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how celestial globes demonstrate both the scientific and the artistic talents of those who make them. All forty-eight classical constellations used in
Ptolemy's Almagest are represented on the globe, meaning it could then be used in calculations for astronomy and astrology, such as navigation, time-keeping or determining a horoscope. Artistically, this globe is an insight into thirteenth century Iranian illustration as the thirteenth century was a period when inlaid brass became a premier medium for figural imagery and so the globes from this period are duly exceptional for the detail and clarity of their engraved figures.
20:
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129:. The stars can then be placed in their proper positions and viewed through the globe, so that the view is of the inside of the celestial sphere. However, the proper position from which to view the sphere would be from its centre, but the viewer of a transparent globe must be outside it, far from its centre. Viewing the inside of the sphere from the outside, through its transparent surface, produces serious distortions.
339:. It is encircled by a meridian ring and a horizon ring. The latitude angle of 32° indicates that the globe was made in the Lahore workshop. This specific "workshop claims 21 signed globes—the largest number from a single shop" making this globe a good example of celestial globe production at its peak. The globe itself has been manufactured in one piece, so as to be seamless.
153:" (that the earth orbits the sun and not the other way around) "the stars have been commonly, though perhaps not universally, perceived as though attached to the inside of a hollow sphere enclosing and rotating about the earth". Working under the incorrect assumption that the cosmos was geocentric the second-century Greek astronomer
283:, Spain. Although the imagery on this globe appears to be unrelated to that in al-Sufi's The Book of the Constellations al-Wazzan does seem to have been aware of this work, as all forty-eight of the classical Greek constellations are illustrated on the globe, just as in al-Sufi's treatise, with the stars indicated by circles.
303:
in north-western Iran constructed in 1259 and headed by Nasir al-Dln TusT (d. 1274), the renowned polymath. This particular scientific instrument was made by the son of the renowned scientist Mu'ayyad al-'Urdi al-Dimashqi, Muhammad b. Mu'ayyad al-'Urdl in 1288. This globe is an interesting example of
342:
There are grooves which encircle the surface of the globe that create 12 sections of 30° which pass through the ecliptic poles. While they are no longer used in astronomy today, they are called "ecliptic latitude circles" and help astronomers of the Arabic and Greek worlds find the co-ordinates of a
215:
which probably copies an earlier work of the
Hellenistic era, is holding a celestial globe 65 cm (26 in) in diameter, which for many years was the only known celestial globe from the ancient world. No stars are depicted on the globe, but it shows over 40 classical Greek constellations in
161:
in which "the movements of the planets could be accurately represented by means of techniques involving the use of epicycles, deferents, eccentrics (whereby planetary motion is conceived as circular with respect to a point displaced from Earth), and equants (a device that posits a constant angular
133:
celestial globes that are made with the constellations correctly placed, so they appear as mirror images when directly viewed from outside the globe, are often viewed in a mirror, so the constellations have their familiar appearances. Written material on the globe, e.g., constellation names, is
23:
Celestial globe with clockwork; 1579; partly gilded silver, gilded brass and steel; overall: 27.3 cm × 20.3 cm × 19.1 cm (10.7 in × 8.0 in × 7.5 in), diameter of the globe: 14 cm (5.5 in); from
170:
alike, created celestial globes to "represent in a model the arrangement and movement of the stars". In their most basic form celestial globes represent the stars as if the viewer were looking down upon the sky as a globe that surrounds the earth.
196:. This could indicate that celestial globes were in production throughout antiquity however, without any celestial globes surviving from this time, it is difficult to say for sure. What is known is that in book VIII, chapter 3 of
266:
and globes across the
Islamic world. Similarly, it was "instrumental in displacing the traditional Bedouin constellation imagery and replacing it with the Greek/Ptolemaic system which ultimately came to dominate all astronomy".
620:
40:
Celestial globe; after 1621; paper, brass, oak and stained and light-colored wood; overall: 52.1 cm × 47.3 cm (20.5 in × 18.6 in), diameter of the globe: 34 cm (13 in); from
503:
Lippincott, Kristen (2016). "Reflections on the
Farnese Atlas: Exploring the scientific, literary and pictorial antecedents of the constellations on a Graeco-Roman globe". In Gunzburg, Darrelyn (ed.).
204:
he outlines ideas for the design and production of a celestial globe. This includes some notes on how the globe should be decorated, suggesting ‘the sphere a dark colour resembling the night sky’.
628:
386:
102:, then the star field will appear reversed on the surface of the globe (all the constellations will appear as their mirror images). This is because the view from
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substantial detail. In the 1990s, two smaller celestial globes from antiquity became public: one from brass measuring 11 cm (4.3 in) held by the
258:, designed for accuracy for the year 964, was a "description of the constellations that combines Greek/ Ptolemaic traditions with Arabic/Bedouin ones".
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was an important 10th-century astronomer whose works were instrumental in the
Islamic development of the celestial globe. His book,
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98:" of celestial globes. If the globe is constructed so that the stars are in the positions they actually occupy on the imaginary
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rate of rotation with respect to a point displaced from Earth)". Guided by these ideas astronomers of the Middle Ages,
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as viewed from the outside. For this reason, celestial globes are often produced in mirror image, so that at least the
763:
Carey, Moya (2009). "The Gold and Silver Lining: Shams Al-Dīn Muḥammad B. Mu'Ayyad Al-'Urḍī's Inlaid
Celestial Globe (
299:, was produced at one of the most important centres of astronomy in intellectual history, the Ilkhanid observatory at
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292:
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appear as viewed from earth. This ambiguity is famously evident in the astronomical ceiling of New York City's
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122:, whose inconsistency was deliberately left uncorrected though it was noticed shortly after installation.
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119:
29:
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220:, and one from gilt silver measuring 6.3 cm (2.5 in) privately held by the Kugel family.
324:
254:
621:"National Portrait Gallery claims "Lost" Emperor Portrait is Largest Mughal Painting Ever Seen"
387:"A CELESTIAL GLOBE, MADE BY MUGHAL ASTROLABIST MUHAMMAD SALIH OF THATTA, DATED 1074 AH/1663 AD"
189:
57:
821:
https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/collection-search-results/celestial-globe/204058
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https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/collection-search-results/celestial-globe/218493
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Some modern celestial globes address this problem by making the surface of the globe
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because the positions of these bodies vary relative to those of the stars, but the
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The earliest surviving celestial globe was made between 1080 and 1085 C.E. by
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God is beautiful and loves beauty: the object in
Islamic art and culture
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particular star. Each of the 12 sections corresponds to a house in the
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then served as an important source of star coordinates for makers of
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A 17th-century celestial globe was made by Diya' ad-din
Muhammad in
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Islamicate
Celestial Globes: Their History, Construction, and Use
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inside of the celestial sphere, whereas the celestial globe is
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106:, positioned at the centre of the celestial sphere, is of the
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of the second century BC, the first globe was constructed by
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printed in reverse, so it can easily be read in the mirror.
643:"Jahangir portrait sold for Rs. 10 crore at London auction"
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In the 13th century, a celestial globe, now housed in the
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Type of star chart where the map is arranged on a globe
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https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/193606
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AD 1288) from the
Ilkhanid Observatory at Marāgha".
591:
589:
223:
141:'s 16th-century discovery that the solar system is "
804:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
335:, 1668 (now in Pakistan). It is now housed at the
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832:
188:reported the statements of the Roman astronomer
744:Blair, Sheila S.; Bloom, Jonathan M. (2013).
211:, a 2nd-century AD Roman marble sculpture of
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727:
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454:
444:. Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 148–154.
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507:. Sheffield: Equinox Press. pp. 55–86.
472:"Featuring the First Greek Celestial Globe"
91:, along which the Sun moves, is indicated.
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279:, a well-known astrolabe maker working in
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426:. Macmillan Reference. pp. 532–536.
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239:from a copy of 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi's
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505:The Imagined Sky: Cultural perspectives
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469:
442:Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
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424:In Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd ed
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94:There is an issue regarding the "
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653:. 7 April 2011. Archived from
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1:
796:Savage-Smith, Emilie (1985).
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323:holding a celestial globe by
627:. March 2010. Archived from
422:Borchert, Donald M. (2006).
45:; Metropolitan Museum of Art
7:
391:www.orientalartauctions.com
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337:National Museum of Scotland
316:A detailed portrait of the
293:Mathematisch-Physikalischer
10:
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174:
75:in the sky. They omit the
30:Metropolitan Museum of Art
748:. Yale University Press.
673:National Museums Scotland
571:, pp. 126, 127, 153.
440:Dewald, Jonathan (2004).
277:Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli
372:
260:The Book of Fixed Stars
255:The Book of Fixed Stars
226:The Book of Fixed Stars
112:orthographic projection
56:era Celestial Globe by
846:Navigational equipment
581:Blair & Bloom 2013
569:Blair & Bloom 2013
557:Blair & Bloom 2013
542:Blair & Bloom 2013
530:Blair & Bloom 2013
518:Blair & Bloom 2013
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190:Gaius Sulpicius Gallus
120:Grand Central Terminal
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58:Muhammad Saleh Thattvi
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33:
470:Dekker, Elly (2009).
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250:Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi
234:
52:
39:
22:
625:ArtKnowledgeNews.com
583:, pp. 126, 127.
532:, pp. 125, 153.
610:, pp. 103–104.
544:, pp. 125–126.
520:, pp. 123–155.
242:Book of Fixed Stars
108:gnomonic projection
478:(55/56): 133–152.
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69:apparent positions
62:
47:
34:
728:Savage-Smith 1985
716:Savage-Smith 1985
704:Savage-Smith 1985
692:Savage-Smith 1985
669:"Celestial globe"
657:on 10 April 2011.
455:Savage-Smith 1985
410:Savage-Smith 1985
235:Constellation of
194:Thales of Miletus
184:The Roman writer
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835:Categories
775:: 97–108.
738:References
678:2020-10-15
608:Carey 2009
596:Carey 2009
489:2023-11-19
396:2024-06-18
325:Abul Hasan
264:astrolabes
147:geocentric
139:Copernicus
96:handedness
647:The Hindu
295:Salon in
237:Delphinus
168:Christian
151:geostatic
67:show the
43:Amsterdam
789:25651466
484:23993955
351:See also
321:Jahangir
281:Valencia
202:Almagest
159:Almagest
89:ecliptic
851:Spheres
301:Maragha
297:Dresden
198:Ptolemy
175:History
155:Ptolemy
137:Before
85:planets
71:of the
841:Globes
787:
752:
482:
345:zodiac
333:Lahore
244:, 1125
186:Cicero
164:Muslim
131:Opaque
83:, and
60:c.1663
54:Mughal
26:Vienna
785:JSTOR
480:JSTOR
373:Notes
213:Atlas
104:Earth
73:stars
769:Iran
750:ISBN
207:The
166:and
149:and
81:Moon
777:doi
651:PTI
200:'s
77:Sun
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399:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
