37:
53:
3259:
22:
233:
is, along with like-sounding cognate forms, an element frequently found in Celtic toponymy; especially that of
Ireland and Scotland. It can include fortifications of all sizes and kinds:
2653:
1108:
1015:
1304:
26:
213:, but are smaller and probably would not have been capable of supporting a very tall structure. Good examples of this kind of dun can be found in the
198:
in about the 7th century BC. Early duns had near vertical ramparts made of stone and timber. There were two walls, an inner wall and the outside one.
3284:
202:
are the remains of duns that have been set on fire and where stones have been partly melted. Use of duns continued in some parts into the
1366:
3294:
2469:
1301:
3063:
2758:
3314:
2878:
2663:
1339:
1329:
1289:
1237:
1216:
1200:
1173:
1091:
1063:
142:. In this region, substitution of the Brittonic form by the Gaelic equivalent may have been widespread in toponyms.
3299:
3309:
3088:
3289:
2311:
1849:
1359:
2648:
1729:
2244:
2693:
2318:
3190:
2268:
329:
3237:
3012:
2718:
2713:
2633:
2430:
2377:
2347:
2104:
2034:
1978:
1555:
1352:
3262:
3078:
2668:
2565:
2450:
1634:
440:
272:
3215:
3053:
2835:
2588:
2325:
2148:
1477:
765:
428:
179:
1334:
Scotland's Hidden
History - Ian Armit, Tempus (in association with Historic Scotland) 1998,
3200:
2728:
2354:
2153:
2119:
1519:
1401:
949:
643:
277:
8:
3017:
2753:
2109:
1281:
690:("lake fort"). Coates has rejected such an etymology as "incompatible with early forms".
679:
76:
36:
3139:
2748:
2723:
2708:
2703:
2553:
2533:
2330:
1891:
1758:
1502:
188:
52:
3304:
3195:
3154:
3129:
3002:
2683:
2523:
2370:
1956:
1834:
1512:
1455:
1335:
1325:
1285:
1257:
1233:
1212:
1196:
1169:
1087:
1086:(First edition revised 2011 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 153.
1059:
848:
71:
is an ancient or medieval fort. In Great
Britain and Ireland it is mainly a kind of
3169:
3144:
3073:
2997:
2598:
2593:
2528:
2079:
1883:
1462:
1144:
936:
458:
449:
402:
135:
127:
257:
3058:
2910:
2883:
2823:
2793:
2678:
2643:
2623:
2608:
2163:
2158:
2126:
1887:
1829:
1817:
1799:
1666:
1647:
1573:
1550:
1308:
1163:
703:
580:
571:
471:
365:
282:
174:
95:
41:
3227:
3222:
2888:
2873:
2808:
2798:
2673:
2658:
2558:
2548:
2513:
2387:
2180:
1877:
1844:
1808:
1624:
1482:
1446:
743:
507:
342:
242:
214:
199:
166:
162:
113:
88:
3278:
3232:
3185:
3093:
3083:
3037:
3007:
2992:
2961:
2942:
2803:
2743:
2698:
2613:
2572:
2382:
2015:
2010:
1743:
1706:
1691:
1642:
1587:
1566:
1375:
731:
592:
418:
351:
146:
30:
1148:
3210:
3068:
3032:
2987:
2971:
2899:
2852:
2828:
2818:
2813:
2628:
2445:
2306:
2273:
2138:
2074:
2049:
1961:
1935:
1903:
1897:
1839:
1778:
1748:
1596:
1324:
Scotland Before
History - Stuart Piggott, Edinburgh University Press 1982,
1313:
748:
717:
462:
453:
444:
1261:
3109:
2966:
2935:
2917:
2905:
2847:
2842:
2783:
2778:
2738:
2638:
2603:
2499:
2402:
2173:
2143:
2133:
2039:
1928:
1545:
1492:
487:
Some place-names in
England are derived from Brittonic cognates of Welsh
386:
333:
313:
Many settlement and geographical names in
Scotland are named with Gaelic
252:
203:
1736:
778:. The Gaulish term survives in many toponyms in France and Switzerland:
3134:
2954:
2926:
2857:
2733:
2688:
2618:
2538:
2435:
2340:
2280:
2239:
2217:
2168:
2114:
2064:
2059:
2044:
2003:
1951:
1909:
1854:
1696:
1612:
894:
699:
664:
575:
525:
392:
374:
262:
3114:
1659:
2543:
2474:
2301:
2296:
2229:
1870:
1783:
1713:
1671:
1497:
1467:
1428:
1394:
658:
652:
647:
467:
338:
302:
292:
287:
247:
184:
106:
45:
3027:
3022:
2947:
2788:
2506:
2481:
2464:
2394:
2335:
2263:
2256:
2099:
1987:
1861:
1681:
1676:
1652:
1580:
1560:
1540:
1507:
1135:
Coates, Richard (1998). "A new explanation of the name of London".
790:
625:
621:
521:
511:
503:
432:
414:
347:
297:
218:
131:
72:
56:
21:
3159:
3124:
3119:
2457:
2440:
2425:
2409:
2361:
2289:
2234:
2224:
2192:
2094:
2069:
2054:
1824:
1768:
1686:
1533:
1526:
1472:
1344:
954:
926:
914:
910:
906:
889:
873:
869:
753:
727:
713:
557:
370:
322:
318:
267:
170:
102:
3164:
2518:
2084:
2022:
1966:
1944:
1921:
1914:
1790:
1773:
1605:
1437:
1419:
1389:
838:
809:
675:
543:
408:
361:
3205:
3149:
2893:
2418:
2249:
2089:
1410:
1230:
Ancient Celtic
Placenames in Europe and Asia Minor, Number 39
819:
803:
782:
772:, yielding Greek ÎŽÎżáżŠÎœÎżÎœ. It is ultimately cognate to English
317:("fort"), as well as cognates in Brittonic languages such as
210:
195:
158:
2187:
2029:
1996:
1971:
1763:
1753:
1722:
1701:
829:
795:
774:
380:
856:
16:
Type of ancient or medieval fort in
Britain and Ireland
1195:
Xavier
Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise,
1109:"The Brittonic Language in the Old North (2023)"
610:Temon, Cumberland - possibly equivalent to Welsh
3276:
149:(hill fort) is probably etymologically cognate.
1616:
2178:
2124:
1942:
1788:
1227:
395:, Fife â possibly Pictish equivalent of Welsh
157:In some areas duns were built on any suitable
2833:
2563:
2392:
2368:
1985:
1976:
1933:
1657:
1453:
1444:
1360:
122:In certain instances, place-names containing
2952:
2933:
2924:
2915:
2504:
2479:
2455:
2416:
2407:
2359:
2345:
2316:
2287:
2278:
2254:
2215:
2020:
2001:
1919:
1868:
1859:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1734:
1720:
1711:
1594:
1571:
909:- Ancient Latin name of the town Isaccea in
499:), and fewer perhaps from the Gaelic form.
1603:
1585:
1531:
1517:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1053:
169:. There are many duns on the west coast of
1367:
1353:
383:â possibly dĂčn-Ăirinn ("fort of Ireland").
1016:"The Brittonic Language in the Old North"
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
920:
759:
1256:, Editura ÈtiinÈificÄ Èi EnciclopedicÄ (
1228:Simms-Williams, Patrick (24 July 2006).
1211:Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology,
1137:Transactions of the Philological Society
1130:
1128:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
221:, on artificial islands in small lakes.
51:
35:
20:
1161:
1100:
1077:
1075:
1054:Simon, Taylor; Markus, Gilbert (2006).
3277:
1155:
1134:
883:
161:or hillock, particularly south of the
1348:
1254:DicÈionar de istorie veche a RomĂąniei
1246:
1168:. Travel Publishing Ltd. p. 14.
1125:
1081:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
966:
3285:Fortifications in the United Kingdom
1072:
1058:(Illustrated ed.). Shaun Tyas.
263:DĂșn an Ri (Kingscourt), County Cavan
2759:Weapons Storage and Security System
1221:
1084:A Dictionary of British Place Names
635:may represent an ancient Brittonic
194:Duns seem to have arrived with the
13:
1374:
1036:
14:
3326:
1106:
1013:
939:, USA â see Dunedin, New Zealand.
3258:
3257:
933:, the Gaelic name for Edinburgh.
421:- Brittonic equivalent of Welsh
1302:Dunedin: Edinburgh of the south
1295:
1270:
1232:(Illustrated ed.). Wiley.
177:. For example, the tale of the
3295:Place name element etymologies
1205:
1189:
59:, central Ireland (from Irish
1:
2654:British "hedgehog" road block
960:
631:Roman-era toponyms ending in
1252:D.M. Pippidi et al., (1976)
589:Glendinning Rigg, Cumberland
82:
7:
3064:Cities with defensive walls
2649:Defensive fighting position
2564:
2369:
2179:
2125:
1986:
1977:
1943:
1934:
1789:
1023:Scottish Place Name Society
943:
560:, Herefordshire - formerly
308:
224:
10:
3331:
1165:The Hidden Places of Wales
900:
863:
667:, Cumberland â c.f. Welsh
482:
236:
152:
138:cognate of the Welsh form
3315:Fortifications in Ireland
3248:
3178:
3102:
3046:
2980:
2866:
2771:
2694:Hardened aircraft shelter
2669:Entry control point (ECP)
2581:
2492:
2208:
2201:
1633:
1382:
101:(meaning "fort"), and is
3191:Continuity of government
1162:Billing, Joanna (2003).
826:"fort on the Olon river"
737:
693:
425:("fort of the shallow").
134:, may be derived from a
3300:Archaeology of Scotland
3013:Motte-and-bailey castle
2719:Missile launch facility
2714:Main line of resistance
1409:
1149:10.1111/1467-968X.00027
1056:The Place-names of Fife
568:; compare Dinder above.
437:Dunoon, Argyll and Bute
3310:Fortifications by type
3089:Military installations
2953:
2934:
2925:
2916:
2834:
2505:
2480:
2456:
2446:Scarp and Counterscarp
2417:
2408:
2393:
2360:
2346:
2317:
2288:
2279:
2255:
2216:
2021:
2002:
1920:
1869:
1860:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1735:
1721:
1712:
1658:
1617:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1572:
1532:
1518:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1400:
1307:16 August 2017 at the
921:Elsewhere in the world
760:France and Switzerland
546:, Somerset - formerly
528:- equivalent to Welsh
514:. Equivalent to Welsh
399:("fort of the field").
64:
49:
33:
3290:Geography of Scotland
2858:Floating water castle
2589:Admiralty scaffolding
1882:Fortified buildings (
1082:Mills, A.D. (2011) .
929:, New Zealand â from
554:("hill with a fort").
536:("wood") (+ English,
518:("fort of the play").
354:â possibly Brittonic
55:
39:
24:
3201:Subterranean warfare
2154:Viking ring fortress
1278:The Celts: A History
950:Prehistoric Scotland
510:â obsolete name for
278:Dundrum, County Down
209:Duns are similar to
173:and they feature in
87:The term comes from
3018:Quadrangular castle
2754:Weapon storage area
2110:Quadrangular castle
884:Bulgaria and Serbia
77:Atlantic roundhouse
75:and also a kind of
2749:Underground hangar
2534:Fire control tower
2331:Gunpowder magazine
1759:Butter-churn tower
65:
50:
34:
3272:
3271:
3196:Military urbanism
3130:Fortified gateway
3003:Concentric castle
2767:
2766:
2684:Fire support base
2524:Coastal artillery
2399:(Spanish America)
1993:
1835:Concentric castle
1276:DĂĄithĂ Ă hĂgĂĄin,
1264:), p 149; entry:
849:Yverdon-les-Bains
766:Proto-Celtic form
607:("shining fort").
358:("thicket fort").
3322:
3261:
3260:
3254:
3145:National redoubt
3074:Fortified estate
2998:Circular rampart
2958:
2939:
2930:
2921:
2839:
2599:Anti-tank trench
2594:Air raid shelter
2569:
2529:Disappearing gun
2510:
2485:
2461:
2422:
2413:
2398:
2374:
2365:
2351:
2322:
2293:
2284:
2260:
2221:
2206:
2205:
2184:
2164:Bailey (or ward)
2130:
2035:Motte-and-bailey
2026:
2007:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1948:
1939:
1925:
1874:
1865:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1740:
1726:
1717:
1663:
1620:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1577:
1537:
1523:
1463:Circular rampart
1459:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1318:
1299:
1293:
1274:
1268:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1225:
1219:
1209:
1203:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1051:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1011:
937:Dunedin, Florida
661:, Northumberland
550:, compare Welsh
180:TĂĄin BĂł Flidhais
128:Northern England
63:, "MĂĄsc's fort")
27:Loch Steinacleit
3330:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3252:
3244:
3174:
3098:
3042:
2976:
2911:Imperial castle
2884:Coercion castle
2879:Coastal defence
2862:
2824:Promontory fort
2794:Hillside castle
2763:
2679:Fallout shelter
2644:Concertina wire
2624:Border security
2577:
2488:
2197:
1830:Coercion castle
1818:Cheval de frise
1800:Chemin de ronde
1648:Albarrana tower
1629:
1574:Schwedenschanze
1551:Promontory fort
1378:
1373:
1321:
1317:, 18 April 2012
1309:Wayback Machine
1300:
1296:
1275:
1271:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1226:
1222:
1210:
1206:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1160:
1156:
1133:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1052:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1018:
1012:
967:
963:
946:
923:
903:
886:
866:
762:
740:
704:Carmarthenshire
696:
572:Dunmallard Hill
485:
472:Scottish Gaelic
311:
283:Dundrum, Dublin
239:
227:
200:Vitrified forts
175:Irish mythology
155:
119:"city" comes).
96:Scottish Gaelic
85:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3328:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3230:
3228:Trench warfare
3225:
3223:Tunnel warfare
3220:
3219:
3218:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3079:Fortifications
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2896:
2891:
2889:Counter-castle
2886:
2881:
2876:
2874:Border barrier
2870:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2809:Lowland castle
2806:
2801:
2799:Hilltop castle
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2674:Electric fence
2671:
2666:
2664:Dragon's teeth
2661:
2659:Czech hedgehog
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2573:Wire obstacles
2570:
2561:
2559:Polygonal fort
2556:
2551:
2549:Martello tower
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2514:Border outpost
2511:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2400:
2390:
2388:Polygonal fort
2385:
2380:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2352:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2018:
2013:
2008:
1999:
1994:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1926:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1895:
1880:
1878:Flanking tower
1875:
1866:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1845:Counter-castle
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1732:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1635:Post-classical
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1625:Vitrified fort
1622:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1578:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1529:
1524:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Defensive wall
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1451:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1376:Fortifications
1372:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1332:
1320:
1319:
1294:
1269:
1245:
1238:
1220:
1204:
1188:
1174:
1154:
1143:(2): 203â229.
1124:
1099:
1092:
1071:
1064:
1035:
964:
962:
959:
958:
957:
952:
945:
942:
941:
940:
934:
922:
919:
918:
917:
902:
899:
898:
897:
892:
885:
882:
881:
880:
865:
862:
861:
860:
846:
836:
827:
817:
807:
793:
761:
758:
757:
756:
751:
746:
739:
736:
735:
734:
725:
724:("small fort")
711:
695:
692:
673:
672:
671:("high fort").
662:
656:
650:
629:
628:
619:
608:
595:, Yorkshire â
590:
587:
578:
569:
555:
541:
519:
508:Northumberland
491:(c.f. Cornish
484:
481:
480:
479:
465:
456:
447:
438:
435:
426:
412:
406:
400:
390:
384:
377:
368:
359:
345:
343:Dunbartonshire
336:
310:
307:
306:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
238:
235:
226:
223:
215:Outer Hebrides
167:Firth of Forth
163:Firth of Clyde
154:
151:
126:or similar in
84:
81:
25:Ruined dun in
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3327:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3265:
3264:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3233:Urban warfare
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Civil defense
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:Bastion forts
3052:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3038:Z-plan castle
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:L-plan castle
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:Bridge castle
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:Refuge castle
2960:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:Military base
2941:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2906:Hunting lodge
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Moated castle
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2804:Island castle
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:By topography
2770:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:Submarine pen
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:Hesco bastion
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:Blast shelter
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:Place-of-arms
2381:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2016:Machicolation
2014:
2012:
2011:L-plan castle
2009:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:Bridge castle
1742:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1707:Bent entrance
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:Battery tower
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Advanced work
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1567:Refuge castle
1565:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
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1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1340:0-7486-6067-4
1337:
1333:
1331:
1330:0-85224-348-0
1327:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1290:0-85115-923-0
1287:
1283:
1282:Boydell Press
1279:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1241:
1239:9781405145701
1235:
1231:
1224:
1218:
1217:0-19-861112-9
1214:
1208:
1202:
1201:2-87772-237-6
1198:
1192:
1177:
1175:9781904434078
1171:
1167:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1110:
1107:James, Alan.
1103:
1095:
1093:9780199609086
1089:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1065:9781900289771
1061:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1024:
1017:
1014:James, Alan.
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
965:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
938:
935:
932:
928:
925:
924:
916:
912:
908:
905:
904:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
879:
875:
871:
868:
867:
858:
854:
850:
847:
845:"strong fort"
844:
840:
837:
835:
831:
828:
825:
821:
818:
815:
811:
808:
805:
801:
797:
794:
792:
788:
784:
781:
780:
779:
777:
776:
771:
767:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
733:
732:Monmouthshire
729:
726:
723:
719:
715:
712:
710:("sea fort").
709:
705:
701:
698:
697:
691:
689:
685:
682:as Brittonic
681:
677:
670:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
649:
645:
642:
641:
640:
638:
634:
627:
623:
620:
617:
613:
609:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:Londesborough
591:
588:
586:
582:
579:
577:
573:
570:
567:
563:
559:
556:
553:
549:
545:
542:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
520:
517:
513:
509:
505:
502:
501:
500:
498:
494:
490:
477:
473:
469:
466:
464:
460:
457:
455:
451:
448:
446:
442:
439:
436:
434:
430:
427:
424:
420:
419:Stirlingshire
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
378:
376:
372:
369:
367:
363:
360:
357:
353:
352:Dumfriesshire
349:
346:
344:
340:
337:
335:
331:
328:
327:
326:
324:
320:
316:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
258:DĂșn Laoghaire
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
234:
232:
222:
220:
216:
212:
207:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
189:DĂșn ChaochĂĄin
186:
185:DĂșn ChiortĂĄin
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
150:
148:
143:
141:
137:
133:
130:and Southern
129:
125:
120:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
80:
78:
74:
70:
62:
58:
54:
47:
43:
38:
32:
28:
23:
19:
3256:
3211:Siege engine
3179:Other topics
3103:Related word
3069:Defense line
3033:Tower castle
2988:Bastion fort
2972:Urban castle
2900:Ganerbenburg
2898:
2853:Water castle
2829:Ridge castle
2814:Marsh castle
2629:Bomb shelter
2609:Belgian gate
2582:20th century
2493:19th century
2431:Retrenchment
2403:Punji sticks
2312:Entrenchment
2307:Device Forts
2274:Counterguard
2209:Early modern
2139:Tower castle
2075:Powder tower
2050:Outer bailey
1962:Inner bailey
1936:Gulyay-gorod
1904:Ganerbenburg
1902:
1898:Fujian tulou
1840:Corner tower
1779:Chamber gate
1749:Bridge tower
1597:Trou de loup
1487:
1314:The Scotsman
1312:
1297:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1253:
1248:
1229:
1223:
1207:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1164:
1157:
1140:
1136:
1115:. Retrieved
1102:
1083:
1055:
1026:. Retrieved
1022:
930:
877:
852:
842:
833:
824:Ol(l)odƫnonm
823:
813:
799:
787:Augustodƫnon
786:
773:
769:
763:
749:Induno Olona
721:
718:Denbighshire
707:
687:
683:
680:etymologised
674:
668:
655:, Lancashire
636:
632:
630:
615:
611:
604:
600:
596:
584:
565:
561:
551:
547:
537:
533:
529:
515:
496:
492:
488:
486:
475:
470:, - Name in
463:East Lothian
454:West Lothian
445:Berwickshire
422:
396:
355:
314:
312:
230:
228:
208:
193:
178:
156:
144:
139:
123:
121:
116:
109:
98:
91:
86:
68:
66:
60:
42:DĂșn Aonghasa
18:
3110:Castle town
2967:Toll castle
2936:Lustschloss
2918:Kaiserpfalz
2848:Spur castle
2843:Rock castle
2784:Hill castle
2779:Cave castle
2739:Spider hole
2639:Bremer wall
2604:Barbed tape
2500:Barbed wire
2174:Witch tower
2144:Tower house
2134:Toll castle
2120:Shield wall
2040:Murder hole
1929:Guard tower
1546:Pincer gate
1493:Faussebraye
1117:11 November
931:DĂčn Ăideann
614:("fort") +
532:("fort") +
504:Din Guoaroy
476:Dun Eideann
387:Dunfermline
334:Lanarkshire
330:Drumpellier
204:Middle Ages
145:The Dacian
44:, a dun on
3279:Categories
3135:Gatekeeper
2955:Ordensburg
2927:Landesburg
2734:Sentry gun
2689:Flak tower
2619:Blast wall
2539:Gun turret
2436:Sally port
2341:Kotta mara
2281:Couvreface
2245:Breastwork
2240:Blockhouse
2218:Abwurfdach
2169:Watchtower
2159:Wall tower
2115:Shell keep
2065:Portcullis
2060:Peel tower
2045:Neck ditch
2004:Landesburg
1952:Half tower
1910:Gate tower
1855:Drawbridge
1697:Battlement
1613:Wagon fort
1456:Chengqiang
961:References
907:Noviodunum
895:Singidunum
878:Cambodunum
853:Eburodƫnon
816:"new fort"
814:Nouiodƫnon
700:Carmarthen
665:Uxelodunum
644:Cambodunum
576:Cumberland
526:Lancashire
516:din-gwarae
495:, Cumbric
397:din-y-faes
375:Nairnshire
3238:Guerrilla
2981:By design
2729:Revetment
2544:Land mine
2475:Star fort
2302:Crownwork
2297:Covertway
2230:Barricade
1871:Embrasure
1784:Chartaque
1714:Bergfried
1672:Arrowslit
1498:Gatehouse
1468:City gate
1429:Castellum
1395:Acropolis
1262:251847977
843:Uerodƫnon
800:Lugudƫnon
708:Moridunum
678:has been
659:Segedunum
653:Rigodunum
648:Yorkshire
618:("rock").
597:Lugudunum
468:Edinburgh
459:Tantallon
450:Duntarvie
423:din-y-bas
403:Dunimarle
379:Dunearn,
339:Dumbarton
303:Portadown
293:Dungarvan
288:Dungannon
273:Dundonald
248:Doneraile
229:The word
183:features
136:Brittonic
107:Old Welsh
83:Etymology
48:, Ireland
46:Inishmore
40:Walls of
3305:Toponymy
3263:Category
3253:See also
3140:Loophole
3028:Ringwork
3023:Ringfort
2948:Obstacle
2789:Hillfort
2709:Loophole
2507:Barbette
2482:Tenaille
2465:Sea fort
2395:Presidio
2355:Magazine
2336:Hornwork
2269:Cavalier
2264:Casemate
2257:Caponier
2100:Ringwork
1988:Detinets
1957:Hoarding
1862:Enceinte
1737:BretĂšche
1682:Bartizan
1677:Barbican
1653:Alcazaba
1581:Stockade
1561:Ringfort
1541:Palisade
1513:Landwehr
1508:Hillfort
1305:Archived
1292:, p. 153
1284:, 2002,
1181:29 March
1028:28 March
944:See also
791:Augustus
789:fort of
669:ucheldin
626:Cornwall
622:Tintagel
564:, Welsh
522:Dinckley
512:Bamburgh
433:Ayrshire
415:Dunipace
393:Duniface
356:din-pres
348:Dumfries
309:Scotland
298:Dunmurry
225:Toponymy
219:Scotland
165:and the
132:Scotland
112:(whence
73:hillfort
61:DĂșn MĂĄsc
57:Dunamase
3170:Vedette
3160:Schloss
3125:Festung
3120:Dungeon
3115:ChĂąteau
3059:Castles
2867:By role
2724:Pillbox
2554:Outpost
2470:Station
2458:Schanze
2441:Sandbag
2426:Redoubt
2410:Ravelin
2378:Palanka
2362:Orillon
2348:Lunette
2290:Coupure
2235:Bastion
2225:Arsenal
2193:Zwinger
2105:Roundel
2095:Ricetto
2070:Postern
2055:Outwork
1979:Kremlin
1850:Curtain
1825:Citadel
1809:Chemise
1769:Caltrop
1687:Bastion
1660:AlcĂĄzar
1556:Rampart
1534:Oppidum
1527:Nuraghe
1473:Crannog
1447:Castros
1383:Ancient
955:Dun cow
927:Dunedin
915:Romania
911:Dobruja
901:Romania
890:Dunonia
874:Bavaria
870:Kempten
864:Germany
806:' fort"
754:Verduno
728:Tintern
722:dinbych
720:â from
714:Denbigh
601:*lá»:co-
558:Dinedor
483:England
371:Dunearn
323:Pictish
319:Cumbric
268:Dundalk
243:Donegal
237:Ireland
171:Ireland
153:Details
103:cognate
3165:Trench
3155:Picket
2566:Sangar
2519:Bunker
2451:Sconce
2371:Ostrog
2319:FlĂšche
2202:Modern
2181:Yagura
2149:Turret
2085:Reduit
2023:Merlon
1967:Kasbah
1945:Gusuku
1922:Glacis
1915:Gabion
1884:church
1791:Chashi
1774:Castle
1618:Laager
1606:Vallum
1563:(Rath)
1438:Castra
1420:Burgus
1390:Abatis
1338:
1328:
1288:
1260:
1236:
1215:
1199:
1172:
1090:
1062:
839:Verdun
810:Nevers
770:*DĆ«no-
676:London
633:-dunum
585:Dunelm
581:Durham
566:dinbre
552:dinbre
544:Dinder
429:Dunlop
411:, Fife
409:Dunino
405:, Fife
389:, Fife
362:Dundee
211:brochs
3206:Siege
3150:Palas
3094:Walls
3084:Forts
3047:Lists
2894:Fence
2836:Rocca
2704:Kabal
2419:Redan
2326:Gorge
2250:Canal
2127:Shiro
2090:Ribat
2080:Qalat
1892:Dzong
1888:house
1588:Sudis
1520:Limes
1478:Ditch
1411:Broch
1402:Agger
1266:CelÈi
1112:(PDF)
1019:(PDF)
859:fort"
834:DĆ«non
820:Olten
804:Lugus
783:Autun
738:Italy
694:Wales
684:*lin-
637:*duno
562:Dunre
548:Dinre
366:Angus
196:Celts
117:dinas
114:Welsh
105:with
89:Irish
31:Lewis
3216:list
2634:Buoy
2188:Yett
2030:Moat
1997:Ksar
1972:Keep
1764:Caer
1754:Burh
1730:Boom
1723:Berm
1702:Bawn
1667:Amba
1503:Gord
1336:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1258:OCLC
1234:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1183:2021
1170:ISBN
1119:2023
1088:ISBN
1060:ISBN
1030:2021
830:Thun
796:Lyon
775:town
764:The
744:Duno
688:dun-
616:maen
605:duno
538:-ley
534:coed
497:*din
441:Duns
381:Fife
321:and
253:Down
187:and
159:crag
147:dava
124:Dun-
1488:Dun
1145:doi
857:yew
768:is
612:din
530:din
493:dyn
489:din
474:is
315:dun
231:dun
217:of
140:din
110:din
99:dĂčn
94:or
92:dĂșn
69:dun
29:on
3281::
3255::
1890:,
1886:,
1311:,
1280:,
1141:96
1139:.
1127:^
1074:^
1038:^
1021:.
968:^
913:,
876:â
872:,
851:â
841:â
832:â
822:â
812:â
798:â
785:-
730:,
716:,
706:â
702:,
686:+
646:,
639:.
624:,
603:+
599:,
583:-
574:,
540:).
524:,
506:,
461:,
452:,
443:,
431:,
417:,
373:,
364:,
350:,
341:,
332:,
325:.
206:.
191:.
79:.
67:A
1992:)
1984:(
1894:)
1621:)
1615:(
1368:e
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1354:v
1242:.
1185:.
1151:.
1147::
1121:.
1096:.
1068:.
1032:.
855:"
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478:.
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