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1235:(1834â1872), still generally considered to be one of the greatest of all works of Finnish literature. As in Europe and the United States, the popularity of the novel in Finland is connected to industrialisation, as are many of the first Finnish novels that deal with the life of the modern middle-class or the clash of the traditional peasants with developments such as the railway. Specifically, the theme of
1359:, 1945), partially an allegory of the Second World War but located in ancient Egypt, is his best known work. Despite containing nearly 800 pages, no other book has sold so fast in Finland and the shorter English version was atop many best-seller lists in the US. One possible reason for their international success is their focus on post-war disillusionment, a feeling shared by many at the time.
1549:) was dedicated as the national anthem as early as seventy years before Finnish independence. During the early 20th century, the Swedish-language modernism emerged in Finland as one of the most acclaimed literal movements in the history of the country. The best-known representative of the movement was
1165:('The Ancient Poems of the Finnish People'), a colossal collection consisting of 27,000 pages in 33 volumes. The prominence of folklore in nineteenth-century Finland made Finnish scholarship world-leading in that area at the time; thus for example the internationally used
1382:
were major influences and widely translated. Traditionally German and especially French literature have been very well known and sometimes emulated in
Finland. Paradoxically the great Russian tradition might have been less known, possibly because of a political aversion.
1200:. It is a common misconception that Lönnrot merely "collected" pre-existing poetry. It is now widely accepted that the Kalevala represents an amalgam of loosely connected source materials, freely altered by Lönnrot to present the appearance of a unified whole.
1146:, in the early nineteenth century, Finland saw a rise in education, and nationalism promoted public interest in folklore and resulted in increasing literary activity in the Finnish language. This was characterised by an explosion in the collection and study of
1150:
in
Finland, with a particular emphasis on Finnish-language material. Much of this material is widely thought to originate in the Middle Ages, and is often thought of in Finland as medieval literature, although this is a problematic claim. Much also came from
1428:(1944â1973) was the wild son of Finnish literature. During a period of less than a decade in the 1960s, Mukka sprang virtually from nowhere to produce nine novels written in a lyrical prose style. His two greatest masterpieces are the novel
1572:
forms. Jansson was, however, only one of several
Swedish-language writers for children whose work can be understood as part of a wave of innovative 1960sâ1970s Nordic-language children's writing; another leading Finnish exponent was
872:
in
Finland and resulted in an increase of literary activity in Finnish. Most of the significant works of the era, written in Swedish or increasingly in Finnish, revolved around achieving or maintaining a strong Finnish identity (see
1159:, founded in 1831. Hundreds of old folk poems, stories and their like have been collected since the 1820s into a collection which is among the largest in the world. Many of these have since been published as
1528:(1772â1847). He was considered an innovator in his youth, when adherence to classical French conventions was still very strong. He moved to Sweden in 1811, two years after the Russian annexation of Finland.
1512:(Viipuri in Finnish). Known for his baroque poetry often containing religious themes, he considered himself a refugee from Finland and emphasized his Vyborg and Finnish roots in different ways. His poem "
1027:, what is now Finland was a sparsely populated area characterised by pre-state societies. It was gradually absorbed into the emergent states of Sweden and, to a lesser extent, Russia. There is almost no
2437:
1588:, both noted for their often (semi)-autobiographical realist novels. The rise of Finnish-language fantasy and science fiction has been paralleled in Swedish, for example in the work of
1458:, noting that, "Finland had largely fallen off the trend of Nordic noir and crime writing, but that exclusion provided a new kind of branding opportunity: ambitious literary fiction".
2142:
1518:" (1715), part of which is dedicated to his hometown, has been called "the first work in which a Finn expressed his patriotism and love for his native country" since the Greek poem
1239:
concerns uneducated residents of the countryside and the struggle to survive under the new authority of the developing urban civilisation - a common theme in
Finnish novels.
1484:. Finnish writing has also become internationally noted for its fantasy and science fiction, having gained momentum in the late twentieth century, partly through a thriving
1155:, which also being a part of Russia contributed to the creation of Finnish literature. These folklore-collecting efforts were to a large extent co-ordinated by the
2089:
1449:
2643:
1073:
839:
1248:
2432:
1461:
By 2018, Finnish literary exports had more than tripled in size. Anglo
American markets have surpassed Germany as the leading source of export revenue.
780:
1322:(1954). In this and other cases the very strangeness of the Finnish environment and mentality have been major obstacles to international renown.
1293:
909:
1730:
1448:
in 2014, Finland was able to rebrand itself â internationally, too â as a literary country. "Obscurity became
Finland's calling card", writes
868:
After becoming a part of the
Russian Empire in the early nineteenth century the rise in education and nationalism promoted public interest in
2232:
2945:
518:
2149:
1508:(1690â1729) was a noted Swedish-language poet who was born in Finland and fled to Stockholm after the Russian occupation of his hometown
705:
1531:
Even after the establishment of
Finnish as the primary language of administration and education, Swedish remained important in Finland.
3127:
736:
1990:
2753:
1166:
3364:
425:
88:
1067:. The understanding of the medieval circulation of these non-Finnish writings in what is now Finland has been growing since the
853:
literature slowly developed from the sixteenth century onwards, after written
Finnish was established by the bishop and Finnish
3116:
60:
2861:
2802:
2118:
1105:, in Finnish. The first translation of the entire Bible was published in 1642. The first grammar of Finnish was published by
590:
242:
183:
637:
3065:
1524:
by Johan Lillienstedt. Another well-known Finnish poet who wrote in Swedish while the country was still part of Sweden was
773:
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67:
3003:
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41:
673:
549:
751:
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2026:
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107:
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literature from the Middle Ages or earlier; the earliest text in a Finnic language is the unique thirteenth-century
74:
1279:
511:
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766:
3390:
2766:
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1485:
467:
56:
45:
1418:
might initially have been a counterpart of the beat generation, but being well educated, he translated Homer,
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3322:
3157:
1190:
was therefore an important part of early Finnish identity. Beside the collection of lyric poems known as the
726:
600:
3018:
2746:
2444:
2218:
1308:(1888â1964). SillanpÀÀ was a strong leader of literature in the 1930s in Finland and was the first Finnish
1277:
At the end of the Grand Duchy of Finland, literature consisted largely of romance and drama, such as novel
1129:
987:(1944â1973) was the wild son of Finnish literature. Prominent writers of the twenty-first century include
595:
3434:
3181:
2866:
2703:
1962:"Pentti Saarikoski (1937-1983) - wrote also humorous columns under the name 'NenÀ' (the nose); see Gogol"
1318:
1068:
619:
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472:
247:
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1039:. The text was written in Cyrillic and represented a dialect of Finnic language spoken in the Russian
3203:
3075:
2940:
2913:
2819:
2708:
2626:
2385:
2367:
1504:
A strong Swedish-language literature emerged in Finland only in the nineteenth century. Before this,
1032:
819:
200:
1537:(1804â1877) was the most famous Swedish-speaking writer of the nineteenth century. The opening poem
693:
3337:
3137:
2908:
2568:
2464:
2342:
1333:
943:
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1525:
826:. The text was written in Cyrillic and represented a dialect of Finnic language spoken in Russian
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2158:
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1186:. Finland was then politically controlled by Russia and had previously been part of Sweden. The
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1113:. Another major step towards developing a written vernacular literature came with the work of
1095:(1510â1557), who based it mainly on western dialects. His main works are a translation of the
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broke out. As with other civil wars it was to be depicted many times in literature, as in
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1182:, who compiled the volume. It was first published in 1835 and quickly became a symbol of
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1390:â who in addition to his own writing was also a proficient translator of, among others,
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891:(The ancient poems of the Finnish people). The most famous poetry collection is the
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1766:. Studia Fennica Historica 11 (Helsinki: Suomalainen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2006).
1646:
1581:
1481:
1480:, noted for his irreverent portrayals of life in Helsinki and winner of the 2011
1473:
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1092:
1064:
1060:
1016:
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858:
797:
452:
285:
1764:
Visions of Past Glory: Nationalism and the Construction of Early Finnish History
3411:
3038:
2970:
2856:
2113:. Histories of Scandinavian Literature. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
1609:
1477:
1371:
1363:
1287:(1869â1913), but then Finland gained its independence in 1917 and soon after a
1227:
1203:
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it has been and still is a major influence on art and music, as in the case of
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1961:
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1465:
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1580:
Other prominent twentieth-century Swedish-language writers of Finland are
818:, the earliest text in a Finnic language is the unique thirteenth-century
400:
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2849:
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1672:
1565:
1505:
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1419:
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190:
2839:
2792:
1387:
1379:
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1242:
Among Finland's prominent female writers in the nineteenth century was
1192:
1120:
Until 1800, most of the literature published in Finnish was religious.
980:
976:
807:
404:
220:
173:
2210:
1374:
in the 1950s adapted the tone and level of the British and American â
1178:. Referred to as the Finnish "national epic" it is mainly credited to
1556:
The most famous Swedish-language works from Finland are probably the
1134:
2127:
1011:
23:
3313:
2950:
2731:
1174:
1147:
1101:
1088:
1036:
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1316:(1920â1992), already phenomenally successful because of his novel
142:
2955:
2762:
1569:
1406:
1152:
1040:
827:
811:
3268:
1557:
1539:
1509:
897:, published in 1835. The first novel published in Finnish was
3218:
2960:
1411:
1400:
1391:
1222:
1044:
260:
2965:
1169:
for folktale narratives originated in Finnish scholarship.
1142:
After becoming a part of the Russian Empire, known as the
1172:
The most famous collection of folk poetry is by far the
1436:â after which he ceased writing until his early death.
1087:
Written Finnish was established by Bishop and Finnish
830:
region. The earliest texts in Finland were written in
2082:"Finnish Contemporary Literature: A Wealth of Voices"
1444:
After a successful year as the Guest of Honor at the
879:). Thousands of folk poems in what came to be called
2080:
Paavolainen, Nina; Kantokorpi, Mervi; Antas, Maria.
1991:"How Finland Rebranded Itself as a Literary Country"
1599:
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2106:
2056:. Indiana University, Bloomington. pp. 24â26.
1701:Zuck, Virpi; Laitinen, Kai L.K. (5 August 2008).
1422:and many important English and American writers.
3426:
1729:Wiegand, Wayne A.; Davis, Donald G. Jr. (1994).
1398:was a master of meters and translated both the
1984:
1982:
1499:
971:in the 1950s adapted the tone and approach of
2747:
2226:
2143:
1513:
884:
774:
512:
1728:
1700:
1979:
1519:
746:
2754:
2740:
2233:
2219:
2150:
2136:
2019:
1464:Prominent writers of this century include
1117:, who published over 300 riddles in 1783.
1059:or a few other European languages such as
781:
767:
519:
505:
1138:Singers of folk poetry from Karelia, 1894
1006:
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1675:Kirjallinen kulttuuri keskiajan Suomessa
1670:
1202:
1133:
1010:
792:
2240:
1988:
1439:
924:(1888â1964) made him the first Finnish
3427:
2051:
1989:Mattila, Kalle Oskari (16 July 2018).
1515:Echo Ä Sweriges AllmÀnne Frögde-QwÀden
1246:(1844â1897), best known for her plays
2735:
2214:
2157:
2131:
2047:
2045:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1959:
1854:"SillanpÀÀ, Frans Emil (1888 - 1964)"
1123:
2761:
2105:Schoolfield, George C., ed. (1998).
1824:
1696:
1694:
1325:Other works known worldwide include
1272:
1167:AarneâThompson classification system
935:Other works known worldwide include
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
2020:Tarkiainen, Kari (December 2014) .
1312:winner. The theme was taken up by
13:
2073:
2042:
2008:
1941:. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura
1932:
1914:. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura
1905:
1887:. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura
1860:. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura
1851:
1833:. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura
1679:. Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura
1099:(completed in 1548) and a primer,
928:winner. Another notable author is
14:
3451:
2109:A History of Finland's Literature
1939:The National Biography of Finland
1912:The National Biography of Finland
1885:The National Biography of Finland
1878:
1858:The National Biography of Finland
1831:The National Biography of Finland
1782:The National Biography of Finland
1775:
1691:
1677:, Historiallisia tutkimuksia 254"
1430:The Song of the Children of Sibir
550:16th-century Renaissance humanism
2092:from the original on 23 May 2024
1616:
1602:
1280:The Song of the Blood-Red Flower
706:Dutch Renaissance and Golden Age
486:
141:
22:
2060:
2054:A History of Finnish Literature
2027:Biografiskt lexikon för Finland
1953:
1926:
1899:
1732:Encyclopedia of Library History
861:(1510â1557). He translated the
33:needs additional citations for
2862:History of independent Finland
1872:
1845:
1818:
1796:
1769:
1756:
1722:
1664:
243:History of independent Finland
1:
1908:"Waltari, Mika (1908 - 1979)"
1778:"Kivi, Aleksis (1834 - 1872)"
1657:
710:Folklore of the Low Countries
1881:"Linna, VÀinö (1920 - 1992)"
1827:"Canth, Minna (1844 - 1897)"
1521:Magnus Principatus Finlandia
1488:. Leading exponents include
1109:in 1649, and includes eight
959:(1908â1979). Beginning with
814:. During the European early
7:
2088:. Finland Promotion Board.
1935:"Leino, Eino (1878 - 1926)"
1595:
1500:Swedish-language literature
1492:(Finlandia Prize 1992) and
1069:National Library of Finland
979:. The most famous poet was
620:English Renaissance theatre
10:
3456:
3117:Government-owned companies
2788:Finland under Swedish rule
1162:Suomen kansan vanhat runot
1157:Finnish Literature Society
1127:
1043:region. Books such as the
1023:During the European early
887:Suomen kansan vanhat runot
565:16th century in literature
555:Reformation-era propaganda
169:Finland under Swedish rule
3377:
3259:
3189:
3180:
3128:National income agreement
3097:
3088:
2999:
2990:
2884:
2875:
2820:Golden Age of Finnish Art
2773:
2248:
2165:
1806:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1671:HeikkilÀ, Tuomas (2010).
1564:. They are also known in
1514:
1386:The most famous poet was
1225:published in Finnish was
1130:Finland's language strife
1033:Birch bark letter no. 292
820:Birch bark letter no. 292
201:Golden Age of Finnish Art
3004:Administrative divisions
1546:The Tales of Ensign StÄl
1496:(Finlandia Prize 2000).
1003:(Finlandia Prize 2000).
2835:Finland in World War II
2825:Independence of Finland
2052:Ahokas, Jaakko (1973).
1708:Encyclopedia Britannica
1071:digitised its medieval
1051:were only available in
216:Finland in World War II
206:Independence of Finland
1995:The Paris Review Daily
1735:. Garland Publishing.
1575:Irmelin Sandman Lilius
1520:
1434:The Dove and the Poppy
1218:
1144:Grand Duchy of Finland
1139:
1020:
1007:Pre-nineteenth century
907:(1834â1872). The book
885:
865:into Finnish in 1548.
800:
560:16th century in poetry
1933:Nevala, Marja-Liisa.
1535:Johan Ludvig Runeberg
1526:Frans Michael Franzén
1334:The Sultan's Renegade
1306:Frans Eemil SillanpÀÀ
1206:
1137:
1014:
947:(known in the USA as
944:The Sultan's Renegade
922:Frans Eemil SillanpÀÀ
796:
3365:World Heritage Sites
2200:Old Norse literature
2190:Norwegian literature
2185:Icelandic literature
1825:Krogerus, Tellervo.
1703:"Finnish literature"
1450:Kalle Oskari Mattila
1440:Twenty-first century
1337:(known in the US as
1285:Johannes Linnankoski
426:World Heritage Sites
57:"Finnish literature"
42:improve this article
2242:European literature
1762:Cf. Derek Fewster,
1446:Frankfurt Book Fair
1357:Sinuhe egyptilÀinen
1319:The Unknown Soldier
1184:Finnish nationalism
1115:Cristfried Ganander
1107:Aeschillus Petraeus
1074:Fragmenta membranea
991:and sci-fi authors
955:, respectively) by
468:National landscapes
3435:Finnish literature
3158:Telecommunications
2798:Great Northern War
2195:Swedish literature
2180:Finnish literature
2175:Faroese literature
2066:Ahokas 1972, p. 29
1960:Liukkonen, Petri.
1642:Culture of Finland
1219:
1214:SeitsemÀn veljestÀ
1207:The front page of
1140:
1124:Nineteenth century
1021:
883:were collected in
840:Finnish Middle Age
804:Finnish literature
801:
610:Metaphysical poets
493:Finland portal
179:Great Northern War
134:Culture of Finland
3440:Nordic literature
3420:
3419:
3373:
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3176:
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3084:
3083:
3066:Political parties
3019:Foreign relations
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2985:
2729:
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2208:
2207:
2170:Danish literature
2159:Nordic literature
2120:978-0-8032-4189-3
1966:Authors' Calendar
1624:Literature portal
1590:Johanna Holmström
1416:Pentti Saarikoski
1414:. After the wars
1368:Eeva-Liisa Manner
1345:respectively) by
1273:Twentieth century
1261:The Worker's Wife
965:Eeva-Liisa Manner
791:
790:
529:
528:
118:
117:
110:
92:
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3348:Independence Day
3338:National symbols
3187:
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2889:Cities and towns
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2867:Military history
2845:Continuation War
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1632:Finnish folklore
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1606:
1605:
1560:books by writer
1523:
1517:
1516:
1494:Johanna Sinisalo
1455:The Paris Review
1432:and the novella
1328:Michael the Finn
1302:
1257:
1082:
1029:Finnish-language
1001:Johanna Sinisalo
938:Michael the Finn
918:
890:
851:Finnish-language
849:(c. 1200â1523).
848:
783:
776:
769:
699:BohoriÄ alphabet
531:
530:
521:
514:
507:
491:
490:
489:
473:Regional anthems
248:Military history
226:Continuation War
145:
136:
120:
119:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3416:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3369:
3343:Public holidays
3255:
3172:
3080:
3044:Law enforcement
2982:
2871:
2803:The Great Wrath
2769:
2760:
2730:
2725:
2716:Western Lombard
2686:Turkish Cypriot
2646:
2632:Scottish Gaelic
2580:
2435:
2379:
2244:
2239:
2209:
2204:
2161:
2156:
2121:
2104:
2095:
2093:
2086:This Is Finland
2079:
2076:
2074:Further reading
2071:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2050:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2018:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1987:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1877:
1873:
1863:
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1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1776:Sihvo, Hannes.
1774:
1770:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1699:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1647:Finlandia Prize
1622:
1617:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1582:Henrik Tikkanen
1551:Edith Södergran
1502:
1482:Finlandia Prize
1474:Laura Lindstedt
1470:Pajtim Statovci
1442:
1362:Beginning with
1296:
1275:
1251:
1249:Työmiehen vaimo
1132:
1126:
1111:Finnish riddles
1093:Mikael Agricola
1076:
1017:Missale Aboense
1009:
997:Finlandia Prize
912:
859:Mikael Agricola
842:
798:Mikael Agricola
787:
758:
757:
756:
721:
713:
712:
703:
663:
655:
654:
653:
641:
624:
615:
605:
578:
570:
569:
545:
537:-era literature
525:
487:
485:
478:
477:
463:National anthem
448:
447:
436:
435:
421:
420:
411:
410:
386:
385:
374:
373:
354:
353:
328:
327:
313:
312:
255:
254:
253:
252:
184:The Great Wrath
157:
156:
132:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
3453:
3443:
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3437:
3418:
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3409:
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3394:
3387:
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3325:
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3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3251:Welfare system
3248:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3204:Climate change
3201:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3148:Stock exchange
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3076:Prime Minister
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
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2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2921:
2919:National parks
2916:
2914:Municipalities
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2894:Extreme points
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2857:Finlandization
2854:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:
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2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
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2711:
2706:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
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2566:
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2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2497:Northern Irish
2489:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2386:Middle English
2383:
2370:
2365:
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2172:
2166:
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2162:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2119:
2102:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2041:
2022:"Frese, Jacob"
2007:
1978:
1952:
1925:
1898:
1879:Nummi, Jyrki.
1871:
1852:Rajala, Panu.
1844:
1817:
1795:
1768:
1755:
1741:
1721:
1690:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1613:
1610:Finland portal
1597:
1594:
1501:
1498:
1478:Mikko Rimminen
1441:
1438:
1372:Finnish poetry
1364:Paavo Haavikko
1339:The Adventurer
1274:
1271:
1237:Seven Brothers
1228:Seven Brothers
1125:
1122:
1008:
1005:
989:Mikko Rimminen
969:Finnish poetry
961:Paavo Haavikko
949:The Adventurer
900:Seven Brothers
881:Kalevala meter
789:
788:
786:
785:
778:
771:
763:
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431:National parks
428:
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296:
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289:
288:
282:
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271:
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264:
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257:
256:
251:
250:
245:
240:
238:Finlandization
235:
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233:
228:
223:
213:
208:
203:
198:
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188:
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176:
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138:
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129:
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116:
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30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3452:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3423:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
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3395:
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3380:
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3358:
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3349:
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3344:
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3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
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3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
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3192:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3138:Ship-building
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3074:
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3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3050:
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3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2976:
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2962:
2959:
2957:
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2935:
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2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
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2887:
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2880:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
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2692:
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2684:
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2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
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2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
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2577:
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2540:
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2530:
2527:
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2517:
2515:
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2458:
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2434:
2431:
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2426:
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2421:
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2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2380:(Anglo-Saxon)
2376:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
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2343:Crimean Tatar
2341:
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2329:
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2256:
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2222:
2217:
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2213:
2201:
2198:
2196:
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2191:
2188:
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2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2122:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2063:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1805:
1799:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1744:
1742:9781135787578
1738:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1695:
1678:
1676:
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1614:
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1600:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
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1571:
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1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1548:
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1542:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1522:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:Timo K. Mukka
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1396:Otto Manninen
1393:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1349:(1908â1979).
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1294:Meek Heritage
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:Jean Sibelius
1195:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1180:Elias Lönnrot
1177:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1131:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1097:New Testament
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
985:Timo K. Mukka
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
945:
940:
939:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
916:
911:
910:Meek Heritage
906:
902:
901:
896:
895:
889:
888:
882:
878:
877:
871:
866:
864:
863:New Testament
860:
856:
852:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
799:
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3398:Bibliography
3315:The Kalevala
3314:
3308:
3289:Coat of arms
3274:Architecture
3209:Demographics
3133:Nordic model
3107:Central bank
3029:Human rights
3009:Constitution
2402:
2378:Old English
2263:Anglo-Norman
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318:Architecture
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40:Please help
35:verification
32:
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3102:Agriculture
2946:Urban areas
2850:Lapland War
2815:Grand Duchy
2810:Finnish War
2647: [
2581:(Provençal)
2569:Montenegrin
2436: [
2096:9 September
2034:9 September
2000:8 September
1971:4 September
1945:4 September
1918:4 September
1891:4 September
1864:4 September
1837:4 September
1714:9 September
1586:Kjell Westö
1566:comic strip
1506:Jacob Frese
1490:Leena Krohn
1420:James Joyce
1376:T. S. Eliot
1314:VÀinö Linna
1310:Nobel Prize
1297: [
1252: [
1244:Minna Canth
1077: [
1025:Middle Ages
993:Leena Krohn
973:T. S. Eliot
930:VÀinö Linna
926:Nobel Prize
913: [
876:Karelianism
843: [
838:during the
816:Middle Ages
810:written in
662:Continental
601:Anglo-Irish
583:Elizabethan
535:Reformation
231:Lapland War
196:Grand Duchy
191:Finnish War
3429:Categories
3309:Literature
3224:Healthcare
3061:Parliament
3024:Government
2840:Winter War
2793:Cudgel War
2783:Prehistory
2704:in English
2602:Portuguese
2549:Macedonian
2544:Luxembourg
2539:Lithuanian
2298:Belarusian
1658:References
1388:Eino Leino
1380:Ezra Pound
1304:(1919) by
1283:(1905) by
1266:Anna Liisa
1231:(1870) by
1221:The first
1193:Kanteletar
1128:See also:
999:1992) and
981:Eino Leino
977:Ezra Pound
920:(1919) by
903:(1870) by
808:literature
806:refers to
405:Superpesis
396:Ice hockey
364:Television
334:Literature
221:Winter War
174:Cudgel War
164:Prehistory
68:newspapers
3333:Mythology
3229:Languages
3214:Education
3168:Transport
3071:President
3034:Judiciary
3014:Elections
2971:JyvÀskylÀ
2924:Provinces
2877:Geography
2830:Civil War
2691:Ukrainian
2617:Sardinian
2587:Old Norse
2574:Norwegian
2519:Kashubian
2487:Icelandic
2482:Hungarian
2323:Bulgarian
2278:Aromanian
2268:Aragonese
1810:30 August
1788:30 August
1683:30 August
1289:civil war
1091:reformer
857:reformer
752:Icelandic
737:Norwegian
419:Monuments
401:PesÀpallo
293:Festivals
275:Mythology
268:Languages
211:Civil War
98:July 2012
3407:Category
3304:Folklore
3246:Religion
3194:Abortion
3153:Taxation
3143:Startups
3123:Industry
3049:Military
2992:Politics
2978:Wildlife
2951:Helsinki
2767:articles
2709:in Welsh
2696:Venetian
2644:Silesian
2622:Scottish
2607:Romanian
2592:Ossetian
2579:Occitan
2564:Moldovan
2509:JĂšrriais
2470:medieval
2450:Georgian
2445:Galician
2423:Friulian
2393:Estonian
2348:Croatian
2288:Austrian
2283:Asturian
2273:Armenian
2258:Albanian
2090:Archived
1748:15 April
1596:See also
1540:Our Land
1188:Kalevala
1175:Kalevala
1148:folklore
1102:Abckiria
1089:Lutheran
1037:Novgorod
894:Kalevala
870:folklore
855:Lutheran
824:Novgorod
694:Romanian
633:Morality
628:Pastoral
596:Scottish
544:Overview
391:Football
300:Religion
279:folklore
125:a series
123:Part of
3384:Outline
3294:Cuisine
3261:Culture
3239:Swedish
3234:Finnish
3182:Society
3163:Tourism
3090:Economy
2956:Tampere
2929:Regions
2904:Islands
2899:Geology
2775:History
2763:Finland
2721:Yiddish
2681:Turkish
2671:Swedish
2666:Spanish
2661:Slovene
2639:Serbian
2612:Russian
2554:Maltese
2534:Latvian
2524:Kosovar
2504:Italian
2465:ancient
2418:Frisian
2408:Flemish
2403:Finnish
2398:Faroese
2373:English
2353:Cypriot
2338:Cornish
2333:Chuvash
2328:Catalan
2318:British
2308:Bosnian
2303:Belgian
1570:cartoon
1407:Odyssey
1153:Karelia
1057:Swedish
1041:Olonets
832:Swedish
828:Olonets
812:Finland
747:Finnish
742:Swedish
732:Faroese
689:Sorbian
650:Revenge
645:Tragedy
638:History
577:British
445:Symbols
286:Cuisine
154:History
82:scholar
3412:Portal
3284:Cinema
3269:Anthem
3121:
3112:Energy
2941:Rivers
2765:
2700:Welsh
2656:Slovak
2597:Polish
2514:Kazakh
2475:modern
2455:German
2433:Gagauz
2428:Gaelic
2413:French
2363:Danish
2313:Breton
2293:Basque
2253:Abkhaz
2117:
1739:
1558:Moomin
1543:(from
1510:Vyborg
1263:) and
1217:, 1870
1065:German
1061:French
727:Danish
684:Slovak
674:German
369:Cinema
323:Design
261:People
127:on the
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
3391:Index
3360:Sport
3355:Sauna
3328:Music
3323:Media
3219:Finns
3199:Crime
2961:Turku
2934:Ă
land
2909:Lakes
2676:Swiss
2651:]
2627:Scots
2529:Latin
2492:Irish
2460:Greek
2440:]
2368:Dutch
2358:Czech
1784:. SKS
1412:Homer
1401:Iliad
1392:Dante
1301:]
1256:]
1223:novel
1081:]
1053:Latin
1045:Bible
1035:from
917:]
847:]
836:Latin
822:from
679:Swiss
669:Czech
591:Welsh
383:Sport
359:Radio
351:Media
341:Music
89:JSTOR
75:books
3299:Flag
3054:NATO
2966:Oulu
2559:Manx
2115:ISBN
2098:2024
2036:2024
2002:2018
1973:2016
1947:2016
1920:2016
1893:2016
1866:2016
1839:2016
1812:2016
1790:2016
1750:2017
1737:ISBN
1716:2024
1685:2016
1584:and
1476:and
1404:and
1378:and
1366:and
1341:and
1331:and
1047:and
975:and
963:and
951:and
941:and
453:Flag
277:and
61:news
3279:Art
3039:Law
1568:or
1452:in
1410:by
1211:'s
1063:or
834:or
310:Art
44:by
3431::
2649:cs
2438:ru
2084:.
2044:^
2024:.
2010:^
1993:.
1981:^
1964:.
1937:.
1910:.
1883:.
1856:.
1829:.
1780:.
1705:.
1693:^
1592:.
1577:.
1553:.
1472:,
1468:,
1394:.
1370:,
1299:fi
1269:.
1254:fi
1084:.
1079:fi
1055:,
983:.
967:,
932:.
915:fi
845:fi
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2004:.
1975:.
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1922:.
1895:.
1868:.
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1814:.
1792:.
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995:(
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86:·
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38:.
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