135:
1115:
816:
758:
936:
1045:
932:). Each council has authority over its constituents, and the representatives at each level are expected to use their own judgment. For example, each session approves and installs its own elders, and each presbytery approves the ministers serving within its territory and the connections between those ministers and particular congregations. Hence higher level councils act as courts of appeal for church trials and disputes, and it is not uncommon to see rulings and decisions overturned.
1006:
869:
1304:
38:
658:
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976:(1618/1619) will, in general, consider their levels of government "broader" rather than "higher" courts. Additionally, the reformed classis is a temporary, delegated body, so the minister is firstly a member of his congregation as opposed to the standing presbytery.
1248:
is considered desirable in some (esp. reformed) traditions, preferring two or more officers in the local church. The contrasts with singular models often found in Roman
Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican churches, or the "pastor/president" system of some
1021:
dispense titles such as "Popes, Patriarchs, Cardinals, Arch-Bishops, Lord-Bishops, Arch-Deacons, Officials, Commissaries, and the like". The congregation has its being without any ministers and is enabled to elect and install its own officers.
831:
churches use a derivative of episcopalianism known as connexional polity. It emphasizes essential interdependence through fellowship, consultation, government and oversight. Some
Methodist churches have
988:
1162:
may be used to describe functionaries in minor leadership roles, such as a leader of an individual congregation; it may also be used as an honorific, particularly within the
1284:
Conversely, one minister may serve in two roles. A pastor with two churches may be said to have a "dual charge". In the Church of
England, two or more otherwise independent
1174:
Although a church's polity determines its ministers and discipline, it need not affect relations with other
Christian organizations. The unity of a church is an essential
983:
arguably contains a kind of lay presbyterian polity. Governance by bishops is paralleled by a system of deputies, who are lay and clerical representatives elected by
3455:
1041:
The number of offices in the church generally ranges from two (elder & deacon) to four (pastor, teacher, ruling elder & deacon) in congregational churches.
1754:
1182:, but because the divisions between churches presuppose the absence of mutual authority, internal polity does not directly answer how these divisions are treated.
1146:(LDS Church), are unique. Some have hierarchies similar to an episcopal polity, but may be more complex, with additional levels. Leaders are not always called
1893:
A study of the conflict and prestige of episcopal church authority with other forms of church polity as they affect inter-Christian relations and ecumenism.
554:
and "theological debate about the nature, location, and exercise of authority, in the church" has been ongoing ever since. The first act recorded after the
847:
as the principle that "all leaders and congregations are connected in a network of loyalties and commitments that support, yet supersede, local concerns."
1937:
1322:
980:
1143:
472:
195:
754:
councils. Patterns of authority are subject to a wide variety of historical rights and honours which may cut across simple lines of authority.
914:
or, informally, just elders) are elected by the congregation. The session sends representatives to the next level higher council, called the
2736:
725:. These synods, subject to precedency by higher ranking bishops, may govern the dioceses which are represented in the council, though the
463:
1327:
1123:
102:
3019:
2889:
1820:
74:
1930:
619:
as the former term "containeth both government and also whatsoever besides belongeth to the ordering of the Church in public."
3367:
2746:
2235:
1266:
929:
55:
1885:
1864:
1793:
1763:
1718:
798:
381:
81:
3154:
2386:
1119:
839:
Connexionalism is sometimes identified as an organization, while other times as relationship or theological principle. The
591:
508:
3253:
2829:
188:
2341:
1923:
970:) can also be described as presbyterian, with a few key differences. Continental churches that historically follow the
88:
892:
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3004:
2023:
1606:
1587:
432:
262:
121:
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3104:
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1317:
437:
70:
851:
3802:
3757:
3641:
3587:
1386:
1073:
356:
181:
59:
585:, and consequently different Protestant bodies organized into different types of polities. During this period
3762:
2726:
17:
972:
3797:
3536:
2944:
2625:
1131:
1872:
A study of religious authority (especially pp. 97–218) as well as the secular authority of the state.
1034:, or convention. Broader assemblies formed by delegates from congregationally governed churches (e.g. the
3704:
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3572:
3340:
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2261:
2255:
2131:
1976:
1035:
480:
3178:
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2153:
2115:
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916:
376:
1909:
1459:
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134:
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of the diocese and represents the diocese both secularly and in the hierarchy of church governance.
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2319:
2304:
2250:
2245:
640:
501:
457:
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351:
247:
95:
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A minority of
Methodist denominations use another non-connexional form of government, such as the
3335:
2664:
2597:
2356:
2053:
1231:, the churches are autonomous, though the majority of members are organizationally united in the
1190:
1061:
1053:
1031:
1018:
840:
794:
237:
48:
3059:
1788:. McGrade, Arthur Stephen (ed.). Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. xv–cix.
872:
A diagram of presbyterian polity according to The Form of
Presbyterial Church Government (1646).
746:. Instead, some authority may be held by synods and colleges of bishops, and other authority by
3689:
3646:
3625:
3615:
3498:
3248:
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2430:
2366:
2168:
1135:
951:
574:
529:
427:
361:
267:
1904:
761:
An
Anglican deacon, bishop and priest. Priests are usually former deacons in episcopal polity.
581:
prescribed an ecclesiastical government different from the episcopal polity maintained by the
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3518:
3513:
3445:
3417:
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2120:
2100:
2068:
2001:
1745:
1217:
1000:
967:
525:
401:
391:
169:
1114:
3620:
3610:
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3139:
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2495:
2215:
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1971:
1812:
1749:
1737:
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may involve officers of other churches, especially when the church participates in a local
943:
903:
550:
533:
331:
8:
3775:
3744:
3582:
3551:
3382:
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3094:
2999:
2796:
2718:
2694:
2521:
2210:
2011:
1954:
1826:
1658:
1484:
1309:
863:
707:
636:
494:
336:
326:
212:
164:
1626:
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3089:
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2145:
2125:
1946:
1262:
1232:
1202:
1139:
1102:
As a "self-governed voluntary institution", it could be considered a type of religious
1084:
1017:, like presbyterianism, but retains the autonomy (lit. self-rule) of the local church.
833:
366:
321:
272:
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3402:
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2559:
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1853:
1789:
1759:
1714:
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596:
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Questions of church government were documented early on in the first chapters of the
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2839:
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2516:
2441:
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2095:
1986:
1559:
1409:
1185:
For example, among churches of episcopal polity, different theories are expressed:
770:
652:
628:
371:
294:
154:
1855:
Freedom and
Authority: A Study of English Thought in the Early Seventeenth Century
1027:
815:
757:
3739:
3734:
3714:
3503:
3488:
3377:
3345:
3316:
3268:
2879:
2806:
2761:
2467:
2447:
2048:
1254:
1221:
877:
595:, the first volumes of which were published in 1594, to defend the polity of the
582:
563:
396:
386:
341:
257:
1547:
935:
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3275:
3054:
2964:
2640:
2619:
2607:
2554:
2376:
2336:
2309:
2110:
2086:
2043:
1996:
1981:
1785:
1564:
1382:
810:
632:
586:
567:
559:
242:
159:
1220:
understands herself as a single polity whose supreme earthly authority is the
1009:
A diagram of congregational polity according to the
Cambridge Platform (1648).
536:
offices or an authority structure between churches. Polity relates closely to
3791:
3541:
3407:
3204:
3194:
3024:
2771:
2756:
2741:
2704:
2689:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2425:
2277:
2158:
2058:
1782:
Of the Laws of
Ecclesiastical Polity: A Critical Edition with Modern Spelling
1573:
1278:
1250:
1210:
1049:
836:, but those individuals are not nearly as powerful as in episcopal churches.
578:
1631:. University of California Libraries. Boston, Nichols and Noyes. p. 67.
1044:
884:). The lowest level council governs a single local church and is called the
3724:
3694:
3412:
3199:
3189:
2781:
2544:
2477:
2452:
2417:
2325:
2173:
2063:
2038:
1816:
1688:
1198:
1179:
886:
692:
688:
608:
537:
252:
138:
The apostles Peter and John laying hands in ordination. Illustration, 1873.
954:, still called a cathedral despite no longer serving as an episcopal seat.
3729:
3719:
3709:
3546:
3422:
3302:
3144:
3129:
3114:
3109:
2994:
2969:
2791:
2654:
2435:
2272:
2091:
2033:
1359:
1258:
1228:
828:
790:
1805:
Biblical Eldership: An Urgent Call to Restore Biblical Church Leadership
1741:
1005:
3427:
3287:
2959:
2914:
2854:
2844:
2751:
2635:
2630:
2502:
2205:
2028:
1963:
1206:
1023:
703:
684:
220:
868:
3561:
3295:
3159:
3134:
3124:
3029:
3009:
2849:
2731:
2602:
2485:
2381:
2314:
1915:
1103:
1014:
947:
939:
910:) is a member of and presides over the session; lay representatives (
824:
782:
731:
711:
37:
3119:
2949:
2564:
2549:
2462:
2401:
2183:
1991:
1270:
1194:
1175:
1065:
786:
778:
766:
702:
Bishops may be subject to higher ranking bishops (variously called
657:
991:
requires the separate consent of the bishops and of the deputies.
3770:
3508:
3437:
3149:
3044:
3039:
2869:
2801:
2776:
2684:
2225:
2078:
1807:(3rd ed.). Littleton, Colorado: Lewis & Roth Publishers.
1635:
1303:
1069:
924:. In some Presbyterian churches there are higher level councils (
683:, which is both sacramental and political; as well as performing
680:
600:
987:
and, at the national level, by the dioceses. Legislation in the
2659:
2527:
1822:
Pagan Christianity: Exploring the Roots of Our Church Practices
1393:. Vol. 1. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. p. 297.
984:
751:
736:
717:
696:
666:
3034:
2539:
925:
747:
726:
722:
670:
603:
objections. It is from the title of this work that the term
1515:
1201:, i. e., subjection to the authority of councils, such as
789:
churches, as well as amongst some of the African-American
742:
Churches governed by episcopacy do not simply adhere to a
679:. In the Catholic Church, bishops have authority over the
1083:
Historic statements of congregational polity include the
946:
were incompatible with the presbyterian polity taught by
1880:. Richmond, Virginia: John Knox Press (published 1969).
1755:
The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
819:
The ordination of Methodist Bishop Francis Asbury, 1784.
1825:. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House. Archived from
1527:
1489:
Sharing God's Gifts: Glossary of United Methodist Terms
966:
are not identical. Continental reformed churches (e.g.
1150:, in some cases they have secular-like titles such as
1428:
1349:
1347:
1299:
1878:
Power without Glory: A Study in Ecumenical Politics
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1852:
1713:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
1277:. Advocates claim biblical precedent, citing that
1197:but are held to be unified by common doctrine and
1169:
729:may also be purely advisory. In episcopal polity,
1859:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Westminster Press.
1503:
1440:
1344:
1281:churches appear to all have had multiple elders.
665:Churches having episcopal polity are governed by
3789:
1080:because of the relative prevalence of Baptists.
1038:) do not have power to rule their constituents.
981:Episcopal Church in the United States of America
524:is the government of a church. There are local (
1323:Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses
1144:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
765:Episcopal polity is the predominant pattern in
1780:McGrade, Arthur Stephen (2013). Introduction.
1736:
1365:
1931:
1076:. Congregational polity is sometimes called
669:. The title bishop comes from the Greek word
502:
189:
1690:Richard Hooker and His Theory of Anglicanism
1253:churches. This is commonly encouraged among
1239:
1060:Churches with congregational polity include
880:are governed by a hierarchy of councils (or
3077:
1730:Introduction to the History of Christianity
1130:Other religious organizations, for example
1938:
1924:
1811:
1645:
1328:Polity of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
906:of the church (sometimes referred to as a
509:
495:
196:
182:
1875:
1732:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press.
1563:
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1742:"'Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity'"
1113:
1043:
1004:
994:
934:
867:
814:
756:
656:
627:There are four general types of polity:
133:
1802:
1779:
1758:. New York: Bartleby (published 2000).
1696:(MA thesis). Chicago: Loyola University
1641:
1369:
1209:, and the former standing council, the
540:, the theological study of the church.
14:
3790:
3368:Conditional preservation of the saints
3177:
1945:
1727:
1711:Christian Law: Contemporary Principles
1624:
1552:STJ | Stellenbosch Theological Journal
1460:"The many meanings of connectionalism"
1434:
1381:
1235:, which has no governmental authority.
1013:Congregational polity is historically
857:
607:may have originated. With respect to
3226:
3176:
3076:
2901:
1919:
1850:
1686:
1545:
1396:
1052:", who held office in congregational
804:
799:Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship
532:. A church's polity may describe its
1391:Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
592:Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
3254:Christian views on the Old Covenant
2902:
1708:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1446:
1353:
646:
528:) forms of organization as well as
24:
1843:
1580:
1548:"Dort, Doleantie and Church Order"
25:
3819:
3685:Attributes of God in Christianity
3227:
1898:
433:Sustainable Governance Indicators
3769:
1318:Hierarchy of the Catholic Church
1302:
1118:The LDS Church is governed by a
721:) They also meet in councils or
714:, depending upon the tradition;
438:Bertelsmann Transformation Index
36:
27:Government of Christian churches
1679:
1651:
1618:
1599:
1546:Faber, Ryan (22 January 2021).
1539:
1170:Polity, autonomy, and ecumenism
1074:Non-denominational Christianity
852:Congregational Methodist Church
781:churches. It is common in some
47:needs additional citations for
3758:Lists of Christian theologians
3456:Separation of church and state
1477:
1452:
1402:
1375:
1193:, the various churches retain
1109:
661:A diagram of episcopal polity.
577:, reformers asserted that the
13:
1:
3763:Outline of Christian theology
2727:History of Christian theology
1625:Dexter, Henry Martyn (1865).
1464:United Methodist News Service
1333:
3537:Baptism with the Holy Spirit
1687:Becic, Marilyn Jean (1959).
1338:
695:, the bishop supervises the
611:, Hooker preferred the term
7:
3705:Love of God in Christianity
3573:Christian reconstructionism
3341:Priesthood of all believers
2262:extra Ecclesiam nulla salus
1803:Strauch, Alexander (1995).
1295:
1056:, Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1036:Southern Baptist Convention
481:Market governance mechanism
464:Governance, risk management
10:
3824:
1738:Foakes-Jackson, F. J.
1565:10.17570/stj.2020.v6n4.a10
998:
861:
808:
650:
543:
473:Environmental, social, and
3753:
3677:
3634:
3601:
3560:
3527:
3464:
3436:
3393:
3239:
3235:
3222:
3185:
3172:
3085:
3072:
2910:
2897:
2888:
2815:
2737:Calvinist–Arminian debate
2717:
2573:
2476:
2416:
2201:
2192:
2144:
2077:
2019:
2010:
1962:
1953:
1851:Cragg, Gerald R. (1975).
1728:Dowley, Tim, ed. (2002).
1491:. United Methodist Church
1240:Plurality and singularity
1124:Quorum of Twelve Apostles
973:Church Order of Dordrecht
896:; its members are called
556:Ascension of Jesus Christ
3474:Confessional Lutheranism
1524:, pp. 123, 150–151.
1097:Second London Confession
950:. This statue stands in
622:
458:Chief governance officer
3808:Ecclesiastical polities
3336:Protestant ecclesiology
3079:Eastern Orthodox Church
1910:Encyclopædia Britannica
1876:Henderson, Ian (1967).
1659:"Glossary of key terms"
1054:First Church in Roxbury
1019:Congregational churches
841:United Methodist Church
795:Church of God in Christ
793:traditions such as the
671:
71:"Ecclesiastical polity"
3690:Christian universalism
3626:Wesleyan Quadrilateral
3616:Imparted righteousness
3499:Lutheran scholasticism
3353:Protestant Soteriology
1646:Viola & Barna 2008
1614:. London. 1652 . VI.1.
1608:The Cambridge Platform
1589:The Cambridge Platform
1127:
1057:
1010:
955:
873:
820:
762:
675:, which translates as
662:
575:Protestant Reformation
428:World Governance Index
139:
3803:Christian terminology
3700:Grace in Christianity
3514:Theology of the Cross
2955:Immaculate Conception
2650:New Covenant theology
2069:Social trinitarianism
1905:Ecclesiastical polity
1218:Roman Catholic Church
1132:Seventh-day Adventist
1117:
1047:
1008:
1001:Congregational polity
995:Congregational polity
962:and the Presbyterian
938:
871:
818:
760:
660:
605:ecclesiastical polity
522:Ecclesiastical polity
146:Ecclesiastical polity
137:
3621:Second work of grace
3611:Christian perfection
3479:Evangelical Catholic
3363:Conditional election
3281:Evangelical theology
2920:Apostolic succession
2236:Conditional Security
1709:Doe, Norman (2013).
1663:www.crockford.org.uk
1536:, pp. 123, 151.
1292:by a single priest.
735:(elder) refers to a
558:was the election of
551:Acts of the Apostles
475:corporate governance
56:improve this article
3798:Church organization
3776:Christianity portal
3745:Unlimited atonement
3552:Prosperity theology
3383:Unlimited atonement
3095:Cataphatic theology
3000:Papal infallibility
2945:Ecumenical Councils
2797:Counter-Reformation
1414:Merriam-Webster.com
1387:Morris, Christopher
1366:Foakes-Jackson 1909
1310:Christianity portal
1267:Disciples of Christ
1246:plurality of elders
1203:ecumenical councils
1136:Jehovah's Witnesses
864:Presbyterian polity
858:Presbyterian polity
3588:Lordship salvation
3494:Lutheran orthodoxy
3446:Believer's baptism
3179:Oriental Orthodoxy
3090:Apophatic theology
3050:Transubstantiation
2935:Christian humanism
2925:Assumption of Mary
1947:Christian theology
1750:Waller, A. R.
1628:Congregationalism:
1263:Churches of Christ
1233:Anglican Communion
1140:the Salvation Army
1128:
1085:Cambridge Platform
1062:Congregationalists
1058:
1011:
989:general convention
956:
930:general assemblies
874:
821:
805:Connexional polity
763:
663:
140:
3785:
3784:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3652:Messianic Judaism
3451:Immersion baptism
3403:Anglo-Catholicism
3264:Dispensationalism
3259:Covenant theology
3218:
3217:
3210:Aphthartodocetism
3168:
3167:
3068:
3067:
2713:
2712:
2593:Dispensationalism
2560:Church discipline
2412:
2411:
2392:Union with Christ
2164:Angelic hierarchy
2140:
2139:
1887:978-0-8042-1497-1
1866:978-0-664-20738-0
1795:978-0-19-960491-3
1765:978-1-58734-073-4
1720:978-1-107-00692-8
1275:Plymouth Brethren
1191:Eastern Orthodoxy
1164:Holiness movement
1093:Saybrook Platform
1089:Savoy Declaration
878:Reformed churches
775:Oriental Orthodox
597:Church of England
519:
518:
206:
205:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
3815:
3773:
3565:
3373:Prevenient grace
3237:
3236:
3224:
3223:
3174:
3173:
3105:Essence–energies
3074:
3073:
3015:Quartodecimanism
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2807:Great Awakenings
2442:Incurvatus in se
2199:
2198:
2096:Hypostatic union
2017:
2016:
1987:Biblical studies
1960:
1959:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1891:
1870:
1858:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1808:
1799:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1746:Ward, A. W.
1733:
1724:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1655:
1649:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1379:
1373:
1372:, p. xxxii.
1363:
1357:
1351:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1288:may be 'held in
771:Eastern Orthodox
744:chain of command
674:
653:Episcopal polity
647:Episcopal polity
511:
504:
497:
357:Higher education
263:Multistakeholder
208:
207:
198:
191:
184:
142:
141:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3749:
3740:Problem of Hell
3735:Problem of evil
3715:Omnibenevolence
3661:
3630:
3597:
3563:
3556:
3523:
3504:Neo-Lutheranism
3489:Loci Theologici
3460:
3432:
3389:
3378:Total depravity
3346:Church covenant
3317:Soli Deo gloria
3269:Supersessionism
3231:
3214:
3181:
3164:
3081:
3064:
2906:
2904:Catholic Church
2884:
2811:
2762:Semipelagianism
2709:
2620:A-millennialism
2569:
2472:
2468:Total depravity
2448:Occasion of sin
2408:
2188:
2136:
2073:
2049:Theology proper
2006:
1949:
1944:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1871:
1867:
1846:
1844:Further reading
1841:
1832:
1830:
1796:
1786:Hooker, Richard
1770:
1768:
1766:
1721:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1682:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1640:
1636:
1623:
1619:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1595:. 1652 . VII.6.
1592:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1383:Hooker, Richard
1380:
1376:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1242:
1222:Supreme Pontiff
1172:
1112:
1003:
997:
866:
860:
813:
807:
655:
649:
625:
583:Catholic Church
564:Twelve Apostles
546:
515:
486:
485:
477:
474:
468:
465:
453:
452:
443:
442:
423:
422:
413:
412:
411:
382:Security sector
377:Political party
316:
315:
306:
305:
304:
289:
288:
279:
278:
277:
232:
231:
202:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3821:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3657:Restorationism
3654:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3593:Predestination
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3569:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3529:Pentecostalist
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3333:
3331:Fundamentalism
3328:
3324:Solus Christus
3320:
3313:
3310:Sola scriptura
3306:
3299:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3276:Evangelicalism
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3233:
3232:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3055:Ultramontanism
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2965:Infant baptism
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2940:Traditionalism
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2643:
2641:Apocalypticism
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2608:Millenarianism
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2555:Full communion
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2525:
2519:
2514:
2512:Congregational
2505:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2377:Sanctification
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2347:Reconciliation
2344:
2342:Recapitulation
2339:
2337:Predestination
2334:
2329:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2310:Means of grace
2307:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2111:Christocentric
2108:
2103:
2098:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2044:Theocentricism
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1997:Law and Gospel
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1900:
1899:External links
1897:
1895:
1894:
1886:
1873:
1865:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1829:on 2 July 2010
1809:
1800:
1794:
1777:
1764:
1734:
1725:
1719:
1706:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1650:
1634:
1617:
1598:
1579:
1558:(2): 235–252.
1538:
1526:
1514:
1512:, p. 123.
1502:
1476:
1451:
1449:, p. 122.
1439:
1437:, p. 646.
1427:
1401:
1374:
1358:
1356:, p. 118.
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1297:
1294:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1225:
1214:
1211:Endemusa Synod
1171:
1168:
1111:
1108:
1078:Baptist polity
999:Main article:
996:
993:
942:churches like
908:teaching elder
862:Main article:
859:
856:
811:Connexionalism
809:Main article:
806:
803:
651:Main article:
648:
645:
641:congregational
624:
621:
587:Richard Hooker
568:Judas Iscariot
562:as one of the
560:Saint Matthias
545:
542:
530:denominational
526:congregational
517:
516:
514:
513:
506:
499:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
478:
471:
469:
466:and compliance
462:
460:
454:
451:Related topics
450:
449:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
435:
430:
424:
420:
419:
418:
415:
414:
410:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
347:Ecclesiastical
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
318:
317:
313:
312:
311:
308:
307:
303:
302:
297:
291:
290:
286:
285:
284:
281:
280:
276:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
234:
233:
229:
228:
227:
224:
223:
217:
216:
204:
203:
201:
200:
193:
186:
178:
175:
174:
173:
172:
170:Congregational
167:
162:
157:
149:
148:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3820:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Faith healing
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:Center church
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:Branch theory
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3229:Protestantism
3225:
3221:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:Monothelitism
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Monophysitism
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:Sacerdotalism
3023:
3021:
3020:Real presence
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Scholasticism
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:Caesaropapism
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:Apostolic Age
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2705:War in Heaven
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Second Coming
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:New Jerusalem
2678:
2676:
2675:Millennialism
2673:
2671:
2670:Last Judgment
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:Mortification
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Justification
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:Glorification
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2174:Fallen angels
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
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1050:Samuel Chapin
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579:New Testament
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566:, to replace
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72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
18:Church polity
3774:
3725:Omnipresence
3695:Divine mercy
3519:Two kingdoms
3413:Broad church
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3289:
3200:Monoenergism
3190:Miaphysitism
2890:By tradition
2830:Biblical law
2782:Conciliarism
2648: /
2618: /
2614: /
2545:Conciliarity
2522:Presbyterian
2507:
2478:Ecclesiology
2453:Original sin
2440:
2431:Anthropology
2418:Hamartiology
2367:Resurrection
2357:Regeneration
2332:Perseverance
2326:Ordo salutis
2324:
2288:Irresistible
2260:
2256:Eternal life
2246:Divinization
2121:Resurrection
2064:Perichoresis
2054:Immutability
2039:Pneumatology
2002:Hermeneutics
1977:Preservation
1908:
1877:
1854:
1831:. Retrieved
1827:the original
1821:
1813:Viola, Frank
1804:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1753:
1729:
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1689:
1680:Bibliography
1666:. Retrieved
1662:
1653:
1642:Strauch 1995
1637:
1627:
1620:
1607:
1601:
1588:
1582:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1488:
1485:"Connection"
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1413:
1404:
1390:
1377:
1370:McGrade 2013
1361:
1289:
1283:
1245:
1243:
1199:conciliarity
1184:
1180:ecclesiology
1173:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1129:
1101:
1082:
1077:
1072:and much of
1059:
1040:
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978:
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911:
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838:
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764:
741:
730:
716:see article
715:
701:
676:
664:
637:presbyterian
626:
616:
612:
609:ecclesiology
604:
590:
572:
549:
547:
538:ecclesiology
521:
520:
346:
165:Presbyterian
145:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
3730:Omniscience
3720:Omnipotence
3710:Love of God
3564:(Calvinist)
3547:Glossolalia
3423:High church
3303:Sola gratia
3145:Tabor Light
3130:Proskynesis
3115:Metousiosis
3110:Gnomic will
2995:Natural law
2970:Josephology
2960:Indulgences
2825:Apologetics
2792:Reformation
2787:Renaissance
2700:Tribulation
2583:Historicism
2575:Eschatology
2273:Forgiveness
2194:Soteriology
2132:Holy Spirit
2116:Incarnation
2034:Christology
1972:Inspiration
1435:Dowley 2002
1259:Pentecostal
1229:Anglicanism
1207:Holy Synods
1158:. The term
1110:Other forms
1032:association
944:St. Andrews
791:Pentecostal
704:archbishops
685:ordinations
633:connexional
573:During the
534:ministerial
362:Information
268:Open-source
238:Algorithmic
160:Connexional
3792:Categories
3647:Anabaptism
3583:Free Grace
3428:Low church
3060:Veneration
3005:Priesthood
2915:Absolution
2855:Missiology
2845:Homiletics
2767:Iconoclasm
2752:Patristics
2719:Historical
2695:Soul sleep
2636:Apocalypse
2631:Antichrist
2533:Historical
2503:Missiology
2491:Confession
2362:Repentance
2352:Redemption
2300:Imputation
2293:Prevenient
2241:Conversion
2206:Absolution
2029:Paterology
2024:Attributes
1955:Systematic
1397:Becic 1959
1334:References
1290:plurality'
1261:churches,
1251:Protestant
1024:Ordination
917:presbytery
893:consistory
845:connection
712:patriarchs
617:government
402:Technology
392:Simulation
253:Electronic
221:Governance
82:newspapers
3642:Adventism
3562:Reformed
3358:Assurance
3296:Sola fide
3249:Adiaphora
3160:Theotokos
3140:Symphonia
3135:Sobornost
3125:Phyletism
3035:Sainthood
3030:Sacrament
3010:Purgatory
2990:Modernism
2980:Mariology
2875:Political
2850:Liturgics
2835:Education
2817:Practical
2732:Orthodoxy
2655:End times
2626:Adventism
2603:Preterism
2517:Episcopal
2496:Eucharist
2486:Sacrament
2382:Synergism
2372:Salvation
2315:Monergism
2221:Atonement
2216:Assurance
2146:Cosmology
2126:Ascension
1964:Scripture
1574:2413-9467
1395:Cited in
1339:Footnotes
1286:benefices
1152:president
1120:President
1104:anarchism
964:tradition
952:St. Giles
948:John Knox
940:Cathedral
825:Methodist
783:Methodist
732:presbyter
672:epĂskopos
629:episcopal
332:Corporate
155:Episcopal
3678:See also
3603:Wesleyan
3466:Lutheran
3395:Anglican
3120:Phronema
2950:Filioque
2930:Dogmatic
2870:Polemics
2865:Pastoral
2646:Covenant
2598:Futurism
2588:Idealism
2565:Shunning
2550:Koinonia
2463:Theodicy
2436:The Fall
2402:Blessing
2251:Election
2211:Adoption
2184:Theodicy
2169:Humanity
2154:Creation
1992:Exegesis
1982:Canonics
1819:(2008).
1752:(eds.).
1740:(1909).
1534:Doe 2013
1522:Doe 2013
1510:Doe 2013
1447:Doe 2013
1410:"Bishop"
1385:(1954).
1354:Doe 2013
1296:See also
1273:and the
1271:Baptists
1195:autonomy
1176:doctrine
1156:overseer
1066:Baptists
1048:"Deacon
1028:vicinage
1015:reformed
985:parishes
904:minister
843:defines
829:Wesleyan
797:and the
787:Lutheran
779:Anglican
767:Catholic
752:clerical
677:overseer
599:against
421:Measures
337:Cultural
327:Clinical
314:By field
287:By level
213:a series
211:Part of
112:May 2014
3509:Pietism
3484:Haugean
3438:Baptist
3293: (
3241:General
3155:Theosis
3150:Theoria
3100:Economy
3045:Thomism
3040:Scotism
2975:Liturgy
2802:Pietism
2777:Thomism
2685:Rapture
2610: (
2510: (
2397:Worship
2387:Theosis
2231:Calling
2226:Baptism
2094: (
2079:Trinity
1907:at the
1833:17 June
1771:17 June
1700:17 June
1495:18 June
1469:5 March
1420:17 June
1389:(ed.).
1257:, some
1224:(Pope).
1148:bishops
1070:Quakers
922:classis
887:session
834:bishops
681:diocese
667:bishops
601:Puritan
544:History
367:Network
322:Climate
273:Private
96:scholar
2880:Public
2840:Ethics
2660:Heaven
2528:Bishop
2508:Polity
2159:Angels
2087:Father
1884:
1863:
1792:
1762:
1717:
1572:
1416:. 2018
1265:, the
1160:bishop
1142:, and
960:polity
926:synods
902:. The
899:elders
882:courts
777:, and
737:priest
723:synods
718:Bishop
697:clergy
691:, and
639:, and
613:polity
589:wrote
300:Global
230:Models
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
3635:Other
3578:TULIP
3290:solae
3288:Five
2860:Moral
2747:Canon
2616:Post-
2540:Synod
2283:Grace
2268:Faith
2179:Satan
2106:Logos
2101:Jesus
1784:. By
1744:. In
1694:(PDF)
1668:3 May
1612:(PDF)
1593:(PDF)
968:Dutch
876:Many
823:Many
727:synod
623:Types
372:Ocean
295:Local
103:JSTOR
89:books
2985:Mass
2665:Hell
2612:Pre-
2426:Adam
1882:ISBN
1861:ISBN
1835:2018
1790:ISBN
1773:2018
1760:ISBN
1715:ISBN
1702:2018
1670:2021
1570:ISSN
1497:2018
1471:2024
1422:2018
1216:The
1122:and
1095:and
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827:and
785:and
750:and
397:Soil
387:Self
342:Data
258:Good
75:news
2458:Sin
2092:Son
2012:God
1560:doi
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1189:In
1178:of
1154:or
928:or
920:or
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710:or
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