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3 were modernized by May 1974, and a contract for modernizing Lines 4, 5, and 6 was awarded in June 1974. However, from
November 1974 to March 1977, only one of the six Canadian Industries Limited (CIL) lines was operated because plant operations ceased before the other five became operational (IT Corp 1994; USATHAMA 1978).
207:
In
February 1969, as VAAP began to upgrade facilities, the batch processing lines began to decrease (Report 123, 1978; Army 2003a). From July 1971 to 1975, six new CIL continuous process lines were built in an area where four old batch process lines were previously razed (Army 2003a). Lines 1, 2, and
199:
Additionally, upon reactivation, the Army decreased the number of acres in the original CFI lease area and took over the operation of some of the acid production equipment to increase nitric acid production and sulfuric acid concentration capacity. Therefore, in 1966, CFI constructed a new acid plant
187:
In 1961, the government leased the "CFI Lease Area," an area along the western border of VAAP, to CFI (Bonds 1985). Previously the area had been used for nitric and sulfuric acid production (Army 2003a). In 1962, CFI used the existing acid facilities and built an ammonia plant on the 824-acre lease
255:
CFI produced commercial ammonium nitrate at the CFI Lease Area until 1982. From 1982 to 1985 the CFI Lease Area was inactive, and the CFI facilities were ultimately dismantled for salvage between 1985 and 1986 (IT Corp 1994). The Army acid facilities in the southern area were dismantled during the
267:
On
September 5, 1995, approximately $ 5 million was awarded to ICIA to reactivate and modify one of the TNT lines at VAAP for production of commercial TNT. The contract was awarded under the Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support Act of 1992, and the work was to be complete by July 31, 1996
306:
An additional 2,800 acres (11 km) of land on the east side of the park was opened to the public as the
Enterprise South Nature Park. The park opened to the public in December 2010. The park is for passive uses, including bicycling and walking. The land where the nature park is located was
322:. The newly completed yard was dedicated on April 6, 2011. Work included "the biggest rail overhaul in and around the Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant since the tracks were laid during World War II." Direct switching activities for the site is handled by the
156:, and operated by the Atlas Chemical Industries of Wilmington Delaware until 1957. Approximately 283 million lbs of TNT were produced for the Korean War (IT Corp 1994). During this period the first Army studies were undertaken to examine methods of
246:
By
January 1975, all batch process lines stopped and, in 1977, TNT production at VAAP ceased altogether and the plant was placed on inactive status (Army 2003a). A total of 1,765 million lbs of TNT were produced for the Vietnam War (IT Corp 1994).
184:, Incorporated ). In September 1965 a new contract with Atlas was entered into with the Army (SI 1994). On January 6, 1972, Atlas merged into ICI America Incorporated (ICIA), and is currently called ICI Americas, Inc. (Army 2003a; USATHAMA 1978).
176:(IT Corp 1994). From March 1957 to December 1964 the plant was under the protective surveillance of Atlas Chemical Industries; and in December 1964 until September 1965 protective surveillance was passed onto
344:"Site Information - business,site selection,chattanooga,tn,tennessee,jobs,gis,chamber of commerce,economic development,area information,businesses,chattanooga jobs,The Chattanooga Area Chamber of Commerce"
264:
During the 1990s, VAAP operated the burning ground to treat materials contaminated with TNT or TNT waste materials generated while VAAP was operational (EPA 2003a; IT Corp 1994, Public
Comment 2004b)
188:
area to produce ammonium nitrate fertilizer, urea, and related products (Army 2003a). In 1963 a urea plant was put into operation, thereby doubling CFI's production capacity (IT Corp 1994).
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and a connector road into the park. In July 2008, Volkswagen announced plans to locate an assembly plant in the park. The plant began operations in April 2011.
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In the 1990s, portions of the site began to be opened up to civilian purposes. Hickory Valley Road was constructed through the facility, connecting
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172:(Army 2003a; IT Corp 1994). Between the Korean and Vietnam Wars there was considerable residential development north of VAAP and adjacent to the
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1950s and 1960s. The northern acid facilities were dismantled by approximately 1997 (Army 2003a, IT Corp 1995, Public
Comment 2004b).
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facilities operated until August 1945. Approximately 823 million pounds of TNT were produced for WWII at VAAP (IT Corp 1994).
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In 1965, VAAP was reactivated and ten TNT batch process lines were used to produce TNT for the
Vietnam War (IT Corp 1994).
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consists of 6,000 acres (24 km). Originally the site of the
Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant and operated by the
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would again serve the site following the completion of a $ 6.6 million project to provide dual rail service to the
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executed a lease on the old administration buildings at VAAP, renovating the facilities for their central office.
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From
January 1946 to the spring of 1952, VAAP was officially on standby status and operated and maintained by the
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plant was constructed at the CFI Lease Area and an industrial waste water system was built to treat and recycle
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originally used for storing explosives manufactured at the VAAP, and most of the storage bunkers still remain.
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plant, and operated the existing acid plant in the lease area for the Army (Bonds 1985; Army 2003a).
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but VAAP was put on standby status before pollution strategies could be implemented (IT Corp 1994).
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of Wilmington Delaware as the operating contractor. Sixteen TNT batch process lines and associated
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268:(DOD 1995). This work was never completed and the ICIA contract expired on December 31, 1998.
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417:"From Deseret News archives: Volkswagen building Tennessee assembly plant during hard times"
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Smoke & Cinders, Quarterly Publication of TVRM, Vol. 52, No. 2, 2nd Qtr, 2013, Page 1 (
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became the new contracting operator, however, the project remained and remains inactive.
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Additional efforts to restore the site for industrial used were made. In 2006 the
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431:"Chattanooga Volkswagen plant up and running, making fuel-efficient Passat model"
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VAAP was on standby status from 1957 until 1965 when it was reactivated for the
41:
The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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In June 1970, the Army began to build the New Acid Area. The area included a
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built the original facilities to supply ammunition for Allied Forces during
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481:"$ 6.6 Million Project Set To Complete Dual Rail Service For Volkswagen"
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401:. The Times Free Press, Dave Flessner, July 19, 2008. Archived from
554:
Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, TN
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399:"Chattanooga: Making connections for Volkswagen plant site"
16:
Industrial complex in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States
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manufacturing facility from 1942 to 1977 and supported a
101:
The Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant (VAAP) operated as a
369:"Public Health Assessments & Health Consultations"
89:, a large portion of the property is now home to the
483:. Chattanoogan.com. October 14, 2010. Archived from
1159:Buildings and structures in Chattanooga, Tennessee
807:Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
1164:Historic American Engineering Record in Tennessee
1169:Industrial buildings and structures in Tennessee
1150:
125:. Initial operation began in July 1942 with the
1179:Closed installations of the United States Army
717:Chattanooga School for the Arts & Sciences
891:Reflection Riding Arboretum and Nature Center
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470:Hamilton County Parks and Recreation Employee
276:Redevelopment and conversion to civilian uses
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299:(TDOT) constructed an interchange on nearby
235:) (IT Corp 1994; USATHAMA 1978). In 1972, a
582:
568:
433:. Knoxville News, May 25, 2011, Ed Marcum.
375:. ASTDR. September 7, 2004. Archived from
310:On October 14, 2010 it was announced that
243:wastewater (IT Corp 1994; USATHAMA 1978).
776:Market Street Warehouse Historic District
505:
65:Learn how and when to remove this message
929:Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Auditorium
446:""The Hidden Jewel" of Enterprise South"
727:First Baptist Church Education Building
109:production facility from 1962 to 1982.
1151:
297:Tennessee Department of Transportation
1199:Industrial parks in the United States
701:Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant
563:
499:
361:
320:Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant
152:VAAP was reactivated in 1952 for the
119:United States Army Corps of Engineers
91:Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant
1108:Chattanooga, Tennessee sports venues
550:Historic American Engineering Record
448:. WTVC NewsChannel 9. Archived from
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1189:Military installations in Tennessee
871:Cherokee Arboretum at Audubon Acres
473:
13:
1091:Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church
444:Calvin Sneed (September 7, 2004).
437:
14:
1210:
1184:History of Chattanooga, Tennessee
743:Chattanooga State Office Building
543:
178:Farmers Chemical Association Inc.
1031:Lookout Mountain Incline Railway
843:Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum
681:Enterprise South Industrial Park
324:Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum
270:Tecumseh Professional Associates
79:Enterprise South Industrial Park
23:
522:
1008:Seamour and Gerte Shavin House
975:Saints Peter and Paul Basilica
950:Asbury United Methodist Church
866:Chattanooga Zoo at Warner Park
766:Ferger Place Historic District
510:. Chattanooga Times Free Press
464:
423:
409:
391:
336:
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1194:Military history of Tennessee
990:Wiley United Methodist Church
970:Northside Presbyterian Church
833:Hunter Museum of American Art
802:Chattanooga National Cemetery
722:Clarence T. Jones Observatory
419:. Deseret News, Nov 27, 2008.
329:
93:as well as other industries.
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163:
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144:(USATHAMA 1978; Army 2003).
112:
7:
1066:Belt Railway of Chattanooga
985:St. Paul's Episcopal Church
881:Cloudland Canyon State Park
838:International Towing Museum
771:Fort Wood Historic District
659:Chattanooga Choo-Choo Hotel
506:Mike Pare (April 7, 2011).
231:(SAR) Facilities (used for
10:
1215:
980:Second Presbyterian Church
786:St. Elmo Historic District
229:Sulfuric Acid Regeneration
96:
87:U.S. Department of Defense
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1081:Miller's Department Store
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960:First Presbyterian Church
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828:Creative Discovery Museum
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643:Wilkes T. Thrasher Bridge
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221:Ammonia Oxidation Process
1174:Ammunition manufacturers
1036:Raccoon Mountain Caverns
748:Solomon Federal Building
633:Veterans Memorial Bridge
508:"VW dedicates rail yard"
373:PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT
316:Norfolk Southern Railway
259:
250:
906:Tennessee River Blueway
552:(HAER) No. TN-8, "
290:Hamilton County Schools
180:(subsequently known as
127:Hercules Powder Company
591:Chattanooga, Tennessee
83:Chattanooga, Tennessee
676:Eastgate Towne Center
556:", 53 data pages
379:on September 12, 2012
103:TNT (trinitrotoluene)
955:First Baptist Church
861:Bonny Oaks Arboretum
696:The Read House Hotel
638:Walnut Street Bridge
618:Market Street Bridge
225:Nitric Acid Facility
213:Direct Strong Nitric
1131: /
965:Mizpah Congregation
911:Tennessee Riverwalk
686:Hamilton Place Mall
487:on October 18, 2010
1026:Lake Winnepesaukah
896:Tennessee Aquarium
664:Chattanooga Market
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405:on July 24, 2011.
158:pollution control
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736:Governmental
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606:Bridges/dams
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512:. Retrieved
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489:. Retrieved
485:the original
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450:the original
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1138: /
1096:Union Depot
1019:attractions
999:Residential
710:Educational
670:Delta Queen
170:Vietnam War
1153:Categories
1106:See also:
1046:Ruby Falls
920:Performing
652:Commercial
354:2008-12-27
330:References
154:Korean War
142:government
107:fertilizer
47:footnoting
1041:Rock City
943:Religious
852:Parks and
795:Monuments
759:districts
628:Tenbridge
534:1083-1606
192:1965-1977
164:1957-1965
148:1952-1957
113:1942-1952
1017:Tourist
1001:(former)
854:wildlife
757:Historic
43:citation
1126:85°08′W
1123:35°05′N
821:Museums
599:Current
514:June 3,
491:June 3,
456:June 3,
383:June 3,
202:ammonia
97:History
1076:Citico
1059:Former
532:
288:. The
286:SR 317
227:, and
223:(AOP)
215:(DSN)
131:nitric
284:with
282:SR 58
260:1990s
251:1980s
219:, an
922:arts
530:ISSN
516:2011
493:2011
458:2011
385:2011
314:and
133:and
117:The
77:The
45:and
312:CSX
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