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period of US military occupation, cricket gave way to baseball, which rapidly assumed widespread popularity, although cricket remains the favorite in the
British Caribbean. Baseball had the greatest following in those nations occupied at length by the US military, especially the Dominican Republic and Cuba, as well as Nicaragua, Panama, and Puerto Rico. Even Venezuela, which wasn't occupied by the US military during this time period, still became a popular baseball destination. All of these countries have emerged as sources of baseball talent, since many players hone their skills on local teams, or in “academies” managed by the US Major Leagues to cultivate the most promising young men for their own teams.
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origin of most settlers in the
Caribbean during the colonial era. As an example of this can include buildings, part of the music, the Catholic religion and language. Spanish influences are evident bullfights and certain features of the cuisine. Venezuela also enriched by other streams of Indian and European origin in the 19th century, especially France. In the last stage of the great cities and regions entered the U.S. oil source and demonstrations of the new immigration of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese, increasing the already complex cultural mosaic. For example: From the United States comes the influence of the taste of baseball and modern architectural structures
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712:
diplomacy, trade, banking, and investment in railways and mines. The
English language and British cultural norms were transmitted by energetic young British business agents on temporary assignment in the major commercial centers, where they invited locals into the British leisure activities, such as organized sports, and into their transplanted cultural institutions such as schools and clubs. The British role never disappeared, but it faded rapidly after 1914 as the British cashed in their investments to pay for the Great War, and the United States, another Anglophone power, moved into the region with overwhelming force and similar cultural norms.
1510:
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1971:
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2334:
5908:
1979:
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2750:
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1880:). These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities. Thus, this leads to a variety across the land. Meat is also widely consumed, and constitutes one of the main ingredients in many Latin American countries where they are considered specialties, referred to as
3363:
2811:
1063:. Sor Juana was the first philosopher to question the status of the woman in Latin American society. When Catholic Church official instructed Sor Juana to abandon intellectual pursuits that were improper for a woman, Sor Juana's extensive answer defends rational equality between men and women, makes a powerful case for women's right to education, and develops an understanding of wisdom as a form of
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reason these places are the most popular among the middle and upper classes is that they offer a sense of security and provide social status. Swimming pools or golf clubs, and/or some other commodities are found in these fraccionamientos. Poorer
Mexicans, by contrast, live a harsh life, although they share the importance they grant to family, friends and cultural habits.
3322:
melting pots of people (many of whom are refugees) from the various provinces. According to a study in late 2004 by the
Erasmus University in Rotterdam, Colombians are one of the happiest people in the world; this despite its four-decade long armed conflict involving the government, paramilitaries, drug lords, corruption and guerrillas like the FARC and ELN.
2995:, a federal republic that later dissolved, however, the people in these countries believe each other to be their brothers and sisters and as such share many traditions and festivals. Peru and Bolivia were also one single country until Bolivia declared its independence, nevertheless, both nations are close neighbors that have somewhat similar cultures.
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mazurka, polka and waltz. The
Germans that migrated to Nicaragua are speculated to have been from the regions of Germany which were annexed to present-day Poland following the Second World War; hence the genres of mazurka, polka in addition to the waltz. One of the more famous composers of classical music and Nicaraguan waltz was
2796:, who is associated with the subterranean force of masculine fertility and prostitution. Always depicted in black, he wears a black hat and sits on a chair, often with a cigar placed in his mouth and a gun in his hand, with offerings of tobacco, alcohol and Coca-Cola at his feet. The locals know him as San Simon of Guatemala.
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influence. Except for some political criticism in the low comedies, the dramas of this period were not popular. Occasionally the question of dependence on Europe or North
America has raised. Even with more Latin American influence of theatre starting to filter in, its theatre still was under the heavy influence of Europe.
438:
1095:(Argentina 1891–1962) coined the phrase 'philosophical normality' in 1940, in reference to philosophical thinking as 'an ordinary function of culture in Hispanic America.' Other Latin American philosophers of his era include Alejandro Korn (Argentina, 1860–1936) who authored 'The Creative Freedom' and
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The next phase was from 1958 to the signing of the
Institutional Act Number Five in 1968. It marked the end of freedom and democracy. These ten years were the most productive of the century. During these years dramaturgy matured through the plays of Guarnieri, Vianinha, Boal, Dias Gomes, and Chico de
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In the 19th century, Brazilian theatre began with romanticism along with a fervour for political independence. During this time, racial issues were discussed in contradictory terms, but even so, there were some significant plays, including a series of popular comedies by
Martins Penna, França Junior,
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The standard of living in Mexico is higher than most of the other countries in Latin
America attracting migrants in search for better opportunities. With the recent economic growth, many high-income families live in single houses, commonly found within a gated community, called "fraccionamiento". The
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that cater to people of all ages and interests. A large number of them, have multiplex cinemas, international and local restaurants, food courts, cafes, bars, bookstores and most of the international renowned clothing brands are found too. Mexicans are prone to travel within their own country, making
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After the large decrease in the native population, the indigenous consciousness and identity in theatre disappeared, though pieces did have indigenous elements to them. The theatre that progressed in Latin America is argued to be theatre that the conquerors brought to the Americas, not the theatre of
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movement created a particular way of making movies with critical and intellectual screenplays, a clearer photography related to the light of the outdoors in a tropical landscape, and a political message. The modern Brazilian film industry has become more profitable inside the country, and some of its
522:
has more than a million speakers in Mexico. Although Mexico has almost 80 native languages across the country, the government nor the constitution specify an official language (not even Spanish), also, some regions of the nation do not speak any modern way of language and still preserve their ancient
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In the 20th century, the two most important production centers for professional theatre were São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. They were centers of industrial and economic development. Even with the development of these two theatres, World War I brought an end to tours by European theatres so there were
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for example became an opportunity for all classes and colors to congregate without prejudice. The introduction of the bill of rights of men and the abolishment of slavery (1850) eased the segregationist tensions between the races, but the dominance of the whites prevailed and prevails to some extent
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is a dramatic work consisting of dance and text that is preserved as it was originally represented. It is thought to date from the 15th century and narrates the mythical and dynastic origins of the Kek'chi' people and their relationships with neighboring peoples. The Rabinal Achí is performed during
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have emerged in the last two decades, making rock music quite popular among young people. Guatemala also has an almost five-century-old tradition of art music, spanning from the first liturgical chant and polyphony introduced in 1524 to contemporary art music. Much of the music composed in Guatemala
711:
In long-term perspective, Britain's influence in Latin America was enormous after independence came in the 1820s. Britain deliberately sought to replace the Spanish and Portuguese in economic and cultural affairs. Military issues and colonization were minor factors. The influence was exerted through
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World War II saw Brazil gain several foreign directors, especially from Italy, who wanted to make a theatre free from nationalistic overtones. Paradoxically, this led to a second renewal that engaged popular forms and sentiments; a renewal that was decidedly nationalistic with social point of view.
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The culture of Colombia lies at the crossroads of Latin America. Thanks partly to geography, Colombian culture has been heavily fragmented into five major cultural regions. Rural to urban migration and globalization have changed how many Colombians live and express themselves as large cities become
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is a satirical drama and was the first literary work of post-Columbian Nicaragua. It is regarded as one of Latin America's most distinctive colonial-era expressions and as Nicaragua's signature folkloric masterpiece combining music, dance and theater. The theatrical play was written by an anonymous
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is the most significant work of Guatemalan literature in the Quiché language, and one of the most important of Pre-Columbian American literature. It is a compendium of Mayan stories and legends, aimed to preserve Mayan traditions. The first known version of this text dates from the 16th century and
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that formed the cosmogonic view of the world that indigenous people had. Some of these stories are still known in Nicaragua. Like many Latin American countries, the Spanish conquerors and African slaves have had the most effect on both the culture and the literature. Nicaraguan literature is among
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Pre-Columbian rituals were how the indigenous came in contact with the divine. Spaniards used plays to Christianize and colonize the indigenous peoples of the Americas in the 16th century. Theatre was a potent tool in manipulating a population already accustomed to spectacle. Theatre became a tool
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One of the main characteristics of Latin American music is its diversity, from the lively rhythms of Central America and the Caribbean to the more austere sounds of southern South America. Another feature of Latin American music is its original blending of the variety of styles that arrived in the
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In the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries there was a flow of Spanish and Portuguese emigrants who left for Latin America. It was never a large movement of people, but over the long period of time it had a major impact on Latin American populations: the Portuguese left for Brazil and the Spaniards left
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At present the Indian influence is limited to a few words of vocabulary and gastronomy. The African influence in the same way, in addition to musical instruments like the drum. The Spanish influence was more important and in particular came from the regions of Andalusia and Extremadura, places of
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In some parts of the Caribbean and Central America baseball outshined soccer in terms of popularity. The sport started in the late 19th century when sugar companies imported cane cutters from the British Caribbean. During their free time, the workers would play cricket, but later, during the long
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is a mixture of indigenous and European, especially Spanish and to a lesser extent German, influences. The latter was a result of the German migration to the central-north regions of Las Segovias where Germans settled and brought with them polka music which influenced and evolved into Nicaraguan
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Theatre in Latin America existed before the Europeans came to the continent. The natives of Latin America had their own rituals, festivals, and ceremonies. They involved dance, singing of poetry, song, theatrical skits, mime, acrobatics, and magic shows. The performers were trained; they wore
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In November 1927, Alvaro Moreyra founded the Toy Theatre (Teatro de Brinquedo). Like this company, it was in the late 1920s when the first stable theatre companies formed around well-known actors. These actors were able to practice authentic Brazilian gestures gradually freed from Portuguese
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The majority of the Ecuadorian population is mestizo, a mixture of both European and Amerindian ancestry, and much like their ancestry, the national culture is also a blend of these two sources, along with influences from slaves from Africa in the coastal region. 95% of Ecuadorians are Roman
2011:
population and high density of those of European descent. Northern Mexicans are also more Americanized due to the common border with the United States. Central and southern Mexico is where many well-known traditions find their origin, therefore the people from this area are in a way the most
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Bolivia and Peru both still have significant Native American populations (primarily Quechua and Aymara) which mixed Spanish cultural elements with their ancestors' traditions. The Spanish-speaking population mainly follows the Western customs. Important archaeological ruins, gold and silver
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is well known for its candy which makes use of many local ingredients fruits, seeds and nuts along with honey, condensed milk and other traditional sweeteners. Antigua's candy is very popular when tourists visit the country for the first time and is a great choice in the search for new and
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1755:, but solo variations exist. The dances emphasize passionate hip movements and the connection between partners. Many of the dances are done in a close embrace while others are more traditional and similar to ballroom dancing, holding a stronger frame between the partners.
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Ethno-racial groups maintained their ancestral heritage culture: whites tried to keep themselves, despite the growing number of illegitimate children of mixed African or indigenous ancestry. These people were labeled with any number of descriptive names, derived from the
1166:
Latina/o philosophy is a tradition of thought referring both to the work of many Latina/o philosophers in the United States and to a specific set of philosophical problems and method of questioning that relate to Latina/o identity as a hyphenated experience, borders,
3536:, Zacarías García and Manuel Quintana Castillo. In more recent times, Venezuela produced a new diverse generation of innovating painters. Some of them are: Alejandro Bello, Edgard Álvarez Estrada, Gloria Fiallo, Felipe Herrera, Alberto Guacache and Morella Jurado.
1187:. “Latina/o philosophy” is used by some to refer also to Latin American philosophy practiced within Latin America and the United States, while others argue that to maintain specificity Latina/o philosophy should only refer to a subset of Latin American philosophy.
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culture but enriched with Amerindian sounds/flavors. The Pacific coast of the country was colonized by Spain and has a similar culture to other Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. The Caribbean coast of the country, on the other hand, was once a British
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The Europeans used this to their advantage. For the first fifty years after the Conquest the missionaries used theatre widely to spread the Christian doctrine to a population accustomed to the visual and oral quality of spectacle and thus maintaining a form of
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bands of Mexico stirred up quick paced rhythms and playful movements at the same time that Cuba embraced similar musical and dance styles. Traditional dances were blended with new, modern ways of moving, evolving into a blended, more contemporary forms.
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is famous around the world whether in the indigenous languages present in the country or in Spanish. Though there was likely literature in Guatemala before the arrival of the Spanish, all the texts that exist today were written after their arrival. The
1304:. Brazil perhaps constitutes its own musical area, both because of its large size and incredible diversity as well as its unique history as a Portuguese colony. Musically, Latin America has also influenced its former colonial metropoles.
2028:(citizens from Monterrey) are thought to be rather proud and miserly, regardless of their social status. Almost every Mexican state has its own accent, making it fairly easy to distinguish the origin of someone by their use of language.
1772:. It was more effective to use the indigenous forms of communication than to put an end to the 'pagan' practices, the conquerors took out the content of the spectacles, retained the trappings, and used them to convey their own message.
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Sérgio Campos Gonçalves, “Cultura popular e suas representações: caminhos possíveis de reflexão”, Revista História em Reflexão - Programa de Pós-graduação em História – Faculdade de Ciências Humanas – UFGD (Dourados), v. 2, p. 1-19,
871:(1888). This was the first Latin American literary movement to influence literary culture outside of the region, and was also the first truly Latin American literature, in that national differences were no longer so much at issue.
1832:
Latin American cuisine refers to the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America. Latin America is a very diverse region with cuisines that vary from nation to nation.
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Theatre provided a way for the indigenous people were forced to participate in the drama of their own defeat. In 1599, the Jesuits even used cadavers of Native Americans to portray the dead in the staging of the final judgment.
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reflects the multicultural nature of Guatemala, in that it involves food that differs in taste depending on the region. Guatemala has 22 departments (or divisions), each of which has very different food varieties. For example,
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and Spanish influences and continues to be defined as a contrast between poor Mayan villagers in the rural highlands, and the urbanized and wealthy mestizos population who occupy the cities and surrounding agricultural plains.
720:
The British impact on sports was overwhelming, as Latin America took up football (called fútbol in Spanish and futebol in Portuguese). In Argentina, rugby, polo, tennis and golf became important middle-class leisure pastimes.
331:, and southern Brazil). Nowadays the Southern Cone has a majority of people of largely European descent and in all more than 80% of Latin America's European population, which is mostly descended from six groups of immigrants:
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is popular buts more specifically in the northern states (possibly because of the American influence), and a number of Mexicans have become stars in the US Major Leagues. Professional wrestling is shown on shows like
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to make music and dances. This ancient music is still played in some parts of Mexico. However, much of the traditional contemporary music of Mexico was written during and after the Spanish colonial period, using many
1423:(1887–1959) worked on the recording of native musical traditions within his homeland of Brazil. The traditions of his homeland heavily influenced his classical works. Also notable is the much recent work of the Cuban
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for Central and South America. Of the European immigrants, men greatly outnumbered women and many married Natives. This resulted in a mixing of the Amerindians and Europeans and today their descendants are known as
1559:(2001) have been successful in creating universal stories about contemporary subjects, and were internationally recognised. Nonetheless, the country has also witnessed the rise of experimental filmmakers such as
3153:. Because of the variety of climates within Peru, a wide range of plants and animals are available for cooking. Peruvian cuisine has recently received acclaim due to its diversity of ingredients and techniques.
2007:. Mexico is a large country with a large population, therefore having many cultural traits found only in some parts of the country. Northern Mexico is the least culturally diverse region due to its very low
1155:'s book "The Idea of Latin America" expounds on how the idea of Latin America and Latin American philosopher, as a precursor to Latino philosophy, was formed and propagated. Giannina Braschi's writings on
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Assis, as did mise-en-scene in the work of Boal, Jost Celso Martinez Correa, Flavio Rangel, and Antunes Filho. During this decade a generation accepted theatre as an activity with social responsibility.
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During this time, the Stanislavsky system of acting was most popular and widely used. Stanislavski himself came to Brazil via Eugenio Kusnet, a Russian actor who had met him at the Moscow Art Theatre.
3834:, 1937). They were an attempt to deal with political themes, nationalism, and anti-imperialism. His theatre was inspired by Meyerhold's and Brecht's theories, with a political sarcasm like Mayakovsky.
2887:). This music is played at social functions as a sort of background music. The marimba is made with hardwood plates, placed over bamboo or metal tubes of varying lengths. It is played with two or four
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Brazilian contemporary photography is one of the most creative in Latin America, growing in international prominence each year with exhibitions and publications. Photographers like Miguel Rio Branco,
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from the family of the xylophones, which is played all over the country, even in the remotest corners. Towns also have wind and percussion bands -week processions, as well as on other occasions. The
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and the more popular Latin dances were created and embraced into the culture in the early and middle 1900s and have since been able to retain their significance both in and outside the Americas. The
1783:
While the plays were promoting a new sacred order, their first priority was to support the new secular, political order. Theatre under the colonizers primarily at the service of the administration.
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art dominated in colonial times, though it was modified by native traditions. During this period, most art focused on religious subjects; the numerous churches of the era and the paintings of the
1521:
Latin American cinema flourished after the introduction of sound, which added a linguistic barrier to the export of Hollywood film south of the border. The 1950s and 1960s saw a movement towards
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and prominently feature corn, chiles and beans as key ingredients. Various dishes may have the same name as a dish from a neighboring country, but may in fact be quite different for example the
154:, whose importance is today particularly notable in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay. These cultures are central to Indigenous communities such as the
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Latin America has a strong tradition of evolving dance styles. Some of its dance and music is considered to emphasize sexuality, and have become popular outside of their countries of origin.
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At its height, this phase of Brazilian theatre was characterized by an affirmation of national values. Actors and directors became political activists who risked their jobs and lives daily.
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traditions that attempted to establish a sense of national identity, and which often focussed on the indigenous question or the dichotomy of "civilization or barbarism" (for which see, say,
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which is also common across Central America. The marimba of Nicaragua is uniquely played by a sitting performer holding the instrument on his knees. It is usually accompanied by a bass
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were two common instruments. Spanish conquest brought the introduction of new instruments such as the guitar and the harp, as well as the development of crossbred instruments like the
2841:. English is still predominant in this region and spoken domestically along with Spanish and indigenous languages. Its culture is similar to that of Caribbean nations that were or are
732:
2999:
ornaments, stone monuments, ceramics, and weavings remain from several important pre-Columbian cultures. Major Bolivian ruins include Tiwanaku, Samaipata, Incallajta, and Iskanwaya.
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author in the 16th century, making it one of the oldest indigenous theatrical/dance works of the Western Hemisphere. The story was published in a book in 1942 after many centuries.
1799:
1968–1974: theatre tries to claim a more homogenous definition which brings in more European models. At this point, Latin American Theatre tried to connect to its historical roots.
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and others gave magnificent examples of the heights that this soul can reach, for example:the Uruguayan born and first Latin American musician to win an OSCAR prize, Jorge Drexler.
3524:, Mario Abreu, Pancho Quilici, Carmelo Niño and Angel Peña emerged. They created a new plastic language. The 80s produced artist as Carlos Zerpa, Ernesto León, Miguel Von Dangel,
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and dresses. Each village has its own distinctive pattern, making it possible to distinguish a person's home town on sight. Women's clothing consists of a shirt and a long skirt.
246:
brought by Africans in the Trans-Atlantic former slave trade has influenced various parts of Latin America. Influences are particularly strong in dance, music, cuisine, and some
169:
19th- and 20th-century European immigration from Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, France, and Eastern Europe; which transformed the region and had an impact in countries such as
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make up the majority of the population in most Caribbean countries. Many of the former African slaves in Latin America mixed with the Europeans and their descendants (known as
2309:, and most middle-sized cities, enjoy a great variety of options for leisure. Shopping centers are a favorite among families, since there has been an increasing number of new
731:, a Dominican street version of cricket. The Dominican Republic was first introduced to cricket through mid-18th century British contact, but switched to baseball after the
140:
culture, owing to the region's history of colonization, settlement and continued immigration from Spain and Portugal. All the core elements of Latin American culture are of
1891:
Latin American beverages are just as distinct as their foods. Some of the beverages can even date back to the times of the Native Americans. Some popular beverages include
2746:. He traveled to Mexico and later to Italy, where he did. He originally wrote his Rusticatio Mexicana and his poems praising the bishop Figueredo y Victoria in Latin.
58:
perspective, Latin America generally refers to those parts of the Americas whose cultural, religious and linguistic heritage can be traced to the Latin culture of the
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Peruvian culture is primarily rooted in Amerindian and Spanish traditions, though it has also been influenced by various African, Asian, and a European ethnic group.
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1959–1968: dramaturgical structures and structures of social projects leaned more toward constructing a more native Latin American base called the "Nuestra America".
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is very diverse and features a wide range of musical genres and performance styles. It has been influenced by a variety of cultures, most notably the culture of the
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was a big industry in the first half of the 20th century. After a series of military governments that shackled culture in general, the industry re-emerged after the
1438:
Arguably, the main contribution to music entered through folklore, where the true soul of the Latin American and Caribbean countries is expressed. Musicians such as
1312:) and Latin American music strongly cross-fertilized each other, but Latin music also absorbed influences from the English-speaking world, as well as African music.
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affected the production of films in the late 1990s and early 2000s, but many Argentine movies produced during those years were internationally acclaimed, including
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is gaining prominence. Initially dominated by religious motifs, it began emphasizing historical and heroic representations in the late 19th century, a move led by
557:
2466:), though it is not a popular sport anymore. A considerable portion of the Mexican population enjoys watching bullfights. Almost all large cities have bullrings.
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movement. Latin music is very diverse, with the only truly unifying thread being the use of the Spanish language or, in Brazil, the similar Portuguese language.
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costumes, masks, makeup, wigs. Platforms had been erected to enhance visibility. The 'sets' were decorated with branches from trees and other natural objects.
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Through this growth of Latin America politically and the influence of European theatre, an identity of what is theatre in Latin America stemmed out of it.
5777:
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3467:), and social organization. Aboriginal culture was subsequently assimilated by Spaniards; over the years, the hybrid culture had diversified by region.
764:. Oral accounts of mythological and religious beliefs were also sometimes recorded after the arrival of European colonizers, as was the case with the
304:, and large percentages in Brazil, Colombia, and Honduras. Mixes between the blacks and Amerindians also occurred, and their descendants are known as
2677:
4952:
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2055:
has its antecedents in the literature of the indigenous settlements of Mesoamerica and European literature. The most well-known prehispanic poet is
795:'s description of the conquest of New Spain. During the colonial period, written culture was often in the hands of the church, within which context
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Riofrio, John (2020-03-01). "Falling for debt: Giannina Braschi, the Latino avant-garde, and financial terrorism in the United States of Banana".
527:
is, along with Spanish, the official language of Paraguay, and is spoken by a majority of the population. Furthermore, there are about 10 million
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216:
1032:, Independentist, Nationalist, and Contemporary (that is, the twentieth century to the present). Among the major Latin American philosophers is
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422:, mainly to Brazil. These people only make up a small percentage of Latin America's population but they have communities in the major cities.
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religion which prevailed throughout the country and still does in the rural regions. Beginning from negligible roots prior to 1960, however,
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are among the most popular. Each of the types of music has specific steps that go with the music, the counts, the rhythms, and the style.
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During the independization of the Americas many countries including Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador and Panama formed what was known as
239:
and influenced the culture of Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Panama, Nicaragua, Ecuador and Peru in areas such as food, art, and cultural trade.
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1943 at The Comedians: Polish director and refugee from the Nazis, Zbigniew Ziembinsky, staged in expressionist style Nelson Rodrigues'
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The Andes Region comprises roughly much of what is now Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, and Bolivia, and was the seat of the
706:
875:, for instance, though a Cuban patriot, also lived in Mexico and the United States and wrote for journals in Argentina and elsewhere.
285:, of mainly European ancestry, usually have some Native ancestry. Today, mestizos make up the majority of Latin America's population.
6276:
3845:). With this production, Brazilian theatre moved into the modem period at Theatre Brasileiro de Commedia (Brazilian Comedy Theater).
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in the beginning of the 18th century. Due to its combination of historical, mythical, and religious elements, it has been called the
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in 2005. The 16th century saw the first native-born Guatemalan writers that wrote in Spanish. Major writers of this era include Sor
2068:
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for political hold on Latin America by colonialist theatre by using indigenous performance practices to manipulate the population.
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Intermediate level international-style Latin dancing at the 2006 MIT ballroom dance competition. A judge stands in the foreground.
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wrote memorable poetry and philosophical essays. Towards the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th, a distinctive
6400:
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1993:
Historically, Mexicans have struggled with the creation of a united identity. This particular issue is the main topic of Mexican
1514:
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Latin American film is both rich and diverse. But the main centers of production have been Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba.
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speakers in South America and Spain, but more than half of them live in Bolivia and Peru (approximately 6,700,800 individuals).
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Internal strife and external interference have been the drive behind Latin American history which applies the same to theatre.
82:, are natively spoken. Such territories include almost all of Mexico, Central America and South America, with the exception of
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who is regarded as the most important literary figure in Nicaragua, referred to as the "Father of Modernism" for leading the
1596:
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has Andean, Spanish and African roots. In pre-Columbian times, musical expressions varied widely from region to region; the
1582:
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Americas and became influential, from the early Spanish and European Baroque to the different beats of the African rhythms.
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from the 16th century to the 19th century has only recently been unearthed by scholars and is being revived by performers.
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has several distinct strands. The Pacific coast has strong folklore, music and religious traditions, deeply influenced by
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6439:
6144:
2250:, were adapted from their old world predecessors and are traditionally considered Mexican. Popular music genres include
888:
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6236:
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2742:. The Jesuit Rafael Landívar (1731–1793) is considered as the first great Guatemalan poet. He was forced into exile by
2008:
1540:
40:
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1716:
Some of the dances of Latin America are derived from and named for the type of music they are danced to. For example,
1151:(1963) from Colombia. Their formats and styles of Latino philosophical writing differ greatly as the subject matters.
197:, Ecuador (particularly in the southwest coast), Paraguay, Dominican Republic (specifically the northern region), and
6658:
6256:
6246:
6241:
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6164:
6159:
5848:
5607:
4962:
4815:
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4582:
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The industrial revolution arrived relatively late at the beginning of the 20th century with the establishment of the
3308:
3257:
5042:
3421:
in 2007, in 2008 by the Iberoamerican Theatrum Festival Bogotá has been proclaimed as the world capital of theatre.
98:
Roman influence as well. There is also an important Latin American cultural presence in the United States since the
6599:
6337:
6300:
6185:
5875:
5443:
5021:
3678:
1168:
892:(1963)) that were frequently published in Spain and quickly translated into English. The Boom's defining novel was
467:
63:
2217:
Prior to the foundation of Mexico as a nation-state, the original inhabitants of the land used drums (such as the
6663:
4490:
3640:
3107:. During the second half of the century, Peruvian literature became more widely known because of authors such as
2496:
194:
91:
2462:. Pre-Columbian cultures played a ball game which still exists in Northwest Mexico (Sinaloa, the game is called
6594:
6149:
5897:
5809:
5745:
3984:
3771:
3664:
3246:
2555:
2226:
1802:
1974–1984: the search for expression rooted in the history of Latin America became victims of exile and death.
1477:
1092:
755:
260:
151:
5257:
6570:
6087:
5196:"Western literature | History, Characteristics, Books, Authors, Examples, & Facts | Britannica"
4009:
2709:
is written in Quiché transcribed in Latin characters. It was translated into Spanish by the Dominican priest
1649:(2003) have fans around the world, and its directors have taken part in American and European film projects.
1533:. More recently, a new style of directing and stories filmed has been tagged as "New Latin American Cinema."
897:
5907:
4186:
Garífunas holding ground ; When the river met the sea : Garifunas rebuilding after Hurricane Mitch
4093:
Garífunas holding ground ; When the river met the sea : Garifunas rebuilding after Hurricane Mitch
250:
religions of Cuba, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Northwest Ecuador, coastal Colombia, and Honduras.
6668:
6560:
6506:
6388:
6383:
3071:
civilizations. Spaniards introduced writing in the 16th century, and colonial literary expression included
2868:
who was actually not from the northern regions of Nicaragua but rather from the city of Leon in Nicaragua.
760:
Pre-Columbian cultures were primarily oral, though the Aztecs and Mayans, for instance, produced elaborate
2792:
and other urban centers and down to mid-sized towns. The unique religion is reflected in the local saint,
2064:
2036:
1751:
Modern Latin American dancing is very energetic. These dances primarily are performed with a partner as a
796:
6673:
6543:
6215:
4226:
3129:
with strong influences from African, Arab, Italian, Chinese, and Japanese cooking. Common dishes include
2435:
2207:
1544:
993:
970:
893:
677:
3494:
3453:, African and especially European Spanish. Before this period, indigenous culture was expressed in art (
792:
425:
This diversity has profoundly influenced religion, music and politics. This cultural heritage is called
35:(music, folk art, and dance), as well as religion and other customary practices. These are generally of
6463:
6451:
6342:
6169:
6154:
5916:
5278:
4979:
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are known for their brightly colored yarn-based textiles, which are woven into capes, shirts, blouses,
1543:
in the 1940s are significant examples of Latin American cinema, with a huge industry comparable to the
823:
689:
535:
4237:
3282:
2495:
has also been gaining popularity, with a number of Mexican players having been drafted to play in the
1713:
and Cuban population one can find Latin dancing and music in the streets at any time of day or night.
6538:
6523:
6473:
6468:
4183:
Leocadia., Avni, Ronit. Shende, Suzanne. Caldwell, Gillian. Martinez, Julian. Gutierrez (2002–2004),
4090:
Leocadia., Avni, Ronit. Shende, Suzanne. Caldwell, Gillian. Martinez, Julian. Gutierrez (2002–2004),
3916:
3900:
2287:
2275:
2097:
2056:
2003:
1656:
1076:
989:
749:
683:
547:
5230:"Showcasing Nicaragua's Folkloric Masterpiece - El Gueguense - and Other Performing and Visual Arts"
3636:
6405:
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6119:
6020:
5982:
5801:
5087:
4014:
3599:
3100:
2089:
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1111:
in 1990. Paz who is one of the most influential writers on Latin American and Spanish culture from
1029:
4360:
2016:, for instance, are thought to be conservative and reserved, and just in the neighboring state of
1709:
has been a large contributor of the United States' involvement in Latin dancing. With such a huge
1217:. Music has played an important part in Latin America's turbulent recent history, for example the
1112:
1033:
1001:
6609:
5890:
5672:
Martin, Gerald. "Literature, music and the visual arts, c. 1820–1870". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.),
5314:
4309:
4278:
3533:
3235:
2910:
2684:, from the Colombian variety, is also very popular especially among the lower classes. Dozens of
2470:
has the largest bullring in the world, which seats 55,000 people. But the favorite sport remains
2405:
1733:
1645:
819:
804:
649:
648:
in particular is increasing in popularity. Latin America constitute in absolute terms the second
561:
319:
arrived in Latin America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most of them settling in the
3478:
2865:
2133:
2060:
1331:, etc., are styles of music that have been strongly influenced by African rhythms and melodies.
1132:
6632:
6533:
6528:
6513:
6456:
6371:
5934:
5880:
5868:
5821:
3883:
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struggled to establish a pluralistic political system between conservative and liberal ideals.
2518:
2423:
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model act in some of them. Some of their TV shows are modeled after American counterparts like
2385:
2337:
1827:
1655:
has enjoyed much official support since the Cuban revolution, and important filmmakers include
1555:
1257:
1196:
878:
However, what really put Latin American literature on the global map was no doubt the literary
605:
4884:"Free-dom: United States of Banana and the Limits of Sovereignty," POETS, PHILOSOPHERS, LOVERS
4542:
4399:
3591:
1637:
productions have received prizes and recognition in Europe and the United States. Movies like
1140:
1119:. More recent Latin American philosophers who practice Latina/o or Latino philosophy include:
6501:
5929:
5762:
4663:
4572:
3686:
3539:
2718:
2699:
2693:
2514:
2429:
2395:
2322:
2067:. The first novel to be written and published in Latin America is generally considered to be
1489:
966:
5836:
3563:
2376:
2113:
538:
and Uruguay, German in southern Brazil and southern Chile, and Welsh in southern Argentina.
6637:
6052:
5990:
5949:
5939:
3955:
3726:
3722:
3441:
3402:. Colombians had a period of almost 50 years of relative peace interrupted only by a short
3399:
3391:
3342:
3184:
3076:
3036:
2979:
2829:
2805:
2743:
2627:
2609:
2597:
2580:
2530:
2522:
2294:
1939:
1390:, and the various styles of music from Pre-Columbian traditions that are widespread in the
1068:
937:
Contemporary literature in the region is vibrant and varied, ranging from the best-selling
788:
773:
479:
475:
79:
67:
3933:
3509:
3390:
creating a new ethno-racial group in society. This mix also created a fusion of cultures.
2710:
2105:
1509:
1091:
in England exerted an influence on intellectuals, experts and writers in the region.
629:
8:
6063:
6042:
6032:
6010:
5944:
5843:
5826:
4689:
Zamora, Lois Parkinson (1992). "The Magical Tables of Isabel Allende and Remedios Varo".
3959:
3644:
3579:
3214:
3112:
3064:
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in the pre-Columbian era. As such, many of the traditions date back to Incan traditions.
2967:
2842:
2753:
Guatemalan girls in their traditional clothing from the town of Santa Catarina Palopó on
2526:
2417:
2211:
2085:
1721:
1698:
1578:
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who focus on more universal themes and characters. Other important Mexican directors are
1160:
879:
633:
589:
471:
316:
137:
5216:. Mary Kay Vaughan and Stephen E. Lewis, Eds. Durham: Duke University Press 2006, p. 95.
3702:
3603:
3550:. Following the rise of political literature during the War of Independence, Venezuelan
2585:
2137:
1096:
978:
974:
524:
6496:
6047:
6015:
5995:
5863:
5853:
4864:
4714:
3963:
3587:
3575:
3529:
3450:
3418:
3108:
3058:
2971:
2959:
2860:
2735:
2660:
2653:
2214:. Music was an expression of Mexican nationalism, beginning in the nineteenth century.
2051:
2044:
1591:
1572:
1439:
1420:
1293:
1210:
1128:
1013:
913:
905:
768:. Moreover, a tradition of oral narrative survives to this day, for instance among the
671:
528:
308:. Many Latin American countries also have a substantial tri-racial population known as
301:
59:
3690:
3571:
3498:
2738:, considered the first poet-playwright of colonial Central America, and the historian
2360:
2359:) are translated to many languages and seen all over the world with renown names like
2271:
1432:
6332:
6027:
6000:
5972:
5954:
5924:
5613:
5603:
5229:
4958:
4897:
4887:
4868:
4856:
4821:
4811:
4706:
4669:
4578:
4548:
4405:
4207:
4190:
4151:
4114:
4097:
4058:
3887:
3879:
3750:
3674:
3411:
3403:
3032:
2934:
2833:
2773:
2633:
2601:
2590:
2534:
2484:
2471:
2364:
2145:
2101:
1965:
1769:
1613:
1309:
1025:
931:
843:
340:
228:
208:
141:
129:
The richness of Latin American culture is the product of many influences, including:
71:
5195:
4163:
4070:
2187:
2157:
1697:
Ballroom studios teach lessons on many Latin American dances. One can even find the
958:
883:
833:
6005:
5858:
5814:
5696:
Romero, Raúl. "La música tradicional y popular". In: Patronato Popular y Porvenir,
5595:
4848:
4698:
4159:
4066:
4019:
3613:
3513:
3490:
3474:
3355:
3326:
3118:
2963:
2923:
2899:. It is especially loud and celebrated during the Palo de Mayo festival in May The
2368:
2177:
2165:
2073:
1935:
1729:
1627:
1619:
1536:
1526:
1206:
1180:
1148:
1144:
1064:
997:
946:
927:
862:
800:
779:
From the very moment of Europe's "discovery" of the continent, early explorers and
769:
665:
463:
426:
204:
186:
182:
170:
133:
83:
44:
5143:
Theatre in Latin America: Religion, Politics, and Culture from Cortés to the 1980s
5000:
3698:
3694:
3429:
3104:
2129:
1970:
1943:
1218:
882:
of the 1960s and 1970s, distinguished by daring and experimental novels (such as
552:
6604:
6037:
5831:
5452:
4472:
4332:
4253:
3949:
3871:
3558:, emerged as the first important genre in the region. Although mainly focused on
3547:
3329:
of the 16th century and its collision with Colombia's native civilizations (see:
3012:
2975:
2918:
2900:
2673:
2619:
2508:
2441:
2279:
2243:
2202:
2195:
2024:(Mexico City natives) are believed to be a bit aggressive and self-centered. The
2012:
traditional, but their collective personality cannot be generalized. People from
1892:
1741:
1568:
1560:
1328:
1281:
1088:
1072:
912:
do not fit so easily within this framework. Arguably, the Boom's culmination was
872:
585:
419:
399:
292:
were brought to Latin America, especially to Brazil and the Caribbean. Nowadays,
220:
212:
174:
163:
145:
36:
32:
5365:
Gerald Martin, "Literature, music and the visual arts, c. 1820–1870", pp. 37–39.
4279:"Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region"
3807:
The Brazilian Comedy Theatre (Teatro Brasileiro de Comédia) was created in 1948
3595:
3502:
3096:
2754:
2722:
2283:
1024:
The history of Latin American philosophy is usefully divided into five periods:
4852:
4024:
3905:
3738:
3714:
3656:
3639:
was the most important Venezuelan architect of the modern era; he designed the
3366:
3156:
2854:
2789:
2614:
2298:
2247:
2153:
2149:
2121:
2109:
1923:
1861:
1652:
1586:
1530:
1459:
1324:
1305:
1152:
1136:
1120:
954:
942:
918:
909:
780:
645:
601:
597:
415:
380:
336:
332:
282:
198:
155:
103:
87:
48:
5617:
4901:
4782:
4305:
3567:
2031:
1677:
1447:
977:. Finally, a new breed of chroniclers is represented by the more journalistic
394:
In this same period, immigrants came from the Middle East and Asia, including
6652:
6110:
5710:
5214:
The Eagle and the Virgin: Nation and Cultural Revolution in Mexico, 1920–1940
4860:
4808:
Cuerpos errantes : literatura latina y latinoamericana en Estados Unidos
4710:
3895:
3875:
3734:
3730:
3682:
3630:
3525:
3517:
3353:
system that favored European-born whites. After independence from Spain, the
3330:
3088:
3068:
3051:
are representative. Arts stagnated after independence until the emergence of
3028:
2992:
2914:
2777:
2411:
2310:
2093:
1916:
1912:
1873:
1865:
1857:
1745:
1717:
1686:
1601:
1549:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1428:
1363:
1225:
1184:
1124:
1116:
1084:
1079:. Elsewhere in Latin America, during the 1870-1930 period, the philosophy of
982:
950:
901:
761:
593:
411:
368:
344:
320:
266:
224:
107:
24:
4825:
4732:
4194:
4101:
2333:
1983:
848:
437:
4029:
3706:
3126:
3048:
3040:
2896:
2838:
2638:
2463:
2459:
2251:
2169:
2141:
1978:
1931:
1877:
1810:
1752:
1607:
1522:
1473:
1367:
1229:
1005:
938:
811:
573:
565:
384:
364:
293:
232:
159:
99:
75:
28:
5688:
Music of El Dorado: the ethnomusicology of ancient South American cultures
5599:
2922:
the most important in Spanish language, with world-famous writers such as
2891:. The Caribbean coast of Nicaragua is known for a lively, sensual form of
1334:
Other musical genres of Latin America include the Argentine and Uruguayan
1232:, for example, includes the countries of western South America, typically
1075:'s (Cuba 1854–1895), who pioneered Cuban liberal thought that lead to the
6518:
6079:
5655:
5426:
5410:
5067:
Barteldes, Ernest (April 2007). "Jorge Drexler The Road From Hollywood".
5046:
4568:
4449:
3718:
3551:
3521:
3506:
3338:
3084:
3080:
3053:
2985:
2892:
2871:
More nationally identified, however, are musical instruments such as the
2762:
2480:
2467:
2447:
2306:
2267:
2173:
2161:
2117:
2081:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1710:
1668:
1632:
1424:
1359:
1351:
1335:
1320:
1301:
1265:
1104:
1100:
1053:
1037:
1009:
962:
945:
to the more avant-garde and critically acclaimed work of writers such as
815:
803:
literary tradition emerged, including the first novels such as Lizardi's
577:
243:
119:
4138:"Spotlight on Garifuna history and reparation with Jóse Francisco Ávila"
3972:
3759:
3383:
3031:
date back to the elaborate pottery, textiles, jewelry, and sculpture of
2903:
community exists in Nicaragua and is known for its popular music called
2543:
784:
637:
300:) make up the majority of the population in some countries, such as the
102:
in areas such as California, Texas, and Florida, which were part of the
6553:
5584:
Satiric TV in the Americas: Critical Metatainment as Negotiated Dissent
4718:
3937:
3921:
3681:, is passionately followed. Famous Venezuelan baseball players include
3607:
3454:
3346:
3149:
3131:
3087:
became the most common literary genres, as exemplified in the works of
2927:
2785:
2781:
2749:
2727:
2685:
2646:
2492:
2380:
2356:
2352:
2317:
2218:
2125:
1896:
1702:
1412:
1277:
1080:
923:
900:(1967), which led to the association of Latin American literature with
857:
388:
270:
247:
178:
5590:
Jr., Robert Eli Sanchez (August 26, 2019). Sanchez, Robert Eli (ed.).
3177:. African contributions to Peruvian music include its rhythms and the
2793:
838:
724:
6357:
5679:
Martin, Gerald. "Narrative since c. 1920". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.),
5504:
Raúl Romero, "La música tradicional y popular", pp. 243–245, 261–263.
4629:
4540:
4497:(Summer 2018 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
3929:
3710:
3559:
3546:
of the mostly pre-literate indigenous societies; it was dominated by
3482:
3446:
3072:
2705:
2676:
of Afro-Caribbean descent, who are spread thinly on the northeastern
2669:
2642:
2455:
2348:
2302:
2239:
1885:
1869:
1672:
1469:
1463:
1379:
1343:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1201:
Latin American music comes in many varieties, from the simple, rural
1103:, aesthetics, and the philosophy of 'the Mexican'. Poet and essayist
1060:
765:
609:
511:
499:
360:
356:
324:
297:
5181:
Pianca, Marina. "Postcolonial Discourse in Latin American Theatre".
4702:
4450:"DR1.com - Dominican Republic News & Travel Information Service"
4252:(in Spanish). Latinobarómetro. April 2014. p. 7. Archived from
4184:
4091:
3224:
2439:. Local news shows are modeled after American counterparts like the
2372:
1494:
810:
The 19th century was a period of "foundational fictions" (in critic
288:
Starting in the late 16th century, a large number of former African
3670:
3189:
3173:
2884:
2818:
2475:
2344:
2255:
2017:
1900:
1841:
1737:
1690:
1371:
1347:
1285:
1273:
1233:
1202:
1041:
728:
625:
613:
507:
495:
5750:
4783:"Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi"
3057:
in the early 20th century. Since the 1950s, Peruvian art has been
2242:
influenced instruments. Many traditional instruments, such as the
1517:
is considered the most prestigious film festival in Latin America.
965:. There has also been considerable attention paid to the genre of
312:, whose ancestry is a mix of Amerindians, Europeans and Africans.
94:
in the Caribbean and North America, as it ultimately derives from
5648:
Concha, Jaime. "Poetry, c. 1920–1950". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.),
5631:
Bayón, Damián. "Art, c. 1920–c. 1980". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.),
4913:
4911:
3463:
3362:
3334:
3195:
3137:
3044:
2872:
2846:
2822:
2730:. It was declared a masterpiece of oral tradition of humanity by
2665:
2263:
1927:
1387:
1245:
1241:
1049:
828:
641:
617:
519:
503:
491:
407:
348:
328:
278:
235:. Mostly immigrants and indentured laborers who arrived from the
111:
55:
4758:"Preeminent Philosopher Linda Martin Alcoff to Speak at W&L"
4650:
Latin American Positivism: New Historical and Philosophic Essays
4517:
3017:
2183:
1107:(1914-1998) was a Mexican diplomat, and poet, and winner of the
922:(1974). In the wake of the Boom, influential precursors such as
5717:. New York: MacMillan Press Limited, 1993, vol. I, p. 340.
4661:
3891:
3387:
3379:
3201:
3143:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2850:
2810:
2788:
Pentecostalism has grown to become the predominant religion of
2767:
2731:
2681:
2680:, have their own distinct varieties of popular and folk music.
2618:
Fiambre, Guatemalan traditional dish, eaten on November 1, the
2259:
2013:
1904:
1853:
1845:
1805:
1725:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1355:
1339:
1292:, and Spanish-speaking islands in the Caribbean, including the
1289:
1172:
695:
653:
621:
581:
515:
487:
376:
372:
236:
190:
115:
5792:
5185:. Vol. 41, No. 4, Theatre and Hegemony. (Dec., 1989), 515–523.
5084:"Latin music returns to America with wave of new pop starlets"
4908:
3621:
3386:. Blacks and indigenous people of Colombia also mixed to form
90:
speaking territories. Culturally, it could also encompass the
5683:. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp. 133–225.
5652:. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp. 227–260.
5635:. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp. 393–454.
3562:
writing, Venezuelan literature was advanced by poets such as
3458:
3350:
3179:
3167:
3161:
2904:
2390:
2234:
2230:
2222:
1908:
1881:
1849:
1837:
1706:
1407:
1395:
1249:
1214:
483:
466:
is spoken in Puerto Rico and eighteen sovereign nations (See
403:
395:
309:
305:
289:
123:
95:
16:
Formal and informal expression of the people of Latin America
5495:
Raúl Romero, "La música tradicional y popular", pp. 263–265.
3697:(current White Sox manager, World Series champion in 2005),
3325:
Many aspects of Colombian culture can be traced back to the
632:, and indigenous denominations and religions exist. Various
4426:"Federation Focus: Baseball is in Dominican Republic's DNA"
3436:, declared August 30, 1984, as a National Historic Landmark
3407:
2488:
1814:
1399:
1297:
1237:
1045:
352:
5756:
5676:. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp. 3–45.
5594:. New York London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
4886:. Pittsburgh: UNIV OF PITTSBURGH Press. pp. 133–154.
4397:
4285:. Pew Research Center, November 13, 2014. 13 November 2014
2717:. It is a vital document for understanding the culture of
265:
The population of Latin America is very diverse with many
4271:
2637:
interesting flavors. Many traditional foods are based on
2343:
Two of the major television networks based in Mexico are
1056:
5548:
5546:
5527:
5525:
5523:
3516:. Since the middle of the 20th century, artists such as
558:
Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida
5703:
Romero, Raúl. "Andean Peru". In: John Schechter (ed.),
4810:(1. ed.). Rosario, Argentina: B. Viterbo Editora.
3598:
was also an educator and intellectual. Others, such as
904:, though other important writers of the period such as
5513:
Peixoto, Fernando; Susana Epstein; Richard Schechner.
5401:
Gerald Martin, "Narrative since c. 1920", pp. 186–188.
5383:
Gerald Martin, "Narrative since c. 1920", pp. 178–179.
5374:
Gerald Martin, "Narrative since c. 1920", pp. 151–152.
5109:
Theatre of Crisis: Drama and Politics in Latin America
4577:. Translated by Margaret Sayers Peden. Belknap Press.
2020:, people have the fame of being outgoing and liberal.
1127:(1948-), and Susana Nuccetelli (1954) from Argentina;
560:
is the second largest in the world, after only of the
23:
is the formal or informal expression of the people of
5543:
5520:
4977:
4605:"Teaching Women's History: Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz"
2649:, which are nothing like their Mexican counterparts.
1836:
Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include
5119:
5117:
5111:. University Press of Kentucky (Lexington: 1991). 23
4477:
History of Modern Latin America: 1800 to the Present
4010:
Culture and society in the Spanish Colonial Americas
2314:
short weekend trips to a neighbouring city or town.
2080:
Other notable Mexican writers include poets such as
5753:
Magazine exploring Latin American music and culture
5707:. New York: Schirmer Books, 1999, pp. 383–423.
5705:
Music in Latin American culture: regional tradition
5700:. Lima: Industrial Gráfica, 1985, pp. 215–283.
3874:in 1922. Artists who have excelled in 20th century
3249:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3061:and shaped by both foreign and local art currents.
2664:is diverse. Guatemala's national instrument is the
1790:Progression in Postcolonial Latin American Theatre
861:emerged, a poetic movement whose founding text was
5392:Jaime Concha, "Poetry, c. 1920–1950", pp. 250–253.
5356:Damián Bayón, "Art, c. 1920–c. 1980", pp. 425–428.
4333:"Education and Religious Freedom in Latin America"
2930:literary movement at the end of the 19th century.
482:are spoken in many Latin American nations, mainly
5690:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002.
5145:. Cambridge University Press (New York: 1993) 56.
5114:
4648:Gregory D. Gilson, and Irving W. Levinson, eds.
4401:Sport in Latin American Society: Past and Present
2059:. Outstanding colonial writers and poets include
644:, a tribal- voodoo religion, are also practiced.
572:The primary religion throughout Latin America is
185:(particular the southeast and southern regions),
6650:
4881:
4541:Lawrence A. Clayton; Michael L. Conniff (2004).
3651:. Other notable architectural works include the
3369:, a historical and cultural landmark of Colombia
584:, were active in developing the quasi-socialist
5715:The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments
5517:. TDR (1988), Vol. 34, No. 1. (Spring, 1990) 61
4303:
3920:Holy week, Ouro Preto-MG, 2010. Chrome. Photo:
2726:the Rabinal festival of January 25, the day of
2589:The fountain of "Nuestra Señora de la Merced",
74:languages, which can trace their origin to the
4512:
4510:
4250:"Las religiones en tiempos del Papa Francisco"
4182:
4089:
3617:The Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex in Caracas
1205:music of northern Mexico to the sophisticated
6095:
5778:
5081:
4386:English-Speaking Communities in Latin America
3943:
3677:are Venezuela's most popular sports, and the
3035:. The Incas maintained these crafts and made
1547:of those years. More recently movies such as
4954:Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music
4488:
4212:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4119:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2487:is practiced at the major universities like
2274:. Notable musicians and songwriters include
523:dialect without knowing any other language.
6071:Semi-autonomous territories are in italics.
4507:
4324:
3800:no productions in Brazil during this time.
3039:achievements including the construction of
6109:
6102:
6088:
5794:Culture of Latin America and the Caribbean
5785:
5771:
5759:Latin America, Caribbean, arts and culture
4665:The Politics of Expertise in Latin America
4662:Miguel A. Centeno; Patricio Silva (1998).
4152:"List of Disappeared Hondurans. N.d. 2 pp"
4059:"List of Disappeared Hondurans. N.d. 2 pp"
3870:Modern painting in Brazil was born during
2403:or "A hundred Mexicans said" in Spanish),
1224:Latin America can be divided into several
54:Definitions of Latin America vary. From a
5256:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from
5066:
5022:"Daddy Yankee leads the reggaeton charge"
3309:Learn how and when to remove this message
1821:
1476:, is popular in Latin America today (see
4630:"BIOGRAPHY – FIU Jose Marti Celebration"
4330:
3915:
3620:
3612:
3428:
3361:
3067:has its roots in the oral traditions of
3016:
2809:
2748:
2613:
2584:
2332:
2316:
2182:
2030:
1977:
1969:
1804:
1676:
1508:
1493:
723:
551:
534:Other European languages spoken include
436:
273:descendants are of mixed race ancestry.
5713:. "Charango". In: Stanley Sadie (ed.),
5515:Brazilian Theatre and National Identity
5464:Raúl Romero, "Andean Peru", p. 385–386.
5208:Marco Velázquez and Mary Kay Vaughan, "
4838:
4805:
4495:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4346:
4297:
2883:and guitarrilla (a small guitar like a
2421:and others. Nationwide news shows like
2156:. Contemporary Mexican authors include
1744:, and, probably most recognizable, the
1515:Guadalajara International Film Festival
969:, texts produced in collaboration with
144:origin, which is ultimately related to
6651:
5667:Latin American art of the 20th century
5442:Embassy of Peru in the United States,
5345:Latin American art of the 20th century
5212:and Musical Nationalism in Mexico" in
4950:
4944:
4733:"Works by Ofelia Schutte - PhilPapers"
4688:
4489:Gracia, Jorge; Vargas, Manuel (2018),
3570:. Major writers and novelists include
2427:on Televisa resemble a hybrid between
2190:in the traditional China Poblana dress
1008:(1971), the Mexican poet and essayist
707:Latin America–United Kingdom relations
269:and different ancestries. Most of the
6083:
5766:
5224:
5222:
4755:
4430:World Baseball Softball Confederation
4242:
3810:Oswald de Andrade wrote three plays;
2740:Francisco Antonio de Fuentes y Guzmán
1099:(Mexico, 1882–1959) whose work spans
772:-speaking population of Peru and the
5592:Latin American and Latinx Philosophy
5086:. The Michigan Daily. Archived from
4132:
4130:
3967:
3754:
3709:(an eleven-time Gold Glove winner),
3417:Bogotá, the principal city, was the
3247:adding citations to reliable sources
3218:
2538:
1949:
650:world's largest Christian population
441:Romance languages in Latin America:
39:origin, but have various degrees of
5681:A cultural history of Latin America
5674:A cultural history of Latin America
5650:A cultural history of Latin America
5633:A cultural history of Latin America
5589:
5045:. Leadership Medica. Archived from
4980:"Clave: The African Roots of Salsa"
4567:
4522:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4398:Lamartine Pereira da Costa (2002).
3629:, as depicted in a 1912 drawing by
3520:, Régulo Perez, Pedro León Zapata,
2092:, as well as prose writers such as
1083:or "cientificismo" associated with
700:
580:. Latin America, and in particular
474:is spoken primarily in Brazil (See
201:(particularly the northern region).
106:. More recently, in cities such as
13:
5669:. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993.
5486:Thomas Turino, "Charango", p. 340.
5219:
4780:
4668:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 16.
3095:movement produced such writers as
3021:Marinera norteña, a Peruvian dance
2502:
1922:Desserts in Latin America include
1809:Gold maize. Moche culture 300 AD,
1525:, led by the Argentine filmmakers
1427:and guitar work of the Venezuelan
14:
6685:
5721:
4882:Mendoza de Jesus, Ronald (2020).
4574:Sor Juana: Or, the Traps of Faith
4544:A History of Modern Latin America
4404:. Psychology Press. p. 165.
4304:Travis Kitchens (June 21, 2010).
4127:
3737:(a two-time unanimously selected
3091:. In the early 20th century, the
2069:José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi
855:At the turn of the 20th century,
62:. This would include areas where
5906:
5886:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5662:. Lima: Ediciones Ganesha, 2003.
5586:. Oxford University Press, 2018.
4919:"History of Latino/a Philosophy"
4354:"The Global Religious Landscape"
4238:Christians – Pew Research Center
3971:
3758:
3679:Venezuela national football team
3223:
2947:
2942:
2542:
2077:(serialized from 1816 to 1831).
2035:A late 18th-century painting of
1954:
1319:Latino-Caribbean music, such as
1284:includes the Caribbean coast of
1209:of Cuba, from the symphonies of
1012:(1990), and the Peruvian writer
1000:(1945), the Guatemalan novelist
468:Spanish language in the Americas
254:
5576:
5564:
5555:
5534:
5507:
5498:
5489:
5480:
5467:
5458:
5436:
5420:
5404:
5395:
5386:
5377:
5368:
5359:
5350:
5337:
5324:
5308:
5295:
5271:
5246:
5202:
5188:
5175:
5166:
5157:
5148:
5135:
5126:
5101:
5075:
5060:
5035:
5014:
4993:
4971:
4935:
4875:
4832:
4799:
4774:
4749:
4725:
4682:
4655:
4642:
4622:
4597:
4561:
4534:
4482:
4466:
4442:
4418:
4391:
4378:
4312:from the original on 2021-12-21
4164:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-1226-0119
4071:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-1226-0119
3661:Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex
3641:Central University of Venezuela
3485:took over in the 20th century.
3234:needs additional citations for
2497:National Basketball Association
1662:
1583:1976–1983 military dictatorship
992:: in addition to the Colombian
5254:"Native Theatre: El Gueguense"
4359:. Pewforum.org. Archived from
4231:
4227:Facts of Basilica of Aparecida
4220:
4176:
4144:
4083:
4051:
4041:
3890:. Portinari was influenced by
3665:General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge
3594:. The great poet and humanist
1478:Spanish language rock and roll
996:(1982), also the Chilean poet
783:produced written accounts and
756:List of Latin American writers
261:Ethnic groups in Latin America
31:(literature and high art) and
1:
5626:Art of colonial Latin America
5332:Art of colonial Latin America
5319:Art of colonial Latin America
4806:Loustau, Laura Rosa. (2002).
4493:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
4156:Human Rights Documents online
4063:Human Rights Documents online
4035:
2776:combined with the indigenous
2454:Mexico's national sports are
1147:(1953) from Puerto Rico; and
1019:
743:
6396:Central banks and currencies
5279:"El Güegüense o Macho Ratón"
3606:, contributed to Venezuelan
3424:
3029:Peruvian artistic traditions
2799:
2574:
787:of their experience—such as
7:
6353:Liberalism and conservatism
5660:The Art of Peruvian Cuisine
5455:. Retrieved on May 15, 2007
5431:The Art of Peruvian Cuisine
5415:The Art of Peruvian Cuisine
4978:Dr. Christopher Washburne.
4756:Cline, Julie (2014-03-11).
4518:"Latin American Philosophy"
4491:"Latin American Philosophy"
4003:
3940:have received recognition.
3449:culture has been shaped by
3208:
3183:, a percussion instrument.
2208:indigenous people of Mexico
1067:. Among the most prominent
678:Category:Brazilian folklore
659:
541:
432:
363:) and, to a lesser extent,
10:
6690:
6348:International peacekeeping
6155:Latin American integration
5740:Latino History and Culture
5624:Bailey, Gauvin Alexander.
4957:. ABC-CLIO. p. xvii.
4853:10.1057/s41276-019-00239-2
4547:. Wadsworth. p. 112.
3953:
3947:
3944:The Río de la Plata region
3748:
3542:originated soon after the
3487:Notable Venezuelan artists
3439:
3434:Instituto Arnoldo Gabaldón
3258:"Culture of Latin America"
3212:
3111:, a leading member of the
3010:
2957:
2951:
2803:
2691:
2651:
2607:
2578:
2512:
2506:
2193:
2148:, and playwrights such as
2042:
1963:
1840:-based dishes and drinks (
1825:
1758:
1666:
1487:
1472:, including many forms of
1194:
753:
747:
704:
693:
690:Category:Peruvian folklore
687:
681:
675:
669:
663:
545:
258:
6628:
6578:
6569:
6487:
6435:
6428:
6379:
6370:
6320:
6313:
6296:
6289:
6229:
6178:
6127:
6118:
6061:
5981:
5963:
5915:
5904:
5800:
5641:Belaunde, Víctor Andrés.
5330:Gauvin Alexander Bailey,
3744:
2917:times with the myths and
2098:Ignacio Manuel Altamirano
2065:Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
2039:, Mexican poet and writer
2037:Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
2004:The Labyrinth of Solitude
1974:La Marcha de la Humanidad
1959:
1597:Argentine economic crisis
1213:to the simple and moving
1157:Puerto Rican independence
1109:Nobel Prize in Literature
1077:Cuban War of Independence
1034:Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
1004:(1967), the Chilean poet
814:'s words), novels in the
797:Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
750:Latin American literature
715:
684:Category:Mexican folklore
548:Religion in Latin America
6659:Culture of Latin America
6068:
5628:. London: Phaidon, 2005.
5301:Víctor Andrés Belaunde,
4781:Aldama, Frederick Luis.
4015:Culture of South America
3600:Laureano Vallenilla Lanz
2325:, patron saint of Mexico
2293:Mexicans in places like
1404:European classical music
1190:
934:were also rediscovered.
793:Bernal Díaz del Castillo
733:1916 American occupation
21:culture of Latin America
6583:Countries by population
6140:Portuguese colonization
5742:Smithsonian Institution
5445:The Peruvian Gastronomy
5315:Gauvin Alexander Bailey
4951:Torres, George (2013).
4652:(Lexington Books; 2012)
3695:Oswaldo (Ozzie) Guillén
3691:David (Dave) Concepción
3554:, notably expounded by
3534:Mercedes Elena Gonzalez
3337:). The Spanish brought
3006:
2911:Literature of Nicaragua
2814:Celebrating the annual
1483:
1419:The classical composer
1163:, debt, and “feardom”.
1036:(Mexico, 1651–1695), a
805:El Periquillo Sarniento
592:. Practitioners of the
562:Basilica of Saint Peter
6664:Latin American studies
6457:Latin American studies
5746:Archaeology of Ecuador
5728:Latin American Culture
5001:"Guide to Latin Music"
4691:Comparative Literature
4335:. Princeton University
3925:
3898:and is the painter of
3884:Emiliano Di Cavalcanti
3812:The King of the Candle
3637:Carlos Raúl Villanueva
3633:
3618:
3437:
3370:
3079:. After independence,
3022:
2826:
2757:
2622:
2593:
2519:Culture of El Salvador
2424:Las Noticias por Adela
2340:
2338:Mexican Stock Exchange
2326:
2233:as trumpets and their
2191:
2040:
1990:
1975:
1868:and other condiments (
1828:Latin American cuisine
1822:Latin American cuisine
1818:
1682:
1518:
1503:
1258:Central American music
1197:Music of Latin America
1069:political philosophers
988:The region boasts six
894:Gabriel García Márquez
736:
569:
460:
410:, and, more recently,
281:. Even Latin American
152:Pre-Columbian cultures
92:French derived culture
5876:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5665:Lucie-Smith, Edward.
5600:10.4324/9781315100401
5570:Piexoto, Fernando. 66
5561:Piexoto, Fernando. 65
5552:Peixoto, Fernando. 63
5540:Peixoto, Fernando. 62
5531:Peixoto, Fernando. 61
5347:, pp. 76–77, 145–146.
4982:. University of Salsa
4384:Oliver Marshall, ed.
4306:"Chomsky on Religion"
3954:Further information:
3948:Further information:
3919:
3820:The Man and the Horse
3687:Baseball Hall of Fame
3624:
3616:
3584:Adriano González León
3556:Juan Vicente González
3540:Venezuelan literature
3432:
3365:
3020:
2958:Further information:
2952:Further information:
2816:"Alegría por la vida"
2813:
2752:
2719:pre-Columbian America
2700:Guatemalan literature
2694:Guatemalan literature
2617:
2588:
2515:Culture of Costa Rica
2513:Further information:
2507:Further information:
2401:100 Mexicanos Dijeron
2336:
2323:Our Lady of Guadalupe
2320:
2186:
2034:
1981:
1973:
1808:
1680:
1512:
1497:
1490:Latin American cinema
1071:in Latin America was
1002:Miguel Ángel Asturias
727:
705:Further information:
688:Further information:
682:Further information:
676:Further information:
670:Further information:
664:Further information:
555:
440:
429:in American English.
6411:Water and sanitation
6135:Spanish colonization
5734:Mexican Celebrations
5698:La música en el Perú
5343:Edward Lucie-Smith,
5043:"Heitor Villa-Lobos"
4320:– via YouTube.
3956:Culture of Argentina
3796:and Arthur Azevedo.
3479:Martín Tovar y Tovar
3442:Culture of Venezuela
3400:Republic of Colombia
3243:improve this article
3185:Peruvian folk dances
3077:religious literature
2980:Culture of Venezuela
2866:José de la Cruz Mena
2806:Culture of Nicaragua
2628:cuisine of Guatemala
2610:cuisine of Guatemala
2598:culture of Guatemala
2581:Culture of Guatemala
2531:Culture of Nicaragua
2523:Culture of Guatemala
2288:José Alfredo Jiménez
2276:José Mariano Elízaga
2134:Jorge Ibargüengoitia
2061:Juan Ruiz de Alarcón
2052:literature of Mexico
1657:Tomás Gutiérrez Alea
1143:(1955) from Panama;
1133:Gustavo Pérez Firmat
898:Cien años de soledad
636:traditions, such as
480:Amerindian languages
476:Brazilian Portuguese
70:, and various other
6669:Folklore by country
6145:French colonization
5898:Trinidad and Tobago
5810:Antigua and Barbuda
5730:Library of Congress
5082:The Baltimore Sun.
4609:Women at the Center
3960:Culture of Paraguay
3685:(inducted into the
3645:World Heritage Site
3592:Mariano Picón Salas
3580:Arturo Uslar Pietri
3215:Culture of Colombia
3113:Latin American Boom
3101:José María Arguedas
3065:Peruvian literature
2968:Culture of Colombia
2843:British possessions
2527:Culture of Honduras
2418:Saturday Night Live
2090:Ramón López Velarde
2086:Xavier Villaurrutia
1431:and the Paraguayan
1394:region. In Brazil,
1161:financial terrorism
1141:Linda Martín Alcoff
634:Afro-Latin American
606:Jehovah's Witnesses
590:Liberation Theology
317:European immigrants
78:spoken in the late
6674:Folklore by region
6479:Race and ethnicity
6445:Illegal drug trade
5849:Dominican Republic
5751:Sounds and Colours
5645:. Lima: BCR, 1983.
5475:Music of El Dorado
5451:2007-05-21 at the
5172:Taylor, Diana. 23.
5163:Taylor, Diana. 29.
5123:Taylor, Diana. 28.
5024:. Associated Press
4479:(2016), pp. 21–21.
4366:on 25 January 2017
3983:. You can help by
3964:Culture of Uruguay
3926:
3824:O Homem e o Cavalo
3770:. You can help by
3634:
3619:
3588:Miguel Otero Silva
3576:Teresa de la Parra
3564:Andrés Eloy Blanco
3548:Spanish influences
3530:Patricia Van Dalen
3438:
3419:World Book Capital
3371:
3109:Mario Vargas Llosa
3023:
2972:Culture of Ecuador
2960:Culture of Bolivia
2830:Nicaraguan culture
2827:
2758:
2736:Juana de Maldonado
2661:music of Guatemala
2654:music of Guatemala
2623:
2594:
2554:. You can help by
2377:Gael García Bernal
2341:
2327:
2192:
2084:(Nobel Laureate),
2045:Mexican literature
2041:
1991:
1976:
1819:
1683:
1592:The Official Story
1573:Guillermo del Toro
1519:
1504:
1440:Atahualpa Yupanqui
1421:Heitor Villa-Lobos
1294:Dominican Republic
1211:Heitor Villa-Lobos
1139:(1944) from Cuba;
1129:Jorge J. E. Gracia
1061:New Spain (Mexico)
1014:Mario Vargas Llosa
990:Nobel Prizewinners
914:Augusto Roa Bastos
906:Mario Vargas Llosa
737:
672:Colombian folklore
588:movement known as
570:
461:
302:Dominican Republic
231:and various other
27:and includes both
6646:
6645:
6624:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6424:
6423:
6416:Wealth inequality
6366:
6365:
6338:Drug legalization
6333:Conservative wave
6309:
6308:
6285:
6284:
6262:League of Nations
6230:Foreign relations
6077:
6076:
5154:Taylor, Diana. 1.
4893:978-0-8229-4618-2
4001:
4000:
3934:Sebastião Salgado
3904:, a panel at the
3888:Candido Portinari
3880:Tarsila do Amaral
3788:
3787:
3751:Culture of Brazil
3510:Jesús-Rafael Soto
3410:over the town of
3319:
3318:
3311:
3293:
3033:Pre-Inca cultures
2913:can be traced to
2774:Roman Catholicism
2711:Francisco Ximénez
2634:Antigua Guatemala
2591:Antigua Guatemala
2572:
2571:
2535:Culture of Panama
2485:American football
2472:football (soccer)
2386:Y tu mamá también
2146:Fernando del Paso
2106:Juan José Arreola
2102:Nellie Campobello
1966:Culture of Mexico
1950:Regional cultures
1770:cultural hegemony
1640:Central do Brasil
1614:El abrazo partido
1565:Fernando Eimbicke
1556:Y tu mamá también
1500:Cineteca Nacional
1374:, the Panamanian
973:subjects such as
932:Jorge Luis Borges
844:Euclides da Cunha
824:Domingo Sarmiento
578:Roman Catholicism
536:Italian in Brazil
315:Large numbers of
60:late Roman Empire
6681:
6600:Spanish language
6576:
6575:
6433:
6432:
6377:
6376:
6318:
6317:
6294:
6293:
6160:Great Depression
6125:
6124:
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5243:
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5240:
5234:Encyclopedia.com
5226:
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5192:
5186:
5179:
5173:
5170:
5164:
5161:
5155:
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5146:
5141:Versényi, Adam.
5139:
5133:
5132:Taylor, Diana. 1
5130:
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4110:
4109:
4108:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4055:
4049:
4045:
4020:Hispanic culture
3996:
3993:
3975:
3968:
3843:Vestido de Noiva
3783:
3780:
3762:
3755:
3703:Andrés Galarraga
3604:José Gil Fortoul
3544:Spanish conquest
3514:Carlos Cruz-Diez
3491:Arturo Michelena
3461:, architecture (
3378:system, such as
3327:culture of Spain
3314:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3251:
3227:
3219:
3119:Peruvian cuisine
2964:Culture of Chile
2861:Nicaraguan music
2600:reflects strong
2567:
2564:
2546:
2539:
2178:Fernanda Melchor
2166:Guadalupe Nettel
2138:Guadalupe Dueñas
2074:The Mangy Parrot
1936:tres leches cake
1628:Brazilian cinema
1579:Argentine cinema
1527:Fernando Solanas
1338:, the Colombian
1310:Portuguese music
1149:Eduardo Mendieta
1145:Giannina Braschi
1097:José Vasconcelos
1093:Francisco Romero
1065:self-realization
998:Gabriela Mistral
979:Carlos Monsiváis
975:Rigoberta Menchú
947:Giannina Braschi
930:, and above all
928:Alejo Carpentier
701:Arts and leisure
666:Folk Catholicism
457:
451:
445:
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6688:
6684:
6683:
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6679:
6678:
6649:
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6616:
6605:Latin Americans
6565:
6483:
6420:
6401:Stock exchanges
6362:
6305:
6281:
6225:
6174:
6114:
6108:
6078:
6073:
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6057:
5977:
5959:
5917:Central America
5911:
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5574:
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5459:
5453:Wayback Machine
5441:
5437:
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5220:
5207:
5203:
5198:. 23 July 2024.
5194:
5193:
5189:
5183:Theatre Journal
5180:
5176:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5158:
5153:
5149:
5140:
5136:
5131:
5127:
5122:
5115:
5107:Taylor, Diana.
5106:
5102:
5093:
5091:
5080:
5076:
5065:
5061:
5052:
5050:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5027:
5025:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5006:
5004:
5003:. Caravan Music
4999:
4998:
4994:
4985:
4983:
4976:
4972:
4965:
4949:
4945:
4941:Morales, pg. xi
4940:
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4909:
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4703:10.2307/1770341
4687:
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4555:
4539:
4535:
4526:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4508:
4500:
4498:
4487:
4483:
4473:Teresa A. Meade
4471:
4467:
4458:
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4448:
4447:
4443:
4434:
4432:
4424:
4423:
4419:
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4168:
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4150:
4149:
4145:
4140:. 18 July 2021.
4136:
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4075:
4073:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4006:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3981:needs expansion
3966:
3952:
3950:Rio de la Plata
3946:
3872:Modern Art Week
3866:Modern painting
3784:
3778:
3775:
3768:needs expansion
3753:
3747:
3727:Magglio Ordóñez
3723:Félix Hernández
3572:Rómulo Gallegos
3507:kinetic artists
3499:Armando Reverón
3495:Cristóbal Rojas
3444:
3427:
3315:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3252:
3250:
3240:
3228:
3217:
3211:
3015:
3013:Culture of Peru
3009:
2982:
2976:Culture of Peru
2956:
2950:
2945:
2919:oral literature
2808:
2802:
2696:
2678:Caribbean coast
2674:Garifuna people
2656:
2620:Day of the Dead
2612:
2583:
2577:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2552:needs expansion
2537:
2511:
2509:Central America
2505:
2503:Central America
2442:Eyewitness News
2361:Verónica Castro
2280:Juventino Rosas
2244:Mexican vihuela
2203:music of Mexico
2198:
2196:Music of Mexico
2057:Netzahualcoyotl
2047:
2009:Native American
1968:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1932:arroz con leche
1830:
1824:
1761:
1675:
1667:Main articles:
1665:
1585:to produce the
1569:Arturo Ripstein
1561:Carlos Reygadas
1492:
1486:
1433:Agustín Barrios
1282:Caribbean music
1199:
1193:
1179:and ethnicity,
1089:Herbert Spencer
1022:
758:
752:
746:
718:
709:
703:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
550:
544:
455:
449:
443:
435:
263:
257:
242:The culture of
146:Western culture
41:Native American
33:popular culture
17:
12:
11:
5:
6687:
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6666:
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6297:
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6280:
6279:
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6272:United Kingdom
6269:
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6175:
6173:
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6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6150:Decolonization
6147:
6142:
6137:
6131:
6129:
6122:
6116:
6115:
6113: articles
6107:
6106:
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6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5987:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5969:
5967:
5965:Middle America
5961:
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5957:
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5806:
5804:
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5797:
5790:
5789:
5782:
5775:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5723:
5722:External links
5720:
5719:
5718:
5711:Turino, Thomas
5708:
5701:
5691:
5684:
5677:
5670:
5663:
5653:
5646:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5608:
5587:
5582:Alonso, Paul.
5578:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5563:
5554:
5542:
5533:
5519:
5506:
5497:
5488:
5479:
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5034:
5013:
4992:
4970:
4963:
4943:
4934:
4907:
4892:
4874:
4841:Latino Studies
4831:
4816:
4798:
4787:upittpress.org
4773:
4748:
4737:philpapers.org
4724:
4697:(2): 113–143.
4681:
4674:
4654:
4641:
4621:
4596:
4583:
4560:
4553:
4533:
4506:
4481:
4465:
4441:
4417:
4410:
4390:
4377:
4345:
4331:Paul Sigmund.
4323:
4296:
4270:
4259:on 10 May 2015
4241:
4230:
4219:
4175:
4143:
4126:
4082:
4050:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4025:Arts by region
4022:
4017:
4012:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3978:
3976:
3945:
3942:
3914:
3913:
3906:United Nations
3868:
3867:
3839:A Bride's Gown
3828:The Dead Woman
3793:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3765:
3763:
3749:Main article:
3746:
3743:
3739:Cy Young Award
3715:Miguel Cabrera
3657:Baralt Theatre
3475:Venezuelan art
3440:Main article:
3426:
3423:
3404:armed conflict
3367:Villa de Leyva
3349:system, and a
3343:African slaves
3317:
3316:
3231:
3229:
3222:
3213:Main article:
3210:
3207:
3157:Peruvian music
3121:is a blend of
3011:Main article:
3008:
3005:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2855:Cayman Islands
2804:Main article:
2801:
2798:
2790:Guatemala City
2780:is the unique
2692:Main article:
2652:Main article:
2608:Main article:
2579:Main article:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2549:
2547:
2504:
2501:
2272:música norteña
2248:Mariachi music
2194:Main article:
2188:Jarabe Tapatío
2158:Álvaro Enrigue
2154:Rodolfo Usigli
2150:Maruxa Vilalta
2122:Mariano Azuela
2110:Carlos Fuentes
2043:Main article:
1964:Main article:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1924:dulce de leche
1864:) and various
1862:chicha de jora
1826:Main article:
1823:
1820:
1787:the Americas.
1760:
1757:
1705:country bars.
1701:being done in
1664:
1661:
1646:Cidade de Deus
1537:Mexican movies
1531:Octavio Getino
1488:Main article:
1485:
1482:
1460:Caetano Veloso
1410:combined into
1195:Main article:
1192:
1189:
1153:Walter Mignolo
1137:Ofelia Schutte
1121:Walter Mignolo
1117:Remedios Varos
1087:in France and
1021:
1018:
994:García Márquez
959:Roberto Bolaño
955:Ricardo Piglia
943:Isabel Allende
919:Yo, el supremo
916:'s monumental
910:Carlos Fuentes
884:Julio Cortázar
834:Juan León Mera
791:'s letters or
781:conquistadores
776:of Guatemala.
748:Main article:
745:
742:
717:
714:
702:
699:
661:
658:
646:Evangelicalism
586:Roman Catholic
576:(90%), mostly
546:Main article:
543:
540:
434:
431:
259:Main article:
256:
253:
252:
251:
240:
202:
167:
149:
104:Spanish Empire
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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6672:
6670:
6667:
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6662:
6660:
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6656:
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6634:
6631:
6630:
6627:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6595:Ethnic groups
6593:
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6409:
6407:
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6399:
6397:
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6390:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6375:
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6369:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
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6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6278:
6277:United States
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6191:Environmental
6189:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6112:
6111:Latin America
6105:
6100:
6098:
6093:
6091:
6086:
6085:
6082:
6072:
6066:not included.
6065:
6060:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6022:French Guiana
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5984:
5983:South America
5980:
5974:
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5966:
5962:
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5712:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5692:
5689:
5686:Olsen, Dale.
5685:
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5678:
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5651:
5647:
5644:
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5630:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
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5609:9781138295865
5605:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5567:
5558:
5549:
5547:
5537:
5528:
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5510:
5501:
5492:
5483:
5476:
5470:
5461:
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5450:
5447:
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5439:
5432:
5428:
5423:
5416:
5412:
5407:
5398:
5389:
5380:
5371:
5362:
5353:
5346:
5340:
5333:
5327:
5320:
5316:
5311:
5304:
5298:
5284:
5280:
5274:
5260:on 2007-12-06
5259:
5255:
5249:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5223:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5197:
5191:
5184:
5178:
5169:
5160:
5151:
5144:
5138:
5129:
5120:
5118:
5110:
5104:
5090:on 2005-08-30
5089:
5085:
5078:
5070:
5069:Global Rhythm
5063:
5049:on 2006-08-11
5048:
5044:
5038:
5023:
5017:
5002:
4996:
4981:
4974:
4966:
4964:9780313087943
4960:
4956:
4955:
4947:
4938:
4924:
4920:
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4912:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4889:
4885:
4878:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4835:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4817:950-845-118-1
4813:
4809:
4802:
4788:
4784:
4777:
4763:
4759:
4752:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4720:
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4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4685:
4677:
4675:9780312210267
4671:
4667:
4666:
4658:
4651:
4645:
4631:
4625:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4586:
4584:9780674821064
4580:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4556:
4554:9780534621582
4550:
4546:
4545:
4537:
4523:
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4511:
4496:
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4478:
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4451:
4445:
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4427:
4421:
4413:
4411:9780714651262
4407:
4403:
4402:
4394:
4387:
4381:
4362:
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4349:
4334:
4327:
4311:
4307:
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4280:
4274:
4255:
4251:
4245:
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4228:
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4031:
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4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
3995:
3986:
3982:
3979:This section
3977:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3923:
3918:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3908:in New York.
3907:
3903:
3902:
3901:War and Peace
3897:
3896:Expressionism
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:, 1934). and
3825:
3821:
3817:
3816:O Rei da Vela
3813:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3789:
3782:
3773:
3769:
3766:This section
3764:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3735:Johan Santana
3732:
3731:Ugueth Urbina
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3699:Freddy Garcia
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3683:Luis Aparicio
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3631:Eloy Palacios
3628:
3623:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3526:Mateo Manaure
3523:
3519:
3518:Jacobo Borges
3515:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3422:
3420:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3395:to this day.
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3345:, the feudal
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3313:
3310:
3302:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3260: –
3259:
3255:
3254:Find sources:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3232:This article
3230:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3105:César Vallejo
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3089:Ricardo Palma
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3069:pre-Columbian
3066:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3037:architectural
3034:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:Gran Colombia
2989:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2954:Andean states
2948:Andean states
2943:South America
2940:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2915:pre-Columbian
2912:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
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2831:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2778:Maya religion
2775:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2695:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2679:
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2644:
2640:
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2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2566:
2557:
2553:
2550:This section
2548:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2412:American Idol
2408:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
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2354:
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2296:
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2289:
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2253:
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2224:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2130:Amparo Dávila
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2114:Agustín Yáñez
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2094:Alfonso Reyes
2091:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:regiomontanos
2023:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1955:North America
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1917:aguas frescas
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:pico de gallo
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:chicha morada
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
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1773:
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1765:
1756:
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1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
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1727:
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1719:
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1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1692:
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1679:
1674:
1670:
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1658:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1602:Plata Quemada
1598:
1595:in 1985. The
1594:
1593:
1588:
1587:Academy Award
1584:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1550:Amores Perros
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:Jorge Negrete
1453:
1452:Mercedes Sosa
1449:
1445:
1444:Violeta Parra
1441:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1429:Antonio Lauro
1426:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:, Nicaraguan
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:Spanish music
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:musical areas
1222:
1220:
1219:nueva canción
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1185:decoloniality
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:Maria Lugones
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:Auguste Comte
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:Pre-Columbian
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
986:
984:
983:Pedro Lemebel
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
951:Diamela Eltit
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
902:magic realism
899:
895:
891:
890:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
869:
864:
860:
859:
853:
851:
850:
845:
841:
840:
835:
831:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
757:
751:
741:
734:
730:
726:
722:
713:
708:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
567:
563:
559:
554:
549:
539:
537:
532:
530:
526:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
458:
453:-Portuguese;
452:
446:
439:
430:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:Southern Cone
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
274:
272:
268:
267:ethnic groups
262:
255:Ethnic groups
249:
245:
241:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
25:Latin America
22:
6571:Demographics
6488:
6165:World War II
6070:
6064:Dependencies
6021:
5892:Sint Maarten
5891:
5869:
5837:
5815:
5714:
5704:
5697:
5694:(in Spanish)
5687:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5656:Custer, Tony
5649:
5642:
5639:(in Spanish)
5632:
5625:
5591:
5583:
5577:Bibliography
5566:
5557:
5536:
5514:
5509:
5500:
5491:
5482:
5477:, pp. 17–22.
5474:
5473:Dale Olsen,
5469:
5460:
5444:
5438:
5433:, pp. 25–38.
5430:
5422:
5417:, pp. 17–22.
5414:
5406:
5397:
5388:
5379:
5370:
5361:
5352:
5344:
5339:
5331:
5326:
5321:, pp. 72–74.
5318:
5310:
5302:
5297:
5286:. Retrieved
5282:
5273:
5262:. Retrieved
5258:the original
5248:
5237:. Retrieved
5233:
5213:
5209:
5204:
5190:
5182:
5177:
5168:
5159:
5150:
5142:
5137:
5128:
5108:
5103:
5092:. Retrieved
5088:the original
5077:
5068:
5062:
5051:. Retrieved
5047:the original
5037:
5026:. Retrieved
5016:
5005:. Retrieved
4995:
4984:. Retrieved
4973:
4953:
4946:
4937:
4926:. Retrieved
4922:
4883:
4877:
4847:(1): 66–81.
4844:
4840:
4834:
4807:
4801:
4790:. Retrieved
4786:
4776:
4765:. Retrieved
4761:
4751:
4740:. Retrieved
4736:
4727:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4664:
4657:
4649:
4644:
4633:. Retrieved
4624:
4613:. Retrieved
4611:. 2018-05-22
4608:
4599:
4588:. Retrieved
4573:
4569:Paz, Octavio
4563:
4543:
4536:
4525:. Retrieved
4521:
4499:, retrieved
4494:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4457:. Retrieved
4453:
4444:
4433:. Retrieved
4429:
4420:
4400:
4393:
4385:
4380:
4368:. Retrieved
4361:the original
4348:
4337:. Retrieved
4326:
4314:. Retrieved
4299:
4287:. Retrieved
4283:pewforum.org
4282:
4273:
4261:. Retrieved
4254:the original
4244:
4233:
4222:
4198:, retrieved
4185:
4178:
4167:. Retrieved
4155:
4146:
4105:, retrieved
4092:
4085:
4074:. Retrieved
4062:
4053:
4043:
4030:Sumak Kawsay
3989:
3985:adding to it
3980:
3927:
3899:
3878:art include
3869:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3776:
3772:adding to it
3767:
3707:Omar Vizquel
3669:
3635:
3626:
3596:Andrés Bello
3538:
3503:Manuel Cabré
3473:
3469:
3462:
3445:
3416:
3397:
3375:
3372:
3354:
3324:
3320:
3305:
3296:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3253:
3241:Please help
3236:verification
3233:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3187:include the
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3155:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3127:Spanish food
3117:
3097:Ciro Alegría
3092:
3063:
3052:
3049:Cuzco School
3041:Machu Picchu
3027:
3024:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2935:El Güegüense
2933:
2932:
2909:
2897:Palo de Mayo
2870:
2859:
2839:protectorate
2828:
2815:
2772:
2760:
2759:
2755:Lake Atitlán
2723:Rabinal Achí
2698:
2697:
2658:
2657:
2639:Maya cuisine
2625:
2624:
2595:
2560:
2556:adding to it
2551:
2460:bullfighting
2453:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2389:and current
2384:
2365:Lucía Méndez
2342:
2328:
2321:An image of
2292:
2284:Agustín Lara
2262:, mariachi,
2252:son huasteco
2216:
2200:
2199:
2170:Juan Villoro
2142:Bruno Traven
2079:
2072:
2049:
2048:
2025:
2021:
2002:
1992:
1982:Monument to
1921:
1890:
1835:
1831:
1811:Larco Museum
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1753:social dance
1750:
1715:
1711:Puerto Rican
1696:
1684:
1663:Modern dance
1653:Cuban cinema
1651:
1644:
1638:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1608:Nueve reinas
1606:
1600:
1590:
1577:
1554:
1548:
1535:
1523:Third Cinema
1520:
1505:
1499:
1468:
1437:
1418:
1411:
1370:, Uruguayan
1368:palo de mayo
1350:, the Cuban
1333:
1318:
1314:
1230:Andean music
1223:
1215:Andean flute
1200:
1165:
1052:period, and
1023:
1006:Pablo Neruda
987:
939:Paulo Coelho
936:
917:
887:
877:
866:
856:
854:
847:
837:
827:
812:Doris Sommer
809:
778:
759:
738:
719:
710:
574:Christianity
571:
566:Vatican City
533:
462:
454:
448:
442:
424:
393:
314:
287:
275:
264:
237:coolie trade
233:Asian groups
128:
100:16th century
80:Roman Empire
76:Vulgar Latin
53:
29:high culture
20:
18:
6561:Video games
6389:Agroecology
6384:Agriculture
6267:South Korea
6170:Debt crisis
5935:El Salvador
5881:Saint Lucia
5870:Puerto Rico
5427:Tony Custer
5411:Tony Custer
4762:The Columns
4316:October 17,
4189:, Witness,
4096:, Witness,
3912:Photography
3719:Bobby Abreu
3568:Fermín Toro
3552:Romanticism
3522:Harry Abend
3455:petroglyphs
3339:Catholicism
3093:Indigenismo
3085:Romanticism
3081:Costumbrism
3054:Indigenismo
2986:Inca Empire
2924:Rubén Darío
2893:dance music
2825:, Nicaragua
2763:Maya people
2715:Mayan Bible
2481:Lucha Libre
2468:Mexico City
2448:Action News
2406:Big Brother
2396:Family Feud
2357:telenovelas
2353:Soap operas
2307:Mexico City
2295:Guadalajara
2174:Jorge Volpi
2162:Daniel Sada
2118:Elena Garro
2082:Octavio Paz
1999:Octavio Paz
1995:Nobel Prize
1988:Mexico City
1722:cha-cha-cha
1669:Latin dance
1643:(1999) and
1633:Cinema Novo
1617:(2004) and
1553:(2000) and
1448:Víctor Jara
1425:Leo Brouwer
1398:, American
1302:Puerto Rico
1266:El Salvador
1169:immigration
1135:(1949) and
1105:Octavio Paz
1101:metaphysics
1054:Hieronymite
1038:philosopher
1010:Octavio Paz
963:Daniel Sada
863:Rubén Darío
842:(1879), or
602:Evangelical
598:Pentecostal
120:Los Angeles
51:influence.
6653:Categories
6554:Telenovela
6544:Television
6524:Literature
6321:Governance
6206:Literature
5930:Costa Rica
5643:Peruanidad
5618:1112422733
5303:Peruanidad
5288:2007-08-03
5264:2007-08-03
5239:2007-08-03
5094:2006-05-23
5053:2006-05-23
5028:2006-05-23
5007:2006-05-23
4986:2006-05-23
4928:2020-08-08
4902:1143649021
4792:2020-08-08
4767:2020-08-08
4742:2020-08-08
4635:2020-08-08
4615:2020-08-08
4590:2020-08-08
4527:2020-08-08
4501:2020-08-08
4459:2024-07-27
4435:2024-07-27
4339:2006-05-21
4200:2022-02-15
4169:2022-02-15
4107:2022-02-15
4076:2022-02-15
4036:References
3938:Guy Veloso
3922:Guy Veloso
3663:, and the
3649:Aula Magna
3647:) and its
3608:Positivism
3451:indigenous
3447:Venezuelan
3347:encomienda
3299:March 2017
3269:newspapers
3150:pachamanca
3132:anticuchos
3123:Amerindian
3073:chronicles
3003:Catholic.
2928:modernismo
2845:, such as
2786:Protestant
2744:Carlos III
2728:Saint Paul
2686:Rock bands
2647:quesadilla
2493:Basketball
2381:Diego Luna
2258:, Mexican
2219:teponaztli
2126:Juan Rulfo
1984:Cuauhtémoc
1897:Pisco Sour
1703:honky-tonk
1541:Golden Era
1413:bossa nova
1346:, Mexican
1278:Costa Rica
1081:positivism
1073:José Martí
1020:Philosophy
924:Juan Rulfo
873:José Martí
858:modernismo
849:Os Sertões
820:Naturalist
754:See also:
744:Literature
694:See also:
594:Protestant
472:Portuguese
447:-Spanish;
389:Ukrainians
341:Portuguese
271:Amerindian
223:and other
138:Portuguese
68:Portuguese
6549:Companies
6464:Etiquette
6452:Education
6358:Pink tide
6343:Falangism
6328:Democracy
6290:Geography
6201:Libraries
6128:By period
6053:Venezuela
5991:Argentina
5950:Nicaragua
5940:Guatemala
5802:Caribbean
5334:, p. 263.
5305:, p. 472.
5210:Mestizaje
4869:212759434
4861:1476-3443
4711:0010-4124
3992:June 2008
3930:Vik Muniz
3876:Brazilian
3818:, 1933),
3779:June 2008
3741:winner).
3711:Luis Sojo
3560:narrative
3483:Modernism
3425:Venezuela
3414:in 1932.
3392:Carnivals
2800:Nicaragua
2782:syncretic
2706:Popol Vuh
2670:idiophone
2643:enchilada
2575:Guatemala
2563:June 2008
2456:charreria
2451:formats.
2436:Nightline
2349:TV Azteca
2303:Monterrey
2240:old world
2022:Chilangos
1886:Churrasco
1870:guacamole
1842:tortillas
1720:, salsa,
1673:Latin pop
1605:(2000),
1545:Hollywood
1539:from the
1502:in Mexico
1470:Latin pop
1464:Yma Sumac
1380:tamborito
1344:vallenato
1270:Guatemala
1262:Nicaragua
1260:includes
1254:Venezuela
1159:focus on
1123:(1941-),
1113:Sor Juana
971:subaltern
967:testimony
852:(1902)).
766:Popol Vuh
512:Argentina
500:Guatemala
408:Armenians
361:Sephardic
357:Ashkenazi
337:Spaniards
325:Argentina
298:mulattoes
248:syncretic
195:Venezuela
193:, Chile,
171:Argentina
6633:Category
6539:Religion
6474:HIV/AIDS
6469:Feminism
6314:Politics
6216:Brujería
6211:Military
6186:Catholic
6179:By topic
6043:Suriname
6033:Paraguay
6011:Colombia
5945:Honduras
5844:Dominica
5827:Barbados
5757:Latineos
5449:Archived
4826:53331582
4571:(1990).
4310:Archived
4289:March 4,
4208:citation
4195:69339773
4115:citation
4102:69339773
4004:See also
3675:football
3671:Baseball
3489:include
3464:shabonos
3356:criollos
3209:Colombia
3190:marinera
3174:charango
3165:and the
3059:eclectic
2901:Garifuna
2885:mandolin
2834:European
2819:Carnaval
2768:huipiles
2476:baseball
2345:Televisa
2256:ranchera
2246:used in
2018:Veracruz
2001:'s book
1901:horchata
1738:flamenco
1730:merengue
1691:mariachi
1623:(2004).
1611:(2000),
1372:candombe
1348:ranchera
1325:merengue
1286:Colombia
1274:Honduras
1234:Colombia
1207:habanera
1203:conjunto
1181:feminism
1131:(1942),
1042:composer
1030:Colonial
1016:(2010).
832:(1845),
816:Romantic
807:(1816).
789:Columbus
785:crónicas
729:Plaquita
660:Folklore
652:, after
638:Santería
614:Buddhist
542:Religion
508:Paraguay
496:Colombia
433:Language
420:Japanese
400:Lebanese
381:Russians
333:Italians
283:criollos
279:mestizos
229:Armenian
221:Lebanese
209:Japanese
187:Colombia
108:New York
56:cultural
6514:Cuisine
6489:Culture
6429:Society
6406:Tourism
6372:Economy
6301:Regions
6221:Slavery
6120:History
6048:Uruguay
6016:Ecuador
5996:Bolivia
5864:Jamaica
5854:Grenada
5838:Curaçao
5822:Bahamas
5283:ViaNica
4719:1770341
4454:dr1.com
4388:(2000).
4263:4 April
3832:A Morta
3791:Theatre
3653:Capitol
3412:Leticia
3335:Tayrona
3283:scholar
3196:tondero
3144:humitas
3138:ceviche
3045:Baroque
2895:called
2889:hammers
2873:marimba
2857:, etc.
2847:Jamaica
2823:Managua
2794:Maximón
2666:marimba
2430:Donahue
2375:. Even
2264:corrido
2231:conches
2227:rattles
1997:winner
1928:alfajor
1854:pupusas
1846:tamales
1817:, Peru.
1759:Theatre
1742:bachata
1699:cha-cha
1589:winner
1388:pasillo
1329:bachata
1246:Ecuador
1242:Bolivia
1050:Baroque
1048:of the
889:Rayuela
839:Cumandá
829:Facundo
801:criollo
770:Quechua
762:codices
642:Macumba
529:Quechua
525:Guaraní
520:Nahuatl
504:Bolivia
492:Ecuador
464:Spanish
459:-French
416:Chinese
412:Koreans
404:Syrians
396:Indians
391:, etc.
349:Germans
329:Uruguay
205:Chinese
179:Uruguay
156:Quechua
142:Iberian
134:Spanish
112:Chicago
84:English
72:Romance
64:Spanish
45:African
37:Western
6638:Portal
6588:Cities
6502:Cinema
6237:Canada
6196:Jewish
6028:Guyana
6001:Brazil
5973:Mexico
5955:Panama
5925:Belize
5616:
5606:
4961:
4900:
4890:
4867:
4859:
4824:
4814:
4717:
4709:
4672:
4581:
4551:
4408:
4193:
4100:
3962:, and
3936:, and
3892:Cubism
3886:, and
3745:Brazil
3733:, and
3659:, the
3655:, the
3627:joropo
3590:, and
3505:, the
3459:crafts
3388:zambos
3384:moreno
3380:mulato
3331:Muisca
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3202:huayno
3147:, and
3103:, and
2978:, and
2881:guitar
2877:fiddle
2851:Belize
2732:UNESCO
2721:. The
2682:Cumbia
2533:, and
2474:while
2373:Thalía
2371:, and
2369:Lucero
2299:Puebla
2270:, and
2260:bolero
2235:voices
2223:flutes
2212:Europe
2088:, and
2014:Puebla
1960:Mexico
1905:chicha
1866:salsas
1850:arepas
1630:, the
1392:Andean
1384:saloma
1376:cumbia
1356:bolero
1340:cumbia
1300:, and
1290:Panama
1276:, and
1183:, and
1173:gender
774:Quiché
716:Sports
696:Cuento
654:Europe
640:, and
630:Baháʼí
622:Muslim
618:Jewish
610:Mormon
582:Brazil
516:Mexico
514:, and
488:Panama
450:Orange
427:Latino
377:Croats
373:Greeks
355:(both
345:French
310:pardos
306:zambos
294:blacks
290:slaves
244:Africa
217:Indian
213:Korean
199:Mexico
183:Brazil
164:Aymara
162:, and
122:, and
116:Dallas
6534:Music
6529:Media
6519:Dance
6507:Films
6440:Crime
6257:Japan
6252:Italy
6247:India
6242:China
6006:Chile
5859:Haiti
5816:Aruba
4865:S2CID
4715:JSTOR
4370:7 May
4364:(PDF)
4357:(PDF)
4257:(pdf)
4048:2008.
3643:, (a
3406:with
3376:casta
3351:caste
3290:JSTOR
3276:books
3180:cajón
3168:tinya
3162:quena
2905:Punta
2668:, an
2602:Mayan
2464:Ulama
2391:Zegna
2383:from
2311:malls
2268:banda
1913:cacao
1909:atole
1882:Asado
1838:maize
1746:tango
1734:samba
1726:rumba
1718:mambo
1707:Miami
1687:Salsa
1408:choro
1396:samba
1364:mambo
1360:rumba
1352:salsa
1336:tango
1321:salsa
1308:(and
1250:Chile
1191:Music
626:Hindu
484:Chile
444:Green
385:Welsh
369:Poles
365:Irish
124:Miami
96:Latin
88:Dutch
49:Asian
6610:List
6038:Peru
5832:Cuba
5736:ERIC
5614:OCLC
5604:ISBN
4959:ISBN
4898:OCLC
4888:ISBN
4857:ISSN
4822:OCLC
4812:ISBN
4707:ISSN
4670:ISBN
4579:ISBN
4549:ISBN
4406:ISBN
4372:2020
4318:2017
4291:2015
4265:2015
4214:link
4191:OCLC
4121:link
4098:OCLC
3894:and
3673:and
3625:The
3602:and
3566:and
3512:and
3408:Peru
3382:and
3262:news
3199:and
3125:and
3083:and
3075:and
3007:Peru
2761:The
2659:The
2626:The
2596:The
2489:UNAM
2458:and
2445:and
2433:and
2379:and
2347:and
2286:and
2210:and
2201:The
2176:and
2152:and
2144:and
2063:and
2050:The
1944:flan
1942:and
1940:Teja
1915:and
1893:mate
1878:mole
1815:Lima
1671:and
1620:Roma
1571:and
1563:and
1529:and
1513:The
1498:The
1484:Film
1474:rock
1406:and
1400:jazz
1386:and
1362:and
1342:and
1298:Cuba
1252:and
1238:Peru
1177:race
1046:poet
981:and
941:and
908:and
880:boom
868:Azul
556:The
456:Blue
418:and
359:and
353:Jews
225:Arab
191:Cuba
175:Peru
160:Maya
136:and
47:and
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6497:Art
5596:doi
4923:obo
4849:doi
4699:doi
4160:doi
4067:doi
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3457:),
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