4836:
7493:: "Epiphanius (d. 403) says that when the Emperor Hadrian came to Jerusalem in 130 he found the Temple and the whole city destroyed save for a few houses, among them the one where the Apostles had received the Holy Ghost. This house, says Epiphanius, is "in that part of Sion which was spared when the city was destroyed" – therefore in the "upper part ("De mens. et pond.", cap. xiv). From the time of Cyril of Jerusalem, who speaks of "the upper Church of the Apostles, where the Holy Ghost came down upon them" (Catech., ii, 6; P.G., XXXIII), there are abundant witnesses of the place. A great basilica was built over the spot in the fourth century; the crusaders built another church when the older one had been destroyed by Hakim in 1010. It is the famous Coenaculum or Cenacle – now a Moslem shrine – near the Gate of David, and supposed to be David's tomb (Nebi Daud).";
7864:: "An important seaport of Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile. It was founded by Alexander the Great to replace the small borough called Racondah or Rakhotis, 331 B.C. The Ptolemies, Alexander's successors on the throne of Egypt, soon made it the intellectual and commercial metropolis of the world. Cæsar who visited it 46 B.C. left it to Queen Cleopatra, but when Octavius went there in 30 B.C. he transformed the Egyptian kingdom into a Roman province. Alexandria continued prosperous under the Roman rule but declined a little under that of Constantinople. ... Christianity was brought to Alexandria by the Evangelist
8431:"Patriarch (ecclesiastical). A title dating from the 6th cent., for the bishops of the five chief sees of Christendom ... Their jurisdiction extended over the adjoining territories ... The earliest bishops exercising such powers, though not so named, were those of Rome (over the whole or part of Italy, Alexandria (over Egypt and Libya), and Antioch (over large parts of Asia Minor))" . "Nobody can maintain that the bishops of Antioch and Alexandria were called patriarchs then, or that the jurisdiction they had then was co-extensive with what they had afterward, when they were so called" (ffoulkes,
3906:
5192:. The vicissitudes of its later growth were rooted in its minority status in a situation of international tension. The rulers of the Parthian Empire (250 BC – AD 226) were on the whole tolerant in spirit, and with the older faiths of Babylonia and Assyria in a state of decay, the time was ripe for a new and vital faith. The rulers of the Second Persian empire (226–640) also followed a policy of religious toleration to begin with, though later they gave Christians the same status as a subject race. However, these rulers also encouraged the revival of the ancient Persian dualistic faith of
36:
2063:
2703:
4179:
1346:
8403:: Letter to Pope Hadrian: "Therefore, O most holy Head (Caput)", "And after this, may there be no further schism and separation in the one holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, of which Christ our true God is the Head."; Pope Hadrian's letter: "the holy Catholic and Apostolic Roman Church your spiritual mother ... the head of all Churches"; Canon IV: "For Peter the supreme head (ἡ κερυφαία ἀκρότης) of the Apostles"; Letter to the Emperor and Empress: "Christ our God (who is the head of the Church)".
4077:
2903:
2521:
113:
3112:
1893:
1008:
3767:
1753:
12480:
5336:, since this was an important point on the east–west trade routes which extended to India and China, Java and Japan. Thus the shift of ecclesiastical authority was away from Edessa, which in AD 216 had become tributary to Rome. the establishment of an independent patriarchate with nine subordinate metropoli contributed to a more favourable attitude by the Persian government, which no longer had to fear an ecclesiastical alliance with the common enemy, Rome.
5332:. The twenty bishops and many presbyters were more of the order of itinerant missionaries, passing from place to place as Paul did and supplying their needs with such occupations as merchant or craftsman. By AD 280 the metropolis of Seleucia assumed the title of "Catholicos" and in AD 424 a council of the church at Seleucia elected the first patriarch to have jurisdiction over the whole church of the East. The seat of the Patriarchate was fixed at
745:
3291:
5013:
12469:
7934:: Spread of Christianity in Asia Minor: "Asia Minor was certainly the first part of the Roman world to accept as a whole the principles and the spirit of the Christian religion, and it was not unnatural that the warmth of its conviction should eventually fire the neighbouring Armenia and make it, early in the fourth century, the first of the ancient states formally to accept the religion of Christ (Eusebius, Hist. Eccl., IX, viii, 2)."
4355:
1546:
5393:". By this time, neither Edessa nor Arbela was the centre of the Church of the East anymore; ecclesiastical authority had moved east to the heart of the Persian Empire. The twin cities of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, well-situated on the main trade routes between East and West, became, in the words of John Stewart, "a magnificent centre for the missionary church that was entering on its great task of carrying the gospel to the far east".
4503:
7835:"Their jurisdiction extended over the adjoining territories ... The earliest bishops exercising such powers... were those of Rome (over the whole or part of Italy), Alexandria (over Egypt and Libya), and Antioch (over large parts of Asia Minor). These three were recognized by the Council of Nicaea (325)." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005, article
5421:
several years, imposed a double tax on his
Christian subjects to finance the conflict. Shemon, however, refused to pay the double tax. Shapur started pressuring Shemon and his clergy to convert to Zoroastrianism, which they refused to do. It was during this period the 'cycle of the martyrs' began during which 'many thousands of Christians' were put to death. During the following years, Shemon's successors,
1761:
4960:
7888:: "...this was the second main object of the first ecumenical council in 325. The result of the transactions on this point, the particulars of which are not known to us, does not appear in the canons (probably out of consideration for the numerous Quartodecimanians), but is doubtless preserved in the two circular letters of the council itself and the emperor Constantine. "
2136:, and Sabbath observance) gave rise to various answers. Some Christians demanded full observance of the Torah and required Gentile converts to become Jews. Others, such as Paul, believed that the Torah was no longer binding because of Jesus' death and resurrection. In the middle were Christians who believed Gentiles should follow some of the Torah but not all of it.
1235:. The Sadducees were mainly Jerusalem aristocrats intent on maintaining control over Jewish politics and religion. Sadducee religion was focused on the Temple and its rituals. The Pharisees emphasized personal piety and interpreted the Torah in ways that provided religious guidance for daily life. Unlike Sadducees, the Pharisees believed in the
8289:.2: the "...Church founded and organized at Rome by the two most glorious apostles, Peter and Paul; as also the faith preached to men, which comes down to our time by means of the successions of the bishops. ...The blessed apostles, then, having founded and built up the Church, committed into the hands of Linus the office of the episcopate."
8304:... Church founded and organized at Rome by the two most glorious apostles, Peter and Paul; as also the faith preached to men, which comes down to our time by means of the successions of the bishops. ...The blessed apostles, then, having founded and built up the Church, committed into the hands of Linus the office of the episcopate.
7767:: "we decree that the see of Constantinople shall have equal privileges with the see of Old Rome, and shall be highly regarded in ecclesiastical matters as that is, and shall be second after it. After Constantinople shall be ranked the See of Alexandria, then that of Antioch, and afterwards the See of Jerusalem."
8365:"In the life of Peter there is no starting point for a chain of succession to the leadership of the church at large." While Cullman believed the Matthew 16:18 text is entirely valid and is in no way spurious, he says it cannot be used as "warrant of the papal succession."— "Religion: Peter & the Rock."
9019:
We are
Christians by the one name of the Messiah. As regards our customs our brethren abstain from everything that is contrary to their profession.... Parthian Christians do not take two wives.... Our Bactrian sisters do not practice promiscuity with strangers. Persians do not take their daughters to
7700:
should be honoured, let him, saving its due dignity to the
Metropolis, have the next place of honour."; "It is very hard to determine just what was the "precedence" granted to the Bishop of Aelia, nor is it clear which is the metropolis referred to in the last clause. Most writers, including Hefele,
5484:
nomads of the interior, who were chiefly herdsmen and unreceptive to foreign control, and the inhabitants of the settled communities of the coastal areas and oases, who were either middlemen traders or farmers and were receptive to influences from abroad. Christianity apparently gained its strongest
1619:
Whether through some mass delusion, some colossal act of wishful thinking, or through witness to a power or force beyond any definition known to
Western historical analysis, those who had known Jesus in life and had felt the shattering disappointment of his death proclaimed that he lived still, that
8382:
Cullman, Oscar "In the New
Testament is the only church of which we hear that Peter stood at its head. Of other episcopates of Peter we know nothing certain. Concerning Antioch, indeed ... there is a tradition, first appearing in the course of the second century, according to which Peter was its
5444:
The number of men and women whose names have been ascertained, and who were martyred at this period, has been computed to be upwards of sixteen thousand, while the multitude of martyrs whose names are unknown was so great that the
Persians, the Syrians, and the inhabitants of Edessa, have failed in
5420:
caused Shapur to start distrusting his
Christian subjects. He started seeing them as agents of a foreign enemy. The wars between the Sasanian and Roman empires turned Shapur's mistrust into hostility. After the death of Constantine, Shapur II, who had been preparing for a war against the Romans for
8350:
the founder of the church of Rome in that sense). There is no serious proof that he was the bishop (or local ecclesiastical officer) of the Roman church—a claim not made till the third century. Most likely he did not spend any major time at Rome before 58 when Paul wrote to the Romans, and so it
1328:
In the Second Temple period, there was no consensus on who the messiah would be or what he would do. Most commonly, he was imagined to be an end times son of David going about the business of "executing judgment, defeating the enemies of God, reigning over a restored Israel, establishing unending
5196:
and established it as the state religion, with the result that the
Christians were increasingly subjected to repressive measures. Nevertheless, it was not until Christianity became the state religion in the West (380) that enmity toward Rome was focused on the Eastern Christians. After the Muslim
4849:
It is accepted that
Armenia became the first country to adopt Christianity as its state religion. Although it has long been claimed that Armenia was the first Christian kingdom, according to some scholars this has relied on a source by Agathangelos titled "The History of the Armenians", which has
2413:
Romans had a negative perception of early
Christians. The Roman historian Tacitus wrote that Christians were despised for their "abominations" and "hatred of humankind". The belief that Christians hated humankind could refer to their refusal to participate in social activities connected to pagan
5107:
and its tributaries and along the coast. He preached to all classes of people and had about 170 converts, including members of the four principal castes. Later, stone crosses were erected at the places where churches were founded, and they became pilgrimage centres. In accordance with apostolic
5283:
A Christian council was held at Edessa as early as 197. In 201 the city was devastated by a great flood, and the Christian church was destroyed. In 232, the Syriac Acts were written supposedly on the event of the relics of the Apostle Thomas being handed to the church in Edessa. Under Roman
2306:
The Council of Jerusalem did not end the dispute, however. There are indications that James still believed the Torah was binding on Jewish Christians. Galatians 2:11-14 describe "people from James" causing Peter and other Jewish Christians in Antioch to break table fellowship with Gentiles.
5135:, after questioning the Apostle condemned him to death about the year AD 72. Anxious to avoid popular excitement, the King ordered Thomas conducted to a nearby mountain, where, after being allowed to pray, he was then stoned and stabbed to death with a lance wielded by an angry Brahmin.
1868:). Commerce and trade also played a role in Christianity's spread as Christian merchants traveled for business. Christianity appealed to marginalized groups (women, slaves) with its message that "in Christ there is neither Jew nor Greek, neither male nor female, neither slave nor free" (
7946:: "As the rank of the various sees among themselves was gradually arranged according to the divisions of the empire, Caesarea became the metropolitan see; the Bishop of Ælia was merely one of its suffragans. The bishops from the siege under Hadrian (135) to Constantine (312) were:".
4565:
in 90 AD, where he was martyred in 125 AD. There is scant information about the continuity of Christianity in Malta in subsequent years, although tradition has it that there was a continuous line of bishops from the days of St. Paul to the time of Emperor Constantine.
5061:, Thomas was at first reluctant to accept this mission, but the Lord appeared to him in a night vision and compelled him to accompany an Indian merchant, Abbanes (or Habban), to his native place in northwest India. There, Thomas found himself in the service of the
3871:
However, Irenaeus does not say that either Peter or Paul was "bishop" of the Church in Rome and several historians have questioned whether Peter spent much time in Rome before his martyrdom. While the church in Rome was already flourishing when Paul wrote his
5639:
had taken Egypt. After several failed invasions the new rulers agreed to a treaty with Dongola allowing for peaceful coexistence and trade. This treaty held for six hundred years allowing Arab traders introducing Islam to Nubia and it gradually supplanted
8618:: "Through a misinterpretation of Acts 27:13, St. Paul was said to have preached the Gospel there, and to have consecrated his companion, St. Stephen, bishop; it is probable, however, that it was evangelized at an early period. The first bishop known is
9020:
wife. Medes do not desert their dying relations or bury them alive. Christians in Edessa do not kill their wives or sisters who commit fornication but keep them apart and commit them to the judgement of God. Christians in Hatra do not stone thieves.
6922:("making themselves foreskins"; I Macc. i. 15; Josephus, "Ant." xii. 5, § 1; Assumptio Mosis, viii.; I Cor. vii. 18; Tosef., Shab. xv. 9; Yeb. 72a, b; Yer. Peah i. 16b; Yeb. viii. 9a). All the more did the law-observing Jews defy the edict of
4853:
After becoming a Christianized nation, Armenia's former divine figure, Hayk, was labeled as "one of the giants" which brought down the divine status. Other originally known gods, such as Vahagn or Angegh, also had a change in status to kings.
5161:-speaking Christianity. it was the capital of an independent kingdom from 132 BC to AD 216, when it became tributary to Rome. Celebrated as an important centre of Greco-Syrian culture, Edessa was also noted for its Jewish community, with
1814:
According to the New Testament, Paul the apostle established Christian communities throughout the Mediterranean world. He is known to have also spent some time in Arabia. After preaching in Syria, he turned his attention to the cities of
5228:
sent Addai (or Thaddaeus), to the king, with the result that the city was won to the Christian faith. In this mission he was accompanied by a disciple, Mari, and the two are regarded as co-founders of the church, according to the
8387:
of Rome, and at this time, which is indeed rather late, this foundation is traced back to Peter and Paul, an assertion that cannot be supported historically. Even here, however, nothing is said as yet of an episcopal office of
2426:, like Jews. Nonetheless, Romans were more lenient to Jews compared to Gentile Christians. Some anti-Christian Romans further distinguished between Jews and Christians by claiming that Christianity was "apostasy" from Judaism.
6577:: "Then we lose sight of James till St. Paul, three years after his conversion (A.D. 37), went up to Jerusalem. ... On the same occasion, the "pillars" of the Church, James, Peter, and John "gave to me (Paul) and Barnabas the
3884:, about 60–62. Most likely he did not spend any major time at Rome before 58 when Paul wrote to the Romans, and so it may have been only in the 60s and relatively shortly before his martyrdom that Peter came to the capital.
4692:
in 313, Evodius became the bishop of Seville and undertook the task of rebuilding the churches that had been damaged. It is believed that he may have constructed the church of San Vicente, which could have been the first
1879:
estimated that by AD 100 there were around 7,000 Christians (about 0.01 percent of the Roman Empire's population of 60 million). Separate Christian groups maintained contact with each other through letters, visits from
1872:). Christians also provided social services to the poor, sick, and widows. Women actively contributed to the Christian faith as disciples, missionaries, and more due to the large acceptance early Christianity offered.
2323:. While Jewish Christianity would remain important through the next few centuries, it would ultimately be pushed to the margins as Gentile Christianity became dominant. Jewish Christianity was also opposed by early
2315:). Joel Marcus, professor of Christian origins, suggests that Peter's position may have lain somewhere between James and Paul, but that he probably leaned more toward James. This is the start of a split between
4687:
were martyred in 303 for refusing to worship the idol Salambo. Prior to Sabinus, Marcellus is listed as a bishop of Seville in an ancient catalogue of prelates preserved in the "Codex Emilianensis". After the
6917:
Contact with Grecian life, especially at the games of the arena , made this distinction obnoxious to the Hellenists, or antinationalists; and the consequence was their attempt to appear like the Greeks by
2239:, as the author of Acts relates, but other important matters arose as well, as the Apostolic Decree indicates. The dispute was between those, such as the followers of the "Pillars of the Church", led by
5173:, where the mission to the Gentiles was inaugurated. When early Christians were scattered abroad because of persecution, some found refuge at Edessa. Thus the Edessan church traced its origin to the
7987:"Philippi was the first European town in which St. Paul preached the Faith. He arrived there with Silas, Timothy, and Luke about the end of 52 A.D., on the occasion of his second Apostolic voyage."
10657:
1223:
The Maccabean Revolt caused Judaism to divide into competing sects with different theological and political goals, each adopting different stances towards Hellenization. The main sects were the
8885:
there is no doubt that even before 190 A.D. Christianity had spread vigorously within Edessa and its surroundings and that (shortly after 201 or even earlier?) the royal house joined the church
3523:, when he arrived at Athens, he immediately sent for Silas and Timotheos who had stayed behind in Berœa. While waiting for them, Paul explored Athens and visited the synagogue, as there was a
3997:(189–198) was the first ecclesiastical writer known to have written in Latin; however, his only extant works are his encyclicals, which would naturally have been issued in Latin and Greek.
631:
4034:
The Roman church survived various persecutions. Among the prominent Christians executed as a result of their refusal to perform acts of worship to the Roman gods as ordered by emperor
2255:, who called himself "Apostle to the Gentiles", who believed there was no such necessity. The main concern for the Apostle Paul, which he subsequently expressed in greater detail with
6969:
portrays the foreskin, often drawn in meticulous detail, as an emblem of male beauty; and children with congenitally short foreskins were sometimes subjected to a treatment, known as
6926:
prohibiting circumcision (I Macc. i. 48, 60; ii. 46); and the Jewish women showed their loyalty to the Law, even at the risk of their lives, by themselves circumcising their sons.
4671:
or the Roman province of southern Spain. The origin of the diocese of Seville can be traced back to Apostolic times, or at least to the first century AD. Gerontius, the bishop of
4127:
5044:(modern Iran) and India. By the time of the establishment of the Second Persian Empire (AD 226), there were bishops of the Church of the East in northwest India, Afghanistan and
10365:
8383:
bishop. The assertion that he was Bishop of Rome we first find at a much later time. From the second half of the second century we do possess texts that mention the apostolic
5857:
The story of how this tiny community of believers spread to many cities of the Roman Empire within less than a century is indeed a remarkable chapter in the history of humanity.
3489:
was written around 56 as a fourth letter discussing his proposed plans for the future, instructions, unity, and his defense of apostolic authority. The earliest evidence of the
1580:
5826:
By the year 100, more than 40 Christian communities existed in cities around the Mediterranean, including two in North Africa, at Alexandria and Cyrene, and several in Italy.
5576:
Then the Angel of the Lord said to Philip, Start out and go south to the road that leads down from Jerusalem to Gaza, which is desert. And he arose and went: And behold, a
5504:
The presence of Arabians at Pentecost and Paul's three-year sojourn in Arabia suggest a very early gospel witness. A 4th-century church history, states that the apostle
4722:
2864:
is probably its most known author. It produced superior scripture and notable church fathers, such as Clement, Origen, and Athanasius; also noteworthy were the nearby
11680:
11010:
10159:
1620:
he loved them still, and that he was to return to earth from the Heaven which he had now entered, to love and save from destruction all who acknowledged him as Lord.
1858:
Social and professional networks played an important part in spreading the religion as members invited interested outsiders to secret Christian assemblies (Greek:
4970:
3891:
3929:
The original seat of Roman imperial power soon became a center of church authority, grew in power decade by decade, and was recognized during the period of the
11223:
6667:"The Ideal Prepuce in Ancient Greece and Rome: Male Genital Aesthetics and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme"
5355:, had taken on more and more the role that Edessa had played in the early years, as a centre from which Christianity spread to the rest of the Persian Empire.
1992:
meal. Initially, Christians kept the Jewish custom of fasting on Mondays and Thursdays. Later, the Christian fast days shifted to Wednesdays and Fridays (see
11715:
4835:
2610:
5440:, contains considerable detail on the Persian Christians martyred under Shapur II. Sozomen estimates the total number of Christians killed as follows:
8195:
9629:
5083:
Piecing together the various traditions, the story suggests that Thomas left northwest India when invasion threatened, and traveled by vessel to the
3342:), he is described as being led by those he was traveling with, blinded by the light, to Damascus where his sight was restored by a disciple called
12529:
7868:. It was made illustrious by a lineage of learned doctors such as Pantænus, Clement of Alexandria, and Origen; it has been governed by a series of
5627:
priest named Julian converted the king and his nobles of Nobatia around 545 and another kingdom of Alodia converted around 569. By the 7th century
8731:
Hewson, Robert H. (1975). ""The Primary History of Armenia": An Examination of the Validity of an Immemorially Transmitted Historical Tradition".
8657:
Hewson, Robert H. (1975). ""The Primary History of Armenia": An Examination of the Validity of an Immemorially Transmitted Historical Tradition".
8112:
3876:
to them from Corinth (c. 58) he attests to a large Christian community already there and greets some fifty people in Rome by name, but not Peter,
7400:
Thiessen, Matthew (September 2014). Breytenbach, Cilliers; Thom, Johan (eds.). "Paul's Argument against Gentile Circumcision in Romans 2:17-29".
621:
7060:
Bockmuehl, Markus (January 1995). "The Noachide Commandments and New Testament Ethics: with Special Reference to Acts 15 and Pauline Halakhah".
4981:
10375:
10122:
8370:
2181:
775:
5280:
as a continuous narrative, whose original language may have been Syriac, Greek, or even Latin, circulated widely in Syriac-speaking Churches.
12183:
11306:
9934:
3842:
2586:
2369:. The city, including the Jewish Temple, was destroyed and the population was mostly killed or removed. According to a tradition recorded by
4337:(born c. 330) who was bishop in 374–397 and one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century. Duchesne argues that the
3527:. A Christian community was quickly established in Athens, although it may not have been large initially. A common tradition identifies the
3326:
and claims to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. According to the New Testament, the Apostle Paul was converted on the
3282:
to renounce his old religion in favour of Christianity. Barnabas is traditionally identified as the founder of the Cypriot Orthodox Church.
2570:, but Christians refused to acknowledge him as such. When Bar Kokhba was defeated, Hadrian barred Jews from the city, except for the day of
10642:
1651:
While they do not provide new information, non-Christian sources do confirm certain information found in the gospels. The Jewish historian
8126:
1595:
which served to authenticate his message and reveal a foretaste of the coming kingdom. The gospel accounts conclude with a description of
11106:
9601:
4472:, preceded only by Antioch. Paul also preached in Syracuse. Historical evidence from the middle of the third century, during the time of
3044:
5584:
of great authority under Candace, Queen of E-thi-o'pi-ans, who had the charge of all her treasure, and had come to Jerusalem to worship.
2050:. The church had returned to Jerusalem by AD 135, but the disruptions severely weakened the Jerusalem church's influence over the wider
12139:
10679:
9783:
1057:, who served as an intermediary between the Jewish people and the empire. This arrangement continued after the region was conquered by
1002:
5197:
conquest in the 7th century, the caliphate tolerated other faiths but forbade proselytism and subjected Christians to heavy taxation.
4561:
following his conversion to Christianity. After ruling the Maltese Church for thirty-one years, Publius was transferred to the See of
1239:
and an afterlife. The Essenes rejected Temple worship, which they believed was defiled by wicked priests. They were part of a broader
11690:
9985:
8210:
Historians debate whether or not the Roman government distinguished between Christians and Jews prior to Nerva's modification of the
5224:
communicated to Jesus, requesting he come and heal him, to which appeal he received a reply. It is said that after the resurrection,
11642:
11594:
11151:
11101:
10408:
10021:
6519:
5065:
King, Gondophares. The Apostle's ministry resulted in many conversions throughout the kingdom, including the king and his brother.
3198:
5103:
in 52. From there he preached the gospel throughout the Malabar Coast. The various churches he founded were located mainly on the
1777:
After the death of Jesus, his followers established Christian groups in cities, such as Jerusalem. The movement quickly spread to
1382:. Jesus left no writings of his own, and most information about him comes from early Christian writings that now form part of the
903:
10413:
8342:
As for Peter, we have no knowledge at all of when he came to Rome and what he did there before he was martyred. Certainly he was
7510:
4818:
4419:
3797:
3418:
824:
5119:(earlier Madras), where a local king and many people were converted. One tradition related that he went from there to China via
1302:
11572:
11562:
11326:
11258:
11126:
10370:
10278:
10009:
9929:
9877:
9675:
8573:
Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern Influences on Rome and the Papacy from Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590-752
5666:
4391:
2347:
2224:. However, modern scholars dispute the connection between Acts 15 and the seven Noahide laws. In roughly the same time period,
731:
678:
8692:
2767:. It was the site of an early church traditionally said to be founded by Peter; later traditions also attributed the role of
12151:
9887:
9622:
9572:
9557:
9543:
9528:
9495:
9459:
9437:
9403:
9379:
9344:
9320:
9243:
9219:
9195:
9172:
9151:
9125:
9101:
9055:
8641:
8585:
8480:
8271:
8247:
8235:
8223:
8155:
8037:
7916:
7820:
7629:
7551:
7308:
7261:
7199:
7132:
7032:
6863:
6646:
6426:
6349:
5850:
5819:
5676:
5108:
custom, Thomas ordained teachers and leaders or elders, who were reported to be the earliest ministry of the Malabar church.
3707:, was a Greek colony in North Africa later converted to a Roman province. In addition to Greeks and Romans, there was also a
2888:). Some postulate, however, that Alexandria was not only a center of Christianity, but was also a center for Christian-based
2343:
1970:
5123:
in Malaysia, and after spending some time there, returned to the Chennai area. Apparently his renewed ministry outraged the
12276:
10664:
7705:; while Zonaras thinks Jerusalem to be intended, a view recently adopted and defended by Fuchs; others again suppose it is
6510:
15. On the flight to Pella see: Jonathan Bourgel, "'The Jewish Christians' Move from Jerusalem as a pragmatic choice", in:
5749:
5681:
3278:. According to Acts, the apostles were persecuted by the Romans but eventually succeeded in convincing the Roman commander
2759:, it is said that it was at Antioch where followers of Jesus were first called Christians; it was also the location of the
653:
4398:
2658:(attributed to Hadrian) that had been built over the site. Jerusalem had received special recognition in Canon VII of the
12314:
10859:
6674:
4372:
3056:
616:
5146:, which was held by Rome from 116 to 118 and 212 to 214, but was mostly a client kingdom associated either with Rome or
2783:
was its third bishop. The School of Antioch, founded in 270, was one of two major centers of early church learning. The
2691:
10457:
10360:
8997:
8965:
7847:
6792:
6578:
4183:
1360:
768:
7678:
The Emperor's Mother Helena having come to Jerusalem, searches for and finds the Cross of Christ, and builds a Church.
3555:
also wrote apologies during this time. By the second century, Athens likely had a significant Christian community, as
12524:
12519:
12514:
12509:
12200:
11299:
11096:
6313:
5691:
5057:
connects the apostle's Indian ministry with two kings, one in the north and the other in the south. According to the
4999:
4438:
3482:
2948:
2816:
2663:
2430:, for example, considered Jewish Christians to be hypocrites for claiming that they embraced their Jewish heritage.
2172:, this meeting (among other things) confirmed the legitimacy of the evangelizing mission of Barnabas and Paul to the
915:
79:
57:
17:
8415:
5127:, who were fearful lest Christianity undermine their social caste system. So according to the Syriac version of the
5048:(including parts of Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan), with laymen and clergy alike engaging in missionary activity.
4405:
3481:
from Ephesus approximately in 54-55 which focused on sexual immorality, divorces, lawsuits, and resurrections. The
3435:, Paul said he intended to go there. It is possible that there were some Christians in its population. According to
50:
12444:
10874:
10773:
10232:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9615:
8717:
6801:
4924:, gained its autocephaly and developed its doctrinal specificity progressively between the 5th and 10th centuries.
3535:. The succeeding bishops were not all of Athenian descent: Narkissos was believed to have come from Palestine, and
3478:
3019:
was home to Polycarp, the bishop who reportedly knew the Apostle John personally, and probably also to his student
3003:
mentioned three times in the New Testament. Inhabitants of Pontus were some of the first converts to Christianity.
2096:
likely held leadership positions in the surrounding area after the destruction of the city until its rebuilding as
1260:
688:
7776:
Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005, article
11711:
11609:
11577:
10959:
10689:
10428:
10385:
10268:
10258:
10068:
10031:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9670:
5671:
4843:
3846:
3096:
2003:
James was killed on the order of the high priest in AD 62. He was succeeded as leader of the Jerusalem church by
1727:
950:
423:
5381:(c. 160–230), there were already a number of bishoprics within the Persian Empire by 220. By 315, the bishop of
4166:" and "the founder of Western theology." Carthage remained an important center of Christianity, hosting several
1247:
were at hand when God would restore Israel. Roman rule exacerbated these religious tensions and led the radical
12403:
11652:
11567:
11273:
11241:
11068:
10987:
10418:
10188:
10104:
9995:
9265:
7613:
7362:
7353:
6683:
5477:
4387:
4376:
3064:
2824:
1988:
and continued to worship at the Temple. In commemoration of Jesus' resurrection, they gathered on Sunday for a
1732:
The decades after the crucifixion of Jesus are known as the Apostolic Age because the Disciples (also known as
626:
571:
11370:
1329:
peace". Yet, there were other kinds of messianic figures proposed as well—the perfect priest or the celestial
12210:
11532:
11263:
11253:
11017:
10674:
10472:
10442:
10283:
10134:
10087:
9825:
9585:
9238:. Vol. 1 The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation (revised and updated ed.). HarperCollins.
5661:
3657:
3524:
3206:
2260:
1733:
1475:
1471:
875:
761:
332:
286:
254:
5520:
was built in the 4th century. Arabia's close relations with Ethiopia give significance to the conversion of
3124:
1482:
a future when God actively rules over the world in justice, mercy, and peace). Jesus urged his followers to
12215:
11292:
10452:
8192:
5524:
to the queen of Ethiopia, not to mention the tradition that the Apostle Matthew was assigned to this land.
4806:
4517:
According to Acts, Paul was shipwrecked and ministered on an island which some scholars have identified as
3708:
2857:
2555:
2525:
2300:
9596:
2755:, as well as a key locus of trade that made it the third-most important city of the Roman Empire. In the
12504:
12286:
12067:
11929:
10816:
10462:
10447:
10433:
10340:
10330:
9820:
9135:
8351:
may have been only in the 60s and relatively shortly before his martyrdom that Peter came to the capital.
8238:, pp. 33–34.; Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro & Gargola, Daniel J & Talbert, Richard John Alexander,
8023:
6308:
5766:
5189:
3048:
3004:
1789:
and one of the most important cities in the empire. Early Christians referred to themselves as brethren,
1306:
561:
264:
9452:
The First One Hundred Years of Christianity: An Introduction to Its History, Literature, and Development
5150:, was an important Christian city. Shortly after 201 or even earlier, its royal house became Christian.
4679:(Seville), likely appointed a pastor for Seville. A bishop of Seville named Sabinus participated in the
3511:, the capital and largest city in Greece, was visited by Paul. He probably traveled by sea, arriving at
2070:
12396:
12358:
11845:
10467:
10335:
10139:
7494:
5761:
4584:
4525:) for three months during which time he is said to have been bitten by a poisonous viper and survived (
3532:
3486:
2988:
2877:
2872:. The Council of Nicaea in canon VI affirmed Alexandria's traditional authority over Egypt, Libya, and
2641:
2606:
2575:
2515:
2366:
2016:
2008:
1483:
1213:
883:
7723:
7718:
5631:
expanded becoming the dominant power in the region so strong enough to halt the southern expansion of
3027:
is also believed to have been a student of John the Apostle. In the 2nd century, Anatolia was home to
2980:
2445:
at this time. Nero was deposed in AD 68, and the persecution of Christians ceased. Under the emperors
12439:
12429:
12391:
12146:
11956:
11924:
11878:
11855:
11246:
10729:
10193:
10083:
8942:
8917:
8009:
6582:
5231:
5029:
4862:
4639:
4635:
4526:
4456:
4015:
During the 2nd century, Christians and semi-Christians of diverse views congregated in Rome, notably
3930:
3700:
3274:
was "a native of Cyprus", came to Cyprus and reached Paphos preaching the message of Jesus, see also
2582:
2511:
2276:
2236:
1939:
1925:
1917:
1707:
1629:
1588:
1134:
658:
611:
601:
456:
296:
259:
9070:
8556:
4530:
3339:
3335:
3275:
12419:
12324:
12319:
12134:
12099:
12025:
11981:
11976:
11773:
11599:
11444:
11341:
11336:
11268:
11236:
11131:
10811:
10624:
10117:
10053:
9214:. Vol. 1: From the Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon (revised ed.). Abingdon Press.
8147:
6895:
5604:
4945:
4917:
4870:
4631:
4115:
4107:
4047:
3960:
3528:
3502:
3494:
3331:
3303:
3230:
2764:
2715:
2541:
1236:
726:
673:
44:
10652:
8529:
7996:
7788:
7582:
at the time of the First Council of Nicaea, which marks the end of the Early Christianity period (
6534:
P. H. R. van Houwelingen, "Fleeing forward: The departure of Christians from Jerusalem to Pella",
4974:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
3815:
3736:
3716:
3446:
1542:
by this time) to symbolize the full restoration of Israel that would be accomplished through him.
1184:). Judaism was thereafter both culturally and politically part of the Hellenistic world; however,
112:
12104:
11838:
11743:
11632:
11582:
11439:
11356:
11331:
10539:
10479:
10355:
10237:
10036:
9638:
9591:
8822:
8546:
8471:
8324:
7344:
6630:
6410:
5686:
5309:
5073:
5037:
4949:
4874:
4866:
4760:
4365:
4326:
4088:
3770:
3740:
3728:
3271:
3165:
3157:
3008:
2800:
2776:
2659:
2567:
2415:
2351:
2240:
2121:
2089:
2062:
1955:
1791:
1675:
1657:
1611:. Jesus' victory over death became the central belief of Christianity. In the words of historian
1491:
856:
808:
800:
736:
693:
468:
317:
7908:
7902:
6520:
https://www.academia.edu/4909339/THE_JEWISH_CHRISTIANS_MOVE_FROM_JERUSALEM_AS_A_PRAGMATIC_CHOICE
4412:
3732:
12424:
12015:
11873:
11815:
11706:
11685:
11450:
11199:
11086:
10704:
10325:
10246:
10222:
9654:
8632:
Portella, Mario Alexis; Woldegaber, O. Cist Abba Abraham Buruk (2012). Pringle, Brendan (ed.).
7238:"Part II: Christian Origins and Development – Paul and the Development of Gentile Christianity"
7120:
6618:
5077:
4784:
4607:
4296:
4254:
3899:
3881:
3310:
3160:, considered the first gentile convert. Paul sought refuge there, once staying at the house of
2984:
2972:
2926:
2911:
2748:
2197:
1772:
1608:
1158:
1092:
970:
946:
812:
606:
418:
301:
61:
7760:
7284:
7237:
7171:
6398:
5536:
as a missionary to the nations of the East", including southwest Arabia, on his way to India.
4338:
2880:) and probably granted Alexandria the right to declare a universal date for the observance of
1486:
in preparation for the kingdom's coming. His ethical teachings included loving one's enemies (
12483:
12082:
11808:
11617:
11520:
11475:
11404:
11194:
11136:
11027:
11022:
10900:
10894:
10694:
10242:
10207:
10112:
10026:
9808:
8577:
8571:
7541:
7124:
6855:
6845:
6614:
6394:
6339:
5569:
5184:
The Church of the East had its inception at a very early date in the buffer zone between the
5062:
5017:
4941:
4839:
4723:
History of the Church of England § Roman and Sub-Roman Christianity in the British Isles
4497:
4262:
4143:
3873:
3774:
3685:
3552:
3314:
3202:
3161:
2944:
2853:
2675:
2645:
2374:
2332:
2193:
2125:
2039:
1959:
1840:
1633:
1600:
1584:
1354:
1181:
1054:
1019:
992:
836:
556:
362:
347:
271:
160:
125:
96:
8077:
8053:
4977:
4162:
extensively in his theological writings. As such, Tertullian has been called "the father of
3852:, reflecting the ancient view that the church could not be fully present anywhere without a
2678:, which legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire. Jerusalem was later named as one of the
1938:. The apostles lived and taught there for some time after Pentecost. According to Acts, the
1884:, and the sharing of common texts, some of which were later collected in the New Testament.
12304:
12254:
12239:
12116:
11825:
11725:
11675:
11670:
11627:
11587:
11515:
11184:
11141:
11091:
10879:
10831:
10826:
10801:
10637:
10591:
10494:
10484:
10320:
10313:
10164:
10078:
9850:
9840:
9803:
9413:
9355:
8912:
8436:
7869:
7751:(687–701) refused to sign, and the canons were never fully accepted by the Western Church".
7744:
7728:
6638:
6418:
5045:
4710:
4706:
4694:
4680:
4549:, to stand trial before the Emperor. Many traditions are associated with this episode, and
4480:
provides clear indications of Christian activity in the second century as well. Across the
4196:
4167:
4139:
4135:
4099:
4071:
3811:
3803:
3756:
3531:
as the first bishop of the Christian community in Athens, while another tradition mentions
3458:
3295:
3226:
3024:
2868:. By the end of the era, Alexandria, Rome, and Antioch were accorded authority over nearby
2820:
2731:
2626:
2602:
2500:
2419:
2331:
tried to kill him, James appears as the principal authority of the early Christian church.
2320:
2169:
2165:
1984:
At this early date, Christianity was still a Jewish sect. Christians in Jerusalem kept the
1852:
1848:
1741:
1596:
1038:
996:
921:
Many early Christians were merchants and others who had practical reasons for traveling to
887:
382:
155:
9229:
9205:
8214:
in 96. From then on, practising Jews paid the tax, Christians did not. Wylen, Stephen M.,
7671:
4861:
in 301, when it was still illegal in the Roman Empire. According to church tradition, the
3905:
3497:
written to the Corinthian church, dated around 96. The bishops in Corinth include Apollo,
2528:
based on a German documentary. The church is claimed to be at the site of Calvary and the
8:
12473:
12449:
12434:
12353:
12343:
12329:
12309:
12299:
12269:
12249:
12178:
11909:
11738:
11665:
11495:
11424:
11351:
11208:
11189:
10929:
10924:
10851:
10569:
10544:
10423:
10403:
10350:
10251:
10149:
10046:
10014:
9958:
9330:
8550:
7116:
6923:
6905:
6900:
5451:
5300:. In the meanwhile Christian priests from Edessa had evangelized Eastern Mesopotamia and
5253:
5143:
4802:
4702:
4575:
4506:
4292:
4230:
4188:
3972:
3877:
3548:
3540:
3343:
3242:
3210:
2922:
2869:
2861:
2841:
2796:
2780:
2760:
2618:
2551:
2423:
2390:
2382:
2362:
2312:
2296:
2047:
2004:
1612:
1535:
1523:
1290:
1185:
1058:
1053:, there was no longer a native Jewish monarchy. Instead, political power devolved to the
749:
744:
708:
463:
435:
377:
322:
244:
8523:
7689:
7595:
7583:
5737:
2124:). As Gentiles joined the young Christian movement, the question of whether they should
1569:
The gospel accounts provide insight into what early Christians believed about Jesus. As
941:, and other regions. Over 40 such communities were established by the year 100, many in
12348:
12294:
12205:
12195:
11986:
11901:
11850:
11156:
10906:
10836:
10753:
10741:
10718:
10514:
10288:
10129:
10073:
10063:
9865:
9285:
9184:
9140:
8748:
8674:
8619:
7443:
7427:
7382:
7213:
7087:
7075:
7020:
6787:
6703:
5413:
5333:
5225:
5033:
4901:
4822:
4731:
by the third century of the Christian era, the first recorded martyrs in Britain being
4643:
4542:
4452:
4274:
4258:
4206:
4163:
4067:
4063:
4035:
4024:
3988:
3976:
3910:
3880:. There is also no mention of Peter in Rome later during Paul's two-year stay there in
3834:
3673:
3641:
3613:
3609:
3593:
3570:
3400:
3376:
3217:(d. 420) visited and studied at the library which was later destroyed, probably by the
3169:
3128:
3068:
2964:
2885:
2812:
2784:
2752:
2707:
2479:
2438:
2217:
1881:
1628:
between God and his people. The apostle Paul, in his epistles, taught that Jesus makes
1604:
1479:
1294:
1267:
1197:
1169:
488:
481:
372:
367:
237:
165:
10227:
8397:
8299:
8286:
4912:) in 319. The conversion of Kartli to Christianity is credited to a Greek lady called
4557:, the Roman Governor of Malta at the time of Saint Paul's shipwreck, became the first
3955:
The earliest Bishops of Rome were all Greek-speaking, the most notable of them being:
3266:
during the Roman years and seat of a Roman commander. In 45 AD, the apostles Paul and
2667:
12385:
12264:
12170:
12094:
11993:
11966:
11885:
11833:
11783:
11542:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11490:
11480:
11429:
11081:
11000:
10995:
10949:
10889:
10758:
10554:
9939:
9860:
9798:
9568:
9553:
9539:
9524:
9501:
9491:
9479:
9455:
9433:
9424:. Vol. 1: Origins to Constantine. Cambridge University Press. pp. 103–124.
9399:
9375:
9340:
9316:
9289:
9277:
9239:
9215:
9191:
9168:
9147:
9121:
9097:
9051:
8637:
8581:
8476:
8267:
8243:
8231:
8219:
8151:
8033:
7912:
7881:
7816:
7736:
7702:
7635:
7625:
7547:
7435:
7402:
7374:
7314:
7304:
7292:
7257:
7217:
7205:
7195:
7128:
7079:
7038:
7028:
6966:
6859:
6813:
6809:
6758:
6754:
6737:
6695:
6642:
6422:
6345:
5846:
5815:
5711:
5405:
5277:
5237:
5221:
4929:
4921:
4893:
4788:
4764:
4698:
4659:
4615:
4550:
4510:
4481:
4009:
3849:
3578:
3234:
3133:
3036:
2967:, although modern Bible scholars believe that it to be authored by a different John,
2788:
2772:
2768:
2727:
2655:
2563:
2394:
2185:
1832:
1674:, provides a brief summary of Jesus' life, but the original text has been altered by
1670:
1637:
1592:
1444:
1399:
1395:
1368:
1364:
1173:
1162:
1062:
713:
683:
663:
596:
546:
474:
291:
150:
140:
10944:
9366:. Vol. 1: Origins to Constantine. Cambridge University Press. pp. 87–102.
9186:
Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews: A Jewish Life and the Emergence of Christianity
9146:. The Penguin History of the Church. Vol. 1 (revised ed.). Penguin Books.
6707:
4827:
Christianity also spread beyond the Roman Empire during the early Christian period.
3822:
reached the latter city, indicating that belief in Jesus in Rome had preceded Paul.
2702:
2478:) authorized a new persecution against the Christians. It was at this time that the
12129:
11971:
11946:
11525:
11485:
10841:
10781:
10169:
10154:
9855:
9835:
9830:
9813:
9793:
9487:
9425:
9367:
9269:
9179:
8740:
8696:
8666:
7898:
7697:
7617:
7522:
7419:
7415:
7366:
7300:
7187:
7010:
6841:
6805:
6750:
6687:
6634:
6483:
6414:
6193:
5645:
5577:
5557:
5521:
5305:
5166:
5112:
5021:
4909:
4897:
4878:
4798:
4780:
4740:
4684:
4668:
4596:
4461:
4081:
3964:
3918:
3861:
3819:
3807:
3744:
3661:
3589:
3454:
3432:
3368:
3359:
3327:
3254:
3245:
is recognized by many textual scholars as one of the earliest New Testament types.
3184:
3180:
3092:
3040:
3028:
2932:
2828:
2630:
2614:
2546:
2442:
2402:
2398:
2324:
2316:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2225:
2161:
2151:
2098:
2077:
2051:
2028:
2024:
1997:
1947:
1931:
1737:
1713:
1641:
1527:
1467:
1459:
1391:
1387:
1103:
911:
910:) literally means "assembly", "gathering", or "congregation" but is translated as "
899:
891:
848:
698:
591:
342:
214:
145:
9045:
6997:[The Noahid Laws: A Pre-Sinaitic Mini-Torah for Humanity and for Israel].
5220:(c. AD 400) (from information in the royal archives of Edessa) describes how King
5087:
along the southwestern coast of the Indian continent, possibly visiting southeast
4218:
3696:
3477:
by Priscilla to replace him. Paul returned to Corinth at least once. He wrote the
1470:. Jesus began his own ministry when he was around 30 years old around the time of
12338:
12244:
12035:
11733:
11214:
11116:
11054:
10796:
10747:
10293:
9948:
9473:
9469:
9393:
9389:
9334:
9310:
9233:
9209:
9160:
9115:
8419:
8211:
8199:
8027:
7643:
7348:
7280:
7108:
6995:"Les lois noaẖides: Une mini-Torah pré-sinaïtique pour l'humanité et pour Israël"
6879:
6732:
5771:
5620:
5597:
5553:
5401:
5340:
5185:
5158:
4772:
4546:
4329:
and others were martyred there. It has long maintained its own rite known as the
4312:
4103:
3720:
3367:, the major northern Greek city where it is believed Christianity was founded by
3218:
3149:
3145:
3060:
2735:
2378:
2284:
2272:
2043:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1539:
1272:
1138:
1077:
832:
536:
445:
9031:
John Stewart, Nestorian Missionary Enterprise (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1928)
8972:
6891:
4553:
testify to an Early Christian community on the islands. According to tradition,
4209:, were early centers of Christianity. Major Christian communities were found in
4178:
4091:, south of the Mediterranean from Rome, gave the early church the Latin fathers
1345:
12334:
12234:
12030:
11919:
11865:
11798:
11778:
11537:
11378:
11218:
11204:
11179:
11174:
10965:
10939:
10869:
10684:
10586:
10581:
10564:
10504:
10398:
10345:
10174:
10094:
9943:
8797:
7748:
7183:
7062:
6883:
6666:
6259:
5485:
foothold in the ancient center of Semitic civilization in South-west Arabia or
5426:
5320:
By the latter half of the 2nd century, Christianity had spread east throughout
5241:
further states that Thomas was regarded as an apostle of the church in Edessa.
5193:
5157:) in northwestern Mesopotamia was from apostolic times the principal center of
5154:
5053:
5024:, who continued on to southern India, and possibly as far as Malaysia or China.
4792:
4689:
4538:
4330:
4300:
4288:
4250:
4246:
4187:, in Lyon. The pole in the arena is a memorial to the people killed during the
4159:
4119:
3956:
3945:
3934:
3887:
3785:
3411:, which is often considered the first contact of Christianity with Europe. The
3279:
3116:
3088:
2968:
2865:
2856:
is recognized by scholars as one of the earliest New Testament types. It had a
2671:
2483:
2201:
1869:
1570:
1440:
1425:
1414:
1322:
1240:
1150:
1142:
1042:
582:
541:
521:
392:
357:
209:
130:
9429:
9371:
8601:
Gonzáles, Justo L. (2010). "The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation".
8150:; The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005
7423:
7209:
6786:
Schultheiss, Dirk; Truss, Michael C.; Stief, Christian G.; Jonas, Udo (1998).
3802:
Exactly when Christians first appeared in Rome is difficult to determine. The
3164:, and later being imprisoned there for two years (estimated to be 57–59). The
2719:
12498:
12259:
12190:
12040:
11748:
11388:
11383:
11121:
11058:
11047:
10934:
10821:
10724:
10712:
10576:
10549:
10489:
9968:
9788:
9505:
9475:
Justification by Faith: The Origin and Development of a Central Pauline Theme
9417:
9359:
9281:
9253:
9093:
8615:
8100:
7980:
7966:
7955:
7943:
7931:
7861:
7808:
7660:
7490:
7439:
7431:
7378:
7318:
7289:
Justification by Faith: The Origin and Development of a Central Pauline Theme
7245:
7083:
7042:
7024:
6944:
6887:
6571:
5783:
5757:
5549:
5513:
5174:
5104:
5084:
4768:
4728:
4554:
4465:
3994:
3980:
3949:
3692:
3653:
3577:
is believed to have been the first bishop. The city was sacked by the pirate
3559:, bishop of Rome, write a letter to the community in Athens in the year 139.
3536:
3516:
3490:
3466:
3457:, Paul stayed eighteen months in Corinth to preach. He initially stayed with
3372:
2976:
2594:
2571:
2529:
2328:
2292:
2221:
2189:
1978:
1951:
1913:
1876:
1645:
1383:
1334:
1209:
1189:
1177:
1027:
1012:
871:
864:
860:
495:
402:
199:
194:
9004:
8266:
The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005
7647:
7639:
7113:
The Acts of the Apostles: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary
6949:
Approaches to Ancient Judaism, New Series: Religious and Theological Studies
5276:, Bishop of Edessa (412–435), forbade its use. This arrangement of the four
1114:, who ruled as kings and high priests. This independence would last until 63
1110:
BC, which culminated in the establishment of an independent Judea under the
12072:
12020:
11951:
11941:
11622:
11554:
11419:
11315:
11146:
11076:
10954:
10763:
10734:
10601:
10298:
10041:
10000:
9454:. Translated by Thompson, James W. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic.
9447:
9306:
9305:
Klutz, Todd (2000). "Paul and the Development of Gentile Christianity". In
9293:
9273:
8466:
7740:
7351:(ed.). "Echoes of Intra-Jewish Polemic in Paul's Letter to the Galatians".
7191:
7015:
6994:
6699:
5641:
5616:
5517:
5501:
was always strong, and the royal family traces its ancestry to this queen.
5417:
5235:(c. AD 200), which is still the normal liturgy of the Assyrian church. The
5178:
5165:
in the royal family. Strategically located on the main trade routes of the
4588:
4476:, suggests that Christianity was thriving in Syracuse, and the presence of
4284:
4202:
4147:
4111:
4076:
4005:
4000:
Greek New Testament texts were translated into Latin early on, well before
3914:
3703:", south of the Mediterranean from Greece, the northeastern part of modern
3625:
3605:
3556:
3428:
3364:
3238:
3000:
2996:
2756:
2559:
2288:
2268:
2205:
2176:. It also confirmed that Gentile converts were not obligated to follow the
2081:
1935:
1865:
1824:
1625:
1553:
1531:
1511:
1487:
1463:
1282:
1201:
1123:
1119:
938:
895:
820:
804:
451:
224:
104:
9607:
9521:
The Christian Tradition: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600)
8127:"The Saint Athanasius Monastery of Chirpan, the oldest cloister in Europe"
7624:(first ed.). New York & London: Garland Publishing. p. 490.
6817:
6762:
6691:
6511:
6303:
5404:, he was not initially hostile to his Christian subjects, who were led by
3453:
in southern Greece, was an early center of Christianity. According to the
12374:
12124:
12087:
11936:
11788:
11763:
11660:
10786:
10647:
10618:
10559:
10534:
10529:
10393:
10308:
10202:
10183:
9892:
9085:
8412:
7800:
7179:
6962:
6610:
6390:
6078:
5624:
5505:
5374:
5268:
5205:
4732:
4469:
4131:
4020:
3968:
3857:
3778:
3111:
2902:
2845:
2520:
2156:
1993:
1974:
1943:
1905:
1892:
1786:
1519:
1503:
1252:
1193:
934:
566:
526:
511:
397:
337:
281:
8346:
the original missionary who brought Christianity to Rome (and therefore
7696:: "Since custom and ancient tradition have prevailed that the Bishop of
7447:
7091:
6581:; that we should go unto the Gentiles, and they unto the circumcision" (
5285:
4884:
Tiridates III was the first Christian king in Armenia from 298 to 330.
3766:
3547:
during his visit to Athens, contributing to early Christian literature.
2467:), Christians were largely ignored by the Roman government. The Emperor
2092:
was leader of the early Christian community in Jerusalem, and his other
1847:. Some of these groups had been started by Paul's missionary associates
1752:
1736:) were still alive. Important Christian sources for this period are the
1007:
12222:
11961:
11758:
11414:
11346:
11166:
10916:
10864:
10669:
10499:
10144:
9973:
9917:
9912:
9111:
8752:
8678:
7804:
7386:
7046:
6954:
6733:"Celsus' Decircumcision Operation: Medical and Historical Implications"
5649:
5608:
5533:
5509:
5467:
5390:
5378:
5297:
5162:
4776:
4748:
4736:
4533:), an event usually dated c. AD 60. Paul had been allowed passage from
4379: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4123:
4095:(c. 120 – c. 220) and Cyprian (d. 258). Carthage fell to Islam in 698.
4092:
3941:
3865:
3789:
3431:, today a ruin on the northern part of the western Greek coast. In the
3346:(who is thought to have been the first bishop of Damascus) then he was
3214:
2971:(a Greek island about 30 miles off the Anatolian coast), that mentions
2889:
2849:
2837:
2833:
2649:
2264:
2229:
2177:
2133:
2113:
1901:
1816:
1330:
1205:
1130:
1111:
922:
506:
12379:
12227:
12062:
12052:
12045:
12003:
11998:
11793:
11753:
11161:
11111:
11037:
11032:
10806:
10791:
10519:
10509:
10212:
10198:
9922:
7253:
7170:
Black, C. Clifton; Smith, D. Moody; Spivey, Robert A., eds. (2019) .
5561:
5529:
5409:
5397:
5386:
5358:
5245:
5212:) about the middle of the 2nd century. An ancient legend recorded by
5012:
4925:
4600:
4513:, traditionally identified as the place where St Paul was shipwrecked
4477:
4226:
4051:
4050:; they ended in Rome, and the West in general, with the accession of
3793:
3712:
3629:
3621:
3574:
3498:
3424:
3299:
3290:
3173:
3100:
3080:
3076:
3052:
3032:
2992:
2679:
2598:
2446:
2355:
2117:
2093:
2085:
1989:
1909:
1244:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1154:
852:
844:
828:
668:
531:
501:
9550:
Christians and the Holy Places: The Myth of Jewish-Christian Origins
9297:
8744:
8670:
7370:
6316:
from the original on 9 March 2018 – via CenturyOne Foundation.
4892:
According to Orthodox tradition, Christianity was first preached in
4591:, was an early center of Christianity and today is a ruin in modern
4468:. Syracuse is one of the first Christian communities established by
4354:
2235:
The primary issue which was addressed related to the requirement of
823:, and beyond. Originally, this progression was closely connected to
11768:
11637:
11005:
10884:
10524:
10303:
10217:
9963:
9953:
9907:
9902:
9897:
8078:"Introduction to the Epistles to the Corinthians - Study Resources"
8054:"Introduction to the Epistles to the Corinthians - Study Resources"
7865:
6971:
6919:
6746:
5525:
5498:
5471:
5422:
5382:
5289:
5258:
5213:
5132:
5124:
4913:
4869:
of the late third – early fourth centuries after the conversion of
4756:
4744:
4676:
4619:
4502:
4488:
on the mainland was also probably an early center of Christianity.
4485:
4322:
4280:
4234:
4043:
4028:
3984:
3669:
3649:
3597:
3436:
3415:
3408:
3396:
3347:
3319:
3267:
3222:
3020:
3012:
2991:) is addressed to Anatolian regions. On the southeast shore of the
2936:
2792:
2714:, Turkey, said to be the spot where Saint Peter first preached the
2590:
2468:
2441:
of AD 64. It is possible that Peter and Paul were in Rome and were
2370:
2209:
2173:
2147:
2035:
2023:
70. Prophecies of the Second Temple's destruction are found in the
1820:
1778:
1703:
1652:
1545:
1451:
1314:
1192:
than among those living in the land of Israel. Diaspora Jews spoke
516:
387:
8605:. Vol. 1. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 91–93.
5994:
5593:
5480:
by the Christian gospel, it is helpful to distinguish between the
2327:, the successor to the Pharisees. When Peter left Jerusalem after
1973:. Peter, John and James were collectively recognized as the three
1819:. By the early 50s, he had moved on to Europe where he stopped in
12468:
12077:
12057:
11914:
11803:
11042:
10972:
10632:
10596:
9041:
8456:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005, article "Victor I, St"
7706:
7285:"'Justification by Faith' and The Disposition of Paul's Argument"
5628:
5589:
5565:
5494:
5481:
5437:
5370:
5366:
5329:
5325:
5273:
5170:
5120:
5116:
5096:
5092:
5041:
4858:
4672:
4664:
4611:
4592:
4473:
4334:
4214:
4155:
4151:
4046:. The last and most severe of the imperial persecutions was that
4039:
4023:, and in the following century there were schisms connected with
4016:
3838:
3665:
3645:
3633:
3544:
3520:
3512:
3474:
3470:
3450:
3392:
3194:
3179:
After Hadrian's siege of Jerusalem (c. 133), Caesarea became the
2952:
2803:(325) as exercising jurisdiction over the adjoining territories.
2744:
2740:
2711:
2670:
in the Holy Land) is 313, which corresponds with the date of the
2537:
2397:. Prophecies of the Second Temple's destruction are found in the
2386:
2213:
2129:
2116:, people who believed in the truth of Judaism but had not become
1985:
1897:
1802:
1782:
1679:
1583:
in the Hebrew scriptures. Through the accounts of his miraculous
1515:
1499:
1455:
1318:
1281:) means "anointed" and is used in the Old Testament to designate
1256:
1248:
1232:
1023:
930:
898:, but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a "
551:
276:
249:
6385:
6383:
6381:
4606:
Salona emerged as a center for the spread of Christianity, with
3944:, which by tradition held authority over sees outside their own
3007:, in his letters, addressed Christians in Pontus. Of the extant
11284:
10058:
9978:
9845:
9483:
7411:
7296:
7249:
7071:
6851:
6626:
6406:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6361:
5910:
5612:
5581:
5560:
of "Candace, queen of the Ethiopians" returning from a trip to
5348:
5293:
5263:
5244:
Addai, who became the first bishop of Edessa, was succeeded by
5147:
5100:
5088:
5069:
4905:
4752:
4647:
4627:
4623:
4599:, a disciple of Paul, preached there. Some Christians suffered
4580:
4562:
4522:
4238:
4001:
3853:
3826:
3617:
3601:
3562:
3508:
3440:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3263:
3259:
3190:
3072:
3016:
2915:
2881:
2799:. It was one of the three whose bishops were recognized at the
2437:
persecuted Christians in Rome, whom he blamed for starting the
2427:
1765:
1507:
1310:
1216:, but they started forming local religious institutions called
1061:(356–323 BC). After Alexander's death, the region was ruled by
926:
816:
703:
204:
6788:"Uncircumcision: A Historical Review of Preputial Restoration"
6605:
6603:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6174:
4130:(died c. 203), Tertullian (c. 155–240), Cyprian (c. 200–258),
3902:, Peter was not the founder of any visible church succession.
3864:
had been the founders of the Church in Rome and had appointed
1760:
12010:
11470:
11409:
11366:
10606:
9167:, AD 70 to 135. pp 33–34. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (1999).
8850:
8848:
7006:
6006:
5750:
5636:
5632:
5545:
5490:
5486:
5362:
5344:
5321:
5249:
5201:
4928:
was also translated into Georgian in the 5th century, as the
4755:
dated the faith's arrival to the latter part of the reign of
4518:
4318:
4210:
3825:
Historians consistently consider Peter and Paul to have been
3704:
3637:
3566:
3462:
3323:
2457:
2248:
1859:
1806:
1797:
1574:
1298:
1286:
1146:
1050:
894:. Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as
879:
219:
181:
6464:
6462:
6358:
6344:(Revised and expanded ed.). Doubleday. pp. 19–21.
4291:, was an early center of Christianity said to be founded by
2975:. According to the New Testament, the Apostle Paul was from
1129:
The central tenets of Second Temple Judaism revolved around
9565:
The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Jewish Origins of Christianity
7732:
6588:
6126:
6102:
6066:
5922:
5812:
Geography of Religion: Where God Lives, where Pilgrims Walk
5352:
5304:, and established the first churches in the kingdom of the
5301:
5272:, which was compiled about 172 and in common use until St.
5209:
4971:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
4222:
3830:
2434:
1495:
1046:
840:
9416:(2006). "Gentile Christianity". In Mitchell, Margaret M.;
8881:
The Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries
8845:
8830:
6785:
2414:
worship—these included most social activities such as the
2084:. The apostles lived and taught there for some time after
1522:–2; Luke 6:37–38). These teachings are highlighted in the
1212:
used by early Christians. Diaspora Jews continued to make
9602:
Cave in Jordan Said to Have Been Used by Early Christians
7886:, volume 3, section 79: "The Time of the Easter Festival"
7560:
7147:
6878:
6459:
6235:
6030:
5982:
5934:
5898:
4464:
was founded by Greek colonists in 734 or 733 BC, part of
3011:, five of seven are to Anatolian cities, the sixth is to
2943:, part of modern Turkey, the western part was called the
1843:, indicating that there were already Christian groups in
1325:
who would establish and reign over an idealized kingdom.
1309:
and lineage, this promise was reaffirmed by the prophets
863:
and is followed by, and substantially overlaps with, the
7472:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6138:
5958:
5874:
5095:
en route, and landing at the former flourishing port of
3569:
was allied with Rome and was thus made capital of Roman
3136:, on the seacoast just northwest of Jerusalem, at first
3075:
and in 330 moved the capital of the reunified empire to
2184:, which was condemned as execrable and repulsive in the
2015:
66–73), Jerusalem and the Temple were destroyed after a
1390:, letters written to various Christian congregations by
9050:. Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing. p. 59.
8338:
Antioch and Rome: New Testament Cradles of Christianity
8228:
Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, 70 to 135
7803:(2015). "When Did Peter Become Bishop of Antioch?". In
7460:
6896:"Circumcision: In Apocryphal and Rabbinical Literature"
6435:
5497:). Because of geographic proximity, acculturation with
1831:. He then moved into mainland Greece, spending time in
11224:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
8129:(in Bulgarian). Bulgarian National Radio. 22 June 2017
6541:
6447:
6283:
6271:
6150:
6054:
5970:
5946:
5788:
5416:, however, the conversion of Constantine the Great to
5138:
3933:, when the seat of government had been transferred to
3743:. According to Byzantine legend, the first bishop was
2959:
90–110, although some scholars argue for an origin in
1333:
who brings about the resurrection of the dead and the
9604:
Biblical Archaeology Review (archived 7 January 2010)
8113:"Early Christianity in Bulgarian Lands – Project HOP"
7872:
amongst whom Athanasius and Cyril must be mentioned."
6486:, Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.
6223:
6204:
6018:
5886:
5361:, writing about 196, speaks of Christians throughout
5188:
and Roman Empires in Upper Mesopotamia, known as the
5115:
in southeastern India, and ministered in what is now
5072:
and baptized the natives, whose descendants form the
4128:
Saint Perpetua, Saint Felicitas, and their Companions
2852:
translation of the Old Testament began there and the
8032:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 56–57.
7701:
Balsamon, Aristenus and Beveridge consider it to be
6553:
6247:
6162:
6090:
5862:
5432:
A near-contemporary 5th-century Christian work, the
4904:
in the 1st century. It became the state religion of
4263:
Ephesine theory attributes the Gallican Rite to Lyon
3079:(also an early Christian center and just across the
2578:
were Gentiles ("uncircumcised") for the first time.
2243:, who believed, following his interpretation of the
1805::26, that they were first called Christians (Greek:
8900:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005, article
8634:
Abyssinian Christianity: The First Christian Nation
7165:
7163:
7161:
7159:
6781:
6779:
6530:
6528:
6114:
5588:Ethiopia at that time meant any upper Nile region.
5262:, or Syriac translation of the Old Testament; also
4873:. The church traces its origins to the missions of
3967:(c. 126–136), probably the only martyr among them;
3099:were held either in Western Anatolia or across the
3009:
letters of Ignatius of Antioch considered authentic
1696:), who wrote that Christians "took their name from
1293:whose status was symbolized by being anointed with
1251:to separate from the Pharisees. The territories of
9183:
9139:
8631:
8600:
6836:
6834:
6516:Studies in Rabbinic Judaism and Early Christianity
6042:
5810:Hitchcock, Susan Tyler; Esposito, John L. (2004).
5339:By the time that Edessa was incorporated into the
5256:. Thence came to us in the 2nd century the famous
4142:(died 505). Tertullian and Cyprian are considered
3632:and the emergence of centers of Christianity like
3399:, were early centers of Christianity. Of note are
9315:. Routledge Worlds. Routledge. pp. 178–190.
9256:(1998). "Christian Number and Its Implications".
8525:The Church of the Early Fathers: External History
6993:Vana, Liliane (May 2013). Trigano, Shmuel (ed.).
5809:
5284:domination many martyrs suffered at Edessa: Sts.
2662:in 325 AD. The traditional founding date for the
874:claim to have been founded by one or more of the
12496:
7848:Jewish Encyclopedia: Alexandria, Egypt – Ancient
7169:
7156:
7103:
7101:
6776:
6609:
6525:
6389:
6304:"The Church of the Apostles found on Mount Zion"
5296:; Sts. Gûrja, Schâmôna, Habib, and others under
5051:An early third-century Syriac work known as the
4287:, today one of the main archaeological sites of
4154:descent, was instrumental in the development of
1165:had a major influence on Second Temple Judaism.
9354:Marcus, Joel (2006). "Jewish Christianity". In
9117:The Historical Jesus: A Guide for the Perplexed
9090:The Catholic Church Through the Ages: A History
8262:
8260:
8258:
8256:
7944:Catholic Encyclopedia: Jerusalem (A.D. 71–1099)
7491:Catholic Encyclopedia: Jerusalem (A.D. 71–1099)
7275:
7273:
6847:When Christians Were Jews: The First Generation
6831:
6494:
6492:
5308:. Atillâtiâ, Bishop of Edessa, assisted at the
4249:near the end of the 2nd century and he claimed
3125:Caesarea Maritima § Early Christian centre
2779:may have been written there. The church father
2583:general significance of Jerusalem to Christians
1958:appears as the leader of the Jerusalem church.
1678:. The first Roman author to reference Jesus is
1474:. Jesus' message centered on the coming of the
1018:Christianity originated as a minor sect within
622:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
8216:The Jews in the Time of Jesus: An Introduction
7829:
7661:Catholic Encyclopedia: Jerusalem (AD. 71–1099)
7539:
6943:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6323:
5177:(which may account for its rapid growth), and
4321:in northwest Italy was founded by the apostle
3975:to have been the brother of the author of the
3225:around 637. The first major church historian,
2212:positively. The resulting Apostolic Decree in
2109:, when all Jews were banished from Jerusalem.
1624:For his followers, Jesus' death inaugurated a
12184:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
11883:
11300:
9623:
8898:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
8510:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
8497:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
8454:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
8172:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
7543:An Introduction to Jewish-Christian Relations
7393:
7231:
7229:
7227:
7098:
6726:
6724:
6660:
6658:
6623:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
6403:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
4857:Christianity became the official religion of
3543:is known for an apology addressed to Emperor
2825:Egypt (Roman province) § Christian Egypt
2692:East–West Schism#Prospects for reconciliation
2587:persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
2558:on the site of the former Jewish Temple, the
2251:, i.e. the rules of traditional Judaism, and
2112:The first Gentiles to become Christians were
1942:was led by the Apostles, foremost among them
1579:), Jesus is identified as the fulfillment of
1259:were frequently troubled by insurrection and
769:
9336:Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years
9165:Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways
8854:James, M. R. (1966) "The Acts of Thomas" in
8465:
8253:
7546:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–.
7270:
6489:
5814:. National Geographic Society. p. 281.
5736:Paul, for example, greets a house church in
3652:) was likely to have begun with these early
1443:(written at the end of the 1st century) are
1276:
1208:. The Septuagint was the translation of the
9637:
8878:
8872:
8868:Breviary of the Mar Thoma Church in Malabar
8329:
7956:Catholic Encyclopedia: Caesarea Palaestinae
7719:Encyclopædia Britannica "Quinisext Council"
7511:Jewish Encyclopedia: Academies in Palestine
6337:
6320:
5840:
5181:even became the state religion for a time.
4850:recently been redated, casting some doubt.
4812:
3183:with the bishop of Jerusalem as one of its
2795:) New Testament text types associated with
2267:, was the inclusion of Gentiles into God's
1697:
1301:, to whom God promised an eternal kingdom (
969:, serving as foundations for the expansive
839:. The first followers of Christianity were
11307:
11293:
9630:
9616:
9329:
9178:
8336:Brown, Raymond E.; Meier, John P. (1983).
8335:
8164:
7743:, however, wanted the Pope as well as the
7224:
6840:
6721:
6655:
6144:
6132:
6108:
6036:
6012:
5964:
5928:
5880:
5315:
4697:. Early Christianity also spread from the
4201:The Mediterranean coast of France and the
3660:in Europe was founded in Thrace in 344 by
2753:Greek culture in the Eastern Mediterranean
2408:
2385:. According to Epiphanius of Salamis, the
1003:Historical background of the New Testament
776:
762:
111:
8616:Catholic Encyclopedia: Reggio di Calabria
8594:
8512:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005
8499:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005
8174:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005
7337:
7059:
7014:
6957:, along with any others who revealed the
6479:
6477:
5000:Learn how and when to remove this message
4439:Learn how and when to remove this message
3387:, which also extend into the neighboring
2625:, Interest in Jerusalem resumed with the
2154:went to Jerusalem to meet with the three
916:English translations of the New Testament
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
9446:
9412:
9228:
9204:
9134:
8959:
8957:
8955:
8953:
8569:
8528:. Longmans, Green and Company. pp.
8376:
8361:
8359:
7584:Canon VII of the First Council of Nicaea
7566:
7527:
7399:
7107:
6547:
6468:
6453:
6441:
6341:A Concise History of the Catholic Church
6265:
6241:
6156:
6060:
6000:
5988:
5976:
5952:
5940:
5916:
5904:
5843:A Concise History of the Catholic Church
5592:was the title and perhaps, name for the
5445:all their efforts to compute the number.
5011:
4834:
4501:
4344:
4299:is believed to be its first bishop. The
4177:
4122:, possibly a local use of the primitive
4075:
3904:
3765:
3624:coast and along the lower course of the
3443:(c. 185–254) stayed there for some time
3289:
3110:
2951:traditionally and plausibly occurred in
2901:
2844:. Its famous libraries were a center of
2701:
2644:, Helena (with the assistance of Bishop
2519:
2230:circumcision requirement for Jewish boys
2061:
2007:, another relative of Jesus. During the
1891:
1759:
1751:
1544:
1344:
1297:. The term is most associated with King
1243:movement in Judaism, which believed the
1006:
986:
945:, also known as Asia Minor, such as the
43:This article includes a list of general
27:Historical era of the Christian religion
12530:Dioceses established in the 1st century
11048:Fostering of early experimental science
9468:
9388:
9252:
9040:
8995:
8883:. Williams & Norgate. p. 293.
8776:
8774:
8772:
8770:
8768:
8766:
8764:
8762:
8636:. Pismo Beach, California: BP Editing.
8521:
8022:
7279:
6289:
6277:
6268:, pp. 109, 112, 114–115 & 117.
6253:
6229:
6217:
6168:
6096:
5868:
5619:had permanently penetrated the region.
4819:History of Eastern Christianity in Asia
4098:The Church of Carthage thus was to the
3798:History of the Jews in the Roman Empire
3750:
3628:. The spread of Christianity among the
3156:. It was there that Peter baptized the
2585:entered a period of decline during the
2494:
2393:. A scattered population survived. The
1920:is located under the current structure.
14:
12497:
11152:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy
9538:. HarperCollins Pbk. Ed edition 1997.
9523:. University of Chicago Press (1975).
9353:
9084:
8730:
8656:
8545:
8539:
8400:Seven Ecumenical Councils: The Seventh
7799:
7793:
7478:
7466:
6664:
6559:
6518:, (Leyden: Brill, 2010), pp. 107–138 (
6474:
6301:
6295:
5794:
5709:
5667:Christianity in the ante-Nicene period
5615:before his death in 373, showing that
5111:Thomas next proceeded overland to the
4759:, although stories connecting it with
4233:occurred in 177. The Apostolic Father
3890:sharply rejected the claim that Peter
3148:, c. 25–13 BC, and was the capital of
2076:Jerusalem was the first center of the
1930:Jerusalem was the first center of the
1801:, but it was in Antioch, according to
11288:
9611:
9422:The Cambridge History of Christianity
9364:The Cambridge History of Christianity
9304:
9047:The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen
8950:
8356:
8230:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (1999),
7897:
7815:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 263–272.
7235:
6730:
6087:, pp. 78, 85, 87–89 & 95–96.
5677:Diversity in early Christian theology
5476:To understand the penetration of the
5020:king Gondophares was proselytized by
3205:(d. 309) was a noted scholar-priest.
3199:famous library and theological school
2682:, but this was never accepted by the
2640:). According to the church historian
2564:Bar Kokhba led an unsuccessful revolt
2057:
2034:According to a tradition recorded by
1321:, who foresaw a future king from the
953:, Christianity had already spread to
9110:
8759:
7727:. Retrieved February 14, 2010. "The
7611:
7343:
6992:
6639:10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001
6419:10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001
6198:
6180:
6120:
6084:
6072:
6048:
6024:
5892:
5836:
5834:
5805:
5803:
5682:Early Christian art and architecture
5461:
4953:
4377:adding citations to reliable sources
4348:
3515:, the harbor of Athens, coming from
3427:was a city in the Roman province of
3063:was held in 314. In 325 the emperor
1904:, claimed to be the location of the
1756:Map of Paul's 3rd missionary journey
1200:produced a Greek translation of the
1168:Alexander's conquests initiated the
29:
9592:PBS Frontline: The First Christians
9092:(Illustrated, annotated ed.).
8963:
8810:The Indian Christians of St. Thomas
8625:
8576:. Lanham: Lexington Books. p.
8433:Dictionary of Christian Antiquities
8029:A new history of early Christianity
7676:at CCEL.org: Book I, Chapter XVII:
7540:Edward Kessler (18 February 2010).
7244:. Routledge Worlds (1st ed.).
6675:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
5216:(AD 260–340) and also found in the
5139:Mesopotamia and the Parthian Empire
4150:. Tertullian, a theologian of part
2771:as first being held by Peter. The
2247:, that the church must observe the
1887:
1839:. While in Corinth, Paul wrote his
1587:, the gospels present Jesus as the
1157:, where God dwelled in the Temple.
973:, eventually throughout the world.
617:Members Church of God International
24:
9552:. Oxford University Press (1993).
9513:
9395:Christian History: An Introduction
9258:Journal of Early Christian Studies
8242:, Oxford University Press (2004),
8240:The Romans: From Village to Empire
8193:St-Paul-Outside-the-Walls homepage
7907:. New York: Anchor Bible. p.
7622:Encyclopedia of early Christianity
7117:The Anchor Yale Bible Commentaries
6793:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
4317:It is believed that the Church of
4295:before his mission to Alexandria.
4257:is considered a forerunner of the
2593:, Jerusalem Christians escaped to
2536:In the 2nd century, Roman Emperor
1950:. When Peter left Jerusalem after
1472:the Baptist's arrest and execution
1145:, Jews were obligated to obey the
1011:Model of the Second Temple in the
890:, c. 26–33, perhaps following the
859:. Early Christianity contains the
825:already established Jewish centers
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
12541:
9579:
8802:The Apostle Thomas in North India
8508:"Cyprian, St." Cross, F. L., ed.
8300:"Irenaeus Against Heresies 3.3.2"
8226:, pp 190–192.; Dunn, James D.G.,
7932:Catholic Encyclopedia: Asia Minor
7904:Introduction to the New Testament
7761:Quinisext Canon 36 from Schaff's
6802:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
5831:
5800:
5730:
5692:Split of Christianity and Judaism
4339:Gallican Rite originated in Milan
4229:(the oldest city in France). The
3983:(c. 155–160), who received Saint
3894:, and concludes that while Peter
3519:around the year 53. According to
3483:Second Epistle to the Corinthians
3419:wrote a letter to the Philippians
3375:, and the surrounding regions of
3262:was the capital of the island of
2983:were primarily in Anatolia. The
2949:authorship of the Johannine works
2817:Catechetical School of Alexandria
2747:, Turkey) was the capital of the
2674:promulgated by the Roman Emperor
2664:Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulchre
2321:Gentile (or Pauline) Christianity
2226:rabbinic Jewish legal authorities
2196:, and was especially adversed in
1864:) that met in private homes (see
1747:
1702:who was executed in the reign of
1149:. In return, they were given the
12479:
12478:
12467:
11595:State church of the Roman Empire
11314:
9064:
9034:
9025:
8989:
8936:
8924:
8906:
8890:
8861:
8815:
8788:, pp. 364–436; A. E. Medlycott,
8724:
8710:
8685:
8650:
8622:at the Council of Nicaea (325)."
8609:
8563:
8515:
8502:
8495:"Tertullian." Cross, F. L., ed.
8489:
8459:
8446:
8425:
8406:
8391:
8318:
8309:
8292:
8280:
8204:
8186:
8177:
8141:
8119:
8105:
8094:
8070:
8046:
8016:
8001:
7990:
7974:
7960:
7949:
7937:
7925:
6999:Pardés: Études et culture juives
6810:10.1097/00006534-199806000-00037
6302:Pixner, Bargil (May–June 1990).
5611:consecrated Marcus as bishop of
5512:were among his converts. The Al-
5252:, who was ordained about 200 by
5169:, it was easily accessible from
5068:Thomas thereafter went south to
4958:
4932:was developed for that purpose.
4716:
4353:
4173:
3961:Epistle to the Church in Corinth
3479:First Epistle to the Corinthians
2979:(in south-central Anatolia) and
2489:
2090:James the Just, brother of Jesus
1386:. The earliest of these are the
1349:The Holy Land in the 1st century
1220:as early as the 3rd century BC.
743:
34:
11578:First seven ecumenical councils
9078:
9044:(2018). Walford, Edward (ed.).
8693:"Armenian History, Chapter III"
7891:
7884:History of the Christian Church
7875:
7852:
7841:
7782:
7770:
7754:
7712:
7683:
7665:
7654:
7605:
7589:
7572:
7533:
7515:
7504:
7484:
7454:
7331:
7325:
7172:"Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles"
7141:
7053:
6986:
6980:
6975:, that was aimed at elongation.
6951:. Scholars Press. p. 149.
6937:
6931:
6872:
6565:
6536:Westminster Theological Journal
6186:
5841:Bokenkotter, Thomas S. (2004).
5710:Khalaf, Salim G. (March 2013).
5672:Christianity in the 4th century
5644:. The last recorded bishop was
4783:, is recorded as attending the
4683:in 287. He was the bishop when
4364:needs additional citations for
3937:, as the "head" of the church.
3814:had recently come from Rome to
3097:First seven Ecumenical Councils
2473:
2462:
2451:
2128:and observe the Torah (such as
1728:Christianity in the 1st century
1506:–18), not serving both God and
1097:
1091:). The anti-Jewish policies of
1049:to return to their homeland of
12445:Relations with other religions
11851:Church of the East (Nestorian)
11846:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
11011:Separation of church and state
10680:Formal and material principles
10665:Separation of church and state
9480:Novum Testamentum, Supplements
9266:Johns Hopkins University Press
9211:A History of Christian Thought
8792:, pp. 1–17, 213–97; Eusebius,
8620:Mark, legate of Pope Sylvester
8475:. HarperCollins. p. 153.
8101:Catholic Encyclopedia: Corinth
7363:Society of Biblical Literature
7354:Journal of Biblical Literature
7293:Novum Testamentum, Supplements
7009:: Éditions in Press: 211–236.
6684:Johns Hopkins University Press
5777:
5743:
5703:
5603:In the fourth century, bishop
5544:Christianity arrived early in
3948:, were not yet referred to as
3695:and the surrounding region of
3648:) and Durostorum (present day
3095:, which lasted till 1453. The
1721:
1668:. The paragraph, known as the
1518::13), and not judging others (
1307:destruction of David's kingdom
627:The New Church (Swedenborgian)
572:Nondenominational Christianity
13:
1:
10675:Hymnody of continental Europe
9826:Apostles in the New Testament
9567:. Palgrabe Macmillan (2003).
8858:, pp. 365−77; 434−38. Oxford.
8804:, chapter 4:30; V. A. Smith,
8441:The Seven Ecumenical Councils
8287:Irenaeus Against Heresies 3.3
8170:"Paul, St" Cross, F. L., ed.
7303:. pp. 210–211, 246–247.
7240:. In Esler, Philip F. (ed.).
6665:Hodges, Frederick M. (2001).
5718:. No. 49. pp. 22–35
5697:
5662:Baptism in early Christianity
4844:oldest cathedral in the world
4801:intensified and evolved into
4771:are now generally considered
4650:, died a martyr in A.D. 303.
4534:
4303:is associated with Aquileia.
4242:
4184:Amphithéâtre des Trois-Gaules
4158:, and was the first to apply
3922:
3900:original head of the apostles
3709:significant Jewish population
3207:St. Gregory the Wonder-Worker
3067:convoked the first Christian
2960:
2895:
2858:significant Jewish population
2806:
2654:, after removing a Temple to
2634:
2622:
2395:Sanhedrin relocated to Jamnia
2336:
2216:is theorized to parallel the
2180:, especially the practice of
2160:: James the Just, Peter, and
2140:
2103:
1963:
1690:
1683:
1662:
1556:
1429:
1418:
1403:
1372:
1100: 175 – 164 BC
1081:
1066:
1031:
966:
942:
8879:von Harnack, Adolph (1905).
8856:The Apocryphal New Testament
8790:India and The Apostle Thomas
8782:India and The Apostle Thomas
8570:Ekonomou, Andrew J. (2007).
7735:were not represented at the
7176:Anatomy of the New Testament
6755:10.1016/0090-4295(80)90354-4
6731:Rubin, Jody P. (July 1980).
6338:Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004).
6312:. Vol. 16, no. 3.
5532:(c. A.D. 190) was sent from
5508:preached in Arabia and that
5489:(sometimes known as Seba or
5131:, Mazdai, the local king at
5016:According to tradition, the
4587:on the eastern shore of the
4004:, and are classified as the
3818:when, in about the year 50,
3302:where St. Paul escaped from
3241:originated in Caesarea. The
3229:, was a bishop, c. 314–339.
3168:(7.46) state that the first
2648:) claimed to have found the
2576:subsequent Jerusalem bishops
2526:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
2505:
2301:Paul the Apostle and Judaism
1603:, ultimately leading to his
1359:Christianity centers on the
958:
632:Unitarians and Universalists
7:
12152:Views on poverty and wealth
10123:Eastern Orthodox opposition
9588:(archived 1 September 2014)
7813:Peter in Early Christianity
6309:Biblical Archaeology Review
5655:
5190:Assyrian Church of the East
4268:
4110:. The archdiocese used the
4080:Early Christian quarter in
4057:
3987:and discussed with him the
3829:in Rome under the reign of
3491:primacy of the Roman Church
3449:, today a ruin near modern
3285:
3106:
3049:Crisis of the Third Century
2873:
2605:), at the beginning of the
2562:. In the years AD 132–136,
2271:, sending the message that
2261:early Christian communities
1711:
1591:. The gospels describe the
1550:Christ with the Two Thieves
962:
10:
12546:
12397:World Evangelical Alliance
12359:Traditionalist Catholicism
10140:Art patronage of Julius II
8784:, pp. 18–71; M. R. James,
8552:The Dictionary of Religion
8534:church of africa carthage.
7837:patriarch (ecclesiastical)
7501:.14: "For this Hadrian..."
6961:, were the butt of ribald
6183:, pp. 38 & 40–41.
6003:, pp. 49 & 51–52.
5751:
5465:
4939:
4887:
4830:
4816:
4720:
4657:
4653:
4585:Roman province of Dalmatia
4573:
4495:
4450:
4310:
4279:The ancient Roman city of
4272:
4194:
4061:
3971:(c. 141–154), said by the
3892:began the papal succession
3783:
3754:
3747:, mentioned in Acts 13:1.
3683:
3533:Hierotheos the Thesmothete
3461:, and was later joined by
3357:
3308:
3252:
3122:
3055:became the capital of the
2920:
2914:" and the Greek island of
2810:
2725:
2697:
2642:Socrates of Constantinople
2516:Early bishops of Jerusalem
2509:
2498:
2401:, specifically in Jesus's
2363:Jews revolted against Rome
2067:Saint Peter and Saint Paul
1923:
1770:
1725:
1573:or "Anointed One" (Greek:
1352:
1000:
990:
981:
976:
12462:
12412:
12392:World Council of Churches
12367:
12285:
12169:
12160:
12115:
11900:
11884:
11879:Latter Day Saint movement
11864:
11824:
11724:
11705:
11651:
11608:
11553:
11459:
11438:
11397:
11365:
11322:
11232:
11067:
10986:
10915:
10850:
10772:
10703:
10643:Calvinist–Arminian debate
10617:
10384:
10267:
10103:
9994:
9876:
9774:
9663:
9645:
9597:First Christians and Rome
9430:10.1017/CHOL9780521812399
9372:10.1017/CHOL9780521812399
9312:The Early Christian World
9235:The Story of Christianity
8603:The Story of Christianity
7763:Seven Ecumenical Councils
7694:: First Nicaea: Canon VII
7692:Seven Ecumenical Councils
7424:10.1163/15685365-12341488
7242:The Early Christian World
7153:"peri'ah", (Shab. xxx. 6)
6579:right hands of fellowship
5845:. Doubleday. p. 18.
5232:Liturgy of Addai and Mari
4920:, originally part of the
4863:Armenian Apostolic Church
4713:who was martyred in 298.
4569:
4521:(an island just south of
4457:Bishop of Reggio Calabria
4253:was his predecessor. The
4126:. Famous figures include
3959:(c. 88–97), author of an
3931:Seven Ecumenical Councils
3658:first Christian monastery
3584:
3469:. After he left Corinth,
3353:
3330:. In the three accounts (
3248:
2874:Pentapolis (North Africa)
2683:
2512:Jerusalem in Christianity
2424:worship the Roman emperor
2391:Hadrian's visit in 130 AD
1926:Jerusalem in Christianity
1135:Jews were a chosen people
954:
12525:4th-century Christianity
12520:3rd-century Christianity
12515:2nd-century Christianity
12510:1st-century Christianity
12420:Anti-Christian sentiment
11600:Christian biblical canon
11132:Christian existentialism
9536:The Rise of Christianity
8998:"The Church Of The East"
8966:"The Church of the East"
8786:Apocryphal New Testament
8522:Plummer, Alfred (1887).
8373:Accessed October 8, 2009
8218:, Paulist Press (1995),
6625:(3rd Revised ed.).
6405:(3rd Revised ed.).
5716:Touristica International
5712:"Jesus Visits Phoenicea"
5539:
4946:Christianity in Pakistan
4935:
4918:Georgian Orthodox Church
4813:Outside the Roman Empire
4632:Diocletianic Persecution
4610:establishing the See of
4491:
4306:
4116:Western liturgical rites
4108:Catholic Church in Italy
4089:Roman province of Africa
3843:blamed on the Christians
3775:burial site of St. Peter
3715:(115–117). According to
3679:
3495:First Epistle of Clement
3045:Christian Biblical canon
2765:Epistle to the Galatians
2418:, the army, sports, and
2365:. After a brutal siege,
2071:Juan Fernádnez Navarrete
1655:referenced Jesus in his
1394:in the 50s AD. The four
1340:
1237:resurrection of the dead
1214:pilgrimage to the Temple
884:dispersed from Jerusalem
12474:Christianity portal
11633:Investiture Controversy
9639:History of Christianity
9563:Thiede, Carsten Peter.
9519:Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan.
9120:. Bloomsbury Academic.
8808:, p. 235; L. W. Brown,
8472:The Myth of Persecution
8413:First Council of Nicaea
7967:Catholic Encyclopedia:
7724:Encyclopædia Britannica
7612:Koch, Glenn A. (1990).
6631:Oxford University Press
6411:Oxford University Press
6075:, pp. 42 & 48.
5919:, pp. 13 & 16.
5767:A Greek–English Lexicon
5687:History of Christianity
5453:Ecclesiastical History,
5389:had assumed the title "
5316:Persia and Central Asia
5310:First Council of Nicaea
5078:Syrian Malabar Nasranis
5074:Saint Thomas Christians
4950:Saint Thomas Christians
4875:Bartholomew the Apostle
4867:Gregory the Illuminator
4622:, followed by those in
4327:Gervasius and Protasius
4255:Council of Arles in 314
4048:under Diocletian in 303
3761:
3166:Apostolic Constitutions
3115:Remains of the ancient
2981:his missionary journeys
2801:First Council of Nicaea
2777:Apostolic Constitutions
2749:Roman province of Syria
2660:First Council of Nicaea
2568:Jewish Messiah claimant
2540:rebuilt Jerusalem as a
2422:. They also refused to
2409:1st century persecution
2381:at the outbreak of the
2377:, the Jerusalem church
2367:Jerusalem fell in 70 AD
2358:martyred him in 62 AD.
2122:Cornelius the Centurion
2046:at the outbreak of the
2042:, the Jerusalem church
1956:James, brother of Jesus
1860:
1807:
1676:Christian interpolation
1658:Antiquities of the Jews
1636:, believers experience
1575:
1118:BC when Judea became a
882:, who are said to have
809:First Council of Nicaea
791:, otherwise called the
64:more precise citations.
12425:Christian universalism
11816:Western Rite Orthodoxy
11661:Protestant Reformation
11200:Fourth Great Awakening
11087:Second Great Awakening
10326:Fall of Constantinople
10118:Development of primacy
9274:10.1353/earl.1998.0035
8996:Dickens, Mark (1999).
8918:Historia Ecclesiastica
8806:Early History of India
8276:Rome (early Christian)
8198:July 20, 2009, at the
7578:It was still known as
7192:10.2307/j.ctvcb5b9q.17
7121:New Haven, Connecticut
7016:10.3917/parde.052.0211
6890:; Friedenwald, Aaron;
6508:n Weights and Measures
5493:, whose queen visited
5459:
5434:Ecclesiastical History
5429:, were also martyred.
5025:
4980:by rewriting it in an
4881:) in the 1st century.
4846:
4747:, during the reign of
4514:
4297:Hermagoras of Aquileia
4192:
4084:
3926:
3781:
3727:are also mentioned in
3723:carried Jesus' cross.
3699:or the North African "
3525:local Jewish community
3311:Syriac Orthodox Church
3306:
3193:(d. 254) compiled his
3174:Zacchaeus the Publican
3120:
3091:), referred to as the
3043:who recorded an early
3005:Pliny, governor in 110
2985:First Epistle of Peter
2973:Seven churches of Asia
2945:Roman province of Asia
2927:Christianity in Turkey
2918:
2912:Seven Churches of Asia
2723:
2617:(subordinates) of the
2607:First Jewish–Roman War
2550:, erecting statues of
2533:
2198:Classical civilization
2073:
2027:, specifically in the
2009:First Jewish-Roman War
1921:
1918:Church of the Apostles
1773:Spread of Christianity
1768:
1757:
1698:
1622:
1566:
1350:
1277:
1093:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
1015:
971:spread of Christianity
947:Seven churches of Asia
12083:Anointing of the Sick
11195:Reformed epistemology
11137:Third Great Awakening
11107:Seventh-day Adventist
11028:First Great Awakening
10901:Book of Common Prayer
10695:Protestant work ethic
10238:Independent Catholics
10189:Monastery dissolution
9414:Mitchell, Margaret M.
9356:Mitchell, Margaret M.
8823:"Thomas the Apostole"
8718:"Britannica Academic"
7985:Catholic Encyclopedia
7859:Catholic Encyclopedia
7709:that is referred to."
7614:"Jewish Christianity"
7598:History of the Church
7236:Klutz, Todd (2002) .
7127:. p. Chapter V.
7125:Yale University Press
6856:Yale University Press
6692:10.1353/bhm.2001.0119
6575:Catholic Encyclopedia
6506:29,7,7–8; 30, 2, 7; O
6502:3, 5, 3; Epiphanius,
5758:Liddell, Henry George
5570:Philip the Evangelist
5442:
5015:
4942:Christianity in India
4840:Etchmiadzin Cathedral
4838:
4727:Christianity reached
4583:, the capital of the
4505:
4498:Christianity in Malta
4345:Syracuse and Calabria
4205:, then part of Roman
4181:
4079:
3908:
3874:Epistle to the Romans
3773:, believed to be the
3769:
3711:, at least up to the
3686:Christianity in Libya
3315:Christianity in Syria
3293:
3237:have argued that the
3162:Philip the Evangelist
3114:
2905:
2854:Alexandrian text-type
2840:, was established by
2705:
2676:Constantine the Great
2668:Christian Holy places
2646:Macarius of Jerusalem
2629:of the Roman Empress
2523:
2389:survived at least to
2375:Epiphanius of Salamis
2333:Clement of Alexandria
2194:Eastern Mediterranean
2188:during the period of
2157:Pillars of the Church
2065:
2040:Epiphanius of Salamis
2000:and the crucifixion.
1975:pillars of the church
1960:Clement of Alexandria
1924:Further information:
1895:
1841:Epistle to the Romans
1823:and then traveled to
1763:
1755:
1671:Testimonium Flavianum
1648:of his resurrection.
1617:
1601:resurrection of Jesus
1548:
1355:Jesus in Christianity
1353:Further information:
1348:
1020:Second Temple Judaism
1010:
993:Second Temple Judaism
987:Second Temple Judaism
837:Eastern Mediterranean
12404:Nondenominationalism
12277:Role in civilization
11744:Independent Catholic
11686:Relations with Islam
11666:Catholic Reformation
11018:Edicts of toleration
10827:Three Forms of Unity
10592:Bohemian Reformation
10165:Catholic Reformation
10022:Roman state religion
9841:Council of Jerusalem
9331:MacCulloch, Diarmaid
8946:Encyclopædia Iranica
8913:Eusebius of Caesarea
8555:. Cassell. pp.
8369:, December 7, 1953.
7747:to sign the canons.
7497:Weights and Measures
7256:. pp. 178–190.
7186:. pp. 187–226.
6633:. pp. 1243–45.
5455:Book II, Chapter XIV
5396:During the reign of
5377:) and, according to
5343:in 258, the city of
4785:314 Council of Arles
4711:Marcellus of Tangier
4707:Mauretania Tingitana
4695:cathedral of Seville
4681:Council of Illiberis
4388:"Early Christianity"
4373:improve this article
4325:in the 1st century.
4197:Christianity in Gaul
4168:councils of Carthage
4156:trinitarian theology
4144:Latin Church Fathers
4140:Eugenius of Carthage
4100:Early African church
4072:Councils of Carthage
3837:which, according to
3812:Priscilla and Aquila
3804:Acts of the Apostles
3771:St. Peter's Basilica
3757:Western Christianity
3751:Western Roman Empire
3608:coast. According to
3459:Aquila and Priscilla
3296:Chapel of Saint Paul
3227:Eusebius of Caesarea
3197:there and it held a
3119:in Caesarea Maritima
3057:Eastern Roman Empire
3025:Papias of Hierapolis
2963:. This includes the
2821:Bishop of Alexandria
2732:Patriarch of Antioch
2544:city and renamed it
2501:Eastern Christianity
2495:Eastern Roman Empire
2420:classical literature
2166:Council of Jerusalem
1996:) in remembrance of
1916:claims the original
1849:Priscilla and Aquila
1764:St Paul's Pillar in
1742:Acts of the Apostles
1581:messianic prophecies
1534:who represented the
1133:and the belief that
1039:Babylonian captivity
997:Second Temple Period
949:. By the end of the
888:crucifixion of Jesus
469:Independent Catholic
12450:Unlimited atonement
12435:Cultural Christians
11874:Jehovah's Witnesses
11496:Sermon on the Mount
11425:Christian tradition
11352:Lists of Christians
11190:Liberation theology
11097:Jehovah's Witnesses
10930:Radical Reformation
10658:Resistance theories
10545:Christian mysticism
10540:Early Scholasticism
10252:Ecclesial community
10150:Counter-Reformation
10015:Constantinian shift
9398:. Wiley-Blackwell.
8931:Chronicon Edessenum
8439:of Philip Schaff's
7109:Fitzmyer, Joseph A.
6924:Antiochus Epiphanes
6906:Kopelman Foundation
6901:Jewish Encyclopedia
6538:65 (2003), 181–200.
6015:, pp. 119–121.
5558:a treasury official
5254:Serapion of Antioch
4916:of Cappadocia. The
4807:Romans left Britain
4803:Celtic Christianity
4761:Joseph of Arimathea
4703:Strait of Gibraltar
4667:was the capital of
4634:left deep marks in
4576:Religion in Croatia
4283:at the head of the
4259:ecumenical councils
4231:Persecution in Lyon
4114:, a variant of the
3973:Muratorian fragment
3493:can be seen in the
3270:, who according to
3243:Caesarean text-type
3211:St. Basil the Great
3158:centurion Cornelius
3142:Caesarea Palaestina
3103:in Constantinople.
2923:History of Anatolia
2862:Philo of Alexandria
2842:Alexander the Great
2797:Syriac Christianity
2791:are two early (pre-
2781:Ignatius of Antioch
2763:, described in the
2761:Incident at Antioch
2619:Metropolitan bishop
2611:Jerusalem's bishops
2383:First Jewish Revolt
2344:Bishop of Jerusalem
2317:Jewish Christianity
2313:Incident at Antioch
2297:Hellenistic Judaism
2164:. Later called the
2048:First Jewish Revolt
1971:Bishop of Jerusalem
1954:tried to kill him,
1882:itinerant preachers
1613:Diarmaid MacCulloch
1536:12 tribes of Israel
1524:Sermon on the Mount
1445:ancient biographies
1261:messianic claimants
1188:was stronger among
1186:Hellenistic Judaism
1137:. As part of their
1059:Alexander the Great
886:sometime after the
857:Lebanese Christians
847:to the faith, i.e.
813:Christianity spread
750:Christianity portal
607:Jehovah's Witnesses
287:History of theology
12505:Early Christianity
12295:Crusading movement
11563:Ante-Nicene period
11264:Oriental Orthodoxy
10907:King James Version
10719:Ninety-five Theses
10515:Apostolic Brethren
10289:Church of the East
10284:Oriental Orthodoxy
10130:Crusading movement
9650:Early Christianity
9230:González, Justo L.
9206:González, Justo L.
8896:Cross, F. L., ed.
8833:on 8 February 2011
8452:Cross, F. L., ed.
8418:2008-09-15 at the
7618:Fergusson, Everett
7600:Book IV, chapter V
7481:, pp. 99–102.
7076:Peeters Publishers
6858:. pp. 10–11.
6619:"Paul the Apostle"
6615:Livingstone, E. A.
6572:St. James the Less
6484:Harris, Stephen L.
6395:Livingstone, E. A.
6197:15.44.3 quoted in
5414:Church of the East
5347:, situated on the
5334:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
5099:on an island near
5026:
4982:encyclopedic style
4969:is written like a
4847:
4823:Church of the East
4551:catacombs in Rabat
4515:
4453:Bishop of Syracuse
4275:Bishop of Aquileia
4207:Gallia Narbonensis
4193:
4164:Latin Christianity
4085:
4068:Bishop of Carthage
4064:Church of Carthage
4025:Hippolytus of Rome
3977:Shepherd of Hermas
3927:
3911:Christ Pantocrator
3835:Great Fire of Rome
3782:
3674:Council of Serdica
3654:Apostolic missions
3614:Andrew the Apostle
3610:Hippolytus of Rome
3571:Creta et Cyrenaica
3517:Berœa of Macedonia
3322:is the capital of
3307:
3170:Bishop of Caesarea
3152:(6–132) and later
3129:Bishop of Caesarea
3121:
3069:ecumenical council
2965:Book of Revelation
2919:
2886:Easter controversy
2813:Alexandrian school
2785:Curetonian Gospels
2724:
2708:Church of St Peter
2666:(which guards the
2633:to the Holy Land (
2534:
2480:Book of Revelation
2350:church historian,
2275:is sufficient for
2218:seven Noahide laws
2170:Pauline Christians
2126:convert to Judaism
2074:
2058:Gentile Christians
1922:
1769:
1758:
1640:and both share in
1632:possible. Through
1567:
1538:(10 of which were
1480:Jewish eschatology
1351:
1295:holy anointing oil
1285:and in some cases
1198:Jews of Alexandria
1170:Hellenistic period
1016:
805:Christian religion
797:Paleo-Christianity
789:Early Christianity
489:Church of the East
353:Early Christianity
12492:
12491:
12458:
12457:
12386:Charta Oecumenica
11896:
11895:
11886:Iglesia ni Cristo
11701:
11700:
11681:French Revolution
11671:Thirty Years' War
11543:Apostolic fathers
11511:Great Commandment
11282:
11281:
11259:Eastern Orthodoxy
11127:Finnish Awakening
11082:Holiness movement
11023:Congregationalism
10982:
10981:
10842:Metrical psalters
10279:Eastern Orthodoxy
10223:Neo-Scholasticism
9930:Canon development
9831:Jewish Christians
9573:978-1-4039-6143-3
9558:978-0-19-814785-5
9544:978-0-06-067701-5
9529:978-0-226-65371-6
9497:978-90-04-09521-2
9461:978-1-4934-2242-5
9439:978-1-139-05483-6
9418:Young, Frances M.
9405:978-1-118-33780-6
9381:978-1-139-05483-6
9360:Young, Frances M.
9346:978-1-101-18999-3
9339:. Penguin Books.
9322:978-1-032-19934-4
9294:Project MUSE
9245:978-0-06-185588-7
9221:978-0-687-17182-8
9197:978-0-679-76746-6
9190:. Vintage Books.
9180:Fredriksen, Paula
9173:978-0-8028-4498-9
9153:978-0-14-023199-1
9127:978-0-567-12510-1
9103:978-0-8091-4234-7
9057:978-1-935228-15-8
8780:A. E. Medlycott,
8733:History in Africa
8659:History in Africa
8643:978-0-615-65297-9
8587:978-0-7391-3386-6
8482:978-0-06-210452-6
8340:. Paulist Press.
8272:978-0-19-280290-3
8248:978-0-19-511875-9
8236:978-0-8028-4498-9
8224:978-0-8091-3610-0
8156:978-0-19-280290-3
8082:Blue Letter Bible
8058:Blue Letter Bible
8039:978-0-300-12581-8
7918:978-0-385-24767-2
7899:Brown, Raymond E.
7822:978-0-8028-7171-8
7631:978-0-8240-5745-9
7569:, pp. 44–48.
7553:978-1-139-48730-6
7499:at tertullian.org
7469:, pp. 91–92.
7403:Novum Testamentum
7345:Dunn, James D. G.
7310:978-90-04-09521-2
7263:978-1-032-19934-4
7201:978-1-5064-5711-6
7134:978-0-300-13982-2
7034:978-2-84835-260-2
6865:978-0-300-19051-9
6842:Fredriksen, Paula
6648:978-0-19-280290-3
6471:, pp. 28–29.
6428:978-0-19-280290-3
6351:978-0-385-50584-0
6244:, pp. 15–16.
6135:, pp. 91–95.
6111:, pp. 80–81.
6027:, pp. 62–64.
5991:, pp. 33–37.
5943:, pp. 46–47.
5907:, pp. 58–60.
5895:, pp. 57–59.
5852:978-0-385-50584-0
5821:978-0-7922-7313-4
5797:, pp. 19–20.
5478:Arabian Peninsula
5462:Arabian Peninsula
5406:Shemon Bar Sabbae
5278:canonical gospels
5238:Doctrine of Addai
5222:Abgar V of Edessa
5218:Doctrine of Addai
5040:were assigned to
5010:
5009:
5002:
4930:Georgian alphabet
4922:Church of Antioch
4789:Bishop of Lincoln
4787:, along with the
4701:south across the
4699:Iberian peninsula
4660:Bishop of Seville
4535:Caesarea Maritima
4507:St Paul's Islands
4482:Strait of Messina
4449:
4448:
4441:
4423:
4087:Carthage, in the
4010:Western text-type
3917:in the church of
3850:Irenaeus of Lyons
3833:in 64, after the
3235:Adolf von Harnack
3140:, then after 133
3138:Caesarea Maritima
3037:Marcion of Sinope
2931:The tradition of
2789:Syriac Sinaiticus
2773:Gospel of Matthew
2769:Bishop of Antioch
2728:School of Antioch
2638: 326–328 AD
2524:A diagram of the
2354:, wrote that the
2340: 150–215 AD
2208:, who valued the
2186:Greco-Roman world
2182:male circumcision
2134:male circumcision
2080:according to the
1967: 150–215 AD
1934:according to the
1593:miracles of Jesus
1450:Jesus grew up in
1396:canonical gospels
1369:Jesus of Nazareth
1174:Ancient Near East
1163:wisdom literature
902:"—the Greek noun
849:Jewish Christians
786:
785:
639:
638:
612:Latter Day Saints
597:Iglesia ni Cristo
562:United Protestant
547:Plymouth Brethren
482:Oriental Orthodox
90:
89:
82:
18:Christian origins
16:(Redirected from
12537:
12482:
12481:
12472:
12471:
12315:Environmentalism
12265:Church buildings
12167:
12166:
11982:Eastern Orthodox
11977:Eastern Catholic
11889:
11888:
11856:Eastern Catholic
11834:Eastern Orthodox
11722:
11721:
11643:Age of Discovery
11628:East–West Schism
11526:Great Commission
11457:
11456:
11309:
11302:
11295:
11286:
11285:
10701:
10700:
10088:Non-Chalcedonian
10069:Constantinople I
9861:General epistles
9856:Pauline epistles
9836:Paul the Apostle
9814:Great Commission
9632:
9625:
9618:
9609:
9608:
9586:Early Christians
9548:Taylor, Joan E.
9509:
9488:Brill Publishers
9470:Seifrid, Mark A.
9465:
9443:
9409:
9390:McGrath, Alister
9385:
9350:
9326:
9307:Esler, Philip F.
9301:
9249:
9225:
9201:
9189:
9157:
9145:
9142:The Early Church
9131:
9107:
9073:
9068:
9062:
9061:
9042:Sozomen, Hermias
9038:
9032:
9029:
9023:
9022:
9016:
9015:
9010:on 25 April 2017
9009:
9003:. Archived from
9002:
8993:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8983:
8977:
8971:. Archived from
8970:
8961:
8948:
8940:
8934:
8928:
8922:
8910:
8904:
8894:
8888:
8887:
8876:
8870:
8865:
8859:
8852:
8843:
8842:
8840:
8838:
8829:. Archived from
8819:
8813:
8796:, chapter 4:30;
8778:
8757:
8756:
8728:
8722:
8721:
8714:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8704:
8695:. Archived from
8689:
8683:
8682:
8654:
8648:
8647:
8629:
8623:
8613:
8607:
8606:
8598:
8592:
8591:
8567:
8561:
8560:
8543:
8537:
8536:
8519:
8513:
8506:
8500:
8493:
8487:
8486:
8463:
8457:
8450:
8444:
8429:
8423:
8410:
8404:
8395:
8389:
8380:
8374:
8363:
8354:
8353:
8333:
8327:
8322:
8316:
8313:
8307:
8306:
8296:
8290:
8284:
8278:
8264:
8251:
8208:
8202:
8190:
8184:
8183:Pennington, p. 2
8181:
8175:
8168:
8162:
8145:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8134:
8123:
8117:
8116:
8109:
8103:
8098:
8092:
8091:
8089:
8088:
8074:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8064:
8050:
8044:
8043:
8024:Freeman, Charles
8020:
8014:
8005:
7999:
7994:
7988:
7978:
7972:
7964:
7958:
7953:
7947:
7941:
7935:
7929:
7923:
7922:
7895:
7889:
7882:Philip Schaff's
7879:
7873:
7856:
7850:
7845:
7839:
7833:
7827:
7826:
7797:
7791:
7786:
7780:
7774:
7768:
7758:
7752:
7716:
7710:
7687:
7681:
7669:
7663:
7658:
7652:
7651:
7609:
7603:
7593:
7587:
7576:
7570:
7564:
7558:
7557:
7537:
7531:
7526:15.44 quoted in
7519:
7513:
7508:
7502:
7488:
7482:
7476:
7470:
7464:
7458:
7452:
7451:
7416:Brill Publishers
7397:
7391:
7390:
7349:Reinhartz, Adele
7341:
7335:
7329:
7323:
7322:
7301:Brill Publishers
7281:Seifrid, Mark A.
7277:
7268:
7267:
7233:
7222:
7221:
7178:(8th ed.).
7167:
7154:
7151:
7145:
7139:
7138:
7119:. Vol. 31.
7105:
7096:
7095:
7057:
7051:
7050:
7018:
6990:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6941:
6935:
6929:
6928:
6914:
6912:
6880:Kohler, Kaufmann
6876:
6870:
6869:
6838:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6783:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6728:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6714:
6671:
6662:
6653:
6652:
6607:
6586:
6569:
6563:
6557:
6551:
6545:
6539:
6532:
6523:
6496:
6487:
6481:
6472:
6466:
6457:
6451:
6445:
6439:
6433:
6432:
6387:
6356:
6355:
6335:
6318:
6317:
6299:
6293:
6287:
6281:
6275:
6269:
6263:
6257:
6251:
6245:
6239:
6233:
6227:
6221:
6215:
6202:
6190:
6184:
6178:
6172:
6166:
6160:
6154:
6148:
6142:
6136:
6130:
6124:
6118:
6112:
6106:
6100:
6094:
6088:
6082:
6076:
6070:
6064:
6058:
6052:
6046:
6040:
6034:
6028:
6022:
6016:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5986:
5980:
5974:
5968:
5962:
5956:
5950:
5944:
5938:
5932:
5931:, p. 66–69.
5926:
5920:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5884:
5878:
5872:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5838:
5829:
5828:
5807:
5798:
5792:
5786:
5781:
5775:
5754:
5753:
5747:
5741:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5707:
5457:
5450:Sozomen, in his
5167:Fertile Crescent
5113:Coromandel Coast
5030:Eusebius' record
5005:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4985:
4962:
4961:
4954:
4896:by the Apostles
4879:Jude the Apostle
4799:Christianisation
4781:Bishop of London
4741:Julius and Aaron
4685:Justa and Rufina
4669:Hispania Baetica
4444:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4424:
4422:
4381:
4357:
4349:
4138:(died 429), and
4082:ancient Carthage
3989:dating of Easter
3965:Pope Telesphorus
3924:
3919:Santa Pudenziana
3909:A scene showing
3856:, recorded that
3808:Jewish Christian
3806:claims that the
3777:, seen from the
3672:, following the
3664:near modern-day
3662:Saint Athanasius
3590:Paul the Apostle
3455:Acts of Apostles
3433:Epistle to Titus
3413:Apostolic Father
3360:Church of Greece
3328:Road to Damascus
3255:Church of Cyprus
3189:(subordinates).
3181:metropolitan see
3154:Palaestina Prima
3093:Byzantine Empire
3041:Melito of Sardis
3029:Quartodecimanism
2933:John the Apostle
2908:Western Anatolia
2878:Diocese of Egypt
2829:Alexandrian Rite
2751:and a center of
2639:
2636:
2547:Aelia Capitolina
2477:
2475:
2466:
2464:
2455:
2453:
2403:Olivet Discourse
2399:Synoptic Gospels
2341:
2338:
2325:Rabbinic Judaism
2259:directed to the
2253:Paul the Apostle
2245:Great Commission
2145:
2142:
2108:
2105:
2099:Aelia Capitolina
2078:Christian Church
2052:Christian church
2029:Olivet Discourse
2025:synoptic gospels
2022:
2014:
1968:
1965:
1932:Christian Church
1888:Jerusalem church
1863:
1810:
1738:Pauline epistles
1717:
1714:Tacitus on Jesus
1710:Pontius Pilate"
1701:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1667:
1664:
1638:union with Jesus
1578:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1468:John the Baptist
1447:of Jesus' life.
1438:
1434:
1431:
1423:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1392:Paul the Apostle
1388:Pauline epistles
1381:
1377:
1374:
1303:2 Samuel 7:11–17
1280:
1153:and the city of
1117:
1109:
1104:Maccabean Revolt
1101:
1099:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1036:
1033:
1026:named after the
892:Great Commission
799:, describes the
778:
771:
764:
747:
592:Christadelphians
522:Free Evangelical
475:Eastern Orthodox
432:
431:
383:East–West Schism
115:
92:
91:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
12545:
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12495:
12494:
12493:
12488:
12466:
12454:
12408:
12363:
12281:
12162:
12156:
12111:
12036:One true church
11892:
11860:
11820:
11709:
11697:
11647:
11604:
11549:
11476:in Christianity
11462:
11448:
11442:
11434:
11393:
11369:
11361:
11318:
11313:
11283:
11278:
11228:
11215:Christian right
11117:Oxford Movement
11092:Restorationists
11063:
10978:
10911:
10846:
10797:Presbyterianism
10768:
10748:Book of Concord
10699:
10623:
10621:
10613:
10380:
10270:
10263:
10099:
9998:
9990:
9949:Clement of Rome
9879:
9872:
9776:
9770:
9659:
9641:
9636:
9582:
9516:
9514:Further reading
9498:
9462:
9440:
9406:
9382:
9347:
9323:
9246:
9222:
9198:
9161:Dunn, James D.G
9154:
9136:Chadwick, Henry
9128:
9104:
9081:
9076:
9069:
9065:
9058:
9039:
9035:
9030:
9026:
9013:
9011:
9007:
9000:
8994:
8990:
8981:
8979:
8975:
8968:
8964:Dickens, Mark.
8962:
8951:
8941:
8937:
8929:
8925:
8911:
8907:
8895:
8891:
8877:
8873:
8866:
8862:
8853:
8846:
8836:
8834:
8821:
8820:
8816:
8779:
8760:
8745:10.2307/3171466
8729:
8725:
8716:
8715:
8711:
8702:
8700:
8691:
8690:
8686:
8671:10.2307/3171466
8655:
8651:
8644:
8630:
8626:
8614:
8610:
8599:
8595:
8588:
8568:
8564:
8547:Benham, William
8544:
8540:
8520:
8516:
8507:
8503:
8494:
8490:
8483:
8464:
8460:
8451:
8447:
8430:
8426:
8420:Wayback Machine
8411:
8407:
8396:
8392:
8381:
8377:
8364:
8357:
8334:
8330:
8323:
8319:
8314:
8310:
8298:
8297:
8293:
8285:
8281:
8265:
8254:
8212:Fiscus Judaicus
8209:
8205:
8200:Wayback Machine
8191:
8187:
8182:
8178:
8169:
8165:
8146:
8142:
8132:
8130:
8125:
8124:
8120:
8111:
8110:
8106:
8099:
8095:
8086:
8084:
8076:
8075:
8071:
8062:
8060:
8052:
8051:
8047:
8040:
8021:
8017:
8006:
8002:
7995:
7991:
7979:
7975:
7965:
7961:
7954:
7950:
7942:
7938:
7930:
7926:
7919:
7896:
7892:
7880:
7876:
7857:
7853:
7846:
7842:
7834:
7830:
7823:
7798:
7794:
7787:
7783:
7775:
7771:
7759:
7755:
7745:Eastern bishops
7717:
7713:
7688:
7684:
7670:
7666:
7659:
7655:
7632:
7610:
7606:
7594:
7590:
7577:
7573:
7565:
7561:
7554:
7538:
7534:
7520:
7516:
7509:
7505:
7489:
7485:
7477:
7473:
7465:
7461:
7455:
7398:
7394:
7371:10.2307/3267745
7347:(Autumn 1993).
7342:
7338:
7332:
7326:
7311:
7278:
7271:
7264:
7234:
7225:
7202:
7168:
7157:
7152:
7148:
7142:
7135:
7106:
7099:
7058:
7054:
7035:
6991:
6987:
6981:
6942:
6938:
6932:
6910:
6908:
6884:Hirsch, Emil G.
6877:
6873:
6866:
6839:
6832:
6822:
6820:
6784:
6777:
6767:
6765:
6729:
6722:
6712:
6710:
6669:
6663:
6656:
6649:
6617:, eds. (2005).
6608:
6589:
6570:
6566:
6558:
6554:
6546:
6542:
6533:
6526:
6497:
6490:
6482:
6475:
6467:
6460:
6452:
6448:
6440:
6436:
6429:
6413:. p. 862.
6397:, eds. (2005).
6388:
6359:
6352:
6336:
6321:
6300:
6296:
6288:
6284:
6280:, pp. 7–9.
6276:
6272:
6264:
6260:
6252:
6248:
6240:
6236:
6228:
6224:
6216:
6205:
6191:
6187:
6179:
6175:
6167:
6163:
6155:
6151:
6145:MacCulloch 2010
6143:
6139:
6133:MacCulloch 2010
6131:
6127:
6119:
6115:
6109:MacCulloch 2010
6107:
6103:
6095:
6091:
6083:
6079:
6071:
6067:
6059:
6055:
6047:
6043:
6037:Fredriksen 1999
6035:
6031:
6023:
6019:
6013:Fredriksen 1999
6011:
6007:
5999:
5995:
5987:
5983:
5975:
5971:
5965:MacCulloch 2010
5963:
5959:
5951:
5947:
5939:
5935:
5929:MacCulloch 2010
5927:
5923:
5915:
5911:
5903:
5899:
5891:
5887:
5881:Fredriksen 1999
5879:
5875:
5867:
5863:
5853:
5839:
5832:
5822:
5808:
5801:
5793:
5789:
5782:
5778:
5772:Perseus Project
5748:
5744:
5735:
5731:
5721:
5719:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5658:
5623:records that a
5621:John of Ephesus
5578:man of Ethiopia
5554:Christian Bible
5542:
5528:says that "one
5516:in what is now
5474:
5464:
5458:
5449:
5402:Sasanian Empire
5351:in what is now
5318:
5200:The missionary
5141:
5032:, the apostles
5006:
4995:
4989:
4986:
4978:help improve it
4975:
4963:
4959:
4952:
4940:Main articles:
4938:
4890:
4865:was founded by
4842:, regarded the
4833:
4825:
4815:
4773:pious forgeries
4725:
4719:
4662:
4656:
4578:
4572:
4559:Bishop of Malta
4547:Iudaea Province
4500:
4494:
4459:
4445:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4382:
4380:
4370:
4358:
4347:
4315:
4313:Bishop of Milan
4309:
4277:
4271:
4199:
4176:
4134:(floruit 311),
4074:
4060:
3800:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3721:Simon of Cyrene
3688:
3682:
3587:
3447:Ancient Corinth
3401:Paul's Epistles
3362:
3356:
3317:
3288:
3257:
3251:
3150:Iudaea Province
3146:Herod the Great
3144:, was built by
3131:
3109:
3087:, later called
3061:Synod of Ancyra
2929:
2898:
2831:
2809:
2738:
2736:Antiochene Rite
2700:
2651:cross of Christ
2637:
2589:. According to
2518:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2492:
2482:was written by
2472:
2461:
2450:
2411:
2339:
2329:Herod Agrippa I
2285:Supersessionism
2273:faith in Christ
2232:even stricter.
2168:, according to
2144: 48–50 AD
2143:
2106:
2060:
2020:
2012:
1998:Judas' betrayal
1966:
1952:Herod Agrippa I
1928:
1890:
1829:Roman Macedonia
1775:
1750:
1730:
1724:
1693:
1686:
1665:
1597:the crucifixion
1563:
1559:
1436:
1432:
1421:
1410:
1406:
1379:
1375:
1357:
1343:
1180:(the spread of
1115:
1107:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1078:Seleucid Empire
1076:) and then the
1073:
1069:
1063:Ptolemaic Egypt
1034:
1005:
999:
991:Main articles:
989:
984:
979:
835:throughout the
833:Jewish diaspora
782:
719:
718:
689:Other religions
649:
641:
640:
429:
428:
408:
407:
328:
327:
307:
306:
240:
230:
229:
190:
189:
171:
170:
136:
135:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12543:
12533:
12532:
12527:
12522:
12517:
12512:
12507:
12490:
12489:
12487:
12486:
12476:
12463:
12460:
12459:
12456:
12455:
12453:
12452:
12447:
12442:
12437:
12432:
12427:
12422:
12416:
12414:
12410:
12409:
12407:
12406:
12401:
12400:
12399:
12394:
12389:
12377:
12371:
12369:
12365:
12364:
12362:
12361:
12356:
12351:
12346:
12341:
12332:
12327:
12325:Fundamentalism
12322:
12320:Existentialism
12317:
12312:
12307:
12302:
12297:
12291:
12289:
12283:
12282:
12280:
12279:
12274:
12273:
12272:
12262:
12257:
12252:
12247:
12242:
12237:
12232:
12231:
12230:
12220:
12219:
12218:
12213:
12211:God the Father
12208:
12203:
12198:
12188:
12187:
12186:
12175:
12173:
12164:
12158:
12157:
12155:
12154:
12149:
12144:
12143:
12142:
12132:
12127:
12121:
12119:
12113:
12112:
12110:
12109:
12108:
12107:
12097:
12092:
12091:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12050:
12049:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12031:Body of Christ
12028:
12018:
12013:
12008:
12007:
12006:
11996:
11991:
11990:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11974:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11933:
11932:
11927:
11922:
11917:
11906:
11904:
11898:
11897:
11894:
11893:
11891:
11890:
11881:
11876:
11870:
11868:
11866:Restorationist
11862:
11861:
11859:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11842:
11841:
11830:
11828:
11822:
11821:
11819:
11818:
11813:
11812:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11761:
11756:
11746:
11741:
11736:
11730:
11728:
11719:
11703:
11702:
11699:
11698:
11696:
11695:
11694:
11693:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11657:
11655:
11649:
11648:
11646:
11645:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11614:
11612:
11606:
11605:
11603:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11591:
11590:
11585:
11575:
11570:
11568:Late antiquity
11565:
11559:
11557:
11551:
11550:
11548:
11547:
11546:
11545:
11538:Church fathers
11535:
11530:
11529:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11467:
11465:
11454:
11436:
11435:
11433:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11401:
11399:
11395:
11394:
11392:
11391:
11386:
11381:
11375:
11373:
11363:
11362:
11360:
11359:
11354:
11349:
11344:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11323:
11320:
11319:
11312:
11311:
11304:
11297:
11289:
11280:
11279:
11277:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11250:
11249:
11244:
11233:
11230:
11229:
11227:
11226:
11221:
11212:
11202:
11197:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11180:Pentecostalism
11177:
11175:Jesus movement
11172:
11164:
11159:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11089:
11084:
11079:
11073:
11071:
11065:
11064:
11062:
11061:
11052:
11051:
11050:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11014:
11013:
11003:
10998:
10992:
10990:
10984:
10983:
10980:
10979:
10977:
10976:
10969:
10966:Martyrs Mirror
10962:
10957:
10952:
10950:Martyrs' Synod
10947:
10942:
10940:Swiss Brethren
10937:
10932:
10927:
10921:
10919:
10913:
10912:
10910:
10909:
10904:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10856:
10854:
10848:
10847:
10845:
10844:
10839:
10834:
10829:
10824:
10819:
10814:
10809:
10804:
10799:
10794:
10789:
10784:
10778:
10776:
10770:
10769:
10767:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10744:
10739:
10738:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10709:
10707:
10698:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10685:Law and Gospel
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10661:
10660:
10650:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10629:
10627:
10615:
10614:
10612:
10611:
10610:
10609:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10573:
10572:
10562:
10557:
10552:
10547:
10542:
10537:
10532:
10527:
10522:
10517:
10512:
10507:
10502:
10497:
10492:
10487:
10482:
10477:
10476:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10440:
10439:
10438:
10437:
10436:
10426:
10421:
10416:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10390:
10388:
10382:
10381:
10379:
10378:
10373:
10368:
10366:Ottoman Empire
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10317:
10316:
10311:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10275:
10273:
10265:
10264:
10262:
10261:
10256:
10255:
10254:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10180:
10179:
10178:
10177:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10126:
10125:
10120:
10109:
10107:
10101:
10100:
10098:
10097:
10095:Biblical canon
10092:
10091:
10090:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10050:
10049:
10044:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10018:
10017:
10006:
10004:
9996:Late antiquity
9992:
9991:
9989:
9988:
9983:
9982:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9944:Church Fathers
9937:
9932:
9927:
9926:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9884:
9882:
9874:
9873:
9871:
9870:
9869:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9817:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9786:
9780:
9778:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9667:
9665:
9661:
9660:
9658:
9657:
9652:
9646:
9643:
9642:
9635:
9634:
9627:
9620:
9612:
9606:
9605:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9581:
9580:External links
9578:
9577:
9576:
9561:
9546:
9534:Stark, Rodney.
9532:
9515:
9512:
9511:
9510:
9496:
9466:
9460:
9444:
9438:
9410:
9404:
9386:
9380:
9351:
9345:
9327:
9321:
9302:
9254:Hopkins, Keith
9250:
9244:
9226:
9220:
9202:
9196:
9176:
9158:
9152:
9132:
9126:
9112:Bond, Helen K.
9108:
9102:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9074:
9063:
9056:
9033:
9024:
8988:
8949:
8935:
8923:
8905:
8889:
8871:
8860:
8844:
8814:
8798:J. N. Farquhar
8758:
8723:
8709:
8684:
8649:
8642:
8624:
8608:
8593:
8586:
8562:
8538:
8514:
8501:
8488:
8481:
8458:
8445:
8424:
8405:
8390:
8375:
8355:
8328:
8317:
8308:
8291:
8279:
8252:
8203:
8185:
8176:
8163:
8140:
8118:
8104:
8093:
8069:
8045:
8038:
8015:
8010:Church History
8000:
7989:
7973:
7959:
7948:
7936:
7924:
7917:
7890:
7874:
7851:
7840:
7828:
7821:
7809:Hurtado, Larry
7792:
7781:
7769:
7753:
7749:Pope Sergius I
7729:Western Church
7711:
7682:
7674:Church History
7664:
7653:
7630:
7604:
7588:
7571:
7559:
7552:
7532:
7530:, p. 45).
7528:González (2010
7514:
7503:
7483:
7471:
7459:
7453:
7392:
7336:
7330:
7324:
7309:
7269:
7262:
7223:
7200:
7184:Fortress Press
7155:
7146:
7140:
7133:
7097:
7063:Revue Biblique
7052:
7033:
6985:
6979:
6945:Neusner, Jacob
6936:
6930:
6888:Jacobs, Joseph
6871:
6864:
6830:
6775:
6720:
6654:
6647:
6587:
6564:
6552:
6540:
6524:
6500:Church History
6488:
6473:
6458:
6446:
6444:, p. 103.
6434:
6427:
6357:
6350:
6319:
6294:
6292:, p. 195.
6282:
6270:
6258:
6246:
6234:
6222:
6203:
6201:, p. 38).
6185:
6173:
6161:
6149:
6137:
6125:
6123:, p. 109.
6113:
6101:
6089:
6077:
6065:
6053:
6041:
6039:, p. 124.
6029:
6017:
6005:
5993:
5981:
5969:
5957:
5945:
5933:
5921:
5909:
5897:
5885:
5883:, p. 121.
5873:
5861:
5851:
5830:
5820:
5799:
5787:
5776:
5742:
5729:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5657:
5654:
5586:
5585:
5541:
5538:
5463:
5460:
5447:
5341:Persian Empire
5317:
5314:
5194:Zoroastrianism
5140:
5137:
5129:Acts of Thomas
5054:Acts of Thomas
5008:
5007:
4966:
4964:
4957:
4937:
4934:
4889:
4886:
4877:and Thaddeus (
4832:
4829:
4814:
4811:
4793:Bishop of York
4718:
4715:
4690:Edict of Milan
4655:
4652:
4571:
4568:
4539:Porcius Festus
4511:St. Paul's Bay
4493:
4490:
4447:
4446:
4361:
4359:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4333:attributed to
4331:Ambrosian Rite
4308:
4305:
4301:Aquileian Rite
4289:Northern Italy
4270:
4267:
4251:Saint Pothinus
4247:Bishop of Lyon
4175:
4172:
4160:Latin language
4136:Saint Aurelius
4120:Latin language
4104:Church of Rome
4059:
4056:
3957:Pope Clement I
3935:Constantinople
3888:Oscar Cullmann
3847:second century
3841:, the Emperor
3786:Bishop of Rome
3763:
3760:
3752:
3749:
3681:
3678:
3596:, and also in
3586:
3583:
3473:was sent from
3355:
3352:
3287:
3284:
3280:Sergius Paulus
3250:
3247:
3221:in 614 or the
3213:(d. 379), and
3117:Roman aqueduct
3108:
3105:
3089:Constantinople
2969:John of Patmos
2935:was strong in
2897:
2894:
2866:Desert Fathers
2848:learning. The
2808:
2805:
2699:
2696:
2684:Church of Rome
2672:Edict of Milan
2507:
2504:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2484:John of Patmos
2410:
2407:
2361:In 66 AD, the
2202:ancient Greeks
2059:
2056:
1986:Jewish Sabbath
1889:
1886:
1870:Galatians 3:28
1771:Main article:
1749:
1748:Initial spread
1746:
1726:Main article:
1723:
1720:
1530:. Jesus chose
1476:Kingdom of God
1342:
1339:
1335:final judgment
1323:House of David
1151:land of Israel
1102:) sparked the
1043:Persian Empire
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
896:house churches
872:Apostolic sees
801:historical era
784:
783:
781:
780:
773:
766:
758:
755:
754:
753:
752:
740:
739:
734:
729:
721:
720:
717:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
650:
648:Related topics
647:
646:
643:
642:
637:
636:
635:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
586:
585:
583:Restorationist
579:
578:
577:
576:
575:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
492:
485:
478:
471:
466:
461:
460:
459:
454:
439:
438:
430:
427:
426:
421:
415:
414:
413:
410:
409:
406:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
358:Church Fathers
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
329:
326:
325:
320:
314:
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
268:
267:
262:
257:
247:
241:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
191:
188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
137:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
120:
117:
116:
108:
107:
101:
100:
88:
87:
70:September 2020
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12542:
12531:
12528:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12518:
12516:
12513:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12502:
12500:
12485:
12477:
12475:
12470:
12465:
12464:
12461:
12451:
12448:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12438:
12436:
12433:
12431:
12428:
12426:
12423:
12421:
12418:
12417:
12415:
12411:
12405:
12402:
12398:
12395:
12393:
12390:
12388:
12387:
12383:
12382:
12381:
12378:
12376:
12373:
12372:
12370:
12366:
12360:
12357:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12342:
12340:
12336:
12333:
12331:
12328:
12326:
12323:
12321:
12318:
12316:
12313:
12311:
12308:
12306:
12303:
12301:
12298:
12296:
12293:
12292:
12290:
12288:
12284:
12278:
12275:
12271:
12268:
12267:
12266:
12263:
12261:
12260:Popular piety
12258:
12256:
12253:
12251:
12248:
12246:
12243:
12241:
12238:
12236:
12233:
12229:
12226:
12225:
12224:
12221:
12217:
12214:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12202:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12193:
12192:
12189:
12185:
12182:
12181:
12180:
12177:
12176:
12174:
12172:
12168:
12165:
12159:
12153:
12150:
12148:
12145:
12141:
12138:
12137:
12136:
12133:
12131:
12128:
12126:
12123:
12122:
12120:
12118:
12114:
12106:
12103:
12102:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12093:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12055:
12054:
12051:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12041:People of God
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12023:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12005:
12002:
12001:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11973:
11970:
11969:
11968:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11958:
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11912:
11911:
11908:
11907:
11905:
11903:
11899:
11887:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11871:
11869:
11867:
11863:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11840:
11837:
11836:
11835:
11832:
11831:
11829:
11827:
11823:
11817:
11814:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11751:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11731:
11729:
11727:
11723:
11720:
11717:
11713:
11708:
11707:Denominations
11704:
11692:
11689:
11688:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11676:Enlightenment
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11658:
11656:
11654:
11650:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11615:
11613:
11611:
11607:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11581:
11580:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11569:
11566:
11564:
11561:
11560:
11558:
11556:
11552:
11544:
11541:
11540:
11539:
11536:
11534:
11531:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11473:
11472:
11469:
11468:
11466:
11464:
11458:
11455:
11452:
11446:
11441:
11437:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11402:
11400:
11396:
11390:
11389:New Testament
11387:
11385:
11384:Old Testament
11382:
11380:
11377:
11376:
11374:
11372:
11368:
11364:
11358:
11355:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11345:
11343:
11340:
11338:
11335:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11324:
11321:
11317:
11310:
11305:
11303:
11298:
11296:
11291:
11290:
11287:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11269:Protestantism
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11248:
11245:
11243:
11240:
11239:
11238:
11235:
11234:
11231:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11216:
11213:
11210:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11191:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11176:
11173:
11171:
11170:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11142:Azusa Revival
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11122:Laestadianism
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11085:
11083:
11080:
11078:
11075:
11074:
11072:
11070:
11066:
11060:
11059:Old Lutherans
11056:
11053:
11049:
11046:
11045:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11012:
11009:
11008:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10993:
10991:
10989:
10985:
10975:
10974:
10970:
10968:
10967:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10922:
10920:
10918:
10914:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10902:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10857:
10855:
10853:
10849:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10810:
10808:
10805:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10779:
10777:
10775:
10771:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10749:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10725:Diet of Worms
10723:
10721:
10720:
10716:
10715:
10714:
10711:
10710:
10708:
10706:
10702:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10659:
10656:
10655:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10634:
10631:
10630:
10628:
10626:
10625:Protestantism
10620:
10616:
10608:
10605:
10604:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10571:
10568:
10567:
10566:
10563:
10561:
10558:
10556:
10553:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10508:
10506:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10445:
10444:
10441:
10435:
10432:
10431:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10411:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10387:
10383:
10377:
10376:North America
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10306:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10276:
10274:
10272:
10266:
10260:
10257:
10253:
10250:
10249:
10248:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
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10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10200:
10197:
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10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10016:
10013:
10012:
10011:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10002:
9997:
9993:
9987:
9986:Early African
9984:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9969:Justin Martyr
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
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9945:
9941:
9938:
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9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9791:
9790:
9789:Life of Jesus
9787:
9785:
9782:
9781:
9779:
9777:Apostolic Age
9773:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
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9499:
9493:
9489:
9485:
9481:
9477:
9476:
9471:
9467:
9463:
9457:
9453:
9449:
9448:Schnelle, Udo
9445:
9441:
9435:
9431:
9427:
9423:
9419:
9415:
9411:
9407:
9401:
9397:
9396:
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9299:
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9283:
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9217:
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9212:
9207:
9203:
9199:
9193:
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9177:
9174:
9170:
9166:
9162:
9159:
9155:
9149:
9144:
9143:
9137:
9133:
9129:
9123:
9119:
9118:
9113:
9109:
9105:
9099:
9095:
9094:Paulist Press
9091:
9087:
9083:
9082:
9072:
9067:
9059:
9053:
9049:
9048:
9043:
9037:
9028:
9021:
9006:
8999:
8992:
8978:on 2017-04-25
8974:
8967:
8960:
8958:
8956:
8954:
8947:
8944:
8939:
8933:, ad. an. 201
8932:
8927:
8920:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8903:
8899:
8893:
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8882:
8875:
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8828:
8824:
8818:
8811:
8807:
8803:
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8795:
8791:
8787:
8783:
8777:
8775:
8773:
8771:
8769:
8767:
8765:
8763:
8754:
8750:
8746:
8742:
8738:
8734:
8727:
8719:
8713:
8699:on 2011-08-03
8698:
8694:
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8672:
8668:
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8653:
8645:
8639:
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8468:
8462:
8455:
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8409:
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8386:
8379:
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8368:
8362:
8360:
8352:
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8345:
8339:
8332:
8326:
8321:
8312:
8305:
8301:
8295:
8288:
8283:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8263:
8261:
8259:
8257:
8249:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8229:
8225:
8221:
8217:
8213:
8207:
8201:
8197:
8194:
8189:
8180:
8173:
8167:
8161:
8160:Priscilla, St
8157:
8153:
8149:
8144:
8128:
8122:
8114:
8108:
8102:
8097:
8083:
8079:
8073:
8059:
8055:
8049:
8041:
8035:
8031:
8030:
8025:
8019:
8012:
8011:
8004:
7998:
7993:
7986:
7982:
7977:
7971:
7970:
7963:
7957:
7952:
7945:
7940:
7933:
7928:
7920:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7905:
7900:
7894:
7887:
7885:
7878:
7871:
7870:great bishops
7867:
7863:
7860:
7855:
7849:
7844:
7838:
7832:
7824:
7818:
7814:
7810:
7806:
7802:
7796:
7790:
7785:
7779:
7773:
7766:
7764:
7757:
7750:
7746:
7742:
7738:
7734:
7730:
7726:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7708:
7704:
7699:
7695:
7693:
7686:
7680:
7679:
7675:
7668:
7662:
7657:
7649:
7645:
7641:
7637:
7633:
7627:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7608:
7601:
7599:
7592:
7585:
7581:
7575:
7568:
7567:González 2010
7563:
7555:
7549:
7545:
7544:
7536:
7529:
7525:
7524:
7518:
7512:
7507:
7500:
7498:
7492:
7487:
7480:
7475:
7468:
7463:
7457:
7449:
7445:
7441:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7404:
7396:
7388:
7384:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7346:
7340:
7334:
7328:
7320:
7316:
7312:
7306:
7302:
7298:
7294:
7290:
7286:
7282:
7276:
7274:
7265:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7219:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7185:
7181:
7177:
7173:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7160:
7150:
7144:
7136:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7118:
7114:
7110:
7104:
7102:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7073:
7069:
7065:
7064:
7056:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7036:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7008:
7004:
7001:(in French).
7000:
6996:
6989:
6983:
6976:
6974:
6973:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6950:
6946:
6940:
6934:
6927:
6925:
6921:
6907:
6903:
6902:
6897:
6893:
6892:Broydé, Isaac
6889:
6885:
6881:
6875:
6867:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6848:
6843:
6837:
6835:
6819:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6795:
6794:
6789:
6782:
6780:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6727:
6725:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6682:(Fall 2001).
6681:
6677:
6676:
6668:
6661:
6659:
6650:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6606:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6584:
6583:Galatians 2:9
6580:
6576:
6573:
6568:
6562:, p. 88.
6561:
6556:
6550:, p. 33.
6549:
6548:González 2010
6544:
6537:
6531:
6529:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6495:
6493:
6485:
6480:
6478:
6470:
6469:González 2010
6465:
6463:
6456:, p. 27.
6455:
6454:González 2010
6450:
6443:
6442:Mitchell 2006
6438:
6430:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6353:
6347:
6343:
6342:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6315:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6298:
6291:
6286:
6279:
6274:
6267:
6266:Mitchell 2006
6262:
6255:
6250:
6243:
6242:Chadwick 1993
6238:
6232:, p. 12.
6231:
6226:
6220:, p. 10.
6219:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6200:
6196:
6195:
6189:
6182:
6177:
6170:
6165:
6159:, p. 13.
6158:
6157:Chadwick 1993
6153:
6147:, p. 95.
6146:
6141:
6134:
6129:
6122:
6117:
6110:
6105:
6098:
6093:
6086:
6081:
6074:
6069:
6063:, p. 38.
6062:
6061:González 1987
6057:
6051:, p. 63.
6050:
6045:
6038:
6033:
6026:
6021:
6014:
6009:
6002:
6001:Schnelle 2020
5997:
5990:
5989:González 1987
5985:
5979:, p. 49.
5978:
5977:Schnelle 2020
5973:
5967:, p. 72.
5966:
5961:
5955:, p. 51.
5954:
5953:Schnelle 2020
5949:
5942:
5941:Schnelle 2020
5937:
5930:
5925:
5918:
5917:Schnelle 2020
5913:
5906:
5905:Schnelle 2020
5901:
5894:
5889:
5882:
5877:
5871:, p. 14.
5870:
5865:
5858:
5854:
5848:
5844:
5837:
5835:
5827:
5823:
5817:
5813:
5806:
5804:
5796:
5791:
5785:
5784:Bauer lexicon
5780:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5762:Scott, Robert
5759:
5755:
5746:
5739:
5733:
5717:
5713:
5706:
5702:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5550:New Testament
5547:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5522:the treasurer
5519:
5515:
5514:Jubail Church
5511:
5507:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5479:
5473:
5469:
5456:
5454:
5446:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5233:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5175:Apostolic Age
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5109:
5106:
5105:Periyar River
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5085:Malabar Coast
5081:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5064:
5063:Indo-Parthian
5060:
5056:
5055:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5028:According to
5023:
5019:
5018:Indo-Parthian
5014:
5004:
5001:
4993:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4967:This article
4965:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4871:Tiridates III
4868:
4864:
4860:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4729:Roman Britain
4724:
4717:Roman Britain
4714:
4712:
4709:, of note is
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4661:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4577:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4527:Acts 27:39–42
4524:
4520:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4466:Magna Graecia
4463:
4458:
4454:
4443:
4440:
4432:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4390: –
4389:
4385:
4384:Find sources:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4362:This section
4360:
4356:
4351:
4350:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4174:Southern Gaul
4171:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3995:Pope Victor I
3992:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3981:Pope Anicetus
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3950:patriarchates
3947:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3644:(present day
3643:
3642:Philippopolis
3639:
3636:(present day
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3600:, located in
3599:
3595:
3591:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
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3526:
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3514:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3405:Thessalonians
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3373:Apostolic See
3370:
3366:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3301:
3298:, said to be
3297:
3292:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3231:F. J. A. Hort
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3203:St. Pamphilus
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3113:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2913:
2910:showing the "
2909:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2870:metropolitans
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2721:
2720:Roman Antioch
2717:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2530:Tomb of Jesus
2527:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2502:
2490:Early centers
2487:
2485:
2481:
2470:
2459:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:fled to Pella
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2342:) called him
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:Antinomianism
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:Old Testament
2220:found in the
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2190:Hellenization
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2107: 130 AD
2101:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2044:fled to Pella
2041:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1979:Galatians 2:9
1976:
1972:
1969:) called him
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1914:Bargil Pixner
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1877:Keith Hopkins
1873:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1785:, capital of
1784:
1780:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1642:his suffering
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1528:Lord's Prayer
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1427:
1416:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:New Testament
1370:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1305:). After the
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:Old Testament
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:diaspora Jews
1187:
1183:
1182:Greek culture
1179:
1178:Hellenization
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1094:
1089: 142 BC
1079:
1074: 200 BC
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035: 516 BC
1029:
1028:Second Temple
1025:
1021:
1014:
1013:Israel Museum
1009:
1004:
998:
994:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:first century
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
865:Patristic era
862:
861:Apostolic Age
858:
854:
851:, as well as
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
819:, across the
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
779:
774:
772:
767:
765:
760:
759:
757:
756:
751:
746:
742:
741:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
723:
722:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
645:
644:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
587:
584:
581:
580:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
497:
493:
491:
490:
486:
484:
483:
479:
477:
476:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
448:
447:
443:
442:
441:
440:
437:
434:
433:
425:
422:
420:
419:Denominations
417:
416:
412:
411:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
311:
310:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
239:
234:
233:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
200:New Testament
198:
196:
195:Old Testament
193:
192:
185:
183:
180:
179:
175:
174:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
132:
129:
127:
124:
123:
119:
118:
114:
110:
109:
106:
103:
102:
98:
94:
93:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
12384:
12179:Architecture
12073:Confirmation
12021:Ecclesiology
11952:Original sin
11942:Nicene Creed
11739:Old Catholic
11623:Papal States
11555:Great Church
11521:Resurrection
11463:Christianity
11460:
11420:New Covenant
11371:(Scriptures)
11316:Christianity
11185:Charismatics
11168:
11147:Gospel music
11077:Camp meeting
11069:1789–present
11001:Missionaries
10971:
10964:
10955:Menno Simons
10899:
10895:Church music
10746:
10717:
10602:Conciliarism
10587:Papal Schism
10429:Scandinavian
10321:Great Schism
10299:Nestorianism
10271:Christianity
10203:priest holes
10084:Chalcedonian
10047:Christianity
10001:Great Church
9809:Resurrection
9649:
9564:
9549:
9535:
9520:
9474:
9451:
9421:
9394:
9363:
9335:
9311:
9261:
9257:
9234:
9210:
9185:
9164:
9141:
9116:
9089:
9086:Vidmar, John
9079:Bibliography
9071:Acts 8:26–27
9066:
9046:
9036:
9027:
9018:
9012:. Retrieved
9005:the original
8991:
8980:. Retrieved
8973:the original
8945:
8943:Christianity
8938:
8930:
8926:
8916:
8908:
8901:
8897:
8892:
8884:
8880:
8874:
8867:
8863:
8855:
8835:. Retrieved
8831:the original
8826:
8817:
8812:, pp. 49–59.
8809:
8805:
8801:
8793:
8789:
8785:
8781:
8736:
8732:
8726:
8712:
8701:. Retrieved
8697:the original
8687:
8662:
8658:
8652:
8633:
8627:
8611:
8602:
8596:
8572:
8565:
8551:
8541:
8533:
8524:
8517:
8509:
8504:
8496:
8491:
8470:
8467:Candida Moss
8461:
8453:
8448:
8440:
8435:, quoted in
8432:
8427:
8408:
8399:
8393:
8384:
8378:
8366:
8347:
8343:
8341:
8337:
8331:
8320:
8311:
8303:
8294:
8282:
8275:
8239:
8227:
8215:
8206:
8188:
8179:
8171:
8166:
8159:
8143:
8131:. Retrieved
8121:
8107:
8096:
8085:. Retrieved
8081:
8072:
8061:. Retrieved
8057:
8048:
8028:
8018:
8008:
8003:
7992:
7984:
7976:
7969:St. Barnabas
7968:
7962:
7951:
7939:
7927:
7903:
7893:
7883:
7877:
7858:
7854:
7843:
7836:
7831:
7812:
7801:Parvis, Paul
7795:
7784:
7777:
7772:
7762:
7756:
7722:
7714:
7691:
7685:
7677:
7673:
7667:
7656:
7621:
7607:
7602:, verses 3–4
7597:
7591:
7579:
7574:
7562:
7542:
7535:
7521:
7517:
7506:
7496:
7495:Epiphanius'
7486:
7474:
7462:
7456:
7407:
7401:
7395:
7358:
7352:
7339:
7333:
7327:
7288:
7241:
7175:
7149:
7143:
7112:
7067:
7061:
7055:
7045:– via
7002:
6998:
6988:
6982:
6970:
6958:
6953:Circumcised
6952:
6948:
6939:
6933:
6916:
6909:. Retrieved
6899:
6874:
6846:
6821:. Retrieved
6797:
6791:
6766:. Retrieved
6742:
6736:
6711:. Retrieved
6679:
6673:
6622:
6611:Cross, F. L.
6574:
6567:
6555:
6543:
6535:
6515:
6507:
6503:
6499:
6449:
6437:
6402:
6399:"James, St."
6391:Cross, F. L.
6340:
6307:
6297:
6290:Hopkins 1998
6285:
6278:McGrath 2013
6273:
6261:
6256:, p. 2.
6254:McGrath 2013
6249:
6237:
6230:McGrath 2013
6225:
6218:McGrath 2013
6192:
6188:
6176:
6171:, p. 7.
6169:McGrath 2013
6164:
6152:
6140:
6128:
6116:
6104:
6099:, p. 6.
6097:McGrath 2013
6092:
6080:
6068:
6056:
6044:
6032:
6020:
6008:
5996:
5984:
5972:
5960:
5948:
5936:
5924:
5912:
5900:
5888:
5876:
5869:McGrath 2013
5864:
5856:
5842:
5825:
5811:
5790:
5779:
5765:
5745:
5732:
5720:. Retrieved
5715:
5705:
5642:Christianity
5617:Christianity
5602:
5587:
5543:
5518:Saudi Arabia
5503:
5475:
5452:
5443:
5433:
5431:
5418:Christianity
5395:
5373:(modern-day
5357:
5338:
5319:
5282:
5267:
5257:
5243:
5236:
5230:
5217:
5204:evangelized
5199:
5183:
5179:Christianity
5153:Edessa (now
5152:
5142:
5128:
5110:
5082:
5067:
5058:
5052:
5050:
5027:
4996:
4987:
4968:
4891:
4883:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4826:
4797:
4726:
4663:
4646:, bishop of
4605:
4589:Adriatic Sea
4579:
4558:
4531:Acts 28:1–11
4516:
4460:
4435:
4426:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4383:
4371:Please help
4366:verification
4363:
4316:
4285:Adriatic Sea
4278:
4203:Rhone valley
4200:
4182:
4148:Latin Church
4112:African Rite
4097:
4086:
4042:, bishop of
4038:in 258 were
4033:
4014:
4006:Vetus Latina
3999:
3993:
3954:
3939:
3928:
3915:Roman mosaic
3895:
3886:
3878:whom he knew
3870:
3824:
3801:
3724:
3691:
3689:
3626:Danube River
3616:preached in
3606:Thracian Sea
3592:preached in
3588:
3561:
3539:from Malta.
3507:
3445:
3429:Epirus Vetus
3423:
3412:
3404:
3365:Thessalonica
3363:
3318:
3304:Old Damascus
3276:Acts 13:4–13
3258:
3239:Nicene Creed
3186:"suffragans"
3185:
3178:
3153:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3084:
3059:in 286. The
3047:. After the
3001:Greek colony
2956:
2940:
2930:
2907:
2899:
2832:
2757:Book of Acts
2739:
2687:
2650:
2580:
2560:Temple Mount
2545:
2535:
2476: 81–96
2465: 79–81
2454: 69–79
2432:
2412:
2360:
2308:
2305:
2289:New Covenant
2280:
2269:New Covenant
2237:circumcision
2234:
2155:
2138:
2111:
2097:
2082:Book of Acts
2075:
2066:
2033:
2017:brutal siege
2002:
1983:
1940:early church
1936:Book of Acts
1929:
1874:
1866:house church
1857:
1825:Thessalonica
1813:
1796:
1790:
1776:
1731:
1687: AD 56
1669:
1666: AD 95
1656:
1650:
1626:New Covenant
1623:
1618:
1585:virgin birth
1568:
1554:Fra Angelico
1549:
1532:12 Disciples
1512:Matthew 6:24
1492:Luke 6:28–35
1488:Matthew 5:44
1464:Jordan River
1454:, a city in
1449:
1437: AD 90
1433: AD 80
1422: AD 70
1411: AD 90
1407: AD 80
1380: AD 33
1371:, who lived
1358:
1327:
1283:Jewish kings
1266:
1265:
1222:
1202:Hebrew Bible
1167:
1128:
1124:Roman Empire
1120:client state
1041:. While the
1022:, a form of
1017:
939:North Africa
920:
907:
869:
821:Roman Empire
796:
793:Early Church
792:
788:
787:
654:Civilization
494:
487:
480:
473:
464:Old Catholic
444:
352:
302:Universalism
225:New Covenant
161:Resurrection
105:Christianity
76:
67:
48:
12440:Persecution
12375:Christendom
12368:Cooperation
12305:Charismatic
12216:Holy Spirit
12125:Natural law
12088:Holy orders
11937:Christology
11930:Holy Spirit
11799:Pentecostal
11779:Evangelical
11774:Charismatic
11618:Monasticism
11610:Middle Ages
11573:Constantine
11516:Crucifixion
11398:Foundations
11274:Catholicism
11211:Protestants
11205:Evangelical
10880:39 Articles
10875:Elizabethan
10852:Anglicanism
10832:Westminster
10742:Melanchthon
10705:Lutheranism
10670:Nicodemites
10648:Arminianism
10619:Reformation
10560:Bonaventure
10535:Inquisition
10530:Waldensians
10480:Investiture
10458:Kievan Rus'
10414:Anglo-Saxon
10394:Pelagianism
10386:Middle Ages
10309:Iconodulism
10184:Thomas More
10105:Catholicism
10027:Monasticism
10010:Constantine
9935:Persecution
9893:Adoptionism
9878:Ante-Nicene
9821:Holy Spirit
9804:Crucifixion
9775:Origins and
9676:2nd and 3rd
9268:: 185–226.
8902:Diatessaron
8827:stthoma.com
8274:), article
8158:), article
8148:Acts 18:1–2
7805:Bond, Helen
7765:at ccel.org
7479:Marcus 2006
7467:Marcus 2006
7418:: 373–391.
7365:: 459–477.
7180:Minneapolis
6959:glans penis
6823:13 February
6749:: 121–124.
6686:: 375–405.
6560:Marcus 2006
5795:Vidmar 2005
5738:Romans 16:5
5625:Monophysite
5506:Bartholomew
5427:Barba'shmin
5375:Afghanistan
5269:Diatessaron
5206:Mesopotamia
5046:Baluchistan
5038:Bartholomew
4751:(284–305).
4705:into Roman
4537:to Rome by
4189:persecution
4132:Caecilianus
4106:was to the
4021:Valentinius
3969:Pope Pius I
3868:as bishop.
3779:River Tiber
3553:Athenagoras
3332:Acts 9:1–20
3065:Constantine
2860:, of which
2846:Hellenistic
2603:Transjordan
2574:, thus the
2348:2nd-century
2257:his letters
2228:made their
2114:God-fearers
2069:(1570s) by
1994:Friday fast
1906:Last Supper
1808:Christianoi
1787:Roman Syria
1722:1st century
1564: 1446
1560: 1437
1520:Matthew 7:1
1504:Matthew 6:4
1502:in secret (
1376: 4 BC
1253:Roman Judea
1241:apocalyptic
1204:called the
1194:Koine Greek
1159:Apocalyptic
1055:high priest
935:Middle East
853:Phoenicians
542:Pentecostal
424:(full list)
398:Reformation
363:Constantine
282:Christology
272:Apologetics
265:Holy Spirit
186:Foundations
156:Crucifixion
62:introducing
12499:Categories
12354:Prosperity
12330:Liberation
12270:Cathedrals
12255:Pilgrimage
12240:Literature
12117:Philosophy
12053:Sacraments
12026:Four marks
11987:Protestant
11962:Born again
11759:Anabaptist
11749:Protestant
11691:Influences
11653:Modern era
11357:By country
10996:Revivalism
10917:Anabaptism
10865:Henry VIII
10690:Literature
10314:Iconoclasm
10294:Chrysostom
10247:Vatican II
10213:Jansenists
10199:Mass rocks
10135:Lateran IV
10054:Athanasius
9974:Tertullian
9918:Marcionism
9913:Gnosticism
9866:Revelation
9784:Background
9014:2023-04-25
8982:2010-01-08
8739:: 91–100.
8703:2010-01-08
8665:: 91–100.
8437:Volume XIV
8422:, canon VI
8385:foundation
8315:Franzen 26
8250:, p. 426.;
8087:2024-04-28
8063:2024-04-28
8007:Eusebius,
7997:Titus 3:12
7862:Alexandria
7789:Acts 11:26
7672:Socrates'
7596:Eusebius'
7210:1082543536
7078:: 72–101.
7047:Cairn.info
6955:barbarians
6804:: 1990–8.
6498:Eusebius,
6199:Bond (2012
5698:References
5650:Qasr Ibrim
5635:after the
5609:Alexandria
5605:Athanasius
5534:Alexandria
5530:Pantaneous
5510:Himyarites
5468:Ghassanids
5466:See also:
5391:Catholicos
5379:Tertullian
5324:, Persia,
5298:Diocletian
5248:, then by
5163:proselytes
4817:See also:
4805:after the
4777:Restitutus
4749:Diocletian
4737:Verulamium
4721:See also:
4658:See also:
4608:Andronicus
4574:See also:
4543:procurator
4496:See also:
4451:See also:
4429:April 2023
4399:newspapers
4311:See also:
4273:See also:
4195:See also:
4124:Roman Rite
4093:Tertullian
4062:See also:
3942:Alexandria
3790:God-fearer
3784:See also:
3755:See also:
3717:Mark 15:21
3701:Pentapolis
3684:See also:
3549:Aristeides
3529:Areopagite
3421:, c. 125.
3391:states of
3371:, thus an
3358:See also:
3309:See also:
3253:See also:
3215:St. Jerome
3209:(d. 270),
3123:See also:
2921:See also:
2896:Asia Minor
2884:(see also
2850:Septuagint
2838:Nile delta
2834:Alexandria
2811:See also:
2807:Alexandria
2726:See also:
2627:pilgrimage
2621:in nearby
2615:suffragans
2609:in AD 66.
2572:Tisha B'Av
2510:See also:
2499:See also:
2439:Great Fire
2352:Hegesippus
2265:Asia Minor
2178:Mosaic Law
2118:proselytes
1902:Mount Zion
1875:Historian
1817:Asia Minor
1708:procurator
1694: 120
1589:Son of God
1571:the Christ
1562: – c.
1494:), giving
1435: – c.
1409: – c.
1378: – c.
1331:Son of Man
1218:synagogues
1206:Septuagint
1196:, and the
1176:underwent
1131:monotheism
1112:Hasmoneans
1087: – c.
1085: 200
1072: – c.
1070: 301
1045:permitted
1037:after the
1001:See also:
923:Asia Minor
914:" in most
807:up to the
602:Irvingians
567:Waldensian
507:Anabaptist
496:Protestant
45:references
12430:Criticism
12380:Ecumenism
12344:Mysticism
12310:Democracy
12300:Anarchism
12287:Movements
12250:Mythology
12228:Catechism
12223:Education
12140:Evolution
12063:Eucharist
12046:Canon law
12004:Theotokos
11999:Mariology
11957:Salvation
11947:Tradition
11794:Methodist
11754:Adventist
11588:Chalcedon
11162:Ecumenism
11112:Adventism
11102:Mormonism
11038:Millerism
11033:Methodism
10988:1640–1789
10890:Civil War
10837:Orthodoxy
10792:Huguenots
10774:Calvinism
10759:Eucharist
10754:Orthodoxy
10638:Eucharist
10570:Five Ways
10520:Dulcinian
10473:Pomerania
10399:Gregory I
10243:Vatican I
10233:Modernism
10218:Molinists
10208:Guadalupe
10079:Chalcedon
10074:Ephesus I
10064:Augustine
9940:Apostolic
9923:Montanism
9888:Diversity
9664:Centuries
9506:0167-9732
9290:170769034
9282:1086-3184
8398:Schaff's
8325:Romans 16
8133:30 August
7741:Justinian
7690:Schaff's
7648:18366162M
7440:0048-1009
7432:1568-5365
7379:0021-9231
7319:0167-9732
7254:Routledge
7218:242771713
7084:0035-0907
7043:0295-5652
7025:2271-1880
6967:Greek art
6911:3 January
6768:3 January
6713:3 January
6512:Dan Jaffé
6181:Bond 2012
6121:Bond 2012
6085:Bond 2012
6073:Bond 2012
6049:Bond 2012
6025:Bond 2012
5893:Bond 2012
5652:in 1372.
5562:Jerusalem
5548:. In the
5410:Patriarch
5398:Shapur II
5387:Ctesiphon
5359:Bardaisan
5306:Sasanians
5155:Şanlıurfa
5022:St Thomas
4990:June 2019
4926:The Bible
4733:St. Alban
4616:Mitrovica
4601:martyrdom
4478:catacombs
4227:Marseille
4102:what the
4052:Maxentius
3940:Rome and
3921:in Rome,
3845:. In the
3794:Proselyte
3729:Acts 2:10
3725:Cyrenians
3713:Kitos War
3697:Cyrenaica
3630:Thracians
3622:Black Sea
3620:, on the
3594:Macedonia
3575:St. Titus
3541:Quadratus
3503:Dionysius
3499:Sosthenes
3487:Macedonia
3425:Nicopolis
3377:Macedonia
3300:Bab Kisan
3272:Acts 4:36
3101:Bosphorus
3081:Bosphorus
3077:Byzantium
3053:Nicomedia
3033:Montanism
2993:Black Sea
2941:near-east
2836:, in the
2680:Pentarchy
2599:Decapolis
2597:, in the
2506:Jerusalem
2447:Vespasian
2356:Sanhedrin
2277:salvation
2130:food laws
2086:Pentecost
1990:communion
1910:Pentecost
1853:Epainetus
1792:disciples
1630:salvation
1605:Ascension
1458:. He was
1245:end times
1229:Pharisees
1225:Sadducees
1172:when the
1155:Jerusalem
845:converted
829:Holy Land
815:from the
709:Symbolism
669:Ecumenism
659:Criticism
537:Moravian
532:Methodist
502:Adventist
373:Augustine
323:Tradition
297:Salvation
166:Ascension
12484:Category
12349:Pacifism
12163:features
12147:Politics
12100:Ablution
12068:Marriage
11972:Catholic
11902:Theology
11809:Reformed
11789:Lutheran
11784:Holiness
11764:Anglican
11734:Catholic
11638:Crusades
11583:Nicaea I
11533:Apostles
11506:Miracles
11501:Parables
11491:Ministry
11481:Nativity
11445:timeline
11342:Prophets
11337:Glossary
11254:Theology
11242:Missions
11237:Timeline
11209:Mainline
11157:Pacifism
11006:Baptists
10925:Theology
10885:Puritans
10860:Timeline
10802:Scotland
10730:Theology
10577:Wycliffe
10525:Crusades
10500:Bogomils
10453:Bulgaria
10409:Germanic
10361:Ethiopia
10259:Timeline
10037:Nicaea I
10032:Councils
9964:Irenaeus
9959:Ignatius
9954:Polycarp
9908:Donatism
9903:Docetism
9898:Arianism
9799:Ministry
9472:(1992).
9450:(2020).
9420:(eds.).
9392:(2013).
9362:(eds.).
9333:(2010).
9232:(2010).
9208:(1987).
9182:(1999).
9138:(1993).
9114:(2012).
9088:(2005).
8837:25 April
8549:(1887).
8469:(2013).
8416:Archived
8371:Time.com
8196:Archived
8026:(2009).
7981:Philippi
7901:(1997).
7866:St. Mark
7811:(eds.).
7731:and the
7640:20055584
7448:24735868
7283:(1992).
7246:New York
7111:(1998).
7092:44076024
6972:epispasm
6947:(1993).
6920:epispasm
6844:(2018).
6747:Elsevier
6708:29580193
6700:11568485
6504:Panarion
6314:Archived
5752:ἐκκλησία
5656:See also
5600:queens.
5566:baptised
5526:Eusebius
5499:Ethiopia
5472:Lakhmids
5448:—
5423:Shahdost
5383:Seleucia
5292:, under
5290:Barsamya
5286:Scharbîl
5259:Peshitta
5214:Eusebius
5208:(modern
5186:Parthian
5133:Mylapore
5125:Brahmins
4914:St. Nino
4809:c. 410.
4757:Tiberius
4745:Caerleon
4677:Hispalis
4644:Quirinus
4640:Pannonia
4636:Dalmatia
4620:Pannonia
4486:Calabria
4462:Syracuse
4323:Barnabas
4281:Aquileia
4269:Aquileia
4243:Anatolia
4235:Irenaeus
4058:Carthage
4054:in 306.
4044:Carthage
4036:Valerian
4029:Novatian
3985:Polycarp
3946:province
3827:martyred
3670:Bulgaria
3650:Silistra
3598:Philippi
3581:in 828.
3579:Abu Hafs
3557:Hygeinos
3437:Eusebius
3416:Polycarp
3409:Philippi
3397:Bulgaria
3348:baptized
3320:Damascus
3286:Damascus
3268:Barnabas
3223:Saracens
3219:Persians
3134:Caesarea
3107:Caesarea
3085:Anatolia
3021:Irenaeus
3013:Polycarp
2937:Anatolia
2793:Peshitta
2787:and the
2775:and the
2743:(modern
2688:See also
2623:Caesarea
2591:Eusebius
2469:Domitian
2443:martyred
2433:Emperor
2371:Eusebius
2309:See also
2281:See also
2210:foreskin
2174:Gentiles
2148:Barnabas
2036:Eusebius
1861:ekklēsia
1821:Philippi
1779:Damascus
1740:and the
1734:Apostles
1704:Tiberius
1699:Christus
1661:written
1653:Josephus
1644:and the
1576:Christos
1526:and the
1460:baptized
1452:Nazareth
1365:ministry
1315:Jeremiah
1291:prophets
1278:meshiach
1139:covenant
943:Anatolia
908:ekklesia
904:ἐκκλησία
876:apostles
843:who had
831:and the
811:in 325.
727:Glossary
674:Glossary
557:Reformed
527:Lutheran
512:Anglican
446:Catholic
388:Crusades
378:Ignatius
368:Councils
333:Apostles
238:Theology
151:Ministry
141:Nativity
97:a series
95:Part of
12413:Related
12206:Trinity
12171:Culture
12135:Science
12105:Hygiene
12095:Mission
12078:Penance
12058:Baptism
11994:Worship
11967:Liturgy
11915:Trinity
11826:Eastern
11804:Quakers
11769:Baptist
11726:Western
11716:members
11486:Baptism
11440:History
11430:Worship
11332:Outline
11247:Martyrs
11043:Pietism
10973:Ausbund
10945:Müntzer
10870:Cranmer
10817:Baptism
10782:Zwingli
10633:Erasmus
10582:Avignon
10565:Aquinas
10555:Francis
10550:Dominic
10510:Cathars
10505:Bosnian
10495:Bernard
10490:Abelard
10463:Moravia
10448:Bohemia
10434:Iceland
10356:Serbian
10336:Georgia
10331:Armenia
10269:Eastern
10170:Jesuits
9846:Gospels
9794:Baptism
9309:(ed.).
8921:, V, 23
8794:History
8753:3171466
8679:3171466
8388:Peter."
7778:Antioch
7737:council
7707:Antioch
7703:Cæsarea
7620:(ed.).
7387:3267745
6818:9623850
6763:6994325
6738:Urology
5770:at the
5722:May 28,
5646:Timothy
5629:Makuria
5598:Kushite
5590:Candace
5552:of the
5495:Solomon
5482:Bedouin
5438:Sozomen
5412:of the
5400:of the
5385:–
5371:Bactria
5367:Parthia
5330:Bactria
5326:Parthia
5312:(325).
5274:Rabbula
5171:Antioch
5121:Malacca
5117:Chennai
5097:Muziris
5093:Socotra
5076:or the
5042:Parthia
4976:Please
4894:Georgia
4888:Georgia
4859:Armenia
4831:Armenia
4675:, near
4673:Italica
4665:Seville
4654:Seville
4612:Syrmium
4593:Croatia
4555:Publius
4474:Cyprian
4413:scholar
4335:Ambrose
4215:Avignon
4146:of the
4040:Cyprian
4017:Marcion
3913:from a
3882:Acts 28
3839:Tacitus
3816:Corinth
3810:couple
3666:Chirpan
3646:Plovdiv
3634:Serdica
3604:on the
3545:Hadrian
3537:Publius
3521:Acts 17
3513:Piraeus
3475:Ephesus
3467:Timothy
3451:Corinth
3407:and to
3403:to the
3393:Albania
3344:Ananias
3340:26:1–24
3336:22:1–22
3195:Hexapla
2953:Ephesus
2947:). The
2906:Map of
2892:sects.
2890:Gnostic
2745:Antakya
2741:Antioch
2712:Antakya
2698:Antioch
2613:became
2556:himself
2552:Jupiter
2538:Hadrian
2416:theater
2387:Cenacle
2214:Acts 15
2192:of the
2094:kinsmen
1898:Cenacle
1837:Corinth
1803:Acts 11
1783:Antioch
1706:by the
1680:Tacitus
1516:Luke 16
1500:fasting
1462:in the
1456:Galilee
1439:), and
1400:Matthew
1319:Ezekiel
1287:priests
1268:Messiah
1257:Galilee
1249:Zealots
1233:Essenes
1122:of the
1024:Judaism
982:Origins
977:History
959:Armenia
931:Balkans
855:, i.e.
827:in the
803:of the
737:Outline
714:Worship
694:Outline
684:Liturgy
664:Culture
517:Baptist
457:Eastern
393:Aquinas
318:History
292:Mission
277:Baptism
250:Trinity
146:Baptism
58:improve
12130:Ethics
12011:Saints
11920:Father
11839:Church
11451:spread
11415:Gospel
11405:Church
11347:People
10935:Grebel
10787:Calvin
10713:Luther
10607:Synods
10485:Anselm
10468:Poland
10424:Gothic
10419:Franks
10404:Celtic
10371:Russia
10351:Syriac
10341:Greece
10228:Teresa
10175:Xavier
10113:Papacy
10059:Jerome
9979:Origen
9880:period
9655:Spread
9571:
9556:
9542:
9527:
9504:
9494:
9484:Leiden
9458:
9436:
9402:
9378:
9343:
9319:
9296:
9288:
9280:
9242:
9218:
9194:
9171:
9150:
9124:
9100:
9054:
8751:
8677:
8640:
8584:
8479:
8270:
8246:
8234:
8222:
8154:
8036:
7915:
7819:
7646:
7638:
7628:
7550:
7523:Annals
7446:
7438:
7430:
7412:Leiden
7385:
7377:
7317:
7307:
7297:Leiden
7260:
7250:London
7216:
7208:
7198:
7131:
7090:
7082:
7072:Leuven
7041:
7031:
7023:
6965:. For
6862:
6852:London
6816:
6761:
6706:
6698:
6645:
6627:Oxford
6514:(ed),
6425:
6407:Oxford
6348:
6194:Annals
5849:
5818:
5613:Philae
5582:Eunuch
5408:, the
5349:Tigris
5345:Arbela
5328:, and
5302:Persia
5294:Decius
5264:Tatian
5226:Thomas
5159:Syriac
5148:Persia
5144:Edessa
5101:Cochin
5089:Arabia
5070:Kerala
5034:Thomas
4948:, and
4910:Iberia
4906:Kartli
4902:Andrew
4765:Lucius
4753:Gildas
4648:Siscia
4630:. The
4628:Mursia
4624:Siscia
4581:Salona
4570:Salona
4563:Athens
4523:Sicily
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4386:
4261:. The
4239:Smyrna
4225:, and
4219:Vienne
4152:Berber
4070:, and
4002:Jerome
3979:; and
3925:410 AD
3854:bishop
3796:, and
3745:Lucius
3693:Cyrene
3656:. The
3618:Thrace
3602:Thrace
3585:Thrace
3563:Gortyn
3509:Athens
3501:, and
3471:Apollo
3441:Origen
3389:Balkan
3385:Epirus
3383:, and
3381:Thrace
3354:Greece
3264:Cyprus
3260:Paphos
3249:Cyprus
3191:Origen
3127:, and
3073:Nicaea
3039:, and
3017:Smyrna
2999:was a
2997:Pontus
2977:Tarsus
2916:Patmos
2882:Easter
2827:, and
2734:, and
2716:Gospel
2631:Helena
2456:) and
2428:Celsus
2299:, and
2206:Romans
2021:
2013:
2005:Simeon
1833:Athens
1798:saints
1766:Paphos
1609:Heaven
1540:"lost"
1508:Mammon
1484:repent
1317:, and
1311:Isaiah
1273:Hebrew
1231:, and
1116:
1108:
1106:in 167
1030:built
965:, and
963:Greece
933:, the
929:, the
927:Arabia
912:church
900:church
817:Levant
748:
704:Sermon
699:Prayer
552:Quaker
436:Nicene
403:Luther
255:Father
215:Church
205:Gospel
131:Christ
47:, but
12339:Right
12245:Music
12196:Jesus
12161:Other
12016:Angel
11471:Jesus
11461:Early
11410:Creed
11379:Canon
11367:Bible
11327:Index
11169:solae
11167:Five
10960:Smyth
10812:TULIP
10735:Bible
10443:Slavs
10346:Egypt
10304:Icons
10155:Trent
10145:Leo X
10042:Creed
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