206:
354:) against him, taking up a position outside his residence and potentially polluting his house and family with the responsibility of the faster's death. Irish saints fasted not only to mortify the flesh, but to coerce secular authorities and even to convince God himself. According to the
141:, but by doubling or writing out the vowel twice. However, it was clearly transcribed by someone who did not know any Irish and it contains, in Thurneysen's words, "every misreading which the Irish script could suggest". The edition published in
806:
Duobus modis crucem Domini baiulamus, cum aut per abstinentiam carnem efficiamus, aut per conpassionem proximi necessitatem illius nostram esse putamus; qui enim dolorem exhibet in aliena necessitate crucem portat in
196:
is to be regarded as a model not only of meaningful suffering, but of relations to others: "everyone's sickness was sickness to him, offence to anyone was offence to him, everyone's infirmity was infirmity to him."
314:
has a figurative meaning of "fresh, raw, sharp" (in regard to weather) and "harsh" (morally); it also applies to complexion ("wan") or the discoloration of a corpse as "bluish, livid." The Irish treatise
424:
The identification of the text as a fragment of a homily has been criticized by Milton Gatch, who maintains that early
Christian Ireland lacked a homiletic movement aimed at sharing the teachings of the
470:
241:. Blood martyrdom was not a regular feature of early Christian life in Ireland, despite narratives that depict conflict between missionaries and traditional religious authorities such as the
1195:
by the
Cambrai homilist to denote a kind of martyrdom may convey a range of sacred connotations, and the complexity of this word grouping may indicate some confusion of color and substance.
879:
416:: "What are the types of martyrdom other than death? That is, three. Self-control in abundance, generosity in poverty, chastity in youth." Later examples of similar triads also exist.
189:, and when out of compassion for him we regard the needs of our neighbour as our own. A person who has compassion for the needs of his neighbour truly carries the cross in his heart.
319:
prescribes "fearsome penances" such as spending the night immersed in water or on nettles or nutshells or in the presence of a corpse. In one 12th-century Irish poem, the speaker
987:
1003:
1225:
1038:
is a problematic color word, in ancient Greek meaning either "blue-black, purplish black" or "orange, saffron"; see M. Eleanor Irwin, "Odysseus' 'Hyacinthine Hair' in
145:(vol. II, pp. 244 ff.) contains both the text as it appears in the manuscript and a restoration of what the editors believe to be the correct text.
62:
and for understanding sermons as they might have existed in the 7th-century Irish church. The homily also contains the earliest examples in written Irish of
709:
976:
Issi in bánmartre du duiniu intain scaras ar Dea fri cach réet caris, cé rucésa áini nú laubir n-oco. issi ind glasmartre dó intain scaras fria thola leó
27:
295:
186:
356:
307:
94:
1188:
871:
1280:
623:
492:. The language of the homily itself, however, dates it to the late 7th century or the beginning of the 8th. It was inserted into the text of the
552:
1661:
931:
911:
1656:
170:
526:
506:. The scribe's knowledge of the Irish language appears to have been limited or nonexistent. An edition was published in 1903 by
485:
117:
is one of the few surviving written sources for Old Irish in the period 700 to 900. As such, it was an important source for
182:
814:
758:
1273:
1209:
831:
675:
397:
790:
729:
685:
342:
martyrdom is fasting, a common penance which gained special significance from the practice of fasting as codified in
1179:
emulated Christ's mortification and "then went to the sacred altar purer than electrum and clearer than glass"; see
525:. Edited by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan. Cambridge University Press, 1903, vol. 2, pp. 244–247. Full text
1630:
1565:
1313:
1353:
503:
1651:
264:
1266:
1551:
1393:
619:
494:
298:
and penitent labors, without necessarily implying a journey or complete withdrawal from life; red martyrdom (
599:
1128:
445:, he says, lacks the opening and close that is characteristic of the genre, and was probably just a short
560:
238:
1516:
1363:
1102:
to tint their bodies blue or blue-black for sacred rites. See Xavier
Delamarre, “Glaston, glasson,” in
1378:
1318:
755:
Verschriftung und
Verschriftlichung: Aspekte des Medienwechsels in verschiedenen Kulturen und Epochen
230:
74:
1220:
Milton McCormick Gatch, "The
Achievement of Aelfric and His Colleagues in European Perspective," in
645:
1625:
1368:
511:
507:
438:
58:
sources are in Latin, with the explication in Irish. It is a significant document for the study of
1486:
1388:
1074:
906:
221:, designated by color. This triad is unique, but draws on earlier distinctions between "red" and
158:
741:
Paul
Russell, " 'What Was Best of Every Language': The Early History of the Irish Language," in
369:
1594:
1496:
1446:
863:
347:
328:
174:
67:
327:." In a much-referenced analysis of the Irish colors of martyrdom, Clare Stancliffe presented
1589:
478:
441:
effort to assemble useful cycles of preaching materials in the native tongue." The so-called
603:
384:, had a distinctively Irish character, leading perhaps to the use of the Celtic color word.
1476:
1099:
705:
310:". Its symbolism in regard to martyrdom has been explained variously but not definitively.
250:
218:
86:
42:
by the 7th century in
Ireland. The homily is also the oldest single example of an extended
1348:
8:
1620:
882:
On the meaning of these stories as distinguished from any point of historical fact, see
750:
346:. A person with an unanswered claim against a social superior might threaten or enact a
1572:
1511:
1461:
1436:
1343:
1176:
633:
446:
246:
811:
Christ in Celtic
Christianity: Britain and Ireland from the Fifth to the Tenth Century
1403:
1383:
1338:
786:
770:
681:
541:. Edited by DáibhĂ Ă“ CrĂłinĂn. Oxford University Press, 2005, vol. 1. Limited preview
388:
275:
234:
118:
63:
290:
on behalf of Christ" that might be extended permanently; blue (or green) martyrdom (
271:
1599:
1558:
1501:
1466:
1441:
1059:, pp. 168ff, especially 176–177, with notes 34 and 35 detailing sources on Adomnán.
713:
474:
138:
59:
35:
1358:
1491:
1471:
1180:
1069:
1046:
44.3 (1990) 205-218 (where it is argued that in context the word means "curled").
859:
542:
499:
343:
335:
martyrdom was so called because its austerity produced a sickly pale complexion.
162:
1333:
1258:
1537:
1481:
1171:
946:
937:
923:
847:
701:
430:
426:
82:
55:
785:. School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. p. 9.
1645:
1426:
1408:
1398:
1289:
1123:
1111:
782:
437:
literature shows scant interest in preaching, and that homilies represent "a
50:. The text is incomplete, and Latin and Irish are mixed. Quotations from the
1328:
828:
Perfect Fools: Folly for Christ's Sake in
Catholic and Orthodox Spirituality
1604:
778:
320:
260:
222:
130:
102:
1138:
677:
CĂ©li DĂ© in
Ireland: Monastic Writing and Identity in the Early Middle Ages
549:
CĂ©li DĂ© in Ireland: Monastic Writing and Identity in the Early Middle Ages
1147:
883:
843:
481:
450:
434:
405:
402:
381:
373:
365:
126:
1373:
1451:
1253:, p. 54, note 144; Stancliffe, "Red, White, and Blue Martyrdom," p. 23.
1016:
Ireland in Early Mediaeval Europe. Studies in memory of Kathleen Hughes
466:
287:
256:
226:
134:
90:
31:
1308:
1303:
1143:
1055:
Binchy, "A Pre-Christian Survival in Mediaeval Irish Hagiography," in
361:
323:, a dweller in the wilderness, says "My feet are wounded; my cheek is
1323:
205:
166:
47:
922:
Kristine Edmondson Haney, "The 'Christ and the Beasts' Panel on the
1431:
1166:
725:
717:
161:, calling upon each of them to follow his example and "take up his
1506:
1118:
24 (2005) 273–292, especially pp. 278–279, though Carr says that
1083:
520:
477:
37rb–38rb). The manuscript was copied in the period 763–790 by a
122:
886:, "A Pre-Christian Survival in Mediaeval Irish Hagiography," in
842:
On this conflict, most often embodied by confrontations between
282:), he says, is separation from all that one loves, perhaps on a
274:. The Cambrai homilist elaborates also on a distinction made by
1456:
1107:
721:
267:
193:
23:
519:
Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus: A Collection of Old-Irish Glosses
391:
appears with a Latin fragment at the end of the Cambrai text:
70:, though the text taken as a whole is not composed in triads.
1158:
489:
242:
233:, was rarely obtainable after the establishment of Christian
154:
51:
43:
39:
306:
for the third way of martyrdom can be translated as either "
209:
Jerome and Gregory, whose views of martyrdom influenced the
26:, dating to the 7th or early 8th century, and housed in the
1095:
1208:(Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 33, 60–61, and 74
1106:(Éditions Errance, 2003) p. 180, and Gillian Carr, "Woad,
1091:
270:
who aspired to the condition of martyrdom through strict
1022:, especially pp. 29, 35 and 41. The Latin equivalent of
809:, as quoted by Michael W. Herren and Shirley Ann Brown,
559:
Ireland in Early Mediaeval Europe. Studies in Memory of
557:
Stancliffe, Clare. "Red, white and blue martyrdom." In
539:
A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland
278:
between inward and outward martyrdom. White martyrdom (
1185:
Three Studies in Medieval Religious and Social Thought
1014:
Clare Stancliffe, "Red, White and Blue Martyrdom," in
753:, "Literacy and Cultural Change in Early Ireland," in
910:(Cambridge University Press, 1940, 1985 ed.), p. 315
1245:
James Carney, "Language and Literature to 1168," in
1236:
Stancliffe, "Red, White, and Blue Martyrdom," p. 23.
185:in two ways, both when we mortify the body through
874:; James Bonwick, "St. Patrick and the Druids," in
302:) requires torture or death. The Irish color word
1288:
870:(Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2002), pp. 76–77
393:castitas in iuventute, continentia in habundantia
1643:
890:(Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 165–178.
628:. Oxford University Press. pp. 379 and 492.
364:fasted and immersed himself every night in the
1417:
1142:is etymologically related to the English word
419:
395:. This fragment corresponds to a triad in the
251:Viking invasions at the end of the 8th century
1274:
1206:The Irish Tradition in Old English Literature
749:exhibits; p. 418 on vowel doubling. See also
730:Early Irish literature: The Old Irish glosses
514:, with some aspects now considered outdated.
294:) involves the denial of desires, as through
1136:, a usual Latin word for "glass." Old Irish
618:
598:
1187:(Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 198
930:(Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 222
574:Ó Néill, Pádraig P. "The Background to the
125:of Old Irish. It exhibits some distinctive
1281:
1267:
1222:The Old English Homily and Its Backgrounds
769:
658:
429:in the vernacular. Gatch holds that Irish
200:
148:
108:
1110:and Identity in Later Iron Age and Early
165:." The homily takes an inclusive view of
153:The passage from Matthew is addressed by
66:, a form of expression characteristic of
830:(Oxford University Press, 1980), p. 46
532:
484:working in northern France for Alberic,
245:. Irish saints had to forgo the bloody "
204:
745:, p. 412; p. 417 for some variants the
673:
551:. Boydell Press, 2006. Limited preview
38:had already been established alongside
1644:
1034:; this is a somewhat unorthodox view.
998:English translation of the passage in
934:Jerome explores this new ideal in his
412:supplies the missing third element as
338:One of the primary means of achieving
28:Médiathèque d'agglomération de Cambrai
1262:
980:césas sáithor i ppennit ocus aithrigi
502:that had been slipped into the Latin
380:, a term that came into use also for
368:as a protest against the kingship of
360:and some Irish annals, for instance,
1165:(the latter word sometimes meaning "
1018:(Cambridge University Press, 1982),
878:(London 1894), pp. 37ff., full text
876:Irish Druids and Old Irish Religions
852:St. Patrick of Ireland: A Biography
757:(Gunter Narr Verlag, 1998), p. 114
564:. Cambridge University Press, 1982.
13:
1662:Texts of medieval Ireland in Latin
1104:Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise
704:and the three main collections of
661:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia'
568:
398:Prebiarum de multorum exemplaribus
229:, or violent death as a result of
85:, and an explanation of the three
14:
1673:
1057:Ireland in Early Mediaeval Europe
888:Ireland in Early Mediaeval Europe
680:. Boydell Press. pp. 54–56.
473:(Cambrai, MS. 679, formerly 619,
1566:De mirabilibus sacrae scripturae
605:Hiberno-Latin Literature to 1169
30:. It is evidence that a written
1657:Early medieval Latin literature
1239:
1230:
1214:
1198:
1062:
1049:
1008:
992:
969:
952:
916:
893:
836:
813:(Boydell Press, 2002), pp. 142
625:Language and Literature to 1168
1224:(SUNY Press, 1978), pp. 51–52
982:: text from Herren and Brown,
820:
799:
763:
735:
724:, and the St. Gall glosses on
694:
667:
652:
612:
592:
133:is sometimes indicated in the
1:
1552:Collectio canonum Hibernensis
1290:Hiberno-Latin culture to 1169
1116:Oxford Journal of Archaeology
984:Christ in Celtic Christianity
868:A Brief History of the Druids
586:
495:Collectio Canonum Hibernensis
213:, in a 15th-century depiction
854:(Simon and Schuster, 2005),
22:is the earliest known Irish
7:
1132:5.4) calls this coloration
708:and grammatical texts: the
456:
420:Alternative interpretations
89:, designated by the colors
10:
1678:
1517:Virgilius Maro Grammaticus
1364:Laidcenn mac Buith Bannaig
1191:The use of the color word
1094:(most often identified as
498:, apparently from a stray
217:The homily outlines three
143:Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus
129:features; for instance, a
77:with a selection from the
1613:
1582:
1529:
1296:
716:, the Milan glosses on a
706:glosses on Latin biblical
674:Follett, Westley (2006).
663:. Routledge. p. 452.
331:evidence to suggest that
1631:Hiberno-Latin after 1169
1626:Hiberno-Scottish mission
1369:Laurentius of Echternach
1354:Gilla CrĂst Ua Máel EĂłin
1247:A New History of Ireland
1026:, Stancliffe argues, is
743:A New History of Ireland
659:Seán Duffy, ed. (2006).
284:peregrinatio pro Christo
1487:Blessed Marianus Scotus
1389:Muirchu moccu Machtheni
1379:Manchán of Min Droichit
1319:Cenn Fáelad mac Aillila
1204:Charles Darwin Wright,
826:Quoted in John Saward,
471:Bibliothèque Municipale
201:The colors of martyrdom
149:Penitence and suffering
109:Linguistic significance
73:The homily expounds on
1652:Early Irish literature
1595:Gospels of Mael Brigte
1497:Martianus Hiberniensis
1447:Colman nepos Cracavist
1098:) used by the ancient
864:Peter Berresford Ellis
775:A Grammar of Old Irish
414:largitas in paupertate
214:
191:
95:blue (or green, Irish
68:early Irish literature
1590:Antiphonary of Bangor
1314:Augustinus Hibernicus
1169:"). According to the
533:Selected bibliography
408:of 93 questions. The
231:religious persecution
208:
179:
1477:John Scotus Eriugena
846:and the druids, see
376:has argued that the
370:ĂŤrgalach mac Conaing
263:" for those such as
219:degrees of martyrdom
87:degrees of martyrdom
79:Homilia in Evangelia
1621:Celtic Christianity
1249:, p. 492; Follett,
938:St. Paul the Hermit
928:Anglo-Saxon England
329:comparative textual
259:had used the term "
1573:Proverbia Grecorum
1512:Virgil of Salzburg
1462:Donatus of Fiesole
1437:Clement of Ireland
1344:Finnian of Moville
1251:CĂ©li DĂ© in Ireland
1177:William of Gellone
1084:Continental Celtic
1075:Historia naturalis
1000:CĂ©li DĂ© in Ireland
986:, p. 147, note 37
958:Bertram Colgrave,
899:Bertram Colgrave,
858:, limited preview
779:Binchy, D. A.
771:Thurneysen, Rudolf
582:32 (1981) 137–148.
547:Follett, Westley.
439:peculiarly English
247:crown of martyrdom
215:
171:self-mortification
60:Celtic linguistics
34:encouraged by the
1639:
1638:
1525:
1524:
1404:Ruben of Dairinis
1384:Mo Sinu moccu Min
1349:Fintán of Taghmon
1339:Diarmaid the Just
964:of Saint Cuthbert
486:bishop of Cambrai
449:or excerpt for a
223:"white" martyrdom
119:Rudolf Thurneysen
1669:
1600:Reichenau Primer
1559:Hisperica Famina
1502:Sedulius Scottus
1442:Coelius Sedulius
1415:
1414:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1218:
1212:
1202:
1196:
1090:) for the plant
1066:
1060:
1053:
1047:
1012:
1006:
996:
990:
973:
967:
956:
950:
920:
914:
897:
891:
840:
834:
824:
818:
803:
797:
796:
777:. Translated by
767:
761:
751:GearĂłid Mac Eoin
739:
733:
714:epistles of Paul
710:WĂĽrzburg glosses
698:
692:
691:
671:
665:
664:
656:
650:
649:
643:
639:
637:
629:
616:
610:
609:
600:DáibhĂ Ă“ CrĂłinĂn
596:
139:diacritical mark
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1609:
1578:
1521:
1492:Marianus Scotus
1472:Hibernicus exul
1419:
1413:
1292:
1287:
1257:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1219:
1215:
1203:
1199:
1181:Giles Constable
1161:", also called
1153:, and to Latin
1129:Bellum Gallicum
1067:
1063:
1054:
1050:
1013:
1009:
997:
993:
974:
970:
957:
953:
921:
917:
898:
894:
841:
837:
825:
821:
804:
800:
793:
768:
764:
740:
736:
700:Others are the
699:
695:
688:
672:
668:
657:
653:
641:
640:
631:
630:
617:
613:
597:
593:
589:
571:
569:Further reading
561:Kathleen Hughes
535:
523:Prose and Verse
459:
422:
344:early Irish law
308:"blue or green"
261:white martyrdom
203:
183:cross of Christ
151:
111:
12:
11:
5:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1545:Cambrai Homily
1541:
1538:Altus Prosator
1533:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1482:Joseph Scottus
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1256:
1255:
1238:
1229:
1213:
1197:
1172:Acta Sanctorum
1061:
1048:
1007:
991:
968:
951:
947:Desert Fathers
924:Ruthwell Cross
915:
907:Saint Cuthbert
892:
848:Philip Freeman
835:
819:
798:
791:
783:Bergin, Osborn
762:
747:Cambrai Homily
734:
702:Book of Armagh
693:
686:
666:
651:
622:, ed. (2005).
611:
590:
588:
585:
584:
583:
576:Cambrai Homily
570:
567:
566:
565:
555:
545:
534:
531:
530:
529:
508:Whitley Stokes
463:Cambrai Homily
458:
455:
443:Cambrai Homily
427:Church Fathers
421:
418:
357:Betha Adamnáin
211:Cambrai Homily
202:
199:
150:
147:
127:orthographical
115:Cambrai Homily
110:
107:
83:Pope Gregory I
19:Cambrai Homily
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1674:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:Cadac-Andreas
1425:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:Saint Patrick
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1359:Gilla Pátraic
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1122:is not woad.
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:Roman Britain
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1068:According to
1065:
1058:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1005:
1001:
995:
989:
985:
981:
977:
972:
965:
961:
955:
948:
944:
943:Vita S. Pauli
940:
939:
933:
929:
925:
919:
913:
909:
908:
902:
896:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
839:
833:
829:
823:
816:
812:
808:
802:
794:
792:1-85500-161-6
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
766:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
738:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
697:
689:
687:9781843832768
683:
679:
678:
670:
662:
655:
647:
635:
627:
626:
621:
615:
607:
606:
601:
595:
591:
581:
577:
573:
572:
563:
562:
556:
554:
550:
546:
544:
540:
537:
536:
528:
527:downloadable.
524:
522:
517:
516:
515:
513:
512:John Strachan
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:
491:
487:
483:
480:
476:
472:
468:
465:appears in a
464:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
417:
415:
411:
407:
404:
400:
399:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
348:hunger strike
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:Red martyrdom
224:
220:
212:
207:
198:
195:
190:
188:
184:
181:We carry the
178:
176:
172:
169:as combining
168:
164:
160:
156:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
106:
104:
100:
98:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:Matthew 16:24
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:
1605:Stowe Missal
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1334:Cumméne Fota
1250:
1246:
1241:
1232:
1221:
1216:
1205:
1200:
1192:
1184:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1103:
1087:
1079:
1073:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
999:
994:
983:
979:
975:
971:
963:
959:
954:
945:). See also
942:
935:
927:
918:
904:
900:
895:
887:
875:
867:
855:
851:
838:
827:
822:
810:
805:
801:
774:
765:
754:
746:
742:
737:
696:
676:
669:
660:
654:
624:
620:James Carney
614:
604:
594:
579:
575:
558:
548:
538:
518:
493:
462:
460:
442:
423:
413:
409:
396:
392:
386:
377:
355:
351:
339:
337:
332:
324:
321:Suibne Geilt
316:
311:
303:
299:
291:
283:
279:
255:
249:" until the
239:Roman Empire
216:
210:
192:
180:
177:for others:
152:
142:
114:
112:
96:
78:
72:
18:
17:
15:
1583:Manuscripts
1148:Old English
884:D.A. Binchy
844:St. Patrick
642:|work=
479:Carolingian
451:florilegium
435:penitential
406:florilegium
389:Irish triad
382:hagiography
374:D.A. Binchy
366:River Boyne
362:St. Adomnán
137:not with a
121:'s classic
46:passage in
1646:Categories
1452:Columbanus
1329:CĂş Chuimne
1036:Hyacinthus
1032:hyacinthus
718:commentary
587:References
467:manuscript
300:dercmartre
292:glasmartre
288:pilgrimage
272:asceticism
257:St. Jerome
175:compassion
135:manuscript
131:long vowel
32:vernacular
1420:continent
1394:Palladius
1324:Cogitosus
1108:Tattooing
1028:iacinthus
966:, p. 315.
773:(2003) .
644:ignored (
634:cite book
431:canonical
410:Prebiarum
317:De arreis
280:bánmartre
167:penitence
159:disciples
56:patristic
48:Old Irish
1617:See also
1432:Cellanus
1409:TĂrechán
1374:Máel Dub
1167:electrum
1163:electrum
1042:6.231,"
1002:, p. 54
936:Life of
817:and 147.
726:Priscian
504:exemplar
457:The text
403:didactic
235:hegemony
1507:Tuotilo
1309:Ailerán
1304:Adomnán
1297:Authors
1226:online.
1210:online.
1189:online.
1155:glaesum
1120:glastum
1100:Britons
1088:glaston
1080:glastum
1078:22.2),
1044:Phoenix
1040:Odyssey
1004:online.
988:online.
932:online.
912:online.
880:online.
832:online.
759:online.
720:to the
712:on the
553:online.
543:online.
521:Scholia
469:of the
378:trocsad
352:trocsad
296:fasting
276:Gregory
268:hermits
237:in the
187:fasting
157:to his
123:grammar
1467:Dungal
1457:Dicuil
1418:On the
1134:vitrum
1124:Caesar
1086:word (
1082:was a
1020:passim
962:Lives
926:," in
903:Lives
872:online
860:online
856:passim
815:online
789:
728:. See
722:Psalms
684:
482:scribe
265:desert
243:druids
194:Christ
101:, and
64:triads
36:Church
24:homily
1530:Texts
1159:amber
1144:glass
1070:Pliny
807:mente
490:Arras
447:tract
173:with
163:cross
155:Jesus
103:white
52:Bible
44:prose
40:Latin
1193:glas
1151:glæs
1139:glas
1096:woad
1024:glas
787:ISBN
682:ISBN
646:help
580:Ériu
510:and
500:leaf
488:and
475:fos.
461:The
433:and
401:, a
387:The
340:glas
333:glas
325:glas
312:Glas
304:glas
286:or "
113:The
97:glas
54:and
16:The
1157:, "
1114:,"
1092:dye
1030:or
978:vel
960:Two
905:of
901:Two
578:."
91:red
81:by
1648::
1183:,
1175:,
1146:,
866:,
862:;
850:,
781:;
638::
636:}}
632:{{
602:.
453:.
372:.
253:.
225:.
105:.
93:,
1282:e
1275:t
1268:v
1126:(
1072:(
949:.
941:(
795:.
732:.
690:.
648:)
608:.
350:(
99:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.