375:
25:
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Many scripts are created for religious or mystical purposes. Missionaries and religious scholars may be motivated to devise new scripts for previously-unwritten languages to facilitate the translation of religious writings, as was the case for several of the scripts mentioned in the previous section.
181:
over time, not being formally considered full members of the
English (as opposed to Latin) alphabet until the mid-1800s). In the vast majority of cases, inventors of writing systems have been either literate themselves or familiar with the concept of writing (see
1112:
186:). As such, constructed scripts tend to be informed by at least one older writing system, making it difficult in some cases to decide whether a new script is simply an adoption or a new creation (for example the
1101:
441:
or alternate orthographies for existing languages- English-language examples include the script of the Orokin language (referred to by members of the community as "Tennobet", a portmanteau of "
1837:
591:
169:, i.e. a language is written in another language's script at first, and gradually develops peculiarities specific to its new environment over the centuries (such as the letters
133:
specifically created by an individual or group, rather than having evolved as part of a language or culture like a natural script. Some are designed for use with
1076:
2204:
1232:
1144:
521:, a communication system created for use by non-human primates, involves a system of lexigrams- visual symbols corresponding to various objects and ideas.
283:
Religious leaders may promulgate new writing systems among their followers for liturgical use and/or the promotion of cultural identity and unity, as with
687:
were under consideration in 2010. An unofficial project exists to coordinate the encoding of many constructed scripts in specific places in the
Unicode
1248:
985:
165:, are human creations. However, scripts usually evolve out of other scripts rather than being designed by an individual. In most cases, alphabets are
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534:
2246:
485:
Several writing systems have been devised for technical purposes by specialists in various fields. One of the most prominent of these is the
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42:
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are true writing or proto-writing), the process was nevertheless a gradual evolution of a system of symbols, not a creation by design.
61:
1951:
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68:
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2190:
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experimentation or for other more practical ends in existing languages. Prominent examples of constructed scripts include Korean
197:
In the rare cases where a script evolved not out of a previous script, but out of proto-writing (the only known cases being the
2236:
627:
invented a purported 'Formosan' alphabet to further his fraudulent claims of being the first
Taiwanese visitor to Europe; the
1299:
1161:
1060:
75:
2251:
2221:
1366:
1322:“The Life And Letters Of Lewis Carroll (Rev. C. L. Dodgson)” by Stuart Dodgson Collingwood B.A. Christ Church, Oxford
917:
57:
2241:
2197:
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786:
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alphabets, which are heavily influenced by the Greek alphabet but were nevertheless designed by individual authors).
108:
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Several of these scripts are described by their creators as having been revealed during or developed in response to
1463:
1413:
1210:
574:
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493:, IPA also contains invented letters, Greek letters, and numerous diacritics. Other scripts, such as John Malone's
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1971:
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46:
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243:
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672:
489:(IPA), used by linguists to describe the sounds of human language in exhaustive detail. While based on the
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Some scripts were invented for spoken languages that did not have adequate writing systems, including the
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represent a proposed international auxiliary language whose primary mode is written rather than spoken.
82:
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619:, in addition to serving a religious role, was used to conceal military communications during the
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35:
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systems may be considered constructed scripts intended to facilitate speed and ease of writing.
2003:
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874:"L2/16-101R: Proposal for encoding the Medefaidrin (Oberi Okaime) script in the SMP of the UCS"
570:
2127:
1706:
1488:
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533:
Some constructed scripts are intended to replace existing writing systems. In the mid-1800s,
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284:
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Other works stop short of creating entire languages, and instead use constructed scripts as
2137:
1752:
1718:
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The
Tengwar script constructed for Tolkien's languages. He also created a mode for English.
308:
202:
134:
2021:
873:
152:
8:
1772:
1735:
1503:
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The
Angelical Language, Volume I: The Complete History and Mythos of the Tongue of Angels
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uses, such as communication with purported spiritual entities. Such is the case with
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Rovenchak, Andrij; Gibbon, Dafydd; Ekpenyong, Moses; Urua, Eno-Abasi (2016-04-18).
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was turned down because most users of the
Klingon language wrote it using the
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were invented to serve the needs of the visually impaired, or, in the case of
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to
English phonology; roughly a century later, the estate of Irish playwright
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Pearce, Celia (2006). "Productive Play: Game
Culture From the Bottom Up".
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1211:"Semantography - A Logical Writing for an illogical World, by CK BLISS"
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554:
218:
1956:
1921:
1663:
1198:. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books Ltd. pp. 9–11.
611:
Several constructed scripts serve unique purposes not outlined above.
2011:
1998:
1881:
1847:
1696:
1493:
1237:. Sydney: Semantography (Blissymbolics) Publications. OCoLC: 1014476.
986:"Google Translate's 'Star Wars' Easter Egg Adds Support For Aurebesh"
892:"N4017: Proposal to Encode the Pau Cin Hau Alphabet in ISO/IEC 10646"
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1946:
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Sidwell, Paul. 2008. The Khom script of the
Kommodam Rebellion.
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2016:
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The
History Of Special Education: From Isolation To Integration
1009:"Preliminary proposal to encode "Unifon" characters in the UCS"
750: – Writing system wherein each symbol represents a concept
592:
An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
494:
235:
142:
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Some of the scripts have identifying codes assigned among the
213:, with ongoing debate as to whether the hitherto-undeciphered
2142:
2067:
1701:
1658:
1648:
1546:
684:
406:
153:
Constructed scripts and traditional "natural" writing systems
16:
Writing system specifically created by an individual or group
871:
382:
274:
may fit in this category, though their origin is not known.
2102:
1757:
1473:
430:
849:"Proposal for encoding the Sora Sompeng script in the UCS"
224:
1513:
157:
All scripts, including traditional scripts ranging from
758:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
733:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
2205:
La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
698:
to U+F8FF and U+000F0000 to U+0010FFFF), known as the
323:
language and alphabet, the various scripts (including
277:
804:"Writing systems: A case study in cultural evolution"
229:
174:
170:
569:). Taking language reform further, various proposed
1195:
The Shaw Alphabet Edition of Androcles and the Lion
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1249:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
1137:
858:. International Organization for Standardization.
623:. Around the turn of the 18th century, Frenchman
2287:
1231:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
393:The best-known constructed scripts dedicated to
1213:. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011
1077:"Interactive Lexigram, History of Ape Language"
897:. Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
756: – 15th century codex in an unknown script
635:is another such example of linguistic forgery.
535:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1055:. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
934:"Writing Klingon – Klingon Language Institute"
725: – Wordless open semantic form of writing
1367:
867:
865:
651:, of sighted people without access to light.
1148:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1069:
1374:
1360:
862:
557:) to serve similar aims. Graphic Designer
386:The KLI pIqaD is a constructed script for
1381:
1263:"Coelbren y Beirdd - The Bardic Alphabet"
1185:
1129:
1093:
565:represents a similar project. (see also:
480:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1277:
977:
912:. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications.
839:
837:
381:
373:
2191:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues
1283:
1267:Amgueddfa Cymru — National Museum Wales
1145:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
983:
907:
843:
801:
225:Overview of constructed writing systems
137:, although several of them are used in
2288:
1050:
1044:
1000:
946:
889:
659:Some neographies have been encoded in
445:" and "alphabet") from the video game
295:invented by the Zomi religious leader
1355:
1202:
1135:
1099:
984:McKalin, Vamien (November 27, 2015).
940:
901:
834:
409:, but many others exist, such as the
369:
1315:
1191:
1118:from the original on 31 January 2017
1030:Initial Teaching Alphabet Foundation
776:
731: – Consciously devised language
451:, the unnamed New World script from
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1284:Olstrom, Clifford E. (2012-07-10).
1018:
1006:
770:
471:appearing in the television series
278:For religious and mystical purposes
13:
802:Trigger, Bruce G. (January 1998).
528:
230:For previously unwritten languages
14:
2317:
2198:In the Land of Invented Languages
1330:
1102:"The Deseret Alphabet Experiment"
595:have associated writing systems.
541:as an alternative writing system
567:English-language spelling reform
299:, among many others. Relatedly,
23:
1255:
1240:
890:Pandey, Anshuman (2011-04-27).
808:Norwegian Archaeological Review
585:, and the language outlined in
487:International Phonetic Alphabet
34:needs additional citations for
926:
883:
795:
1:
2270:List of constructed languages
820:10.1080/00293652.1998.9965618
781:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
763:
244:Canadian Aboriginal syllabics
1292:Perkins School for the Blind
1179:UK public library membership
1111:. Brigham Young University.
454:Kirby and the Forgotten Land
58:"Constructed writing system"
7:
779:Old Church Slavonic Grammar
743:List of constructed scripts
716:
654:
10:
2322:
1342:ConScript Unicode Registry
1100:Moore, Richard G. (2006).
1051:Winzer, Margret A (1993).
777:Lunt, Horace Gray (2001).
700:ConScript Unicode Registry
341:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa
123:constructed writing system
2275:List of language creators
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2055:
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1771:
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503:Initial Teaching Alphabet
1109:Religious Studies Center
963:10.1177/1555412005281418
606:
2247:Interlingue/Interlingua
1414:International auxiliary
908:Leitch, Aaron (2010a).
879:. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
507:Alexander Melville Bell
434:series of video games.
1952:Middle-earth languages
1287:Undaunted By Blindness
1208:Bliss, C. K. (1965).
1192:Shaw, Bernard (1962).
1154:10.1093/ref:odnb/36047
1139:"Shaw, George Bernard"
1085:. 2010. Archived from
856:Working Group Document
553:(later developed into
481:For technical purposes
390:
379:
2296:Constructed languages
2227:Esperanto/Interlingua
2128:Esperanto orthography
1707:Pan-Germanic language
1489:Communicationssprache
1383:Constructed languages
631:alphabet invented by
385:
377:
364:visionary experiences
135:constructed languages
1719:Pan-Romance language
1594:Latino sine flexione
1337:Omniglot Neographies
1136:Weintraub, Stanley.
663:, in particular the
621:Holy Man's Rebellion
439:substitution ciphers
203:Egyptian hieroglyphs
43:improve this article
2306:Constructed scripts
1736:Pan-Slavic language
575:auxiliary languages
547:George Bernard Shaw
395:fictional languages
353:Hildegard of Bingen
347:, and possibly the
345:Johannes Trithemius
2123:Constructed script
1599:Lingua Franca Nova
1579:International Sign
1007:Everson, Michael.
754:Voynich Manuscript
738:Fictional alphabet
711:IETF language tags
625:George Psalmanazar
513:were invented for
391:
380:
370:In fictional works
184:History of writing
2283:
2282:
2138:Tolkien's scripts
2111:
2110:
1828:Logopandecteision
1791:Dutton Speedwords
1724:Neolatino Romance
1604:Lingwa de planeta
1301:978-0-9822721-9-0
1290:. Watertown, MA:
1177:(Subscription or
1163:978-0-19-861412-8
1062:978-1-56368-018-2
950:Games and Culture
689:Private Use Areas
671:. A proposal for
641:tactile alphabets
629:Coelbren y Beirdd
559:Bradbury Thompson
549:commissioned the
119:
118:
111:
93:
2313:
2232:Esperanto/Novial
2056:Ritual and other
1897:Elvish languages
1818:Lingua generalis
1806:Astrolinguistics
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1347:Deseret Alphabet
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1319:
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1310:
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1273:on Nov 17, 2010.
1269:. Archived from
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1089:on May 20, 2010.
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1032:. ITA Foundation
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669:Deseret alphabet
665:Shavian alphabet
597:Charles K. Bliss
551:Shavian alphabet
539:Deseret alphabet
422:Klingon language
399:J. R. R. Tolkien
349:litterae ignotae
343:and his teacher
339:) documented by
337:Transitus Fluvii
303:are created for
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1390:Classification
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1331:External links
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1026:"What is ITA?"
1017:
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976:
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919:978-0738714905
918:
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847:(2009-06-08).
833:
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723:Asemic writing
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677:Latin alphabet
656:
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511:Visible Speech
491:Latin alphabet
482:
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371:
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285:Sorang Sompeng
279:
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207:Chinese script
179:Latin alphabet
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131:writing system
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401:'s elaborate
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357:Lingua Ignota
355:to write her
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99:November 2020
91:
88:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2133:Sitelen Pona
2004:
1540:esperantidos
1509:Esperanto II
1431:Experimental
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1286:
1279:
1271:the original
1266:
1257:
1247:
1242:
1215:. Retrieved
1204:
1194:
1187:
1167:. Retrieved
1143:
1131:
1120:. Retrieved
1108:
1095:
1087:the original
1080:
1071:
1052:
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1029:
1020:
1002:
990:. Retrieved
988:. Tech Times
979:
954:
948:
942:
928:
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855:
814:(1): 39–62.
811:
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658:
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587:John Wilkins
532:
499:James Pitman
484:
472:
462:
452:
446:
436:
429:
414:
392:
361:
348:
301:some scripts
281:
233:
215:Indus script
211:Mayan script
196:
166:
156:
126:
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2215:Comparisons
2093:Palawa kani
2088:Medefaidrin
1763:Weltdeutsch
1753:Runyakitara
1741:Interslavic
1574:Interlingue
1569:Interlingua
1552:Interglossa
1479:Blissymbols
679:, but both
649:Nyctography
617:Khom Script
601:Blissymbols
563:Alphabet 26
515:pedagogical
413:script for
351:devised by
297:Pau Cin Hau
289:Medefaidrin
2290:Categories
2242:Ido/Novial
2063:Balaibalan
1773:Engineered
1629:Pasilingua
1519:Mundolinco
1426:Engineered
1307:4 December
1181:required.)
1122:2017-01-06
957:(17): 17.
764:References
748:Pasigraphy
709:codes and
577:- such as
555:Quikscript
517:purposes.
467:, and the
272:Glagolitic
219:Rongorongo
139:linguistic
69:newspapers
2116:Neography
2042:Verdurian
2012:Syldavian
2007:languages
2005:Star Wars
1999:Spocanian
1882:Brithenig
1872:Atlantean
1858:Fictional
1848:Toki Pona
1697:Eurolengo
1534:Universal
1494:Esperanto
1466:auxiliary
1454:languages
1452:Specific
1402:Fictional
828:0029-3652
707:ISO 15924
523:Shorthand
464:Star Wars
428:from the
416:Star Trek
325:Celestial
262:scripts.
127:neography
2073:Enochian
2032:Valyrian
2022:Tsolyáni
1989:Newspeak
1967:Sindarin
1902:Enchanta
1892:Dothraki
1864:artistic
1801:Kalaba-X
1746:Iazychie
1712:Tutonish
1682:Afrihili
1639:Solresol
1634:Sambahsa
1619:Nal Bino
1529:Romániço
1524:Reformed
1504:Arcaicam
1499:Adjuvilo
1456:by group
1397:Artistic
1227:cite web
1217:July 18,
1113:Archived
992:July 26,
971:16084255
717:See also
667:and the
655:Encoding
583:Solresol
474:Futurama
459:Aurebesh
448:Warframe
329:Malachim
321:Enochian
313:John Dee
305:mystical
291:and the
268:Georgian
264:Armenian
240:Cherokee
209:and the
190:and the
188:Cyrillic
2301:Writing
2153:Tengwar
2098:Yerkish
2078:Eskayan
2037:Venedic
2027:Utopian
2017:Teonaht
1994:Simlish
1972:more...
1957:Adûnaic
1942:Lydnevi
1922:KobaĂŻan
1917:Klingon
1796:Ithkuil
1729:Romanid
1692:Efatese
1687:Budinos
1664:VolapĂĽk
1609:Mondial
1436:Musical
1169:17 July
1036:17 July
729:Conlang
681:Tengwar
661:Unicode
637:Braille
589:' 1668
519:Yerkish
403:Tengwar
388:Klingon
309:magical
260:Pollard
167:adopted
159:Chinese
147:Tengwar
83:scholar
2265:Portal
2148:Sarati
1984:Nadsat
1962:Quenya
1937:Loxian
1932:Lapine
1927:Láadan
1912:Kiliki
1887:Dritok
1862:other
1833:Lojban
1823:Loglan
1811:Lincos
1624:Novial
1584:Kotava
1538:other
1298:
1175:
1160:
1059:
969:
916:
826:
785:
505:, and
497:, Sir
495:Unifon
424:, and
335:, and
333:Theban
293:script
270:, and
256:Tangut
252:Fraser
236:Hangul
205:, the
192:Gothic
143:Hangul
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2164:Study
2143:Cirth
2068:Damin
2047:Wenja
1979:NaĘĽvi
1947:Mänti
1907:KÄ“len
1702:Guosa
1674:Zonal
1659:Uropi
1649:Unish
1564:Intal
1547:Glosa
1484:Bolak
1419:Zonal
1116:(PDF)
1105:(PDF)
1012:(PDF)
967:S2CID
895:(PDF)
877:(PDF)
852:(PDF)
685:Cirth
607:Other
461:from
443:Tenno
411:pIqaD
407:Cirth
129:is a
125:or a
90:JSTOR
76:books
2103:Zaum
1758:Wede
1644:Sona
1474:Babm
1309:2011
1296:ISBN
1252:192.
1233:link
1219:2022
1171:2022
1158:ISBN
1057:ISBN
1038:2022
994:2016
914:ISBN
824:ISSN
783:ISBN
696:E000
683:and
431:Myst
426:D'ni
405:and
397:are
315:and
258:and
248:N'Ko
217:and
173:and
145:and
62:news
1860:and
1781:aUI
1614:Neo
1514:Ido
1150:doi
959:doi
816:doi
647:'s
615:'s
599:'s
579:aUI
573:or
561:'s
509:'s
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307:or
161:to
45:by
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