926:
by the castle's constable, or by the castle's garrison, and also contained a bakehouse. On the south side of the ward is a range of buildings that included the great hall and chapel, sitting on top of the cellars, which are now exposed. The stubs and one surviving stone arches from the 1340s can still be seen. Behind the great hall was the tower used by the constable for detaining prisoners; this included a special room for holding prisoners, called the "dettors chambre" ("debtors' chamber") in the 16th century, and an underground dungeon. On the north side of the ward was a range of service buildings, including a kitchen, brewhouse and bakehouse, backed onto by the kitchen tower, containing accommodation and storerooms.
652:
528:, and the first phase of work between 1283 and 1284 focused on creating the exterior curtain walls and towers. In the second phase, from 1284 and 1286, the interior buildings were erected, while work began on the walls for the neighbouring town. By 1287, the castle was complete. The builders recruited huge numbers of labourers from across England for the task. At each summer building season, the labourers massed at Chester and then walked into Wales. Edward's accountants did not separate the costs of the town walls from that of the castle, but the total cost of the two projects came to around £15,000, a huge sum for the period.
1452:
573:
1461:
1488:
1506:
1497:
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91-foot (28 m) deep. Inside, the ward contained the chambers for the royal household, their immediate staff and service facilities; today, historian Jeremy Ashbee considers them to be the "best-preserved suite of medieval private royal chambers in
England and Wales". They were designed to form a royal palace in miniature, that could, if necessary, be sealed off from the rest of the castle and supplied from the eastern gate by sea almost indefinitely, although in practice they were rarely used by the royal family.
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50:
66:
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895:. The outside of the towers still have the putlog holes from their original construction, where timbers were inserted to create a spiralling ramp for the builders. Although now somewhat decayed, the battlements originally sported triple finial designs and featured a sequence of square holes running along the outside of the walls. It is uncertain what these holes were used for – they may have been drainage holes, supports for defensive
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623:
and his brother Gwilym, cousins of Owain Glyndŵr, undertook a surprise attack on Conwy Castle. Pretending to be carpenters repairing the castle, the two gained entry, killed the two watchmen on duty and took control of the fortress. Welsh rebels then attacked and captured the rest of the walled town.
925:
The gate leads through to the Outer Ward which, when first built, would have been full of various administrative and service buildings. The north-west tower was reached through the porter's lodge and contained limited accommodation and space for stores. The south-west tower may have been used either
777:
in 1848. These improved communication links with the castle and further increased tourist numbers. In 1865 Conwy Castle passed from the
Holland family, who had leased it from the descendants of the Conways to the civic leadership of Conwy town. Restoration work on the ruins then began, including the
470:
have been incorporated into the wall. Built on a rocky outcrop, with an apsidal tower, it is a classic, native, Welsh build and stands out from the rest of the town walls, due to the presence of four window openings. It dates from the early 13th century and is the most complete remnant of any of his
397:
by
Parliament to prevent it being used in any further revolt, and was finally completely ruined in 1665 when its remaining iron and lead was stripped and sold off. Conwy Castle became an attractive destination for painters in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Visitor numbers grew and initial
929:
The Inner Ward was originally separated from the Outer Ward by an internal wall, a drawbridge and a gate, protected by a ditch cut into the rock. The ditch was filled in during the 16th century and the drawbridge removed. The spring-fed castle well built alongside the gate survives, and today is
962:
trees and a lawn and in the 17th century formal ornamental flowers. A postern gate originally led down to the river where a small dock was built, allowing key visitors to enter the castle in private and for the fortress to be resupplied by boat, although this gate is now concealed by the later
941:
The royal rooms were positioned on the first floor of a range of buildings that ran around the outside of the ward, facing onto a courtyard. The four towers that protected the Inner Ward contained service facilities, with the Chapel Tower containing the private royal chapel. Each tower has an
734:, but five years later Edward decided to strip the remaining iron and lead from the castle and sell it off. The work was completed under the supervision of Edward Conway's overseer William Milward, despite opposition from the leading citizens of Conwy, and turned the castle into a total ruin.
555:
suggested that given the austere conditions Edward refused to drink his own private supply of wine, and instead had it shared out amongst the garrison. For some years afterwards, the castle formed the main residence for visiting senior figures, and hosted Edward's son, the future
906:, an exterior defence in front of the main gate. When first built, the barbican was reached over a drawbridge and a masonry ramp that came up sharply from the town below; the modern path cuts east along the outside of the walls. The barbican features the earliest surviving stone
864:, and much of the stone from the castle is largely taken from the ridge itself, probably when the site was first cleared. The local stone was not of sufficient quality to be used for carving details such as windows, however, and accordingly sandstone was brought in from the
428:
in
Britain and what historian Jeremy Ashbee has described as the "best preserved suite of medieval private royal chambers in England and Wales". In keeping with other Edwardian castles in North Wales, the architecture of Conwy has close links to that found in the
585:, took over control of the castle in 1343. Sir John Weston, his chamberlain, conducted repairs, building new stone support arches for the great hall and other parts of the castle. After the death of the Black Prince, however, Conwy fell into neglect again.
953:
On the east side of the Inner Ward is another barbican, enclosing the castle garden. This was overlooked by the royal apartments, and changed in style over the years: in the early 14th century there was a lawn, in the late 14th century
950:, and provided a combination of privacy for the king while providing extensive personal security. The two sets of apartments were later unified into a single set of rooms, including a great chamber, outer chamber and inner chamber.
580:
Conwy Castle was not well maintained during the early 14th century and by 1321 a survey reported it was poorly equipped, with limited stores and suffering from leaking roofs and rotten timbers. These problems persisted until
531:
The castle's constable was, by a royal charter of 1284, also the mayor of the new town of Conwy (to this day, the Mayor is ex-officio
Constable of the Castle), and oversaw a castle garrison of 30 soldiers, including 15
805:
as a tourist attraction and 186,897 tourists visited the castle in 2010; a new visitor centre was opened in 2012. The castle requires ongoing maintenance and repairs cost £30,000 over the 2002–03 financial year.
4501:
698:
was appointed governor of the castle instead, however, leading to a bitter dispute between the two men. The
Archbishop defected to Parliament, the town of Conwy fell in August 1646 and in November General
1575:
It is difficult to accurately compare 17th century and modern prices or incomes. Depending on the measure used, £100 could equate to between £15,200 to £3,180,000 in 2011 terms. For comparison,
482:
for many years had defended. The kings of
England and the Welsh princes had vied for control of the region since the 1070s and the conflict had resumed during the 13th century, leading to
3773:
942:
additional watchtower turret, probably intended both for security and to allow the prominent display of the royal flag. The arrangement was originally similar to that of the 13th century
1562:
It is impossible to accurately compare medieval and modern prices or incomes. For comparison, £15,000 is around twenty-five times the annual income of a 14th-century nobleman such as
4478:
2007:"Charles I - volume 514: October 1646 Pages 474-485 Calendar of State Papers Domestic: Charles I, 1645-7. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1891"
2561:
The Mediæval boroughs of
Snowdonia; a study of the rise and development of the municipal element in the ancient principality of North Wales down to the Act of union of 1536
362:, the combined defences cost around £15,000, a massive sum for the period. Over the next few centuries, the castle played an important part in several wars. It withstood
982:
holes, and are usually ascribed to the influence of the Savoy architect Master James. Notably the three pinnacled merlons are a feature seen at the
Savoyard Castello
786:
undertook a wide range of repairs and extensive research into the castle's history. An additional road bridge was built to the castle in 1958. Already protected as a
4827:
4797:
3766:
517:, and build a new English castle and walled town on the monastery's former site. The ruined castle of Deganwy was abandoned and never rebuilt. Edward's plan was a
551:. Edward was besieged at Conwy by the Welsh between December and January 1295, supplied only by sea, before forces arrived to relieve him in February. Chronicler
524:
Work began on cutting the ditch around Conwy Castle within days of Edward's decision. The work was controlled by Sir John
Bonvillars and overseen by master mason
4654:
643:
conducted restoration work in the 1520s and 1530s, during which time the castle was being used as a prison, a depot and as a potential residence for visitors.
4218:
4511:
3540:
3152:
1219:
412:. The rectangular castle is built from local and imported stone and occupies a coastal ridge, originally overlooking an important crossing point over the
4629:
4614:
3759:
615:
Henry Bolingbroke took the English throne to rule as Henry IV in 1400, but rebellion broke out in North Wales shortly afterwards under the leadership of
3782:
3117:
937:
The castle seen from the east, showing the east barbican, the Inner Ward and (l to r) the 1848 rail bridge, and the road bridges built in 1826 and 1958
408:
considers Conwy to be one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe", and it is classed as a
2827:
The Heart of Northern Wales: As it was and as it Is, Being an Account of the Pre-historical and Historical Remains of Aberconway and the Neighbourhood
624:
The brothers held out for around three months, before negotiating a surrender; as part of this agreement the pair were given a royal pardon by Henry.
521:
enterprise and placing the new town and walls on top of such a high-status native Welsh site was in part a symbolic act to demonstrate English power.
4260:
3147:
4554:
4014:
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795:
260:
718:, or put beyond military use: the Bakehouse tower was probably deliberately partially pulled down at this time as part of the slighting. With the
4319:
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2118:
4165:
3122:
2150:
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1407:
462:: "the oldest structure is part of the town walls, at the southern end of the east side. Here one wall and the tower of a llys belonging to
96:
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In the aftermath of the siege, Colonel John Carter was appointed governor of the castle and fresh repairs were carried out. In 1655
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monastery favoured by the Welsh princes, as well as the location of one of the palaces (called llys) of the Welsh princes. From
4822:
4397:
4225:
2947:
1271:
694:, took charge of the castle on behalf of the king, and set about repairing and garrisoning it at his own expense. In 1645, Sir
398:
restoration work was carried out in the second half of the 19th century. In the 21st century, the ruined castle is managed by
4817:
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4483:
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4001:
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2815:
2796:
2777:
2758:
2739:
2703:
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891:, with four large, 70-foot (21 m) tall towers on each side; originally the castle would have been white-washed using a
4693:
1538:
1528:
1021:
4468:
4109:
3526:
876:. This sandstone was more colourful than the local grey stone, and was probably deliberately chosen for its appearance.
604:, for negotiations. Percy swore in the chapel he would not harm the king. On 19 August, Richard surrendered to Percy at
4639:
4521:
4309:
4282:
4245:
4158:
4132:
4124:
2694:
Brears, Peter (2010). "Food Supply and Preparation at the Edwardian Castles". In Williams, Diane; Kenyon, John (eds.).
1378:
1372:
779:
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671:
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leading down to the river, allowing the castle to be resupplied from the sea. It retains the earliest surviving stone
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2006:
1179:
727:
4683:
4250:
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536:, supported by a carpenter, chaplain, blacksmith, engineer and a stonemason. The first constable of the castle was
608:, promising to abdicate if his life were spared. The king was then taken to London and died later in captivity at
4634:
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992:
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in the same period. These include window styles, the type of crenellation used on the towers and positioning of
4664:
4549:
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Lott, Graham (2010). "The Building Stones of the Edwardian Castles". In Williams, Diane; Kenyon, John (eds.).
65:
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355:
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Reconstruction of Conwy Castle and town walls at the end of the 13th century. Model located in Conwy Castle.
267:
4698:
4185:
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Ashbee, Jeremy (2010). "The King's Accommodation at his Castles". In Williams, Diane; Kenyon, John (eds.).
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1200:
509:. Edward captured Aberconwy in March 1283 and decided that the location would form the centre of a new
1095:), William De Sikun was the constable with a yearly fee of £190 (equivalent to £200,000 in 2023).
4235:
3981:
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750:
162:
2157:
513:: he would relocate the abbey eight miles up the Conwy valley to a new site at Maenan, establishing
433:
during the same period, an influence probably derived from the Savoy origins of the main architect,
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3424:
3383:
3317:
2125:
1390:
1116:
999:
770:
707:
petitioned Mytton for the return of property in the castle that they had lent to the Archbishop.
1950:"Measuring Worth Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1830 to Present"
1277:
754:
656:
39:
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4057:
4031:
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1400:
1232:
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1108:
723:
719:
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589:
552:
434:
371:
4377:
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4174:
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3816:
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1365:
774:
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537:
467:
386:
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Coldstream, Nicola (2010). "James of St George". In Williams, Diane; Kenyon, John (eds.).
8:
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3031:
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2103:
1225:
791:
593:
525:
483:
409:
351:
249:
185:
3403:
1579:, one of the richest men in England at the time, had an annual income of around £20,000.
1505:
416:. Divided into an Inner and an Outer Ward, it is defended by eight large towers and two
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3915:
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2680:
2661:
2633:
1332:
675:
609:
545:
502:
382:
367:
233:
220:
778:
reconstruction of the damaged Bakehouse tower. In 1953 the castle was leased to the
4577:
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4362:
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1294:
1145:
814:
628:
359:
616:
375:
227:
3924:
3919:
3811:
3728:
3599:
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3142:
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2865:
Examples of Gothic Architecture Selected From Various Ancient Edifices in England
1419:
1303:
1190:
975:
762:
561:
541:
451:
2601:
1496:
4771:
4582:
4502:
Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales
4427:
4387:
4324:
4049:
3872:
3796:
3660:
3624:
3609:
3594:
3388:
3348:
3260:
3157:
2789:
British Fortifications Through the Reign of Richard III: an Illustrated History
2606:
2182:
1432:
1355:
1313:
1287:
1261:
1183:
1157:
1103:
This is the list of the constables of Conwy (Conway) castle and their reigning
1044:
1033:
837:
731:
479:
342:
330:
1469:
655:
The Bakehouse Tower with watchtower, guarding the Inner Ward, overlooking the
358:, between 1283 and 1287. Constructed as part of a wider project to create the
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4341:
3973:
3882:
3839:
3675:
3574:
3378:
3368:
3363:
3291:
3245:
3188:
3087:
1248:
1124:
933:
907:
810:
746:
700:
636:
620:
576:
Conwy Castle seen from the west, showing the barbican guarding the Outer Ward
425:
111:
98:
2873:
829:
745:, attracting visitors and artists, and paintings of the castle were made by
489:
49:
4759:
4367:
4270:
4230:
4099:
3962:
3740:
3696:
3655:
3589:
3506:
3373:
3167:
3046:
3036:
2991:
2837:
2722:
2630:
The Castle Community: The Personnel of English and Welsh Castles, 1272–1422
1949:
1238:
947:
833:
783:
605:
514:
3723:
600:, Richard made his way to the castle where he met Bolingbroke's emissary,
4432:
4382:
3877:
3670:
3219:
3172:
3112:
3102:
2956:
1514:
1342:
1068:
1043:
During 1283 the castle was recorded to have a garrison of : 30 men (
892:
765:. Several bridges were built across the River Conwy linking the town and
758:
738:
518:
486:
intervening in North Wales for the second time during his reign in 1282.
475:
413:
2845:
The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: A Social and Political History
4143:
3986:
3444:
3429:
3327:
3296:
3137:
3107:
3082:
3056:
3026:
3011:
3006:
2751:
Medieval Town Walls: An Archaeology and Social History of Urban Defence
986:
which had been visited by Edward on his way back from crusade in 1273.
959:
911:
888:
884:
880:
873:
683:
498:
455:
390:
1599:
832:
voted the castle as the most stunning in Europe, beating the likes of
4331:
3887:
3419:
3250:
3203:
3193:
3001:
1076:
1013:
861:
857:
766:
715:
679:
280:
203:
198:
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1478:
966:
848:
4287:
3905:
3322:
3281:
3162:
3127:
2970:
1060:
1017:
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in Britain, and the gate would originally have been protected by a
903:
588:
At the end of the 14th century, the castle was used as a refuge by
533:
417:
394:
2183:"Conwy and Himeji castles' twinning starts 'beautiful friendship'"
974:
The architecture of Conwy has close to links to that found in the
662:
Conwy Castle fell into disrepair again by the early 17th century.
474:
The location also controlled an important crossing point over the
4506:
4479:
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
3061:
2996:
1104:
1084:
869:
597:
506:
421:
3041:
3016:
2925:
1603:
979:
917:
822:
639:, Conwy was reinforced but played little part in the fighting.
510:
405:
3781:
3711:
703:
finally took the castle itself after a substantial siege. The
2975:
1029:
818:
459:
430:
347:
4463:
1025:
955:
802:
631:
between 1455 and 1485, fought by the rival factions of the
399:
374:
in 1399 and was held for several months by forces loyal to
144:
1328:
1552-3 : Maurice Wiliams, John Vaughan, Robert Evans.
737:
By the end of the 18th century, the ruins were considered
478:
between the coastal and inland areas of North Wales, that
879:
The castle has a rectangular plan and is divided into an
370:
in the winter of 1294–95, acted as a temporary haven for
3548:
2572:
902:
The main entrance to the castle is through the western
4655:
Neolithic and Bronze Age rock art in the British Isles
2209:"The castle voted Europe's most beautiful is in Wales"
1319:
1549 : Griffith John (Griffith ap John ap Robert)
4731:
1098:
4512:
Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales
497:
Edward invaded with a huge army, pushing north from
389:, holding out until 1646 when it surrendered to the
4630:
Federation of Archaeological Managers and Employers
4615:
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979
2749:Creighton, Oliver Hamilton; Higham, Robert (2005).
2564:. Series of literary and historical studies,no. 1.
393:armies. In the aftermath, the castle was partially
4555:Castles and Town Walls of King Edward I in Gwynedd
4015:Castles and Town Walls of King Edward I in Gwynedd
1600:"Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd"
921:The Outer Ward, with the great hall and chapel (r)
2538:
2536:
2298:
2296:
1196:1327 : Henry de Mortuo Mari (Henry Mortimer)
714:appointed by Parliament ordered the castle to be
4828:Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd
4798:Grade I listed buildings in Conwy County Borough
4779:
3692:Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd
2599:
2443:
2441:
2412:
2410:
2337:
2335:
2283:
2281:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2041:
2039:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1913:
1911:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1622:
1620:
1361:1605 : Sir Richard Herbert, Edward Herbert.
796:Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd
670:in 1627 for £100, and Edward's son, also called
385:in 1642, the castle was held by forces loyal to
261:Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd
2748:
2584:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1693:
596:. On 12 August 1399, after returning from
540:who had previously been the first constable of
3649:Lordship castles built or rebuilt for Edward I
2600:Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024).
2533:
2293:
970:Conwy merlons compared with San Giorio di Susa
856:The castle hugs a rocky coastal ridge of grey
560:in 1301 when he visited the region to receive
4159:
3767:
3534:
2941:
2847:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2810:. Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books. pp. 114–120.
2438:
2407:
2332:
2278:
2124:. Gwynedd Council. p. 22. Archived from
2051:
2036:
1981:
1923:
1908:
1851:
1820:
1617:
1416:("A hiatus of nearly 100 years occurs here")
1412:1679 : William, Lord Herbert of Cherbury
801:In the 21st century the castle is managed by
4517:National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors
4115:Town of St George and Related Fortifications
2770:The English Nobility in the Late Middle Ages
2767:
2106:. Association of Leading Visitor Attractions
1762:
1723:
1428:1809 : Griffith ap Howel Vaughan of Rug
450:Before the English built the town of Conwy,
2734:. Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books. pp. 37–45.
2698:. Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books. pp. 85–98.
2679:. Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books. pp. 72–84.
2553:
2551:
2240:
2238:
1637:
1635:
790:, in 1986 it was also declared part of the
350:, located in North Wales. It was built by
4166:
4152:
3783:World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
3774:
3760:
3541:
3527:
2948:
2934:
2729:
2632:. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 111–113.
2542:
1007:
674:, inherited the ruin in 1631. In 1642 the
2119:"Gwynedd Destination and Marketing Audit"
1882:"Richard II, King of England (1367–1400)"
1020:of the castle, governor of the fortified
4448:Welsh artefacts in museums outside Wales
4173:
3911:Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites
3830:Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape
2808:The Impact of Edwardian Castles in Wales
2732:The Impact of Edwardian Castles in Wales
2696:The Impact of Edwardian Castles in Wales
2677:The Impact of Edwardian Castles in Wales
2548:
2235:
1632:
965:
932:
916:
847:
650:
571:
488:
4645:Mining archaeology in the British Isles
2649:
2627:
1544:
1205:1337 : Edward de St. John Le Neven
1002:Panorama, looking across the Outer Ward
16:Grade I listed building in Conwy, Wales
4780:
4595:The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales
4063:The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales
2880:
2842:
2786:
2693:
2674:
2655:
2527:
2515:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2475:
2471:
2459:
2447:
2432:
2428:
2416:
2401:
2389:
2377:
2365:
2353:
2341:
2326:
2314:
2302:
2287:
2272:
2260:
2256:
2225:
2098:
2086:
2074:
2062:
2045:
2030:
1992:
1975:
1936:
1917:
1902:
1868:
1845:
1833:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1786:
1774:
1750:
1734:
1717:
1705:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1653:
1641:
1626:
899:or for displaying ornamental shields.
646:
567:
4147:
3755:
3522:
2929:
2861:
2843:Pounds, Norman John Greville (1994).
2712:
2557:
1963:
1746:
1592:
769:during the 19th century, including a
341:
4694:Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust
2907:Cadw's official page on Conwy Castle
2824:
2805:
2578:
2244:
2229:
2004:
1549:
1539:List of Scheduled Monuments in Conwy
1529:Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
1141:1297 : William de Archoleghweth
1055:), 1 superintendent at arms (Latin:
72:
4469:Cambrian Archaeological Association
4398:Kendrick's Cave Decorated Horse Jaw
2922:from Starbucks' You Are Here series
2558:Lewis, Edward Arthur (April 1912).
13:
4640:Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician
4522:National Monuments Record of Wales
4133:Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City
3933:
3618:Welsh castles repaired by Edward I
2156:. Cadw. p. 56. Archived from
1379:John Williams (archbishop of York)
1373:Edward Conway, 2nd Viscount Conway
1348:1574 : Robert Berry of Ludlow
1099:List of Constables of Conwy Castle
14:
4839:
4788:Buildings and structures in Conwy
4650:Monmouth in the Mesolithic period
2900:
2787:Lepage, Jean-Denis G. G. (2012).
2151:"Part 2: Significance and Vision"
4765:
4753:
4741:
4716:
4715:
4684:Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
3734:
3722:
3710:
3608:
3500:
2955:
2883:Caernarfon Castle and Town Walls
2791:. Jefferson, NC, US: McFarland.
2598:"consistent series" supplied in
1513:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1408:Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury
1175:1326 : William de Ercralewe
1153:1302 : Sir William de Sikun
991:
726:in 1660, Conway was returned to
71:
64:
48:
4813:Museums in Conwy County Borough
4808:Historic house museums in Wales
4803:Grade I listed castles in Wales
4793:Castles in Conwy County Borough
4635:Festival of British Archaeology
4625:Council for British Archaeology
4590:Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal
4058:Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal
2829:. Vol. 1. p. 187-328.
2621:
2592:Gross Domestic Product deflator
2521:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2465:
2453:
2422:
2395:
2383:
2371:
2359:
2347:
2320:
2308:
2266:
2250:
2219:
2201:
2175:
2143:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2024:
1998:
1969:
1942:
1896:
1874:
1839:
1808:
1796:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1740:
1569:
1556:
1396:1649 : Colonel John Carter
1237:1403 : John de Bolde (Sir
1172:1320 : Henry de Wysshebury
1166:1316 : William de Crealawe
843:
445:
4665:Royal Archaeological Institute
4550:Blaenavon Industrial Landscape
4010:Blaenavon Industrial Landscape
3481:North Llanrwst railway station
3333:Waterloo Bridge (Betws-y-coed)
1711:
1699:
1687:
1675:
1663:
1647:
1438:1848 : Thomas Price Lloyd
809:Conwy Castle was twinned with
592:from the forces of his rival,
381:Following the outbreak of the
1:
4823:World Heritage Sites in Wales
3968:Frontiers of the Roman Empire
3849:Frontiers of the Roman Empire
2602:"What Was the U.K. GDP Then?"
1178:1326 : Roger de Mortuo (
1119:without hiatus until today's
549:rebelled against English rule
454:, the site was occupied by a
4818:Scheduled monuments in Wales
4699:Gwynedd Archaeological Trust
4186:History of the British Isles
4088:British Overseas Territories
3558:Built or rebuilt by Edward I
3461:Betws-y-Coed railway station
2918:Conwy Castle is depicted on
2825:Lowe, Walter Bezant (1912).
2768:Given-Wilson, Chris (1996).
1586:
1299:1505 : Edward Salisbury
1138:1292 : Thomas Brickdall
1135:1284 : William de Sikun
1040:) and extraordinary duties.
680:Charles' royalist supporters
131:Rectangular enclosure castle
7:
4675:Welsh Archaeological Trusts
4660:Portable Antiquities Scheme
3440:Conwy Valley Railway Museum
2868:. Edinburgh, UK: J. Grant.
2104:"Attractions Industry News"
2005:Hamilton, William Douglas.
1694:Creighton & Higham 2005
1522:
1324:Francis, Earl of Huntingdon
1283:1483 : Thomas Tunstall
1267:1461 : Sir Henry Bolde
1208:1343 : Thomas D. Upton
1051:), 15 cross-bowmen (Latin:
963:bridges built on the site.
54:Conwy Castle from the river
10:
4844:
4689:Dyfed Archaeological Trust
4532:Sites and monuments record
3486:Tal-y-Cafn railway station
3471:Glan Conwy railway station
1443:
1351:1600 : Thomas Goodman
1309:1512 : John Salisbury
1150:1302 : John de Clykum
1012:The official roles of the
440:
250:UNESCO World Heritage Site
4711:
4607:
4540:
4492:
4456:
4350:
4206:
4181:
4123:
4087:
4071:
4000:
3982:Heart of Neolithic Orkney
3944:
3931:
3878:Kew Royal Botanic Gardens
3804:Great Spa Towns of Europe
3789:
3705:
3684:
3648:
3617:
3606:
3557:
3494:
3466:Dolgarrog railway station
3453:
3412:
3341:
3305:
3274:
3238:
3212:
3181:
3075:
2984:
2963:
2772:. London, UK: Routledge.
1272:Henry, Duke of Buckingham
1244:1405 : John de Masey
1163:1311 : William Bagot
402:as a tourist attraction.
320:
316:
308:
298:
286:
276:
266:
256:
247:
243:
212:
191:
181:
173:
168:
158:
150:
140:
135:
127:
90:
59:
47:
37:
28:
23:
4393:Dog Stone, Mynydd Varteg
3868:Jodrell Bank Observatory
3476:Llanrwst railway station
2862:Pugin, Augustus (1895).
2833:The heart of North Wales
2717:. London, UK: Batsford.
2713:Brown, R. Allen (1962).
2566:Cornell University Press
1534:List of castles in Wales
1201:John Lestrange de Mudle
1169:1319 : Hugh Goddard
1091:), 10 residents (Latin:
821:at a formal ceremony in
583:Edward, the Black Prince
564:from the Welsh leaders.
346:) is a fortification in
4620:Archaeologia Cambrensis
4408:Llyn Cerrig Bach Plaque
3717:Architecture portal
3384:Snowdonia National Park
3318:Conwy Suspension Bridge
2881:Taylor, Arnold (2008).
2656:Ashbee, Jeremy (2007).
1391:Commonwealth of England
1117:Commonwealth of England
1024:, keeper of the castle
1008:Constable of the Castle
343:[kastɛɬ'kɔnwɨ̞]
4241:Prehistoric structures
4214:Archaeological museums
3938:
2753:. Stroud, UK: Tempus.
2628:Rickard, John (2002).
2011:British History Online
1425:1769 : John Parry
1338:1553 : John Herle
1092:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1037:
971:
958:, in the 16th century
938:
922:
853:
755:Julius Caesar Ibbetson
678:broke out between the
659:
657:North Wales Coast Line
577:
494:
334:
4373:Cantiorix Inscription
4358:Banc Tynddol sun-disc
4095:Gorham's Cave Complex
3937:
3893:Palace of Westminster
3394:Trefriw Woollen Mills
3239:Hills & mountains
2912:14 April 2021 at the
2885:. Cardiff, UK: Cadw.
2660:. Cardiff, UK: Cadw.
1109:Principality of Wales
969:
936:
920:
887:Ward, separated by a
851:
654:
575:
553:Walter of Guisborough
492:
435:James of Saint George
4542:World Heritage Sites
4484:World Heritage Sites
4378:Capel Garmon Firedog
4300:Hill-slope enclosure
4226:Archaeological sites
4175:Archaeology of Wales
3901:St Margaret's Church
3835:Derwent Valley Mills
3821:St Augustine's Abbey
3817:Canterbury Cathedral
3323:Pont Fawr (Llanrwst)
3313:Conwy Railway Bridge
3076:Rivers & streams
2650:General bibliography
1749:, pp. 123–125;
1545:Notes and references
1385:John Owen (Royalist)
1049:Homines defensabiles
825:on 29 October 2019.
712:the Council of State
538:Sir William de Cicon
468:Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
360:walled town of Conwy
339:Welsh pronunciation:
272:Cultural: i, iii, iv
4527:Scheduled monuments
4418:Maen Achwyfan Cross
4315:Scheduled monuments
4191:Prehistoric Britain
4105:Inaccessible Island
3729:Monarchy portal
3275:Castles & forts
2594:figures follow the
2581:, pp. 190–192.
2568:. pp. 47, 122.
2259:, pp. 21, 24;
2215:. 28 December 2023.
792:World Heritage Site
647:17th–21st centuries
568:14th–15th centuries
526:James of St. George
501:and westwards from
410:World Heritage Site
186:James of St. George
108: /
4494:Heritage registers
4413:Llywelyn's coronet
3954:Edinburgh Old Town
3939:
3916:Studley Royal Park
3888:Maritime Greenwich
3825:St Martin's Church
3359:Conwy RSPB reserve
3153:Ffrwd Cerriguniawn
1684:, pp. 172–173
1113:Kingdom of England
984:San Giorio di Susa
972:
939:
923:
866:Creuddyn peninsula
854:
852:Plan of the castle
828:In December 2023,
788:scheduled monument
692:Archbishop of York
660:
578:
495:
464:Llywelyn the Great
112:53.28°N 3.825556°W
4729:
4728:
4707:
4706:
4603:
4602:
4565:Caernarfon Castle
4423:Moel Hebog shield
4403:Llanllyfni lunula
4196:Prehistoric Wales
4141:
4140:
4052:
4045:
4034:
4028:Caernarfon Castle
4023:
3976:
3897:Westminster Abbey
3857:
3806:
3749:
3748:
3516:
3515:
3435:Conwy Valley line
3328:Tal-y-Cafn Bridge
3022:Llanbedr-y-Cennin
2985:Other settlements
2892:978-1-85760-209-8
2854:978-0-521-45828-3
2817:978-1-84217-380-0
2798:978-0-7864-5918-6
2779:978-0-203-44126-8
2760:978-0-7524-1445-4
2741:978-1-84217-380-0
2705:978-1-84217-380-0
2686:978-1-84217-380-0
2667:978-1-85760-259-3
2189:. 7 November 2019
1817:, pp. 10, 35
1777:, pp. 27, 29
1763:Given-Wilson 1996
1564:Richard le Scrope
1550:Explanatory notes
1220:John de Beauchamp
836:in Scotland, and
780:Ministry of Works
676:English Civil War
619:. In March 1401,
610:Pontefract Castle
594:Henry Bolingbroke
546:Madog ap Llywelyn
466:and his grandson
383:English Civil War
368:Madog ap Llywelyn
356:conquest of Wales
324:
323:
234:English Civil War
221:Madog ap Llywelyn
4835:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4737:
4719:
4718:
4671:
4670:
4560:Beaumaris Castle
4490:
4489:
4443:St Brynach Cross
4438:Rhos Rydd Shield
4363:Bryn Gwyn stones
4310:Protected wrecks
4261:Industrial sites
4246:Bronze Age sites
4168:
4161:
4154:
4145:
4144:
4110:Henderson Island
4079:Giant's Causeway
4072:Northern Ireland
4048:
4037:
4026:
4021:Beaumaris Castle
4019:
3972:
3936:
3863:Ironbridge Gorge
3853:
3801:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3741:Wales portal
3739:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3726:
3715:
3714:
3640:Hope (Caergwrle)
3612:
3552:castles in Wales
3543:
3536:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3507:Wales portal
3505:
3504:
3503:
3454:Railway stations
3404:Tŷ Mawr Wybrnant
3399:Tu Hwnt i'r Bont
3354:Cadair Ifan Goch
3266:Mynydd Hiraethog
3256:Bwlch-y-Ddeufaen
3225:Grey Mare's Tail
3133:Afon Porth-llwyd
3118:Afon Gallt y Gwg
2950:
2943:
2936:
2927:
2926:
2896:
2877:
2858:
2830:
2821:
2802:
2783:
2764:
2745:
2726:
2709:
2690:
2671:
2644:
2643:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2555:
2546:
2545:, pp. 39–40
2540:
2531:
2530:, pp. 43–44
2525:
2519:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2436:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2405:
2404:, pp. 32–33
2399:
2393:
2392:, pp. 31–32
2387:
2381:
2380:, pp. 29–31
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2356:, pp. 28–29
2351:
2345:
2339:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2305:, pp. 24–25
2300:
2291:
2285:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2233:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2163:on 24 March 2012
2162:
2155:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2123:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2077:, pp. 18–19
2072:
2066:
2060:
2049:
2043:
2034:
2033:, pp. 15–16
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1979:
1978:, pp. 14–15
1973:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1952:. MeasuringWorth
1946:
1940:
1934:
1921:
1915:
1906:
1905:, pp. 12–13
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1884:. Luminarium.org
1878:
1872:
1866:
1849:
1848:, pp. 11–12
1843:
1837:
1831:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1629:, pp. 34–35
1624:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1596:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1560:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1295:Sir Richard Pole
1278:King Richard III
1146:John de Havering
995:
815:Hyogo prefecture
629:War of the Roses
345:
340:
136:Site information
123:
122:
120:
119:
118:
117:53.28; -3.825556
113:
109:
106:
105:
104:
101:
75:
74:
68:
52:
43:
21:
20:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4766:
4764:
4754:
4752:
4742:
4740:
4732:
4730:
4725:
4703:
4669:
4599:
4536:
4488:
4452:
4346:
4337:Treasure troves
4202:
4177:
4172:
4142:
4137:
4119:
4083:
4067:
3996:
3940:
3934:
3929:
3925:Tower of London
3920:Fountains Abbey
3812:Blenheim Palace
3785:
3780:
3750:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3721:
3709:
3701:
3680:
3644:
3613:
3604:
3553:
3547:
3517:
3512:
3501:
3499:
3490:
3449:
3408:
3337:
3301:
3270:
3234:
3208:
3199:Llyn Geirionydd
3177:
3148:Afon Garreg-wen
3098:Afon Hiraethlyn
3093:Afon Geirionydd
3071:
2980:
2959:
2954:
2914:Wayback Machine
2903:
2893:
2855:
2818:
2799:
2780:
2761:
2742:
2715:English Castles
2706:
2687:
2668:
2652:
2647:
2640:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2590:United Kingdom
2589:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2556:
2549:
2543:Coldstream 2010
2541:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2510:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2446:
2439:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2294:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2236:
2224:
2220:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2052:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1924:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1633:
1625:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1525:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1441:
1420:King George III
1401:King Charles II
1343:Queen Elizabeth
1304:King Henry VIII
1233:Sir Henry Percy
1213:King Richard II
1191:King Edward III
1101:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1001:
996:
976:County of Savoy
846:
763:J. M. W. Turner
649:
570:
542:Rhuddlan Castle
452:Aberconwy Abbey
448:
443:
338:
304:
301:Listed Building
252:
239:
208:
116:
114:
110:
107:
102:
99:
97:
95:
94:
86:
85:
84:
83:
82:
81:
80:
76:
55:
38:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4841:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4775:
4774:
4762:
4750:
4748:United Kingdom
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4680:
4678:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4583:Harlech Castle
4580:
4571:
4562:
4552:
4546:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4428:Mold gold cape
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4388:Cross of Neith
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4325:Gorsedd stones
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4251:Iron Age sites
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4171:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4148:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4050:Harlech Castle
4046:
4035:
4024:
4012:
4006:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3965:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3873:Jurassic Coast
3870:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3855:Hadrian's Wall
3846:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3625:Castell y Bere
3621:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3389:Surf Snowdonia
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3349:Bodnant Garden
3345:
3343:
3342:Other features
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3261:Cefn Cyfarwydd
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3158:Afon Melynllyn
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2902:
2901:External links
2899:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2878:
2859:
2853:
2840:
2822:
2816:
2803:
2797:
2784:
2778:
2765:
2759:
2746:
2740:
2727:
2710:
2704:
2691:
2685:
2672:
2666:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2620:
2607:MeasuringWorth
2596:MeasuringWorth
2583:
2571:
2547:
2532:
2520:
2514:, p. 43;
2504:
2492:
2480:
2474:, p. 83;
2464:
2452:
2437:
2431:, p. 86;
2421:
2406:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2346:
2331:
2319:
2307:
2292:
2277:
2265:
2249:
2234:
2228:, p. 21;
2218:
2200:
2174:
2142:
2131:on 2 June 2014
2101:, p. 19;
2091:
2079:
2067:
2050:
2035:
2023:
1997:
1980:
1968:
1941:
1922:
1907:
1895:
1873:
1850:
1838:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1789:, p. 10;
1779:
1767:
1755:
1739:
1722:
1720:, pp. 8–9
1710:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1660:, pp. 6–7
1646:
1631:
1616:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:Henry Somerset
1568:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1510:
1503:
1501:
1494:
1492:
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1483:
1476:
1474:
1467:
1465:
1458:
1456:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1433:Queen Victoria
1430:
1429:
1426:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1398:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1314:King Edward VI
1311:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1288:King Henry VII
1285:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1262:King Edward IV
1259:
1258:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1235:
1223:
1222:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1184:Wigmore Castle
1180:Roger Mortimer
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1158:King Edward II
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1129:
1100:
1097:
1009:
1006:
998:
997:
990:
989:
988:
908:machicolations
845:
842:
838:Kylemore Abbey
773:in 1826 and a
751:Moses Griffith
732:Earl of Conway
648:
645:
569:
566:
480:Deganwy Castle
447:
444:
442:
439:
426:machicolations
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
306:
305:
299:
296:
295:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
273:
270:
264:
263:
258:
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253:
248:
245:
244:
241:
240:
238:
237:
231:
224:
216:
214:
210:
209:
207:
206:
201:
195:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
163:cadw.gov.wales
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
92:
88:
87:
78:
77:
70:
69:
63:
62:
61:
60:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
35:
34:
29:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4840:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4773:
4763:
4761:
4751:
4749:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4722:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4320:Stone circles
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4283:Monmouthshire
4281:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4157:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3975:
3974:Antonine Wall
3971:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3883:Lake District
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:Durham Castle
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3777:
3772:
3770:
3765:
3763:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3544:
3539:
3537:
3532:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3509:
3508:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3379:Moel Maelogan
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3369:Klondyke mill
3367:
3365:
3364:Gwydir Forest
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3292:Gwydir Castle
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:Mynydd y Dref
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3189:Llyn Crafnant
3187:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:Afon Crafnant
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2894:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2641:
2639:0-85115-913-3
2635:
2631:
2624:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2580:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2554:
2552:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2484:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2456:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2350:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2328:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2274:
2269:
2263:, p. 210
2262:
2258:
2253:
2247:, p. 115
2246:
2241:
2239:
2232:, p. 115
2231:
2227:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2127:
2120:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1972:
1965:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1883:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1842:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1776:
1771:
1765:, p. 157
1764:
1759:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1696:, p. 101
1695:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1656:, p. 5;
1655:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1540:
1537:
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1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1386:
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1380:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1360:
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1357:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1336:
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1327:
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1321:
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1298:
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1290:
1289:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1256:Ralph Boteler
1253:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:King Henry VI
1243:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:King Henry IV
1221:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
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1162:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:King Edward I
1128:
1126:
1125:Great Britain
1122:
1118:
1115:and then the
1114:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
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1054:
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931:
927:
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909:
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890:
886:
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877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
850:
841:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
811:Himeji Castle
807:
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:Arnold Taylor
781:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:Thomas Girtin
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
728:Edward Conway
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
705:Trevor family
702:
701:Thomas Mytton
697:
693:
689:
688:John Williams
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:Edward Conway
665:
658:
653:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
622:
621:Rhys ap Tudur
618:
617:Owain Glyndŵr
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
574:
565:
563:
559:
554:
550:
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457:
453:
438:
436:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
401:
396:
392:
391:Parliamentary
388:
384:
379:
377:
376:Owain Glyndŵr
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
354:, during his
353:
349:
344:
336:
335:Castell Conwy
332:
328:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
271:
269:
265:
262:
259:
255:
251:
246:
242:
235:
232:
229:
228:Owain Glyndŵr
225:
222:
218:
217:
215:
211:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
194:
190:
187:
184:
182:Built by
180:
176:
172:
167:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
134:
130:
126:
121:
93:
89:
67:
58:
51:
46:
41:
36:
32:
31:Castell Conwy
27:
22:
19:
4574:Conwy Castle
4573:
4457:Preservation
4368:Cadfan Stone
4305:Long barrows
4271:Ring of Iron
4231:Celtic field
4100:Gough Island
4039:Conwy Castle
4038:
3963:Forth Bridge
3697:Ring of Iron
3584:
3498:
3374:Maenan Abbey
3287:Conwy Castle
3286:
3168:Afon Tafolog
3143:Afon Ddu (2)
3128:Afon Ddu (1)
3123:Nant y Goron
3037:Llanrhychwyn
3032:Llangelynnin
2992:Betws-y-Coed
2957:Conwy Valley
2882:
2864:
2844:
2838:Google Books
2831:
2826:
2807:
2788:
2769:
2750:
2731:
2714:
2695:
2676:
2658:Conwy Castle
2657:
2629:
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2605:
2595:
2586:
2574:
2560:
2523:
2518:, p. 77
2507:
2502:, p. 43
2495:
2490:, p. 35
2483:
2478:, p. 86
2467:
2462:, p. 21
2455:
2450:, p. 34
2435:, p. 35
2424:
2419:, p. 33
2397:
2385:
2373:
2368:, p. 30
2361:
2349:
2344:, p. 27
2329:, p. 26
2322:
2317:, p. 25
2310:
2290:, p. 23
2275:, p. 22
2268:
2252:
2221:
2213:nation.cymru
2212:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2186:
2177:
2167:12 September
2165:. Retrieved
2158:the original
2145:
2135:12 September
2133:. Retrieved
2126:the original
2110:12 September
2108:. Retrieved
2094:
2089:, p. 19
2082:
2070:
2065:, p. 18
2048:, p. 17
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
2010:
2000:
1995:, p. 16
1971:
1966:, p. 23
1956:12 September
1954:. Retrieved
1944:
1939:, p. 14
1920:, p. 13
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1876:
1871:, p. 12
1841:
1836:, p. 11
1810:
1805:, p. 91
1798:
1793:, p. 91
1782:
1770:
1758:
1742:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1649:
1644:, p. 47
1609:12 September
1607:. Retrieved
1594:
1571:
1558:
1431:
1418:
1415:
1406:1661 :
1399:
1389:
1383:1645 :
1377:1643 :
1371:1627 :
1366:King Charles
1364:
1354:
1341:
1331:
1322:1551 :
1312:
1302:
1293:1488 :
1286:
1276:
1270:1483 :
1260:
1254:1416 :
1247:
1239:John Chandos
1231:1399 :
1224:
1218:1383 :
1211:
1199:1330 :
1189:
1156:
1144:1300 :
1102:
1081:Carpentarius
1042:
1011:
973:
952:
948:Corfe Castle
943:
940:
928:
924:
901:
878:
855:
844:Architecture
840:in Ireland.
834:Eilean Donan
827:
808:
800:
736:
709:
661:
633:Lancastrians
626:
614:
606:Flint Castle
587:
579:
530:
523:
515:Maenan Abbey
496:
473:
449:
446:13th century
422:postern gate
404:
380:
327:Conwy Castle
326:
325:
169:Site history
79:Conwy Castle
30:
24:Conwy Castle
18:
4433:Nanteos Cup
4383:Carew Cross
4256:Roman sites
3802:as part of
3635:Dolwyddelan
3565:Aberystwyth
3230:Fairy Falls
3220:Conwy Falls
3173:Afon Gyffin
3113:Afon Llugwy
3103:Afon Machno
3067:Tyn-y-groes
2528:Ashbee 2007
2516:Ashbee 2010
2512:Ashbee 2007
2500:Ashbee 2007
2488:Ashbee 2007
2476:Brears 2010
2472:Ashbee 2010
2460:Ashbee 2007
2448:Ashbee 2007
2433:Ashbee 2007
2429:Brears 2010
2417:Ashbee 2007
2402:Ashbee 2007
2390:Ashbee 2007
2378:Ashbee 2007
2366:Ashbee 2007
2354:Ashbee 2007
2342:Ashbee 2007
2327:Ashbee 2007
2315:Ashbee 2007
2303:Ashbee 2007
2288:Ashbee 2007
2273:Ashbee 2007
2261:Lepage 2012
2257:Ashbee 2007
2226:Ashbee 2007
2099:Ashbee 2007
2087:Ashbee 2007
2075:Ashbee 2007
2063:Ashbee 2007
2046:Ashbee 2007
2031:Ashbee 2007
1993:Ashbee 2007
1976:Ashbee 2007
1937:Ashbee 2007
1918:Ashbee 2007
1903:Ashbee 2007
1869:Ashbee 2007
1846:Ashbee 2007
1834:Ashbee 2007
1815:Ashbee 2007
1803:Brears 2010
1791:Brears 2010
1787:Ashbee 2007
1775:Ashbee 2007
1753:, p. 8
1751:Taylor 2008
1737:, p. 9
1735:Ashbee 2007
1718:Ashbee 2007
1708:, p. 7
1706:Ashbee 2007
1682:Pounds 1994
1672:, p. 6
1670:Ashbee 2007
1658:Taylor 2008
1654:Ashbee 2007
1642:Ashbee 2007
1627:Ashbee 2007
1073:Cementarius
1069:Stone mason
1057:Attilliator
1053:Baslistarii
893:lime render
775:rail bridge
771:road bridge
759:Paul Sandby
739:picturesque
720:restoration
666:sold it to
627:During the
602:Henry Percy
534:crossbowmen
476:River Conwy
414:River Conwy
290:1986 (10th
287:Inscription
115: /
91:Coordinates
4782:Categories
4578:Town Walls
4569:Town Walls
4043:Town Walls
4032:Town Walls
3987:New Lanark
3899:including
3580:Caernarfon
3550:Edward I's
3445:Sarn Helen
3297:Pen y Gaer
3213:Waterfalls
3138:Afon Dulyn
3108:Afon Lledr
3083:Afon Conwy
3057:Tal-y-Cafn
3052:Tal-y-bont
3027:Llanddoged
3012:Glan Conwy
3007:Eglwysbach
1964:Pugin 1895
1747:Brown 1962
1356:King James
1333:Queen Mary
1065:Capellanus
1038:ex officio
1028:(prison),
960:crab-apple
912:portcullis
889:cross-wall
874:the Wirral
830:Condé Nast
724:Charles II
684:Parliament
641:Henry VIII
590:Richard II
544:. In 1294
503:Montgomery
499:Carmarthen
456:Cistercian
372:Richard II
309:Designated
226:Revolt of
219:Revolt of
100:53°16′48″N
4677:(defunct)
4351:Artefacts
4332:Tor cairn
4278:Hillforts
3844:Cathedral
3630:Criccieth
3570:Beaumaris
3413:Transport
3251:Tal y Fan
3204:Llyn Parc
3194:Llyn Elsi
3002:Dolgarrog
2579:Lowe 1912
2245:Lott 2010
2230:Lott 2010
2016:16 August
1587:Citations
1107:from the
1077:Carpenter
1014:Constable
944:Gloriette
862:limestone
858:sandstone
767:Llandudno
696:John Owen
664:Charles I
558:Edward II
420:, with a
418:barbicans
387:Charles I
378:in 1401.
364:the siege
303:– Grade I
277:Reference
236:(1642–46)
230:(1400–09)
223:(1294–95)
204:Sandstone
199:Limestone
192:Materials
151:Condition
103:3°49′32″W
4721:Category
3992:St Kilda
3958:New Town
3946:Scotland
3906:Saltaire
3666:Hawarden
3600:Rhuddlan
3282:Canovium
3163:Afon Roe
2971:Llanrwst
2910:Archived
2874:31592053
2187:BBC News
1523:See also
1121:monarchy
1105:Monarchs
1093:Residuum
1087:(Latin:
1079:(Latin:
1071:(Latin:
1063:(Latin:
1061:Chaplain
1018:Governor
904:barbican
897:hoarding
794:of the "
716:slighted
637:Yorkists
635:and the
519:colonial
484:Edward I
395:slighted
352:Edward I
268:Criteria
42:, Wales
4772:History
4734:Portals
4507:Coflein
4266:Castles
4219:UK-wide
3790:England
3661:Denbigh
3595:Harlech
3306:Bridges
3062:Trefriw
2997:Caerhun
2920:the mug
2723:1392314
2613:15 July
1444:Gallery
1085:Artisan
1022:borough
1016:were -
870:Chester
743:sublime
598:Ireland
507:Chester
471:Llys."
441:History
292:Session
257:Part of
177:1283–89
159:Website
4288:Rounds
4236:Dolmen
4125:Former
3676:Ruthin
3575:Builth
3042:Maenan
3017:Henryd
2889:
2872:
2851:
2814:
2795:
2776:
2757:
2738:
2721:
2702:
2683:
2664:
2636:
2193:8 June
1888:22 May
1604:UNESCO
1111:, the
980:putlog
823:Himeji
730:, the
690:, the
672:Edward
562:homage
511:county
406:UNESCO
213:Events
154:Ruined
4760:Wales
4608:Other
4474:Heneb
4342:Tumps
4293:Atlas
4207:Sites
4002:Wales
3685:Other
3656:Chirk
3590:Flint
3585:Conwy
3430:B5106
3182:Lakes
3047:Rowen
2976:Conwy
2964:Towns
2161:(PDF)
2154:(PDF)
2129:(PDF)
2122:(PDF)
1089:Faber
1083:), 1
1075:), 1
1067:), 1
1059:), 1
1045:Latin
1034:Latin
1030:Mayor
956:vines
885:Outer
881:Inner
819:Japan
460:Conwy
431:Savoy
348:Conwy
331:Welsh
174:Built
141:Owner
40:Conwy
4576:and
4567:and
4464:Cadw
4041:and
4030:and
3956:and
3918:and
3895:and
3842:and
3823:and
3797:Bath
3671:Holt
3420:A470
2887:ISBN
2870:OCLC
2849:ISBN
2812:ISBN
2793:ISBN
2774:ISBN
2755:ISBN
2736:ISBN
2719:OCLC
2700:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2662:ISBN
2634:ISBN
2615:2024
2195:2021
2169:2012
2137:2012
2112:2012
2018:2020
1958:2012
1890:2013
1611:2012
1026:gaol
883:and
872:and
860:and
803:Cadw
782:and
761:and
741:and
682:and
505:and
400:Cadw
312:1950
145:Cadw
128:Type
2836:at
1182:of
1127:.
1123:of
946:at
798:".
722:of
366:of
281:374
4784::
3819:,
3425:A5
2604:.
2550:^
2535:^
2440:^
2409:^
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2295:^
2280:^
2237:^
2211:.
2185:.
2116:;
2053:^
2038:^
2009:.
1983:^
1962:;
1925:^
1910:^
1853:^
1822:^
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1047::
1036::
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817:,
813:,
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753:,
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3528:v
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2895:.
2876:.
2857:.
2820:.
2801:.
2782:.
2763:.
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2725:.
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1613:.
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1032:(
329:(
294:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
