Flexible-fuel vehicle

794:. These vehicles could operate on either gasoline or methanol with only one fuel system. Legislation was passed to encourage the US auto industry to begin production, which started in 1993 for the M85 FFVs at Ford. In 1996, a new FFV Ford Taurus was developed, with models fully capable of running on either methanol or ethanol blended with gasoline. This ethanol version of the Taurus became the first commercial production of an E85 FFV. The momentum of the FFV production programs at the American car companies continued, although by the end of the 1990s, the emphasis shifted to the FFV E85 version, as it is today. Ethanol was preferred over methanol because there is a large support from the farming community, and thanks to the government's incentive programs and corn-based ethanol subsidies available at the time. Sweden also tested both the M85 and the E85 flexifuel vehicles, but due to agriculture policy, in the end emphasis was given to the ethanol flexifuel vehicles. Support for ethanol also comes from the fact that it is a 3132:. In 2008 the government announced priority for E85, expecting these flex-fuel vehicles to become widely available in Thailand in 2009, three years ahead of schedule. The incentives include cuts in excise tax rates for E85-compatible cars and reduction of corporate taxes for ethanol producers to make sure E85 fuel supply will be met. This new plan however, brought confusion and protests by the automakers which sign-up for the "eco-cars", as competition with the E85 flex-fuel cars will negatively affect their ongoing plans and investments, and their production lines will have to be upgraded at a high cost for them to produce flex-fuel cars. They also complained that flex-fuel vehicles popular in a few countries around the world, limiting their export potential as compared with other engine technologies. 320: 3579: 10200: 618: 2207: 2707: 2773: 1635: 1262: 3590: 3735: 1220: 2853: 269: 305: 3042:

or any blend of both. By 2014 the mandatory quota is 80% and it will reach 100 percent by 2016. All vehicles with engines bigger than 2.0 liters must be E85 capable starting in 2013. The decree also mandates that by 2011 all gasoline stations must provide infrastructure to guarantee availability of E85 throughout the country. The mandatory introduction of E85 flex-fuels has caused controversy among carmakers, car dealers, gasoline station owners, and even some ethanol producers complained the industry is not ready to supply enough ethanol for the new E85 fleet.

2987: 1923: 1340: 3001:. The country had around 1.6 million capable flex fuel E85s on the roads by 2014. However, most users are not aware they own an E85, as vehicles are not clearly labeled as such, and even though the newer models have a yellow cap in the fuel tank informing that the vehicle can handle E85, most users are still not aware because there are very few gas stations offering E85. Another major drawback to greater E85 fuel use is the fact that by June 2008 Canada had only three public E85 pumps, all located in 3548: 1875: 55: 1670: 2019: 417:. However, all these vehicles actually are bi-fuel and not flexible-fuel vehicles, because they have engines that store the other fuel in a separate tank, and the engine runs on one fuel at a time. Bi-fuel vehicles have the capability to switch back and forth from gasoline to the other fuel, manually or automatically. The most common available fuel in the market for bi-fuel cars is natural gas (CNG), and by 2008 there were 9.6 million natural gas vehicles, led by Pakistan (2.0 million), 1947: 749:

but also because they were the most compatible fuels with existing distribution systems and engines, thus avoiding a big departure from the existing technologies and taking advantage of the vehicle and the refueling infrastructure. California led the search of sustainable alternatives with interest focused in methanol. Ford Motor Company and other automakers responded to California's request for vehicles that run on methanol. In 1981, Ford delivered 40 dedicated methanol fuel (M100)

3201: 1693:, up to 20% discount on auto insurance, free parking spaces in most of the largest cities, owner annual registration taxes, and a 20% tax reduction for flexifuel company cars. Also, a part of the program, the Swedish Government ruled that 25% of their vehicle purchases (excluding police, fire and ambulance vehicles) must be alternative fuel vehicles. By the first months of 2008, this package of incentives resulted in sales of flexible-fuel cars representing 25% of new car sales. 3921: 1899: 1971: 1803: 1995: 3935: 2043: 1743: 88: 1208:, was kept to avoid start up problems in the central and southern regions, where winter temperatures normally drop below 15 °C (59 °F). An improved flex motor generation was launched in 2009 and allowed to eliminate the need for this secondary gas reservoir tank. Another improvement was the reduction of fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions, between 10% and 15% as compared to flex motors sold in 2008. In March 2009 1827: 3188: 1779: 766: 3175: 1851: 2067: 1363:. By December 2012 the five available models of flexible-fuel motorcycles from Honda and Yamaha reached a cumulative production of 2,291,072 units, representing 31.8% of all motorcycles manufactured in Brazil since 2009, and 48.2% of motorcycle production in 2012. Flexible-fuel motorcycle production passed the 3 million-unit milestone in October 2013. The 4 million mark was reached in March 2015. 1697:

represented just two percent of the four million Swedish vehicles. In addition, this law also mandated all new filling stations to offer alternative fuels, and stations with an annual volume of more than one million liters are required to have an alternative fuel pump by December 2009. Therefore, the number of E85 pumps is expected to reach by 2009 nearly 60% of Sweden's 4,000 filling stations.

2871:(OFS), introduced to Congress in May 2011, is intended to promote a massive adoption of flex-fuel vehicles capable of running on ethanol or methanol. The bill requires that 50 percent of automobiles made in 2014, 80 percent in 2016, and 95 percent in 2017, would be manufactured and warranted to operate on non-petroleum-based fuels, which includes existing technologies such as flex-fuel, 1650:

engine block heater. The use of this device is also recommended for gasoline vehicles when temperatures drop below −23 °C (−9 °F). Another option when extreme cold weather is expected is to add more pure gasoline in the tank, thus reducing the ethanol content below the E75 winter blend, or simply not to use E85 during extreme low temperature spells.

2146:, and no specific incentives have been granted for E85 flex-fuel cars; however, there is complete exemption of taxes on all biofuels while there is a normal tax of €0.65 per liter of petroleum fuels. The distribution of E85 began in 2005, and with 219 stations as of September 2008, Germany ranks second after Sweden with the most E85 fueling stations in the 3104:, by eliminating import duties and lowering excise taxes on CNG-compatible cars. Then in 2007, Thai authorities approved incentives for the production of "eco-cars", with the goal of the country to become a regional hub for the production of small, affordable and fuel-efficient cars. Seven automakers joint in the program, 757:, but only four refueling stations were installed. The biggest challenge in the development of alcohol vehicle technology was getting all of the fuel system materials compatible with the higher chemical reactivity of the fuel. Methanol was even more of a challenge than ethanol but much of the early experience gained with 2899:(RFA) found that oil companies prevent or discourage affiliated retailers from selling E85 through rigid franchise and branding agreements, restrictive supply contracts, and other tactics. The report showed independent retailers are five times more likely to offer E85 than retailers carrying an oil company brand. 2695:

actual blend available in the vehicle's tank. Because ethanol contains close to 34% less energy per unit volume than gasoline, E85 FFVs have a lower mileage per gallon than gasoline. Based on EPA tests for all 2006 E85 models, the average fuel economy for E85 vehicles was 25.56% lower than unleaded gasoline.

701:, low-interest loans for agro-industrial ethanol firms, and fixed gasoline and ethanol prices. After reaching more than 4 million cars and light trucks running on pure ethanol by the late 1980s, the use of E100-only vehicles sharply declined after increases in sugar prices produced shortages of ethanol fuel. 1584:. From 1997 to 1998 an additional 300 Taurus were imported, and the number of E85 fueling grew to 40. Then in 1998 the city of Stockholm placed an order for 2,000 of FFVs for any car manufacturer willing to produce them. The objective was to jump-start the FFV industry in Sweden. The two domestic car makers 2195:

companies, allowing retail prices to be low enough to offset the 25 per cent cut in fuel economy that E-85 cars offer, due to ethanol's lower energy content than gasoline. Also, the value added tax (VAT) on the fuel can also be claimed back. E-85 fuel is available across the country in more than 20 of

2813:

A flex fuel conversion kit is a kit that allows a conventional equipment manufactured vehicle to be altered to operate on propane, natural gas, methane gas, ethanol, or electricity are classified as aftermarket AFV conversions. All vehicle conversions, except those that are completed for a vehicle to

2694:

The E85 blend is used in gasoline engines modified to accept such higher concentrations of ethanol, and the fuel injection is regulated through a dedicated sensor, which automatically detects the amount of ethanol in the fuel, allowing to adjust both fuel injection and spark timing accordingly to the

3083:

began negotiations in 2007 with Brazilian automakers in order to import flex cars that run on any blend of gasoline and ethanol. If successful, Paraguay would become the first destination for Brazilian flex-fuel car exports. In May 2008, the Paraguayan government announced a plan to eliminate import

3041:

flexible-fuel cars. The executive decree applies to all gasoline-powered vehicles with engines smaller than 2.0 liters manufactured, imported, and commercialized in the country beginning in 2012, mandating that 60% of such vehicles must have flex-fuel engines capable of running with gasoline or E85,

3054:

Mr. Gadkari has predicted that in the next 15 years, Indian automobile industry will be worth Rs 15 lakh crore and the Government is planning to submit an affidavit in the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India to allow manufacturing of flex-fuel engines under the Euro IV emission norms but for now he said

3050:

Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari has emphasised the adoption of alternative fuels which will be import substitutes, cost-effective, pollution-free, indigenous, and discourage the use of Petrol or diesel. During an event held on 20 October 2021, while addressing the media

2768:

that it cost to turn a conventional vehicle into a flex-fuel, without investing in new technology to improve fuel economy, and saving them the potential fines for not achieving that standard in a given model year. The CAFE standards proposed in 2011 for the period 2017–2025 will allow flexible-fuel

2698:

The American E85 flex-fuel vehicle was developed to run on any mixture of unleaded gasoline and ethanol, anywhere from 0% to 85% ethanol by volume. Both fuels are mixed in the same tank, and E85 is sold already blended. In order to reduce ethanol evaporative emissions and to avoid problems starting

1649:

All flexible-fuel vehicles in Sweden use an E75 winter blend instead of E85 to avoid engine starting problems during cold weather. This blend was introduced since the winter 2006–07 and E75 is used from November until March. For temperature below −15 °C (5 °F) E85 flex vehicles require an

748:

In the United States, initial support to develop alternative fuels by the government was also a response to the first oil crisis, and some time later, as a goal to improve air quality. Also, liquid fuels were preferred over gaseous fuels not only because they have a better volumetric energy density

505:

plug-in hybrid, launched in the U.S. in late 2010, would be the first commercially available flex-fuel plug-in capable of adapting the propulsion to several world markets such as the U.S., Brazil or Sweden, as the combustion engine can be adapted to run on E85, E100 or diesel respectively. The Volt

198:

manufactured and sold worldwide by March 2018, and concentrated in four markets, Brazil (30.5 million light-duty vehicles and over 6 million motorcycles), the United States (27 million by the end of 2021), Canada (1.6 million by 2014), and Europe, led by Sweden (243,100). In addition

3508:

Notes: (1)The effective number of E85 flex vehicles in US roads actually using ethanol fuel is lower than shown, as a survey have shown than 68% of E85 owners are not aware they own a flex-fuel vehicle. A 2007 national survey found that only 5% of drivers actually use biofuels. (2) Regional prices

2752:

A 2005 survey found that 68% of American flex-fuel car owners were not aware they owned an E85 flex. This was because the exteriors of flex and non-flex vehicles look exactly the same; there is no sale price difference between them; the lack of consumers' awareness about E85s; and also the initial

2650:

As of 2017, there were more than 21 million E85 flex-fuel vehicles in the United States, up from about 11 million flex-fuel cars and light trucks in operation as of early 2013. The number of flex-fuel vehicles on U.S. roads increased from 1.4 million in 2001, to 4.1 million in

1696:

On the supply side, since 2005 the gasoline fuelling stations selling more than 3 million liters of fuel a year are required to sell at least one type of biofuel, resulting in more than 1,200 gas stations selling E85 by August 2008. Despite all the sharp growth of E85 flexifuel cars, by 2007 they

825:

additive in gasoline, was contaminating groundwater. Due to the risks of widespread and costly litigation, and because MTBE use in gasoline was banned in almost 20 states by 2006, the substitution of MTBE opened a new market for ethanol fuel. This demand shift for ethanol as an oxygenate additive

761:

production in Brazil was transferable to methanol. The success of this small experimental fleet of M100s led California to request more of these vehicles, mainly for government fleets. In 1983, Ford built 582 M100 vehicles; 501 went to California, and the remaining to New Zealand, Sweden, Norway,

2977:

VE Series II flex-fuel vehicles to be released later in 2010. Caltex Australia plans to begin selling Bio E-Flex in Melbourne from September and expects to have Bio E-Flex available in more than 30 service stations in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide and Canberra by the end of October, with

2784:

A major restriction hampering sales of E85 flex vehicles, or fueling with E85, is the limited infrastructure available to sell E85 to the public with only 2% of the motor fuel stations offering E85 by March 2014. As of November 2015, there were only 3,218 fueling stations selling E85 to the

2150:. As of July 2012 retail prices of E85 was €1.09 per liter, and gasoline was priced at €1.60 per liter (for gasoline RON 95), then providing enough margin to compensate for ethanol's lower fuel economy. Ford has offered the Ford Focus since August 2005 in Germany. Ford is about to offer also the 2098:

Flexifuel vehicles are sold in 18 European countries, including Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Ford, Volvo and Saab are the main automakers

1300:

The production of flex-fuel cars and light commercial vehicles since 2003 reached the milestone of 10 million vehicles in March 2010. At the end of 2012 registrations of flex-fuel cars and light trucks represented 87% of all passenger and light duty vehicles sold in the country in 2012, and

1296:

1.8 Flexpower, using an engine developed by a joint-venture with Fiat called PowerTrain. Passenger flex-fuel vehicles became a commercial success in the country, and as of December 2013, a total of 15 car manufacturers produce flex-fuel engines for the Brazilian market, dominating all light

740:

were producing popular models of flex cars and light trucks. The adoption of ethanol flex fuel vehicles was so successful, that production of flex cars went from almost 40 thousand in 2003 to 1.7 million in 2007. This rapid adoption of the flex technology was facilitated by the fuel distribution

456:

of Fiat Brazil. This automobile can run as a flex-fuel on 100% ethanol (E100); or on E-20 to E25, Brazil's normal ethanol gasoline blend; on pure gasoline (though no longer available in Brazil since 1993, it is still used in neighboring countries); or just on natural gas. The Siena Tetrafuel was

385:

Flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) are based on dual-fuel systems that supply both fuels into the combustion chamber at the same time in various calibrated proportions. The most common fuels used by FFVs today are unleaded gasoline and ethanol fuel. Ethanol FFVs can run on pure gasoline, pure ethanol

337:

As ethanol FFVs became commercially available during the late 1990s, the common use of the term "flexible-fuel vehicle" became synonymous with ethanol FFVs. In the United States flex-fuel vehicles are also known as "E85 vehicles". In Brazil, the FFVs are popularly known as "total flex" or simply

2194:

manufacturing. The Irish government established several incentives, including a 50% discount in vehicle registration taxes (VRT), which can account for more than one third of the retail price of a new car in Ireland (around €6,500). The bioethanol element of the E85 fuel is excise-free for fuel

1253:

is lower than gasoline because of ethanol's energy content is close to 34% less per unit volume than gasoline, flex cars running on ethanol get a lower mileage than when running on pure gasoline. However, this effect is partially offset by the usually lower price per liter of ethanol fuel. As a

1653:

Sweden has achieved the largest E85 flexible-fuel vehicle fleet in Europe, with a sharp growth from 717 vehicles in 2001 to 243,136 through December 2014. As of 2008 a total of 70% of all flexifuel vehicles operating in the EU were registered in Sweden. The recent and accelerated growth of the

2894:

As of December 2014, almost half of new vehicles produced by Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors are flex-fuel, meaning roughly one-quarter of all new vehicles sold by 2015 are capable of using up to E85. However, obstacles to widespread use of E85 fuel remain. A 2014 analysis by the

1203:

Flexible-fuel technology started being developed by Brazilian engineers near the end of the 1990s. The Brazilian flexible fuel car is built with an ethanol-ready engine and one fuel tank for both fuels. The small gasoline reservoir for starting the engine in cold weather, used in earlier

2260:

supermarket chain stations, most automakers offer the same models in the UK that are available in the European market. In 2005 the Ford Focus Flexi-Fuel became the first flexible-fuel car sold in the UK, though E85 pumps were not opened until 2006. Volvo now offers its flexifuel models

259:

ethanol fuel (E100). The Brazilian flex vehicles were built-in with a small gasoline reservoir for cold starting the engine when temperatures drop below 15 °C (59 °F). An improved flex motor generation was launched in 2009 which eliminated the need for the secondary gas tank.

2753:

decision of American automakers of not putting any kind of exterior labeling, so buyers could be unaware they are purchasing an E85 vehicle. Since 2008, all new FFV models in the US feature a bright yellow gas cap to remind drivers of the E85 capabilities and proper flex-fuel badging.

3051:

and journalists he has said that the government will ask all vehicle manufacturers to make flex-fuel engines under the Euro VI emission norms in the next six-eight months. Flex-fuel, or flexible fuel, is an alternative fuel made of a combination of gasoline and methanol or ethanol.

2743:

production. Regional retail E85 prices vary widely across the US, with more favorable prices in the Midwest region, where most corn is grown and ethanol produced. Depending on the vehicle capabilities, the break-even price of E85 has to be between 25 and 30% lower than gasoline.

1313:

of flex vehicles reached 88.6% of all light-duty registrations in 2017. As of March 2018, fifteen years after the launch of the first flex fuel car, there were 30.5 million flex cars and light trucks registered in the country, and 6 million flex motorcycles.

2235:

to attend these vehicles. Despite the introduction in the Spaniard market of several flexifuel models, by the end of 2008 still persists the problems of adequate E85 fueling infrastructure, as only 10 gas stations were selling E85 fuel to the public in the entire country.

2760:(CAFE) requirements, that allows for a fuel economy credit for every flex-fuel vehicle sold, whether or not in practice these vehicles are fueled with E85. This loophole might allow the car industry to meet the CAFE targets in fuel economy just by spending between 2699:

the engine during cold weather, the maximum blend of ethanol was set to 85%. There is also a seasonal reduction of the ethanol content to E70 (called winter E85 blend) in very cold regions, where temperatures fall below 0 °C (32 °F) during the winter. In

1258:, Brazilian consumers are frequently advised by the media to use more alcohol than gasoline in their mix only when ethanol prices are 30% lower or more than gasoline, as ethanol price fluctuates heavily depending on the result of seasonal sugar cane harvests. 785:

As an answer to the lack of refueling infrastructure, Ford began development of a flexible-fuel vehicle in 1982, and between 1985 and 1992, 705 experimental FFVs were built and delivered to California and Canada, including the 1.6L Ford Escort, the 3.0L

1308:

By the end of 2014, flex-fuel cars represented 54% of the Brazilian registered stock of light-duty vehicles, while gasoline only vehicles represented 34.3%. As of June 2015, flex-fuel light-duty vehicle sales totaled 25.5 million units. The

2710:

Typical labeling used in the US to identify E85 flex-fuel vehicles. Top left: a small sticker in the back of the fuel filler door. Bottom left: the bright yellow gas cap now used in newer models. E85 Flexfuel badging used in newer models from

9807: 3517:

are main growers of feedstock and producers of ethanol, hence, the comparison presented is one of the most favorable for ethanol/gasoline price ratios. For example, US average spread was 16.9% in August 2008, and it varied from 35% in

1659: 3530:. (3) Brazilian gasoline is heavily taxed (~54%), US ethanol production was subsidized (a US$ 0.51/gal federal tax credit) until December 2011, and Swedish E85 is exempt of CO2 and energy taxes until 2009 (~30% price reduction). 830:

were already significantly rising. By 2006, about 50 percent of the gasoline used in the U.S. contained ethanol at different proportions, and ethanol production grew so fast that the US became the world's top ethanol producer,

3143:. The S80 is manufactured locally and the C30 is imported. By the time of the introduction of flex vehicles there were already two gas stations with E85 fuel available. During 2009 it was expected that 15 fueling stations in 2690:

estimated that in 2011 only 862,837 flex-fuel fleet-operated vehicles were regularly fueled with E85. As a result, from all the ethanol fuel consumed in the country in 2009, only 1% was E85 consumed by flex-fuel vehicles.

1619:. All Volvo models were initially restricted to the Sweden market, until 2007, when these three models were launched in eight new European markets. In 2007, Saab also started selling a BioPower version of its popular 484:

built with a combustion engine capable of running on gasoline, E-85, or E-100 to help drive the wheels in conjunction with the electric engine or to recharge the battery pack that powers the electric engine. In 2007

2226:

The first flexifuel vehicles were introduced in Spain by late 2007, with the acquisition of 80 cars for use in the Spaniard official government fleet. At that time the country had only three gas stations selling

338:"flex" cars. In Europe, FFVs are also known as "flexifuel" vehicles. Automakers, particularly in Brazil and the European market, use badging in their FFV models with the some variant of the word "flex", such as 234:

ethanol fuel with 15% gasoline. This upper limit in the ethanol content is set to reduce ethanol emissions at low temperatures and to avoid cold starting problems during cold weather, at temperatures lower than

577:

with adjustable jetting, allowing use of ethanol, gasoline or kerosene (each by itself), or a combination of the first two mentioned fuels. Other car manufactures also provided engines for ethanol fuel use.

425:

in the main cities of Argentina and Brazil. Normally, standard gasoline vehicles are retrofitted in specialized shops, which involve installing the gas cylinder in the trunk and the CNG injection system and

9811: 7379: 9155: 2841:

announced that it will import from five to ten Volts to Brazil during the first semester of 2011 as part of a demonstration and also to lobby the federal government to enact financial incentives for

2935:, the first vehicle in Australia to give drivers a choice of three fuels, E85, diesel or gasoline, and both automobiles are sold for a small premium. Australia's largest independent fuel retailer, 1336:, combined with government subsidies to keep gasoline price lower than the international market value, by November 2013 only 23% flex-fuel car owners were using ethanol, down from 66% in 2009. 704:

After extensive research that began in the 90s, a second push took place in March 2003, when the Brazilian subsidiary of Volkswagen launched to the market the first full flexible-fuel car, the

7406: 2997:

As part of the North American auto market, by 2007 Canada had available 51 models of E85 flex-vehicles, most from Chrysler, Ford and General Motors, including automobiles, pickup trucks, and

2867:

In 2008, Chrysler, General Motors, and Ford pledged to manufacture 50 percent of their entire vehicle line as flexible fuel in model year 2012, if enough fueling infrastructure develops. The

8698: 469:, Brazil, allowing users to choose among three fuels (E25, E100 and CNG) according to current market prices at the pump. Vehicles with this adaptation are known in Brazil as "tri-fuel" cars. 4605: 9745: 9561: 3907: 7292: 1328:

According to two separate research studies conducted in 2009, at the national level 65% of the flex-fuel registered vehicles regularly used ethanol fuel, and the usage climbed to 93% in

4241: 2126:, as of April 2007. By May 2008, France had 211 pumps selling E85, even though the government made plans for the installation of up to 500 E85 pumps by year end 2007. French automakers 8066: 1685:

and energy taxes until 2009, resulting in a 30% price reduction at the pump of E85 fuel over gasoline. Furthermore, other demand side incentives for flexifuel vehicle owners include a

444:

of Brazil, and capable of using CNG, ethanol and gasoline (E20-E25 blend) as fuel. This automobile was aimed at the taxicab market and the switch among fuels is done manually. In 2006

4063: 3017:. E85 fueling is available primarily for fleet vehicles, including 20 government refueling stations not available for the public. The main feedstocks for E85 production in Canada are 382:

in Brazil. In the US, only since 2008 FFV models feature a yellow gas cap with the label "E85/Gasoline" written on the top of the cap to differentiate E85s from gasoline only models.

4286: 3055:

that the Indian Government will ask all vehicle manufacturers to make flex-fuel engines (that can run on more than one fuel) under the Euro VI emission norms in the next 6–8 months.

1332:, the main ethanol producer state where local taxes are lower, and prices at the pump are more competitive than gasoline. However, as a result of higher ethanol prices caused by the 9207: 4259:

Download file "Nyregistreringar december 2014 (prel)" see table: "Nyregistrerade miljöbilar per typ december 2014" with summary of E85 passenger car registrations for 2014 and 2013

548:

with flex-fuel engine capable of running with electricity and any blend of ethanol fuel and gasoline. The flexible fuel hybrid technology was developed in partnership with several

2920:

E85 flex-fuel vehicles to Australia as a trial, in order to measure interest in ethanol-powered vehicles in the country. Saab Australia placed the vehicles with the fleets of the

9651: 2785:

public in the entire U.S., while about 156,000 retail motor fuel outlets do not offer any ethanol blend. In addition, there has been a great concentration of E85 stations in the

5361:

The article argues that even though Fiat called it tetra fuel, it actually runs on three fuels: natural gas, ethanol, and gasoline, as Brazilian gasoline is an E20 to E25 blend.

7266: 6944: 4220:

Download file "Definitiva nyregistreringar 2012" see table: "Nyregistrerade miljöbilar per typ december 2012" with summary of E85 passenger car registrations for 2012 and 2011

9000: 1556:

were imported to show the technology existed. Because of the existing interest, a project was started in 1995 with 50 Ford Taurus E85 flexifuel in different parts of Sweden:

1235:

A key innovation in the Brazilian flex technology was avoiding the need for an additional dedicated sensor to monitor the ethanol-gasoline mix, which made the first American

9879: 8263: 4993: 4933: 1317:

The rapid success of flex vehicles was made possible by the existence of 33,000 filling stations with at least one ethanol pump available by 2006, a heritage of the early

4206: 9453: 5940: 4747: 3084:

taxes of flex-fuel vehicles and an incentive program for ethanol production. The plan also includes the purchase of 20,000 flex cars in 2009 for the government fleet.

6420: 5204: 5629: 5047: 3617: 3025:, and there were several proposals being discussed to increase the actual use of E85 fuel in FFVs, such as creating an ethanol-friendly highway or ethanol corridor. 211:

with E85 flex fuel vehicles, but as of June 2008, this fuel is not yet available to the general public. These successful tests with P-series fuels were conducted on

7208: 4777: 2789:

states. The main constraint for a more rapid expansion of E85 availability is that it requires dedicated storage tanks at filling stations, at an estimated cost of

1325:

blend of gasoline throughout the country, allowed Brazil in 2008 to achieve more than 50% of fuel consumption in the gasoline market from sugar cane-based ethanol.

10357: 7951: 1360: 7235: 5546: 2931:

Saab Australia became the first car maker to produce an E85 flex-fuel car for the Australian market with the Saab 9-5 BioPower. One month later launched the new

9977: 9343: 1677:

was one of the first E85 flexible fuel cars available in the country produced by a Swedish automaker. The Volvo FlexiFuel is now offered on the European market.

3063:

In 2006 New Zealand began a pilot project with two E85 Ford Focus Flexi-Fuel evaluation cars. The main feedstock used in New Zealand for ethanol production is

2969:

have announced a consortium with a co-ordinated plan to build a bio-ethanol plant from household waste for use as E85 fuel. In August 2010 Caltex launched the

7181: 5725: 4810: 7723: 7433: 7383: 2199:

service stations. In October 2005, the 1.8 Ford Focus FFV became the first flexible-fuel vehicle to be commercially sold in Ireland. Later Ford launched the

457:

engineered to switch from any gasoline-ethanol blend to CNG automatically, depending on the power required by road conditions. Another existing option is to

9587: 9159: 7409:[Honda commemorates 3 million flexible-fuel motorcycles produced with FlexOne special edition] (in Portuguese). Notícias Automotivas. Archived from 5454: 1654:

Swedish fleet of E85 flexifuel vehicles is the result of the National Climate Policy in Global Cooperation Bill passed in 2005, which not only ratified the

493:

E85s for real-world testing in fleets in the U.S. Also as a demonstration project, Ford delivered in 2008 the first flexible-fuel plug-in hybrid SUV to the

9399: 8977: 6980: 6104: 5128: 3135:

Despite the controversy, the first E85 flexible fuel vehicles were introduced in November 2008. The first two models available in the Thai market were the

2925: 9099: 7552: 6586: 5344: 2218:

From 1 January 2011 E85 fuel is no longer excise-free in Ireland. Maxol has announced they will not provide E85 when their current supplies have run out.

10703: 10137: 9129: 7665: 5428: 1600:

model, delivering the first cars in 2001, and selling more than 15,000 FFV Focus by 2005, then representing an 80% market share of the flexifuel market.

741:

infrastructure already in place, as around 27,000 filling stations countrywide were available by 1997 with at least one ethanol pump, a heritage of the

10388: 7410: 5372: 3606: 1356: 8495: 5178: 1246:

ethanol (E100), or just on a blend of gasoline with 25 to 27% anhydrous ethanol (the mandatory blend), or on any arbitrary combination of both fuels.

9955: 7057: 10429: 9722: 9053: 8702: 7034: 6710: 6265: 5257: 9778: 7354: 6233: 4612: 697:. The Brazilian government provided three important initial drivers for the ethanol industry: guaranteed purchases by the state-owned oil company 461:

an ethanol flexible-fuel vehicle to add a natural gas tank and the corresponding injection system. This option is popular among taxicab owners in

155:, and both fuels are stored in the same common tank. Modern flex-fuel engines are capable of burning any proportion of the resulting blend in the 9749: 9565: 7300: 6808: 6677: 5150: 7323: 6478: 8973: 5290: 4184:

Click on the graph "Bought ethanol cars" showing total sales of E85 flexifuels by year since 2001. A total of 229,400 units is reported by 2015

6675: 4245: 2186:

Ireland is the third best seller European market of E85 flex-fuel vehicles, after Sweden and France. Bioethanol (E85) in Ireland is made from

645:

Since 1975, and as a response to the shock caused by the first oil crisis, the Brazilian government implemented the National Alcohol Program -

9984: 9655: 8074: 6917: 6852: 5973: 665:. It began with a low blend of anhydrous alcohol with regular gasoline in 1976, and since July 2007 the mandatory blend is 25% of alcohol or 9067: 6619: 4071: 2256:(VED); and a 2% annual company car tax discount for flex-fuel cars. Despite the small number of E85 pump stations available, limited to the 1681:

In order to achieve these goals several government incentives were implemented. Ethanol, as the other biofuels, was exempted of both, the CO

10634: 9834: 8748: 6410:

Originally published online in Science Express on 7 February 2008. There are rebuttals to these findings for assuming a worst-case scenario

5786: 5580: 4316: 4290: 807: 167:

are adjusted automatically according to the actual blend detected by a fuel composition sensor. Flex-fuel vehicles are distinguished from

6647: 5317:"Lei Nº 8.723, de 28 de Outubro de 1993. Dispõe sobre a redução de emissão de poluentes por veículos automotores e dá outras providências" 5231: 4557: 590:

resulted in gasoline shortages and awareness on the dangers of oil dependence. This crisis opened a new opportunity for ethanol and other

10856: 9211: 9182: 8168: 7696: 6909: 6521: 2306: 2110:

cars in general get strong tax incentives in France, including a 0 or 50% reduction on the tax on new vehicles, and a 40% reduction on CO

243:). The alcohol content is reduced during the winter in regions where temperatures fall below 0 °C (32 °F) to a winter blend of 8293: 7500: 5607: 5124: 4674: 10346: 8377: 7915: 9421: 8232: 7103: 6954: 4644: 4451:

Sustainable Ethanol: Biofuels, Biorefineries, Cellulosic Biomass, Flex-Fuel Vehicles, and Sustainable Farming for Energy Independence

2769:

vehicles to receive extra credit but only when the carmakers present data proving how much E85 such vehicles have actually consumed.

222:

Though technology exists to allow ethanol FFVs to run on any mixture of gasoline and ethanol, from pure gasoline up to 100% ethanol (

10017: 9917: 9535: 8625: 1223:

Typical Brazilian flexible-fuel engine with secondary gasoline reservoir for cold starting the engine at temperatures below 15

7886: 10056: 5531: 5097: 8271: 8097: 7579: 2798: 7456: 6910:"Brazil Passenger Vehicle Market Statistics: International comparative assessment of technology adoption and energy consumption" 6206: 5051: 4997: 4937: 4704: 4479:

Davis, G.W.; et al. (6 August 2002). "Ethanol vehicle cold start improvement when using a hydrogen supplemented E85 fuel".

3895: 2244:

The UK government established several incentives for E85 flex-fuel vehicles. These include a fuel duty rebate on E85 fuel of 20

186:

The most common commercially available FFV in the world market is the ethanol flexible-fuel vehicle, with about 60 million

10381: 9889: 8865: 8354: 6152: 5911: 5820: 560:. Toyota announced plans to start production of a flex hybrid electric car for the Brazilian market in the second half of 2019. 394:

FFVs, but their use has been limited mainly to demonstration projects and small government fleets, particularly in California.

8572: 7955: 7080: 6452: 5316: 9463: 7161: 5412: 4876: 4458: 4039: 6829: 6570:

See Table 2.3 for production figures, and Tables 2.4 and 2.5 for actual registrations (includes flex imports from Argentina)

4751: 835:

Brazil in 2005. This shift also contributed to a sharp increase in the production and sale of E85 flex vehicles since 2002.

10520: 10422: 9808:"Thailand E85 tax incentive confusion has stymied flex-fuel car makers planning: ethanol glut looms as E85 takeoff delayed" 8323: 6427: 5208: 2641: 1249:

The flexibility of Brazilian FFVs empowers the consumers to choose the fuel depending on current market prices. As ethanol

7060:[Average age of Brazilian motorvehicles rises again while sales are falling] (in Portuguese). Revista Auto Esporte 5735: 5021: 8469: 7212: 5632:[In ceremony with President Temer, Toyota launches technology for the production of the first flex-fuel hybrid]. 4818: 4785: 708:

1.6 Total Flex. Several months later was followed by other Brazilian automakers, and by 2010 General Motors, Fiat, Ford,

9269: 6725: 4483:. Vol. 1. Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit, 2000. (IECEC) 35th Intersociety. pp. 303–308. 1265:

Six typical flex-fuel models from several Brazilian carmakers, popularly known as "flex" cars, that run on any blend of

10362: 7243: 7003: 6552: 6053: 5483: 9513: 9234: 8725: 5554: 4907: 10663: 10374: 10254: 9988: 9347: 9107: 6594: 4496: 4131: 2756:

Some critics have argued that American automakers have been producing E85 flex models motivated by a loophole in the

2316: 8510: 7436:[Honda reaches 4 million flexible-fuel motorcycles produced in Brazil] (in Portuguese). Revista Auto Esporte 6676:

Associação Brasileira dos Fabricantes de Motocicletas, Ciclomotores, Motonetas, Bicicletas e Similares (ABRACICLO).

5948: 4966: 2686:) when filled with gasoline. Actual consumption of E85 among flex-fuel vehicle owners is limited. Nevertheless, the 2118:(VAT) on E85 vehicles. Also, E85 fuel price is set significantly lower than diesel or gasoline, resulting in E85 at 1288:

1.6 Total Flex, the first commercial flexible fuel vehicle capable of running on any blend of gasoline and ethanol.

1274: 666: 630: 285: 252: 248: 244: 8595: 8201: 8142: 7999: 7750: 7185: 5886: 2802: 849: 583: 9491: 5376: 3509:

vary widely in Brazil and the US. The states chosen reflect some of the lowest retail prices for ethanol, as both

806:, though nowadays these benefits are questioned and depend on the feedstock used for ethanol production and their 11069: 10678: 10415: 10293: 9594: 7630: 6977:"Automakers in Brazil Hit 10M Flex-Fuel Vehicle Mark; Brazilian Sugarcane Association Urges Global Dissemination" 5458: 3994: 3375: 1333: 401:. The term flexible-fuel vehicles is sometimes used to include other alternative fuel vehicles that can run with 319: 7977: 7810: 7530: 6805: 5912:"Anúario da Industria Automobilistica Brasileira 2010: Tabelas 2.1–2.2–2.3 Produção por combustível – 1957/2009" 4579: 4304:

Also published in the Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Vol. 62, January–February 2003, pp. 97–105

3317:

Brazil's fleet is 64.8 mi (2010), Sweden fleet is 4.8 mi (2008), and US fleet is 248.5 mi (2009).

2114:

tax for new cars. For company cars there is a corporate car tax free for two years and a recovery of 80% of the

10592: 7556: 7006:(in Portuguese). ANFAVEA – Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Brasil). Archived from 6555:(in Portuguese). ANFAVEA – Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Brasil). Archived from 5914:(in Portuguese). ANFAVEA – Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Brasil). Archived from 5348: 4606:"Swedish comments on Euro 5/6 comitology version 4, 30 May 2007: Cold Temperature Tests For Flex Fuel Vehicles" 3769: 3765: 3578: 3463: 3427: 3038: 2868: 2805:(REAP). This ruling will provide financial assistance to fuel station owners to install E85 and blender pumps. 2757: 2211: 827: 9619: 9133: 8324:"Maxol Bioethanol E85 – Maxol Group – Fuel for All Engines. Maxol is Irelands leading independent oil company" 8044: 7673: 5432: 10982: 10693: 10199: 9536:"GM's high- ethanol Impalas seek future; Plan is to develop market via fleets No E85 stations for GTA owners" 8517: 6030:(in Portuguese). ANFAVEA – Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Brasil). January 2011 5660: 10587: 9857: 5505: 2297:

bioethanol. Despite being introduced around a decade ago, E85 is no longer commercially available in the UK

10778: 7626: 6101:"Kia introduces new Flex-Fuel Soul Flex at Brazilian Motor Show; boosts output and lowers fuel consumption" 5182: 4166: 3974: 3756: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3219: 3148: 1603:

In 2005 both Volvo and Saab introduced to the Sweden market their flexifuel models. Saab began selling its

1347:

One of the latest innovation within the Brazilian flexible-fuel technology is the development of flex-fuel

1322: 1305:

of all new passenger vehicles sales in 2013. Production passed the 20 million-unit mark in June 2013.

549: 8919: 8826: 5853: 5849:

Programa de Biocombustíveis no Brasil e na Colômbia: uma análise da implantação, resultados e perspectivas

5847: 3291:

Brazil as of March 2018, Sweden sales as of September 2013 and U.S. fleet on the road as of December 2016.

10996: 10505: 9782: 9700: 9265: 8545: 6787: 4524: 2896: 1250: 750: 625:

was the first full flexible-fuel vehicle produced and sold in Brazil, capable of running on any blend of

617: 9396:"Caltex Australia Introduces E85 Fuel; Targeted for Commodore Flex-Fuel Vehicles Coming Later This Year" 6276: 5333:

See article 9º and modifications approved by Law Nº 10.696, 2003-07-02 increasing the upper limit to 25%

5261: 2206: 10989: 10745: 9077: 8886: 8774: 7004:"Anúario da Industria Automobilistica Brasileira 2012: Tabela 2.3 Produção por combustível – 1957/2012" 6553:"Anúario da Industria Automobilistica Brasileira 2018: Tabela 2.3 Produção por combustível – 1957/2017" 6240: 6024: 3655: 2814:

run on electricity, must meet current applicable U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards.

2794: 1597: 371: 171:, where two fuels are stored in separate tanks and the engine runs on one fuel at a time, for example, 136: 8908:

As of 23 November 2015, there were 3,218 stations Selling E85 across 2013 cities in the U.S.

8799: 6976: 6685: 6304:"Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change" 5154: 2797:

set the goal of installing 10,000 blender pumps nationwide until 2015, and to support this target the

2706: 610:. Ethanol, methanol and natural gas were the three alternative fuels that received more attention for 11079: 10836: 9924: 8632: 8521: 8443: 7331: 6812: 6763: 6517: 6485: 4844: 2772: 2687: 494: 251:

in Sweden from November until March. Brazilian flex fuel vehicles are optimized to run on any mix of

17: 9944:

See Table 4.17: 162,350 conventional refueling stations and US motor vehicle fleet 248,460 vehicles.

9395: 8680: 3785: 11064: 10698: 10656: 10438: 3954: 2884: 2838: 2312: 1690: 1634: 1261: 803: 690: 611: 132: 39: 10023:(in Portuguese). Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis. 2008. Archived from 7580:"BioEthanol for Sustainable Transport: Results and recommendations from the European BEST project" 6856: 6183: 6100: 5977: 4244:[New registrations in December 2014 (preliminar)] (in Swedish). Bil Sweden. Archived from 3734: 3589: 10918: 10877: 10683: 10646: 10160: 9629: 8549: 6784: 4525:"Development of Technologies to Improve Cold Start Performance of Ethanol Vehicles: Final Report" 3979: 3926: 2924:

Government, the media, and some ethanol producers. E85 is not available widely in Australia, but

2134:(Citroen & Peugeot) announced they will start selling FFV cars beginning in the summer 2007. 818: 791: 603: 545: 473: 406: 9028: 8421: 6002: 5794: 4320: 3298:

estimates that in 2009 only 504,297 flex-fuel vehicles were regularly fueled with E85 in the US.

2154:

and other models as FFV versions between 2008 and 2010. The Saab 9-5 and Saab 9-3 Biopower, the

11043: 10882: 10720: 10559: 10500: 10323: 9297: 8021: 6879: 5235: 4115:

According to IHS Markit, as of 2017, there were more than 21 million FFVs in the United States.

4031: 3949: 3097: 2954: 1377: 853: 599: 486: 402: 297: 172: 8301: 8175: 7700: 7153: 6525: 4848: 2131: 1592:

refused to participate arguing there were not in place any ethanol filling stations. However,

1219: 657:), a nationwide program financed by the government to phase out automotive fuels derived from 11074: 10841: 10668: 9743: 8667: 8128: 7504: 5630:"Toyota lança em cerimônia com Temer tecnologia para produção de primeiro carro híbrido flex" 4678: 4648: 3151:

was launched becoming the first mass-production E85 flexi-fuel vehicle produced in Thailand.

2837:, launched in the United States market in December 2010, would be flex-fuel-capable in 2013. 2675: 1552:

Flexible-fuel vehicles were introduced in Sweden as a demonstration test in 1994, when three

515: 30:

This article is about alcohol and gasoline fueled vehicles. For other types of vehicles, see

10088: 9369: 5075: 2852: 2830:

Plug-in Hybrid capable of running on E85 or gasoline. General Motors announced that the new

304: 268: 11038: 10622: 10283: 10229: 9425: 9072: 7648:

See sections or chapters on Brazil (Chp 1), the US (3.3), Europe (Chp 4), and Sweden (4.11)

7288: 7110: 6377: 6317: 5862: 3839: 1293: 1281: 1209: 1205: 1193: 758: 686: 6760: 4342: 1329: 773:

was the first flexible-fuel vehicle produced with versions capable of running with either

8: 10887: 10313: 10224: 10115: 10024: 9928: 9539: 9239: 8636: 8399: 5730: 5506:"GM-VOLT : Chevy Volt Electric Car Site: Moving the Chevy Volt to Production Status" 3989: 2872: 2253: 1976: 650: 7890: 6381: 6356:

by Wang and Haq. There are critics to these findings for assuming a worst-case scenario.

6321: 3561:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

68:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

10554: 10239: 10060: 9253:

A similar bill has been presented in previous Congress sessions with the same objective

8861: 8297: 7669: 7380:"Nova Honda NXR 150 Bros Mix é a 1ª On-Off Road com tecnologia bicombustível do Brasil" 6401: 6366:

Fargione; et al. (29 February 2008). "Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt".

6343: 6128:"Contaminação de Águas Subterrâneas por Derramamentos de Gasolina: O problema é grave?" 6078: 5585: 5101: 4502: 4024: 3999: 3857: 3014: 2986: 2827: 2716: 1719:

producing over 1600 hp when running on biofuel, as compared to 1280 hp on 95

1593: 1359:. In September 2009, Honda launched a second flexible-fuel motorcycle, the on-off-road 754: 670: 498: 490: 367: 324: 313: 156: 10402: 8947: 7586: 6079:"Livina, primeiro carro flex da Nissan chega com preços entre R$ 46.690 e R$ 56.690" 5663:[Toyota confirms production of the first flex-fuel hybrid in Brazil in 2019]. 4098: 3527: 3510: 2281:. Other models available in the UK are the Ford C-Max Flexi-Fuel, and the Saab models 421:(1.7 million), and Brazil (1.6 million). Natural gas vehicles are a popular choice as 203:, there have been successful test programs with methanol flex-fuel vehicles, known as 10960: 10826: 10673: 10597: 10529: 10454: 10234: 9458: 9156:"GM to launch 18 flexible fuel vehicles including Hummer, Chevrolet and Caddy models" 9047: 8936:

Number of stations in leading states complemented with search on www.e85refueling.com

8236: 7728: 7460: 7157: 7146: 6704: 6405: 6393: 6368: 6335: 6308: 6210: 6156: 5550: 5408: 5402: 5205:"Astra é líder no segmento dos compactos em 2004: As versões do Chevrolet Astra 2005" 4715: 4492: 4454: 4035: 3959: 3870: 3582: 3389: 2888: 2294: 2170:, and five Volvo models are also available in the German market by 2008. Since 2011, 1666:, and also let to the 2006 government's commitment to eliminate oil imports by 2020. 1561: 1270: 638: 507: 441: 289: 223: 9624: 8496:"What is the best fuel for my car? A guide to different fuel types | RAC Drive" 6347: 6160: 5915: 5824: 5757: 5690: 4506: 3420:

Selected regions:Brazil, May 2019, Sweden, January 2008, and United States, May 2019

1343:

The Honda Biz 125 flex is one of the five flex-fuel motorcycles available in Brazil.

10851: 10831: 10798: 10651: 10602: 10574: 10472: 10249: 10244: 10191: 9678: 7083:[Flex engines require more efficiency] (in Portuguese). Automotive Business 6456: 6385: 6325: 6127: 5857: 5320: 5025: 4714:(in Portuguese). Centro Nacional de Referência em Biomassa (Cenbio). Archived from 4484: 3101: 2974: 2936: 2876: 2777: 2175: 2171: 1709: 1701: 607: 591: 557: 414: 195: 180: 6352:

Originally published online in Science Express on 7 February 2008. See Letters to

11028: 11018: 10908: 10544: 10074:

As of August 2011 there were 2,450 E85 stations and 307 flex fuel installations.

8603: 6949: 6816: 6791: 6767: 6730: 5714:

Hunt, V, D, The Gasohol Handbook, Industrial Press Inc., 1981, pp 9, 420,421, 442

5665: 5398: 4481:

Ethanol vehicle cold start improvement when using a hydrogensupplemented E85 fuel

4389: 3874: 3676: 2939:, announced plans to install Australia's first commercial E85 fuel pumps, one in 2115: 1213: 587: 506:

was initially expected to be flex-fuel-capable in 2013, but it was not produced.

453: 437: 398: 293: 168: 164: 35: 10018:"Anuário Estatístico Brasileiro do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis 2008" 9320: 8331: 2203:

and the Mondeo flexifuel models. Saab and Volvo also have E85 models available.

1339: 832: 10938: 10928: 10846: 10710: 10641: 10579: 9424:. Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers' Association. 21 November 2007. Archived from 9130:"Letter to Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives" 8831: 8378:"Los Saab Aero 2009 incorporarán la tecnología BioPower, que utiliza bioetanol" 7407:"Honda comemora 3 milhões de motos flex produzidas com edição especial FlexOne" 5509: 3823: 3433: 3395: 2950: 2913: 2834: 2831: 2823: 2720: 2249: 2147: 2024: 1880: 1748: 1655: 1565: 1285: 799: 705: 694: 622: 519: 502: 481: 477: 466: 331: 208: 160: 43: 9835:"Volvo launches flex fuel S80 and C30 in Thailand to go with new E85 stations" 8473: 7295:[Today just 23% of flex fuel cars are using ethanol] (in Portuguese). 7037:[Brazil reaches 20 million flex fuel cars] (in Portuguese). UOL Carros 4703:<Please add first missing authors to populate metadata.> (August 2008). 4488: 1669: 11058: 11033: 10965: 10943: 10803: 10715: 10612: 10564: 10534: 10495: 10298: 10288: 9915: 9186: 9103: 8623: 6735: 6590: 5790: 5611: 5532:"Detroit Auto Show: It's here. GM's plug-in hybrid is the Chevy Volt Concept" 4814: 4781: 4558:"When is E85 not 85 percent ethanol? When it's E70 with an E85 sticker on it" 3940: 3891: 3739: 3703: 3641: 3442: 3404: 3206: 2842: 2671: 1720: 1255: 778: 595: 530: 511: 216: 152: 10407: 9652:"Polémica por decreto que impone el uso de combustible con un 85% de etanol" 7585:. Environmental and Health Administration, City of Stockholm. Archived from 7007: 6426:. Environmental Information Administration. 22 February 2006. Archived from 6389: 6330: 6303: 6125: 3628: 2159: 1712:, is currently the fastest and most powerful flexible fuel vehicle with its 199:

to flex-fuel vehicles running with ethanol, in Europe and the US, mainly in

10923: 10788: 10768: 10753: 10688: 10629: 10617: 10303: 10138:"National Survey Reveals Ignorance about Ethanol Runs High among Consumers" 9884: 7296: 6556: 6397: 6339: 5782: 4911: 4811:"Volks lança sistema que elimina tanquinho de gasolina para partida a frio" 4136: 3984: 3969: 3964: 3831: 3793: 3789: 3633: 3593: 3010: 2846: 2740: 2167: 1713: 1624: 1310: 1302: 1289: 774: 658: 634: 570: 553: 526: 433: 148: 96: 92: 9593:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Minas y Energía. 31 March 2009. Archived from 6515: 6196:

Original source: 1996 North American International Auto Show Press Release

5073: 4842: 4448: 3695: 3270:

In 2007, most Swedish ethanol was imported, with a high share from Brazil.

1577: 817:

in the United States was stimulated by the discovery in the late 90s that

646: 462: 440:

2.0 with a "MultiPower" engine built on flex fuel technology developed by

226:), North American and European flex-fuel vehicles are optimized to run on 87: 10773: 10487: 10464: 10318: 10308: 10276: 10266: 8827:"The CAFE Numbers Game: Making Sense of the New Fuel-Economy Regulations" 8749:"AFVI: Ford confirms that all 2008 police interceptors will be flex-fuel" 5635: 3835: 3827: 3814: 3681: 3671: 3663: 3637: 3125: 2861: 2736: 2659: 2290: 2155: 2151: 1952: 1928: 1553: 1348: 787: 770: 522: 212: 8205: 8146: 7758: 5181:(in Portuguese). Institutio Brasileiro de Petroleo e Gas. Archived from 4731:

Ano 2, No. 3 (every article is presented in both English and Portuguese)

4390:"Flexible Fuel Vehicles: Providing a Renewable Fuel Choice (Fact Sheet)" 10335: 10330: 10271: 10261: 7860: 6301: 5319:(in Portuguese). Casa Civil da Presidência da República. Archived from 4603: 3861: 3810: 3806: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3752: 3720: 3699: 3667: 3659: 3650: 3256: 3129: 3117: 2921: 2917: 2801:(USDA) issued a rule in May 2011 to include flexible fuel pumps in the 2655: 2200: 1581: 1228: 814: 737: 721: 662: 579: 574: 449: 346: 273: 240: 200: 191: 187: 124: 9956:"Frota de veículos cresce 119% em dez anos no Brasil, aponta Denatran" 7324:"Honda Begins Sales of Flex Fuel Motorcycle CG150 TITAN MIX in Brazil" 7058:"Com vendas em queda, idade média de veículos volta a subir no Brasil" 6539:

Only includes vehicles "made available" for sale or lease of a new AFV

3908:

List of currently produced flexible-fuel vehicles in the United States

2978:

plans to increase to 100 metropolitan and regional locations in 2011.

1216:, the first flex fuel model without an auxiliary tank for cold start. 729: 10953: 10948: 10933: 10758: 10730: 10725: 10515: 10510: 10446: 9005: 8859: 6524:. Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center. Archived from 5661:"Toyota confirma produção do primeiro híbrido flex no Brasil em 2019" 5167:

See this article for a comprehensive evaluation of the Astra Tri-fuel

4971: 3866: 3852: 3848: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3646: 3514: 3293:

The Brazilian fleet includes over 6.0 million flex fuel motorcycles.

3140: 3136: 2944: 2880: 2786: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2228: 2143: 1716: 1705: 1674: 1628: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1569: 1297:

vehicle segments except sports cars, off-road vehicles and minivans.

822: 698: 429: 418: 353: 277: 231: 31: 9422:"Listing of Flexible Fuel Vehicles Available in the Canadian market" 5293:(in Portuguese). Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento 5100:. International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles. Archived from 4555: 3920: 3537: 2214:

flexible fuel vehicle commercially available in the European market.

432:

vehicles are capable of operating with more than two fuels. In 2004

11023: 10818: 10808: 9183:"House members introduce technology-neutral Open Fuel Standard Act" 8772: 8596:"Obama's fuel-efficiency push may lead fleets to use more gasoline" 3879: 3690: 3686: 3093: 3080: 3034: 2932: 2712: 2286: 2282: 1638: 1627:

was introduced with E85 compatible engines, and Volvo launched the

1620: 1604: 1573: 1243: 1236: 678: 626: 534: 458: 391: 390:

has also been blended with gasoline in flex-fuel vehicles known as

387: 281: 204: 144: 104: 100: 9744:

Paraguai lança programa de estímulo a carros "flex" (8 May 2008).

9701:"Paraguai pode ser o primeiro destino dos carros "flex" do Brasil" 8045:"Volvo Goes Green: BioEthanol 'FlexiFuel' Cars Launched in Europe" 7887:"Schweiz: E85 mit besserer Ökobilanz als herkömmliche Treibstoffe" 7104:"Brazil Institute Special Report: The Global Dynamics of Biofuels" 6882:[GM launches the 2004 Corsa 1.8 with "Flexpower" engine]. 5303:

This decree fixed the mandatory blend at 25% starting July 1, 2007

4364: 10892: 10872: 10742: 10607: 10477: 10219: 10209: 9264: 8974:"USDA issues rule to provide incentives to install blender pumps" 7634: 6907: 6453:"Industry Statistics: Annual World Ethanol Production by Country" 6025:"Produção de Automóveis por Tipo e Combustível – 2010(Tabela 10)" 5608:"Lotus unveils range-extended electric city car concept in Paris" 5207:(in Portuguese). Journal Express. 18 January 2005. Archived from 3934: 3802: 3519: 3144: 3002: 2958: 2728: 2700: 2163: 2127: 2107: 2000: 1904: 1832: 1808: 1663: 1589: 1321:

ethanol program. These facts, together with the mandatory use of

1266: 1224: 795: 765: 713: 709: 674: 422: 410: 360: 256: 236: 176: 10158: 9723:"Paraguay dará el paso decisivo a la era del alcohol carburante" 7834: 6051: 4170: 3522:

to 3% in Utah. See more US price comparisons for most states at

3501:

Brazil, May 2019, Sweden, May 2019, and United States, May 2019.

2231:, making necessary to deploy an official E85 fueling station in 2089:

Note: Only countries with ten or more E85 stations are included.

1596:

took the offer and began importing the flexifuel version of its

1557: 552:

universities, and a prototype was tested for six months using a

207:

flex-fuel vehicles. There have been also successful tests using

11013: 10763: 10214: 9916:

Stacy C. Davis; Susan W. Diegel; Robert G. Boundy (June 2011).

8923: 8624:

Stacy C. Davis; Susan W. Diegel; Robert G. Boundy (July 2014).

8593: 7109:. Brazil Institute of the Woodrow Wilson Center. Archived from 4453:. Prairie Oak Publishing, Maryville, Missouri. pp. 56–61. 3819: 3467: 3459: 3452: 3414: 3193: 3180: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3006: 2991: 2966: 2962: 2940: 2727:

E85 flex-fuel vehicles are becoming increasingly common in the

2232: 2191: 2048: 1856: 1784: 1607:, joined in 2006 by its 9-5 2.3 Biopower. Volvo introduced its 733: 725: 541: 8508: 7382:(in Portuguese). MotoDriver. 17 September 2009. Archived from 6830:"Álcool ou Gasolina? Saiba qual escolher quando for abastecer" 6587:"Motos flex foram as mais vendidas em 2009 na categoria 150cc" 4209:[Final registrations in 2012] (in Swedish). Bil Sweden 3378:. Brazil and US as of 2008-09-12, and Sweden as of 2008-06-30. 3336:

Brazil for December 2007, the US and Sweden as of August 2011.

7327: 7101: 6781: 6272: 4645:"FAQs: Do ethanol cars really start when it is cold outside?" 3886: 3844: 3798: 3761: 3446: 3437: 3408: 3399: 3295: 3264: 3121: 3022: 3018: 2732: 2245: 2196: 2123: 2072: 1585: 1352: 717: 586:. However, cheaper oil caused gasoline to prevail, until the 339: 8894: 8400:"First 'Green' Ford Focus Flexi-Fuel Car Arrives In Britain" 7724:"This is the Koenigsegg Jesko, the world's first 300mph car" 7434:"Honda chega a 4 milhões de Motos Flex Produzidas no Brasil" 7143: 3523: 2674:. Many of the models available in the market are trucks and 8544: 7954:. Bio-Ethanol (E85) en Belgique. 8 May 2007. Archived from 6541:

Click to download the Excel file "10299_AFV_available.xlsx.

4849:"Alternative and Advanced Vehicles: Flexible Fuel Vehicles" 4556:

Ethanol Promotion; Information Council (27 February 2007).

4064:"Carro flex chega aos 15 anos com 30,5 milhões de unidades" 3883: 3618:

List of currently produced flexible-fuel vehicles in Brazil

3068: 3064: 2187: 2119: 1615:

with flexible-fuel engines, joined in late 2006 by the new

682: 445: 140: 9100:"Carro híbrido Volt da GM deveria incluir tecnologia flex" 7889:(in German). Schweizer Bauer. 23 June 2008. Archived from 7035:"Brasil chega aos 20 milhões de motores flex, diz Anfavea" 5845: 4066:[Flex car arrives at 15 with 30.5 million units]. 544:

announced the development of the world's first commercial

10783: 8444:"About Ford FFV – a small change making a big difference" 6757: 6365: 4874: 3385: 3304:

Share of flex-fuel vehicles as % of total registered

3229: 3224: 2998: 2970: 2857: 2667: 2663: 1735: 1642: 327: 309: 227: 8860:

Michael Bredehoeft; Mindi Farber-DeAnda (7 March 2014).

8775:"Dual-Fuel Vehicles Open Mileage Loophole for Carmakers" 8773:

Alexei Barrionuevo; Micheline Maynard (31 August 2006).

8701:. About.com: Hybrid Cars & Alt Fuels. Archived from 8098:"Stillborn: French gas stations chain stops selling E85" 7757:. Koenigsegg Automotive AB. 7 March 2019. Archived from 7528: 7352: 7182:"ANP: consumo de álcool combustível é 50% maior em 2007" 6234:"Why is ethanol given emphasis over methanol in Sweden?" 5260:(in French). Caradisiac. 1 November 2007. Archived from 2973:

ethanol fuel called Bio E-Flex, designed for use in the

9654:(in Spanish). Portafolio. 24 April 2009. Archived from 9620:"Decreto que aumenta el uso de etanol prendió polémica" 8174:(in German). e85.biz. 16 September 2008. Archived from 7577: 6153:"Cars On Alcohol, Part 9: Corn Based Ethanol in the US" 6126:

Henry Xavier Corseuil; Marcus Sal Molin Marins (1997).

5455:"Hybrids Running on E85 Ethanol Fuel: 5 Things to Know" 4604:

Vägverket (Swedish Road Administration) (30 May 2007).

4287:"The Methanol Story: A Sustainable Fuel for the Future" 4099:"Alternative Fuels Data Center: Flexible Fuel Vehicles" 3355:

As % of total fueling gas stations in the country.

3154: 2845:. If successful, GM would adapt the Volt to operate on 1645:

model introduced by Saab in the Swedish market in 2007.

501:, which runs on gasoline or E85. GM announced that the 8696: 8042: 6052:

Adam Lashinsky; Nelson D. Schwartz (24 January 2006).

5125:"Forecast: 17M Natural Gas Vehicles Worldwide by 2015" 4314: 582:

continued to advocate for ethanol as fuel even during

10161:"Imposto põe gasolina brasileira entre as mais caras" 10159:

Daniel Bergamasco; Roberto Machado (27 August 2008).

9746:"Paraguai lança programa de estímulo a carros "flex"" 9538:. IOGEN Corporation. 17 December 2005. Archived from 9454:"Biofuels help environment, but they're hard to find" 8573:"GM, Ford announce E15 compatibility with new models" 8355:"Spain adding flex-fuel capability to official fleet" 6479:"Changing the Climate: Ethanol Industry Outlook 2008" 6302:

Timothy Searchinger; et al. (29 February 2008).

5818: 4851:. Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center 4449:

Goettemoeller, Jeffrey; Adrian Goettemoeller (2007).

4367:. Institute for the Analysis of Global Security. 2003 4319:. About.com:Hybrid Cars and Alt Fuels. Archived from 4021: 2703:

for example, E70 is sold as E85 from October to May.

681:, after testing with several prototypes developed by 573:, produced from 1908 through 1927, was fitted with a 9923:. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 9679:"Introducing New Zealand's First Flexi-Fuel Vehicle" 9376:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 24 March 2010 9208:"Bipartisan Group Introduces Open Fuel Standard Act" 9068:"GM vai trazer Volt para o Brasil para fazer testes" 9001:"USDA offers incentives to boost E-85 flex fuel use" 8922:. National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition. Archived from 8631:. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 8570: 8520:, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 8509:

Stacy C. Davis & Robert G. Boundy (April 2020).

8067:"Saab brings flexi-fuel and style to new 9-3 models" 7287: 7211:(in Portuguese). Agropecuária Brasil. Archived from 6908:

Francisco Posada; Cristiano Façanha (October 2015).

6723: 6678:"Anúario da Indústria Brasileira de Duas Rodas 2013" 5941:"Volkswagen to stop making gas-only cars for Brazil" 5404:

Plug-in Hybrids: The Cars that will Recharge America

3916: 3162:

Comparison of key characteristics among the leading

1334:

Brazilian ethanol industry crisis that began in 2009

859:

Ethanol flex-fuel motor vehicle production in Brazil

838: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9158:. Live Wire Edition. 22 August 2008. Archived from 7952:"Etat des choses dans différents pays (avril 2007)" 6945:"Brasil alcança marca de 10 milhões de carros flex" 6239:. Chalmers University of Technology. Archived from 6081:(in Portuguese). Car Magazine Online. 18 March 2009 5547:"GM Chevrolet Volt Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle" 5407:. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, Canada. 5375:(in Portuguese). TDenavagari.com.br. Archived from 5342: 5232:"Fiat Siena Tetra Power: Your Choice of Four Fuels" 4103:

Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center

2658:there are about 70 vehicles E85 capable, including 1242:Brazilian flex cars are capable of running on just 10135: 9676: 9027:Division, US EPA, OAR, OTAQ, Compliance; EPA, US. 8726:"More gas cap news: Chrysler going yellow for E85" 7929:Only Morrison Supermarkets BioEthanol E85 reported 7321: 7209:"ANP estima que consumo de álcool supere gasolina" 7145: 6806:Alternative Fuel Efficiencies in Miles per Gallon. 5976:(in Portuguese). Wolkswagen Brazil. Archived from 5074:Alternative Fuels; Advanced Vehicles Data Center. 4023: 3607:List of flexible-fuel vehicles by car manufacturer 3526:, and annual fuel costs for 2008 FFV US models at 3147:will have E85 fuel available. In October 2009 the 2747: 1185:Motorcycles: ABRACICLO 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. 9773: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9514:"UPI Energy LP Opens Third E85 Station in Canada" 7811:"Search tool to locate E85 in European countries" 7233: 7102:Daniel Budny and Paulo Sotero, ed. (April 2007). 6680:[Two Wheels Brazilian Industry Yearbook] 6054:"How to Beat the High Cost of Gasoline. Forever!" 5478: 5476: 5229: 5223: 4705:"Here comes the 'Flex' vehicles third generation" 4284: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4030:. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, England. pp. 3538:List of currently produced flexible-fuel vehicles 2122:0.80, diesel at €1.15, and gasoline at €1.30 per 1351:. The first flex-fuel motorcycle was launched by 673:, the first vehicle capable of running with pure 11056: 9953: 9904: 9810:. Biofuel Digest. 29 August 2008. Archived from 9076:(in Portuguese). 10 January 2011. Archived from 8862:"E85 fueling station availability is increasing" 8617: 8594:Angela Greiling Keane; Jeff Green (5 May 2011). 8502: 7404: 7206: 6207:"Cars On Alcohol, Part 13: GM Supports FlexFuel" 5581:"Sorting Myth From Fact as Volt Makes Its Debut" 5578: 4748:"Bosch investe na segunda geração do motor flex" 4522: 3361:Ethanol fueling stations per million inhabitants 2849:, as most new cars sold in Brazil are flex-fuel. 1631:with a 2.5-litre turbocharged Flexifuel engine. 10403:US Department of Energy: Flexible Fuel Vehicles 10059:. Growth Energy. 26 August 2011. Archived from 9748:(in Portuguese). O Globo Online. Archived from 9492:"Biofuel cars have nowhere to gas up in Canada" 9258: 8511:"Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 38.1" 8261: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8115: 7879: 7624: 7264: 7032: 6880:"GM lança Corsa 1.8 com motor "Flexpower" 2004" 6809:United States Energy Information Administration 5544: 5397: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5279: 4750:(in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. Archived from 4345:. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, USDoE 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 677:ethanol (E100) was launched to the market, the 10152: 10110: 10108: 10106: 10083: 10081: 9855: 9832: 9764: 9564:. Biofuels Canada. August 2007. Archived from 9270:"Going Global – 2015 Ehtanol Industry Outlook" 9210:. Biofuels Journal. 4 May 2011. Archived from 8352: 7997: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7627:"A Blueprint for Green Energy in the Americas" 7293:"Etanol é usado hoje em apenas 23% dos carros" 7179: 7078: 6942: 5821:"Brazil's Ethanol Program – An Insider's View" 5473: 5148: 4745: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4224: 4189: 3476:Price economy ethanol/gasoline price as % 1543:Sources: 2001–2010 BioAlcohol Fuel Foundation, 1183:: Cars and light trucks: ANFAVEA (2003–2017). 10437: 10423: 10382: 10051: 10049: 9985:European Automobile Manufacturers Association 9918:"Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 30" 9588:"Decreto Número 1135 del 31 de Marzo de 2009" 9489: 9451: 9232: 8768: 8766: 8655: 8626:"Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 33" 8257: 8255: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7694: 7666:"Projects across Europe: The Swedish example" 7494: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7478: 6918:International Council on Clean Transportation 6671: 6669: 6642: 6640: 6614: 6612: 6580: 6578: 6484:. Renewable Fuels Association. Archived from 6455:. Renewable Fuels Association. Archived from 5997: 5995: 5884: 5652: 5457:. GreenCar.com. 16 March 2009. Archived from 5431:. HybridCarBlog. 11 June 2007. Archived from 5153:(in Portuguese). UOL Car Sale. Archived from 5122: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4875:Dominik Rutz; Rainer Jansen (February 2007). 4805: 4803: 4771: 4769: 4698: 4696: 4582:. Interesting Energy Facts. 23 September 2008 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 2636:Note: * Net increase is new FFVs manufactured 9180: 9052:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8939: 8824: 8375: 8316: 8264:"Ford expands the Mondeo options with Flexi" 8112: 7910: 7908: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7529:Volvo Cars Press Release (8 November 2006). 7459:. BioAlcohol Fuel Foundation. Archived from 7425: 7398: 7353:Reese Ewing; Lisa Shumaker (29 April 2009). 7227: 6853:"Saiba o que fazer para economizar gasolina" 6709:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6005:(in Portuguese). ParanaOnline. 30 March 2006 5968: 5966: 5935: 5933: 5781: 5623: 5621: 5276: 4892:See definition in Glossary and Abbreviations 4775: 4384: 4382: 4263: 4169:. BioAlcohol Fuel Foundation. Archived from 4125: 4123: 3092:In 2006, tax incentives were established in 2928:provided the E85 blend fuel for this trial. 2822:In 2008, Ford delivered the first flex-fuel 2651:2005, and rose to 7.3 million in 2008. 1689:bonus to buyers of FFVs, exemption from the 10857:Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle 10103: 10078: 10010: 9628:(in Spanish). 25 April 2009. Archived from 9447: 9445: 9443: 9318: 9132:. e85fuel. 9 September 2008. Archived from 8855: 8853: 8294:"Flexible-fuel: A new innovation from Ford" 8043:Motoring Channel Staff (16 November 2006). 7993: 7991: 7699:. Ethanol Producer Magazine. Archived from 7652: 7571: 7524: 7522: 7503:. Ethanol Producer Magazine. Archived from 7355:"Motorcycle joins Brazil's biofueled fleet" 7200: 7173: 7072: 7026: 6995: 6903: 6901: 6544: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6231: 5906: 5904: 5777: 5775: 5574: 5572: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4677:. Ethanol Producer Magazine. Archived from 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4518: 4516: 4478: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4017: 4015: 3342:Ethanol filling stations as % of total 3253:Main feedstock used for ethanol consumption 2808: 2307:Flexible-fuel vehicles in the United States 1726: 280:car designed to run as a flex-fuel on pure 10430: 10416: 10389: 10375: 10347:Nuclear power proposed as renewable energy 10046: 10005:See pp. 12 Table 10: Total vehicles in use 9880:"Mitsubishi launches flexible-fuel Lancer" 9802: 9800: 9703:(in Portuguese). UOL Economia. 24 May 2007 8998: 8879: 8792: 8763: 8746: 8690: 8662:Davis; et al. (2011). "op. cit": 2–6. 8369: 8252: 8227: 8225: 8223: 8089: 7933: 7688: 7475: 7346: 7152:. Island Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 7139: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7081:"Motores flex precisam de mais eficiência" 6801: 6799: 6777: 6775: 6684:(in Portuguese). ABRACICLO. Archived from 6666: 6637: 6609: 6575: 6359: 6181: 5992: 5628:Barbiéri, Luiz Felipe (13 December 2018). 5311: 5309: 4964: 4910:. Sustainable Green Fleets. Archived from 4895: 4800: 4766: 4693: 4672: 4668: 4666: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4407: 4239: 3079:Government officials and businessmen from 3037:government enacted a mandate to introduce 813:The demand for ethanol fuel produced from 9485: 9483: 9481: 8723: 8587: 8202:"Flexible Fuel Vehicles (FFV) in Germany" 8022:"Ford is flex-fuel top seller in Germany" 8000:"Ford is flex-fuel top seller in Germany" 7916:"E85 Pump stations map locator in the UK" 7905: 7773: 7663: 7498: 7267:"Etanol é usado em 65% da frota flexível" 7184:(in Portuguese). Invertia. Archived from 6850: 6827: 6584: 6329: 6295: 5963: 5930: 5861: 5846:Julieta Andrea Puerto Rico (8 May 2008). 5814: 5812: 5618: 5538: 5347:(in Portuguese). WebMotor. Archived from 5345:"Siena Tetrafuel vai custar R$ 41,9 mil" 5291:"Portaria Nº 143, de 27 de Junho de 2007" 5258:"Nouvelle Fiat Siena 2008: sans complexe" 4838: 4836: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4379: 4120: 3216:Type of flexible-fuel vehicle (fuel used) 10163:(in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo Online 9677:Ford press release (14 September 2006). 9440: 8850: 8571:Susanne Retka Schill (17 October 2012). 8161: 7988: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7519: 6936: 6898: 6724:João Gabriel de Lima (1 February 2006). 6717: 6504: 6071: 6017: 5901: 5772: 5658: 5627: 5569: 5116: 4953: 4863: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4542: 4513: 4129: 4086: 4048: 4012: 3733: 3588: 3577: 3470:, May 2019, and United States, May 2019. 2985: 2851: 2771: 2705: 2205: 2099:offering flexifuel autos in the region. 1668: 1633: 1338: 1260: 1218: 764: 616: 318: 303: 267: 86: 9858:"Thailand Introduces First E85 Vehicle" 9797: 9370:"Govt backs plan for bio-ethanol plant" 9341: 9298:"GM Begins Saab E85 Trial in Australia" 9026: 8538: 8220: 7808: 7553:"About Volvo Corporation 2007 and 2008" 7531:"Volvo Expands Range of FlexiFuel Cars" 7144:Inslee, Jay; Bracken Hendricks (2007). 7128: 7095: 6969: 6796: 6772: 6045: 5723: 5484:"Ford Delivers Flex Fuel Hybrid to DOE" 5391: 5306: 5176: 5170: 4663: 4467: 4242:"Nyregistreringar december 2014 (prel)" 3323:Ethanol fueling stations in the country 2210:The Ford Focus flexifuel was the first 14: 11057: 10136:Harris Interactive (22 January 2007). 9947: 9725:(in Spanish). ABC Digital. 21 May 2008 9562:"Canadian roadways grow eager for E85" 9478: 9235:"ZUBRIN: Open standards for auto fuel" 8866:U.S. Energy Information Administration 8169:"Bioethanoltankstellen in Deutschland" 7715: 6421:"Eliminating MTBE in Gasoline in 2006" 6003:"Volkswagen lança Golf Total Flex 1.6" 5863:10.11606/D.86.2007.tde-07052008-115336 5819:Milton Briquet Bastos (20 June 2007). 5809: 5179:"Montadores Investem nos Carros á GNV" 4833: 4734: 4599: 4597: 4395:. U.S. Department of Energy. June 2008 4204: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4061: 3276:Total flex-fuel vehicles produced/sold 3164:ethanol flexible-fuel vehicle markets 2826:as part of a demonstration project, a 2817: 10411: 9954:Ardilhes Moreira (13 February 2011). 9300:. Green Car Congress. 17 January 2007 8661: 8422:"Volvo increases its Flexifuel range" 8233:"Ireland discovers the whey to go..." 8095: 8024:. Green Car Congress. 8 February 2008 7605: 7457:"FFV-Vehicles: Environmental class 1" 7431: 7269:(in Portuguese). Diario do Grande ABC 7265:Wagner Oliveira (30 September 2009). 7055: 6877: 6650:[2011 Motorcycle Production] 6522:"On Road AFVs Made Available by Year" 6516:National Renewable Energy Laboratory 6471: 6445: 6258: 6093: 5486:. Fuel and Food America. 12 June 2008 5090: 5050:. Biofuel Marketplace. Archived from 4996:. Biofuel Marketplace. Archived from 4936:. Biofuel Marketplace. Archived from 4843:National Renewable Energy Laboratory 4630: 4611:. European Commission. Archived from 3585:(Brazilian version, known as "Kombi") 2793:for each dedicated ethanol tank. The 1292:followed three months later with the 8945: 8564: 8129:"Sweden prices of gasoline may 2019" 7978:"Stations – E85 – stations – Search" 7322:Honda News Release (11 March 2003). 6855:(in Portuguese). IGF. Archived from 5875:Ph.D. Dissertation Thesis, pp. 81-82 5659:Fagundes, Dyogo (13 December 2018). 5579:Norman Mayersohn (15 October 2010). 5370: 5343:Agência AutoInforme (19 June 2006). 5230:Christine Lepisto (27 August 2006). 4289:. Methanol Institute. Archived from 4164: 3541: 3155:Comparison among the leading markets 2965:, Veolia Environmental Services and 2642:National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1196:, flex, and diesel-powered vehicles. 669:. In 1979, and as a response to the 525:designed for flex-fuel operation on 95:'s engine was capable of running on 48: 9888:. 16 September 2009. Archived from 9856:Michelle Kautz (27 November 2008). 8353:Xavier Navarro (30 December 2007). 7721: 7405:Leonardo Andrade (8 October 2013). 7001: 6550: 5839: 5688: 5600: 5545:Kellen Schefter (10 January 2007). 5429:"Ford delivers E85 hybrid vehicles" 5010:See definition of Dual-Fuel Vehicle 4594: 4572: 4365:"Alternative Fuels: P-series fuels" 4151: 4132:"Why hybrid car sales are stalling" 2682:(12 L/100 km; 24 mpg 386:(E100) or any combination of both. 27:Vehicle that runs on multiple fuels 24: 10089:"Brasil Preços da gasolina, litro" 9978:"European Motor Vehicle Parc 2008" 9833:Sam Abuelsamid (2 December 2008). 9452:Kathryn Young (23 February 2008). 9342:Hassall, David (9 November 2007). 8846:From the print edition of C&D. 8262:Michael Moroney (20 August 2008). 8073:. 21 November 2007. Archived from 7998:Xavier Navarro (10 January 2008). 7555:. Volvo Cars. 2008. Archived from 5691:"Ethanol fuel: Journey to Forever" 4207:"Definitiva nyregistreringar 2012" 3901: 2902: 2142:Biofuel emphasis in Germany is on 1239:flex fuel vehicles too expensive. 819:methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) 452:, a four-fuel car developed under 25: 11091: 10664:Electric motorcycles and scooters 10178: 9779:"Thailand fuels: Thai indecision" 9490:Kathryn Young (1 November 2007). 9106:. 14 January 2011. Archived from 8948:"Renewable Fuels Face Bumpy Road" 8747:Abuelsamid, Sam (28 March 2007). 8330:. The Maxol Group. Archived from 7697:"Ethanol use increases in Sweden" 6209:. Green Car. 1995. Archived from 5885:William Lemos (5 February 2007). 5149:Rafaela Borges (25 August 2004). 5123:Pike Research (19 October 2009). 5064:See definition of Bi-fuel Vehicle 5019: 4523:Gregory W. Davis (11 June 2001). 2739:and is the primary feedstock for 2322:E85 FFVs Manufactured and in Use 2317:Ethanol fuel in the United States 2239: 2178:with a 1.6l 16v flexfuel engine. 839:Flexible-fuel vehicles by country 139:designed to run on more than one 10198: 10129: 10057:"New E85 and Flex Fuel Stations" 9970: 9872: 9849: 9826: 9737: 9715: 9693: 9670: 9644: 9612: 9580: 9554: 9528: 9506: 9414: 9388: 9362: 9335: 9312: 9290: 9226: 9200: 9174: 9148: 9122: 9092: 9060: 9020: 8992: 8966: 8946:Hess, Glen (17 September 2007). 8912: 8818: 8740: 8717: 8488: 8462: 8436: 8414: 8392: 8376:Europa Press (28 October 2008). 8346: 8286: 8194: 8135: 8059: 8036: 8014: 7970: 7853: 7827: 7823:This tool works in ten languages 7743: 7578:BEST Cities and Regions (2009). 7545: 7454: 7448: 7372: 7315: 7281: 7258: 7234:D. Sean Shurtleff (7 May 2008). 7169:See Chapter 6. Homegrown Energy. 7049: 7033:Fernando Calmon (28 June 2013). 5823:. Energy Tribune. Archived from 5724:English, Andrew (25 July 2008). 5151:"Testes: Astra Sedan Multipower" 5098:"Natural Gas Vehicle Statistics" 4712:Revista Brasileira de BioEnergia 4702: 4317:"P-series Fuel 101: What is it?" 4026:Sustainable Automobile Transport 4022:Ryan, Lisa; Turton, Hal (2007). 3933: 3919: 3546: 3199: 3186: 3173: 2803:Rural Energy for America Program 2638:discounted by the survival rate. 2300: 2289:Flex-Fuel Biopower, and the new 2065: 2041: 2017: 1993: 1969: 1945: 1921: 1897: 1873: 1849: 1825: 1801: 1777: 1741: 1641:SportCombi BioPower. The second 850:Flexible-fuel vehicles in Brazil 808:indirect land use change impacts 107:, or a mixture of the first two. 53: 10711:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 10358:Topics by country and territory 8952:Chemical & Engineering News 8920:"E85 Refueling Location Search" 7631:Inter-American Development Bank 7236:"Brazil's energy plan examined" 7180:Agência Brasil (15 July 2008). 6953:(in Portuguese). Archived from 6943:Agência Estado (4 March 2010). 6871: 6844: 6821: 6751: 6734:(in Portuguese). Archived from 6413: 6225: 6199: 6175: 6145: 6119: 5947:. 23 March 2006. Archived from 5878: 5750: 5717: 5708: 5682: 5524: 5498: 5447: 5421: 5364: 5336: 5250: 5197: 5142: 5067: 5040: 5013: 4986: 4926: 4817:. 12 March 2009. Archived from 4746:Agência Estado (10 June 2008). 4357: 4335: 4130:Flavelle, Dana (19 June 2015). 4070:(in Portuguese). Archived from 4062:Curcio, Mário (23 March 2018). 3995:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 3704:SEAT Altea XL 1.6 MPI MultiFuel 3376:List of countries by population 2748:Barriers to widespread adoption 2324:in the United States 1998–2018 2091:For other countries search here 1623:line. In 2008 the Saab-derived 10593:Battery electric multiple unit 9319:Andrew Koch (13 August 2008). 8825:Tony Quiroga (November 2011). 8697:Christine Gable; Scott Gable. 7918:. Korridor.se with Google Maps 7079:Giovanna Riato (7 July 2015). 6828:JB Online (20 November 2007). 6275:. 28 June 2008. Archived from 6184:"Alternative Fuel Ford Taurus" 6041:Production up to December 2010 4315:Christine Gable; Scott Gable. 4308: 3058: 2758:Corporate Average Fuel Economy 857: 661:in favor of ethanol made from 263: 13: 1: 10694:Neighborhood Electric Vehicle 9516:. Domestic Fuel. 10 June 2008 9233:Robert Zubrin (2 July 2010). 8518:Oak Ridge National Laboratory 6585:Abraciclo (27 January 2010). 5887:"The Brazilian ethanol model" 4967:"'Flex-fuel' vehicles touted" 4877:"BioFuel Technology Handbook" 4343:"Alternative Fuels: P-series" 4240:Bil Sweden (2 January 2015). 4006: 3746: 2990:E85 flexible-fuel vehicle in 2678:getting less than 20 mpg 1662:regarding targets for use of 1192:(2) Total includes gasoline, 10983:Who Killed the Electric Car? 10779:Common ethanol fuel mixtures 10091:(in Portuguese). 23 May 2019 9987:. March 2010. Archived from 8724:John Neff (6 October 2006). 8550:"New Ethanol Video Released" 8402:. CarPages. 2 September 2005 7695:Brian Warshaw (April 2008). 6648:"Produção Motocicletas 2011" 6620:"Produção Motocicletas 2010" 6266:"Another Inconvenient Truth" 5234:. Treehugger. Archived from 3975:Common ethanol fuel mixtures 3700:SEAT Altea 1.6 MPI MultiFuel 3600: 3426:Retail price of gasoline or 3235:Brazil's mandatory blend is 3167: 2907: 2799:US Department of Agriculture 1658:but also sought to meet the 1173: 1167: 1161: 1156: 1150: 1144: 1139: 1133: 1127: 1122: 1116: 1110: 1105: 1099: 1093: 1088: 1082: 1076: 1071: 1065: 1059: 1054: 1048: 1042: 1037: 1031: 1025: 1020: 1014: 1008: 999: 993: 984: 978: 969: 963: 954: 948: 939: 933: 924: 918: 762:United Kingdom, and Canada. 7: 10997:Revenge of the Electric Car 10588:Battery-electric locomotive 10363:Marketing and policy trends 9783:Economist Intelligence Unit 9266:Renewable Fuels Association 9181:Eric Loveday (5 May 2011). 8999:Wendy Koch (8 April 2011). 8575:. Ethanol Producer Magazine 8546:Renewable Fuels Association 6182:Paul Dever (January 1996). 5024:. Motopoint. Archived from 4776:Quatro Rodas (March 2009). 4105:. U.S. Department of Energy 3912: 3696:SEAT León 1.6 MPI MultiFuel 3622: 3611: 3087: 3074: 3028: 2897:Renewable Fuels Association 1284:launched in the market the 1160: 1143: 1126: 1109: 1092: 1075: 1058: 1041: 1024: 1007: 992: 977: 962: 947: 932: 917: 655:Programa Nacional do Álcool 10: 11096: 9958:(in Portuguese). Globo.com 7722:Rix, Jack (5 March 2019). 6832:(in Portuguese). Opinaoweb 6782:http://www.eere.energy.gov 6654:(in Portuguese). ABRACICLO 6625:(in Portuguese). ABRACICLO 5852:(Thesis) (in Portuguese). 5726:"Ford Model T reaches 100" 4285:Roberta J Nichols (2003). 3905: 3615: 3604: 2955:Victorian state government 2310: 2304: 2252:10 to 15 reduction in the 2181: 2137: 1660:2003 EU Biofuels Directive 1387:Sales by year (2001–2014) 1385:Flexi-fuel sales in Sweden 1375: 847: 826:took place at a time when 614:, and government support. 564: 499:Ford Escape Plug-in Hybrid 489:produced 20 demonstration 137:internal combustion engine 29: 11006: 10990:What Is the Electric Car? 10974: 10901: 10865: 10837:Hydrogen-powered aircraft 10817: 10741: 10573: 10543: 10486: 10463: 10445: 10439:Alternative fuel vehicles 9925:U.S. Department of Energy 8800:"Bumpy Ride for Biofuels" 8633:U.S. Department of Energy 8522:U.S. Department of Energy 8424:. AutoeBid. 3 August 2007 8096:Echos, Les (8 May 2008). 7501:"FFVs flourish in Sweden" 7499:Eric Kroh (August 2008). 7207:Gazeta Mercantil (2008). 6851:InfoMoney (30 May 2007). 6790:January 28, 2016, at the 6292:Oxfam Briefing Paper 114. 6133:(in Portuguese). Amda.org 5854:Universidade de São Paulo 5177:GNVNews (November 2006). 5078:. US Department of Energy 4965:Ken Thomas (7 May 2007). 4673:Ron Kotrba (March 2008). 4489:10.1109/IECEC.2000.870702 3651:Fiat Aegea 1.6 16V E.torQ 3555:This section needs to be 3506: 3239:. Winter E85 is actually 3161: 2981: 2688:U.S. Department of Energy 2634: 2627: 2616: 2605: 2594: 2583: 2572: 2561: 2550: 2539: 2528: 2517: 2248:per liter, until 2010; a 2102: 2087: 1733: 1545:and 2011–2014 Bil Sweden. 1541: 1534: 1531: 1384: 1371: 1366: 1178: 843: 495:U.S. Department of Energy 62:This article needs to be 10699:Plug-in electric vehicle 10679:Gyro flywheel locomotive 10657:Battery electric vehicle 9346:. GoAuto. Archived from 8204:. e85biz. Archived from 8145:. e85biz. Archived from 7625:Garten Rothkopf (2007). 6815:August 21, 2008, at the 6766:August 21, 2008, at the 5734:. London. Archived from 5022:"Flexible Fuel Vehicles" 4882:. WIP Renewable Energies 4778:"Volkswagen Polo E-Flex" 3955:Battery electric vehicle 3709:Volvo C30 1.8F FlexiFuel 3647:Fiat 500X 1.6 16V E.torQ 3096:for the introduction of 3045: 2839:General Motors do Brasil 2809:Flex fuel conversion kit 2313:E85 in the United States 2221: 1727:Other European countries 1691:Stockholm congestion tax 804:greenhouse gas emissions 612:research and development 598:, gaseous fuels such as 255:gasoline and up to 100% 219:flexible-fuel vehicles. 133:alternative fuel vehicle 40:Alternative fuel vehicle 10919:Hybrid electric vehicle 10883:Liquid nitrogen vehicle 10878:Hybrid electric vehicle 10684:Hybrid electric vehicle 10647:Electric platform truck 10140:. Pavilion Technologies 10041:See Table 3.17, pp. 138 8450:. London. 2 August 2007 8380:(in Spanish). Cotizalia 6390:10.1126/science.1152747 6331:10.1126/science.1151861 5758:"Ethanol: Introduction" 4647:. SEKAB. Archived from 4580:"Ethanol fuel and cars" 3980:Ethanol fuel by country 3927:Renewable energy portal 3682:Peugeot 307 1.6 BioFlex 3430:. (local currency/unit) 407:liquefied petroleum gas 177:liquefied petroleum gas 11070:Flexible-fuel vehicles 11044:Zero-emissions vehicle 10560:Compressed-air vehicle 10501:Solar-powered aircraft 10324:Tidal stream generator 9344:"United stance on E85" 9323:. Bnews Melbourne Star 8675:Cite journal requires 8652:See Table 6.1 pp. 6–3. 7432:Staff (9 March 2015). 6878:Staff (28 June 2003). 6758:http://www.eia.doe.gov 6748:Print edition No. 1941 6159:. 1994. Archived from 5373:"Gás Natural Veicular" 5076:"Natural Gas Vehicles" 3950:Alternative propulsion 3871:Captiva 2.4 Ecotec E85 3743: 3629:Citroën C4 1.6 BioFlex 3597: 3586: 3098:compressed natural gas 2994: 2869:Open Fuel Standard Act 2864: 2781: 2724: 2676:sport-utility vehicles 2215: 1678: 1646: 1378:Ethanol fuel in Sweden 1344: 1277: 1232: 854:ethanol fuel in Brazil 798:fuel, which addresses 782: 781:blended with gasoline. 654: 642: 403:compressed natural gas 334: 316: 301: 173:compressed natural gas 108: 10914:Flexible-fuel vehicle 10842:Hydrogen-powered ship 10794:Flexible-fuel vehicle 10669:Electric kick scooter 6726:"A riqueza é o saber" 4950:See definition of FFV 4908:"Definition of Terms" 4847:(17 September 2007). 4167:"Bought ethanol cars" 4165:BAFF (January 2015). 3737: 3592: 3581: 3392:(local currency/unit) 2989: 2855: 2775: 2709: 2209: 2190:, a waste product of 1672: 1637: 1342: 1264: 1222: 1206:neat ethanol vehicles 1190:(1) Includes exports. 768: 623:VW Gol 1.6 Total Flex 620: 516:2010 Paris Motor Show 450:Fiat Siena Tetra fuel 322: 307: 271: 113:flexible-fuel vehicle 90: 11039:Wind-powered vehicle 10623:Battery electric bus 10284:Marine current power 10230:Crosswind kite power 9994:on 27 September 2011 9934:on 28 September 2011 9814:on 19 September 2008 9632:on 28 September 2015 9350:on 24 September 2008 9214:on 10 September 2011 9162:on 29 September 2008 9073:O Estado de S. Paulo 8699:"Yellow E85 gas cap" 8334:on 28 September 2011 8181:on 11 September 2008 7592:on 30 September 2010 7386:on 29 September 2009 7291:(14 November 2013). 7289:O Estado de S. Paulo 7240:The Washington Times 7056:Staff (4 May 2015). 6232:Maria Grahn (2004). 5980:on 15 September 2008 5787:"O petróleo da cana" 5760:. Journey to Forever 5238:on 19 September 2008 4074:on 25 September 2020 3875:Cruze 1.8 Ecotec E85 3149:Mitsubishi Lancer Ex 2795:Obama Administration 2166:, two models of the 1702:Koenigsegg Jesko 300 1282:Volkswagen do Brasil 1210:Volkswagen do Brasil 759:neat ethanol vehicle 409:(LPG; also known as 274:Fiat Siena Tetrafuel 147:blended with either 10888:Natural gas vehicle 10314:Sustainable biofuel 10225:Carbon-neutral fuel 10186:Part of a series on 9600:on 20 December 2009 9568:on 26 February 2009 9240:The Washington Post 9029:"Alternative Fuels" 8274:on 20 November 2008 8208:on 30 December 2008 8149:on 30 December 2008 7958:on 31 December 2012 7507:on 20 February 2009 7188:on 26 December 2008 6738:on 5 September 2008 6559:on 17 December 2018 6382:2008Sci...319.1235F 6376:(5867): 1235–1238. 6322:2008Sci...319.1238S 6316:(5867): 1238–1240. 5974:"A Nova Volkswagen" 5951:on 13 February 2009 5435:on 31 December 2009 5351:on 10 December 2008 5211:on 12 December 2008 5185:on 11 December 2008 5157:on 14 December 2005 5054:on 11 December 2008 5000:on 11 December 2008 4940:on 11 December 2008 4530:. State of Michigan 4323:on 24 February 2009 4068:Automotive Business 3990:Natural gas vehicle 3583:VW Type 2 TotalFlex 3528:www.fueleconomy.gov 3005:, in the cities of 2916:brought UK-sourced 2818:Latest developments 2719:(middle right) and 2325: 2254:vehicle excise duty 1723:unleaded gasoline. 1675:Volvo FlexiFuel S40 1355:in March 2009, the 862: 546:hybrid electric car 533:as well as regular 518:. The CityCar is a 374:model in Europe as 288:, or pure ethanol ( 10555:Compressed-air car 10521:List of prototypes 10240:Geothermal heating 9860:. Domesticfuel.com 9400:Green Car Congress 8978:Green Car Congress 8926:on 22 October 2008 8779:The New York Times 8552:. DomesticFuel.com 8298:Ford Motor Company 8268:Galway Independent 8077:on 4 December 2008 8071:Galway Independent 7755:www.koenigsegg.com 7751:"Koenigsegg Jesko" 7703:on 27 October 2008 7676:on 24 October 2008 7670:Ford Motor Company 7664:Ford U.K. (2008). 7463:on 24 October 2008 7010:on 6 December 2013 6981:Green Car Congress 6884:O Estado do Paraná 6859:on 9 February 2009 6597:on 5 December 2012 6213:on 13 October 2008 6186:. The Auto Channel 6163:on 11 October 2008 6105:Green Car Congress 5918:on 18 January 2011 5695:Journey to Forever 5586:The New York Times 5129:Green Car Congress 5104:on 10 January 2010 4821:on 6 December 2012 4754:on 10 January 2009 4681:on 24 October 2008 4000:Vehicle conversion 3862:Focus 1.5 EcoBoost 3807:Mazda CX-5 KE / KF 3744: 3738:U.S. E85 FlexFuel 3729:S80 2.0F FlexiFuel 3725:V70 2.0F FlexiFuel 3717:V50 1.8F FlexiFuel 3713:S40 1.8F FlexiFuel 3598: 3587: 3067:, a by-product of 3033:In March 2009 the 2995: 2926:the Manildra Group 2865: 2782: 2776:2009 E85 FlexFuel 2725: 2321: 2216: 1679: 1647: 1594:Ford Motor Company 1345: 1278: 1233: 858: 792:LTD Crown Victoria 783: 755:Los Angeles County 643: 540:In December 2018, 335: 317: 314:Ford Escape Hybrid 302: 292:); or to run as a 247:in the U.S. or to 157:combustion chamber 109: 11052: 11051: 10961:Electric aircraft 10827:Fuel cell vehicle 10674:Fuel cell vehicle 10598:Electric aircraft 10530:Electric aircraft 10455:Fuel cell vehicle 10399: 10398: 10235:Geothermal energy 10063:on 17 August 2011 10030:on 3 October 2009 9459:The Vancouver Sun 9102:(in Portuguese). 8806:. 18 January 2008 8705:on 5 October 2008 8548:(28 March 2013). 8240:. 7 November 2007 8237:Belfast Telegraph 7893:on 7 January 2009 7729:Top Gear Magazine 7637:on 22 August 2008 7163:978-1-59726-175-3 6932:See pp. 3 and 14. 6589:(in Portuguese). 6501:Source:F.O. Licht 6433:on 22 August 2008 6282:on 19 August 2008 6157:Green Car Journal 6107:. 27 October 2010 5797:on 6 October 2008 5789:(in Portuguese). 5614:. 2 October 2010. 5557:on 3 January 2010 5551:Green Car Journal 5414:978-0-86571-571-4 5323:on 6 October 2008 4813:(in Portuguese). 4780:(in Portuguese). 4721:on 3 October 2008 4618:on 3 October 2008 4460:978-0-9786293-0-4 4248:on 4 January 2015 4041:978-1-84720-451-6 3960:Bivalent (engine) 3576: 3575: 3535: 3534: 3531: 3502: 3497: 3495: 3490: 3488: 3483: 3481: 3471: 3421: 3379: 3356: 3337: 3318: 3299: 3287: 3279:36.5 million 3271: 3248: 2918:Saab 9-5 Biopower 2648: 2647: 2644: 2096: 2095: 2092: 1700:The Swedish-made 1550: 1549: 1546: 1301:climbed to a 94% 1201: 1200: 1197: 914: 901: 890: 671:second oil crisis 592:alternative fuels 550:Brazilian federal 508:Lotus Engineering 480:are two types of 298:natural gas (CNG) 230:, a blend of 85% 196:light duty trucks 129:flex-fuel vehicle 121:dual-fuel vehicle 83: 82: 16:(Redirected from 11087: 11080:Embedded systems 10852:Hydrogen vehicle 10832:Hydrogen economy 10799:Methanol economy 10652:Electric vehicle 10603:Electric bicycle 10575:Electric battery 10473:Electric bicycle 10432: 10425: 10418: 10409: 10408: 10391: 10384: 10377: 10255:Run-of-the-river 10250:Hydroelectricity 10245:Geothermal power 10202: 10192:Renewable energy 10183: 10182: 10173: 10172: 10170: 10168: 10156: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10145: 10133: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10122: 10116:"E85 Prices USA" 10112: 10101: 10100: 10098: 10096: 10085: 10076: 10072: 10070: 10068: 10053: 10044: 10039: 10037: 10035: 10029: 10022: 10014: 10008: 10003: 10001: 9999: 9993: 9982: 9974: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9963: 9951: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9939: 9933: 9927:. Archived from 9922: 9913: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9892:on 17 March 2019 9876: 9870: 9869: 9867: 9865: 9853: 9847: 9846: 9844: 9842: 9830: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9804: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9790: 9775: 9762: 9761: 9759: 9757: 9741: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9730: 9719: 9713: 9712: 9710: 9708: 9697: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9681:. Scoop Business 9674: 9668: 9667: 9665: 9663: 9648: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9637: 9616: 9610: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9599: 9592: 9584: 9578: 9577: 9575: 9573: 9558: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9542:on 20 April 2008 9532: 9526: 9525: 9523: 9521: 9510: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9499: 9487: 9476: 9475: 9473: 9471: 9466:on 4 August 2009 9462:. Archived from 9449: 9438: 9437: 9435: 9433: 9418: 9412: 9411: 9409: 9407: 9392: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9366: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9339: 9333: 9332: 9330: 9328: 9316: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9305: 9294: 9288: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9274: 9262: 9256: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9230: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9219: 9204: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9193: 9178: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9152: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9141: 9126: 9120: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9096: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9064: 9058: 9057: 9051: 9043: 9041: 9039: 9024: 9018: 9017: 9015: 9013: 8996: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8970: 8964: 8962: 8960: 8958: 8943: 8937: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8916: 8910: 8906: 8904: 8902: 8893:. Archived from 8883: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8872: 8857: 8848: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8770: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8733: 8721: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8710: 8694: 8688: 8684: 8678: 8673: 8671: 8663: 8659: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8647: 8641: 8635:. Archived from 8630: 8621: 8615: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8591: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8568: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8557: 8542: 8536: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8515: 8506: 8500: 8499: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8472:. Archived from 8466: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8455: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8396: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8373: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8350: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8339: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8300:. Archived from 8290: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8270:. Archived from 8259: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8229: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8198: 8192: 8191:As of 2008-09-16 8190: 8188: 8186: 8180: 8173: 8165: 8159: 8158: 8156: 8154: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8125: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8093: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8063: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8040: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8018: 8012: 8011: 8009: 8007: 8002:. Autoblog green 7995: 7986: 7985: 7974: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7948: 7931: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7912: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7883: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7857: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7846: 7839:St1 Verkkokauppa 7831: 7825: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7806: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7692: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7672:. Archived from 7661: 7650: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7633:. Archived from 7622: 7603: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7591: 7584: 7575: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7564: 7549: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7533:. World Car Fans 7526: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7496: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7452: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7402: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7334:on 13 March 2009 7330:. Archived from 7319: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7308: 7299:. Archived from 7285: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7262: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7242:. Archived from 7231: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7204: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7177: 7171: 7167: 7151: 7141: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7115: 7108: 7099: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7088: 7076: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7030: 7024: 7019: 7017: 7015: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6940: 6934: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6914: 6905: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6825: 6819: 6803: 6794: 6779: 6770: 6755: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6708: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6690: 6683: 6673: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6653: 6644: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6624: 6616: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6593:. Archived from 6582: 6573: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6548: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6513: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6490: 6483: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6432: 6425: 6417: 6411: 6409: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6333: 6299: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6281: 6270: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6245: 6238: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6203: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6179: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6132: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6097: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6049: 6043: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6029: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 5999: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5970: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5937: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5908: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5882: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5865: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5816: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5793:. Archived from 5785:(13 June 1979). 5779: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5721: 5715: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5689:Addison, Keith. 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5625: 5616: 5615: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5576: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5553:. Archived from 5542: 5536: 5535: 5528: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5480: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5461:on 12 March 2010 5451: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5368: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5340: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5313: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5287: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5201: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5174: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5071: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5017: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4962: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4904: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4881: 4872: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4840: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4807: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4784:. Archived from 4773: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4743: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4720: 4709: 4700: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4675:"Cold Start 101" 4670: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4641: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4617: 4610: 4601: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4553: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4529: 4520: 4511: 4510: 4476: 4465: 4464: 4446: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4394: 4386: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4312: 4306: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4282: 4261: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4237: 4222: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4202: 4187: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4162: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4127: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4110: 4095: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4059: 4046: 4045: 4029: 4019: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3929: 3924: 3923: 3571: 3568: 3562: 3550: 3549: 3542: 3507: 3500: 3496: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3482: 3480: 3457: 3419: 3384:Retail price of 3373: 3354: 3335: 3316: 3290: 3286: 3269: 3234: 3205: 3203: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3189: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3159: 3158: 3102:alternative fuel 2975:Holden Commodore 2937:United Petroleum 2912:In January 2007 2885:plug-in electric 2792: 2778:Chevrolet Impala 2767: 2763: 2635: 2326: 2320: 2088: 2071: 2069: 2068: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2023: 2021: 2020: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1975: 1973: 1972: 1951: 1949: 1948: 1927: 1925: 1924: 1903: 1901: 1900: 1879: 1877: 1876: 1855: 1853: 1852: 1831: 1829: 1828: 1807: 1805: 1804: 1783: 1781: 1780: 1751:, UK and Norway 1747: 1745: 1744: 1731: 1730: 1710:Koenigsegg Jesko 1688: 1605:9-5 2.0 Biopower 1542: 1382: 1381: 1361:NXR 150 Bros Mix 1357:CG 150 Titan Mix 1275:E20-E25 gasoline 1179: 904: 895: 886: 863: 558:development mule 542:Toyota do Brasil 399:Bi-fuel vehicles 169:bi-fuel vehicles 78: 75: 69: 57: 56: 49: 21: 11095: 11094: 11090: 11089: 11088: 11086: 11085: 11084: 11065:Fuel technology 11055: 11054: 11053: 11048: 11029:Wave power ship 11019:Ram air turbine 11002: 10970: 10909:Bi-fuel vehicle 10897: 10861: 10813: 10737: 10577: 10569: 10546: 10545:Compressed-air 10539: 10482: 10459: 10441: 10436: 10395: 10181: 10176: 10166: 10164: 10157: 10153: 10143: 10141: 10134: 10130: 10120: 10118: 10114: 10113: 10104: 10094: 10092: 10087: 10086: 10079: 10066: 10064: 10055: 10054: 10047: 10033: 10031: 10027: 10020: 10016: 10015: 10011: 9997: 9995: 9991: 9980: 9976: 9975: 9971: 9961: 9959: 9952: 9948: 9937: 9935: 9931: 9920: 9914: 9905: 9895: 9893: 9878: 9877: 9873: 9863: 9861: 9854: 9850: 9840: 9838: 9837:. AutoblogGreen 9831: 9827: 9817: 9815: 9806: 9805: 9798: 9788: 9786: 9777: 9776: 9765: 9755: 9753: 9742: 9738: 9728: 9726: 9721: 9720: 9716: 9706: 9704: 9699: 9698: 9694: 9684: 9682: 9675: 9671: 9661: 9659: 9658:on 29 June 2012 9650: 9649: 9645: 9635: 9633: 9618: 9617: 9613: 9603: 9601: 9597: 9590: 9586: 9585: 9581: 9571: 9569: 9560: 9559: 9555: 9545: 9543: 9534: 9533: 9529: 9519: 9517: 9512: 9511: 9507: 9497: 9495: 9488: 9479: 9469: 9467: 9450: 9441: 9431: 9429: 9428:on 7 April 2010 9420: 9419: 9415: 9405: 9403: 9402:. 2 August 2010 9394: 9393: 9389: 9379: 9377: 9368: 9367: 9363: 9353: 9351: 9340: 9336: 9326: 9324: 9321:"Green is Good" 9317: 9313: 9303: 9301: 9296: 9295: 9291: 9278: 9276: 9272: 9263: 9259: 9245: 9243: 9231: 9227: 9217: 9215: 9206: 9205: 9201: 9191: 9189: 9179: 9175: 9165: 9163: 9154: 9153: 9149: 9139: 9137: 9136:on 10 July 2011 9128: 9127: 9123: 9113: 9111: 9110:on 19 July 2012 9098: 9097: 9093: 9083: 9081: 9080:on 31 July 2012 9066: 9065: 9061: 9045: 9044: 9037: 9035: 9025: 9021: 9011: 9009: 8997: 8993: 8983: 8981: 8972: 8971: 8967: 8956: 8954: 8944: 8940: 8929: 8927: 8918: 8917: 8913: 8900: 8898: 8885: 8884: 8880: 8870: 8868: 8858: 8851: 8838: 8836: 8823: 8819: 8809: 8807: 8798: 8797: 8793: 8783: 8781: 8771: 8764: 8754: 8752: 8745: 8741: 8731: 8729: 8722: 8718: 8708: 8706: 8695: 8691: 8676: 8674: 8665: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8645: 8643: 8642:on 30 June 2015 8639: 8628: 8622: 8618: 8608: 8606: 8604:Automotive News 8592: 8588: 8578: 8576: 8569: 8565: 8555: 8553: 8543: 8539: 8526: 8524: 8513: 8507: 8503: 8494: 8493: 8489: 8479: 8477: 8476:on 17 June 2008 8470:"Saab BioPower" 8468: 8467: 8463: 8453: 8451: 8442: 8441: 8437: 8427: 8425: 8420: 8419: 8415: 8405: 8403: 8398: 8397: 8393: 8383: 8381: 8374: 8370: 8360: 8358: 8357:. AutoblogGreen 8351: 8347: 8337: 8335: 8322: 8321: 8317: 8307: 8305: 8304:on 30 June 2008 8292: 8291: 8287: 8277: 8275: 8260: 8253: 8243: 8241: 8231: 8230: 8221: 8211: 8209: 8200: 8199: 8195: 8184: 8182: 8178: 8171: 8167: 8166: 8162: 8152: 8150: 8141: 8140: 8136: 8127: 8126: 8113: 8103: 8101: 8100:. AutoblogGreen 8094: 8090: 8080: 8078: 8065: 8064: 8060: 8050: 8048: 8041: 8037: 8027: 8025: 8020: 8019: 8015: 8005: 8003: 7996: 7989: 7982:www.korridor.se 7976: 7975: 7971: 7961: 7959: 7950: 7949: 7934: 7921: 7919: 7914: 7913: 7906: 7896: 7894: 7885: 7884: 7880: 7870: 7868: 7859: 7858: 7854: 7844: 7842: 7833: 7832: 7828: 7815: 7813: 7807: 7774: 7764: 7762: 7761:on 6 March 2019 7749: 7748: 7744: 7734: 7732: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7693: 7689: 7679: 7677: 7662: 7653: 7640: 7638: 7623: 7606: 7595: 7593: 7589: 7582: 7576: 7572: 7562: 7560: 7559:on 29 June 2008 7551: 7550: 7546: 7536: 7534: 7527: 7520: 7510: 7508: 7497: 7476: 7466: 7464: 7453: 7449: 7439: 7437: 7430: 7426: 7416: 7414: 7403: 7399: 7389: 7387: 7378: 7377: 7373: 7363: 7361: 7351: 7347: 7337: 7335: 7320: 7316: 7306: 7304: 7286: 7282: 7272: 7270: 7263: 7259: 7249: 7247: 7232: 7228: 7218: 7216: 7205: 7201: 7191: 7189: 7178: 7174: 7164: 7156:–155, 160–161. 7142: 7129: 7119: 7117: 7113: 7106: 7100: 7096: 7086: 7084: 7077: 7073: 7063: 7061: 7054: 7050: 7040: 7038: 7031: 7027: 7013: 7011: 7000: 6996: 6986: 6984: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6960: 6958: 6957:on 16 July 2011 6941: 6937: 6924: 6922: 6912: 6906: 6899: 6889: 6887: 6886:(in Portuguese) 6876: 6872: 6862: 6860: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6826: 6822: 6817:Wayback Machine 6804: 6797: 6792:Wayback Machine 6785:Energy.gov site 6780: 6773: 6768:Wayback Machine 6756: 6752: 6741: 6739: 6722: 6718: 6702: 6701: 6694: 6692: 6691:on 31 July 2020 6688: 6681: 6674: 6667: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6646: 6645: 6638: 6628: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6610: 6600: 6598: 6583: 6576: 6562: 6560: 6549: 6545: 6531: 6529: 6520:(10 May 2013). 6514: 6505: 6494: 6492: 6491:on 25 June 2008 6488: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6462: 6460: 6459:on 8 April 2008 6451: 6450: 6446: 6436: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6414: 6364: 6360: 6300: 6296: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6268: 6264: 6263: 6259: 6249: 6247: 6246:on 17 July 2011 6243: 6236: 6230: 6226: 6216: 6214: 6205: 6204: 6200: 6189: 6187: 6180: 6176: 6166: 6164: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6124: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6084: 6082: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6062: 6060: 6050: 6046: 6033: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6008: 6006: 6001: 6000: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5972: 5971: 5964: 5954: 5952: 5945:Automotive News 5939: 5938: 5931: 5921: 5919: 5910: 5909: 5902: 5892: 5890: 5883: 5879: 5868: 5866: 5844: 5840: 5830: 5828: 5827:on 10 July 2011 5817: 5810: 5800: 5798: 5780: 5773: 5763: 5761: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5741: 5739: 5722: 5718: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5670:(in Portuguese) 5657: 5653: 5643: 5641: 5640:(in Portuguese) 5626: 5619: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5591: 5589: 5577: 5570: 5560: 5558: 5543: 5539: 5534:. Autoblog.com. 5530: 5529: 5525: 5515: 5513: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5489: 5487: 5482: 5481: 5474: 5464: 5462: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5438: 5436: 5427: 5426: 5422: 5415: 5399:Sherry Boschert 5396: 5392: 5382: 5380: 5379:on 29 July 2007 5369: 5365: 5354: 5352: 5341: 5337: 5326: 5324: 5315: 5314: 5307: 5296: 5294: 5289: 5288: 5277: 5267: 5265: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5228: 5224: 5214: 5212: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5188: 5186: 5175: 5171: 5160: 5158: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5072: 5068: 5057: 5055: 5046: 5045: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5028:on 23 July 2008 5018: 5014: 5003: 5001: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4963: 4954: 4943: 4941: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4917: 4915: 4914:on 21 July 2011 4906: 4905: 4896: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4864: 4854: 4852: 4841: 4834: 4824: 4822: 4809: 4808: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4788:on 7 March 2009 4774: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4744: 4735: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4707: 4701: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4671: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4651:on 16 July 2011 4643: 4642: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4602: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4560:. AutoblogGreen 4554: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4514: 4499: 4477: 4468: 4461: 4447: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4363: 4362: 4358: 4348: 4346: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4326: 4324: 4313: 4309: 4296: 4294: 4293:on 26 July 2011 4283: 4264: 4251: 4249: 4238: 4225: 4212: 4210: 4203: 4190: 4176: 4174: 4173:on 21 July 2011 4163: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4128: 4121: 4108: 4106: 4097: 4096: 4087: 4077: 4075: 4060: 4049: 4042: 4020: 4013: 4009: 4004: 3939: 3932: 3925: 3918: 3915: 3910: 3904: 3803:Mazda 3 BM / BP 3794:Accord 10th gen 3749: 3677:Koenigsegg CCXR 3625: 3620: 3614: 3609: 3603: 3572: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3551: 3547: 3540: 3294: 3292: 3285:20 million 3211:Units/comments 3200: 3198: 3187: 3185: 3174: 3172: 3163: 3157: 3090: 3077: 3061: 3048: 3031: 2984: 2910: 2905: 2903:Other countries 2820: 2811: 2790: 2765: 2761: 2750: 2723:(bottom right). 2685: 2681: 2639: 2637: 2630: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2335: 2333: 2323: 2319: 2309: 2303: 2242: 2224: 2184: 2140: 2116:value added tax 2113: 2105: 2090: 2066: 2064: 2042: 2040: 2018: 2016: 1994: 1992: 1970: 1968: 1946: 1944: 1922: 1920: 1898: 1896: 1874: 1872: 1850: 1848: 1826: 1824: 1802: 1800: 1778: 1776: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1742: 1740: 1739: 1729: 1708:version of the 1686: 1684: 1544: 1537: 1532:Total 2001–2014 1527: 1519: 1509: 1501: 1491: 1483: 1473: 1465: 1455: 1447: 1437: 1429: 1419: 1411: 1386: 1380: 1374: 1369: 1294:Chevrolet Corsa 1191: 1186: 1184: 912: 910: 908: 906: 899: 897: 894: 888: 885: 883: 881: 876: 874: 872: 870: 860: 856: 848:Main articles: 846: 841: 790:, and the 5.0L 588:1973 oil crisis 567: 482:hybrid vehicles 474:hybrid electric 454:Magneti Marelli 448:introduced the 438:Chevrolet Astra 436:introduced the 266: 79: 73: 70: 67: 58: 54: 47: 36:Bi-fuel vehicle 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11093: 11083: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11050: 11049: 11047: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11010: 11008: 11004: 11003: 11001: 11000: 10993: 10986: 10978: 10976: 10972: 10971: 10969: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10957: 10956: 10951: 10941: 10939:Plug-in hybrid 10936: 10931: 10929:Hybrid vehicle 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10905: 10903: 10899: 10898: 10896: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10869: 10867: 10863: 10862: 10860: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10847:Hydrogen train 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10823: 10821: 10815: 10814: 10812: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10750: 10748: 10739: 10738: 10736: 10735: 10734: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10713: 10708: 10707: 10706: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10660: 10659: 10649: 10644: 10642:Electric truck 10639: 10638: 10637: 10627: 10626: 10625: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10584: 10582: 10571: 10570: 10568: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10551: 10549: 10541: 10540: 10538: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10526: 10525: 10524: 10523: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10492: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10480: 10475: 10469: 10467: 10461: 10460: 10458: 10457: 10451: 10449: 10443: 10442: 10435: 10434: 10427: 10420: 10412: 10406: 10405: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10393: 10386: 10379: 10371: 10368: 10367: 10366: 10365: 10360: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10349: 10341: 10340: 10339: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10327: 10326: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10280: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10259: 10258: 10257: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10204: 10203: 10195: 10194: 10188: 10187: 10180: 10179:External links 10177: 10175: 10174: 10151: 10128: 10102: 10077: 10045: 10009: 9969: 9946: 9903: 9871: 9848: 9825: 9796: 9785:. 10 June 2008 9763: 9752:on 17 May 2008 9736: 9714: 9692: 9669: 9643: 9611: 9579: 9553: 9527: 9505: 9477: 9439: 9413: 9387: 9361: 9334: 9311: 9289: 9268:(RFA) (2015). 9257: 9225: 9199: 9173: 9147: 9121: 9091: 9059: 9019: 8991: 8980:. 8 April 2011 8965: 8938: 8911: 8897:on 1 July 2014 8878: 8849: 8832:Car and Driver 8817: 8791: 8762: 8751:. AutobogGreen 8739: 8716: 8689: 8677:|journal= 8654: 8616: 8586: 8563: 8537: 8534:See Tables 6.1 8501: 8487: 8461: 8435: 8413: 8391: 8368: 8345: 8315: 8285: 8251: 8219: 8193: 8160: 8134: 8131:. 20 May 2019. 8111: 8088: 8058: 8035: 8013: 7987: 7969: 7932: 7904: 7878: 7852: 7826: 7772: 7742: 7714: 7687: 7651: 7604: 7570: 7544: 7518: 7474: 7447: 7424: 7413:on 19 May 2016 7397: 7371: 7345: 7314: 7303:on 16 May 2016 7280: 7257: 7246:on 10 May 2008 7226: 7215:on 1 June 2008 7199: 7172: 7162: 7127: 7116:on 28 May 2008 7094: 7071: 7048: 7025: 6994: 6983:. 6 March 2010 6968: 6935: 6897: 6870: 6843: 6820: 6795: 6771: 6750: 6716: 6665: 6636: 6608: 6574: 6543: 6528:on 8 June 2013 6503: 6470: 6444: 6412: 6358: 6294: 6257: 6224: 6198: 6174: 6144: 6118: 6092: 6070: 6044: 6016: 5991: 5962: 5929: 5900: 5877: 5838: 5808: 5771: 5749: 5738:on 29 May 2012 5716: 5707: 5681: 5651: 5617: 5599: 5568: 5537: 5523: 5510:General Motors 5497: 5472: 5446: 5420: 5413: 5390: 5363: 5335: 5305: 5275: 5264:on 1 July 2008 5249: 5222: 5196: 5169: 5141: 5115: 5089: 5066: 5039: 5020:Nassy, Diane. 5012: 4985: 4952: 4925: 4894: 4862: 4832: 4799: 4765: 4733: 4692: 4662: 4629: 4593: 4571: 4541: 4512: 4497: 4466: 4459: 4406: 4378: 4356: 4334: 4307: 4262: 4223: 4188: 4150: 4119: 4085: 4047: 4040: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3944: 3930: 3914: 3911: 3906:Main article: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3889: 3877: 3864: 3855: 3842: 3817: 3796: 3790:Accord 9th gen 3759: 3748: 3745: 3732: 3731: 3721:XC60 (concept) 3706: 3693: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3653: 3644: 3631: 3624: 3621: 3616:Main article: 3613: 3610: 3602: 3599: 3574: 3573: 3567:September 2019 3554: 3552: 3545: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3504: 3503: 3498: 3491: 3484: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3455: 3449: 3440: 3431: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3411: 3402: 3393: 3381: 3380: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3288: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3243:in the US and 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3209: 3196: 3183: 3170: 3169:Characteristic 3166: 3165: 3156: 3153: 3089: 3086: 3076: 3073: 3060: 3057: 3047: 3044: 3030: 3027: 2983: 2980: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2835:plug-in hybrid 2832:Chevrolet Volt 2824:plug-in hybrid 2819: 2816: 2810: 2807: 2749: 2746: 2683: 2679: 2672:pick-up trucks 2646: 2645: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2354: 2347: 2337: 2330: 2305:Main article: 2302: 2299: 2241: 2240:United Kingdom 2238: 2223: 2220: 2183: 2180: 2139: 2136: 2111: 2104: 2101: 2094: 2093: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2037: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2025:United Kingdom 2013: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1941: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1881:Czech Republic 1869: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1749:European Union 1728: 1725: 1682: 1656:Kyoto Protocol 1548: 1547: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1280:In March 2003 1199: 1198: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1006: 1005: 1003: 1001: 998: 995: 991: 990: 988: 986: 983: 980: 976: 975: 973: 971: 968: 965: 961: 960: 958: 956: 953: 950: 946: 945: 943: 941: 938: 935: 931: 930: 928: 926: 923: 920: 916: 915: 902: 891: 878: 867: 845: 842: 840: 837: 800:climate change 779:methanol (M85) 716:, Volkswagen, 566: 563: 562: 561: 538: 520:plug-in hybrid 503:Chevrolet Volt 478:plug-in hybrid 476:and flex-fuel 470: 467:Rio de Janeiro 427: 332:plug-in hybrid 323:Demonstration 308:Demonstration 265: 262: 209:P-series fuels 161:fuel injection 81: 80: 61: 59: 52: 44:Hybrid vehicle 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11092: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11034:Windmill ship 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11011: 11009: 11005: 10999: 10998: 10994: 10992: 10991: 10987: 10985: 10984: 10980: 10979: 10977: 10975:Documentaries 10973: 10967: 10966:Electric boat 10964: 10962: 10959: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10946: 10945: 10944:Solar vehicle 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10906: 10904: 10902:Multiple-fuel 10900: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10864: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10820: 10816: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10804:Methanol fuel 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10740: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10718: 10717: 10716:Solar vehicle 10714: 10712: 10709: 10705: 10702: 10701: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10636: 10633: 10632: 10631: 10628: 10624: 10621: 10620: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10613:Electric boat 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10581: 10576: 10572: 10566: 10565:Tesla turbine 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10548: 10542: 10536: 10535:Electric boat 10533: 10531: 10528: 10522: 10519: 10518: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10498: 10497: 10496:Solar vehicle 10494: 10493: 10491: 10489: 10485: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10466: 10462: 10456: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10448: 10444: 10440: 10433: 10428: 10426: 10421: 10419: 10414: 10413: 10410: 10404: 10401: 10400: 10392: 10387: 10385: 10380: 10378: 10373: 10372: 10370: 10369: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10355: 10354: 10353: 10348: 10345: 10344: 10343: 10342: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10325: 10322: 10321: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10299:Osmotic power 10297: 10295: 10294:Ocean thermal 10292: 10290: 10289:Marine energy 10287: 10285: 10282: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10264: 10263: 10260: 10256: 10253: 10252: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10207: 10206: 10205: 10201: 10197: 10196: 10193: 10190: 10189: 10185: 10184: 10162: 10155: 10139: 10132: 10117: 10111: 10109: 10107: 10090: 10084: 10082: 10075: 10062: 10058: 10052: 10050: 10042: 10026: 10019: 10013: 10006: 9990: 9986: 9979: 9973: 9957: 9950: 9930: 9926: 9919: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9891: 9887: 9886: 9881: 9875: 9859: 9852: 9836: 9829: 9813: 9809: 9803: 9801: 9784: 9780: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9768: 9751: 9747: 9740: 9724: 9718: 9702: 9696: 9680: 9673: 9657: 9653: 9647: 9631: 9627: 9626: 9621: 9615: 9596: 9589: 9583: 9567: 9563: 9557: 9541: 9537: 9531: 9515: 9509: 9493: 9486: 9484: 9482: 9465: 9461: 9460: 9455: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9427: 9423: 9417: 9401: 9397: 9391: 9375: 9371: 9365: 9349: 9345: 9338: 9322: 9315: 9299: 9293: 9287: 9271: 9267: 9261: 9254: 9242: 9241: 9236: 9229: 9213: 9209: 9203: 9188: 9187:AutoblogGreen 9184: 9177: 9161: 9157: 9151: 9135: 9131: 9125: 9109: 9105: 9104:UNICA, Brazil 9101: 9095: 9079: 9075: 9074: 9069: 9063: 9055: 9049: 9034: 9030: 9023: 9008: 9007: 9002: 8995: 8979: 8975: 8969: 8953: 8949: 8942: 8925: 8921: 8915: 8909: 8896: 8892: 8891:E85Prices.com 8888: 8882: 8867: 8863: 8856: 8854: 8847: 8834: 8833: 8828: 8821: 8805: 8804:The Economist 8801: 8795: 8780: 8776: 8769: 8767: 8750: 8743: 8727: 8720: 8704: 8700: 8693: 8687: 8686:See Table 2.4 8682: 8669: 8658: 8638: 8634: 8627: 8620: 8605: 8601: 8597: 8590: 8574: 8567: 8551: 8547: 8541: 8535: 8523: 8519: 8512: 8505: 8497: 8491: 8475: 8471: 8465: 8449: 8445: 8439: 8423: 8417: 8401: 8395: 8379: 8372: 8356: 8349: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8319: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8289: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8258: 8256: 8239: 8238: 8234: 8228: 8226: 8224: 8207: 8203: 8197: 8177: 8170: 8164: 8148: 8144: 8138: 8130: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8099: 8092: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8062: 8046: 8039: 8023: 8017: 8001: 7994: 7992: 7983: 7979: 7973: 7957: 7953: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7930: 7917: 7911: 7909: 7892: 7888: 7882: 7866: 7862: 7856: 7840: 7836: 7830: 7824: 7812: 7809:Korridor AB. 7805: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7746: 7731: 7730: 7725: 7718: 7702: 7698: 7691: 7675: 7671: 7667: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7649: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7588: 7581: 7574: 7558: 7554: 7548: 7532: 7525: 7523: 7506: 7502: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7462: 7458: 7451: 7435: 7428: 7412: 7408: 7401: 7385: 7381: 7375: 7360: 7356: 7349: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7318: 7302: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7284: 7268: 7261: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7230: 7214: 7210: 7203: 7187: 7183: 7176: 7170: 7165: 7159: 7155: 7150: 7149: 7148:Apollo's Fire 7140: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7112: 7105: 7098: 7082: 7075: 7059: 7052: 7036: 7029: 7022: 7009: 7005: 6998: 6982: 6978: 6972: 6956: 6952: 6951: 6946: 6939: 6933: 6921: 6919: 6911: 6904: 6902: 6885: 6881: 6874: 6858: 6854: 6847: 6831: 6824: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6807: 6802: 6800: 6793: 6789: 6786: 6783: 6778: 6776: 6769: 6765: 6762: 6759: 6754: 6737: 6733: 6732: 6727: 6720: 6712: 6706: 6687: 6679: 6672: 6670: 6649: 6643: 6641: 6621: 6615: 6613: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6581: 6579: 6571: 6558: 6554: 6547: 6540: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6487: 6480: 6474: 6458: 6454: 6448: 6429: 6422: 6416: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6362: 6355: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6298: 6278: 6274: 6267: 6261: 6242: 6235: 6228: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6185: 6178: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6148: 6129: 6122: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6080: 6074: 6059: 6055: 6048: 6042: 6026: 6020: 6004: 5998: 5996: 5979: 5975: 5969: 5967: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5936: 5934: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5905: 5888: 5881: 5864: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5850: 5842: 5826: 5822: 5815: 5813: 5796: 5792: 5791:Editora Abril 5788: 5784: 5778: 5776: 5759: 5753: 5737: 5733: 5732: 5731:The Telegraph 5727: 5720: 5711: 5696: 5692: 5685: 5669: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5639: 5637: 5631: 5624: 5622: 5613: 5612:AutoblogGreen 5609: 5603: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5575: 5573: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5541: 5533: 5527: 5512:. 5 June 2008 5511: 5507: 5501: 5485: 5479: 5477: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5416: 5410: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5394: 5378: 5374: 5367: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5310: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5210: 5206: 5200: 5184: 5180: 5173: 5156: 5152: 5145: 5130: 5126: 5119: 5103: 5099: 5093: 5077: 5070: 5053: 5049: 5043: 5027: 5023: 5016: 4999: 4995: 4989: 4974: 4973: 4968: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4939: 4935: 4929: 4913: 4909: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4878: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4850: 4846: 4839: 4837: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4806: 4804: 4787: 4783: 4782:Editora Abril 4779: 4772: 4770: 4753: 4749: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4717: 4713: 4706: 4699: 4697: 4680: 4676: 4669: 4667: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4598: 4581: 4575: 4559: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4526: 4519: 4517: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4498:1-56347-375-5 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4462: 4456: 4452: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4366: 4360: 4344: 4338: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4305: 4292: 4288: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4260: 4247: 4243: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4221: 4208: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4185: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4139: 4138: 4133: 4126: 4124: 4116: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4043: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4027: 4018: 4016: 4011: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3942: 3941:Energy portal 3936: 3931: 3928: 3922: 3917: 3909: 3902:United States 3897: 3893: 3892:Mercedes-Benz 3890: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3840:Corolla Cross 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3824:Corolla Altis 3821: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3757:Lancer Ex 1.8 3754: 3751: 3750: 3741: 3740:Chevrolet HHR 3736: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3642:Dacia Sandero 3639: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3619: 3608: 3595: 3591: 3584: 3580: 3570: 3558: 3553: 3544: 3543: 3529: 3525: 3524:e85prices.com 3521: 3516: 3512: 3505: 3499: 3492: 3485: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3469: 3466:), May 2019, 3465: 3461: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3410: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3297: 3289: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3197: 3195: 3184: 3182: 3171: 3168: 3160: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3040: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2988: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2900: 2898: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2788: 2779: 2774: 2770: 2759: 2754: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2722: 2718: 2715:(top right), 2714: 2708: 2704: 2702: 2696: 2692: 2689: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2654:For the 2011 2652: 2643: 2633: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2580: 2577: 2576: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2348: 2338: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2301:United States 2298: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2219: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2162:Bioflex, the 2161: 2158:Bioflex, the 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2109: 2100: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1895: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1775: 1774: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1737: 1732: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1692: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1651: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1540: 1530: 1524: 1521: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1506: 1503: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1470: 1467: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1434: 1431: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1416: 1413: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1383: 1379: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1341: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1312: 1306: 1304: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1257: 1256:rule of thumb 1252: 1247: 1245: 1240: 1238: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1215: 1212:launched the 1211: 1207: 1195: 1189: 1182: 1177: 1170: 1164: 1162:Total 2003–17 1153: 1147: 1136: 1130: 1119: 1113: 1102: 1096: 1085: 1079: 1068: 1062: 1051: 1045: 1034: 1028: 1017: 1011: 1004: 1002: 996: 989: 987: 981: 974: 972: 966: 959: 957: 951: 944: 942: 936: 929: 927: 921: 903: 892: 879: 868: 865: 864: 855: 851: 836: 834: 829: 824: 820: 816: 811: 809: 805: 802:concerns and 801: 797: 793: 789: 780: 776: 775:ethanol (E85) 772: 767: 763: 760: 756: 752: 746: 744: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 702: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 619: 615: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 576: 572: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 536: 532: 528: 524: 521: 517: 513: 512:Lotus CityCar 510:unveiled the 509: 504: 500: 496: 492: 491:Escape Hybrid 488: 483: 479: 475: 471: 468: 464: 460: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 397: 396: 395: 393: 389: 383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 362: 358: 355: 351: 348: 344: 341: 333: 329: 326: 321: 315: 311: 306: 299: 295: 291: 287: 286:E20-E25 blend 283: 279: 275: 270: 261: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 233: 229: 225: 220: 218: 217:Dodge Caravan 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 193: 189: 184: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 153:methanol fuel 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 106: 102: 98: 94: 89: 85: 77: 65: 60: 51: 50: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 11075:Ethanol fuel 10995: 10988: 10981: 10924:Hybrid train 10913: 10793: 10789:Ethanol fuel 10769:Butanol fuel 10754:Alcohol fuel 10689:Hybrid train 10630:Electric car 10618:Electric bus 10304:Solar energy 10167:18 September 10165:. Retrieved 10154: 10144:18 September 10142:. Retrieved 10131: 10119:. Retrieved 10093:. Retrieved 10073: 10065:. Retrieved 10061:the original 10040: 10032:. Retrieved 10025:the original 10012: 10004: 9996:. Retrieved 9989:the original 9972: 9960:. Retrieved 9949: 9936:. Retrieved 9929:the original 9894:. Retrieved 9890:the original 9885:Bangkok Post 9883: 9874: 9862:. Retrieved 9851: 9839:. Retrieved 9828: 9818:17 September 9816:. Retrieved 9812:the original 9789:17 September 9787:. Retrieved 9756:17 September 9754:. Retrieved 9750:the original 9739: 9727:. Retrieved 9717: 9707:17 September 9705:. Retrieved 9695: 9685:18 September 9683:. Retrieved 9672: 9660:. Retrieved 9656:the original 9646: 9634:. Retrieved 9630:the original 9623: 9614: 9602:. Retrieved 9595:the original 9582: 9570:. Retrieved 9566:the original 9556: 9546:16 September 9544:. Retrieved 9540:the original 9530: 9518:. Retrieved 9508: 9496:. Retrieved 9494:. Driving.ca 9470:16 September 9468:. Retrieved 9464:the original 9457: 9432:16 September 9430:. Retrieved 9426:the original 9416: 9404:. Retrieved 9390: 9378:. Retrieved 9373: 9364: 9354:17 September 9352:. Retrieved 9348:the original 9337: 9327:17 September 9325:. Retrieved 9314: 9304:17 September 9302:. Retrieved 9292: 9286:See page 22. 9285: 9277:. Retrieved 9260: 9252: 9244:. Retrieved 9238: 9228: 9216:. Retrieved 9212:the original 9202: 9190:. Retrieved 9176: 9164:. Retrieved 9160:the original 9150: 9138:. Retrieved 9134:the original 9124: 9112:. Retrieved 9108:the original 9094: 9082:. Retrieved 9078:the original 9071: 9062: 9036:. Retrieved 9033:www3.epa.gov 9032: 9022: 9010:. Retrieved 9004: 8994: 8982:. Retrieved 8968: 8955:. Retrieved 8951: 8941: 8928:. Retrieved 8924:the original 8914: 8907: 8899:. Retrieved 8895:the original 8890: 8887:"E85 Prices" 8881: 8869:. Retrieved 8845: 8837:. Retrieved 8835:. p. 20 8830: 8820: 8810:14 September 8808:. Retrieved 8803: 8794: 8782:. Retrieved 8778: 8753:. Retrieved 8742: 8730:. Retrieved 8719: 8709:18 September 8707:. Retrieved 8703:the original 8692: 8685: 8668:cite journal 8657: 8644:. Retrieved 8637:the original 8619: 8607:. Retrieved 8599: 8589: 8577:. Retrieved 8566: 8554:. Retrieved 8540: 8533: 8525:. Retrieved 8504: 8490: 8480:18 September 8478:. Retrieved 8474:the original 8464: 8454:18 September 8452:. Retrieved 8448:The Guardian 8447: 8438: 8428:18 September 8426:. Retrieved 8416: 8406:18 September 8404:. Retrieved 8394: 8382:. Retrieved 8371: 8359:. Retrieved 8348: 8336:. Retrieved 8332:the original 8328:www.maxol.ie 8327: 8318: 8308:17 September 8306:. Retrieved 8302:the original 8288: 8278:17 September 8276:. Retrieved 8272:the original 8267: 8244:17 September 8242:. Retrieved 8235: 8212:17 September 8210:. Retrieved 8206:the original 8196: 8185:17 September 8183:. Retrieved 8176:the original 8163: 8153:17 September 8151:. Retrieved 8147:the original 8137: 8104:17 September 8102:. Retrieved 8091: 8079:. Retrieved 8075:the original 8070: 8061: 8049:. Retrieved 8038: 8026:. Retrieved 8016: 8004:. Retrieved 7981: 7972: 7962:17 September 7960:. Retrieved 7956:the original 7928: 7920:. Retrieved 7897:17 September 7895:. Retrieved 7891:the original 7881: 7869:. Retrieved 7867:(in Finnish) 7864: 7855: 7843:. Retrieved 7841:(in Finnish) 7838: 7829: 7822: 7814:. Retrieved 7763:. Retrieved 7759:the original 7754: 7745: 7733:. Retrieved 7727: 7717: 7705:. Retrieved 7701:the original 7690: 7678:. Retrieved 7674:the original 7647: 7639:. Retrieved 7635:the original 7594:. Retrieved 7587:the original 7573: 7561:. Retrieved 7557:the original 7547: 7535:. Retrieved 7509:. Retrieved 7505:the original 7465:. Retrieved 7461:the original 7450: 7438:. Retrieved 7427: 7415:. Retrieved 7411:the original 7400: 7388:. Retrieved 7384:the original 7374: 7362:. Retrieved 7358: 7348: 7336:. Retrieved 7332:the original 7317: 7305:. Retrieved 7301:the original 7297:Revista Veja 7283: 7271:. Retrieved 7260: 7248:. Retrieved 7244:the original 7239: 7229: 7217:. Retrieved 7213:the original 7202: 7190:. Retrieved 7186:the original 7175: 7168: 7147: 7118:. Retrieved 7111:the original 7097: 7085:. Retrieved 7074: 7062:. Retrieved 7051: 7039:. Retrieved 7028: 7020: 7012:. Retrieved 7008:the original 6997: 6985:. Retrieved 6971: 6959:. Retrieved 6955:the original 6948: 6938: 6931: 6923:. Retrieved 6916: 6888:. Retrieved 6883: 6873: 6861:. Retrieved 6857:the original 6846: 6834:. Retrieved 6823: 6753: 6740:. Retrieved 6736:the original 6731:Revista Veja 6729: 6719: 6693:. Retrieved 6686:the original 6656:. Retrieved 6627:. Retrieved 6599:. Retrieved 6595:the original 6569: 6561:. Retrieved 6557:the original 6546: 6538: 6530:. Retrieved 6526:the original 6493:. Retrieved 6486:the original 6473: 6461:. Retrieved 6457:the original 6447: 6435:. Retrieved 6428:the original 6415: 6373: 6367: 6361: 6353: 6313: 6307: 6297: 6284:. Retrieved 6277:the original 6260: 6248:. Retrieved 6241:the original 6227: 6215:. Retrieved 6211:the original 6201: 6188:. Retrieved 6177: 6165:. Retrieved 6161:the original 6147: 6137:13 September 6135:. Retrieved 6121: 6109:. Retrieved 6095: 6083:. Retrieved 6073: 6061:. Retrieved 6057: 6047: 6040: 6032:. Retrieved 6019: 6007:. Retrieved 5982:. Retrieved 5978:the original 5953:. Retrieved 5949:the original 5944: 5920:. Retrieved 5916:the original 5891:. Retrieved 5880: 5867:. Retrieved 5848: 5841: 5829:. Retrieved 5825:the original 5799:. Retrieved 5795:the original 5783:Revista Veja 5762:. Retrieved 5752: 5740:. Retrieved 5736:the original 5729: 5719: 5710: 5698:. Retrieved 5694: 5684: 5672:. Retrieved 5664: 5654: 5642:. Retrieved 5633: 5602: 5590:. Retrieved 5584: 5559:. Retrieved 5555:the original 5540: 5526: 5516:22 September 5514:. Retrieved 5500: 5488:. Retrieved 5463:. Retrieved 5459:the original 5449: 5437:. Retrieved 5433:the original 5423: 5403: 5393: 5381:. Retrieved 5377:the original 5366: 5353:. Retrieved 5349:the original 5338: 5325:. Retrieved 5321:the original 5295:. Retrieved 5266:. Retrieved 5262:the original 5252: 5240:. Retrieved 5236:the original 5225: 5213:. Retrieved 5209:the original 5199: 5189:20 September 5187:. Retrieved 5183:the original 5172: 5159:. Retrieved 5155:the original 5144: 5132:. Retrieved 5118: 5106:. Retrieved 5102:the original 5092: 5080:. Retrieved 5069: 5056:. Retrieved 5052:the original 5042: 5030:. Retrieved 5026:the original 5015: 5002:. Retrieved 4998:the original 4988: 4978:15 September 4976:. Retrieved 4970: 4942:. Retrieved 4938:the original 4928: 4916:. Retrieved 4912:the original 4884:. Retrieved 4853:. Retrieved 4823:. Retrieved 4819:the original 4790:. Retrieved 4786:the original 4758:23 September 4756:. Retrieved 4752:the original 4725:23 September 4723:. Retrieved 4716:the original 4711: 4683:. Retrieved 4679:the original 4653:. Retrieved 4649:the original 4622:23 September 4620:. Retrieved 4613:the original 4586:23 September 4584:. Retrieved 4574: 4562:. Retrieved 4532:. Retrieved 4480: 4450: 4397:. Retrieved 4371:25 September 4369:. Retrieved 4359: 4349:25 September 4347:. Retrieved 4337: 4327:25 September 4325:. Retrieved 4321:the original 4310: 4303: 4295:. Retrieved 4291:the original 4258: 4250:. Retrieved 4246:the original 4219: 4211:. Retrieved 4205:Bil Sweden. 4183: 4175:. Retrieved 4171:the original 4141:. Retrieved 4137:Toronto Star 4135: 4114: 4107:. Retrieved 4102: 4076:. Retrieved 4072:the original 4067: 4025: 3985:Food vs fuel 3970:Clean Cities 3965:Butanol fuel 3782:CR-V 5th gen 3778:CR-V 4th gen 3774:City 6th gen 3634:Dacia Duster 3594:Hyundai HB20 3564: 3556: 3261:80% imported 3134: 3100:(CNG) as an 3091: 3078: 3071:production. 3062: 3053: 3049: 3032: 2996: 2953:Holden, the 2949: 2933:9-3 BioPower 2930: 2911: 2893: 2866: 2847:ethanol fuel 2821: 2812: 2783: 2755: 2751: 2741:ethanol fuel 2726: 2697: 2693: 2653: 2649: 2243: 2225: 2217: 2185: 2168:Cadillac BLS 2141: 2106: 2097: 1714:turbocharged 1699: 1695: 1680: 1652: 1648: 1625:Cadillac BLS 1602: 1562:Örnsköldsvik 1551: 1346: 1327: 1318: 1316: 1311:market share 1307: 1303:market share 1299: 1290:GM do Brasil 1279: 1251:fuel economy 1248: 1241: 1234: 1202: 1194:neat ethanol 1187: 1180: 812: 784: 747: 742: 703: 659:fossil fuels 644: 571:Ford Model T 568: 554:Toyota Prius 434:GM do Brasil 426:electronics. 384: 379: 375: 363: 356: 349: 342: 336: 221: 185: 165:spark timing 128: 125:colloquially 120: 116: 112: 110: 93:Ford Model T 84: 71: 63: 10774:Biogasoline 10488:Solar power 10465:Human power 10319:Tidal power 10309:Solar power 10277:Small hydro 10267:Micro hydro 9279:22 November 8901:23 November 8871:23 November 8081:1 September 8051:1 September 8028:1 September 8006:1 September 7871:29 February 7845:29 February 7835:"Asemahaku" 7417:17 November 7390:10 February 7307:16 November 7041:18 November 7014:17 November 6925:24 November 6890:24 November 6601:10 February 6563:16 December 5889:. ICIS news 5700:24 December 5674:16 December 5644:16 December 5636:Grupo Globo 5082:1 September 5058:1 September 5004:1 September 4944:1 September 4918:1 September 4886:1 September 4078:15 December 3815:Mazda CX-30 3672:Ford Galaxy 3664:Ford Mondeo 3638:Dacia Logan 3220:E20 to E100 3059:New Zealand 2943:and one in 2873:natural gas 2862:Ford Escape 2828:Ford Escape 2735:is a major 2349:Total fleet 2336:sold/leased 2291:Saab Aero X 2174:offers the 2156:Peugeot 308 1953:Netherlands 1929:Switzerland 1734:Bioethanol 1586:Volvo Group 1554:Ford Taurus 1349:motorcycles 1214:Polo E-Flex 887:total light 873:light-duty 771:Ford Taurus 667:gasohol E25 606:, and also 584:Prohibition 523:concept car 325:Ford Escape 264:Terminology 213:Ford Taurus 192:motorcycles 188:automobiles 74:August 2021 11059:Categories 10336:Wind power 10331:Wave power 10272:Pico hydro 10262:Hydropower 9896:16 January 9729:25 October 9114:17 January 9084:17 January 9038:12 October 8930:22 October 8839:24 October 8784:22 October 8728:. AutoBlog 7865:ABC-asemat 7861:"Stations" 7273:18 October 6695:21 January 6658:21 January 6629:5 February 6111:28 October 6034:5 February 6009:18 October 5984:18 October 5955:18 October 5922:5 February 5801:18 October 5592:17 October 5371:TaxiNews. 5215:15 October 5161:15 October 5134:19 October 5108:19 October 5048:"Glossary" 4994:"Glossary" 4934:"Glossary" 4685:14 October 4655:14 October 4534:14 October 4007:References 3884:3 VTi-TECH 3832:Camry XV70 3811:Mazda CX-3 3753:Mitsubishi 3668:Ford S-Max 3660:Ford C-MAX 3656:Ford Focus 3605:See also: 3458:Prices in 3257:Sugar cane 3247:in Sweden. 3130:Volkswagen 3118:Mitsubishi 2922:Queensland 2843:green cars 2791:US$ 60,000 2684:‑imp 2656:model year 2625:21,790,445 2507:7,303,687 2493:6,154,298 2479:5,077,396 2465:4,117,109 2451:3,433,892 2437:2,824,455 2423:2,074,018 2409:1,373,299 2345:increase* 2343:net annual 2339:Light-Duty 2332:Light-Duty 2311:See also: 2160:Citroën C4 1704:, the low 1376:See also: 1319:Pró-Álcool 1165:28,773,388 861:2003–2017 833:overtaking 828:oil prices 815:field corn 743:Pró-Álcool 738:Kia Motors 722:Mitsubishi 687:Volkswagen 663:sugar cane 651:Portuguese 647:Pró-Álcool 631:E20 to E25 594:, such as 580:Henry Ford 575:carburetor 472:Flex-fuel 370:sells its 350:Total Flex 347:Volkswagen 330:flex-fuel 312:flex-fuel 201:California 179:(LPG), or 143:, usually 10954:Solar bus 10949:Solar car 10934:Multifuel 10759:Biodiesel 10731:Solar bus 10726:Solar car 10516:Solar car 10511:Solar bus 10447:Fuel cell 10067:30 August 9998:30 August 9962:23 August 9938:30 August 9572:5 October 9520:5 October 9498:5 October 9166:9 October 9140:9 October 9006:USA Today 8963:pp. 28–30 8957:19 August 8755:8 October 8732:8 October 8646:27 August 8600:Bloomberg 7922:8 October 7816:30 August 7765:24 August 7735:24 August 7707:22 August 7680:22 August 7641:22 August 7563:24 August 7537:24 August 7511:22 August 7467:14 August 7440:26 August 7087:26 August 7064:27 August 7021:pp. 60–61 7002:ANFAVEA. 6863:24 August 6836:24 August 6742:19 August 6551:ANFAVEA. 6437:10 August 6406:206510225 6250:31 August 6217:31 August 6190:14 August 6167:31 August 6063:13 August 5893:14 August 5869:5 October 5831:14 August 5764:11 August 5742:11 August 5383:24 August 5355:14 August 5327:5 October 5297:5 October 5268:31 August 5242:24 August 5032:24 August 4972:USA Today 4855:19 August 4564:19 August 4399:24 August 4252:26 August 4213:26 August 4177:26 August 3867:Chevrolet 3853:S80 2.5FT 3849:S60 DRIVe 3601:Worldwide 3515:Minnesota 3511:São Paulo 3451:US$ 3.17/ 3413:US$ 2.42/ 3137:Volvo S80 3035:Colombian 3015:Woodstock 2945:Melbourne 2908:Australia 2889:fuel cell 2881:biodiesel 2860:Flexfuel 2787:Corn Belt 2680:‑US 2603:1,150,097 2592:1,272,091 2581:1,881,500 2570:2,433,113 2559:2,665,470 2548:2,466,966 2537:2,116,273 2526:1,484,945 2504:1,149,389 2501:1,175,345 2490:1,076,902 2487:1,115,069 2473:1,011,399 2341:E85 FFVs 2334:E85 FFVs 2293:BioPower 2258:Morrisons 2176:Logan MCV 2144:biodiesel 1761:Stations 1738:stations 1706:downforce 1687:US$ 1,800 1673:The 2005 1578:Linköping 1570:Stockholm 1566:Härnösand 1330:São Paulo 1269:ethanol ( 1227:(59 1171:2,291,072 1148:2,130,178 1131:1,770,668 1114:1,997,757 1097:2,637,722 1080:2,950,611 1063:2,732,060 1046:2,550,782 1029:2,627,111 1012:2,541,153 997:2,243,648 982:1,936,931 967:1,392,055 911:as % 884:as % 882:vehicles 871:flex-fuel 823:oxygenate 769:The 1996 745:program. 699:Petrobras 621:The 2003 497:(DOE), a 463:São Paulo 430:Multifuel 419:Argentina 376:Flexifuel 357:FlexPower 354:Chevrolet 343:Flexifuel 278:multifuel 276:1.4 is a 239:(52 232:anhydrous 127:called a 32:Multifuel 18:Flex fuel 11024:Vactrain 11007:See also 10819:Hydrogen 10809:Wood gas 10721:aircraft 9406:3 August 9380:24 March 9374:ABC News 9048:cite web 8579:10 April 8556:10 April 8338:22 March 8047:. Wombat 7364:30 April 7338:11 March 7219:9 August 7192:9 August 6813:Archived 6788:Archived 6764:Archived 6705:cite web 6398:18258862 6348:52810681 6340:18258860 6286:6 August 6085:26 March 5490:28 March 5465:16 March 5439:16 March 5401:(2006). 4825:12 March 4792:12 March 4507:96955040 3913:See also 3770:Civic FC 3766:Civic FB 3747:Thailand 3691:Saab 9-3 3687:Saab 9-5 3596:(Brazil) 3139:and the 3094:Thailand 3088:Thailand 3081:Paraguay 3075:Paraguay 3029:Colombia 2877:hydrogen 2731:, where 2713:Chrysler 2640:Source: 2395:907,096 2381:450,148 2367:144,000 2351:E85 FFVs 1771:persons 1756:Country 1664:biofuels 1639:Saab 9-3 1621:Saab 9-3 1574:Karlstad 1244:hydrated 900:produced 889:vehicles 877:produced 875:vehicles 679:Fiat 147 627:gasoline 608:hydrogen 596:methanol 535:gasoline 531:methanol 459:retrofit 423:taxicabs 415:hydrogen 388:Methanol 282:gasoline 235:11 181:hydrogen 145:gasoline 135:with an 131:) is an 105:kerosene 101:gasoline 10893:Propane 10873:Autogas 10743:Biofuel 10608:Pedelec 10478:Pedelec 10220:Biomass 10210:Biofuel 10034:10 July 9625:El País 7359:Reuters 6987:9 March 6961:7 March 6761:DOE FAQ 6378:Bibcode 6369:Science 6354:Science 6318:Bibcode 6309:Science 6058:Fortune 5561:2 April 4297:14 June 4143:14 June 3896:GLA 200 3742:LS 2009 3557:updated 3520:Indiana 3282:229,400 3237:E20-E25 3145:Bangkok 3011:Chatham 3003:Ontario 2959:Coskata 2766:US$ 200 2762:US$ 100 2729:Midwest 2701:Wyoming 2614:813,774 2515:805,777 2476:960,287 2462:683,217 2459:743,948 2448:609,437 2445:674,678 2434:750,437 2431:859,261 2420:700,719 2417:834,976 2406:466,203 2403:581,774 2392:456,947 2389:600,832 2378:306,149 2375:426,724 2364:144,000 2361:216,165 2353:in use 2182:Ireland 2164:Audi A5 2138:Germany 2128:Renault 2108:Biofuel 2001:Austria 1977:Ireland 1905:Finland 1833:Germany 1809:Hungary 1769:Stat/10 1766:(date) 1590:Saab AB 1536:243,136 1267:hydrous 1181:Sources 1069:814,110 1052:956,117 1035:332,351 1018:188,494 952:880,941 937:332,507 909:cycles 796:biomass 751:Escorts 730:Citroën 714:Renault 710:Peugeot 675:hydrous 635:ethanol 565:History 527:ethanol 514:at the 411:autogas 405:(CNG), 378:and as 364:Hi-Flex 361:Renault 294:bi-fuel 257:hydrous 253:E20-E25 175:(CNG), 149:ethanol 97:ethanol 64:updated 11014:Maglev 10866:Others 10764:Biogas 10547:engine 10215:Biogas 10121:20 May 10095:23 May 9864:22 May 9841:22 May 9662:18 May 9636:18 May 9604:18 May 9012:11 May 8984:11 May 8609:10 May 8527:23 May 8384:25 May 8361:25 May 7596:28 May 7455:BAFF. 7250:10 May 7160: 6920:(ICCT) 6532:11 May 6495:10 May 6404: 6396: 6346: 6338: 5411: 4505: 4495: 4457: 4109:23 May 4038: 3887:HS TGI 3820:Toyota 3623:Europe 3612:Brazil 3468:Sweden 3460:Brazil 3445:16.85/ 3436:4.560/ 3407:13.29/ 3398:3.060/ 3326:35,017 3204: 3194:Sweden 3191: 3181:Brazil 3178: 3114:Nissan 3110:Suzuki 3106:Toyota 3013:, and 3007:Guelph 2992:Ottawa 2982:Canada 2967:Mitsui 2963:Caltex 2941:Sydney 2660:sedans 2233:Madrid 2192:cheese 2152:Mondeo 2103:France 2070: 2049:Norway 2046: 2022: 1998: 1974: 1950: 1926: 1902: 1878: 1857:France 1854: 1830: 1806: 1795:184.3 1785:Sweden 1782: 1759:Number 1746: 1721:octane 1580:, and 1518:35,499 1500:25,868 1482:17,232 1472:15,379 1454:35,256 1436:39,848 1418:57,628 1401:Sales 1372:Sweden 1367:Europe 1273:) and 1188:Notes: 922:49,264 913:total 907:motor- 898:cycles 896:motor- 869:Total 844:Brazil 788:Taurus 734:Nissan 726:Toyota 637:up to 633:) and 413:), or 366:, and 42:, and 10580:motor 10506:boats 10028:(PDF) 10021:(PDF) 9992:(PDF) 9981:(PDF) 9932:(PDF) 9921:(PDF) 9598:(PDF) 9591:(PDF) 9275:. RFA 9273:(PDF) 9246:5 May 9218:5 May 9192:5 May 8640:(PDF) 8629:(PDF) 8514:(PDF) 8179:(PDF) 8172:(PDF) 8143:"E85" 7602:pp. 8 7590:(PDF) 7583:(PDF) 7328:Honda 7120:3 May 7114:(PDF) 7107:(PDF) 6913:(PDF) 6689:(PDF) 6682:(PDF) 6652:(PDF) 6623:(PDF) 6591:UNICA 6518:USDoE 6489:(PDF) 6482:(PDF) 6463:2 May 6431:(PDF) 6424:(PDF) 6402:S2CID 6344:S2CID 6280:(PDF) 6273:Oxfam 6269:(PDF) 6244:(PDF) 6237:(PDF) 6131:(PDF) 6028:(PDF) 5668:Motor 4880:(PDF) 4845:USDoE 4815:UNICA 4719:(PDF) 4708:(PDF) 4616:(PDF) 4609:(PDF) 4528:(PDF) 4503:S2CID 4393:(PDF) 4034:–41. 3845:Volvo 3799:Mazda 3762:Honda 3493:30.9% 3486:26.8% 3479:49.0% 3367:130.4 3364:184.2 3332:2,757 3329:1,723 3307:22.0% 3296:USDOE 3265:Maize 3122:Honda 3046:India 3023:wheat 2856:2010 2622:Total 2617:n.a. 2606:n.a. 2595:n.a. 2584:n.a. 2573:n.a. 2562:n.a. 2551:n.a. 2540:n.a. 2529:n.a. 2518:n.a. 2222:Spain 2201:C-max 2197:Maxol 2172:Dacia 2124:liter 2083:0.18 2073:Spain 2059:2.30 2035:0.34 1891:16.1 1819:42.7 1789:1,723 1764:As of 1598:Focus 1582:Växjö 1526:2,427 1508:2,914 1490:5,699 1464:1,074 1446:1,669 1428:1,926 1395:Sales 1353:Honda 1174:31.8 1072:48.2 1055:44.7 1038:18.2 1021:12.2 905:Flex 893:Flex 880:Flex 821:, an 718:Honda 529:, or 442:Bosch 372:Focus 352:, or 345:, or 340:Volvo 296:with 284:, or 119:) or 10704:List 10635:List 10578:and 10169:2008 10146:2008 10123:2019 10097:2019 10069:2011 10036:2009 10000:2011 9964:2011 9940:2011 9898:2010 9866:2009 9843:2009 9820:2008 9791:2008 9758:2008 9731:2008 9709:2008 9687:2008 9664:2009 9638:2009 9606:2009 9574:2008 9548:2008 9522:2008 9500:2008 9472:2008 9434:2008 9408:2010 9382:2010 9356:2008 9329:2008 9306:2008 9281:2015 9248:2011 9220:2011 9194:2011 9168:2008 9142:2008 9116:2011 9086:2011 9054:link 9040:2015 9014:2011 8986:2011 8959:2008 8932:2008 8903:2015 8873:2015 8841:2011 8812:2008 8786:2008 8757:2008 8734:2008 8711:2008 8681:help 8648:2015 8611:2011 8581:2013 8558:2013 8529:2020 8482:2008 8456:2008 8430:2008 8408:2008 8386:2009 8363:2009 8340:2018 8310:2008 8280:2008 8246:2008 8214:2008 8187:2008 8155:2008 8106:2008 8083:2008 8053:2008 8030:2008 8008:2008 7964:2008 7924:2008 7899:2008 7873:2020 7847:2020 7818:2011 7767:2019 7737:2019 7709:2008 7682:2008 7643:2008 7598:2011 7565:2008 7539:2008 7513:2008 7469:2008 7442:2015 7419:2013 7392:2010 7366:2009 7340:2003 7309:2013 7275:2009 7252:2008 7221:2008 7194:2008 7158:ISBN 7122:2008 7089:2015 7066:2015 7043:2013 7016:2013 6989:2010 6963:2010 6950:Veja 6927:2015 6892:2015 6865:2008 6838:2008 6744:2008 6711:link 6697:2012 6660:2012 6631:2011 6603:2010 6565:2018 6534:2013 6497:2008 6465:2008 6439:2008 6394:PMID 6336:PMID 6288:2008 6252:2008 6219:2008 6192:2008 6169:2008 6139:2008 6113:2010 6087:2009 6065:2008 6036:2011 6011:2008 5986:2008 5957:2008 5924:2011 5895:2008 5871:2008 5833:2008 5803:2008 5766:2008 5744:2008 5702:2012 5676:2018 5646:2018 5634:G1 ( 5594:2010 5563:2009 5518:2008 5492:2008 5467:2010 5441:2010 5409:ISBN 5385:2008 5357:2008 5329:2008 5299:2008 5270:2008 5244:2008 5217:2008 5191:2008 5163:2008 5136:2009 5110:2009 5084:2008 5060:2008 5034:2008 5006:2008 4980:2008 4946:2008 4920:2008 4888:2008 4857:2008 4827:2003 4794:2003 4760:2008 4727:2008 4687:2008 4657:2008 4624:2008 4588:2008 4566:2008 4536:2008 4493:ISBN 4455:ISBN 4401:2008 4373:2008 4351:2008 4329:2008 4299:2011 4254:2015 4215:2015 4179:2015 4145:2016 4111:2020 4080:2018 4036:ISBN 3858:Ford 3836:Vios 3828:C-HR 3786:HR-V 3513:and 3390:E100 3374:See 3351:1.7% 3345:100% 3313:4.0% 3310:4.7% 3207:U.S. 3128:and 3126:Tata 3069:milk 3065:whey 3021:and 3019:corn 2999:SUVs 2887:and 2764:and 2737:crop 2733:corn 2717:Ford 2670:and 2668:SUVs 2664:vans 2629:n.a. 2611:2018 2600:2017 2589:2016 2578:2015 2567:2014 2556:2013 2545:2012 2534:2011 2523:2010 2512:2009 2498:2008 2484:2007 2470:2006 2456:2005 2442:2004 2428:2003 2414:2002 2400:2001 2386:2000 2372:1999 2358:1998 2329:Year 2315:and 2295:E100 2285:and 2277:and 2188:whey 2130:and 2080:2011 2056:2011 2032:2011 2011:3.5 2008:2011 1987:5.5 1984:2011 1963:2.9 1960:2011 1939:7.9 1936:2011 1912:2020 1888:2011 1867:4.6 1864:2011 1843:4.3 1840:2011 1816:2011 1792:2011 1611:and 1588:and 1558:Umeå 1522:2014 1514:2007 1504:2013 1496:2006 1486:2012 1478:2005 1468:2011 1460:2004 1450:2010 1442:2003 1432:2009 1424:2002 1414:2008 1406:2001 1398:Year 1392:Year 1271:E100 1168:70.3 1151:81.9 1145:2017 1134:84.0 1128:2016 1117:85.4 1111:2015 1100:88.2 1094:2014 1083:84.2 1077:2013 1066:83.9 1060:2012 1049:80.7 1043:2011 1032:77.1 1026:2010 1015:84.0 1009:2009 1000:74.7 994:2008 985:69.1 979:2007 970:56.4 964:2006 955:36.7 949:2005 940:15.2 934:2004 919:2003 866:Year 852:and 736:and 695:Ford 693:and 683:Fiat 639:E100 602:and 569:The 487:Ford 465:and 446:Fiat 380:Flex 368:Ford 290:E100 272:The 224:E100 215:and 194:and 163:and 141:fuel 91:The 10784:E85 10746:ICE 7154:153 6386:doi 6374:319 6326:doi 6314:319 5858:doi 5666:UOL 4485:doi 3464:E25 3453:gal 3443:SEK 3434:R$ 3428:E25 3415:gal 3405:SEK 3396:R$ 3388:or 3386:E85 3370:6.5 3348:30% 3245:E75 3241:E70 3230:E85 3225:E85 3141:C30 3039:E85 2971:E85 2858:E85 2287:9-3 2283:9-5 2279:V70 2275:V50 2271:C30 2267:S40 2263:S80 2229:E85 2212:E85 2132:PSA 1909:148 1885:169 1861:304 1837:353 1813:426 1736:E85 1643:E85 1629:V70 1617:C30 1613:V50 1609:S40 1410:717 1323:E25 1286:Gol 1237:M85 1157:NA 1140:NA 1123:NA 1106:NA 1089:NA 925:2.9 777:or 753:to 706:Gol 649:- ( 604:LPG 600:CNG 556:as 392:M85 359:or 328:E85 310:E85 249:E75 245:E70 228:E85 205:M85 159:as 151:or 117:FFV 11061:: 10105:^ 10080:^ 10048:^ 9983:. 9906:^ 9882:. 9799:^ 9781:. 9766:^ 9622:. 9480:^ 9456:. 9442:^ 9398:. 9372:. 9237:. 9185:. 9070:. 9050:}} 9046:{{ 9031:. 9003:. 8976:. 8950:. 8889:. 8864:. 8852:^ 8829:. 8802:. 8777:. 8765:^ 8672:: 8670:}} 8666:{{ 8602:. 8598:. 8516:. 8446:. 8326:. 8296:. 8266:. 8254:^ 8222:^ 8114:^ 8069:. 7990:^ 7980:. 7935:^ 7907:^ 7863:. 7837:. 7775:^ 7753:. 7726:. 7668:. 7654:^ 7629:. 7607:^ 7521:^ 7477:^ 7357:. 7326:. 7238:. 7130:^ 6979:. 6947:. 6915:. 6900:^ 6811:. 6798:^ 6774:^ 6728:. 6707:}} 6703:{{ 6668:^ 6639:^ 6611:^ 6577:^ 6506:^ 6400:. 6392:. 6384:. 6372:. 6342:. 6334:. 6324:. 6312:. 6306:. 6271:. 6155:. 6103:. 6056:. 5994:^ 5965:^ 5943:. 5932:^ 5903:^ 5856:. 5811:^ 5774:^ 5728:. 5693:. 5620:^ 5610:. 5583:. 5571:^ 5549:. 5508:. 5475:^ 5308:^ 5278:^ 5127:. 4969:. 4955:^ 4897:^ 4865:^ 4835:^ 4802:^ 4768:^ 4736:^ 4710:. 4695:^ 4665:^ 4632:^ 4596:^ 4544:^ 4515:^ 4501:. 4491:. 4469:^ 4409:^ 4381:^ 4265:^ 4226:^ 4191:^ 4153:^ 4134:. 4122:^ 4113:. 4101:. 4088:^ 4050:^ 4032:40 4014:^ 3894:: 3882:: 3880:MG 3873:, 3869:: 3860:: 3851:, 3847:: 3838:, 3834:, 3830:, 3826:, 3822:: 3813:, 3809:, 3805:, 3801:: 3792:, 3788:, 3784:, 3780:, 3776:, 3772:, 3768:, 3764:: 3755:: 3727:, 3723:, 3719:, 3715:, 3711:, 3702:, 3698:, 3689:, 3670:, 3666:, 3662:, 3658:, 3649:, 3640:, 3636:, 3124:, 3120:, 3116:, 3112:, 3108:, 3009:, 2961:, 2957:, 2951:GM 2947:. 2914:GM 2891:. 2883:, 2879:, 2875:, 2780:LT 2721:GM 2666:, 2662:, 2273:, 2269:, 2265:, 2148:EU 2077:19 2053:19 2029:21 2005:29 1981:34 1957:48 1933:62 1915:? 1717:V8 1576:, 1572:, 1568:, 1564:, 1560:, 1229:°F 1225:°C 1154:NA 1137:NA 1120:NA 1103:NA 1086:NA 810:. 732:, 728:, 724:, 720:, 712:, 691:GM 689:, 685:, 653:: 241:°F 237:°C 190:, 183:. 111:A 103:, 99:, 38:, 34:, 10431:e 10424:t 10417:v 10390:e 10383:t 10376:v 10171:. 10148:. 10125:. 10099:. 10071:. 10043:. 10038:. 10007:. 10002:. 9966:. 9942:. 9900:. 9868:. 9845:. 9822:. 9793:. 9760:. 9733:. 9711:. 9689:. 9666:. 9640:. 9608:. 9576:. 9550:. 9524:. 9502:. 9474:. 9436:. 9410:. 9384:. 9358:. 9331:. 9308:. 9283:. 9255:. 9250:. 9222:. 9196:. 9170:. 9144:. 9118:. 9088:. 9056:) 9042:. 9016:. 8988:. 8961:. 8934:. 8905:. 8875:. 8843:. 8814:. 8788:. 8759:. 8736:. 8713:. 8683:) 8679:( 8650:. 8613:. 8583:. 8560:. 8531:. 8498:. 8484:. 8458:. 8432:. 8410:. 8388:. 8365:. 8342:. 8312:. 8282:. 8248:. 8216:. 8189:. 8157:. 8108:. 8085:. 8055:. 8032:. 8010:. 7984:. 7966:. 7926:. 7901:. 7875:. 7849:. 7820:. 7769:. 7739:. 7711:. 7684:. 7645:. 7600:. 7567:. 7541:. 7515:. 7471:. 7444:. 7421:. 7394:. 7368:. 7342:. 7311:. 7277:. 7254:. 7223:. 7196:. 7166:. 7124:. 7091:. 7068:. 7045:. 7023:. 7018:. 6991:. 6965:. 6929:. 6894:. 6867:. 6840:. 6746:. 6713:) 6699:. 6662:. 6633:. 6605:. 6572:. 6567:. 6536:. 6499:. 6467:. 6441:. 6408:. 6388:: 6380:: 6350:. 6328:: 6320:: 6290:. 6254:. 6221:. 6194:. 6171:. 6141:. 6115:. 6089:. 6067:. 6038:. 6013:. 5988:. 5959:. 5926:. 5897:. 5873:. 5860:: 5835:. 5805:. 5768:. 5746:. 5704:. 5678:. 5648:. 5638:) 5596:. 5565:. 5520:. 5494:. 5469:. 5443:. 5417:. 5387:. 5359:. 5331:. 5301:. 5272:. 5246:. 5219:. 5193:. 5165:. 5138:. 5112:. 5086:. 5062:. 5036:. 5008:. 4982:. 4948:. 4922:. 4890:. 4859:. 4829:. 4796:. 4762:. 4729:. 4689:. 4659:. 4626:. 4590:. 4568:. 4538:. 4509:. 4487:: 4463:. 4403:. 4375:. 4353:. 4331:. 4301:. 4256:. 4217:. 4186:. 4181:. 4147:. 4082:. 4044:. 3569:) 3565:( 3559:. 3462:( 3447:L 3438:L 3409:L 3400:L 2250:£ 2246:p 2120:€ 2112:2 1683:2 1231:) 641:. 629:( 537:. 300:. 123:( 115:( 76:) 72:( 66:. 46:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Flexible-fuel vehicle

Index