366:
219:
358:
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component (which is included in the existing Budj Bim
National Heritage Landscape - Mt Eccles Lake Condah Area) and Tyrendarra (southern) component. Each of these areas contains extensive evidence of the aquaculture system developed by the Gunditjmara, who have customary rights and obligations to their country and a continuing relationship with the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape. The three areas are connected by the lava flow from Budj Bim, which is regarded as an
1098:
authenticity"is shown by "Gunditjmara traditional knowledge...demonstrated by millennia of oral transmission, through continuity of practice and is supported by documented
Gunditjmara cultural traditions and exceptionally well-preserved archaeological, environmental and historical evidence" and "continuing connection of the Gunditjmara to their landscape and their traditional and historical knowledge of the life cycle of kooyang".
226:
578:, further areas of aquaculture, previously concealed under vegetation, were revealed, in an area known as the Muldoon trap complex. A smaller system, including a channel of about 25 metres (82 ft) long had been hidden in the long grass and other vegetation. A further cultural heritage survey is planned, in collaboration with
858:'s Land Management Unit. Winda-Mara is a community-controlled organisation focussed on health, education and employment opportunities for Indigenous people in south-western Victoria, which runs several conservation and tourism initiatives in partnership with GTMOAC, as well as other Government and non-Government agencies.
1106:
In the
December 2017 nomination by the Commonwealth Government for World Heritage status, the administrative arrangements for monitoring the various aspects of the whole area were listed. The Budj Bim Cultural Landscape World Heritage Steering Committee would oversee and coordinate all other agencies
1058:
on 6 July 2019. The boundaries of this protected area are those of Budj Bim
National Park, Budj Bim Indigenous Protected Area, Tyrendarra Indigenous Protected Area and Lake Condah Mission. It is described as a serial property with three components: Budj Bim (northern) component, Kurtonitj (central)
717:
apart from four elderly people. The residents' request for the land to be handed over to them for farming was refused, and blocks of land were sold to soldier settlers. Former residents living in the area continued to attend the church and send their children to the mission school, which continued
517:
block dam walls, the volume of which he estimated at "many hundreds of tonnes". Europeans constructed drainage channels in the 1880s and 1950s, but in 1977 heavy rains revealed more of the original work, as well as house foundations made of basalt blocks. Dating the use of channels by various means
1089:
Under
Criterion (iii), the report says "The Budj Bim Cultural Landscape bears an exceptional testimony to the cultural traditions, knowledge, practices and ingenuity of the Gunditjmara. The extensive networks and antiquity of the constructed and modified aquaculture system of the Budj Bim Cultural
1077:
story. For the
Gunditjmara, deep time refers to the idea that they have always been there. From an archaeological perspective, deep time refers to a period of at least 32,000 years that Aboriginal people have lived in the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape. The ongoing dynamic relationship of Gunditjmara
914:
Lake Condah IPA was dedicated in 2010, and covers 1,700 hectares (4,200 acres), which includes the properties of Lake Condah, Allambie, Muldooons and
Vaughans. Situated right next to the lava flows found in Budj Bim National Park in south-west Victoria, the IPA includes significant wetlands. It is
849:
World
Heritage Listing Budj Bim Cultural Landscape (see below): Mt Eccles – Lake Condah, Tyrendarra and Kurtonitj, 2,700 hectares (6,700 acres) of culturally significant land within the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape includes the "Peters, Kurtonitj, Lake Condah Mission, Lake Condah, Allambie and Lake
536:
computer maps recreated the channels, showing that the stone walls were built across the lava flow to form a complex system of artificial ponds to hold floodwaters and eels at different stages of growth. Researcher
Heather Builth called the systems "aquaculture". The discovery of these large-scale
1170:
In the
National Park, the campground and picnic area reopened from 29 February 2020, but the Lake Surprise walking track and access to Tunnel Cave were closed due to the impact of the fires. As of 19 March 2020, the Crater Rim Walk and Lava Canal Walk are open, but re-routed near Tunnel
1093:
Under Criterian (v): "The continuing cultural landscape of the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape is an outstanding representative example of human interaction with the environment and testimony to the lives of the Gunditjmara...The Budj Bim Cultural Landscape exemplifies the dynamic ecological-cultural
770:
The mission land was included in "The Mt Eccles Lake Condah Area: About 7880ha, 6km south west of Macarthur, comprising Mount Eccles National Park, Stones State Faunal Reserve, Muldoons Aboriginal Land, Allambie Aboriginal Land and Condah Mission", which was declared part of the Budj Bim National
637:
Lake Condah was first happened upon by European settlers in 1841, when David Edgar and William Thompson Edgar were travelling through the area. Edgar gave it the name Lake Condon. Anglican pastoralist Cecil Pybus Cooke, who in 1849 acquired Lake Condah station, changed the name of Lake Condon to
990:
The Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape, which includes both the Tyrendarra Area (Place ID 105678, about 275 hectares (680 acres), 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of Tyrendarra) and the Mt Eccles Lake Condah Area (Place ID 105673, about 7,880 hectares (19,500 acres), 6 kilometres (3.7 mi)
937:
Lake Condah IPA is included in "The Mt Eccles Lake Condah Area: About 7880ha, 6km south west of Macarthur, comprising Mount Eccles National Park, Stones State Faunal Reserve, Muldoons Aboriginal Land, Allambie Aboriginal Land and Condah Mission", which was declared part of the Budj Bim National
841:
in September 2014 as a candidate for the NHL, on the grounds that its "distinctive heritage features...are better represented in the National Heritage values of the existing Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape - Mt Eccles Lake Condah Area (included in the National Heritage List in 2004)". Also
931:. The Kerrup Gunditj clan in this area engineered an extensive aquaculture system at Lake Condah thousands of years ago. Other Gunditjmara clans in the area worked with them to establish kooyang (eel) trapping and farming systems and to develop the smoking techniques to preserve their harvest.
1097:
It goes on to list elements of integrity and authenticity of the site, describing it as "free of major threats and...sufficient in size to illustrate the ways multiple systems – social, spiritual, geological, hydrological and ecological – interact and function" and that its "high degree of
645:
In March 2008, Lake Condah was returned to Gunditjmara people. The Lake Condah Restoration Conservation Management Plan was completed in a way that ensured that cultural heritage values were maintained, and works were completed in 2010, winning the Civil Contractors Federation Earth Award.
1015:
The Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation's Land Management Unit is responsible for over 3,000 hectares (7,400 acres) of Aboriginal-owned land, which spans at least 10 culturally significant properties and all included within the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape. Their team of
2870:
Includes numerous maps, sketches and photos of Lake Condah, Lake Condah Mission, sustainability project, and the area in general. Maps show precise ownership of land around the lake, Aboriginal-owned properties, kooyang (eel) migration patterns, and other details. Some text.
869:
The Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation was appointed to manage the Indigenous heritage values as well as land and resource management activities of the land. The management of the IPA has focused on reinstating the pre-1840s wetlands system, supporting regrowth of the
812:(GMTOAC) in May 2010 (after some years' leasehold), and the Kurtonitj wetlands to the north was acquired by the Corporation in September 2009. In 2018, GMTOAC combined its properties under the Budj Bim Indigenous Protected Area Plan of Management. GTMOAC is a
501:, in July 1841. He reported "an immense piece of ground trenched and banked, resembling the work of civilized man but which on inspection I found to be the work of the Aboriginal natives, purposefully constructed for catching eels", in a swampy area near
1140:
All of the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape is Aboriginal-owned and/or managed, and is managed in a way that respects the customary and legal rights and obligations of the owners. All Gunditjmara cultural heritage on the land is protected by Victoria's
977:
Containing ancient stone kooyang (eel) traps and channels (including a 300 metres (980 ft) by 150 metres (490 ft) area of lava flow featuring two weirs and a dam for trapping and holding kooyang), sites of former dwellings and trees for
1159:, fires broke out within the Cultural Heritage Landscape. The stone fish traps and the stone house site were unaffected by fire, and fortunately the fires were quickly contained, partly due to mild weather conditions and partly by the efforts of
756:, when the 53-hectare (130-acre) former reserve was vested to the Kerrup Jmara Elders Corporation. The transfer included "full management, control and enjoyment by the Kerrup-Jmara Elders Aboriginal Corporation of the land granted to it". The
752:
1163:. Lake Condah and Condah Mission were not directly affected by the fires. After the fires burnt had more than 7,000 hectares (17,000 acres) around Lake Condah and in the National Park, further areas of aquaculture were revealed (see
709:
was used build the houses and the church (from 1883 to 1885), named St Mary's. There were 26 buildings in total, with 15 acres (6.1 ha) cultivated. By 1871 there were about 80 residents, and by the late 1880s about 120.
407:
at Tower Hill, this is a "minimum age constraint for human presence in Victoria", and also could be interpreted as evidence for the Gunditjmara oral histories which tell of volcanic eruptions being some of the oldest
395:(Mount Eccles) more than 30,000 years ago. It was via this event that an ancestral creator-being known as Budj Bim was revealed. Budj Bim's eruption was dated at within 3,100 years either side of 36,900 years
1832:
1616:
486:
society to develop into a settled society constructing permanent stone dwellings. The engineered wetlands provided the basis to sustain large groups of people to dwell permanently in the vicinity.
763:
The Kerrup-Jmara Elders Corporation entered liquidation during the 1990s. The reserve was first handed to the Winda Mara Aboriginal Corporation to manage the lands, before they were vested to the
513:
carried out surveys at Lake Condah (Tae Rak), altogether different terrain, in the 1970s. He found extensive fish-trapping systems, with hundreds of metres of excavated channels and dozens of
1211:
855:
1317:
Matchan, Erin L.; Phillips, David; Jourdan, Fred; Oostingh, Korien (2020). "Early human occupation of southeastern Australia: New insights from 40Ar/39Ar dating of young volcanoes".
2782:
2849:
982:
kooyang, Kurtonitj is since 2019 part of the World Heritage Listing. Educational and interpretative signs, boardwalks and a reconstruction of a stone village are in the pipeline.
608:
gave the Gunditjmara some advantage, as the terrain was unsuited to horses. However, many Aboriginal people were killed, and the rest displaced. The Victorian Government created
1073:
In its summary of reasons for its "outstanding universal value", UNESCO says "Budj Bim Cultural Landscape is the result of a creational process narrated by the Gunditjmara as a
634:
people, who lived around the shores of the lake, which they called Tae Rak, for thousands of years pre-dating the arrival of Europeans, and had specific responsibility for it.
552:
1117:
902:
773:
2966:
1032:, fence maintenance and livestock management. Winda-Mara partners with Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners and other agencies on the following projects as of March 2020:
900:. Tyrendarra IPA forms part of the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape (NHL - see below), listed in July 2004 for its significant Indigenous heritage values under the
1203:
809:
764:
347:
1121:
requires that any significant damage or threat to the value of listed places is reported at least once in every 5-year period. Other involved agencies would be the
2247:
1709:
2759:
2569:
1428:
2230:
698:
2201:
1643:
837:): Mt Eccles – Lake Condah in the northerly section, and Tyrendarra in the southerly section. The third IPA mentioned below, Kurtonitj, was rejected by the
1112:
1199:
1126:
999:(formerly Mt Eccles National Park), Stones State Faunal Reserve, Muldoons Aboriginal Land, Allambie Aboriginal Land and Condah Mission) was added to the
505:, in south-western Victoria. He estimated that the area covered at least 15 acres (6.1 ha). The evidence was buried or ignored for 135 years, until
1133:(all relating to the Budj Bim National Park area only), the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation (National Park, Budj Bim IPA, and
1395:
793:(IPAs) are "areas of land and sea managed by Indigenous groups as protected areas for biodiversity conservation through voluntary agreements with the
3263:
3253:
896:
The region is a traditional meeting place and camping area for the Gunditjmara people and the land is part of major Dreaming trails and an important
760:
and the Kerrup-Jmara people undertook a project in which part of the Mission was recreated, with buildings rebuilt, including tourist accommodation.
750:
On 1 January 1987, the mission lands were returned to Gunditjmara people, specifically the Kerrup-Jmara Elders Aboriginal Corporation, following the
291:(Mount Eccles) more than 30,000 years ago, and the dormant volcano is included in the National Heritage and World Heritage sites (which also include
110:
3268:
2354:
2659:
3243:
2959:
2905:
2218:
2542:
642:", which lived on the lake. The lake itself is a shallow basin, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) in length and 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) wide.
218:
2932:
890:
2862:
1515:
1369:
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and channels. This provided a year-round supply of eels which were harvested with woven traps and often smoked in hollows of the manna gum (
3056:
2811:
1060:
974:
are just two of the species which rely on the management of the land by Budj Bim rangers to ensure optimum conditions for their survival.
308:
2894:
2724:
2182:
878:, and "establishing an eel aquaculture industry as a sustainable business venture". Activities such as upgrading infrastructure, building
2793:
2004:
882:
and interpretative signs, and replanting trees and shrubs are undertaken. Thousands of newly planted trees and grasses were destroyed by
721:
In 1950 it was decided that the Mission would close, and the church and other facilities were destroyed to facilitate this. According to
1457:
3233:
2952:
1036:
The Lake Condah Sustainable Development Project, begun in 2002, with the Budj Bim Sustainable Development Partnership launched in 2012.
850:
Gorrie properties" (i.e. excluding Tyrendarra, which is managed by Winda-Mara). The land in all three IPAs are managed by the Budj Bim
1624:. Monograph series no. 1/2009. Native Title Research Unit, the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.
2975:
893:(IUCN) Category VI - "Managed Resource Protected Area: Protected Area managed mainly for the sustainable use of natural ecosystems".
2607:
3273:
3123:
1108:
672:
people, after displaced Gunditjmara refused to move from their traditional lands. The site, on 2,000 acres (810 ha) north of
3248:
1967:
934:
The Budj Bim Rangers maintain the land, protecting cultural heritage sites, managing revegetation and weed eradication projects.
866:
The Tyrendarra, an area of 248 hectares (610 acres) on Darlot Creek, a tributary of Lake Condah, was dedicated in December 2003.
3278:
3238:
3035:
883:
2046:
2772:
2582:
2325:
1629:
1493:
2882:
2413:
3258:
1156:
3214:
600:
After European settlement began in western Victoria from the late 1830s, attempts to colonise the Gunditjmara led to the
182:
2099:
1883:
McVicker, Olive; Fenton, Cicely; Pizzey, Sue (2007), "A Church That Became a Site of Resistance and a Symbol of Hope",
897:
757:
2685:
3202:
1930:
365:
147:
433:
1020:, the Budj Bim Rangers, are responsible for all land management activities, such as protection of cultural sites,
425:
47:
962:
and seasonally-flooded shallow marshes. Kurtonitj is bordered on the west by Darlots Creek (known as Kallara in
3097:
682:
571:
510:
2825:"'Willing to fight to a man': The First World War and Aboriginal activism in the Western District of Victoria"
2824:
1223:
1083:
490:
63:
2725:"National Heritage List: Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape: Mt Eccles Lake Condah Area, Tyrendarra Area"
2362:
2184:
National Heritage List: Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape - Mt Eccles Lake Condah Area - Tyrendarra Area
1143:
818:
665:
103:
2999:
2735:
2632:
1756:
This article was first published in hardcopy in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 3, (MUP), 1969
1094:
relationships evidenced in the Gunditjmara's deliberate manipulation and management of the environment".
838:
813:
677:
502:
351:
532:, 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Lake Condah, which he named "eel farms". In the 1990s and 2000s,
767:
in March 2008 by the Commonwealth government. As of 2020, GMTOAC continue to hold and manage the land.
265:
38:
3139:
3076:
790:
738:
1897:
1779:
403:
similarly dated, in early 2020. Significantly, owing to the presence of human artefacts found under
3197:
3165:
3113:
2989:
1130:
801:
595:
498:
87:
1283:
3175:
1581:
1243:
827:
729:: "Condah Mission Station Church, 1885. Destroyed 1950. Stones used to enlarge Church of England
2072:
3014:
2515:
1918:
1892:
1683:
1122:
1000:
996:
951:
834:
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mission, approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Lake Condah, which had been home to the
575:
339:
292:
20:
2387:
1194:
was causing widespread destruction. The cull was part of the implementation of an integrated
1190:. With the damage to the landscape from the 2019–2020 fires still not repaired, an excess of
794:
631:
533:
494:
304:
3066:
3030:
2994:
2190:(Map). Australia. Dept of the Environment and Heritage. Heritage Division. 24 October 2006.
1326:
963:
525:
478:
465:
400:
52:
2129:
1551:
826:
provide the framework within Registered Aboriginal Parties (the approximate equivalent to
8:
1942:
1134:
1055:
992:
686:. The mission was overseen by the various incarnations of the Central Board. In 1886 the
661:
655:
613:
343:
332:
253:
1735:
1330:
3071:
3009:
1350:
842:
considered, but excluded on similar grounds at the same time, was the Peters Property.
730:
714:
609:
388:
2836:
1975:
742:(1997) as an institution that housed Indigenous children removed from their families.
2768:
2578:
1926:
1902:
1807:
1635:
1625:
1489:
1354:
1342:
1017:
851:
583:
560:
2944:
2850:"Taste of Summer: It's eel season for the Gunditjmara people in south-west Victoria"
1857:
1070:, the network is one of the oldest and most extensive aquaculture systems on earth.
357:
3118:
3004:
1334:
959:
457:
2660:"Feral pigs and deer killed in aerial cull to protect Budj Bim Cultural Landscape"
2596:
Appendix 6.B. Administrative Arrangements for Monitoring Property, Table 6.2 p.165
2543:"Ancient Indigenous aquaculture site Budj Bim added to UNESCO World Heritage list"
954:. Kurtonitj IPA was dedicated in 2009, and comprises 353 hectares (870 acres) of
3144:
1516:"Eel-harvesting system older than Egypt's pyramids further revealed by bushfires"
733:
and to pave cowyards". Other sources say that the church was demolished in 1957.
548:
521:
483:
1090:
Landscape bears testimony to the Gunditjmara as engineers and kooyang fishers".
574:
had burnt more than 7,000 hectares (17,000 acres) around Lake Condah and in the
295:). The various areas are of great historic and cultural significance to various
2911:. Australian Government. Dept of the Environment. Australian Heritage Database.
2439:
2157:
1207:
1079:
722:
688:
601:
564:
409:
396:
384:
249:
2940:(Map). Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy. 2 July 2019.
2567:
713:
The mission closed at the end of 1918. The last residents were transferred to
3227:
3170:
1906:
1639:
1346:
1191:
579:
312:
125:
112:
2490:"Kurtonitj: Australian Heritage Council, 2014: National Heritage Assessment"
2464:
2105:
1115:) are the custodians of the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape (NHL). The
2494:
Australian Government. Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
1429:"Australian Bushfires Reveal Hidden Sections of Ancient Aquaculture System"
1195:
1029:
1025:
1021:
924:
875:
805:
673:
604:, which did not conclude until the 1860s. The rocks and uneven land of the
556:
538:
506:
453:
445:
404:
1179:
1160:
1078:
and their land is nowadays carried by knowledge systems retained through
979:
928:
920:
916:
669:
625:
449:
441:
342:
on 20 July 2004, and Budj Bim Cultural Landscape was designated a UNESCO
316:
300:
19:
This article is about several heritage areas. For the national park, see
1882:
2272:
1187:
1028:, maintenance of facilities and assets as well as environmental works,
693:
639:
320:
2748:
from this site, linked to on this page, shows the borders of the park.
76:
3180:
3061:
2924:
2297:
2077:
Australian Government. Dept of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
1458:"The detective work behind the Budj Bim eel traps World Heritage bid"
1396:"On a mission: Uncovering the past of Victoria's Gunditjmara country"
1338:
1288:
Australian Government. Dept of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
1175:
1074:
879:
871:
706:
605:
537:
farming techniques and manipulation of the landscape, highlighted in
448:
to 6,600 years old), the Gunditjmara clans had developed a system of
421:
56:
833:
There are two IPAs within the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape (
3149:
985:
543:
529:
429:
392:
288:
284:
24:
2783:"Case Study 4 - Lake Condah, Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape"
938:
Heritage Landscape in July 2004, along with Tyrendarra, under the
676:, was formally reserved in 1869, the same year that the Victorian
630:
The Kerrup-Jmara ("people of the lake") are a clan of Gunditjmara
2767:. Australia. Dept. of the Environment and Energy. December 2017.
2489:
1552:"Lake Condah near Heywood. Remains of Aboriginal stone eel traps"
1284:"National Heritage Places - Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape"
967:
955:
328:
324:
2568:
Australia. Dept. of the Environment and Energy (December 2017).
1067:
971:
846:
514:
2730:. Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Heritage.
1316:
1147:. It is possible that the area may be expanded in the future.
1137:) and the Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation (Tyrendarra IPA).
315:, and the Gunditjmara people developed an extensive system of
2812:"Why Victoria's Budj Bim Became a Unesco World Heritage Site"
2795:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
2007:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
1118:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
1005:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
940:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
903:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
774:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
753:
Aboriginal Land (Lake Condah and Framlingham Forest) Act 1987
547:
in 2014, shows that the Indigenous inhabitants were not only
2465:"Sustainable Development of the Budj Bim Cultural Landscape"
1370:"Study dates Victorian volcano that buried a human-made axe"
1183:
469:
296:
1049:
2608:"World Heritage listed site saved from Lake Condah fires"
2520:
Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy
2235:
Australia. Dept of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
2206:
Australia. Dept of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
2134:
Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation
1947:
Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation
1586:
Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation
1204:
Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation
1039:
The Bessiebelle Sheepwash & Yards Restoration Project
810:
Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation
765:
Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation
473:
437:
348:
Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation
1054:
The Budj Bim Cultural Landscape was added to the UNESCO
518:
and different people put them at up to 8,000 years old.
354:, along with various other bodies involved in landcare.
2712:
2097:
2018:. No. P 7. Commonwealth of Australia. 20 July 2004
886:, as well as 90 per cent of the property's vegetation.
696:" (part-European) Aboriginal people from reserves. The
2761:
Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: World Heritage Nomination
2571:
Budj Bim Cultural Landscape: World Heritage Nomination
338:
Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape was added to the
2974:
2686:"DEWLP takes further aim at feral pigs in south-west"
2516:"World heritage Places - Budj Bim Cultural Landscape"
830:
in other states) such as GMTOAC operate in Victoria.
373:
335:
which was established a few kilometres away in 1867.
2009:: Inclusion of Places in the National Heritage List"
1299:
See also attached documents: National Heritage List
1113:
Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
785:
2887:
National Indigenous Australians Agency Vic projects
2797:: Inclusion of Places in the National Heritage List
2418:
National Indigenous Australians Agency Vic projects
1200:
Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
1127:
Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
702:rescinded that decision, and many people returned.
436:in the area in the early 19th century (one of five
2860:
2577:. Australia. Dept. of the Environment and Energy.
2051:National Indigenous Australians AgencyVic Projects
1310:
638:Lake Condah in the mistaken belief that it meant "
563:, suggested that the complex was about 8000 years
736:Lake Condah Mission Station was mentioned in the
346:on 6 July 2019. The land is owned and managed by
16:UNESCO World Heritage Site in Victoria, Australia
3225:
986:Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape (NHL, 2004)
1486:Dark Emu: Black Seeds: Agriculture Or Accident?
692:was passed, which provided for the removal of "
369:Lake Surprise, Budj Bim—Mt Eccles National Park
361:Crater of Budj Bim (then known as Mount Eccles)
234:Location of Budj Bim heritage areas in Victoria
225:
2664:ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
2359:Australian Government. Dept of the Environment
2231:"Tyrendarra Indigenous Land (Peters Property)"
1131:Glenelg Hopkins Catchment Management Authority
891:International Union for Conservation of Nature
678:Central Board for the Protection of Aborigines
528:, investigated a huge Aboriginal fish trap at
283:All of the protected areas are related to the
2960:
2194:
1451:
1449:
331:, and its English name is remembered for the
2605:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1042:The Budj Bim Eco Village Feasibility Project
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
1885:Local-Global: Identity, Security, Community
1710:"Heritage Place: 95 Whyte Street Coleraine"
551:, but cultivators and farmers. The work of
2967:
2953:
2320:
2318:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1446:
1387:
771:Heritage Landscape in July 2004 under the
2606:Hayman-Reber, Madeline (6 January 2020).
2382:
2380:
2349:
2347:
1990:
1896:
1802:
1800:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
950:Kurtonitj means "crossing place", and is
909:
3264:World Heritage Sites in Victoria (state)
3254:Archaeological sites in Victoria (state)
2534:
2406:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2124:
2122:
2030:
1876:
1549:
1488:. Magabala Books. 2014. pp. 85–86.
1426:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1109:Department of the Environment and Energy
958:. The landscape has been formed by deep
915:home to significant species such as the
861:
489:The first European to see the traps was
364:
356:
3269:Indigenous Protected Areas of Australia
2847:
2809:
2482:
2315:
2152:
2150:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1513:
1502:
1455:
1367:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1050:Budj Bim Cultural Landscape (WHL, 2019)
945:
3244:Australian Aboriginal cultural history
3226:
2822:
2683:
2561:
2377:
2355:"Tyrendarra Indigenous protected area"
2344:
2330:National Indigenous Australians Agency
2047:"Lake Condah IPA and Budj Bim Rangers"
1858:"Aboriginal Protection Act 1869 (Vic)"
1850:
1797:
1761:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1569:
1534:
1480:
1478:
1361:
456:into adjacent lowlying areas trapping
432:. From some thousands of years before
2948:
2657:
2549:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2508:
2326:"Tyrendarra IPA and Budj Bim Rangers"
2252:
2119:
1522:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1427:Machemer, Theresa (22 January 2020).
1413:
287:landscape created by the eruption of
278:Lake Condah Indigenous Protected Area
264:. Within the latter, there are three
2883:"Kurtonitj IPA and Budj Bim Rangers"
2746:Budj Bim National Park Visitor Guide
2713:Government publications and websites
2540:
2414:"Kurtonitj IPA and Budj Bim Rangers"
2147:
2130:"Budj Bim Indigenous Protected Area"
1960:
1943:"Budj Bim National Heritage Listing"
1733:
1614:
1599:
1393:
1259:
1157:2019-2020 Australian bushfire season
824:Aboriginal Heritage Regulations 2018
378:
270:Tyrendarra Indigenous Protected Area
258:Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape
158:Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape
2091:
1661:
1475:
1456:McNiven, Ian J. (7 February 2017).
274:Kurtonitj Indigenous Protected Area
13:
2707:
1925:, Hawthorn Press: Melbourne, 1970
1744:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1618:The Gunditjmara Land Justice Story
1368:Johnson, Sian (26 February 2020).
1010:
780:
612:to house them; some were moved to
452:which channelled the water of the
374:Historic and cultural significance
14:
3290:
3234:Australian National Heritage List
3203:Heard Island and McDonald Islands
2976:World Heritage Sites in Australia
2916:
2848:Perkins, Miki (15 January 2015).
2444:Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation
2302:Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation
2162:Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation
1734:Hone, J. Ann (10 February 2020).
1582:"Lake Condah Restoration Project"
1514:Johnson, Sian (19 January 2020).
1212:Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation
1150:
1101:
856:Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation
800:The Peters property (between the
786:Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs)
582:familiar with the site and local
428:of the region, and created large
148:Australian National Heritage List
2810:Landale, Edwina (11 July 2019).
2277:UNESCO World Heritage Convention
1864:. Museum of Australian Democracy
1784:German Missionaries in Australia
1736:"Cooke, Cecil Pybus (1813–1895)"
952:sacred to the Gunditjmara people
889:The IPA is managed in line with
589:
468:) and other fish in a series of
327:(Lake Condah) forms part of the
224:
217:
3274:Australian Aboriginal mythology
2677:
2651:
2625:
2599:
2457:
2432:
2290:
2223:
2175:
2065:
1935:
1912:
1825:
1727:
1702:
845:Three IPAs are included in the
745:
23:. For the extinct volcano, see
3249:Australian Aboriginal missions
3093:Australian fossil mammal sites
3052:Australian fossil mammal sites
3036:Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park
1236:
1164:
683:Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
649:
619:
572:2019-2020 Australian bushfires
511:Victoria Archaeological Survey
1:
3279:Sacred mountains of Australia
3239:Geography of Victoria (state)
2799:( Govt Gazette, 20 July 2004)
2684:Miller, Andrew (1 May 2021).
2658:Miles, Daniel (14 May 2021).
2361:. 5 July 2013. Archived from
2273:"Budj Bim Cultural Landscape"
2098:Indigenous Land Corporation,
1684:"Lake Condah Mission Station"
1252:
1224:Australian Aboriginal culture
874:woodland, managing weeds and
664:was established in 1867 as a
616:after establishment in 1867.
491:Chief Protector of Aborigines
307:people: Budj Bim features in
166:National heritage (landscape)
98:9,935 hectares (24,550 acres)
2787:Heritage Council of Victoria
2073:"Indigenous Protected Areas"
1394:Chai, Paul (27 April 2017).
1229:
1144:Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006
819:Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006
718:to operate until June 1948.
415:
391:is based on the eruption of
7:
3259:Western District (Victoria)
3150:Budj Bim Cultural Landscape
2934:Budj Bim Cultural Landscape
2392:Budj Bim Cultural Landscape
1968:"Lake Condah Land Transfer"
1615:Weir, Jessica Kate (2009).
1217:
1045:The Budj Bim Trails Project
1003:on 20 July 2004, under the
839:Australian Heritage Council
814:Registered Aboriginal Party
352:Registered Aboriginal Party
319:on the land created by the
262:Budj Bim Cultural Landscape
33:Budj Bim Cultural Landscape
10:
3295:
2803:
2541:Neal, Matt (6 July 2019).
1550:denisbin (30 April 2015).
791:Indigenous Protected Areas
653:
623:
593:
266:Indigenous Protected Areas
40:UNESCO World Heritage Site
18:
3211:
3189:
3158:
3140:Royal Exhibition Building
3132:
3106:
3085:
3077:Wet Tropics of Queensland
3044:
3023:
2982:
1780:"Lake Condah (1867-1913)"
1301:Location and Boundary Map
1198:project by the Victorian
739:Bringing Them Home Report
484:forager (hunter-gatherer)
212:
208:
204:
196:
188:
178:
170:
162:
154:
145:
141:
102:
94:
82:
72:
62:
46:
37:
3198:Australian Convict Sites
3166:Australian Convict Sites
3114:Australian Convict Sites
2990:Australian Convict Sites
2925:UNESCO official web page
2863:"[Presentation]"
2861:Winda-Mara Corporation.
2823:Horton, Jessica (2015).
2752:
2736:"Budj Bim National Park"
2633:"Budj Bim National Park"
1923:Four Towns and a Survey.
1186:by shooting them from a
1174:In May 2021, over 1,100
828:Aboriginal land councils
596:Australian frontier wars
499:George Augustus Robinson
256:, the largest two being
3176:Purnululu National Park
2717:
2248:Final Assessment Report
2219:Final Assessment Report
1862:Documenting a Democracy
1833:"Darlot Creek location"
1715:. South Grampians Shire
808:) was purchased by the
727:Four Towns and a Survey
323:up to 8,000 years ago.
246:Budj Bim heritage areas
3015:Willandra Lakes Region
3005:Lord Howe Island Group
1974:. 2011. Archived from
1123:Government of Victoria
1001:National Heritage List
997:Budj Bim National Park
910:Lake Condah IPA (2010)
835:National Heritage List
576:Budj Bim National Park
524:, researcher from the
370:
362:
340:National Heritage List
293:Budj Bim National Park
21:Budj Bim National Park
1214:since the bushfires.
862:Tyrendarra IPA (2003)
795:Australian Government
594:Further information:
541:'s best-selling book
495:Port Phillip district
368:
360:
3190:External territories
3124:Tasmanian Wilderness
3067:Gondwana Rainforests
3031:Kakadu National Park
2995:Gondwana Rainforests
2837:"Indigenous History"
2469:Gunditj Mirring TOAC
1433:Smithsonian Magazine
946:Kurtonitj IPA (2009)
526:University of Sydney
479:Eucalyptus viminalis
2889:. 11 December 2015.
2742:. 24 February 2020.
2496:. 21 September 2014
2237:. 21 September 2014
2208:. 21 September 2014
1978:on 13 February 2020
1331:2020Geo....48..390M
1135:Lake Condah Mission
1056:World Heritage List
699:Aborigines Act 1910
689:Half-Caste Act 1886
680:was created by the
662:Lake Condah Mission
656:Lake Condah Mission
614:Lake Condah Mission
610:Aboriginal reserves
482:), and permitted a
434:European settlement
344:World Heritage Site
333:Lake Condah Mission
254:Victoria, Australia
122: /
34:
3215:states/territories
3213:Shared with other
3072:Great Barrier Reef
3024:Northern Territory
3010:Sydney Opera House
2843:. 19 October 2017.
2829:Aboriginal History
2639:. 24 February 2020
2420:. 11 December 2015
2394:. 3 September 2019
2332:. 11 December 2015
2108:on 25 October 2009
2101:Land Purchased VIC
2079:. 18 February 2019
2053:. 11 December 2015
2016:Government Gazette
1919:Learmonth, Noel F.
1808:"Lake Condah, VIC"
1688:Find & Connect
1305:Government Gazette
1082:and continuity of
1018:Indigenous Rangers
960:freshwater marshes
715:Lake Tyers Mission
584:Indigenous rangers
389:Gunditjmara people
371:
363:
179:Reference no.
126:38.083°S 141.900°E
32:
3221:
3220:
3196:(Norfolk Island)
3159:Western Australia
2789:. 3 October 2014.
2774:978-1-921069-08-6
2584:978-1-921069-08-6
2440:"Land Management"
2158:"Land Management"
1740:Cecil Pybus Cooke
1631:978-0-85575-439-6
1495:978-1-922142-43-6
1084:cultural practice
1080:oral transmission
884:bushfires in 2006
666:Church of England
561:Monash University
458:short-finned eels
379:Volcanic eruption
248:includes several
243:
242:
3286:
3119:Macquarie Island
3094:
3053:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2928:
2927:
2912:
2910:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2869:
2867:
2857:
2844:
2832:
2831:– via ANU.
2819:
2790:
2778:
2766:
2743:
2731:
2729:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2576:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2384:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2269:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2104:, archived from
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2043:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2013:
2001:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1939:
1933:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1900:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1776:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1680:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1649:on 21 March 2015
1648:
1642:. Archived from
1623:
1612:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1578:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1547:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1511:
1500:
1499:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1462:The Conversation
1453:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1424:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1400:Newcastle Herald
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1339:10.1130/G47166.1
1314:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1280:
1246:
1240:
549:hunter gatherers
440:trap systems at
426:drainage pattern
228:
227:
221:
137:
136:
134:
133:
132:
131:-38.083; 141.900
127:
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
68:Cultural: iii, v
41:
35:
31:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3207:
3185:
3154:
3145:Carlton Gardens
3128:
3102:
3092:
3086:South Australia
3081:
3051:
3040:
3019:
2983:New South Wales
2978:
2973:
2937:
2931:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2893:
2881:
2865:
2835:
2806:
2781:
2775:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2734:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:Further reading
2705:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2604:
2600:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2253:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2211:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2003:
2002:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1917:
1913:
1898:10.1.1.519.3547
1891:(2007): 41–49,
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1762:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1682:
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1662:
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1650:
1646:
1632:
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1613:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1570:
1560:
1558:
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1535:
1525:
1523:
1512:
1503:
1496:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1454:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1425:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1366:
1362:
1315:
1311:
1307:, 20 July 2004.
1292:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1220:
1153:
1104:
1061:Ancestral Being
1052:
1013:
1011:Land management
988:
948:
912:
898:ceremonial site
864:
788:
783:
781:Protected areas
758:Parks Australia
748:
658:
652:
628:
622:
598:
592:
522:Harry Lourandos
420:The Tyrendarra
418:
410:oral traditions
381:
376:
309:their mythology
250:protected areas
239:
238:
237:
236:
235:
231:
230:
229:
150:
130:
128:
124:
121:
116:
113:
111:
109:
108:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3292:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3219:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Ningaloo Coast
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3129:
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3116:
3110:
3108:
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3101:
3100:
3095:
3089:
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3080:
3079:
3074:
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3064:
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3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
3000:Blue Mountains
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2929:
2918:
2917:External links
2915:
2914:
2913:
2902:
2891:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2858:
2845:
2841:Visit Portland
2833:
2820:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2791:
2779:
2773:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2740:Parks Victoria
2732:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2676:
2650:
2637:Parks Victoria
2624:
2598:
2583:
2560:
2533:
2507:
2481:
2456:
2431:
2405:
2376:
2365:on 20 May 2019
2343:
2314:
2289:
2251:
2222:
2193:
2174:
2146:
2118:
2090:
2064:
2029:
1989:
1959:
1934:
1911:
1875:
1849:
1824:
1796:
1760:
1726:
1701:
1660:
1630:
1598:
1568:
1533:
1501:
1494:
1474:
1445:
1412:
1386:
1360:
1325:(4): 390–394.
1309:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1208:Parks Victoria
1192:hoofed animals
1152:
1151:Recent history
1149:
1107:involved. The
1103:
1102:Administration
1100:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1012:
1009:
991:south-west of
987:
984:
947:
944:
911:
908:
863:
860:
787:
784:
782:
779:
747:
744:
723:Noel Learmonth
654:Main article:
651:
648:
624:Main article:
621:
618:
602:Eumeralla Wars
591:
588:
580:archaeologists
417:
414:
412:in existence.
385:creation story
380:
377:
375:
372:
241:
240:
233:
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223:
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197:Legal Status
174:20 July 2004
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2906:"Kurtonitj"
2895:"Kurtonitj"
2449:10 February
2388:"Kurtonitj"
2202:"Kurtonitj"
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1952:11 February
1868:13 February
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1837:Google Maps
1817:13 February
1789:10 February
1750:10 February
1719:13 February
1653:11 February
1591:13 February
1561:11 February
1180:fallow deer
1155:During the
964:Gunditjmara
921:great egret
917:tiger quoll
670:Kerrupjmara
650:The Mission
626:Lake Condah
620:Lake Condah
466:Gunditjmara
450:aquaculture
442:Lake Condah
317:aquaculture
301:Gunditjmara
129: /
104:Coordinates
86:2019 (43rd
83:Inscription
3228:Categories
3098:Naracoorte
3045:Queensland
2816:Broadsheet
2526:30 January
2369:30 January
1526:30 January
1467:30 January
1438:30 January
1293:30 January
1253:References
1188:helicopter
1176:feral pigs
880:boardwalks
694:half-caste
640:black swan
632:Aboriginal
570:After the
401:Tower Hill
321:lava flows
305:Aboriginal
276:, and the
192:Indigenous
171:Designated
3181:Shark Bay
2876:Kurtonitj
1907:1832-6919
1893:CiteSeerX
1640:1835-7709
1355:214357121
1347:0091-7613
1230:Footnotes
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1111:(now the
1075:deep time
993:Macarthur
872:manna gum
707:bluestone
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444:has been
422:lava flow
416:Eel traps
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3133:Victoria
3107:Tasmania
2871:Undated.
2643:19 March
2617:19 March
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2474:11 March
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289:Budj Bim
285:volcanic
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852:Rangers
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