Exorcism in Christianity

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quickly that the Devil and demons are not accorded the powers often ascribed to them in popular piety. The Devil is indeed a threat, as Peter made clear when he warned: 'Be sober-minded; be watchful. Your adversary the devil prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour.' The New Testament is also clear that very real cases of demonic possession were encountered by Jesus and his followers. Jesus liberated afflicted individuals as he commanded the demons to flee, and they obeyed him. Likewise, the Apostle Paul performed exorcisms as he confronted the powers of evil and darkness in his ministry. A closer look at the crucial passages involved reveals no rite of exorcism, however, just the name of Jesus and the proclamation of the Gospel. Likewise, there is no notion of a priestly ministry of ordained exorcists in the New Testament.

1843: 1857: 1053: 1799: 1828: 1813: 1751:. Deliverance differs from the exorcism ceremony in that the Devil may have gotten a foothold into a person's life rather than gaining complete control. If complete control has been gained, a full-fledged exorcism is necessary. However, a "spirit-filled Christian" cannot be possessed, based on their beliefs. Within this belief structure, the reasons for the devil to get a foothold are usually explained to be some sort of deviation from theological doctrine or because of pre-conversion activities (like dealing with the 1784: 1885: 57: 689: 1871: 1929: 1915: 1380:, who claimed to have performed 160,000 exorcisms, said exorcists have the ability to detect an evil presence. However, he notes that "they are not always right: their 'feelings' must be checked out." In his examples, they are able to detect the events that caused the demon to enter, or are able to discover the evil object that has cursed the individual. He notes that exorcists "are always 1573:

unusual injuries of the body and of those nearby, extraordinary motion of bodies (e.g., an elderly man who, being demon-possessed, was able to run as fast as a horse), and forgetfulness of things done. Other symptoms include the corruption of reason in man, which make him like an animal, melancholy, the acceleration of death (Mark 9:18 ), and the presence of other supernatural occurrences.

1467:, or the "evil eye", in which malevolent thoughts or intentions (namely jealously and envy) can cause harm and destruction to their recipients. Although the church rejects the power of the evil eye, which it traces to pagan superstition, it recognizes the phenomenon as being morally and spiritually problematic, such that it is a legitimate target for exorcism. 1495:, Lutheranism affirms that the individual, both the believer and the non-believer, can be plagued by demons, based on several arguments, including the one that "just as a believer, whom Jesus Christ has delivered from sin (Romans 6:18), can still be bound by sin in his life, so he can still be bound by a demon in his life." 1772:

financial gain. Researchers Nicole M. Bauer and J. Andrew Doole argue that by incorporating "medical-psychiatric expertise in the process of diagnosis", exorcists give legitimacy to demonic possession in modern society and present it as "a valid medical healing practice, superior even to medical solutions".

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found nothing wrong with the performance of exorcism by laypeople, as long as they did not usurp the clerical rite, which included some prayers only a priest could pronounce. Every Christian, Nider reminded his readers, had the power to command demons and drive them out in the name of Christ, but lay

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and jeering at one's neighbor, deformation of movements (e.g. ferocious movements, facial contortion, immodest laughing, gnashing of teeth, spitting, removing clothes, lacerating self, Mk. 9:20; Lk. 8:27.), inhuman revelry (e.g. when they take food beyond the capability of nature), torment of bodies,

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are still in use, for common as well as particular cases of need. In the Latin church the rite of exorcism is now very rarely used, and then only with episcopal permission. The exorcism prayers continue the ancient association of sickness and blight with demonic activity, and the blessings of beasts

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Supernatural strength (Mark 5:2-3), far beyond what they previously had or should have considering their sex and size. Much caution in judging demon possession is required. All of the circumstances and symptoms must be taken into consideration. Insanity should not be confused with possession. On the

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In general, satanic possession is nothing other than an action of the devil by which, from God's permission, men are urged to sin, and he occupies their bodies, in order that they might lose eternal salvation. Thus bodily possession is an action by which the devil, from divine permission, possesses

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is allowed as an option. The act of exorcism is considered to be an incredibly dangerous spiritual task. The ritual assumes that possessed persons retain their free will, though the demon may hold control over their physical body, and involves prayers, blessings, and invocations with the use of the

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in the same place; following these actions, there was no longer any problem in the house. In another situation, The Reverend Jay Bartlett writes that a young lady who was involved with "drug abuse, self mutilation, severe abuse, mental torment, Satanism, occult activity, communion with demons, and

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in order to perform an exorcism. The Methodist Church holds that it is of great importance to ensure that the presence and love of Christ is assured to the individual(s) seeking help. In addition, the ministry of the "Bible, prayer and sacraments" should be extended to these individuals as well. A

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acknowledges three differing views about exorcism: either that it involves "the casting out of an objective power of evil which has gained possession of a person"; "exorcism is a necessary or at least an effective psychological means of reassuring those who believe themselves to be possessed"; or

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Critics of exorcism contend that so-called 'possession' is often, in fact, undiagnosed mental or physical illness and the performance of an exorcism in such cases exacerbates the condition and can even be considered abuse. There have also been cases where exorcists have abused their position for

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It includes singing praise and victory songs, reading from the Scripture, prayer and confronting the spirit in the name of Jesus. Dialogue with the spirit is another important part of the exorcism ceremony. It helps the counselor (exorcist) to know how the spirit was operating in the life of the

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he whole Church, past, present and future, has the task of an exorcist to banish sin, evil, injustice, spiritual death, the devil from the life of humanity ... Both healing and exorcising are ministered through prayers, which spring from faith in God and from love for man ... All the prayers of

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as being indicators of possible demonic possession include: speaking foreign or ancient languages of which the possessed has no prior knowledge; supernatural abilities and strength; knowledge of hidden or remote things which the possessed has no way of knowing; an aversion to anything holy; and

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believe in the existence, malevolence, and power of the Devil and demons. About these things, the New Testament is abundantly clear. We must resist any effort to 'demythologize' the New Testament in order to deny the existence of these evil forces and beings. At the same time, we must recognize

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study, 74% of Christians in Ethiopia claim to have experienced or witnessed an exorcism. Demon-possessed persons are brought to a church or prayer meeting. Often, when an ill person has not responded to modern medical treatment, the affliction is attributed to demons. Unusual or especially

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who teaches sound doctrine, is of a blameless life, who does nothing for the sake of filthy lucre, but does everything from the soul. The pastor is then to diligently inquire what kind of life the possessed one led up to this point and lead him or her through the law to the recognition of his

1326:. Unlike a sacrament, exorcism's "integrity and efficacy do not depend ... on the rigid use of an unchanging formula or on the ordered sequence of prescribed actions. Its efficacy depends on two elements: authorization from valid and licit Church authorities, and the faith of the exorcist." 1191:

in the country was equipped with a team trained in both exorcism and psychiatry. According to its representatives, most cases brought before it have conventional explanations, and actual exorcisms are quite rare; blessings, though, are sometimes given to people with psychological conditions.

20: 1005:, who did not believe in spirits. But Reed Carlson argues that belief in demon possession has roots in earlier Israelite literature. Israelites believed that possession was "a corporate and cultivated practice that can function as social commentary and as a means to model the moral self". 1523:

both pious and impious men in such a way that he inhabits their bodies not only according to activity, but also according to essence, and torments them, either for the punishment or for the discipline and testing of men, and for the glory of divine justice, mercy, power, and wisdom.

1653:"since demons do not exist ... exorcism would be inappropriate, since what is to be dealt with is false belief." According to the first viewpoint, "the authority to exorcise has been given to the Church as one of the ways in which Christ's Ministry is continued in the world." A 1227:

discusses provision for exorcism, stating that cases are to be referred to the diocesan bishop for consultation. There is no specific rite, nor an office of "exorcist". Diocesan exorcists usually continue in their role when they have retired from all other church duties. The

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The exorcism is not always successful, and Geleta notes another instance in which the usual methods were unsuccessful, and the demons apparently left the subject at a later time. In any event, "in all cases the spirit is commanded in no other name than the name of Jesus."

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community, "brings people under bondage to Satan." On 30 July to 1 August 1987, the "Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminaries, Mennonite Board of Missions (MC) and the Indiana-Michigan Mennonite Conference (MC) sponsored a consultation on 'Bondage and Deliverance'."

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Mennonites of the Lancaster Conference "seem to think that it's black magic and related to the devil and just don't think it's very good." Dean Hochstetler, an Indiana Mennonite minister and exorcist raised in an Amish community, agreed with this sentiment, saying,

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Let ardent prayers be poured forth to God, not only by the ministers of the Church, but also by the whole Church. Let these prayers be conditioned, if the liberation should happen for God's glory and the salvation of the possessed person, for this is an evil of the

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After these determinations have been made, the Church recommends experienced physicians to determine whether there is a medical explanation for the behaviour of the individual. When a true possession is recognized, the poor one is to be committed to the care of a

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usually take this into account, making sure that there is no violence to the possessed, only that they be tied down if there is potential for violence. However, some believe possession is a voluntary act, where individuals permit demons to subjugate them.

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article on Jesus states that Jesus, "was devoted especially to casting out demons," and also believed that he passed this on to his followers; however, "his superiority to his followers was shown by his casting out demons which they had failed to expel."

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The Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminaries, Mennonite Board of Missions (MC), Oaklawn Psychiatric Center (all in Elkhart, Ind.), and the Indiana-Michigan Mennonite Conference (MC) sponsored a consultation on "Bondage and Deliverance," July 30-Aug. 1,

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The knowledge of languages one has never learned. Just as the devil can bind one's tongue (Luke 11:14), it is reported from the early church as well as the time of the Reformation that certain demon-possessed people could speak languages they had never

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priest or higher prelate, with the express permission of the local bishop, and only after a careful medical examination of the victim to exclude the possibility of mental illness, and in the ritual people cannot in any circumstance be harmed. The

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from 1 Corinthians 12 that allows a person to "sense" in some way an evil presence. While the initial diagnosis is usually uncontested by the congregation, when many people are endowed with this gift in a single congregation, results may vary.

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for their actions, because possession is considered to be manipulation of an unwilling victim by a demon resulting in harm to self or others. Accordingly, practitioners regard exorcism as more of a cure than a punishment. The mainstream

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be once required of Him, let him be taught concerning the works of the devil destroyed by Christ, let him be sent back faithfully to this Destroyer of Satan, Jesus Christ, let an exhortation be set up to faith in Christ, to prayers, to

3398: 3362: 1586:. After this admonition or consolation has taken place, the works of a natural physician are to be used, who will cleanse the possessed one from malicious fluids with the appropriate medicines. The Pastoral Handbook then states: 1442:. The Eastern Orthodox Church lacks a special organization of exorcists akin to the Catholic International Association of Exorcists; rather, all priests are trained and equipped to perform exorcisms. This is due in part to the 1268:

As a result of this theology, Baptists see the weapons of "warfare are spiritual, and the powers that the forces of darkness most fear are the name of Jesus, the authority of the Bible, and the power of his Gospel."

1421:, and other maladies are widely associated with satanic influence, which can influence or infest even objects. As a result, exorcisms are quite common, even finding their way in rituals involving the blessing of 1000:

believes demon possessions were more common in the New Testament so that Jesus could prove his authority over demons to audiences. He also believes God allowed these possessions to correct the 'error' of the

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The knowledge of secret things, for example, being able to predict the future (Acts 16:16), find lost people or things, or know complex things that one has never learned (e.g., medicine). It is said that

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perverse deeds, particularly when performed in public, are symptomatic of a demoniac. Superhuman strength – such as breaking one's bindings, as described in the New Testament accounts – along with

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Compare: Mohr, M. D., & Royal, K. D. (2012). "Investigating the Practice of Christian Exorcism and the Methods Used to Cast out Demons", Journal of Christian Ministry, 4, p. 21. Available at:

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Israelite belief in demons derived from their semi-nomadic ancestors, who believed demons could be warded off with sacrificial blood. This belief was subsequently preserved in holidays such as

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exorcists should be extremely careful not to use unknown characters and charms, and should be aware that the only mode to adjure demons is the imperative and never the supplicative.

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from the woman's home, she contacted a Methodist minister, who exorcised the evil spirits from a room, which was believed to be the source of distress in the house, and celebrated

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ought not to be confounded with religion, however much their history may be interwoven, nor magic, however white it may be, with a legitimate religious rite." Signs listed in the

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The weapons of our warfare are spiritual, and the powers that the forces of darkness most fear are the name of Jesus, the authority of the Bible, and the power of his Gospel.

1340:. In the modern era, Catholic bishops rarely authorize exorcisms, approaching would-be cases with the presumption that mental or physical illness is the more probable cause. 1758:

The traditional method for determining if a person needs deliverance is done by having someone present who has the gift of discerning of spirits. This is a gift of the

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often ask a spirit for help and that this spirit gives them certain powers. In that case, the evil spirit is assisting, not necessarily possessing the person bodily.

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In the Orthodox rites of Baptism, this liberating action of Christ is expressed in the denial of Satan by the catechumens and in the exorcisms of the priest.

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healing and exorcism, composed by the Fathers of the Church and in use since the third century, begin with the solemn declaration: In Thy Name, O Lord.

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for protection. Tertullian referenced the case of a woman who was touched on the neck by a fallen angel "who found her to be a temptation".

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are observed in the afflicted. Amsalu Geleta, in a modern case study, relates elements that are common to Ethiopian Christian exorcisms:

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colleges and seminaries include training for the ministry of exorcism. The Mennonite minister and exorcist Dean Hochstetler states that

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St. Cyril of Jerusalem writes: "Receive the exorcisms with devotion...Divine exorcisms, borrowed from the Scripture, purify the soul."

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St. Cyril of Jerusalem writes: "Receive the exorcisms with devotion...Divine exorcisms, borrowed from the Scripture, purify the soul."

2099:"Jesus and Legion: A socio-political perspective on demon possession and exorcism in Mark 5:1-20 and in African Pentecostal Churches" 2364: 1665:

For example, in one particular situation, a Roman Catholic woman believed that her house was haunted, and therefore consulted her

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has a rich and complex tradition of exorcism, tracing the practice back to Christ and his apostles. Orthodox Christians believe

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In Ethiopia, 74% of Christians say they have experienced or witnessed the devil or evil spirits being driven out of a person

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Archbishop Iakovos, Exorcism and Exorcists in the Greek Orthodox Tradition, Sage Chapel, Cornell University, March 10, 1974.

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was incorporated into the majority of the Lutheran service-books and implemented. According to a Pastoral Handbook of the

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continued the practice with the power and in the name of Jesus (Matthew 10:1; Acts 19:11–16). Contrary to some

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wrote, "Receive the exorcisms with devotion...Divine exorcisms, borrowed from the Scripture, purify the soul."

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The Catholic Church revised the Rite of Exorcism in January 1999, though the traditional Rite of Exorcism in

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A fresh look at a remarkable document: Exorcism: The report of a commission convened by the Bishop of Exeter

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with special powers or skills. The exorcist may use prayers and religious material, such as set formulas,

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Amorth G. (1990) An Exorcist Tells His Story. tns. MacKenzie N. Ignatius Press: San Francisco. pp157-160

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Christian exorcism is founded on the belief that Jesus commanded his followers to expel evil spirits in

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Receive the exorcisms with devotion...Divine exorcisms, borrowed from the Scripture, purify the soul.

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demoniac. The signs and events mentioned by the spirit are affirmed by the victim after deliverance.

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abbreviated the Roman ritual used for exorcism. In 1526, the ritual was further abbreviated and the

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abbreviated the Roman ritual used for exorcism. In 1526, the ritual was further abbreviated and the

1876: 1790: 1706:, priests intervene and perform exorcisms on behalf of those believed to be afflicted by demons or 1649: 1173: 670: 617: 3326: 2309: 2305: 1991:. " results indicate that virtually every exorcist in the sample casts out demons in Jesus' name." 1203:. An exorcism is not usually performed unless the bishop and his team of specialists (including a 1111:, since every Christian has the power to command demons and drive them out in the name of Christ. 56: 1654: 1578: 1406: 1073: 1041: 968: 680: 637: 412: 261: 23: 2523: 2302: 2298: 2149: 1981: 3161:

The Mennonite encyclopedia: a comprehensive reference work on the Anabaptist-Mennonite movement

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written in 1395 asserts that the exorcisms and hallowings carried out by priests are a sort of

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Believe Not Every Spirit: Possession, Mysticism, & Discernment in Early Modern Catholicism

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continued the practice with the power and in the name of Jesus (Matthew 10:1; Acts 19:11–16).

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became a term prominent in early Christianity from the early 2nd century onward (cf. Justin,

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holds that every Christian performs an exorcism through their struggle against sin and evil:

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Powwowing Among the Pennsylvania Dutch: A Traditional Medical Practice in the Modern World

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and fields in the Orthodox service books to this day make a regular pairing of the ideas.

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religious order that trains exorcists and deliverance ministers in the Episcopal Church.

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in his left hand, the symbol of the exorcists, in the May celebrations in his honor at

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to aid with the exorcism. Christian exorcists most commonly cast out demons in Jesus'

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Though officially discouraged by the church, many lay Orthodox Christians believe in

1435: 1180: 1078: 905: 894: 657: 627: 607: 540: 490: 418: 235: 94: 84: 3033:"Exorcism in the Orthodox Church - Theology - Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America" 2871:"Exorcism in the Orthodox Church - Theology - Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America" 3549: 3475: 2175: 1540: 1410: 1169: 1115: 757: 642: 535: 286: 158: 89: 3464:"The (Re)Invention of Biblical Exorcism in Contemporary Roman Catholic Discourses" 2986:

Orthodox Spirituality: An Outline of the Orthodox Ascetical and Mystical Tradition

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Orthodox Spirituality: An Outline of the Orthodox Ascetical and Mystical Tradition

2671:"New Anglo-Catholic Dominican Religious Community Founded in The Episcopal Church" 2389:

Orthodox Spirituality: An Outline of the Orthodox Ascetical and Mystical Tradition

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expelled demons with a simple command (Mark 1:23–26; 9:14–29; Luke 11:14–26). The

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was incorporated into the majority of the Lutheran service-books and implemented.

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expelled demons with a simple command (Mark 1:23–26; 9:14–29; Luke 11:14–26). The

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Hostage to the Devil: The Possession and Exorcism of Five Contemporary Americans

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other hand, possession may be taking place even where these symptoms are absent.

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is the devil's primary means of corrupting humanity and rebelling against God.

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Unfamiliar Selves in the Hebrew Bible: Possession and Other Spirit Phenomena

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says that there is only one apparent case of this demonic possession in the

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Case Study: Demonization and the Practice of Exorcism in Ethiopian Churches

3215: 3060: 2731:. Harper San Francisco. Appendix one "The Roman Ritual of Exorcism" p.459 2608:

Anglican Theological Review; London Vol. 83, Iss. 1, (Winter 2001): 65-88.

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Hostage to the Devil: the possession and exorcism of five living Americans

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Poloma M. (1982) The Charismatic Movement: is there a new Pentecost? p60

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Poloma M. (1982) The Charismatic Movement: is there a new Pentecost? p97

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The Church lists the secondary symptoms of horrible shouting (Mark 5:5),

1430: 1119: 1083: 912:'s control. Likewise, the Torah criticizes the superstitious belief that 510: 470: 455: 341: 281: 225: 29: 1687: 1348: 1097: 1037: 1029: 890: 450: 3336:". Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization, Nairobi, August 2000. 3143: 1628: 1614: 1565: 1370: 1366: 1208: 1104: 1036:. Tertullian taught that the lust of the Watchers was the reason for 1002: 882: 793: 612: 475: 445: 2926:

In the Orthodox service books the prayers of exorcism attributed to

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other evils" was exorcised at Mt. Olive Free Methodist Church in

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may not perform an exorcism without permission from the Diocesan

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possessed demonic powers so they could kill their husbands (e.g.

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The concepts of demonic possession and exorcism are found in the

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set up an exorcism commission, which published its report 1973.

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In the Orthodox Church exorcism is practiced prior to baptism.

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http://journalofchristianministry.org/article/view/10287/7073

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combination of these things has been proven to be effective.

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traces the practice of exorcism to the Scriptural claim that

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traces the practice of exorcism to the Scriptural claim that

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liturgy in Eastern Orthodoxy containing an exorcism ritual.

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does one thing well, brings people under bondage to Satan."

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American Exorcism: Expelling Demons in the Land of Plenty

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American Exorcism: Expelling Demons in the Land of Plenty

2749:"THE ROMAN RITUAL Translated by PHILIP T. WELLER, S.T.D." 1527:

These pastoral manuals warn that often, symptoms such as

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Diocese of Worcester webpages on Ministry of Deliverance

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for assistance. Since he was not available to drive the

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Practice of casting out one or more demons from a person

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A History of Prayer: The First to the Fifteenth Century

908:" them as nameless, destructive forces that were under 869:

16:14), but it relies on a reading of the Hebrew word "

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Demonic possession and exorcism in early modern France

2224:"Tzaraʿat Purification: A Vestige of Demonic Exorcism" 1126:("On the exorcism of the people possessed by Satan"). 2887: 2003:

In the Name of Jesus: Exorcism among Early Christians

873:" as "evil spirit", an interpretation doubted by the 3259:

Ford, Christopher; Ford, Nataley (31 January 2010).

3234:. Westminster Methodist Central Hall. Archived from 1910: 963:says Jesus points to this ability as a sign of his 3509:Let My People Go: A Mennonite Theology of Exorcism 2385: 2195: 3462:Bauer, Nicole M.; Doole, J. Andrew (2022-08-09). 2386:d'Orient, Moine de l'Eglise; Gillet, Lev (1978). 740:involves the practice of casting out one or more 3576: 2712:"On Exorcism and Exorcists: An Evangelical View" 2697:"On Exorcism and Exorcists: An Evangelical View" 2331:. Lutheran Church Missouri Synod. Archived from 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 1153: 2427:The Origin and Persistence of Evil in Galatians 1028:in 11:10, according to the early Church Father 566:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3211:. Preston: Methodist Conference. 25 June 1976. 3158:Dyck, Cornelius J.; Martin, Dennis D. (1990). 3151: 2901:The Westminster handbook to patristic theology 2420: 2418: 2108:– via University of Pretoria Repository. 2028:The Westminster handbook to patristic theology 1100:and are incompatible with Christian theology. 3277: 2938: 2314: 1686:, the Word of God (the sword of the Spirit), 744:from a person whom they are believed to have 713: 3520: 3059:. Kaohsiung Lutheran Mission. Archived from 2947:Pocket Dictionary of New Religious Movements 2826: 2824: 1994: 928:, whose previous husbands died due to sin). 3118: 2688: 2415: 2202:Ministry: International Journal for Pastors 1347:of the Church, can be exercised only by an 3546: 3461: 3423:"The devilish church practice of exorcism" 3157: 2449: 2353:JewishEncyclopedia.com - JESUS OF NAZARETH 2244: 2172: 2146: 1040:'s directive to Christian women to wear a 900:David Bar-Cohn states that authors of the 720: 706: 55: 3479: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 2830: 2821: 2627: 2625: 2454:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 52. 2000: 1434:, contain prayers of exorcism, namely by 3285:"Ten things we have learnt about Africa" 3258: 3252: 2267: 2221: 2065:76.6;85.2) as the casting out of devils. 1282: 1051: 18: 3447:"Priest 'made £3m from fake exorcisms'" 3124: 2424: 2121: 2001:Twelftree, Graham H. (1 October 2007). 1690:, the sacred symbols of the cross, the 815:, especially gaining prominence in the 3577: 3308: 2709: 2694: 2622: 2569: 2524:"De exorcizzandis obsessiis a daemoni" 2425:Stewart, Tyler A. (25 February 2022). 2365:"Matthew 4 Matthew Poole's Commentary" 1958:International Association of Exorcists 1337:Of Exorcisms and Certain Supplications 1094:The Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards 2865: 2863: 2861: 2631: 2549:. Christian Classics Ethereal Library 2096: 2080:. San Francisco, Harpercollins p.462 1697: 1682:over a period of seven nights, with " 1249:Southern Baptist Theological Seminary 1215:Episcopal Church in the United States 1124:De exorcizzandis obsessiis a daemonio 885:to the driving off of a demon in the 865:being tormented by an "evil spirit" ( 3559:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3417: 3261:Demons, Deliverance and Dissociation 2618:Anglican Church of Canada - Archives 2270:"The Origins of the Biblical Pesach" 2268:Garroway, Kristen Henriksen (2015). 2185:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 2159:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 2117: 2115: 1387: 1163: 1122:contained the Latin exorcism titled 3506:Lawrence Edward Burkholder (1999), 2833:"The Secrets Of Orthodox Exorcists" 2710:Mohler, Albert (15 November 2010). 2695:Mohler, Albert (15 November 2010). 1605:by friends of the possessed person. 1343:Solemn exorcisms, according to the 1092:opposed the practice of exorcisms. 881:ties exorcism methods mentioned in 561:Members Church of God International 13: 3499: 3401:. Doubleday: New York. pp.118-119 3365:. Doubleday: New York. pp.111-128 3226: 2858: 2450:Hammerling, Roy (2 October 2008). 1704:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 1428:All liturgical books, such as the 1187:". As part of its creation, every 945:Miracles of Jesus § Exorcisms 14: 3601: 3547:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 3540: 3523:Exorcisms in the Methodist Church 3521:Jay Bartlett (12 February 2010), 3164:. Mennonite Brethren Pub. House. 3129:. Penn State Press. p. 204. 2392:. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. 2173:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 2147:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 2112: 1863:Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac 1734: 1635:, a practice done by some in the 1610:confession of the Christian faith 883:extra-canonical Jewish literature 824:people considered to be possessed 760:, or an individual thought to be 2057:, "i adjure" (cf. Matt. 26:63), 1927: 1913: 1897:, in a depiction on a fresco by 1883: 1869: 1855: 1841: 1826: 1811: 1797: 1782: 1026:First Epistle to the Corinthians 967:, and that he has empowered his 938: 897:20:27 were possessed by demons. 843: 687: 3570:Exorcism in the Orthodox Church 3455: 3440: 3411: 3391: 3375: 3355: 3339: 3057:"Can a Christian Have a Demon?" 3025: 3016: 2849: 2766: 2741: 2721: 2714:. Southern Baptist Convention. 2703: 2663: 2650: 2611: 2596: 2516: 2443: 2379: 2357: 2346: 2284: 2261: 2238: 2215: 2097:Mwani, Joseph Tepillah (2020). 2005:. Baker Academic. p. 129. 1279:Exorcism in the Catholic Church 1013: 2831:Milosevic, Sasa (2011-08-17). 2699:. Southern Baptist Convention. 2189: 2140: 2090: 2070: 1974: 1963:Minor exorcism in Christianity 1805:The Canaanite woman's daughter 1510:was omitted. This form of the 1470: 1272: 1158: 1146:was omitted. This form of the 1129: 1103:In the 15th century, Catholic 1047: 976:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod 571:The New Church (Swedenborgian) 516:Nondenominational Christianity 1: 3590:Christian worship and liturgy 2247:"Qatlanit: The "Killer-Wife"" 2150:"Demoniacal Possession" 1968: 1622: 1599:be joined, see Matthew 17:21. 1247:, the ninth president of the 1154:Current beliefs and practices 780:. The exorcist often invokes 2991:St Vladimir's Seminary Press 2796:St Vladimir's Seminary Press 2429:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 51. 1766: 1643: 1512:Lutheran Ritual for Exorcism 1148:Lutheran Ritual for Exorcism 748:. The person performing the 576:Unitarians and Universalists 7: 2906:Westminster John Knox Press 2658:Book of Occasional Services 2632:Batty, David (2001-05-02). 2482:University of Chicago Press 2245:Goodfriend, Elaine (2024). 2033:Westminster John Knox Press 1906: 1849:Christ exorcising at sunset 1239: 1230:Order of Christ the Saviour 1225:Book of Occasional Services 893:like the ones mentioned in 756:, is often a member of the 10: 3606: 3125:Kriebel, David W. (2007). 2634:"Exorcism: abuse or cure?" 2198:"Old Testament demonology" 1775: 1276: 1008: 942: 830:in themselves, nor wholly 811:and were practiced by the 3481:10.1163/15743012-bja10030 3325:Geleta, Amsalu Tadesse. " 3263:. Lulu.com. p. 154. 2855:Matt.10:8; Luke 10:17-20. 2576:. Routledge. p. 38. 3585:Exorcism in Christianity 2222:Bar-Cohn, David (2023). 2196:Ángel Manuel Rodríguez, 2053:Exorcism From the Greek 1791:boy possessed by a demon 1650:British Methodist Church 904:believed in demons but " 25:Christ Exorcising a Mute 3515:, Conrad Grebel College 2656:"Concerning Exorcism", 1712:. According to a 2010 1657:must first consult the 1407:Eastern Orthodox Church 1107:were both clerical and 1068:performing an exorcism. 2675:Episcopal News Service 2570:Ferber, Sarah (2004). 2371:. 2024. Archived from 2122:Carlson, Reed (2022). 2106:University of Pretoria 1835:Synagogue in Capernaum 1728: 1620: 1579:minister of the Church 1525: 1500:Protestant Reformation 1459: 1403: 1399:St. Cyril of Jerusalem 1303: 1266: 1257:evangelical Christians 1136:Protestant Reformation 1069: 1019:St. Cyril of Jerusalem 33: 3556:Catholic Encyclopedia 3468:Religion and Theology 2182:Catholic Encyclopedia 2156:Catholic Encyclopedia 1723: 1595:With the prayers let 1588: 1520: 1454: 1391: 1354:Catholic Encyclopedia 1286: 1261: 1055: 956:Catholic Encyclopedia 879:Catholic Encyclopedia 875:Catholic Encyclopedia 851:Catholic Encyclopedia 22: 2660:, Church Publishing. 2063:Dialogue with Trypho 1943:Deliverance ministry 1893:exorcised demons in 1749:deliverance ceremony 1745:Charismatic Movement 1287:The statue of Saint 1211:) have approved it. 1185:deliverance ministry 1066:Saint Francis Borgia 826:are not regarded as 413:Independent Catholic 3421:(17 January 2008). 1921:Christianity portal 1714:Pew Research Center 1440:St. John Chrysostom 1436:St. Basil the Great 991:Jewish Encyclopedia 914:twice-widowed women 694:Christianity portal 551:Jehovah's Witnesses 231:History of theology 3332:2010-01-01 at the 3229:"Exorcism in 2006" 3107:. David Jay Webber 2952:InterVarsity Press 2638:Guardian Unlimited 2280:on April 14, 2024. 2257:on April 14, 2024. 2234:on April 14, 2024. 2076:Malachi M. (1976) 1987:2019-01-11 at the 1948:Demonic possession 1935:Catholicism portal 1741:Pentecostal Church 1698:Oriental Orthodoxy 1637:Pennsylvania Dutch 1356:(1908) enjoined: " 1304: 1070: 1058:Valencia Cathedral 920:refusing to marry 433:Church of the East 297:Early Christianity 34: 2727:Martin M. (1976) 2491:978-0-226-76282-1 2461:978-90-04-17122-0 2436:978-3-16-159873-9 2399:978-0-913836-51-4 2375:on March 3, 2024. 2204:, 1998 (7:6): 5–7 2042:978-0-664-22396-0 2012:978-1-4412-0599-5 1877:Exorcising a mute 1820:Gerasenes demonic 1450:Orthodox theology 1388:Eastern Orthodoxy 1181:Church of England 1164:Church of England 1079:Vade retro satana 1032:, referenced the 730: 729: 583: 582: 556:Latter Day Saints 541:Iglesia ni Cristo 506:United Protestant 491:Plymouth Brethren 426:Oriental Orthodox 3597: 3560: 3552: 3550:"Exorcism" 3535: 3516: 3514: 3494: 3493: 3483: 3459: 3453: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3415: 3409: 3397:Cuneo M. (2001) 3395: 3389: 3379: 3373: 3361:Cuneo M. (2001) 3359: 3353: 3343: 3337: 3323: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3298: 3293:. April 15, 2010 3281: 3275: 3274: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3240: 3233: 3227:Turner, Martin. 3224: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3202: 3187: 3186: 3180: 3178: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3112: 3101: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3043: 3029: 3023: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3007: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2968: 2954:. January 2002. 2942: 2936: 2935: 2923: 2922: 2908:. January 2004. 2896: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2881: 2867: 2856: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2843: 2828: 2819: 2818: 2813: 2812: 2786: 2780: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2760: 2745: 2739: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2692: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2682: 2667: 2661: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2644: 2629: 2620: 2615: 2609: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2590: 2567: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2554: 2543: 2528: 2527: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2499: 2498: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2422: 2413: 2412: 2407: 2406: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2361: 2355: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2340: 2325: 2312: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2276:. Archived from 2265: 2259: 2258: 2253:. Archived from 2242: 2236: 2235: 2230:. Archived from 2219: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2178: 2176:"Exorcism" 2170: 2161: 2160: 2152: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2119: 2110: 2109: 2103: 2094: 2088: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2050: 2049: 2023: 2017: 2016: 1998: 1992: 1978: 1937: 1932: 1931: 1923: 1918: 1917: 1887: 1873: 1859: 1845: 1830: 1815: 1801: 1786: 1541:demon possession 1411:demonic activity 1401: 1310:, exorcism is a 1221:Episcopal Church 1170:Bishop of Exeter 1082:was used in the 1056:Painting in the 971:to do the same. 813:early Christians 758:Christian Church 722: 715: 708: 691: 536:Christadelphians 466:Free Evangelical 419:Eastern Orthodox 376: 375: 327:East–West Schism 59: 36: 35: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3575: 3574: 3543: 3533: 3512: 3502: 3500:Further reading 3497: 3460: 3456: 3445: 3441: 3431: 3429: 3427:The Independent 3416: 3412: 3396: 3392: 3380: 3376: 3360: 3356: 3344: 3340: 3334:Wayback Machine 3324: 3309: 3296: 3294: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3271: 3257: 3253: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3231: 3225: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3203: 3190: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3156: 3152: 3137: 3123: 3119: 3110: 3108: 3103: 3102: 3075: 3066: 3064: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3041: 3039: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2929:Basil the Great 2920: 2918: 2916: 2898: 2897: 2888: 2879: 2877: 2869: 2868: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2841: 2839: 2829: 2822: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2771: 2767: 2758: 2756: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2726: 2722: 2708: 2704: 2693: 2689: 2680: 2678: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2655: 2651: 2642: 2640: 2630: 2623: 2616: 2612: 2601: 2597: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2568: 2561: 2552: 2550: 2545: 2544: 2531: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2508:Heinrich Kramer 2496: 2494: 2492: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2462: 2448: 2444: 2437: 2423: 2416: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2384: 2380: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2351: 2347: 2338: 2336: 2327: 2326: 2315: 2289: 2285: 2266: 2262: 2243: 2239: 2220: 2216: 2207: 2205: 2194: 2190: 2171: 2164: 2145: 2141: 2134: 2120: 2113: 2101: 2095: 2091: 2075: 2071: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2013: 1999: 1995: 1989:Wayback Machine 1979: 1975: 1971: 1933: 1926: 1919: 1912: 1909: 1902: 1888: 1879: 1874: 1865: 1860: 1851: 1846: 1837: 1831: 1822: 1816: 1807: 1802: 1793: 1787: 1778: 1769: 1737: 1700: 1692:blood of Christ 1646: 1625: 1550:fortune-tellers 1516:Lutheran Church 1477:Lutheran Church 1473: 1402: 1397: 1390: 1378:Gabriele Amorth 1289:Philip of Agira 1281: 1275: 1242: 1217: 1174:Robert Mortimer 1166: 1161: 1156: 1132: 1118:promulgated by 1050: 1016: 1011: 947: 941: 906:de-mythologized 846: 726: 663: 662: 633:Other religions 593: 585: 584: 373: 372: 352: 351: 272: 271: 251: 250: 184: 174: 173: 134: 133: 115: 114: 80: 79: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3603: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3561: 3542: 3541:External links 3539: 3538: 3537: 3531: 3518: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3454: 3439: 3410: 3390: 3374: 3354: 3338: 3307: 3276: 3269: 3251: 3214: 3188: 3170: 3150: 3135: 3117: 3073: 3048: 3037:www.goarch.org 3024: 3015: 2999: 2976: 2960: 2937: 2914: 2886: 2875:www.goarch.org 2857: 2848: 2820: 2804: 2781: 2765: 2751:Archived from 2740: 2720: 2702: 2687: 2662: 2649: 2621: 2610: 2602:Malia, Linda: 2595: 2582: 2559: 2529: 2515: 2504:Johannes Nider 2490: 2467: 2460: 2442: 2435: 2414: 2398: 2378: 2356: 2345: 2313: 2283: 2260: 2237: 2214: 2188: 2162: 2139: 2132: 2126:. De Gruyter. 2111: 2089: 2069: 2041: 2018: 2011: 1993: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1924: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1889: 1882: 1880: 1875: 1868: 1866: 1861: 1854: 1852: 1847: 1840: 1838: 1832: 1825: 1823: 1817: 1810: 1808: 1803: 1796: 1794: 1788: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1768: 1765: 1736: 1735:Pentecostalism 1733: 1699: 1696: 1675:Holy Communion 1659:District Chair 1645: 1642: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1618: 1606: 1600: 1593: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1472: 1469: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1277:Main article: 1274: 1271: 1255:, among other 1251:, states that 1241: 1238: 1216: 1213: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1131: 1128: 1062:Francisco Goya 1049: 1046: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 940: 937: 887:Book of Tobias 845: 842: 796:, and various 752:, known as an 728: 727: 725: 724: 717: 710: 702: 699: 698: 697: 696: 684: 683: 678: 673: 665: 664: 661: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 594: 592:Related topics 591: 590: 587: 586: 581: 580: 579: 578: 573: 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Francis 1886: 1881: 1878: 1872: 1867: 1864: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1844: 1839: 1836: 1829: 1824: 1821: 1814: 1809: 1806: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1785: 1780: 1779: 1773: 1764: 1761: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684:anointing oil 1681: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1580: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1504:Martin Luther 1501: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1489:denominations 1486: 1482: 1478: 1468: 1466: 1465: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1426: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1400: 1394: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1339: 1338: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1245:Albert Mohler 1237: 1235: 1231: 1226: 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