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were mobilized to provide disaster relief and health care assistance to a number of foreign countries. Technical assistance, under the federal "Point IV" and Mutual
Security Agency programs, provided needed help to many underdeveloped countries. The Agency also furnished guidance for foreign representatives sent to this country to study American programs and methods in the fields of health and education. Later in the year, FSA accelerated its response to the Nation's social needs.
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Health, Education, and
Welfare. All of the responsibilities of the Federal Security Administrator would be transferred to the Secretary of Health, Education, end Welfare and the components of FSA would be transferred to the department. A major objective of the reorganization was to improve administration of the functions of the Federal Security Agency. The plan was approved April 1, 1953, and became effective on April 11, 1953.
537:, headed by a Commissioner of Social Security. The plan transferred the Children's Bureau (created in 1912), exclusive of its Industrial Division, from the Department of Labor to FSA, where it became part of the Social Security Administration (SSA); the US Employees Compensation Commission, formerly an independent organization, to the Office of the Administrator of FSA; functions of the Department of Commerce regarding
727:
Unlike statutes authorizing the creation of other executive departments, the contents of
Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 were never properly codified within the United States Code, although Congress did codify a later statute ratifying the Plan. Today, the Plan is included as an appendix to Title 5
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In
September 1950, Congress authorized the impacted aid program-to relieve the impact on local school facilities of a heavy influx of federal civilian and military personnel-and in FY 1951 appropriated $ 96.5 million for school construction under P.L. 81-815, September 23, 1950, and $ 23 million for
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and the
Employees Compensation Appeals Board. Then, the FSA abolished the Office of Special Services that had administered the two transferred units plus the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation (OVR) and the Food and Drug Administration. The effect of this action was to elevate OVR and FDA to agency
422:
was enacted on June 30, 1906. These responsibilities were entrusted to the Bureau of
Chemistry in the Department of Agriculture in 1907 and were organized into a Food, Drug and Insecticide Administration in 1927, renamed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1931. Transferred to FSA in 1940, FDA
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1952. The year 1952 was a period of transition for FSA. Despite the contributions made by the Agency during and before the Korean War, most of the defense-related activities in FSA were being phased out. The FDA continued to study chemical and bacteriological warfare agents but other FSA components
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During 1949, the
Federal Security Agency began the establishment of 10 FSA regional offices to replace the 11 previously operated by the SSA and consolidated those being operated by other FSA constituents into one common regional office structure. Previous to the consolidation, constituent agencies
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World War II had a broad impact on the social programs of FSA. Between 1941 and 1947, the
Government recognized the need to maintain essential health and welfare services. The Federal Security Administrator also served as coordinator of the Office of Health, Welfare, and related Defense Activities,
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Amendments of 1943 expanded functions relating to vocational rehabilitation and assigned them to the
Federal Security Administrator, who established the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation on September 4, 1943, to carry out these functions. Since the original Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920,
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These components, however, are traceable to the early days of the
Republic. On July 16, 1798, President John Adams signed an act creating the Marine Hospital Service to furnish treatment to sick and disabled American merchant seamen. On April 29, 1878, the first Federal Quarantine Act enlarged the
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In 1950, two important national conferences required months of staff work by FSA personnel. The Mid-century White House Conference on Children and Youth was held in Washington, D.C., in December 1950. Nearly 6,000 representatives of 100,000 local and community groups throughout the country met to
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to provide employment for American youth and advance conservation of the Nation's natural resources. It operated from April 5, 1933, until June 30, 1942. During that time, the CCC provided work training to 3 million men and advanced conservation by more than 25 years. It was an independent agency
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and land was set aside for public schools by the Congress of the Confederation in 1785, the idea of universal, free public schools did not become firmly established until the Civil War era. Even then, only half of the States had an efficient public school system. In 1867, Congress established the
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Consequently, in accordance with the Reorganization Act of 1949, President Eisenhower submitted to the Congress on March 12, 1953, Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953, which called for the dissolution of the Federal Security Agency and elevation of the agency to Cabinet status as the Department of
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1947. In 1947, the Administrator directed the establishment of a central library, consolidating the resources of three independent libraries at the SSA, the Office of Education, and the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation. This library eventually became the central library of the Department of
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1951. In May 1951, a citizens committee, the National Mid-century Committee for Children and Youth, was established to provide national follow-up to the problems discussed at the White House Conference. Staff of the Children's Bureau worked closely with the committee until it was dissolved in
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in September 1941, which provided health care, education, and related services necessitated by the war effort. It was responsible for adjusting the distribution of remaining professional personnel to meet the requirements of the population. In 1943, the Office's title was again changed to the
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The Social Security Act Amendments of 1950 added to the social security rolls about 10 million persons who previously had been ineligible. These persons included agricultural workers and selfemployed small shop owners. Others who benefitted from the changes were the elderly and those who had
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By 1953, the Federal Security Agency's programs in health, education, and social security had grown to such importance that its annual budget exceeded the combined budgets of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, Labor and Interior and affected the lives of millions of
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Department of Education to promote the cause of education and collect and disseminate facts and statistics about education. Until it was transferred to the FSA, the Office of Education and its predecessor organization had been part of the Department of the Interior.
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By 1948, the retail price of food had risen 114 percent over the 1935-39 base, yet the monthly benefits under Social Security had not changed since the 1939 amendments had established a base level. On October 1, 1948, increases in Social Security benefits were
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discuss the "spiritual values, democractic practice, and the dignity and worth of the individual." In August of that year, a Conference on Aging was called by the FSA Administrator to study the needs and problems of the older segment of the population.
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Service's responsibilities to include prevention of epidemics from abroad. On August 14, 1912, the name was changed to the Public Health Service (PHS). On May 26, 1930, the Hygienic Laboratory of the Service was redesignated the
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The new agency originally consisted of the following major components: (1) Office of the Administrator, (2) Public Health Service (PHS), (3) Office of Education, (4) Civilian Conservation Corps, and (5) Social Security Board.
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certain vocational rehabilitation and vocational education activities had been a responsibility of the Office of Education, first when it was part of the Department of Interior, then after it became part of FSA in 1939.
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and since 1879 has received an allocation of federal funds to help support this activity. Federal responsibility regarding the Printing House was transferred to FSA from the Treasury Department on July 1,
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later trained young people for jobs in war industries. It was supervised by the Office of the Administrator from the time FSA was created in 1939 until 1942, when it was transferred to the War Manpower
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of the United States Code. The result is that HHS is the only executive department whose statutory foundation today rests on a confusing combination of several codified and uncodified statutes.
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of 1949 gave the Federal Security Administrator authority to dispose of surplus federal propel property to tax-supported or nonprofit educational institutions for health or educational purposes.
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job-related disabilities. This expansion of beneficiaries was made possible by revisions to the old age and survivors insurance and long-term disability insurance sections of the original Act.
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Saint Elizabeths Hospital, created by Act of Congress in 1852 as the Government Hospital for the Insane, received its first patients on January 15, 1855. Founder of Saint Elizabeth's was
292:, P.L. 76–19. The objective was to bring together in one agency all federal programs in the fields of health, education, and social security. The first Federal Security Administrator was
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revised and expanded basic provisions of the program and eligibility requirements and extended protection to aged wives, dependent children and certain survivors of insured workers.
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When the war ended, President Truman moved to "strengthen the arm of the federal government for better integration of services in the fields of health, education, and welfare."
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The Public Health Service was in charge of protecting both the general population and military personnel against epidemics and carrying out medical research. DHHS history
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issued "Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1939" on April 25, 1939. The reorganization plan was designed to reduce the number of agencies reporting directly to the president.
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Title 5 - Government Organization and Employees. 5 U.S.C. 901. Enacted June 20, 1949. Transmitted to the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives, March 12, 1953.
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promulgated "Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953." The Federal Security Agency was abolished and most of its functions were transferred to the newly formed
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The FDA during the war was charged with maintaining food standards to insure delivery of properly tested foods and drugs to the military establishment.
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authorized the President of the United States to devise a plan to reorganize the executive branch of government. Pursuant to the Act, President
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Compilation of the Social Security Laws. Vol. I: Including the Social Security Act, as Amended, and Related Enactments Through January 1, 2005.
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446:, the most prominent humanitarian of the era. The name was changed by Act of Congress in 1916. Freedmen's Hospital was an outgrowth of the
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Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1946, effective July 16, 1946, abolished the three-member Social Security Board, creating in its place, the
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Under a Reorganization Plan that became effective on June 30, 1940, the organization of the Federal Security Agency (FSA) was enlarged:
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to administer Titles I, II, III, IV, and X of the Act. It remained an independent organization until its transfer to FSA. The
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The Nation's social security and public assistance programs also were born during the Depression with approval of the
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Miller often served as Acting Administrator while McNutt served as both FSA Administrator and Chair of the
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were maintaining five and, in some cases, six independent regional offices in a single city.
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The reorganization plan created the Federal Security Agency. Included in the FSA were the
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Archives of the National Academies. National Academy of Sciences. Accessed Jan. 22, 2007.
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Archives of the National Academies. National Academy of Sciences. Accessed Jan. 22, 2007.
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3rd ed. Committee on Ways and Means. U.S. House of Representatives. July 18, 2005.
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Transmitted to the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives, March 12, 1953.
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enacted the "Reorganization Act of 1949" (5 U.S.C. 901). Subsequently, President
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On May 24, 1950, Reorganization Plan No. 19 of 1950 transferred from FSA to the
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Series 4: "War Research Service. Committees on Biological Warfare, 1941-1948."
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Series 4: "War Research Service. Committees on Biological Warfare, 1941-1948."
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Even though the first steps toward public education were taken in 1647 by the
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The Federal Security Agency (FSA) was established on July 1, 1939, under the
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Organized in 1855 and incorporated by the Kentucky Legislature in 1858, the
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Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953. Title 5: Appendix: Reorganization Plans.
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Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953. Title 5: Appendix: Reorganization Plans.
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Other key pieces of legislation passed in 1948 included bills creating the
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Legislation of major importance to the Agency also was passed in 1946: the
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established by the Act of February 16, 1857. The name was changed to
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Oral History Interviews. Truman Presidential Library. May 1, 1969;
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Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1939. Social Security Administration.
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Oral History Interviews. Truman Presidential Library. May 1, 1969.
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school operating expenses under P.L. 81-874, September 30, 1950.
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Established in 1935 to provide youth with work training, the
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on August 14, 1935. The initial Act of 1935 established the
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was made available in the District of Columbia through the
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United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
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United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare
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Also in 1948, legislation authorized the transfer of the
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was established to produce educational materials for the
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Culp, Betsey. "Whose Security? A Voice from the Past."
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Social Security Administration. Accessed Jan. 22, 2007.
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and a number of other agencies. Its first director was
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to the FSA Administrator, who delegated them to the
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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211:independent agency of the United States government
1488:Former United States Federal assistance programs
1483:Defunct agencies of the United States government
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1022:Paul V. McNutt: Portrait of a Hoosier Statesman.
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927:Paul V. McNutt: Portrait of a Hoosier Statesman,
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628:Federal Property and Administrative Services Act
980:Culp, "Whose Security? A Voice from the Past,"
499:Office of Defense, Health, and Welfare Services
454:. In 1871, the hospital was transferred to the
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448:Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees
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1048:"Oral History Interview with Oscar R. Ewing."
994:"Oral History Interview with Oscar R. Ewing."
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1024:Indianapolis: Central Publishing Co., 1966.
599:On June 30, 1948, the President signed the
423:also was responsible for administering the
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562:1946 Amendments to the Social Security Act
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1338:National Bituminous Coal Conservation Act
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1493:1939 establishments in Washington, D.C.
1478:Government agencies established in 1939
1237:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
1096:U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
506:, which was abolished on June 30, 1947.
194:Federal government of the United States
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962:from the original on February 14, 2014
346:Social Security Act Amendments of 1939
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612:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
590:National Institute of Dental Research
353:American Printing House for the Blind
258:United States Department of Education
256:, the Office of Education (later the
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1358:Rural Electrification Administration
1323:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
1013:"The Begats. Boards & Bureaus."
688:department of the federal government
566:Hospital Survey and Construction Act
309:(NIH). PHS was transferred from the
213:established in 1939 pursuant to the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1313:Works Progress Administration (WPA)
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914:Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1939.
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1272:Public Works Administration (PWA)
1242:Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act
1202:Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
1101:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
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474:Columbia Institution for the Deaf
410:were transferred to FSA from the
408:Columbia Institution for the Deaf
1297:Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
1262:National Recovery Administration
1252:National Industrial Recovery Act
648:Bureau of Employees Compensation
504:Office of Community War Services
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1368:United States Housing Authority
574:Health, Education, and Welfare.
385:(FDA) was transferred from the
34:needs additional citations for
16:United States government agency
1343:National Labor Relations Board
1333:Judicial Procedures Reform Act
1086:Social Security Administration
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535:Social Security Administration
402:Federal functions relating to
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272:, a secret program to develop
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1267:National Youth Administration
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594:National Institutes of Health
545:of the Public Health Service.
487:Vocational Rehabilitation Act
365:National Youth Administration
307:National Institutes of Health
262:National Youth Administration
1328:Farm Security Administration
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686:attempted to make the FSA a
558:Federal Employees Health Act
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437:Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
383:Food and Drug Administration
250:Food and Drug Administration
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1277:Public Works of Art Project
1197:Agricultural Adjustment Act
326:Civilian Conservation Corps
254:Civilian Conservation Corps
10:
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1318:Federal Project Number One
1227:Farm Credit Administration
1222:Homeowners Refinancing Act
1207:Civil Works Administration
732:List of FSA Administrators
550:National Mental Health Act
456:Department of the Interior
412:Department of the Interior
393:Saint Elizabeth's Hospital
328:(CCC) was born during the
290:Reorganization Act of 1939
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246:U.S. Public Health Service
231:Reorganization Act of 1939
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215:Reorganization Act of 1939
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1353:Rural Electrification Act
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586:National Heart Institute
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318:Massachusetts Bay Colony
162:April 11, 1953
1287:Railroad Retirement Act
1166:American Liberty League
1091:U.S. Dept. of Education
1056:Accessed Jan. 22, 2007.
895:War Manpower Commission
713:1953. FSA Becomes DHEW
523:Organizational Changes
493:Impact of World War II
203:Federal Security Agency
122:Federal Security Agency
699:United States Congress
420:Pure Food and Drug Act
221:old-age pension plan.
146:; 85 years ago
1389:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1282:Reciprocal Tariff Act
1187:Emergency Banking Act
897:from April 18, 1942.
780:Franklin D. Roosevelt
678:Replacement with DHEW
342:Social Security Board
333:until it came to FSA.
242:Social Security Board
235:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1409:Henry Morgenthau Jr.
1257:National Housing Act
1217:Executive Order 6102
881:Dwight D. Eisenhower
703:Dwight D. Eisenhower
608:Federal Credit Union
601:Water Pollution Bill
468:. Education for the
452:Act of March 3, 1865
270:War Research Service
43:improve this article
1042:San Francisco Call.
982:San Francisco Call,
644:Department of Labor
425:Tea Importation Act
397:Freedmen's Hospital
338:Social Security Act
313:to the FSA in 1939.
311:Treasury Department
123:
1247:Glass–Steagall Act
1212:Communications Act
1156:New Deal Coalition
1071:2013-01-21 at the
1044:February 22, 2005.
1020:Blake, I. George.
984:February 22, 2005.
936:2013-01-21 at the
820:September 14, 1945
770:September 14, 1945
450:authorized by the
433:Caustic Poison Act
278:biological weapons
174:Superseding agency
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1468:New Deal agencies
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1144:Causes and legacy
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610:program from the
478:Gallaudet College
462:Howard University
404:Howard University
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144:July 1, 1939
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
48:
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38:
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32:This article
30:
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1021:
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989:
981:
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964:. Retrieved
926:
921:
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892:
887:(1953–1961)
803:(1945–1953)
786:(1933–1945)
726:
696:
681:
525:
522:
497:renamed the
444:Dorothea Dix
431:(1923), the
427:(1897), the
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287:
239:
228:
206:
202:
200:
190:Jurisdiction
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1382:Individuals
1192:Economy Act
1161:Brain Trust
858:Oveta Hobby
835:Oscar Ewing
757:Paul McNutt
692:legislation
690:, but this
581:authorized.
373:Early years
368:Commission.
1462:Categories
1008:References
966:January 9,
748:President
682:President
564:; and the
166:1953-04-11
151:1939-07-01
69:newspapers
1414:Huey Long
1171:Criticism
519:Post-WWII
209:) was an
159:Dissolved
1442:Category
1180:New Deal
1137:New Deal
1069:Archived
960:Archived
934:Archived
588:and the
480:in 1954.
406:and the
274:chemical
99:May 2024
1447:Commons
925:Blake,
717:people.
709:(HEW).
651:status.
614:to the
466:Negroes
439:(1938).
284:Origins
260:), the
225:History
164: (
149: (
83:scholar
1034:
929:1966;
742:Start
560:; the
556:; the
552:; the
252:, the
248:, the
244:, the
141:Formed
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1015:Time.
901:Notes
739:Name
669:1953.
639:1950
623:1949
577:1948
530:1946
399:, and
389:; and
360:1939.
357:blind
90:JSTOR
76:books
1032:ISBN
968:2014
745:End
646:the
626:The
485:The
470:deaf
381:The
324:The
276:and
229:The
201:The
62:news
1347:Act
616:SSA
207:FSA
45:by
1464::
945:^
395:,
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106:(
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87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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