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French. Heinrich managed to convince the French that he had participated against his will and so he was sent to France, physically branded a criminal, and served eight months on a prison ship and then hard labor in a prison quarry before eventually being released in early 1812 in anticipation of the impending war with Russia. He was the cousin of Carl and
Albrecht von Wedell who were among the eleven Schill officers executed at
504:
the eleven officers, Albrecht von Wedell, and appeals to the
Prussian King Frederick William III by the eleven asking to die by a Prussian firing squad instead of at the 'hands of the enemy' helped create a legend that would become part of the propaganda encouraging the German liberation movement of 1813 leading to Prussia's restoration of independence.
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where they were given a show trial and executed on 16 September. The young group became tragic heroes and martyrs, and their appearance brought out crowds in every German-speaking town and city they went through. A dramatic letter-writing campaign led by
Philippine von Griesheim, the fiancé of one of
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One other close comrade of Schill's escaped execution and became known as 'The
Twelfth'. Lieutenant Heinrich von Wedell had served with Schill as far back as the Siege of Kolberg. He was badly wounded at the battle of Dodendort and had to remain behind there. He was captured and interrogated by the
475:
and imprisoned (although all were subsequently pardoned). Some smaller parties of rebels including his two brothers escaped to Sweden, and ultimately
Austria and Britain, but the rest were either killed or taken. The French commander counted 570 prisoners, the majority of whom were then sent to the
313:", a small raiding party of cavalry and mounted infantry, operating behind enemy lines, and acquired some measure of fame and success. Many of Ferdinand von Schill's later biographers assumed that his father's example was an important influence on his subsequent career.
384:, was ripe for revolution. Schill planned to create an uprising in Westphalia that would topple the Bonaparte regime there, and – coupled with the efforts of Austria, Spain, and Britain – would bring about the fall of Napoleonic dominance in Germany.
418:, who feared that the revolt would drag a weakened and unprepared Prussia into another disastrous war against Napoleon. By the end of May, although he had left garrisons and raiding parties in various places, Schill's main force was trapped at
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of late April 1945), streets and plazas bear his name to this day. Over 400 biographies, novels, plays, operas, and collections of poetry have been published about him in German, and he is featured in over a dozen German films including
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On 31 May the
Napoleonic forces stormed Stralsund. Schill was killed in the street fighting as his defenses collapsed. Over a thousand of his rebels escaped to Prussia, overland or by ship, where the officers were tried by
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garrison and won a small victory. Schill had no difficulty defeating, or even recruiting, the unreliable
Westphalian troops sent against him, and his rebellion swelled to over 2,000 men.
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Eleven of Schill's officers were taken as a group to several different cities before their fate was sealed by
Napoleon's orders. Eventually they were taken to the fortress of
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By the 1830s Schill was widely considered a hero throughout
Germany. Monuments and historical markers to him or to his rebels have been erected in towns and cities:
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Leading out his regiment from Berlin under pretext of manoeuvres, he raised the standard of revolt, and, joined by many officers and a company of
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In 1809 the political situation in Europe appeared to Schill to favor an attempt to liberate
Germany from the French domination of
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John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton Acton; Adolphus William Ward; George Walter Prothero; Stanley Mordaunt Leathes, eds. (1907).
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at the age of twelve or fourteen (sources differ). His father, Johann-Georg Schill, had been an ambitious commoner from
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682:
639:
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269:, a battle which also saw Schill's own death in action. Outnumbered 3 to 1, Schill's Prussian forces succumbed to a
39:
634:
Clark, Christopher M. (2006). Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947. Harvard University Press.
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364:, the quasi-Masonic "League of Virtue" founded in June 1808, and including many notable Prussian reformers such as
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Another of Schill's officers, the Swede Friedrich-Gustave Peterson was executed by firing squad in Stralsund.
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Schill's body was decapitated. The corpse was dumped in an unmarked grave in Stralsund. The head was sent to
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until 1837, when German patriots obtained it for the dedication of a Schill monument in Brunswick.
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as a trophy, but he gave it to a Dutch surgeon who collected oddities, and it remained at the
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18/19th-century Prussian military officer; leader of a rebellion against Napoleonic France
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galleys. About 100 rebels who had been Westphalian deserters were separated and taken to
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Military units were named after him (most notably the last division fielded by the
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759:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 323–324.
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from many smaller German states, and ruled by Napoleon's youngest brother
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forces, which gradually drove him in a north-east direction toward the
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414:. His most serious difficulty was the condemnation of Prussia's king
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
625:(Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008), pgs. 109, 124–136, 132
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422:. He had between 1,500 and 2,000 men, against a force of 8,000
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819:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (military class)
402:He had less success, however, with the gathering
273:force supported by Dutch and Danish auxiliaries.
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348:regiment formed primarily from his Kolberg men.
316:Ferdinand von Schill was a second-lieutenant of
809:Prussian Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
480:, where 14 of them were ultimately executed.
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281:Schill was born at Wilmsdorf (now a part of
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814:Freikorps personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
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69:Learn how and when to remove this message
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32:This article includes a list of general
395:on 5 May 1809, he had a brush with the
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576:Infantry Division Ferdinand von Schill
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251:(6 January 1776 – 31 May 1809) was a
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439:Deutsches Historisches Museum Berlin
258:who revolted unsuccessfully against
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448:Ferdinand von Schill – Monument in
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262:domination of Prussia in May 1809.
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38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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727:The Long Ride of Major von Schill
710:Ferdinand von Schills Zug und Tod
677:. Vol. 9. University Press.
623:The Long Ride of Major von Schill
360:. He was an active member of the
309:. J.-G. von Schill had raised a "
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729:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2008)
324:. From that field he escaped to
265:Schill's rebellion ended at the
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751:Schill, Ferdinand Baptista von
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804:18th-century Prussian people
674:The Cambridge modern history
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366:Gerhard von Scharnhorst
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460:Further information:
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416:Frederick William III
374:Kingdom of Westphalia
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185:Years of service
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97:Ferdinand von Schill
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322:battle of Auerstadt
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779:1776 births
723:Sam Mustafa
537:Wilmersdorf
130:31 May 1809
51:introducing
773:Categories
597:References
561:Wittenberg
412:Baltic Sea
362:Tugendbund
271:Napoleonic
147:Allegiance
109:1776-01-06
34:references
602:Citations
568:Wehrmacht
529:Stralsund
478:Brunswick
473:cashiered
450:Stralsund
420:Stralsund
397:Magdeburg
393:Dodendorf
311:Freikorps
283:Bannewitz
137:Stralsund
117:Bannewitz
708:Barsch,
589:and his
378:Napoleon
318:dragoons
253:Prussian
203:Commands
165:Service/
744::
701:Haken,
696:Sources
642:. p.347
570:during
557:Geldern
549:Cottbus
541:Potsdam
326:Kolberg
303:Austria
299:Bohemia
295:cavalry
234:†
159:Prussia
47:improve
738:
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574:, the
559:, and
553:Anklam
519:Legacy
424:Danish
404:Danish
346:hussar
287:Saxony
260:French
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176:
167:branch
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121:Saxony
36:, but
545:Ohlau
525:Wesel
510:Wesel
501:Wesel
428:Dutch
408:Dutch
338:major
256:major
197:Major
679:ISBN
636:ISBN
426:and
406:and
368:and
277:Life
193:Rank
127:Died
103:Born
753:".
293:'s
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