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affected by the plant, which correlates with the bodhisattva's path toward enlightenment. The bodhisattva's path begins with delusions, ignorance, desire, lastly hatred, which all can be translated into moha, raga, dvesa. The opening of the colorful tail of the peacock can be compared to the enlightenment of the bodhisattva. The tradition that comes with the symbol of the peacock is when the bodhisattva becomes enlightened. The bodhisattva's body is adorned with five brightly colored feathers (red, blue, green, and others) that can be seen on the body. During the ceremony, the bodhisattva eats the same poisonous plants as the peacock, as it happens, the feathers slowly change colors since, like the peacock, these individuals are not worried about the harm that may come to them. Essentially the peacock is a symbol of the change from the path of desire to the path of liberation. The deities that are associated with the peacock is
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ethics that had a part of the laws included the commandment to not kill which was similar to the principle of benevolence or jin, 仁. So from the 7th century onwards, the rulers would prohibit the killing of animals since the animals would be a symbol of benevolent rule for these rulers. What this meant for the animals that were kept by imperial officials included dogs, falcons, and cormorants to name a few who were used for hunting purposes were to be set free. Their offices once used for hunting were abolished later on and the personnel who worked there would be transferred. Though the longevity of these decrees did not last long, the decrees had a long-lasting effect on the norms, values, and behavior of at least the upper class of
Japanese society for the next several hundred years.
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rain, in Indian society, but they were also are a symbol of good luck and prosperity, and since they were Kings would own them and even used them in wars. The white elephant can also be seen as a symbol of mental strength, the elephant would start as a gray elephant that is rampant when the mind is uncontrollable. As the individual continues to practice dharma and can tame their mind, the gray elephant now becomes a white one, which is a symbol for strong and powerful, who only destroys in the directions that are willed by the individual. The tusks are also seen as an emblem of the Seven Royal
Emblems. However, Gangpati or
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standing on the end, a bird's claws and wings. In
Hinduism, he can be represented as a human with wings. However, when looking at the symbolism of Garuda, it represents the space element and the power of the sun. Though when looking at the representation from a spiritual view, Garuda represents the spiritual energy that will devour the delusions from jealousy and hatred (represented by snakes). Since he represents the space element, this includes the openness that can be seen when he stretches his wings. Though, when looking at Buddhism specifically, he can represent the
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2232:, horses, elephants, and deer. Most of these are often symbolic of the Buddha himself (and some are epithets of the Buddha), though they may also be depicted as merely decorative illustrations depending on context. According to Jampa Choskyi, while the animals are considered to be symbols for the Buddha, lions are the symbols of the bodhisattvas or also known as the sons of the Buddha. Though the lion, is a symbol of royalty, sovereignty, and protection, is used as a symbol for the Buddha, who is also known as the "lion of the
2423:, which is the vehicle of the deity. Through this, he is also the vehicle form of Lokishvara Hariharihar vahana. However, he is a deity of his own, who is said to be able to cure the bites of snakes, epilepsy, and diseases caused by nagas. Garuda can be found in toranas which are the semicircular tympanum that stands above the temple doors. Along with an emerald that happens to be named Garuda stone which is said to be protection against poison. Images of the deity are on jewelry as protection against the bites of snakes.
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different colors as well as different styles or ways on how they wear it. Once
Buddhism spread throughout China back in sixth century BCE, it was seen wrong to show that much skin, and that's when robes to cover both arms with long sleeves came in to play. In Tibet, it have changed over time and they show both their shoulders as well as having a two piece attire rather than one. Shortly thereafter, Japan integrated a bib along with their long sleeve robe called a
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2666:("Indras post") which appears in early Buddhist sites has sometimes been interpreted as a symbol for the Buddha (but it could just be a symbol of auspiciousness). This is usually "a series of formalized lotus plants one above the other, with artificial brackets in the borders from which hang jewelled garlands and necklaces of lucky talismans betokening both worldly and spiritual riches. At the top there is a trident and at the bottom a pair of footprints".
1308:(five elements). The base is square which represents the earth element, above that sits a dome representing water, on that is a cone representing fire, on the tip of the cone is a crescent representing air, inside the crescent is a flame representing ether. The tapering of the flame to a point can also be said to represent consciousness as a sixth element. The chörten presents these elements of the body in the order of the process of dissolution at death.
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2387:", which has “Aum or Om Mani Padme Hung or hum rhi” as the individual symbols. When said together, the translation of the mantra is "Adoration to the jewel in the Lotus Amen". According to Tseten Namgyal. states that the symbols represented as "Om corresponding angels, Mani representing demons, Padme as men, hum as quadrupeds srhi as birds and reptiles".
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2572:(often under a tree) or a platform. However, these seats or platforms may not specifically symbolize the "vajra seat" itself and may just be an altar or a symbol of the Buddha. A vajra seat or empty seat may also be decorated with lotuses or be depicted as a giant lotus (in this case, it can be referred to as a "lotus throne").
1315:(three aspects) of a Buddha. The ground story may have a statue of the historical Buddha Gautama and depictions of Earth and so represent the nirmāṇakāya. The first story may have Buddha and elaborate ornamentation representing rising above the human condition and the sambhogakāya. The second story may have a primordial
3173:, the reason why the circle was used for centuries in the construction of cosmological models Once the ensō is drawn, one does not change it. It evidences the character of its creator and the context of its creation in a brief, continuous period of time. Ensō exemplifies the various dimensions of the Japanese
2614:) represents the Buddha. These footprints were often placed on stone slabs, and are usually decorated with some other Buddhist symbol, such as a Dharma wheel, swastika, or triratna, indicating Buddhist identity. According to Karlsson, "in the 3rd century AD as many as twelve signs can be seen on slabs from
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Many symbols are depicted in early
Buddhist art. Many of these are ancient, pre-Buddhist and pan-Indian symbols of auspiciousness (mangala). According to Karlsson, Buddhists adopted these signs because "they were meaningful, important and well-known to the majority of the people in India." They also
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religious practices is tribu. Priests and devotees ring bells during the rituals. Together these ritual implements represent the inseparability of wisdom and compassion in the enlightened mindstream. During meditation ringing the bell represents the sound of Buddha teaching the dharma and symbolizes
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Wooden fish symbolized vigilance. In practice is a percussion instrument, known most commonly to the
Western World as a Chinese temple block. It is symbolic of wakeful attention, as the eyes of a fish never close. The sound from the drum is believed to call the attention of divinity, and can also be
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During the early days in Japan, there were some places in the country that would allow the killing of animals in the region. However, Buddhism was transmitted to the country by China via the Korean peninsula. One of the teachings that resonated with the
Japanese people was the basic laws of Buddhist
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The peacock has multiple distinctly different symbols for which it is considered in different parts of the world and religions; however, in
Buddhism, the peacock is a symbol of wisdom. The way they are connected to the bodhisattvas is by the peacock's ability to eat a poisonous plant without getting
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the bones leftover from cremation) were said to have been placed in various stūpas and therefore, Buddhist stūpas are generally symbolic of the Buddha himself, particularly his passing away (final nirvana). It may even have been a belief of some early
Buddhists that the presence of the Buddha or the
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Mudras are another form of physical hand expression in the
Buddhist faith, used to evoke a particular state of mind in buddhist practice. The most recognized mundras are seen in artistic depictions of the Buddha. Every mundra has a symbolic function and an inner symbolic function, for communication
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Vajrayana Buddhism often specifies the number of feet of a Buddha or bodhisattva. While two is common there may also be ten, sixteen, or twenty-four feet. The position of the feet/legs may also have a specific meaning such as in Green Tara who is typically depicted as seated partly cross-legged but
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The hollow of the bell represents the void from which all phenomena arise, including the sound of the bell, and the clapper represents form. Together they symbolize wisdom (emptiness) and compassion (form or appearance). The sound, like all phenomena, arises, radiates forth and then dissolves back
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The five-pronged vajra (with four makara, plus a central prong) is the most commonly seen vajra. There is an elaborate system of correspondences between the five elements of the noumenal side of the vajra, and the phenomenal side. One important correspondence is between the five "poisons" with the
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and the flying elephants would be used as a vehicle for transportation. The elephant was said to be seen seemingly emerging from the white ocean, these animals were seen as having special powers with one being the ability to produce rain. Not only, were they considered to have the power to produce
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when the Buddha takes the form of a white elephant to enter his mother's womb. Though the characteristics that are emphasized are the animal's strength and steadfastness, these are the ones that become the symbol for the individual's mental and physical strength. The other way that the elephant is
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is also known as the king of the birds. When looking at the origins of the name it comes from Gri meaning to swallow since he devours snakes. The way he is represented in iconographies, he can either be seen with the upper body of a human, that has big eyes, a beak, short blue horns, yellow hair
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The style and design of the robes of a monastic often indicate the sect of Buddhism, tradition or country, they belong to. In most Buddhist cultures, the Buddhist monastic robe represents a renunciant monastic. Different traditions, sects of Buddhism (and different countries) will have robes of
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also known as Avalokitesvara, who also takes the form of a horse. When looking at Buddhist iconography, the horse is seen supporting the throne of Tathagatha Ratnasambhava. While they are used for support for Tathagatha Ratnasambhava, the animal is used as transportation for deities and dharma
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Buddhism symbolism is intended to represent the key values of the Buddhist faith. The popularity of certain symbols has grown and changed over time as a result of progression in the followers ideologies. Research has shown that the aesthetic perception of the Buddhist gesture symbol positively
2893:), and later became imbued with different Buddhist meanings. The scepters exact usage is unknown, however, is depicted in ancient Chinese artwork commonly as being held by scholars. The artistic style mirrors Buddhist appreciation of natural forms. Ruyi scepters were often given as gifts.
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A conch shell represents victory, the spreading the teachings of the Buddha far and wide, and the aspect of speech. It is blown on auspicious events to announce (and also invite) the deities or other living beings of the happening of the auspicious event, such as marriages (in Sri Lanka).
2654:). Sometimes the chatra is depicted over an empty seat or a horse, and it is sometimes held by an attendant figure like Chandaka. In other depictions, the chatra is shown over an illustration of the Buddha himself. It also represents royalty and protection, as well as honor and respect.
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3081:. These are mythological half-fish, half-crocodile creatures made up of two or more animals, often representing the union of opposites (or a harmonisation of qualities that transcend our usual experience). From the mouths of the makara come tongues which come together in a point.
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2126:(place of awakening). This tree has been venerated since early Buddhist times and a shrine was built for it. Offerings to the Buddha were offered to the tree. The Bodhi tree (often paired with an empty seat or āsana) thus represents the Buddha himself, as well as liberation and
1621:" are often very fearsome, with monstrous visages, wearing skulls or bodily parts. They also may carry all sorts of weapons or fierce tools, like tridents, flaying knives and skull cups. The fierceness of these deities symbolizes the fierce energy needed to overcome ignorance.
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down is another form of symbolic position in the act of the ritual, when Buddhist bow in front of the Buddha or to another person they aren't bowing at the physical (the human or the statue) but they are bowing at the Buddha inside of them (the human) or it (the statue).
2086:). According to Karlsson "the association between the numbers of the spokes and a special Buddhist doctrine is a later interpretation and not present in early Buddhist art." Early Buddhist depictions contain wheels with various number of spokes (8, 16, 20, 25 and 32).
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five wisdoms. The five poisons are the mental states that obscure the original purity of a being's mind, while the five wisdoms are the five most important aspects of the enlightened mind. Each of the five wisdoms is also associated with a Buddha figure (see also
2240:, which symbolizes the supremacy of the Buddha's teaching over all other spiritual teachings. When looking at the shrines on the iconography, the lions symbolize another role, which they are considered the bodhisattvas who can be seen as the sons of the Buddha.
3149:, ensō (円相, "circular form") is a circle that is hand-drawn in one or two uninhibited brushstrokes to express a moment when the mind is free to let the body create. The ensō symbolizes absolute enlightenment, strength, elegance, the universe, and
2478:). Just like the lotus flower comes up from the muddy water unstained, the Buddha is said to transcend the world without stains. The Indian lotus also appears in early Buddhist sites like Sanchi and Bharhut. It is also the specific symbol of
1896:
In all sects of Buddhism, bells are often used to signify the start of rituals or to mark time. They use the bell to detain away the bad spirits and have the Buddha protect them at the time of their ritual. Some sects call this a part of the
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Buddhist monks traditionally carry a begging bowl, and this is another common symbol of Buddhist monastics around the world (even though not all modern Buddhist traditions make use of the traditional practice of begging for one's food).
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the attainment of wisdom and the understanding of emptiness. During the chanting of the mantras the Bell and Vajra are used together in a variety of different ritualistic ways to represent the union of the male and female principles.
1883:
Shaving ones head is another ritual and symbolic act most Buddhist monastics complete before entering a monastic order. To shave ones head merely signifies ones readiness to enter into the monastic path and abandon the worldly life.
1156:). According to Beer, it represents "the impenetrable, imperishable, immovable, immutable, indivisible, and indestructible state of absolute reality, which is the enlightenment of Buddhahood." The vajra is often paired with a bell (
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to the practitioner as well as those who perceive it. In Buddhist ceremonies, a mundra acts as a form of visual "seal," affirming a faithful vow such as warding off evil spirits. They often accompany mantras when used in practice.
2078:("Turner of the Wheel"). In the Buddhist scriptures, it is described as a royal treasure of great, world class kings, a perfect wheel with a thousand spokes. Because of this, it was thus also used by the Mauryans, especially
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perspective and aesthetic: fukinsei (asymmetry, irregularity), kanso (simplicity), koko (basic; weathered), shizen (without pretense; natural), yugen (subtly profound grace), datsuzoku (freedom), and seijaku (tranquility).
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Initially, Buddhist stūpas were simple domes which developed more elaborate and complex forms in later periods. Over time, the style and design of the stūpa evolved into unique and distinct regional styles (such as Asian
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2791:) represent happiness and spontaneity as well as fertility and abundance. In Tantric Buddhism, it represents the left and right subtle body channels (nadis). In China, it often represents fidelity and conjugal unity.
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Different artistic styles also developed throughout the Theravada world as well as unique ways of depicting the Buddha (such as the Thai style and the Khmer style) containing their own ways of using Buddhist symbols.
185:. According to Karlsson, three specific signs, the Bodhi tree, the Dharma wheel, and the stupa, occur frequently at all these major sites and thus "the earliest Buddhist cult practice focused on these three objects".
2466:) is an ancient symbol of purity, detachment and fertility, and it is used in various Indian religions. In Buddhism, the lotus is also another symbol for the Buddha and his awakening. In the Buddhist scriptures, the
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Some of the characteristics that are emphasized about the horse are their loyalty, industriousness. and swiftness. These characteristics can be seen in the riderless horse (representing the Buddha's royal horse,
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were found in Sanchi stupa number 3, while stupa number 2 contains a casket with relics from 10 monks (according to inscriptions). Stūpa were venerated by Buddhists, with offerings of flowers and the like.
2033:(Buddha's teaching, the ultimate truth). The main idea of this symbol is that the Buddha was seen as a person who "turned the wheel", which signifies a great and revolutionary moment in history (i.e. the
2778:
It also symbolizes the "endless wisdom and compassion for the Buddha," among other interpretations. The symbols are used in a variety of ways, such as greeting cards, ceremonial scarves, and in jewelry.
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blooms on either side of the sphere and come to a point at two points equidistant from the centre, thus giving it the appearance of a "diamond sceptre", which is how the term is sometimes translated.
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255:
2383:, who happens to represent desire and attachment into changes into liberation. Along with the peacock being a symbol in Buddhism, birds as a whole can be seen to be a part of the mantra said during "
3161:. The circle may be open or closed. In the former case, the circle is incomplete, allowing for movement and development as well as the perfection of all things. Zen practitioners relate the idea to
3058:, the primordial nature of the universe, the underlying unity of all things. Emerging from the sphere are two eight petaled lotus flowers. One represents the phenomenal world (or in Buddhist terms
965:
2751:, mainly 卍 and 卐) is common in Buddhist art. It is widely used in East Asia to represent Buddhism, and Buddhist temples. Buddhist symbols like the swastika have also been used as a family emblem (
2343:" in the sutras, which is a mythical serpent-like being with magical powers. However, this term is also generally indicative of the greatness and magical power of the Buddha, whose psychic power (
1861:
Buddhist material and visual culture as well as ritual tools (such as robes and bells) have often developed various symbolic meanings which are commonly shared by Buddhist sects around the world.
517:
Buddhism retained most of the classic Indian Buddhist symbols such as the Dharma wheel, though in many cases, these symbols became more elaborately decorated with gold, jewels and other designs.
2522:) in non-Buddhist contexts. According to Karlsson, the ancient pre-Buddhist symbol was initially seen as a "weapon against enemies or Evil." In Buddhism, this symbol later came to represent the
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An instrument symbolizing vajra is also extensively used in the rituals of the tantra. It consists of a spherical central section, with two symmetrical sets of five prongs, which arc out from
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with one leg down symbolising "immersion within in the absolute, in meditation" and readiness to step forth and help sentient beings by "engagement without in the world through compassion".
161:(322 BCE – 184 BCE), there is little archeological evidence for pre-Mauryan period symbolism. Early Buddhist art (circa 2nd century BCE to 2nd century CE) is commonly (but not exclusively)
2130:. Branches and saplings from the Bodhi tree were sent to other regions as well. It is said that when the Buddha was born, the Bodhi tree sprung up on the bodhimanda at the same time. The
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The victory banner was a military symbol of victory, and symbolizes the Buddha's victory over Mara and the defilements (an epithet for the Buddha is the "conqueror"; in Sanskrit, Jina).
2871:) is "an oil lamp kept in the monastery that in theory was never allowed to burn out". This was used as a symbol for the Buddhist teachings and for the "mind of correct enlightenment" (
2310:" scene (along with Chandaka, the Buddha's attendant holding up a royal umbrella). Meanwhile, deer represent Buddhist disciples, as the Buddha gave his first sermon at the deer park of
1829:
1559:– white, green, yellow, blue, red) are supplemented by several other colors including black and orange and gold (which is commonly associated with yellow). They are commonly used for
2954:
The ring staff is traditionally said to be useful in alerting nearby animals as well as alerting Buddhist donors of the monk's presence (and thus is a symbol of the Buddhist monk).
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165:(i.e. lacking an anthropomorphic image), and instead used various symbols to depict the Buddha. The best examples of this aniconic period symbolism can be found at sites like
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to represent good fortune. This symbol was adopted to symbolize the auspiciousness of the Buddha. The left-facing svastika is often imprinted on the chest, feet or palms of
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1163:), which represents the feminine principle of wisdom. When paired together, they represent the perfect union of wisdom or emptiness (bell) and method or skilful means (
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associated with prayers for rain, the act of reincarnation, and wealth. In Buddhist services, the drum is struck persistently whilst the name of Buddha is chanted.
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3026:(wisdom). Some deities are shown holding each the vajra and bell in separate hands, symbolizing the union of the forces of compassion and wisdom, respectively.
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Buddha is typically red. These deities may also hold various attributes and implements in their hands, like flowers, jewels, bowls and sutras. Depictions of "
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There are also some symbols that are generally unique to East Asian Buddhism, including the purple robe(which indicated a particularly eminent monastic), the
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uses, and thus they "must have been a way for Buddhists to protect themselves, but also a way of popularizing and strengthening the Buddhist movement."
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2278:. While, the elephant is seen as a deity when in the form of Avalokitesvara, the animal has used transportation for Tathagata Aksobhya and the deity
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Lion faced Dakini, wrathful emanation of guru Rinpoche. Painting on the walls of 17th century Tawang Monastery, Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
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3363:). These symbols were pre-Buddhist Indian symbols which were associated with kingship and may originally have included other symbols, like the
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have become a great king, he instead chose to become a great sage. Illustrations from early Buddhist sites as well as Buddhist texts like the
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is chimed 108 times in Buddhist temples to finish the old year and welcome the new one. Each ring represents one of 108 earthly temptations (
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also a symbol of responsibility and earthiness. When looking at the myth in India about elephants, the way that the myth goes is that the
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that have different meanings. Green Tara is associated with protecting people from fear while the White Tara is associated with longevity.
5241:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Buddhist symbolism
4614:"Significance of 'Eight Traditional Tibetan Buddhist Auspicious Symbols /Emblems' (bkra shis rtags brgyad) in day to day Rite and Rituals"
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The number 108 is very sacred in Buddhism. It represents 108 kleshas of humankind to overcome in order to achieve enlightenment. In
2017:) is one of the earliest Buddhist symbols. It is an ancient Indian symbol of sovereignty and auspiciousness (as well as the sun god
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4981:. Internet Archive. Westport, Conn. : Bold Strummer ; White Plains, N.Y. : Distributed by Pro/AM Music Resources.
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may often assume different roles and are thus drawn, sculpted and visualized differently according to these roles. For example,
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are genre of Buddhist art that contains numerous symbols and images in a circle and are an important element of tantric ritual.
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3553:"The Sacred Power of Beauty: Examining the Perceptual Effect of Buddhist Symbols on Happiness and Life Satisfaction in China"
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Other relics belonging to the Buddha's disciples were also enclosed in caskets and placed in stupas. Caskets with relics of
2175:. The earliest Buddhist stupas are from about the 3rd century BCE. In the early Buddhist texts, the Buddha's bodily relics (
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1323:(sexual union with his female counterpart) and be otherwise unadorned representing a return to the absolute reality and the
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at the centre of the sole, or the group of 32, 108 or 132 auspicious signs of the Buddha, engraved or painted on the sole.
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symbolism depicting the Buddha (as well as other figures) became very popular around the first century CE with the arts of
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2568:) and is thus similar to the Bodhi tree in this regard. In early Buddhist art, the vajra seat may also be depicted as an
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Another form of symbolism of the Buddhist is the joining of your hands together at prayer or at the time of the ritual (
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as well as for visualizing deities and spiritual energy, construction of mandalas and the painting of religions icons.
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Depiction of the dream of Maya (Buddha's mother), in which the Buddha enters her side as a white elephant, from Bharhut
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and deer. Contemporary Buddhist art contains numerous symbols, including unique symbols not found in early Buddhism.
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1260:" is widely used to symbolize compassion and is commonly seen inscribed on rocks, prayer wheels, stupas and art. In
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contains numerous esoteric figures and symbols. There are different types of visual art in Indo-Tibetan Vajrayana.
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3207:. There are numerous mudras with different meanings. Mudras are used to represent specific moments in the life of
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A treasure vase, which represents inexhaustible treasure and wealth, is also an attribute of wealth deities like
2314:. In terms of Buddhism, the horse is a symbol of energy and effort when practicing dharma, along with the air or
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Buddhist art is strongly influenced by the Indian Buddhist art styles like the Amaravati and Gupta styles. Thus,
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Carved decorations on the doorway of Sanchi stupa, note the dharma chakra, various animals, and Triratna (with
5136:"Tadeusz Skorupski: The Buddhist Forum, Volume VI. ix, 269 pp. Tring: The Institute of Buddhist Studies, 2001"
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Wayman, Alex. "The Mirror as a Pan-Buddhist Metaphor-Simile." History of Religions 13, no. 4 (1974): 251–269.
2486:(i.e. Padmapani, the "lotus holder"). In Tantric Buddhism, it is also symbolic for the vagina as well as for
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1901:" which is the beginning of a Buddhist ritual. Other ritual tools include drums, wooden fish, trumpets, the
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2021:) which pre-dates Buddhism and was adopted by early Buddhists. It appears in early Buddhist sites such as
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The Emerald Buddha; note the elaborate umbrella (chatra) decorated with Bodhi leaves and the lotus throne
2558:) is a symbol of the Buddha. The vajra seat or awakening seat represents the place where he sat down (in
2322:" is the transportation of the mind and can be ridden on. The deity that is associated with the horse is
2261:
2034:
918:
6603:
5025:
Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art through the Ages,
5003:
Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art through the Ages,
3800:
Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art through the Ages,
3787:
Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art through the Ages,
482:
7964:
7908:
7388:
6864:
6350:
5473:
5306:
852:
6798:
651:
30:
7959:
7798:
7611:
7601:
7473:
6456:
6036:
5797:
5772:
3724:
2135:
1978:
788:, "wheel of life") became well known in China. There were also more elaborate symbols, like Buddhist
5822:
3628:
1752:
7903:
7255:
7069:
7047:
7040:
6943:
6476:
6096:
5912:
5857:
5478:
5284:
3078:
2674:
Another symbol which may indicate the Buddha is a "flaming pillar". This may be a reference to the
2446:
2368:
1110:
703:, Teak wood decorated with mother of pearl and glass. Lanna art, late 15th - early 16th centuries.
3077:
Arranged equally around the mouth of the lotus are two, four, or eight creatures which are called
2395:
1225:, the number 108 and the Buddha eyes (or wisdom eyes) commonly seen on Nepalese stupas such as at
368:
7840:
7820:
7151:
7131:
6888:
6618:
5862:
4170:
3733:
3729:
3405:
2998:
188:
Among the earliest and most common Buddhist symbols found in these early Buddhist sites are the
7850:
7690:
7358:
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7052:
6893:
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6836:
6598:
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3245:
2772:
2575:
1802:
6180:
3277:), which originated in India as a way to count prayers or mantras and commonly have 108 beads.
843:
Chinese Buddhism also adopted traditional pre-Buddhist Chinese symbols and deities, including
7855:
7825:
7406:
7338:
7171:
7086:
7081:
7005:
7000:
6918:
5448:
4941:
2248:
1874:. This was a clothing piece made specifically for their school of Zen which they practice in
1289:
1100:
Casket Seal Dharani written on a five-wheel stupa, with colors representing the five elements
6471:
4582:
2927:
2618:. At that time we can found such signs as fishes, stupas, pillars, flowers, urns of plenty (
38:
7878:
7845:
7830:
7348:
7245:
7191:
7076:
7015:
6983:
6978:
6963:
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6903:
6816:
6508:
6431:
5734:
5674:
5423:
5390:
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5245:
web site showing iconic representations of the 8 auspicious symbols along with explanations
3814:"The Spiritual and Cultural Symbols in a Mahayana Buddhist Temple 'Vihara Lotus' Surakarta"
3720:
3165:, the beauty of imperfection. When the circle is closed, it represents perfection, akin to
2554:
2543:
316:
205:
7718:
6333:
6202:
6128:
6004:
5742:
5255:
2419:, when the sun's rays give life to the earth. The deity that Garuda is associated with is
1546:
1311:
Tibetan temples are often three-storied. The three can represent many aspects such as the
1181:
8:
7685:
7564:
7398:
7373:
7363:
7323:
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7183:
7156:
7116:
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6880:
6311:
6168:
5949:
5927:
5879:
5699:
5499:
5355:
5335:
4761:
4291:
3513:
3387:
3158:
3086:
2715:
1148:
is a key symbol in Vajrayana Buddhism. It represents indestructibility (like a diamond),
769:
5659:
5586:
4022:
3993:
1995:
1582:
are cloth paintings which are commonly used throughout the Indo-Tibetan Buddhist world.
7974:
7969:
7748:
7495:
7458:
7453:
7383:
7333:
7280:
7275:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7126:
7111:
7096:
7091:
7030:
7010:
6973:
6898:
6703:
6404:
6328:
6206:
6148:
5989:
5889:
5817:
5792:
5438:
5368:
5260:
5178:
5163:
3587:
3552:
3023:
3022:(skilful means) whereas its companion tool, the bell which is a female symbol, denotes
2977:
2748:
2641:
2563:
2307:
2131:
2127:
2123:
1966:
103:
7547:
3328:
Mahayana Buddhist art makes use of a common set of Indian "eight auspicious symbols" (
2562:) to meditate and attained awakening. It thus also represents the place of awakening (
1704:
1344:
1176:
7926:
7888:
7584:
7569:
7532:
7517:
7290:
7206:
7121:
6958:
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6635:
6625:
6306:
6153:
6138:
6009:
5932:
5852:
5787:
5719:
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5363:
5211:
5167:
5155:
5106:
5087:
4982:
4894:
4861:
4790:
4735:
4375:, The Wheel Publication No. 137/138, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy • Sri Lanka.
4080:
3835:
3648:"The Meeting of Traditions: Inter-Buddhist and Inter-Religious Relations in the West"
3592:
3574:
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3414:
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3108:
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2631:
2083:
1970:
1915:
1674:
1373:
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844:
286:
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5664:
5564:
4976:
4052:"Why do Buddhist monks and nuns shave their heads? – Mahamevnawa Buddhist Monastery"
3964:
3018:
symbol that represents many things for the tantrika. The vajra is representative of
2847:
2483:
2275:
1007:
7574:
7527:
7522:
7378:
7343:
7318:
7313:
7064:
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6608:
6264:
6257:
6041:
6031:
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5581:
5453:
5203:
5147:
5079:
3825:
3582:
3564:
3469:
3383:
3338:
3112:
2675:
2607:
2589:
2455:
2306:) symbolizes the Buddha's renunciation, and can be seen in some depictions of the "
2029:, where it is a symbol of the Buddha himself. The Dharma wheel also represents the
1594:
1214:
1114:
Five esoteric Buddhist ritual objects from Japan, including vajras, knife and bell.
863:. Japanese Buddhism also developed some unique symbols of its own. For example, in
817:
669:
630:
413:
213:
209:
127:
95:
77:
6653:
4317:
3054:
The vajra is made up of several parts. In the center is a sphere which represents
2594:
2046:
1585:
765:
Statue of Guanyin with various attributes (cintamani, chakra, lotus, prayer beads)
7938:
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7835:
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6355:
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4844:
3634:
3170:
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2114:
2000:
1817:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1538:
1194:
813:
565:
Dhamma wheel, Dvaravati period, Khao Klang Nai, Si Thep Historical Park, Thailand
398:
331:
Buddhapada decorated with lotus roundels, Triratna's and swastikas, 2nd century,
137:
adopted two symbols to represent Buddhism. These were a traditional eight-spoked
6683:
5837:
5827:
5265:
4261:
1149:
7893:
7596:
7446:
7228:
6808:
6788:
6708:
6397:
6387:
6321:
6158:
5644:
5507:
5135:
3830:
3813:
3376:
3236:
3208:
2884:
2724:
2615:
2523:
2355:, king of the nāgas, who is known for having protected the Buddha from storms.
2327:
protectors, known as Mahali and the horse-faced deities, an example of this is
2282:. Like the lion, the elephant is seen as a guardian of temples and the Buddha.
2257:
2187:
1974:
1618:
1610:
1305:
1141:
has numerous esoteric symbols which are not common in other forms of Buddhism.
956:
848:
796:
704:
65:
5151:
4164:
900:
A statue of bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha holding a cintamani stone and a ring staff
476:
A Pillar depicting an empty throne, the Naga king Mucalinda and the Bodhi tree
7953:
7663:
7512:
6821:
6723:
6581:
6382:
6360:
6296:
5967:
5762:
5757:
5649:
5318:
5244:
5176:
Face to Face With the Absent Buddha - The Formation of Buddhist Aniconic Art.
5159:
3839:
3578:
3150:
2949:
2890:
2720:
2274:
is known to be an elephant-faced deity which is a form of the bodhisattva of
2236:". Buddha's teachings are referred to as the "Lion's Roar" (sihanada) in the
2191:
2146:
1958:
1952:
1940:
1719:
1438:
1343:
In Tibetan Buddhist art, various colors and elements are associated with the
1152:
as well as power (like a thunder bolt, which was the weapon of the Vedic god
1049:
748:
452:
The Buddha's horse, Kanthaka, and an attendant with a chakra (royal umbrella)
158:
142:
119:
6121:
6111:
5483:
4837:
3256:
or "wheel of joy" symbol, which can symbolize different sets of three ideas.
3033:
traditions of Buddhism, the vajra is a symbol for the nature of reality, or
2743:
images. The swastika was also a symbol of protection from evil. The ancient
1324:
72:(teaching). Early Buddhist symbols which remain important today include the
7753:
7738:
7708:
7658:
7648:
7490:
7285:
6778:
6613:
6491:
6279:
6274:
6101:
5972:
5847:
5308:
5197:
5073:
4889:
3625:
Face to face with the absent Buddha: The formation of Buddhist Aniconic art
3596:
3569:
3503:
3488:
3475:
3438:
3420:
3398:
3333:
3323:
3282:
3204:
3041:
2963:
2766:
2752:
2599:
2493:
2420:
2384:
2260:, another Indian symbol of royal power. This symbol appears in the myth of
2075:
2013:
2008:
1990:
1643:
1530:
1413:
1368:
1011:
987:
856:
781:
773:
720:
425:
154:
138:
73:
6536:
6521:
6481:
6178:
5842:
5418:
5207:
5083:
4081:"Buddhist Bells and Statues – Presentation | Art in the Modern World 2014"
3313:
A Chinese Metal Cup stand with the eight auspicious symbols (14th century)
3243:
are depicted as holding a flaming sword, symbolizing the power of wisdom (
2889:
Ruyi may have been used as a baton held by a speaker in a conversation (a
2051:, indicate that the worship of Dharma wheels on pillars ("wheel pillars",
772:
adopted many of the classic Buddhist symbolism outlined above. During the
7723:
7552:
6693:
6678:
6461:
6269:
6197:
5977:
5807:
5709:
5556:
5428:
5250:
the eight auspicious symbols of Buddhism — a study in spiritual evolution
4228:
3935:
3651:
3518:
3493:
3293:, which is a tool to drive away insects and thus symbolizes non-harming (
3071:
3048:
3011:
2912:
2902:
2701:
2177:
2074:
The Dharma wheel is thus also a royal symbol, indicating a king who is a
1571:
1560:
1534:
1025:
991:
803:
7713:
6173:
5054:
Zhou Lili. "A Summary of Porcelains' Religious and Auspicious Designs."
4110:"The Meaning of Burning Incense and Ringing Bells in Buddhism | Synonym"
3219:
2835:
2692:
2479:
2380:
1614:
1488:
776:(618–907 CE) Buddhist symbolism became widespread, and symbols like the
261:
Illustrations from Sanchi, depicting a dharma chakra, devotees, and deer
7668:
7626:
7502:
7308:
7233:
6847:
6831:
6793:
6773:
6668:
6643:
6551:
6486:
6466:
6212:
6143:
6014:
5897:
5867:
5802:
5752:
5410:
5400:
5373:
4912:
4704:
Ching, Francis D. K.; Jarzombek, Mark M.; Vikramaditya Prakash (2017).
4196:
3508:
3498:
3261:
3227:
3154:
2569:
2372:
2319:
2295:
2279:
2101:
2095:
1919:). Buddhist compare their fingers with the petals of the lotus flower.
1690:
1316:
1241:
1226:
1218:
700:
673:
300:
197:
85:
6688:
5684:
2648:
In some early reliefs, the Buddha is represented by a royal umbrella (
216:. Several animals are also widely depicted, such as elephants, lions,
7643:
7616:
6783:
6658:
6370:
6286:
6163:
6053:
6026:
6019:
5982:
5939:
5902:
5669:
5634:
5601:
5576:
5531:
4135:"Why Buddhists Join Their Hands in Prayer | Myosenji Buddhist Temple"
3372:
3368:
3290:
3267:
3240:
3174:
3162:
3015:
2559:
2352:
2344:
2328:
2323:
2134:
is an ancient Indian custom which can be found as far back as in the
1969:. The six vertical bands of the flag represent the six colors of the
1962:
1875:
1723:
1463:
1386:
1276:
1237:
1233:
1138:
808:
539:
514:
510:
359:
178:
170:
162:
111:
7416:
6252:
6106:
5872:
5654:
5523:
5515:
5181:.Lokesh, C., & International Academy of Indian Culture. (1999).
2973:
1853:
7933:
7773:
7728:
7673:
7638:
7542:
7201:
6768:
6763:
6713:
6648:
6566:
6531:
6526:
6187:
6058:
6046:
5957:
5616:
5313:
3426:
3364:
3329:
3063:
2843:
2744:
2732:
2687:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2404:
2311:
2303:
2266:
2038:
1936:
1774:
1739:
1659:
1261:
1206:
1118:
777:
614:
421:
417:
332:
201:
107:
81:
57:
47:
6758:
6748:
6733:
6556:
6426:
5694:
2907:
2228:
Early Buddhist art contains various animals. These include lions,
975:) holding a sword and a lotus topped with a sutra, Kamakura period
110:. New symbols continued to develop into the medieval period, with
7678:
7621:
7606:
6753:
6743:
6718:
6593:
6588:
6546:
6516:
6448:
6414:
6301:
6242:
6237:
6091:
5994:
5832:
5782:
5569:
5395:
3557:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
3456:
3253:
3223:
3067:
3059:
3055:
3037:, indicating endless creativity, potency, and skillful activity.
3034:
3007:
2981:
2805:
2771:
The endless knot is a symbol of good luck. It may also represent
2271:
2172:
2026:
1902:
1821:
1758:
1579:
1575:
1320:
1312:
1222:
925:
888:
Chinese Buddhist priest's silk robe with various Buddhist symbols
860:
829:
789:
182:
174:
99:
6365:
6133:
3138:
3129:
2935:
2416:
2400:
2340:
2229:
1330:
868:
249:
Pinnacles from Bharhut depicting Dharmawheels and Lotus roundels
217:
7758:
7743:
7579:
7441:
7421:
7196:
6858:
6738:
6728:
6663:
6291:
6247:
6232:
6222:
6192:
6116:
5999:
5767:
5639:
5383:
5378:
5190:
Before and beyond the Image: Aniconic Symbolism in Buddhist Art
4355:
4353:
3432:
3393:
3346:
3030:
2809:
2800:
2740:
2531:
2527:
2487:
2467:
2411:
2348:
2233:
2200:
2141:
2079:
2063:
2030:
2022:
1920:
1542:
1394:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1200:
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1159:
1127:
1065:
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825:
193:
166:
69:
53:
4503:
Buddhist Architecture, Lee Huu Phuoc, Grafikol 2009, p.140-174
3965:"Get an Overview of the Robes Worn by Buddhist Monks and Nuns"
2149:; note the addition of more elaborate chatras (royal umbrella)
1835:
Container for Buddhist Relics in Shape of Flaming Sacred Jewel
645:
Dhammacakka on Main Gable, Wat Phra Putthabat Tak Pha, Lamphun
7898:
7733:
7591:
7557:
7537:
7507:
7436:
6853:
6698:
6576:
6571:
6541:
6496:
6343:
6338:
6217:
5922:
5747:
5714:
5704:
3474:
Buddha footprints often bear distinguishing marks, such as a
3444:
3200:
3195:
3166:
3104:
3019:
2993:
2969:
2830:
2736:
2697:
2315:
2237:
2164:
2159:
2119:
2109:
2018:
1999:
A Dharma Wheel with a lotus half-roundel and lion base, from
1743:
1285:
1265:
1153:
1145:
1085:
1045:
833:
189:
115:
4350:
2347:) is greater than that of all gods (devas), nature spirits (
1171:), which has four vajra heads emanating from a central hub.
955:
Chinese depiction of Manjushri, riding a lion and holding a
7768:
6561:
6227:
5724:
3382:
The most common set of "Eight Auspicious Symbols" (used in
3098:
3006:
A vajra is a ritual weapon symbolizing the properties of a
2471:
2168:
837:
688:
Buddha Left Footprint, Wat Phra That Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai
500:
A depiction of devas holding up the begging bowl of Buddha.
285:
A depiction of a Dharma wheel held up by lions, one of the
1845:
1746:
is symbolized by the white A inside of a circular rainbow.
7426:
5962:
3146:
2426:
2224:
Snow Lion, one of the types of Lions in Buddha symbolism.
1029:
864:
4477:
4475:
4465:
4463:
3423:(srivasta, granthi) or "curl of happiness" (nandyavarta)
1304:. The chörten consists of five parts that represent the
577:
A Thai Dhamma wheel at Wat Phothivihan, Tumpat, Kelantan
4734:, "Bodhimanda". Princeton: Princeton University Press.
3756:
The Ascendency of Theravada Buddhism in Southeast Asia,
3134:
2622:) and mollusc shells engraved on the buddhapada slab".
1613:
Buddha may be seen in (pale) yellow or orange skin and
1174:
Other tantric ritual symbols include the ritual knife (
792:
and complex images of Buddhas and bodhisattva figures.
5140:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
4367:
4365:
3103:
The vajra is almost always paired with a ritual bell.
2118:) which stood is on the spot where the Buddha reached
1973:
which Buddhists believe emanated from the body of the
1880:
that involves the monks of Japan wearing a straw hat.
92:
influenced perceived happiness and life satisfaction.
5185:. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture.
4730:
Buswell Jr., Robert E.; Lopez Jr., Donald S. (2013).
4472:
4460:
2318:
that will run through the channels of the body. The "
1167:). There is also what is called the "crossed vajra" (
401:
relief with numerous early Buddhist symbols and lions
386:
Bodhi tree with garlands, an umbrella, and Triratna's
4942:"Ruyi Scepter, China ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art"
5226:
The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture.
4362:
1510:Death, death of ignorance, awakening/enlightenment
505:
5239:Sacred Visions: Early Paintings from Central Tibet
3861:see for example: Ensō: Audrey Yoshiko Seo (2007).
3776:Kieschnick (2020), pp. 100, 113–115, 138–139, 153.
2919:), a wooden percussion instrument used in chanting
1460:Knowledge, dark blue also awakening/enlightenment
589:Dhamma wheel at Wat Maisuwankiri, Tumpat, Malaysia
5128:Early Buddhist Art in India: 300 B.C. to 300 A.D.
4764:. Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc. 2008.
1284:Tibetan Buddhist architecture is centered on the
303:showing distinctive heart-shaped leaves and devas
7951:
2171:structures which may derive from ancient Indian
1271:
440:The Buddha turning the dharma wheel at deer park
4386:The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art,
3818:Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion
3051:are represented holding or wielding the vajra.
1840:
1052:(無, "no", "not") widely used in Zen calligraphy
3645:
2931:Tibetan ritual conch shell trumpet with dragon
756:
114:adopting further symbols such as the stylized
5292:
5188:Seckel, Dietrich; Leisinger, Andreas (2004).
4318:"The Origin and Meaning of the Buddhist Flag"
4197:"Mudra: What Do Buddhist Hand Gestures Mean?"
3994:"Buddhist Monks' Robes: An Illustrated Guide"
3707:
3627:. Diss. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2000.
3317:
2482:, the Buddha of the Lotus family, as well as
1801:Manjushri with the flaming sword symbolizing
1777:with windhorse, three jewels and dharma wheel
1338:
1232:There are various mythical creatures used in
1105:
994:dish with Chinese dragons and an endless knot
6074:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
5271:Buddhist Symbols: the Eight Auspicious Signs
5100:
4647:The Lumbini International Research Institute
3463:
1424:jealousy → Accomplishing pristine awareness
3758:p. 133. University of California, Berkeley.
2640:The Buddha as a flaming pillar, Amaravati,
2548:The Buddha throne, or empty seat/platform (
1126:or "double vajra" appears in the emblem of
5299:
5285:
4448:, pp. 319–321. Asian Educational Services.
4310:
3919:
3203:are a series of symbolic hand gestures in
3074:which are perceived by the unenlightened.
3014:(irresistible force). The vajra is a male
2552:, later associated with the "vajra seat",
2183:Buddha's power could be found in a stūpa.
2055:) was a common practice in early Buddhism.
1857:Tibetan Buddhists with prayer beads (mala)
1566:
118:. In the modern era, new symbols like the
4831:
4446:Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Volume 1
4399:Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.–A.D. 700
4258:"Online edition of Daily News - Features"
3829:
3586:
3568:
2711:Endless knot in a Burmese Pali Manuscript
2516:("three jewels"), also called a trident (
2339:The Buddha is also often called a "great
1722:, in use between 1912 and 1950, with two
1499:Attachment → Discernment/ discrimination
148:
5133:
5103:The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols
5071:
4978:Percussion instruments and their history
4680:
4229:"mudra | symbolic gestures | Britannica"
3811:
3404:
3392:
3308:
3218:
3185:Japanese scroll depicting various mudras
3180:
3133:
2997:
2934:
2926:
2906:
2823:
2804:
2714:
2706:
2691:
2635:
2598:Buddha footprint at the entrance of the
2593:
2574:
2492:
2445:
2394:
2362:
2289:
2247:
2219:
2140:
2057:
1994:
1935:
1852:
1844:
1584:
1529:
1329:
1275:
1264:, the mirror is one important symbol of
1117:
1109:
760:
37:
29:
7261:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
5192:, Artibus Asiae, Supplementum 45, 3–107
5023:Williams, Charles Alfred Speed (2006).
5001:Williams, Charles Alfred Speed (2006).
4910:
4787:Buddhist Sculpture of Northern Thailand
4689:
4637:
4580:
4497:
4401:, p. 42. University of California Press
3798:Williams, Charles Alfred Speed (2006).
3785:Williams, Charles Alfred Speed (2006).
3551:Qin, Zhenzhen; Song, Yao (2020-04-08).
3550:
2351:), or nāgas. Another important nāga is
2252:Tibetan painting of a Buddhist elephant
1391:East (or, in alternate system, North)
14:
7952:
7464:List of Buddhist architecture in China
4974:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4611:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4512:Karlsson (2000), pp. 164–165, 174–175.
4320:. The Buddhist Council of Queensland.
4223:
4221:
2427:Prevention of killing animals in Japan
1905:, and the tantric the vajra and bell.
1088:holding a wooden staff and a fly-whisk
64:) to represent certain aspects of the
5280:
5056:The Bulletin of the Shanghai Museum 7
4673:
4671:
4440:
4438:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4324:from the original on 25 December 2018
4190:
4188:
4186:
4023:"Why do Buddhists Shave their Heads?"
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3153:(the void). It is characterised by a
1864:
1820:, a ritual implement associated with
5195:
4911:Project, Tibetan Nuns (2019-04-10).
4732:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
4484:
4194:
3700:
3698:
3679:
3677:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3537:
3535:
3441:(Skt. Dharmacakra Pali. Dhammacakka)
2980:) a person must overcome to achieve
2939:Votive lamps from a Taiwanese temple
2862:
2678:and the Buddha's magical abilities.
2256:The Buddha was also symbolized by a
1965:in the 1880s with the assistance of
1908:
719:Burmese Pali manuscript depicting a
553:Dhamma wheel and deer from Dvaravati
4963:
4555:
4218:
3922:An Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism
1213:Other Vajrayana symbols popular in
1032:, the moon symbolizes enlightenment
24:
7251:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
5183:Dictionary of Buddhist iconography
5134:Kapstein, Matthew T. (June 2004).
4860:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 82–83.
4668:
4583:"Symbolism of Animals in Buddhism"
4435:
4384:John C. Huntington, Dina Bangdel,
4336:
4298:from the original on 15 March 2015
4183:
4162:
3904:
3805:
3070:). This is one of the fundamental
1931:
971:A japanese painting of Manjushri (
25:
7991:
5232:
5121:Elements of Buddhist Iconography.
4789:, p. 301. Serindia Publications.
3754:Prapod Assavavirulhakarn (1990).
3695:
3674:
3603:
3532:
3141:Calligraphy by Kanjuro Shibata XX
2782:
2696:Swastika on a Buddhist temple in
2669:
1789:White elephant with mani (jewels)
1399:Ignorance → Awareness of reality
735:Lion in a Burmese Pali Manuscript
7980:Tibetan Buddhist art and culture
7932:
7922:
7921:
7479:Thai temple art and architecture
7224:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
5464:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
5330:
5317:
5307:
5123:Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
5119:Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. (1998).
4847:, Encyclopædia Britannica (2017)
4708:, p. 570. John Wiley & Sons.
4706:A Global History of Architecture
4490:Encyclopædia Britannica (2008),
4166:Why Do Buddhists Bow to Buddhas?
3214:
2719:Swastika monogram at the end of
2470:compares himself to a lotus (in
1946:
1828:
1810:
1794:
1782:
1766:
1751:
1731:
1711:
1697:
1682:
1667:
1651:
1635:
1572:Indo-Tibetan Buddhism visual art
1474:Anger → "Mirror-like" awareness
1093:
1077:
1057:
1037:
1018:
999:
980:
964:
948:
932:
917:
905:
893:
881:
824:) and various kinds of Buddhist
820:: 十八羅漢)the "ever burning lamp" (
740:
728:
712:
693:
681:
662:
650:
638:
622:
617:stone (monastery boundary stone)
606:
594:
582:
570:
558:
546:
531:
506:Southeast Asian Buddhist symbols
493:
481:
469:
457:
445:
433:
406:
391:
379:
367:
351:
339:
324:
308:
293:
278:
266:
254:
242:
230:
5331:
5065:
5048:
5039:
5030:
5017:
5014:Kieschnick (2020), pp. 116–124.
5008:
4995:
4952:from the original on 2022-09-28
4934:
4923:from the original on 2022-09-29
4904:
4880:
4871:
4850:
4822:
4813:
4800:
4779:
4768:from the original on 2019-04-13
4754:
4745:
4724:
4711:
4698:
4656:from the original on 2020-09-20
4631:
4605:
4593:from the original on 2017-04-15
4542:
4533:
4524:
4515:
4506:
4451:
4426:
4417:
4404:
4391:
4378:
4359:Chauley, G. C. (1998) pp. 1–20.
4284:
4275:
4250:
4239:from the original on 2022-10-29
4207:from the original on 2022-10-29
4173:from the original on 2021-12-12
4156:
4145:from the original on 2018-10-28
4127:
4116:from the original on 2020-02-17
4102:
4091:from the original on 2018-10-28
4073:
4044:
4033:from the original on 2018-10-12
4015:
4004:from the original on 2019-04-14
3986:
3975:from the original on 2019-04-14
3957:
3946:from the original on 2020-02-17
3928:
3895:
3886:
3877:
3868:
3855:
3846:
3792:
3779:
3770:
3761:
3748:
3704:Chauley, G. C. (1998) pp. 1–16.
2760:
2534:(Buddhist monastic community).
2490:(often visualized as lotuses).
2035:teaching of the Buddha's Dharma
1984:
1605:which are different aspects of
1347:and other aspects and symbols:
34:Lotus motif from Sanchi complex
7469:Japanese Buddhist architecture
7271:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
6351:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
5542:Places where the Buddha stayed
5072:Anderson, Carol (2013-10-11).
4347:Karlsson (2000), pp. 160, 164.
4056:Mahamevnawa Buddhist Monastery
3686:
3665:
3639:
3617:
3544:
3351:
2896:
2853:
1449:Pride → Awareness of sameness
1204:) and the thigh bone trumpet (
924:Bhutanese throne cover with a
867:, a widely used symbol is the
315:Relief of the Diamond Throne (
192:(and the relics therein), the
13:
1:
7484:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
4886:(Japanese) Hitoshi Takazawa,
4828:Karlsson (2000), pp. 48, 120.
4819:Karlsson (2000), pp. 100–102.
4677:Karlsson (2000), pp. 165–166.
4521:Karlsson (2000), pp. 183–184.
4201:Tricycle: The Buddhist Review
3863:Zen Circles of Enlightenment.
3812:Prasetyo, Lery (2019-08-01).
3802:pp. 83–87. Tuttle Publishing.
3541:Coomaraswamy (1998), pp. 1–5.
3525:
2957:
2943:
2657:
2583:
2530:(teaching, eternal law), and
2442:Sacred lotus in religious art
2089:
1280:Eight types of Tibetan stupas
1272:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
943:with Dharma wheel and gankyil
871:, a hand-drawn black circle.
705:Wat Phra Singh Woramahaviharn
672:outside the Silver temple in
346:Buddhapada with other symbols
135:World Fellowship of Buddhists
133:At its founding in 1952, the
27:Religious symbols in Buddhism
7241:Buddhism and the Roman world
7217:Decline of Buddhism in India
7212:History of Buddhism in India
5312: Topics in
4457:Karlsson (2000), pp. 98–102.
4412:The Footprint of the Buddha,
4058:. 2018-04-20. Archived from
3062:), the other represents the
2972:, at the end of the year, a
2787:A pair of fishes (Sanskrit:
2537:
2512:Another early symbol is the
2450:Lotus and triratna at Sanchi
1841:Symbolic physical attributes
1628:
1410:Peace, protection from harm
874:
828:or charms, such as Japanese
524:
237:A Dharmachakra being revered
7:
6439:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
6179:
5228:Princeton University Press.
4686:AN 10.81, '"Bāhuna suttaṃ".
3481:
3453:(Skt. chatra; Pali. Chatta)
3375:(this is still part of the
3270:or "wish fulfilling jewel".
3047:Various figures in Tantric
2681:
2501:
2407:artwork, second century CE.
2294:Tibetan bronze statue of a
2243:
912:The Flaming Sword of Wisdom
757:East Asian Buddhist symbols
374:Empty throne and bodhi tree
273:Dharmachakra, and elephants
10:
7996:
7389:The unanswerable questions
5273:(archived 6 February 2006)
5196:Xing, Guang (2004-11-10).
5174:Karlsson, Klemens (2000).
5027:p. 201. Tuttle Publishing.
5005:p. 413. Tuttle Publishing.
4858:The Symbolism of the Stupa
4762:"Footprints of the Buddha"
4397:Pal, Pratapaditya (1986),
4371:T. B. Karunaratne (1969),
3831:10.18784/analisa.v4i01.788
3789:p. 170. Tuttle Publishing.
3467:
3435:(Skt. dhvaja; Pali. dhaja)
3417:(Skt. padma; Pali. Paduma)
3321:
3318:The eight auspicious signs
3280:The wish fulfilling tree (
3193:
3127:
3096:
3010:(indestructibility) and a
2991:
2961:
2947:
2900:
2882:
2798:
2764:
2735:was traditionally used in
2685:
2629:
2625:
2587:
2541:
2505:
2439:
2358:
2210:
2157:
2093:
1988:
1950:
1849:Two Burmese Buddhist monks
1555:The five colors (Sanskrit
1339:Colour in Tibetan Buddhism
1106:Vajrayana Buddhist symbols
859:and various generals like
223:
7917:
7869:
7784:
7699:
7474:Buddhist temples in Korea
7397:
7299:
7182:
6879:
6807:
6634:
6507:
6447:
6082:
6037:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
5948:
5940:Three planes of existence
5888:
5733:
5625:
5555:
5547:Buddha in world religions
5409:
5354:
5326:
5252:(archived 1 January 2017)
5224:Kieschnick, John (2020).
5199:The Concept of the Buddha
5152:10.1017/s0041977x04420163
5105:. Serindia Publications.
4893:, Tōkyōdō Shuppan, 2008.
4856:Adrian Snodgrass (1992).
4444:G.P. Malalasekera (2003)
4373:The Buddhist Wheel Symbol
3852:Kieschnick (2020), p. 83.
3767:Kieschnick (2020), p. 85.
3725:Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
3464:Symbols on Feet of Buddha
3371:, a throne, a drum and a
3342:
3304:
3259:Various kinds of jewels (
3189:
2867:The "ever-burning lamp" (
2794:
2390:
2136:Indus Valley Civilization
1383:Purity, primordial being
657:A Thai style Dhamma wheel
420:, with depictions of the
42:An "Indra Post" at Sanchi
7256:Persecution of Buddhists
6477:Four stages of awakening
5858:Three marks of existence
5444:Physical characteristics
5266:Buddhist Tantric Symbols
5261:Tibetan Buddhist Symbols
5256:General Buddhist Symbols
4877:Karlsson (2000), p. 169.
4785:Stratton, Carol (2003).
4751:Karlsson (2000), p. 166.
4539:Karlsson (2000), p. 182.
4530:Karlsson (2000), p. 181.
4481:Karlsson (2000), p. 175.
4469:Karlsson (2000), p. 158.
4432:Karlsson (2000), p. 162.
4423:Karlsson (2000), p. 161.
3901:Beer (2003), pp. 98–112.
3692:Karlsson (2000), p. 174.
3614:Karlsson (2000), p. 168.
2987:
2676:Twin Miracle at Savatthi
2435:
2369:Wat Phra That Doi Suthep
2285:
2153:
1887:
1068:of a monk's ring staff (
836:, and Chinese fu (符) or
6619:Ten principal disciples
5502:(aunt, adoptive mother)
5126:Chauley, G. C. (1998).
4946:collections.artsmia.org
4695:AN 4.36, "Doṇa suttaṃ".
4640:"Buddhism and Violence"
4638:Vollmer, Klaus (2006).
4612:Namgya, Tseten (2016).
4581:Choskyi, Jampa (1988).
4410:Ludowyk, E.F.C. (2013)
3865:Shambhala Publications.
3730:Smithsonian Institution
3683:Karlsson (2000), p. 11.
3273:Buddhist prayer beads (
3123:
3092:
2878:
2819:
2497:Vajra seat at Bodh Gaya
2399:Garuda vanquishing the
2334:
2215:
2167:(literally "heap") are
2145:The development of the
1567:Indo-Tibetan visual art
1252:and tiger. The popular
1084:A portrait of Zen monk
7329:Buddhism and democracy
6842:Tibetan Buddhist canon
6837:Chinese Buddhist canon
6069:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
6064:Early Buddhist schools
5045:Beer (2003), pp. 1–14.
4975:Blades, James (1992).
4552:e, p.149-150, Grafikol
4548:Lee Huu Phuoc (2009).
3732:. 2008. Archived from
3570:10.3390/ijerph17072551
3410:
3402:
3361:bkra-shis rtags-brgyad
3314:
3231:
3186:
3142:
3003:
2940:
2932:
2920:
2839:
2838:. Nepal, 17th century.
2813:
2728:
2712:
2704:
2645:
2603:
2580:
2498:
2451:
2408:
2375:
2298:
2253:
2225:
2150:
2122:("bodhi"), called the
2071:
2066:complex topped with a
2004:
1943:
1858:
1850:
1590:
1552:
1457:Blue (light and dark)
1335:
1281:
1192:), the flaying knife (
1137:, "Secret Mantra") or
1130:
1115:
1028:is widely depicted in
784:(Chinese: 法輪; pinyin:
766:
149:Early Buddhist symbols
43:
35:
7339:Eight Consciousnesses
5449:Life of Buddha in art
5208:10.4324/9780203413104
5101:Beer, Robert (2003).
5084:10.4324/9781315027401
4913:"Eternal Knot Symbol"
4719:Buddhist Architecture
3715:"The Art of Buddhism"
3671:Chauley (1998), p. 4.
3408:
3396:
3312:
3235:Some deities such as
3222:
3184:
3137:
3002:Ritual bell and vajra
3001:
2938:
2930:
2910:
2827:
2808:
2773:dependent origination
2757:) by Japanese clans.
2718:
2710:
2695:
2639:
2597:
2578:
2496:
2449:
2398:
2366:
2293:
2251:
2223:
2144:
2061:
1998:
1939:
1856:
1848:
1726:and the three jewels.
1588:
1533:
1333:
1279:
1121:
1113:
764:
41:
33:
7816:East Asian religions
7246:Buddhism in the West
6817:Early Buddhist texts
6432:Four Right Exertions
5898:Ten spiritual realms
5391:Noble Eightfold Path
4917:Tibetan Nuns Project
4550:Buddhist Architectur
3736:on 17 September 2022
3721:Freer Gallery of Art
3646:Freiberger, Oliver.
3379:eight symbol list).
2544:Vajrasana, Bodh Gaya
2041:). While the Buddha
1345:five Buddha families
1288:, called in Tibetan
751:, Bangkok, Thailand.
319:) with two triratnas
204:(three jewels), the
18:Buddhist iconography
7939:Religion portal
7686:Temple of the Tooth
7565:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
6604:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
6097:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
5880:Two truths doctrine
5700:Mahapajapati Gotamī
5500:Mahapajapati Gotamī
5075:Pain and Its Ending
4808:"A Guide to Sanchi"
4292:"The Buddhist Flag"
4027:www.chomonhouse.org
3936:"Buddhism in China"
3892:Beer (2003), p. 95.
3883:Beer (2003), p. 92.
3874:Beer (2003), p. 87.
3623:Karlsson, Klemens.
3514:Religious symbolism
3427:Pair of golden fish
3409:Burmese Buddha feet
3388:East Asian Buddhism
3159:Japanese aesthetics
3087:Five Wisdom Buddhas
1545:and tantric staff (
1369:Transforming effect
1044:Calligraphy of the
806:", the ring staff (
770:East Asian Buddhism
122:were also adopted.
7861:Western philosophy
7459:Dzong architecture
7281:Vipassana movement
7276:Buddhist modernism
6704:Emperor Wen of Sui
6472:Pratyekabuddhayāna
6405:Threefold Training
6207:Vipassana movement
5923:Hungry Ghost realm
5743:Avidyā (Ignorance)
5690:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
5439:Great Renunciation
5434:Eight Great Events
5316:
5179:Uppsala University
5036:Beer (2003), p. 1.
4843:2021-05-08 at the
4233:www.britannica.com
3633:2021-10-01 at the
3429:(Skt. matsyayugma)
3411:
3403:
3315:
3232:
3187:
3143:
3107:term for a ritual
3004:
2941:
2933:
2921:
2840:
2814:
2749:Chinese characters
2729:
2721:Karna Chaupar Cave
2713:
2705:
2646:
2604:
2602:temple, Sri Lanka.
2581:
2499:
2452:
2409:
2376:
2308:Great Renunciation
2299:
2254:
2226:
2151:
2072:
2005:
1967:Henry Steel Olcott
1944:
1865:Robes and baldness
1859:
1851:
1591:
1553:
1336:
1282:
1186:), the skull cup (
1180:), tantric staff (
1133:Mantric Buddhism (
1131:
1116:
767:
747:Garuda and Nagas,
538:Dhamma wheel from
112:Vajrayana Buddhism
104:Greco-Buddhist art
44:
36:
7965:Religious symbols
7947:
7946:
7585:Om mani padme hum
7291:Women in Buddhism
7207:Buddhist councils
7077:Western countries
6865:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
6626:Shaolin Monastery
6203:Samatha-vipassanā
5813:Pratītyasamutpāda
5617:Metteyya/Maitreya
5535:
5527:
5519:
5511:
5503:
5495:
5487:
5364:Four Noble Truths
5130:Sundeep Prakashan
5112:978-1-932476-03-3
4988:978-0-933224-71-1
4899:978-4-490-10738-8
4866:978-81-208-0781-5
4414:Routledge, p. 22.
4163:본엄 (2015-06-07),
4085:blogs.cornell.edu
3457:White Conch Shell
3230:(the vajra realm)
2863:Ever-burning lamp
2632:Chatra (umbrella)
2084:Pillars of Ashoka
1977:when he attained
1959:five-colored flag
1909:Physical gestures
1677:in Tibetan script
1675:Om mani padme hum
1528:
1527:
1485:Love, compassion
1258:om mani padme hum
1221:(wheel of life),
416:. First century,
287:pillars of Ashoka
143:five-colored flag
16:(Redirected from
7987:
7960:Buddhist symbols
7937:
7936:
7925:
7924:
7764:Sacred languages
7612:Maya Devi Temple
7575:Mahabodhi Temple
7379:Secular Buddhism
7344:Engaged Buddhism
6184:
6032:Tibetan Buddhism
5983:Vietnamese Thiền
5582:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
5533:
5525:
5517:
5509:
5501:
5493:
5485:
5334:
5333:
5321:
5311:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5278:
5277:
5221:
5171:
5116:
5097:
5059:
5052:
5046:
5043:
5037:
5034:
5028:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5006:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4972:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4908:
4902:
4888:Encyclopedia of
4884:
4878:
4875:
4869:
4854:
4848:
4838:Swastika: SYMBOL
4835:
4829:
4826:
4820:
4817:
4811:
4806:Marshall, John.
4804:
4798:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4758:
4752:
4749:
4743:
4728:
4722:
4715:
4709:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4644:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4578:
4553:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4495:
4488:
4482:
4479:
4470:
4467:
4458:
4455:
4449:
4442:
4433:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4415:
4408:
4402:
4395:
4389:
4382:
4376:
4369:
4360:
4357:
4348:
4345:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4288:
4282:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4260:. Archived from
4254:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4192:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3920:Sangharakshita.
3917:
3902:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3866:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3833:
3809:
3803:
3796:
3790:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3759:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3693:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3672:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3650:. Archived from
3643:
3637:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3601:
3600:
3590:
3572:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3470:Buddha footprint
3353:
3344:
3120:into emptiness.
2812:, victory banner
2747:(which are also
2608:Buddha footprint
2590:Buddha footprint
2460:Nelumbo nucifera
2132:worship of trees
2070:(royal umbrella)
2062:Bodhi tree from
1961:was designed in
1832:
1814:
1798:
1786:
1773:State emblem of
1770:
1755:
1735:
1715:
1701:
1686:
1671:
1655:
1639:
1619:wrathful deities
1595:Buddhist deities
1493:West (or South)
1468:Centre (or n/a)
1443:South (or West)
1350:
1349:
1215:Tibetan Buddhism
1097:
1081:
1061:
1041:
1022:
1003:
984:
968:
952:
936:
921:
909:
897:
885:
744:
732:
716:
697:
685:
670:Buddha footprint
666:
654:
642:
631:Chainat province
626:
610:
598:
586:
574:
562:
550:
535:
497:
488:A Naga at Sanchi
485:
473:
461:
449:
437:
414:Buddha footprint
410:
395:
383:
371:
355:
343:
328:
312:
297:
282:
270:
258:
246:
234:
214:Buddha footprint
21:
7995:
7994:
7990:
7989:
7988:
7986:
7985:
7984:
7950:
7949:
7948:
7943:
7931:
7913:
7865:
7780:
7695:
7432:Ordination hall
7393:
7295:
7266:Buddhist crisis
7178:
6875:
6827:Mahayana sutras
6803:
6799:Thích Nhất Hạnh
6630:
6503:
6443:
6393:Bodhisattva vow
6078:
5944:
5884:
5843:Taṇhā (Craving)
5778:Five hindrances
5729:
5621:
5551:
5405:
5350:
5322:
5305:
5235:
5218:
5113:
5094:
5068:
5063:
5062:
5053:
5049:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5031:
5022:
5018:
5013:
5009:
5000:
4996:
4989:
4973:
4964:
4955:
4953:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4926:
4924:
4909:
4905:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4855:
4851:
4845:Wayback Machine
4836:
4832:
4827:
4823:
4818:
4814:
4805:
4801:
4784:
4780:
4771:
4769:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4750:
4746:
4729:
4725:
4716:
4712:
4703:
4699:
4694:
4690:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4669:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4622:
4620:
4610:
4606:
4596:
4594:
4579:
4556:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4507:
4502:
4498:
4489:
4485:
4480:
4473:
4468:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4443:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4422:
4418:
4409:
4405:
4396:
4392:
4383:
4379:
4370:
4363:
4358:
4351:
4346:
4337:
4327:
4325:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4301:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4280:
4276:
4267:
4265:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4242:
4240:
4227:
4226:
4219:
4210:
4208:
4193:
4184:
4176:
4174:
4161:
4157:
4148:
4146:
4139:nstmyosenji.org
4133:
4132:
4128:
4119:
4117:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4094:
4092:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4065:
4063:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4036:
4034:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4007:
4005:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3978:
3976:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3949:
3947:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3918:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3810:
3806:
3797:
3793:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3657:
3655:
3644:
3640:
3635:Wayback Machine
3622:
3618:
3613:
3604:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3484:
3472:
3466:
3451:Jeweled Parasol
3377:Newari Buddhist
3326:
3320:
3307:
3266:), such as the
3217:
3198:
3192:
3132:
3126:
3101:
3095:
2996:
2990:
2966:
2960:
2952:
2946:
2905:
2899:
2887:
2881:
2865:
2856:
2850:and Vasudhara.
2836:Buddha Amitābha
2822:
2803:
2797:
2785:
2769:
2763:
2690:
2684:
2672:
2660:
2634:
2628:
2592:
2586:
2546:
2540:
2510:
2504:
2484:Avalokiteshvara
2444:
2438:
2429:
2393:
2367:Peacock Gable,
2361:
2337:
2288:
2246:
2218:
2213:
2173:funerary mounds
2162:
2156:
2115:ficus religiosa
2098:
2092:
1993:
1987:
1955:
1949:
1934:
1932:Notable symbols
1911:
1890:
1867:
1843:
1836:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1787:
1778:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1747:
1736:
1727:
1716:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1678:
1672:
1663:
1656:
1647:
1640:
1631:
1569:
1435:Wealth, beauty
1418:North (or n/a)
1341:
1274:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1062:
1053:
1042:
1033:
1023:
1014:
1004:
995:
985:
976:
969:
960:
953:
944:
937:
928:
922:
913:
910:
901:
898:
889:
886:
877:
849:Chinese dragons
814:Eighteen Arhats
759:
752:
745:
736:
733:
724:
717:
708:
698:
689:
686:
677:
667:
658:
655:
646:
643:
634:
627:
618:
611:
602:
601:Dhamma wheel at
599:
590:
587:
578:
575:
566:
563:
554:
551:
542:
536:
527:
508:
501:
498:
489:
486:
477:
474:
465:
462:
453:
450:
441:
438:
429:
411:
402:
399:Amaravati Stupa
396:
387:
384:
375:
372:
363:
362:in the center).
356:
347:
344:
335:
329:
320:
313:
304:
298:
289:
283:
274:
271:
262:
259:
250:
247:
238:
235:
226:
151:
96:Anthropomorphic
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7993:
7983:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7941:
7929:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7912:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7875:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7806:
7796:
7790:
7788:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7778:
7777:
7776:
7771:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7705:
7703:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7682:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7630:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7588:
7587:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7561:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7499:
7498:
7496:Greco-Buddhist
7488:
7487:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7450:
7449:
7447:Burmese pagoda
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7403:
7401:
7395:
7394:
7392:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7305:
7303:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7229:Greco-Buddhism
7226:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7188:
7186:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7162:United Kingdom
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7107:Czech Republic
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7067:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7045:
7044:
7043:
7038:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6997:
6996:
6986:
6981:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6885:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6871:Abhidharmadīpa
6868:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6813:
6811:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6789:B. R. Ambedkar
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6709:Songtsen Gampo
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6640:
6638:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6622:
6621:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6513:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6453:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6424:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6402:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6388:Eight precepts
6385:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6348:
6347:
6346:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6267:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6176:
6166:
6161:
6159:Five Strengths
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6099:
6094:
6088:
6086:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5954:
5952:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5900:
5894:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5798:Mental factors
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5650:Mahamoggallāna
5647:
5642:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5565:Avalokiteśvara
5561:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5529:
5521:
5513:
5505:
5497:
5489:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5366:
5360:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5304:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5247:
5242:
5234:
5233:External links
5231:
5230:
5229:
5222:
5216:
5193:
5186:
5172:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5111:
5098:
5092:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5047:
5038:
5029:
5016:
5007:
4994:
4987:
4962:
4933:
4903:
4879:
4870:
4849:
4830:
4821:
4812:
4799:
4778:
4753:
4744:
4723:
4717:Huu Phuoc Le.
4710:
4697:
4688:
4679:
4667:
4630:
4604:
4554:
4541:
4532:
4523:
4514:
4505:
4496:
4483:
4471:
4459:
4450:
4434:
4425:
4416:
4403:
4390:
4377:
4361:
4349:
4335:
4309:
4283:
4274:
4249:
4217:
4182:
4155:
4126:
4101:
4072:
4043:
4014:
3985:
3956:
3927:
3903:
3894:
3885:
3876:
3867:
3854:
3845:
3804:
3791:
3778:
3769:
3760:
3747:
3706:
3694:
3685:
3673:
3664:
3638:
3616:
3602:
3543:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3433:Victory banner
3430:
3424:
3418:
3397:Tibetan style
3322:Main article:
3319:
3316:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3287:
3278:
3271:
3257:
3250:
3237:Prajñaparamita
3216:
3213:
3209:Gautama Buddha
3194:Main article:
3191:
3188:
3128:Main article:
3125:
3122:
3097:Main article:
3094:
3091:
2992:Main article:
2989:
2986:
2962:Main article:
2959:
2956:
2948:Main article:
2945:
2942:
2901:Main article:
2898:
2895:
2885:Ruyi (scepter)
2883:Main article:
2880:
2877:
2864:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2834:with image of
2821:
2818:
2799:Main article:
2796:
2793:
2784:
2783:Pair of fishes
2781:
2765:Main article:
2762:
2759:
2725:Emperor Ashoka
2686:Main article:
2683:
2680:
2671:
2670:Flaming pillar
2668:
2659:
2656:
2630:Main article:
2627:
2624:
2616:Nagarjunakonda
2588:Main article:
2585:
2582:
2542:Main article:
2539:
2536:
2506:Main article:
2503:
2500:
2440:Main article:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2392:
2389:
2360:
2357:
2336:
2333:
2287:
2284:
2276:Avalokitesvara
2258:white elephant
2245:
2242:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2158:Main article:
2155:
2152:
2094:Main article:
2091:
2088:
1989:Main article:
1986:
1983:
1951:Main article:
1948:
1945:
1933:
1930:
1910:
1907:
1889:
1886:
1866:
1863:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1781:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1761:, wheel of joy
1757:
1750:
1748:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1664:
1662:, three jewels
1658:Tibetan style
1657:
1650:
1648:
1642:Tibetan style
1641:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1568:
1565:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:n/a (or East)
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1340:
1337:
1327:"truth body".
1273:
1270:
1198:), hand drum (
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1063:
1056:
1054:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1024:
1017:
1015:
1005:
998:
996:
986:
979:
977:
970:
963:
961:
954:
947:
945:
938:
931:
929:
923:
916:
914:
911:
904:
902:
899:
892:
890:
887:
880:
876:
873:
758:
755:
754:
753:
746:
739:
737:
734:
727:
725:
718:
711:
709:
699:
692:
690:
687:
680:
678:
668:
661:
659:
656:
649:
647:
644:
637:
635:
628:
621:
619:
612:
605:
603:
600:
593:
591:
588:
581:
579:
576:
569:
567:
564:
557:
555:
552:
545:
543:
537:
530:
526:
523:
507:
504:
503:
502:
499:
492:
490:
487:
480:
478:
475:
468:
466:
463:
456:
454:
451:
444:
442:
439:
432:
430:
412:
405:
403:
397:
390:
388:
385:
378:
376:
373:
366:
364:
357:
350:
348:
345:
338:
336:
330:
323:
321:
314:
307:
305:
299:
292:
290:
284:
277:
275:
272:
265:
263:
260:
253:
251:
248:
241:
239:
236:
229:
225:
222:
150:
147:
52:is the use of
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7992:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7928:
7920:
7919:
7916:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7872:
7868:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7801:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7791:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7704:
7702:
7701:Miscellaneous
7698:
7692:
7691:Vegetarianism
7689:
7687:
7684:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7656:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7535:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7513:Buddha in art
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7492:
7489:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7448:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7396:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7298:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7235:
7232:
7231:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7181:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7167:United States
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7058:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6994:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6878:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6866:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6810:
6806:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6724:Padmasambhava
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6637:
6636:Major figures
6633:
6627:
6624:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6582:Western tulku
6580:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6446:
6440:
6437:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6383:Five precepts
6381:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6361:Dhamma vicaya
6359:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6345:
6342:
6341:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6129:Buddhābhiṣeka
6127:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5941:
5938:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5881:
5878:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5773:Enlightenment
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5763:Dhamma theory
5761:
5759:
5758:Buddha-nature
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5597:Samantabhadra
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5536:
5530:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5514:
5512:
5506:
5504:
5498:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5302:
5297:
5295:
5290:
5288:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5217:9781134317004
5213:
5209:
5205:
5202:. Routledge.
5201:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5108:
5104:
5099:
5095:
5093:9781136813252
5089:
5085:
5081:
5078:. Routledge.
5077:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5058:(1996), p.133
5057:
5051:
5042:
5033:
5026:
5020:
5011:
5004:
4998:
4990:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4883:
4874:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4834:
4825:
4816:
4809:
4803:
4796:
4795:1-932476-09-1
4792:
4788:
4782:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4748:
4741:
4740:9781400848058
4737:
4733:
4727:
4720:
4714:
4707:
4701:
4692:
4683:
4674:
4672:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4551:
4545:
4536:
4527:
4518:
4509:
4500:
4493:
4487:
4478:
4476:
4466:
4464:
4454:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4429:
4420:
4413:
4407:
4400:
4394:
4387:
4381:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4356:
4354:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4297:
4294:. Buddhanet.
4293:
4287:
4278:
4264:on 2004-09-23
4263:
4259:
4253:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4159:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4062:on 2018-10-28
4061:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3923:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3898:
3889:
3880:
3871:
3864:
3858:
3849:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3795:
3788:
3782:
3773:
3764:
3757:
3751:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3701:
3699:
3689:
3680:
3678:
3668:
3654:on 2004-06-26
3653:
3649:
3642:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3620:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3598:
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3517:
3515:
3512:
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3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3479:
3477:
3471:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3445:Treasure vase
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3400:
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3311:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3215:Other symbols
3212:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3000:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2955:
2951:
2950:Buddhist flag
2937:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2891:talking stick
2886:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:changmingdeng
2860:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2826:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2792:
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2679:
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2655:
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2609:
2601:
2596:
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2566:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2545:
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2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2448:
2443:
2433:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2417:dana paramita
2413:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2350:
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2342:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2297:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2148:
2147:Butkara Stupa
2143:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2014:dharma-chakra
2010:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1979:Enlightenment
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1953:Buddhist flag
1947:Buddhist flag
1942:
1941:Buddhist flag
1938:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1862:
1855:
1847:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1720:Flag of Tibet
1714:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1646:with two deer
1645:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1539:flaying knife
1536:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1498:
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1487:
1484:
1481:
1480:
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1473:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1439:Ratnasaṃbhava
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
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1379:
1378:
1375:
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1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:
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1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:art as well:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1112:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
983:
978:
974:
967:
962:
958:
951:
946:
942:
935:
930:
927:
920:
915:
908:
903:
896:
891:
884:
879:
878:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:changmingdeng
819:
816:(or Luohan) (
815:
811:
810:
805:
801:
799:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
763:
750:
749:Wat Phra Kaeo
743:
738:
731:
726:
722:
715:
710:
706:
702:
696:
691:
684:
679:
675:
671:
665:
660:
653:
648:
641:
636:
632:
625:
620:
616:
613:A mold and a
609:
604:
597:
592:
585:
580:
573:
568:
561:
556:
549:
544:
541:
534:
529:
528:
522:
518:
516:
512:
496:
491:
484:
479:
472:
467:
460:
455:
448:
443:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
409:
404:
400:
394:
389:
382:
377:
370:
365:
361:
354:
349:
342:
337:
334:
327:
322:
318:
311:
306:
302:
296:
291:
288:
281:
276:
269:
264:
257:
252:
245:
240:
233:
228:
227:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:The earliest
146:
144:
140:
136:
131:
129:
126:may have had
123:
121:
120:Buddhist flag
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
49:
40:
32:
19:
7879:Bodhisattvas
7799:Christianity
7794:Baháʼí Faith
7659:Dharmachakra
7653:
7649:Prayer wheel
7639:Prayer beads
7407:Architecture
7286:969 Movement
7070:Saudi Arabia
7048:Central Asia
7041:South Africa
6863:
6846:
6779:Panchen Lama
6684:Buddhapālita
6280:Satipatthana
6275:Mindful Yoga
6188:Recollection
6102:Brahmavihara
5973:Japanese Zen
5968:Chinese Chan
5928:Animal realm
5735:Key concepts
5557:Bodhisattvas
5369:Three Jewels
5225:
5198:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5143:
5139:
5127:
5120:
5102:
5074:
5066:Bibliography
5055:
5050:
5041:
5032:
5024:
5019:
5010:
5002:
4997:
4977:
4954:. Retrieved
4945:
4936:
4925:. Retrieved
4916:
4906:
4887:
4882:
4873:
4857:
4852:
4833:
4824:
4815:
4807:
4802:
4786:
4781:
4770:. Retrieved
4756:
4747:
4731:
4726:
4718:
4713:
4705:
4700:
4691:
4682:
4658:. Retrieved
4646:
4633:
4621:. Retrieved
4617:
4607:
4595:. Retrieved
4586:
4549:
4544:
4535:
4526:
4517:
4508:
4499:
4491:
4486:
4453:
4445:
4428:
4419:
4411:
4406:
4398:
4393:
4385:
4380:
4372:
4326:. Retrieved
4312:
4300:. Retrieved
4286:
4277:
4266:. Retrieved
4262:the original
4252:
4241:. Retrieved
4232:
4209:. Retrieved
4200:
4175:, retrieved
4165:
4158:
4147:. Retrieved
4138:
4129:
4118:. Retrieved
4104:
4093:. Retrieved
4084:
4075:
4064:. Retrieved
4060:the original
4055:
4046:
4035:. Retrieved
4026:
4017:
4006:. Retrieved
3997:
3988:
3977:. Retrieved
3968:
3959:
3948:. Retrieved
3940:Asia Society
3939:
3930:
3921:
3897:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3862:
3857:
3848:
3824:(1): 59–78.
3821:
3817:
3807:
3799:
3794:
3786:
3781:
3772:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3740:29 September
3738:. Retrieved
3734:the original
3718:
3709:
3688:
3667:
3656:. Retrieved
3652:the original
3641:
3624:
3619:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3504:Japanese art
3489:Buddhist art
3476:Dharmachakra
3473:
3439:Dharma wheel
3421:Endless knot
3415:Lotus flower
3381:
3360:
3350:
3332:
3327:
3324:Ashtamangala
3294:
3283:kalpavriksha
3281:
3274:
3260:
3244:
3205:Buddhist art
3199:
3144:
3118:
3102:
3083:
3076:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3028:
3005:
2967:
2964:108 (number)
2953:
2922:
2916:
2911:A Japanese "
2888:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2857:
2841:
2829:
2815:
2788:
2786:
2777:
2770:
2767:Endless knot
2761:Endless knot
2753:
2730:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2649:
2647:
2619:
2611:
2605:
2600:Seema Malaka
2564:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2517:
2511:
2475:
2463:
2462:, Sanskrit:
2459:
2456:Indian lotus
2453:
2430:
2421:Amoghasiddhi
2410:
2385:Wheel of Law
2377:
2338:
2300:
2255:
2227:
2204:
2203:and Tibetan
2197:
2185:
2176:
2163:
2113:
2105:
2099:
2076:chakravartin
2073:
2067:
2053:cakrastambha
2052:
2047:
2042:
2012:
2009:Dharma wheel
2006:
1991:Dharmachakra
1985:Dharma wheel
1956:
1926:
1916:añjali mudrā
1914:
1912:
1895:
1891:
1882:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1860:
1644:Dharma wheel
1623:
1592:
1570:
1561:prayer flags
1556:
1554:
1547:
1537:, holding a
1414:Amoghasiddhi
1342:
1310:
1301:
1293:
1283:
1231:
1217:include the
1212:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1169:vishva-vajra
1168:
1164:
1157:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1123:
1069:
1012:kalpavriksha
988:Ming dynasty
972:
939:Old flag of
865:Japanese Zen
857:Jade emperor
853:Chinese gods
842:
821:
807:
797:
794:
785:
782:Dharma wheel
774:Tang dynasty
768:
629:Seal of the
519:
509:
426:Dharmachakra
210:lotus flower
187:
157:is from the
155:Buddhist art
152:
139:Dharma wheel
132:
124:
116:double vajra
94:
90:
82:three jewels
78:Indian lotus
74:Dharma wheel
61:
46:
45:
7724:Dharma talk
7553:Asalha Puja
7349:Eschatology
7152:Switzerland
7132:New Zealand
7060:Middle East
6969:Philippines
6889:Afghanistan
6694:Bodhidharma
6679:Buddhaghosa
6599:Householder
6509:Monasticism
6462:Bodhisattva
6317:Prostration
6270:Mindfulness
6198:Anapanasati
6181:Kammaṭṭhāna
5978:Korean Seon
5918:Asura realm
5913:Human realm
5853:Ten Fetters
5808:Parinirvana
5710:Uppalavanna
5675:Mahākaccana
5660:Mahākassapa
5592:Kṣitigarbha
5587:Ākāśagarbha
5484:Suddhodāna
5429:Four sights
5356:Foundations
3563:(7): 2551.
3519:Tibetan art
3494:Chinese art
3399:aṣṭamaṅgala
3334:aṣṭamaṅgala
3169:'s perfect
3072:dichotomies
3049:iconography
3012:thunderbolt
2913:wooden fish
2903:Wooden fish
2897:Wooden fish
2873:zhengjuexin
2854:Conch shell
2848:Vaishravana
2789:matsyayugma
2702:South Korea
1738:In Tibetan
1705:Kila dagger
1535:Vajrayogini
1356:Symbolises
1334:Mani stones
1135:Guhyamantra
1026:Bodhidharma
1006:Cinatamani
992:lacquerware
845:money trees
804:wooden fish
196:wheel, the
159:Mauryan era
7954:Categories
7841:Psychology
7821:Gnosticism
7809:Comparison
7804:Influences
7786:Comparison
7669:Bhavacakra
7627:Kushinagar
7602:Pilgrimage
7548:Māgha Pūjā
7503:Bodhi Tree
7319:Buddhology
7309:Abhidharma
7301:Philosophy
7234:Menander I
7102:Costa Rica
7053:Uzbekistan
6894:Bangladesh
6848:Dhammapada
6832:Pali Canon
6794:Ajahn Chah
6774:Dalai Lama
6674:Kumārajīva
6669:Vasubandhu
6644:The Buddha
6552:Zen master
6487:Sakadagami
6467:Buddhahood
6398:Pratimokṣa
6213:Shikantaza
6169:Meditation
6144:Deity yoga
6015:Madhyamaka
5908:Deva realm
5803:Mindstream
5753:Bodhicitta
5665:Aṅgulimāla
5532:Devadatta
5508:Yaśodharā
5411:The Buddha
5401:Middle Way
5146:(2): 266.
4956:2022-10-29
4927:2022-10-29
4772:2008-05-11
4660:15 October
4623:15 October
4597:15 October
4268:2004-07-15
4243:2022-10-29
4211:2022-10-29
4195:Tricycle.
4177:2018-10-12
4149:2018-10-12
4120:2018-10-11
4095:2018-10-28
4066:2018-10-28
4037:2018-10-12
4008:2018-10-11
3979:2018-10-28
3950:2018-10-28
3658:2004-07-15
3526:References
3509:Korean art
3499:Indian art
3468:See also:
3352:Bā jíxiáng
3228:Vajradhatu
3155:minimalism
2958:Number 108
2944:Ring staff
2664:Indrakhila
2658:Indrakhila
2642:Satavahana
2620:purnaghata
2612:buddhapāda
2584:Footprints
2570:empty seat
2565:bodhimanda
2373:Chiang Mai
2320:Wind Horse
2262:Queen Maya
2192:Moggallana
2124:bodhimanda
2106:bodhirukka
2102:Bodhi Tree
2096:Bodhi Tree
2090:Bodhi tree
1899:Mystic Law
1724:snow lions
1691:Kalachakra
1689:Symbol of
1611:Shakyamuni
1603:White Tara
1599:Green Tara
1557:pañcavarṇa
1362:Direction
1325:dharmakāya
1317:Adi-Buddha
1294:mchod rten
1242:Wind Horse
1227:Boudhanath
1219:bhavacakra
1124:viśvavajra
701:Buddhapada
674:Chiang Mai
301:Bodhi tree
212:, and the
206:vajra seat
198:Bodhi Tree
128:apotropaic
86:Bodhi tree
7975:Vajrayana
7970:Symbolism
7909:Festivals
7889:Buddhists
7851:Theosophy
7654:Symbolism
7644:Hama yumi
7617:Bodh Gaya
7384:Socialism
7359:Evolution
7334:Economics
7172:Venezuela
7087:Australia
7082:Argentina
7006:Sri Lanka
7001:Singapore
6919:Indonesia
6881:Countries
6822:Tripiṭaka
6784:Ajahn Mun
6659:Nagarjuna
6654:Aśvaghoṣa
6537:Anagārika
6532:Śrāmaṇerī
6527:Śrāmaṇera
6522:Bhikkhunī
6482:Sotāpanna
6371:Passaddhi
6312:Offerings
6287:Nekkhamma
6164:Iddhipada
6084:Practices
6054:Theravada
6027:Vajrayana
6020:Yogachara
5990:Pure Land
5903:Six Paths
5890:Cosmology
5670:Anuruddha
5645:Sāriputta
5635:Kaundinya
5627:Disciples
5602:Vajrapāṇi
5454:Footprint
5419:Tathāgata
5168:162316190
5160:0041-977X
4618:EBSCOhost
4587:Gakken Co
3998:ThoughtCo
3969:ThoughtCo
3840:2621-7120
3579:1660-4601
3291:fly-whisk
3268:cintamani
3241:Manjushri
3175:wabi-sabi
3163:wabi-sabi
3016:polysemic
2727:c.257 BCE
2723:edict of
2560:Bodh Gaya
2555:vajrāsana
2538:Vajrasana
2353:Mucalinda
2329:Hayagriva
2324:Lokesvara
2296:windhorse
2280:Balabadra
2188:Sariputta
2120:awakening
2048:Mahavamsa
2001:Amaravati
1963:Sri Lanka
1877:Takahatsu
1805:(wisdom).
1742:thought,
1548:khatvanga
1543:skull cup
1387:Vairocana
1306:mahābhūta
1238:Snow Lion
1234:Vajrayana
1183:khatvanga
1150:emptiness
1139:Vajrayana
1008:Lokesvara
855:like the
809:khakkhara
540:Dvaravati
515:Theravada
511:Theravada
317:Vajrasana
171:Amaravati
50:symbolism
7927:Category
7856:Violence
7826:Hinduism
7774:Sanskrit
7729:Hinayana
7714:Amitābha
7674:Swastika
7543:Uposatha
7533:Holidays
7518:Calendar
7364:Humanism
7202:Kanishka
7192:Timeline
7016:Thailand
6984:Kalmykia
6979:Buryatia
6964:Pakistan
6949:Mongolia
6944:Maldives
6939:Malaysia
6904:Cambodia
6769:Shamarpa
6764:Nichiren
6714:Xuanzang
6649:Nagasena
6567:Rinpoche
6297:Pāramitā
6139:Devotion
6059:Navayana
6047:Dzogchen
6010:Nichiren
5958:Mahayana
5950:Branches
5828:Saṅkhāra
5577:Mañjuśrī
5534:(cousin)
5526:(cousin)
5494:(mother)
5486:(father)
5474:Miracles
5424:Birthday
5341:Glossary
5314:Buddhism
4950:Archived
4921:Archived
4841:Archived
4810:, p. 31.
4766:Archived
4651:Archived
4591:Archived
4322:Archived
4296:Archived
4237:Archived
4205:Archived
4171:archived
4143:Archived
4114:Archived
4089:Archived
4031:Archived
4002:Archived
3973:Archived
3944:Archived
3631:Archived
3597:32276426
3482:See also
3459:(sankha)
3447:(kumbha)
3373:fly wisk
3369:srivasta
3365:swastika
3330:Sanskrit
3157:born of
3113:Buddhist
3111:used in
3064:noumenal
2844:Jambhala
2745:swastika
2733:svastika
2688:Swastika
2682:Swastika
2519:trishula
2514:triratna
2508:Triratna
2502:Triratna
2480:Amitabha
2405:Gandhara
2403:clan, a
2381:Amitabha
2312:Varanasi
2304:Kanthaka
2267:Airavata
2244:Elephant
2205:chortens
2108:) was a
2082:(in the
2039:Varanasi
1775:Mongolia
1740:Dzogchen
1660:Triratna
1615:Amitabha
1593:Tibetan
1580:Thangkas
1576:Mandalas
1489:Amitābha
1464:Akṣobhya
1374:Syllable
1365:Element
1262:Dzogchen
1223:mandalas
1207:kangling
1072:), Japan
790:mandalas
780:and the
778:swastika
615:Bai Sema
424:and the
422:triratna
418:Gandhara
360:srivasta
333:Gandhara
202:triratna
179:Bodhgaya
163:aniconic
141:and the
108:Gandhara
102:and the
84:and the
58:Sanskrit
48:Buddhist
7904:Temples
7884:Buddhas
7846:Science
7836:Judaism
7831:Jainism
7749:Lineage
7709:Abhijñā
7679:Thangka
7622:Sarnath
7607:Lumbini
7528:Funeral
7523:Cuisine
7399:Culture
7374:Reality
7324:Creator
7314:Atomism
7184:History
7157:Ukraine
7117:Germany
7036:Senegal
7026:Vietnam
6954:Myanmar
6754:Shinran
6744:Karmapa
6719:Shandao
6689:Dignāga
6614:Śrāvaka
6594:Donchee
6589:Kappiya
6547:Sayadaw
6517:Bhikkhu
6492:Anāgāmi
6449:Nirvana
6415:Samadhi
6302:Paritta
6243:Tonglen
6238:Mandala
6193:Smarana
6174:Mantras
6122:Upekkha
6092:Bhavana
6042:Shingon
5995:Tiantai
5848:Tathātā
5838:Śūnyatā
5833:Skandha
5823:Saṃsāra
5818:Rebirth
5793:Kleshas
5783:Indriya
5685:Subhūti
5570:Guanyin
5524:Ānanda
5516:Rāhula
5396:Nirvana
5336:Outline
4721:, p.240
4388:p. 524.
4328:2 April
4302:2 April
3588:7177423
3401:symbols
3390:) are:
3384:Tibetan
3339:Chinese
3300:Yantra.
3264:, ratna
3254:gankyil
3224:Mandala
3105:Tibetan
3068:Nirvana
3066:world (
3060:Samsara
3056:Sunyata
3035:sunyata
3031:tantric
3029:In the
3008:diamond
2982:nirvana
2917:mokugyo
2626:Chhatra
2488:chakras
2359:Peacock
2234:Shakyas
2211:Animals
2201:pagodas
2128:nirvana
2104:(Pali:
2027:Bharhut
1903:keisaku
1822:dakinis
1818:Kartika
1759:Gankyil
1629:Gallery
1432:Yellow
1359:Buddha
1353:Colour
1321:Yab-Yum
1313:Trikaya
1302:chörten
1195:kartika
1070:shakujō
1064:Bronze
1010:with a
959:scepter
926:gankyil
875:Gallery
861:Guan Yu
830:omamori
826:amulets
818:Chinese
812:), The
802:, the "
800:scepter
525:Gallery
224:Gallery
183:Sarnath
175:Bharhut
100:Mathura
62:pratīka
54:symbols
7899:Sutras
7894:Suttas
7759:Siddhi
7744:Koliya
7719:Brahmā
7634:Poetry
7580:Mantra
7570:Kasaya
7442:Pagoda
7422:Kyaung
7417:Vihāra
7412:Temple
7354:Ethics
7197:Ashoka
7147:Sweden
7142:Poland
7137:Norway
7127:Mexico
7112:France
7097:Canada
7092:Brazil
7031:Africa
7011:Taiwan
6974:Russia
6899:Bhutan
6859:Vinaya
6739:Naropa
6729:Saraha
6664:Asanga
6420:Prajñā
6329:Refuge
6292:Nianfo
6253:Tertön
6248:Tantra
6233:Ganana
6223:Tukdam
6149:Dhyāna
6117:Mudita
6112:Karuṇā
6005:Risshū
6000:Huayan
5933:Naraka
5873:Anattā
5868:Dukkha
5863:Anicca
5768:Dharma
5720:Channa
5655:Ānanda
5640:Assaji
5607:Skanda
5510:(wife)
5479:Family
5459:Relics
5384:Sangha
5379:Dharma
5374:Buddha
5214:
5166:
5158:
5109:
5090:
4985:
4897:
4864:
4793:
4738:
4492:Pagoda
3838:
3595:
3585:
3577:
3367:, the
3349::
3347:pinyin
3341::
3305:Groups
3295:ahimsa
3246:prajña
3201:Mudras
3190:Mudras
3079:makara
3024:prajna
2810:Dhvaja
2801:Dhvaja
2795:Dhvaja
2741:Buddha
2651:chatra
2644:period
2532:sangha
2528:Dharma
2524:Buddha
2476:paduma
2468:Buddha
2412:Garuda
2391:Garuda
2349:yakkha
2345:siddhi
2272:Ganesh
2238:sutras
2178:śarīra
2165:Stūpas
2080:Ashoka
2068:chatra
2064:Sanchi
2031:Dharma
2023:Sanchi
1975:Buddha
1921:Bowing
1872:koromo
1803:prajna
1507:Black
1471:Water
1446:Earth
1407:Green
1380:White
1254:mantra
1250:garuda
1246:dragon
1201:damaru
1189:kapala
1160:ghanta
1158:vajra-
1128:Bhutan
1066:finial
941:Sikkim
851:, and
208:, the
200:, the
194:Dharma
167:Sanchi
80:, the
76:, the
70:Dharma
66:Buddha
7871:Lists
7739:Kalpa
7734:Iddhi
7597:Music
7592:Mudra
7558:Vassa
7538:Vesak
7508:Budai
7454:Candi
7437:Stupa
7369:Logic
7122:Italy
7021:Tibet
6959:Nepal
6929:Korea
6924:Japan
6914:India
6909:China
6854:Sutra
6809:Texts
6759:Dōgen
6749:Hōnen
6734:Atiśa
6699:Zhiyi
6609:Achar
6577:Tulku
6572:Geshe
6557:Rōshi
6542:Ajahn
6497:Arhat
6457:Bodhi
6427:Vīrya
6344:Sacca
6339:Satya
6334:Sādhu
6322:Music
6265:Merit
6258:Terma
6218:Zazen
6154:Faith
6107:Mettā
5788:Karma
5748:Bardo
5715:Asita
5705:Khema
5695:Upāli
5680:Nanda
5518:(son)
5492:Māyā
5469:Films
5346:Index
5164:S2CID
4890:Kamon
4654:(PDF)
4643:(PDF)
3196:Mudra
3167:Plato
3042:lotus
3020:upaya
2994:Vajra
2988:Vajra
2978:Bonnō
2970:Japan
2831:bumpa
2828:Gilt
2737:India
2698:Seoul
2550:āsana
2464:padma
2436:Lotus
2316:Prana
2286:Horse
2230:nāgas
2169:domed
2160:Stupa
2154:Stupa
2110:ficus
2043:could
2019:Surya
1888:Tools
1744:rigpa
1496:Fire
1421:Wind
1395:Space
1290:Wylie
1286:stupa
1266:rigpa
1165:vajra
1154:Indra
1146:vajra
1086:Ingen
1046:kanji
973:monju
834:ofuda
786:fălún
723:bird.
721:hamsa
190:stupa
7769:Pāḷi
7754:Māra
7664:Flag
7065:Iran
6989:Tuva
6934:Laos
6562:Lama
6410:Śīla
6378:Śīla
6366:Pīti
6356:Sati
6307:Puja
6228:Koan
6134:Dāna
5725:Yasa
5612:Tārā
5212:ISBN
5156:ISSN
5107:ISBN
5088:ISBN
4983:ISBN
4895:ISBN
4862:ISBN
4791:ISBN
4736:ISBN
4662:2021
4625:2021
4599:2021
4330:2015
4304:2015
3836:ISSN
3742:2014
3723:and
3719:The
3593:PMID
3575:ISSN
3386:and
3289:The
3275:mala
3262:mani
3252:The
3239:and
3171:form
3139:Ensō
3130:Ensō
3124:Enso
3109:bell
3099:Bell
3093:Bell
2974:bell
2879:Ruyi
2820:Vase
2731:The
2662:The
2606:The
2472:Pali
2454:The
2401:Naga
2341:nāga
2335:Naga
2216:Lion
2190:and
2100:The
2025:and
2007:The
1971:aura
1957:The
1718:The
1607:Tara
1601:and
1541:, a
1524:Hum
1519:Air
1482:Red
1477:Pad
1177:kila
1144:The
1048:for
990:red
957:ruyi
869:ensō
838:fulu
832:and
798:ruyi
218:nāga
181:and
7491:Art
7427:Wat
5963:Zen
5204:doi
5148:doi
5080:doi
3826:doi
3583:PMC
3565:doi
3357:Tib
3343:八吉祥
3226:of
3147:Zen
3145:In
3089:).
2915:" (
2875:).
2754:mon
2207:).
2037:at
1551:).
1502:Me
1452:Ni
1427:Ma
1402:Om
1319:in
1298:THL
1210:).
1030:Zen
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