162:
34:
393:"An Act to Preserve and Encourage the Woollen and Silk Manufactures of this Kingdom, and for more Effectual Employing the Poor, by Prohibiting the Use and Wear of all Printed, Painted, Stained or Dyed Callicoes in Apparel, Household Stuff, Furniture, or otherwise, after the twenty fifth Day of December one thousand seven hundred and twenty two"
340:, which slowly expanded till by the beginning of the 1770s seven thousand bales of cotton were imported annually, and pressure was put on Parliament, by the new mill owners, to remove the prohibition on the production and sale of pure cotton cloth, as they wished to compete with the EIC for the British cotton market.
343:
The acts were repealed in 1774, triggering a wave of investment in mill based cotton spinning and production, doubling the demand for raw cotton within a couple of years, and doubling it again every decade, till the 1840s. According to the Indian historian
Prasannan Parthasarathi, mechanization and
372:
that from
Michaelmas 1701, all wrought silks, Bengals and stuffs, mixed with silk or herba, of the manufacture of Persia, China or East India; and also all printed calicoes, and all painted, dyed or stained there, shall be locked up in warehouses appointed by the commissioners of the customs, till
291:
The impacted weavers, spinners, dyers, shepherds and farmers objected, with
Parliament petitioned, the EIC offices stormed by a mob, the fashion conscious assaulted for wearing imported cloth, making the calico question one of the major issues of national politics between the 1680s and the 1730s.
287:
cloth after the restoration of the monarchy in the 1660s. Initially imported as a novelty side line, from its spice trading posts in Asia, the cheap colourful cloth proved popular and overtook the EIC's spice trade by value in the late 17th century. The EIC embraced the demand, particularly for
179:
An Act to preserve and encourage the woollen and silk manufacturers of this kingdom, and for more effectual employing the poor, by prohibiting the use and wear of all printed, painted, stained or dyed callicoes in apparel, household stuff, furniture, or otherwise, after the twenty fifth day of
335:
for the domestic market, though more importantly triggering the development of a series of mechanised spinning and weaving technologies, to process the material. This mechanised production was concentrated in new
373:
re-exported; so none of the said goods should be worn or used, in either apparel or furniture, in
England, on forfeiture thereof, and also of two hundred pound penalty on th persons having or selling any of them
331:
and raw cotton). The exemption of raw cotton from the prohibition initially saw 2,000 bales of raw cotton imported annually, to become the basis of a new indigenous industry, initially producing
642:
348:
allowed the
British cotton producers "to out-produce not just the quantity, but the quality of Indian textiles", while the textile work in England was paid with a higher
312:. c. 10), blocking the importation of cotton cloth. As there was no punishment for continuing to sell cotton cloth, smuggling of the popular material became commonplace.
364:
1690 – The Impost of 1690 - upon East India Goods, wrought silk, and other foreign commodities, in all 55 in number - 20% tariff on import of East Indian goods
288:
calico, by expanding its factories in Asia and producing and importing cloth in bulk, creating competition for domestic woollen and linen textile producers.
264:
528:
Eacott, Jonathan P (2012). "Making an
Imperial Compromise: The Calico Acts, the Atlantic Colonies, and the Structure of the British Empire".
367:
1700 (11 Will. 3)- An act for the more effectual employing the poor, by encouraging the
Manufacturers of this Kingdom. - banned most imports
503:
427:
597:
617:
300:. Seeing the East India Company and their textile importation as a threat to domestic textile businesses, Parliament passed the
185:
56:
612:
292:
Parliament began to see a decline in domestic textile sales, and an increase in imported textiles from places like
632:
443:"Cotton textiles and the great divergence: Lancashare, India and shifting of competitive advantage, 1600-1850"
622:
124:
327:. c. 7). This time they prohibiting the sale of most cottons, imported and domestic (exempting only thread
166:
428:"The Early British Industrial Revolution and Infant Industry Protectionism: The Case of Cotton Textiles"
315:
So, dissatisfied with the outcome of the first act, in 1721 Parliament passed a stricter addition, the
276:
51:
An Act for the more effectuall imploying the Poor by incourageing the
Manufactures of this Kingdom.
138:
637:
627:
647:
565:
An
Historical and Chronological Deduction of the Origin of Commerce, from the Earliest Accounts
345:
248:
549:
259:), which dominated world cotton textile markets at the time. The acts were a precursor to the
260:
174:
46:
38:
8:
252:
545:
495:
602:
499:
442:
213:
96:
607:
541:
537:
487:
280:
180:
December one thousand seven hundred and twenty two (except as therein is excepted).
592:
324:
190:
491:
586:
203:
86:
399:
1730s - modified, with an exemption to the sale of
British printed fabrics
471:
337:
576:
Woodruff Smith, Consumption and the Making of Respectability, 1600–1800
309:
61:
476:"Skill, craft and histories of industrialization of Europe and Asia"
475:
380:
1700 - 15% duty on Muslins, a duty on East India Goods, laid on in.
236:
332:
328:
263:, when Britain eventually surpassed India as the world's leading
240:
349:
284:
256:
244:
119:
389:
1721 - Calico Act - banned the sale of most cotton textiles.
297:
293:
383:
1700 - export duty on English woolen produce abolished.
643:
History of the textile industry in the United Kingdom
584:
452:. Department of Economics, University of Warwick
361:1685 – 10% tariff on import of East Indian goods
243:, followed by the restriction of sale of most
235:(1700, 1721) banned the import of most cotton
480:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
470:
450:International Institute of Social History
585:
567:. Logographic Press. pp. 646–647.
562:
527:
509:from the original on 23 September 2017
304:Encouragement of Manufactures Act 1698
22:Encouragement of Manufactures Act 1698
139:Text of statute as originally enacted
422:
420:
418:
416:
319:Woollen, etc., Manufactures Act 1720
150:Woollen, etc., Manufactures Act 1720
13:
517:– via University of Warwick.
14:
659:
598:Acts of the Parliament of England
440:
413:
386:1707 - 50% tariff on Indian goods
618:Industrial Revolution in England
160:
32:
486:. Royal Historical Society: 4.
556:
550:10.5309/willmaryquar.69.4.0731
542:10.5309/willmaryquar.69.4.0731
530:The William and Mary Quarterly
521:
464:
434:
1:
406:
125:Statute Law Revision Act 1867
279:introduced Britain to cheap
7:
247:textiles. It was a form of
167:Parliament of Great Britain
10:
664:
613:British East India Company
277:English East India Company
270:
146:United Kingdom legislation
71:11 & 12 Will. 3. c. 10
18:United Kingdom legislation
492:10.1017/S0080440114000061
352:than that paid in India.
251:, largely in response to
222:
212:
202:
197:
184:
173:
159:
154:
137:
130:
118:
113:
105:
95:
85:
80:
55:
45:
31:
26:
355:
633:1720s in Great Britain
249:economic protectionism
267:in the 19th century.
261:Industrial Revolution
39:Parliament of England
623:1700s in British law
441:Gupta, Bishnupriya.
265:textile manufacturer
580:English legislation
474:(24 October 2014).
151:
23:
563:Walter, J (1787).
149:
21:
229:
228:
155:Act of Parliament
144:
143:
114:Other legislation
101:29 September 1701
27:Act of Parliament
655:
569:
568:
560:
554:
553:
525:
519:
518:
516:
514:
508:
468:
462:
461:
459:
457:
447:
438:
432:
431:
424:
321:
320:
306:
305:
224:Status: Repealed
218:25 December 1722
164:
163:
152:
148:
132:Status: Repealed
72:
36:
35:
24:
20:
663:
662:
658:
657:
656:
654:
653:
652:
583:
582:
581:
573:
572:
561:
557:
526:
522:
512:
510:
506:
469:
465:
455:
453:
445:
439:
435:
430:. 22 June 2010.
426:
425:
414:
409:
402:1774 - repealed
358:
325:7 Geo. 1. St. 1
318:
317:
303:
302:
273:
225:
191:7 Geo. 1. St. 1
169:
161:
147:
133:
76:
70:
65:
41:
33:
19:
12:
11:
5:
661:
651:
650:
645:
640:
638:1720s in India
635:
630:
628:1700s in India
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
579:
578:
577:
571:
570:
555:
536:(4): 731–762.
520:
463:
433:
411:
410:
408:
405:
404:
403:
400:
397:
396:
395:
387:
384:
381:
378:
377:
376:
365:
362:
357:
354:
346:factory system
272:
269:
255:(particularly
227:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
210:
209:
206:
200:
199:
195:
194:
188:
182:
181:
177:
171:
170:
165:
157:
156:
145:
142:
141:
135:
134:
131:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
99:
93:
92:
89:
83:
82:
78:
77:
75:
74:
66:
59:
53:
52:
49:
43:
42:
37:
29:
28:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
660:
649:
648:Protectionism
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
588:
575:
574:
566:
559:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
524:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
467:
451:
444:
437:
429:
423:
421:
419:
417:
412:
401:
398:
394:
391:
390:
388:
385:
382:
379:
374:
369:
368:
366:
363:
360:
359:
353:
351:
347:
341:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
313:
311:
307:
299:
295:
289:
286:
282:
278:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
221:
217:
215:
211:
208:23 March 1721
207:
205:
201:
196:
192:
189:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
158:
153:
140:
136:
129:
126:
123:
121:
117:
112:
108:
104:
100:
98:
94:
91:11 April 1700
90:
88:
84:
79:
68:
67:
63:
60:
58:
54:
50:
48:
44:
40:
30:
25:
16:
564:
558:
533:
529:
523:
511:. Retrieved
483:
479:
466:
454:. Retrieved
449:
436:
392:
371:
342:
338:cotton mills
316:
314:
301:
290:
274:
232:
230:
214:Commencement
204:Royal assent
109:15 July 1867
97:Commencement
87:Royal assent
15:
472:Maxine Berg
233:Calico Acts
120:Repealed by
69:(Ruffhead:
587:Categories
456:5 December
407:References
310:11 Will. 3
175:Long title
62:11 Will. 3
47:Long title
500:154017526
603:Spinning
504:Archived
237:textiles
186:Citation
106:Repealed
57:Citation
608:Weaving
333:Fustian
329:Fustian
271:Context
241:England
64:. c. 10
593:Cotton
548:
513:28 May
498:
350:salary
285:chintz
281:calico
257:Bengal
245:cotton
193:. c. 7
546:JSTOR
507:(PDF)
496:S2CID
446:(PDF)
298:India
294:China
253:India
239:into
198:Dates
81:Dates
515:2021
458:2016
356:Acts
344:the
296:and
283:and
275:The
231:The
538:doi
488:doi
589::
544:.
534:69
532:.
502:.
494:.
484:24
482:.
478:.
448:.
415:^
552:.
540::
490::
460:.
375:"
370:"
323:(
308:(
73:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.