507:
7491:
7479:
7467:
7458:
7449:
7427:
7405:
7382:
7373:
7364:
7355:
7346:
7320:
7294:
7272:
7247:
7221:
7196:
7170:
7144:
7123:
7098:
7073:
7048:
7023:
6998:
6983:
6961:
6949:www.cla.org.uk
6936:
6910:
6889:
6874:
6856:
6834:
6825:
6816:
6807:
6795:
6773:
6764:
6746:
6730:
6713:Sir David King
6705:
6687:
6669:
6660:
6644:
6628:
6610:
6592:
6583:
6574:
6565:
6556:
6547:
6538:
6516:
6498:
6489:
6477:
6468:
6459:
6450:
6435:
6426:
6417:
6408:
6399:
6390:
6381:
6372:
6363:
6350:
6341:
6332:
6323:
6298:
6289:
6277:
6268:
6259:
6250:
6238:
6229:
6220:
6199:(3): 385–398.
6179:
6170:
6161:
6152:
6107:
6098:
6089:
6080:
6071:
6046:
6020:
5994:
5985:
5969:
5957:
5931:
5922:
5913:
5904:
5895:
5886:
5877:
5868:
5859:
5850:
5825:
5813:
5802:. 14 June 2018
5787:
5778:
5769:
5744:
5729:
5704:
5678:
5652:
5627:
5602:
5577:
5552:
5527:
5502:
5487:
5462:
5437:
5408:
5394:
5391:. 8 July 2019.
5376:
5351:
5326:
5301:
5276:
5264:
5239:
5214:
5189:
5175:
5166:
5157:
5148:
5130:
5104:
5079:
5049:
5040:
5031:
5022:
5013:
5004:
4976:
4950:
4929:
4910:
4901:
4882:
4863:
4844:
4835:
4826:
4817:
4808:
4799:
4787:
4775:
4768:
4750:
4733:
4720:
4711:
4702:
4695:
4677:
4660:
4643:
4634:
4621:
4608:
4599:
4582:
4565:
4550:, ed. (1911).
4548:Chisholm, Hugh
4539:
4522:
4513:
4504:
4483:
4479:McCloskey 1975
4471:
4467:McCloskey 1975
4459:
4447:
4443:McCloskey 1975
4435:
4426:
4417:
4408:
4396:
4392:McCloskey 1975
4384:
4367:
4350:
4333:
4324:
4315:
4306:
4288:
4279:
4271:Tull, Jethro:
4264:
4251:
4222:
4215:
4195:
4176:
4160:
4144:
4128:
4112:
4094:
4069:
4042:
4017:
4008:
3983:
3955:
3936:
3924:
3912:
3887:
3862:
3844:
3819:
3794:
3769:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3715:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3648:
3645:
3641:Audit Scotland
3632:
3629:
3616:
3613:
3594:
3591:
3577:
3574:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:Michael Forbes
3539:
3536:
3521:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3473:
3470:
3453:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3419:
3416:
3411:Main article:
3408:
3405:
3388:
3385:
3356:
3353:
3308:climate change
3304:European Union
3278:Main article:
3275:
3272:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3210:
3207:
3198:
3195:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3161:
3158:
3150:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3095:
3092:
3083:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3054:
3038:Hadlow College
3025:
3022:
3014:John Wrightson
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2960:Animal welfare
2943:Main article:
2940:
2939:Animal welfare
2937:
2834:
2831:
2821:
2818:
2780:
2777:
2721:
2718:
2670:National Parks
2665:
2662:
2654:Beef Shorthorn
2650:Aberdeen Angus
2615:
2614:Cattle farming
2612:
2595:Main article:
2592:
2589:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2549:Clover plants
2547:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2151:Myzus persicae
2147:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2098:
2097:Wheat bulb fly
2094:
2093:
2090:
2087:Oscinella frit
2083:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1933:Wet grassland
1931:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1799:Geranium molle
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1737:Galium aparine
1733:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1642:
1641:Black bindweed
1638:
1637:
1634:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1596:sulphuric acid
1578:
1575:
1570:Common ragwort
1561:Weeds Act 1959
1553:Main article:
1550:
1547:
1538:
1535:
1527:
1515:soil fertility
1458:
1455:
1446:
1404:
1403:Arable farming
1401:
1389:
1386:
1377:
1374:
1346:
1343:
1334:
1331:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1251:
1248:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1123:
1120:
1106:
1103:
1098:Main article:
1095:
1092:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
995:
994:Grades of land
992:
974:
971:
969:
966:
957:
954:
952:
949:
936:
933:
920:
917:
912:
909:
903:
900:
894:
891:
882:
879:
877:
874:
864:
861:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
827:, a parasitic
810:
807:
801:
798:
754:
751:
742:
739:
737:
734:
693:
690:
650:
647:
645:
642:
583:
580:
543:
540:
526:
523:
505:
502:
496:
493:
488:digging plough
483:
480:
466:
463:
458:Main article:
455:
452:
436:
433:
423:
420:
397:
394:
343:Main article:
340:
337:
335:
332:
299:Main article:
296:
293:
247:named himself
240:
237:
164:
161:
159:
156:
140:
137:
105:
102:
98:climate change
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11561:
11550:
11547:
11546:
11544:
11529:
11521:
11519:
11511:
11510:
11507:
11501:
11498:
11496:
11493:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11452:
11450:
11448:organisations
11442:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11419:
11418:
11415:
11413:
11410:
11409:
11408:
11405:
11403:
11400:
11398:
11395:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11382:
11381:
11378:
11374:
11371:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11355:
11353:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11330:
11329:
11328:Manufacturing
11326:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11284:
11283:
11282:
11278:
11274:
11271:
11270:
11269:
11266:
11265:
11263:
11259:
11251:
11248:
11247:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11226:
11223:
11219:
11216:
11215:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11181:List of banks
11179:
11178:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11168:
11166:
11164:
11158:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11142:
11141:
11139:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11119:
11117:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11099:
11098:
11095:
11094:
11093:
11090:
11086:
11083:
11081:
11078:
11076:
11075:North Sea oil
11073:
11071:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11061:
11058:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11048:
11046:
11043:
11042:
11041:
11037:
11034:
11033:
11031:
11029:
11023:
11020:
11016:
11010:
11007:
11003:
11000:
10999:
10998:
10997:Trades unions
10995:
10993:
10990:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10972:
10971:
10968:
10964:
10961:
10960:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10940:
10938:
10932:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10885:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10870:
10868:
10866:
10862:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10797:
10795:
10793:
10789:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10774:
10772:
10770:
10764:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10692:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10634:
10633:Big City Plan
10631:
10630:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10620:
10618:
10616:
10612:
10609:
10601:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10585:Privatisation
10583:
10581:
10578:
10576:
10573:
10571:
10568:
10566:
10565:Gold standard
10563:
10561:
10558:
10556:
10553:
10552:
10550:
10546:
10540:
10537:
10533:
10530:
10529:
10528:
10525:
10522:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10492:1986 Big Bang
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10419:
10417:
10415:Chronological
10413:
10410:
10408:
10404:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10372:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10350:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10298:
10297:
10294:
10293:
10291:
10283:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10246:Co-operatives
10244:
10243:
10241:
10237:
10233:
10226:
10221:
10219:
10214:
10212:
10207:
10206:
10203:
10191:
10188:
10187:
10185:
10181:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10149:Faroe Islands
10147:
10145:
10142:
10141:
10139:
10133:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10121:South Ossetia
10119:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10103:
10101:
10095:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9973:Liechtenstein
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9843:
9841:
9837:
9828:
9823:
9821:
9816:
9814:
9809:
9808:
9805:
9793:
9785:
9784:
9781:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9769:
9768:Farming Today
9765:
9763:
9762:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9750:
9746:
9744:
9743:
9739:
9737:
9736:
9732:
9731:
9729:
9725:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9707:
9704:
9703:
9702:
9699:
9698:
9696:
9692:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9666:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9621:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9588:
9585:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9549:
9546:
9544:organisations
9540:
9530:
9527:
9526:
9524:
9520:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9493:Animal breeds
9491:
9490:
9488:
9486:
9482:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9449:
9446:
9445:
9444:
9441:
9437:
9434:
9433:
9432:
9431:Animal breeds
9429:
9428:
9426:
9424:
9420:
9414:
9411:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9398:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9383:
9381:
9379:
9375:
9372:
9368:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9344:
9342:
9340:
9336:
9330:
9326:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9226:
9223:
9220:
9216:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9129:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9111:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9094:Grazing marsh
9092:
9091:
9089:
9085:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9023:Arla Foods UK
9021:
9019:
9016:
9015:
9013:
9009:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8994:
8991:
8987:
8980:
8975:
8973:
8968:
8966:
8961:
8960:
8957:
8950:
8947:
8944:
8941:
8938:
8935:
8934:
8924:
8922:
8917:
8914:
8911:
8907:
8903:
8901:
8896:
8893:
8889:
8885:
8884:
8879:
8876:
8875:
8871:
8868:
8867:
8863:
8862:
8852:
8848:
8847:
8837:
8833:
8832:
8831:
8825:
8821:
8820:
8817:
8813:
8809:
8806:
8802:
8799:
8795:
8792:
8788:
8784:
8781:
8777:
8776:
8771:
8768:
8764:
8762:
8758:
8755:Orwin, C. S.
8754:
8751:
8748:May, Trevor.
8747:
8744:
8740:
8737:
8733:
8730:
8726:
8723:
8719:
8717:
8713:
8709:
8706:
8702:
8699:
8695:
8692:
8689:Ernle, Lord.
8688:
8685:
8681:
8678:
8674:
8671:
8667:
8664:
8660:
8657:
8653:
8650:
8646:
8645:
8639:
8635:
8634:
8632:
8628:
8626:
8622:
8621:
8612:
8606:
8602:
8597:
8593:
8588:
8584:
8579:
8576:
8570:
8566:
8561:
8558:
8552:
8548:
8543:
8540:
8534:
8530:
8525:
8521:
8516:
8510:
8509:
8504:
8500:
8486:
8482:
8475:
8474:
8469:
8466:
8462:
8446:
8442:
8435:
8434:
8429:
8426:
8415:
8408:
8407:
8401:
8387:
8383:
8376:
8375:
8369:
8368:
8352:
8346:
8331:
8327:
8320:
8305:
8301:
8297:
8293:
8286:
8270:
8266:
8260:
8245:
8241:
8234:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8200:
8184:
8178:
8171:
8165:
8150:
8146:
8140:
8124:
8123:The Telegraph
8120:
8114:
8098:
8094:
8088:
8073:
8069:
8063:
8048:
8044:
8038:
8022:
8021:www.gov.wales
8018:
8012:
8003:
7987:
7983:
7977:
7968:
7959:
7950:
7941:
7925:
7919:
7912:
7908:
7902:
7895:
7890:
7875:
7871:
7865:
7850:
7846:
7840:
7831:
7824:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7804:
7795:
7786:
7779:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7761:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7743:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7725:
7724:
7720:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7691:
7687:
7681:
7666:. 20 May 2015
7665:
7661:
7655:
7639:
7633:
7627:
7622:
7618:
7614:
7608:
7599:
7590:
7583:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7562:
7554:
7550:
7544:
7533:
7526:
7518:
7511:
7504:
7500:
7495:
7488:
7483:
7476:
7471:
7462:
7453:
7445:
7441:
7437:
7431:
7423:
7419:
7415:
7409:
7403:
7399:
7395:
7393:
7386:
7377:
7368:
7359:
7350:
7334:
7333:www.gov.wales
7330:
7324:
7309:. 11 May 2015
7308:
7304:
7298:
7282:
7276:
7261:
7260:warwick.ac.uk
7257:
7251:
7236:
7232:
7225:
7210:
7206:
7200:
7184:
7180:
7174:
7159:
7155:
7148:
7133:
7127:
7112:
7108:
7102:
7087:
7083:
7077:
7062:
7058:
7052:
7037:
7033:
7027:
7012:
7008:
7002:
6995:
6990:
6988:
6980:
6976:
6973:
6968:
6966:
6950:
6946:
6940:
6924:
6920:
6914:
6899:
6893:
6886:
6885:
6878:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6845:
6838:
6829:
6820:
6811:
6802:
6800:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6777:
6768:
6761:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6743:
6739:
6734:
6727:
6726:
6722:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6702:
6701:
6697:
6696:The Telegraph
6691:
6684:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6664:
6657:
6653:
6648:
6641:
6637:
6632:
6624:
6620:
6614:
6606:
6602:
6596:
6587:
6578:
6569:
6560:
6551:
6542:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6520:
6512:
6508:
6502:
6493:
6484:
6482:
6472:
6463:
6454:
6447:
6446:
6439:
6430:
6421:
6412:
6403:
6394:
6385:
6376:
6367:
6360:
6354:
6345:
6336:
6327:
6312:
6308:
6302:
6293:
6286:
6281:
6272:
6263:
6254:
6245:
6243:
6233:
6224:
6216:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6183:
6174:
6165:
6156:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6121:
6114:
6112:
6102:
6093:
6084:
6075:
6060:
6056:
6050:
6035:. 20 May 2021
6034:
6030:
6024:
6009:. 9 June 2021
6008:
6004:
5998:
5989:
5982:
5978:
5973:
5966:
5961:
5946:. 9 June 2022
5945:
5941:
5935:
5926:
5917:
5908:
5899:
5890:
5881:
5872:
5863:
5854:
5839:
5835:
5829:
5822:
5817:
5801:
5797:
5791:
5782:
5773:
5758:
5754:
5748:
5741:
5738:
5733:
5718:
5714:
5708:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5641:
5637:
5631:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5591:
5590:www.gov.wales
5587:
5581:
5566:
5565:www.gov.wales
5562:
5556:
5541:
5537:
5531:
5516:
5515:www.gov.wales
5512:
5506:
5499:
5496:
5491:
5472:
5466:
5451:
5447:
5441:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5404:
5398:
5390:
5386:
5380:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5340:
5336:
5330:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5273:
5268:
5253:
5249:
5243:
5228:
5227:www.gov.wales
5224:
5218:
5203:
5199:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5170:
5161:
5152:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5138:The Telegraph
5134:
5119:on 5 May 2012
5118:
5114:
5108:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5053:
5044:
5035:
5026:
5017:
5008:
4992:
4991:
4983:
4981:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4954:
4947:
4946:archive.today
4943:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4914:
4905:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4886:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4867:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4848:
4839:
4830:
4821:
4812:
4803:
4796:
4791:
4784:
4779:
4771:
4765:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4730:
4724:
4715:
4706:
4698:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4638:
4631:
4625:
4618:
4612:
4603:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4561:
4560:
4554:
4549:
4543:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4517:
4508:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4480:
4475:
4468:
4463:
4457:
4451:
4444:
4439:
4430:
4421:
4412:
4405:
4400:
4393:
4388:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4328:
4319:
4310:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4283:
4276:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4255:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4218:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4012:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3959:
3948:
3947:
3940:
3931:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3744:
3728:
3719:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3570:
3555:
3553:
3548:
3546:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3503:
3501:
3500:smallholdings
3488:Smallholdings
3485:
3483:
3479:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3459:
3449:
3440:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3414:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3361:
3355:Custodianship
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3329:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3206:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3182:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3129:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3103:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3043:In Scotland,
3041:
3040:is in Kent.
3039:
3035:
3032:is in Essex.
3031:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2881:. Under the
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2787:, with a few
2786:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2759:are extinct.
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2730:
2726:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2674:Lake District
2671:
2664:Sheep farming
2661:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2623:Jersey cattle
2620:
2611:
2609:
2603:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2581:Game Act 1831
2577:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2482:Delia antiqua
2479:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2437:Delia platura
2434:
2432:Bean seed fly
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:Pollen beetle
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2049:
2047:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:Corn marigold
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1546:
1543:
1534:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1454:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1385:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1339:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1298:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1128:Thames Valley
1119:
1116:
1112:
1101:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1048:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
991:
984:
979:
965:
962:
948:
946:
945:nitrous oxide
942:
932:
930:
926:
916:
908:
899:
890:
888:
873:
871:
860:
858:
854:
833:
830:
826:
825:
820:
816:
806:
797:
795:
790:
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
762:
760:
750:
747:
733:
731:
727:
722:
718:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
689:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
659:
656:
641:
637:
635:
631:
627:
617:
613:
609:
607:
599:
594:
589:
579:
575:
573:
565:
561:
556:
552:
549:
539:
537:
533:
522:
520:
516:
511:
501:
492:
489:
479:
476:
475:United States
472:
461:
451:
446:
442:
432:
430:
419:
417:
411:
407:
403:
393:
389:
387:
371:
368:
362:
360:
356:
351:
346:
331:
328:
325:
321:
312:
307:
302:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
264:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
236:
233:
228:
225:
224:feudal system
220:
216:
212:
208:
199:
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
175:British Isles
170:
155:
150:
146:
136:
133:
129:
126:
123:
114:
110:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
72:
68:
63:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
11397:Supermarkets
11363:Construction
11358:Architecture
11193:Canary Wharf
11096:
11026:Resource and
11009:Unemployment
10980:Minimum wage
10943:Billionaires
10840:Silicon Glen
10712:M11 Corridor
10126:Transnistria
10087:
9766:
9759:
9747:
9740:
9733:
9713:Fell farming
9239:Celtic field
9159:Crown Estate
9087:Conservation
8985:
8919:
8898:
8881:
8872:
8864:
8850:
8835:
8829:
8823:
8811:
8804:
8797:
8790:
8786:
8773:
8766:
8756:
8749:
8742:
8735:
8728:
8721:
8711:
8704:
8697:
8690:
8683:
8676:
8669:
8662:
8655:
8648:
8637:
8630:
8600:
8591:
8582:
8564:
8546:
8528:
8519:
8507:
8492:, retrieved
8485:the original
8472:
8454:16 September
8452:, retrieved
8445:the original
8432:
8425:The Guardian
8423:– via
8417:, retrieved
8405:
8393:, retrieved
8386:the original
8373:
8364:Bibliography
8345:
8333:. Retrieved
8329:
8319:
8307:. Retrieved
8296:The Guardian
8295:
8285:
8273:. Retrieved
8268:
8259:
8247:. Retrieved
8243:
8233:
8221:. Retrieved
8210:The Guardian
8209:
8199:
8187:. Retrieved
8177:
8164:
8152:. Retrieved
8148:
8139:
8127:. Retrieved
8122:
8113:
8101:. Retrieved
8096:
8087:
8075:. Retrieved
8072:www.gov.scot
8071:
8062:
8050:. Retrieved
8047:www.gov.scot
8046:
8037:
8025:. Retrieved
8020:
8011:
8002:
7990:. Retrieved
7985:
7976:
7967:
7958:
7949:
7940:
7928:. Retrieved
7918:
7901:
7889:
7877:. Retrieved
7873:
7864:
7852:. Retrieved
7848:
7839:
7830:
7820:
7812:
7803:
7794:
7785:
7775:
7767:
7757:
7749:
7739:
7731:
7714:
7706:
7694:. Retrieved
7689:
7680:
7668:. Retrieved
7663:
7654:
7642:. Retrieved
7632:
7621:the original
7616:
7607:
7598:
7589:
7578:
7570:
7561:
7552:
7543:
7525:
7510:
7494:
7482:
7470:
7461:
7452:
7444:the original
7439:
7430:
7422:the original
7417:
7408:
7390:
7385:
7376:
7367:
7358:
7349:
7337:. Retrieved
7332:
7323:
7311:. Retrieved
7306:
7297:
7285:. Retrieved
7275:
7263:. Retrieved
7259:
7250:
7238:. Retrieved
7234:
7224:
7212:. Retrieved
7208:
7199:
7187:. Retrieved
7182:
7173:
7161:. Retrieved
7157:
7147:
7135:. Retrieved
7126:
7114:. Retrieved
7110:
7101:
7089:. Retrieved
7085:
7076:
7064:. Retrieved
7060:
7051:
7039:. Retrieved
7035:
7026:
7014:. Retrieved
7010:
7001:
6952:. Retrieved
6948:
6945:"Home • CLA"
6939:
6927:. Retrieved
6922:
6913:
6901:. Retrieved
6892:
6883:
6877:
6867:
6859:
6847:. Retrieved
6837:
6828:
6819:
6810:
6790:the original
6785:
6776:
6767:
6757:
6749:
6733:
6716:
6708:
6694:
6690:
6680:
6672:
6663:
6647:
6631:
6622:
6613:
6604:
6595:
6586:
6577:
6568:
6559:
6550:
6541:
6524:
6519:
6510:
6501:
6492:
6471:
6462:
6453:
6443:
6438:
6429:
6420:
6411:
6402:
6393:
6384:
6375:
6366:
6353:
6344:
6335:
6326:
6314:. Retrieved
6311:www.gov.scot
6310:
6301:
6292:
6280:
6271:
6262:
6253:
6232:
6223:
6196:
6192:
6182:
6173:
6164:
6155:
6130:
6126:
6101:
6092:
6083:
6074:
6062:. Retrieved
6058:
6049:
6037:. Retrieved
6033:County Times
6032:
6023:
6011:. Retrieved
6006:
5997:
5988:
5972:
5960:
5948:. Retrieved
5943:
5934:
5925:
5916:
5907:
5898:
5889:
5880:
5871:
5862:
5853:
5841:. Retrieved
5837:
5828:
5816:
5804:. Retrieved
5799:
5790:
5781:
5772:
5760:. Retrieved
5756:
5747:
5736:
5732:
5720:. Retrieved
5716:
5707:
5695:. Retrieved
5690:
5681:
5669:. Retrieved
5664:
5655:
5643:. Retrieved
5640:www.gov.scot
5639:
5630:
5618:. Retrieved
5614:
5605:
5593:. Retrieved
5589:
5580:
5568:. Retrieved
5564:
5555:
5543:. Retrieved
5539:
5530:
5518:. Retrieved
5514:
5505:
5494:
5490:
5478:. Retrieved
5465:
5453:. Retrieved
5449:
5440:
5428:. Retrieved
5411:
5397:
5388:
5379:
5367:. Retrieved
5363:
5354:
5342:. Retrieved
5338:
5329:
5317:. Retrieved
5313:
5304:
5292:. Retrieved
5289:senedd.wales
5288:
5279:
5267:
5255:. Retrieved
5251:
5242:
5230:. Retrieved
5226:
5217:
5205:. Retrieved
5202:www.gov.scot
5201:
5192:
5184:
5178:
5169:
5160:
5151:
5141:
5133:
5121:. Retrieved
5117:the original
5107:
5095:. Retrieved
5091:
5082:
5070:. Retrieved
5066:the original
5061:
5052:
5043:
5034:
5025:
5016:
5007:
4995:. Retrieved
4989:
4953:
4932:
4913:
4904:
4885:
4866:
4847:
4838:
4829:
4820:
4811:
4802:
4790:
4778:
4759:
4753:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4731:. Routledge.
4728:
4723:
4714:
4705:
4686:
4680:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4655:
4651:
4646:
4637:
4624:
4619:. Routledge.
4616:
4611:
4602:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4557:
4542:
4534:
4530:
4525:
4516:
4507:
4491:
4486:
4474:
4462:
4455:
4450:
4438:
4429:
4420:
4411:
4399:
4387:
4375:
4370:
4358:
4353:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4327:
4318:
4309:
4299:
4291:
4282:
4272:
4267:
4254:
4235:
4225:
4205:
4198:
4189:
4179:
4163:
4147:
4131:
4115:
4106:
4097:
4085:. Retrieved
4081:
4072:
4060:. Retrieved
4055:
4045:
4033:. Retrieved
4029:
4020:
4011:
3999:. Retrieved
3995:
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3970:The Guardian
3968:
3958:
3945:
3939:
3903:. Retrieved
3878:. Retrieved
3874:
3865:
3856:
3847:
3835:. Retrieved
3831:
3822:
3810:. Retrieved
3806:
3797:
3785:. Retrieved
3781:
3772:
3760:. Retrieved
3756:
3747:
3727:
3718:
3709:
3634:
3618:
3607:
3596:
3579:
3566:
3549:
3541:
3532:
3514:
3496:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3446:
3421:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3381:
3369:
3346:
3335:oilseed rape
3332:
3325:
3297:
3289:Oilseed rape
3260:
3256:
3231:
3222:
3212:
3200:
3188:
3179:
3163:
3154:NFU Scotland
3152:
3149:NFU Scotland
3143:
3135:
3121:Lincolnshire
3114:
3097:
3085:
3076:
3067:
3059:
3042:
3027:
3003:in 1893 and
2990:
2976:battery hens
2968:
2958:
2954:Battery hens
2930:
2910:
2836:
2823:
2782:
2773:
2769:
2733:
2714:
2710:
2694:Romney sheep
2690:Romney Marsh
2667:
2658:
2639:
2627:
2608:dairy cattle
2604:
2600:
2578:
2574:
2557:
2542:
2527:
2510:
2495:
2480:
2465:
2450:
2435:
2420:
2405:
2390:
2375:
2360:
2345:
2330:
2315:
2300:
2284:
2273:Various spp.
2262:Various spp.
2246:
2231:
2215:
2200:
2185:
2170:
2164:
2149:
2134:
2115:
2100:
2085:
2060:
2045:
2043:
2002:
1987:
1971:
1956:
1941:
1925:
1910:
1895:
1879:
1873:
1858:
1843:
1827:
1812:
1797:
1781:
1765:
1750:
1735:
1720:
1705:
1689:
1674:
1659:
1644:
1629:
1626:Barren brome
1580:
1544:
1540:
1520:
1511:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1391:
1379:
1363:
1351:EC Directive
1348:
1336:
1327:
1319:
1316:
1309:An unfenced
1295:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1211:Lowland peat
1136:
1132:last Ice Age
1125:
1108:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1044:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
988:
983:Arthur Young
963:
959:
940:
938:
922:
914:
905:
896:
884:
866:
849:
822:
812:
809:Loss of bees
803:
791:
783:
777:and 3% from
763:
756:
748:
744:
723:
719:
695:
686:
682:Lib-Lab Pact
671:
660:
652:
644:1945 to 2000
638:
623:
610:
603:
576:
569:
545:
528:
507:
498:
485:
468:
454:1850 to 1939
448:
429:tenant right
425:
413:
390:
372:
363:
358:
352:
348:
329:
316:
295:1750 to 1850
276:
267:
242:
239:1500 to 1750
229:
215:Plantagenets
204:
172:
152:
134:
130:
127:
118:
75:
64:
61:
44:
43:
29:
11373:Real estate
11097:Agriculture
10884:Cardiff Bay
10873:Agriculture
10830:Oil and gas
10805:Agriculture
10732:Silicon Fen
10707:M4 corridor
10700:London Plan
10521:Growth deal
10348:HM Treasury
10318:Company law
10287:governance,
10164:Isle of Man
10099:recognition
10073:Switzerland
10008:Netherlands
9749:Countryfile
9735:The Archers
9314:Swing Riots
9244:Common land
9179:Legislation
9002:Agriculture
8858:Periodicals
8459:, see also
8335:20 November
8309:20 November
8275:20 November
8249:20 November
8223:20 November
8189:20 November
8154:20 November
8129:20 November
8103:19 November
8077:19 November
8052:19 November
8027:20 November
7992:19 November
7930:12 December
7879:19 November
7854:19 November
7696:19 November
7670:19 November
7644:19 November
7163:16 November
7152:WebsiteNI.
7137:16 November
7116:16 November
7091:16 November
7066:16 November
7041:16 November
7016:16 November
6954:16 November
6929:16 November
6903:16 November
6316:18 November
5950:20 November
5843:18 November
5806:18 November
5762:18 November
5722:18 November
5697:18 November
5671:18 November
5645:18 November
5620:18 November
5595:18 November
5570:18 November
5545:18 November
5520:18 November
5455:19 November
5369:19 November
5344:19 November
5319:19 November
5294:19 November
5257:16 November
5232:16 November
5207:16 November
4301:Jethro Tull
4035:19 November
4030:www.fao.org
3586:John Gummer
3364:Long Riston
3291:growing in
3218:trade union
2887:brucellosis
2789:fallow deer
2757:Small White
2737:Large White
2720:Pig farming
2452:Psila rosea
2352:Sugar beet
2332:Aphis fabae
2322:Sugar beet
2307:Sugar beet
2292:Sugar beet
2276:Sugar beet
2217:Phyllotreta
2212:Flea beetle
2071:Common name
1989:Avena fatua
1824:Hemp nettle
1615:Common name
1472:cultivators
1287:Fertilisers
1171:Upland peat
800:Consumption
794:value added
706:green pound
678:Plaid Cymru
604:Before the
269:Jethro Tull
219:Black Death
183:Pleistocene
163:Before 1500
90:fossil fuel
82:agriculture
40:in Scotland
11427:High-speed
11422:Inter-city
11338:Automotive
11318:Healthcare
11306:Television
11296:Newspapers
11140:Materials
11055:Geothermal
11028:production
10970:Labour law
10953:Demography
10936:and labour
10717:Manchester
10628:Birmingham
10560:Free trade
10289:regulation
10043:San Marino
10003:Montenegro
9983:Luxembourg
9963:Kazakhstan
9866:Azerbaijan
9701:Beekeeping
9259:Dutch barn
9113:Government
9058:NFU Mutual
8785:Rule, John
8618:Historical
7235:LabourList
7154:"About us"
3740:References
3529:homestead.
3418:Background
3348:miscanthus
3223:Landworker
2925:bluetongue
2891:salmonella
2879:warble fly
2794:game birds
2753:Cumberland
2564:Any plant
2447:Carrot fly
2286:Onychiurus
2281:Springtail
2265:Brassicas
2254:Brassicas
2248:Meligethes
2238:Brassicas
2223:Brassicas
2207:Brassicas
2192:Brassicas
2172:G. pallida
2074:Latin name
1979:Grassland
1902:Grassland
1875:Matricaria
1850:Grassland
1789:Grassland
1773:Grassland
1697:Grassland
1691:Ranunculus
1686:Buttercups
1656:Blackgrass
1618:Latin name
1559:See also:
1499:harvesting
1382:phosphorus
1376:Phosphates
1338:Leguminous
1311:slurry pit
1292:Background
1277:phosphates
1105:Background
836:Government
773:, 4% from
769:, 9% from
759:veterinary
714:milk quota
630:allotments
334:Enclosures
324:capitalist
179:Mesolithic
11444:Trade and
11407:Transport
11354:Property
11333:Aerospace
11268:Education
11213:Insurance
11161:Financial
11045:Biodiesel
10921:Transport
10850:Transport
10810:Edinburgh
10782:Transport
10757:Wiltshire
10752:Transport
10727:Sheffield
10685:Liverpool
10548:Recurrent
10375:Banknotes
10285:Currency,
10239:Companies
10154:Gibraltar
9978:Lithuania
9294:Rationing
9264:Enclosure
9249:Corn Laws
9068:Openfield
9011:Companies
8910:0952-7605
8892:0034-6659
8494:3 January
8304:0261-3077
8218:0261-3077
6849:13 August
6511:AHDB Pork
5430:28 August
5088:"FAOSTAT"
5058:"FAOSTAT"
4890:AgriStats
4871:AgriStats
4783:Rationing
4026:"FAOSTAT"
3567:The 1988
3052:(CAFRE).
2847:fowl pest
2827:herd mark
2810:ostriches
2761:Wild boar
2698:The Downs
2682:Snowdonia
2477:Onion fly
2417:Pea midge
2387:Pea aphid
2297:Symphylid
2270:Millipede
2177:Potatoes
1984:Wild oats
1938:Speedwell
1855:Knotgrass
1829:Galeopsis
1717:Chickweed
1555:Crop weed
1425:field in
1397:potassium
1246:(2005).
1229:Soil Code
1145:Land type
1115:Acid rain
1022:Grade 3b:
1016:Grade 3a:
935:Emissions
919:Subsidies
736:2000–2015
726:set-aside
692:1985–2000
649:1945–1985
620:campaign.
598:Yorkshire
536:Dominions
441:Corn Laws
345:Enclosure
273:Berkshire
71:farm gate
67:subsidies
49:land area
11543:Category
11518:Category
11446:business
11412:Aviation
11385:Internet
11291:Gambling
11198:The City
11163:services
11144:Forestry
11127:Scottish
11118:Fishing
11060:Fracking
10992:Pensions
10800:Aberdeen
10792:Scotland
10767:Northern
10737:Somerset
10645:Cornwall
10605:regions,
10603:Nations,
10387:Taxation
10174:Svalbard
10159:Guernsey
10106:Abkhazia
10058:Slovenia
10053:Slovakia
10028:Portugal
9886:Bulgaria
9792:Category
9718:Forestry
9706:June Gap
9620:Museums
9508:Tŷ unnos
9443:Crofting
9436:Shetland
9423:Scotland
9401:Cornwall
9038:Farmcare
8716:in JSTOR
8505:(1975),
8097:BBC News
7719:Archived
7690:BBC News
7664:BBC News
7398:Archived
6975:Archived
6721:Archived
6623:Statista
6605:BBC News
6530:Archived
6445:Friesian
6215:84633699
6007:BBC News
5389:BBC News
4962:Archived
4942:Archived
4921:Archived
4893:Archived
4874:Archived
4855:Archived
3812:2 August
3787:2 August
3647:See also
3545:crofting
3538:Scotland
3456:DEFRA's
3293:Cornwall
3170:crofting
2906:Scotland
2902:outbreak
2883:Zoonoses
2785:red deer
2678:Pennines
2646:Hereford
2472:Carrots
2457:Carrots
2402:Pea moth
2141:Cereals
2126:Cereals
2107:Cereals
2082:Frit fly
2048:(2007).
1968:Thistles
1907:Redshank
1881:Anthemis
1870:Mayweeds
1757:Cereals
1732:Cleavers
1702:Charlock
1636:Cereals
1537:Diseases
1507:threshed
1488:sprayers
1409:Agronomy
1273:nitrogen
1214:4.0–7.0
1206:4.5–5.5
1198:5.0–6.0
1190:7.0–8.0
1182:5.0–7.0
1174:3.5–4.5
1166:6.5–8.0
1158:3.5–5.0
1053:Scotland
1034:Grade 5:
1028:Grade 4:
1010:Grade 2:
1004:Grade 1:
939:DEFRA's
902:Scotland
819:honeybee
771:Scotland
665:and the
92:prices,
86:Biofuels
11528:Commons
11495:Make UK
11402:Tourism
11368:Housing
11348:Exports
11311:Theatre
11176:Banking
11122:English
11018:Sectors
10963:Poverty
10916:Tourism
10911:Swansea
10896:History
10891:Fishing
10878:Cardiff
10845:Tourism
10825:History
10820:Fishing
10777:Belfast
10769:Ireland
10747:Tourism
10722:Reading
10670:Fishing
10650:Croydon
10640:Bristol
10615:England
10407:History
10380:Coinage
10083:Ukraine
10033:Romania
9993:Moldova
9951:Ireland
9946:Iceland
9941:Hungary
9931:Germany
9926:Georgia
9916:Finland
9911:Estonia
9906:Denmark
9891:Croatia
9876:Belgium
9871:Belarus
9861:Austria
9856:Armenia
9851:Andorra
9846:Albania
9774:Hurdles
9694:Sectors
9529:Cuisine
9513:Fishing
9498:Cuisine
9465:Fishing
9455:Cuisine
9413:Fishing
9396:Cuisine
9378:England
9299:Run rig
9254:Diggers
9218:History
8939:(DEFRA)
8902:("ABC")
8853:(1976).
8463:at the
8419:19 June
8395:18 June
7613:"DEFRA"
7339:15 July
7313:15 July
7287:15 July
7265:15 July
7240:15 July
7214:15 July
7189:15 July
6526:Farming
6135:Bibcode
6064:10 June
6039:10 June
6013:10 June
5480:18 July
5187:DEFRA).
5123:17 June
4997:18 June
4959:N Denby
4630:Riddrie
4190:History
4087:21 July
4062:20 June
4001:19 July
3880:16 July
3837:21 July
3762:16 July
3511:England
3493:History
3443:History
3430:. The
3374:. The
3300:biomass
3280:Biofuel
3274:Biofuel
3140:Current
3111:History
2987:History
2933:badgers
2859:scrapie
2839:anthrax
2833:Disease
2814:rabbits
2806:turkeys
2507:Weevils
2502:Onions
2487:Onions
1973:Cirsium
1953:Spurrey
1809:Fat hen
1671:Bracken
1577:History
1492:dusters
1484:rollers
1476:harrows
1457:Methods
973:History
881:England
863:Current
846:History
767:England
564:England
560:Tractor
519:Riddrie
379:⁄
339:General
320:legumes
311:haywain
211:Normans
158:History
122:poultry
11286:Cinema
11149:Mining
11070:Marine
11036:Energy
10958:Income
10934:People
10880:
10855:Whisky
10690:London
10660:Dorset
10607:cities
10532:Impact
10313:Budget
10169:Jersey
10111:Kosovo
10078:Turkey
10068:Sweden
10048:Serbia
10038:Russia
10023:Poland
10018:Norway
9998:Monaco
9968:Latvia
9936:Greece
9921:France
9896:Cyprus
9551:Unions
9460:Factor
8908:
8890:
8816:online
8761:online
8625:online
8607:
8571:
8553:
8535:
8302:
8216:
7986:GOV.UK
7849:GOV.UK
6919:"CAAV"
6213:
5800:GOV.UK
5691:GOV.UK
5450:GOV.UK
5248:"Home"
5097:9 July
5072:9 July
4766:
4693:
4498:
4380:online
4363:online
4238:(61).
4213:
4192:. BBC.
4107:GOV.UK
4082:GOV.UK
3996:GOV.UK
3976:9 July
3905:9 July
3875:GOV.UK
3832:GOV.UK
3807:GOV.UK
3757:GOV.UK
3732:acre).
3506:Recent
3452:Recent
3345:, and
3343:willow
3339:poplar
2875:rabies
2696:) and
2676:, the
2554:Rabbit
2512:Sitona
2197:Pigeon
2112:Aphids
1927:Juncus
1922:Rushes
1878:spp.;
1393:Potash
1388:Potash
1370:Senedd
1301:Slurry
1281:potash
1279:, and
1269:manure
1265:fallow
929:Brexit
566:, 1905
416:cottar
408:, and
359:wastes
285:turnip
96:, and
11301:Radio
11281:Media
11261:Other
11132:Welsh
11102:Cider
11080:Solar
10865:Wales
10675:Leeds
10655:Devon
10338:Gilts
10144:Åland
10063:Spain
9988:Malta
9958:Italy
9727:Other
9669:CAFRE
9485:Wales
9406:Devon
9048:Genus
8512:(PDF)
8488:(PDF)
8481:DEFRA
8477:(PDF)
8448:(PDF)
8441:DEFRA
8437:(PDF)
8414:DEFRA
8410:(PDF)
8389:(PDF)
8382:DEFRA
8378:(PDF)
7817:DEFRA
7535:(PDF)
7503:DEFRA
6754:DEFRA
6738:DEFRA
6656:DEFRA
6640:DEFRA
6211:S2CID
6123:(PDF)
5474:(PDF)
5424:(PDF)
5252:DAERA
4937:namib
3950:(PDF)
3701:Notes
3520:Wales
2802:geese
2798:ducks
2745:Welsh
2052:Pests
1783:Rumex
1778:Docks
1762:Couch
1549:Weeds
1480:rolls
1427:Essex
1423:wheat
1322:Urine
893:Wales
857:DEFRA
779:Wales
558:Ivel
243:When
113:Wheat
11417:Rail
11112:Beer
11107:Wine
11092:Food
11085:Wind
11050:Coal
9755:Eglu
9357:2007
9352:2001
9347:1967
9329:WWII
8906:ISSN
8888:ISSN
8605:ISBN
8569:ISBN
8551:ISBN
8533:ISBN
8496:2012
8456:2011
8421:2010
8397:2010
8337:2023
8311:2023
8300:ISSN
8277:2023
8251:2023
8225:2023
8214:ISSN
8191:2023
8156:2023
8131:2023
8105:2023
8079:2023
8054:2023
8029:2023
7994:2023
7932:2014
7881:2023
7856:2023
7698:2023
7672:2023
7646:2023
7553:BASC
7341:2024
7315:2024
7289:2024
7267:2024
7242:2024
7216:2024
7191:2024
7165:2023
7139:2023
7118:2023
7093:2023
7068:2023
7043:2023
7018:2023
6956:2023
6931:2023
6905:2023
6851:2015
6318:2023
6066:2021
6041:2021
6015:2021
5952:2023
5845:2023
5808:2023
5764:2023
5724:2023
5699:2023
5673:2023
5647:2023
5622:2023
5597:2023
5572:2023
5547:2023
5522:2023
5482:2023
5457:2023
5432:2022
5371:2023
5346:2023
5321:2023
5296:2023
5259:2023
5234:2023
5209:2023
5125:2012
5099:2015
5074:2015
4999:2012
4971:) →
4764:ISBN
4691:ISBN
4628:See
4578:1700
4496:ISBN
4211:ISBN
4172:RSPB
4156:RSPB
4140:RSPB
4124:RSPB
4089:2022
4064:2018
4037:2023
4003:2023
3978:2015
3907:2015
3882:2023
3839:2022
3814:2022
3789:2022
3764:2023
3619:The
3326:The
3201:The
3189:The
3164:The
3115:The
3098:The
3086:The
2991:The
2921:2007
2917:2001
2915:and
2913:1967
2877:and
2812:and
2755:and
2702:Kent
2680:and
2515:spp.
2289:spp.
2251:spp.
2220:spp.
2182:Slug
2169:and
2018:Key
1976:spp.
1930:spp.
1884:spp.
1832:spp.
1786:spp.
1770:spp.
1694:spp.
1602:and
1490:and
1411:and
1364:The
1111:lime
1100:Soil
1094:Soil
951:Land
885:The
829:mite
700:)'s
672:The
653:The
546:The
469:The
443:and
386:copy
271:, a
213:and
147:and
11225:LCH
9325:WWI
8780:BBC
7772:BBC
7575:BBC
6677:BBC
6201:doi
6197:153
6143:doi
6131:116
4296:BBC
4240:doi
3341:or
2904:in
2889:or
2855:BSE
2747:or
2700:in
1482:or
730:EEC
517:.
11545::
9327:/
8918::
8787:.
8778:,
8479:,
8439:,
8412:,
8380:,
8328:.
8298:.
8294:.
8267:.
8242:.
8212:.
8208:.
8147:.
8121:.
8095:.
8070:.
8045:.
8019:.
7984:.
7872:.
7847:.
7819::
7774::
7756::
7738::
7713::
7688:.
7662:.
7615:.
7577::
7551:.
7438:.
7416:.
7331:.
7305:.
7258:.
7233:.
7207:.
7181:.
7156:.
7109:.
7084:.
7059:.
7034:.
7009:.
6986:^
6964:^
6947:.
6921:.
6866::
6798:^
6784:.
6756::
6740:,
6715::
6698:,
6679::
6654:,
6638:,
6621:.
6603:.
6509:.
6480:^
6309:.
6241:^
6209:.
6195:.
6191:.
6141:.
6129:.
6125:.
6110:^
6057:.
6031:.
6005:.
5979:,
5942:.
5836:.
5798:.
5755:.
5715:.
5689:.
5663:.
5638:.
5613:.
5588:.
5563:.
5538:.
5513:.
5448:.
5387:.
5362:.
5337:.
5312:.
5287:.
5250:.
5225:.
5200:.
5140::
5090:.
5060:.
4979:^
4968:→
4746:33
4744:,
4673:33
4671:,
4656:60
4654:,
4576:,
4556:.
4535:22
4533:,
4346:70
4344:,
4298::
4234:.
4188:.
4170:,
4154:,
4138:,
4122:,
4105:.
4080:.
4054:.
4028:.
3994:.
3967:.
3927:^
3915:^
3890:^
3873:.
3855:.
3830:.
3805:.
3780:.
3755:.
3627:.
3310:,
3244:.
3229:.
2873:,
2869:,
2865:,
2861:,
2857:,
2853:,
2849:,
2845:,
2841:,
2829:.
2808:,
2804:,
2800:,
2796:,
2743:,
2739:,
2119:;
1598:,
1594:,
1590:,
1523:CO
1442:CO
1421:A
1283:.
1275:,
1271:,
1149:pH
859:.
781:.
404:,
309:A
84:.
36:A
11038:/
10886:)
10882:(
10523:)
10519:(
10224:e
10217:t
10210:v
9826:e
9819:t
9812:v
8978:e
8971:t
8964:v
8923::
8912:.
8894:.
8339:.
8313:.
8279:.
8253:.
8227:.
8193:.
8158:.
8133:.
8107:.
8081:.
8056:.
8031:.
7996:.
7934:.
7883:.
7858:.
7700:.
7674:.
7648:.
7582:,
7555:.
7394:.
7343:.
7317:.
7291:.
7269:.
7244:.
7218:.
7193:.
7167:.
7141:.
7120:.
7095:.
7070:.
7045:.
7020:.
6958:.
6933:.
6907:.
6853:.
6625:.
6320:.
6217:.
6203::
6149:.
6145::
6137::
6068:.
6043:.
6017:.
5954:.
5847:.
5810:.
5766:.
5726:.
5701:.
5675:.
5649:.
5624:.
5599:.
5574:.
5549:.
5524:.
5484:.
5459:.
5434:.
5373:.
5348:.
5323:.
5298:.
5261:.
5236:.
5211:.
5185:(
5127:.
5101:.
5076:.
5001:.
4957:(
4772:.
4699:.
4502:.
4382:.
4365:.
4248:.
4242::
4219:.
4109:.
4091:.
4066:.
4039:.
4005:.
3980:.
3909:.
3884:.
3841:.
3816:.
3791:.
3766:.
2583:(
1528:2
1447:2
985:.
381:5
377:4
313:.
57:£
55:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.