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with the end of
British colonial rule in India, an end to Portuguese colonial rule would logically follow. However, on 3 August 1947, Lohia announced that Goa's independence would not coincide with Indian independence and that the Goans would have to continue their struggle, "not just for civil liberties, but for freedom itself".
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defied the
Portuguese police and military, entered the borders of Goa, raised Indian Tricolour, and were fired upon and lathi-charged brutally. Many were killed, many more others arrested and sent to jails inside Goa and inhumanly treated. Many others were even sent to jails in Portugal and were brutally tortured.
349:. There were 14 local revolts against Portuguese rule (the final attempt in 1912), but none of these uprisings was successful. The failure of these uprisings was due to the lack of interest from the majority of Goans, who were comfortable with Portuguese rule and were not interested in change, especially since the
960:
The
Portuguese responded to the Satyagrahas, which continued throughout 1955, by sealing Goa's borders in an attempt to curb the growing illegal immigration from India. By 1955, the Indian government had developed a clear policy on Portuguese Goan territory, which supported merger of Goa with India.
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in
Portugal (a representative body of the Indian government), sought to negotiate with Portugal on the issue of its territories in India. The Indian government offered a direct transfer; however, the Portuguese refused and diplomatic relations between the two countries deteriorated. On 11 June 1953,
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should attempt to unite under the common objective of achieving civil liberties. In response to Gandhi's suggestion, the different Goan political factions met in Bombay in June 1947 to formally launch a campaign demanding that the
Portuguese government "quit India". The Goan leadership believed that
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in 1946 where the crowd responded by hailing India, Gandhi and the two men, leading to the duo's arrest by colonial authorities who feared civil unrest. By the end of the day, Menezes was released and Lohia was driven outside of Goa and released. Their arrest at the demonstration motivated people to
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decided to send batches of satyahrahis since the middle of 1955 to the borders of Goa and even inside. Countrywide lists of satyagrahis were prepared, who were then sent to Goa borders in a series of memorable satyagrahas, which has few parallels in the annuls of the history. Batches after batches
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Many Goan Hindus were bitter and resentful that the majority of native Goans were
Catholic, because Portugal had ruled Goa since 1510. This bitterness was compounded by Goan Catholics being, on average, more educated and hence more economically prosperous than Goan Hindus. According to the 1909
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In 1961, India proclaimed that Goa should join India "either with full peace or with full use of force". In August 1961, India began military preparations. Following Nehru's statement on 1 December 1961, that India would "not remain silent" in relation to the Goan situation, Indian troops were
894:
With the exception of a small number of satyagrahas and the activities of the All-Goa
Political Party Committee, lacking the support of the national Indian government, the anti-colonial movement lost its momentum. Pro-independence advocacy actions were sporadic and few were willing to involve
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was closed and diplomatic ties were formally severed. In July 1953, Nehru stated that the Indian government's position involved French and
Portuguese colonies in India integrating into the Indian Union. Despite Nehru clearly stating India's policy in relation to colonial outposts, Portugal and
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On 15 August 1954, hundreds of
Indians (mostly from Maharashtra) crossed the Portuguese Goan borders, defying a ban by the Indian government on participating in Satyagrahas. The Portuguese responded to the incursion by shooting at the Satyagrahis, some of whom were injured or killed.
961:
Between 1955 and 1961, six political parties were formed in India to advocate for an end to
Portuguese colonial rule. These parties included Azad Gomantak Dal, Rancour Patriota, the United Front of Goans, Goan People's Party, Goa Liberation Army and Quit Goa Organisation.
610:(non-violent civil-disobedience actions) were held in Goa with many of the leaders of these actions being arrested. With the arrest of the leadership, much of the momentum of the movement was lost and, subsequently, the Goa Congress began to operate from Bombay.
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statistics in the Catholic Encyclopedia, the total Catholic population was 293,628 out of a total population 365,291 (80.33%). Following his release from prison, P.D. Gaitonde conducted a series of international lectures, claiming Hindu dominance of Goa.
844:
had a pact to protect each other in the event that any member state came under attack from an external force. Although the NATO treaty did not cover colonies, Portugal insisted that its overseas interests were not colonies but an integral part of the
451:. Strict censorship policies required any material containing printed words, including invitation cards, to be submitted to a censorship committee for screening. The Portuguese governor of Goa was empowered to suspend publication, close down
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In 1954, the Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti (All-Party Goa Liberation Committee), was formed with the aim of continuing the civil disobedience campaign and providing financial and political assistance to the satyagrahis. The Maharashtra and
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and raised the issue of Goa's integration into the Indian Union. The Portuguese, who valued their strategic Indian colonial outposts, were unwilling to negotiate and by 1948, the Goan anti-colonial movement had virtually disbanded.
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also wrote many articles and books, claiming that Konkani language was a dialect of Marathi and so Goa needed to be merged with Maharashtra. These propaganda campaigns enabled the Indian government to become more anti-Portuguese.
985:: Goenche Sadvonecho Awaz) that carried messages about the independence movement. These were broadcast from outside Goa's borders and often from neighboring states like the present day Maharashtra and Karnataka.
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on 28 July 1954, and took it on 2 August. India could not immediately assimilate these enclaves into the Indian Union, due to the contravention of international law involved. Both enclaves instead functioned as
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The success of the post independence Goans struggle for freedom from Portugal owed as much to the efforts of the Indian Government who cut off diplomatic ties with Portugal as to the work of freedom fighters
628:
Mahatma Gandhi sensed that an independence movement with such disparate perspectives would be ineffective and could undermine the struggle for independence. So Gandhi suggested that the various independence
308:
The Portuguese colonised India in 1510, conquering many parts of the western coast and establishing several colonies in the east. By the end of the 19th century, Portuguese colonies in India were limited to
700:
to pursue autonomy. Bhembre's committee failed to provoke a response from the Portuguese administration, and subsequently the last demand for autonomy was made by Purushottam Kakodkar in early 1961.
887:
Nehru's denouncement of the Satyagraha severely impacted on the independence movement. Following Nehru's professed lack of support for the satyagrahi, a satyagrahi plan to cross the Goan border at
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themselves in the movement. On 18 June 1954, Satyagrahis infiltrated Goa and hoisted the Indian flag; however, the demonstrators and suspected sympathisers were arrested, and anti-colonialist
595:
hold large-scale protests in support of the independence movement, which resulted in large-scale arrests and the incarceration of over 1,500 people. Other leaders, including Bragança Cunha,
274:
of the 19th century, and grew powerful during the period 1940–1961. The movement was conducted both inside and outside Goa, and was characterised by a range of tactics including
765:, founded by Shivajirao Desai, an Indian army officer in the 1950s, attempted to utilise revolutionary tactics and direct action strategies to challenge Portuguese colonialism.
849:. Hence, in order for India to avoid NATO involvement in Goa, the Indian government was impeded from speaking out against Portugal's response to satyagraha protest actions.
884:
due to the actions of the Satyagrahas in crossing Portuguese Goan borders. Nehru was subsequently pressured to announce that India formally disapproved of the Satyagrahas.
394:
counterparts. The conspirators unsuccessfully tried to replace Portuguese rule with self-rule under Ignacio Pinto, the head of the family of the Pintos with the support of
537:(Colonial Act), which restricted political rallies and meetings within all Portuguese colonies. The introduction of this act politically relegated Goa to the status of a
613:
During the mid-1940s, a number of new political parties emerged in Goa, each having a conflicting agenda and perspective in relation to achieving Goan independence and
637:
The failure of Goa to achieve independence as part of the national independence struggle, in conjunction with mixed signals from the new national Indian leadership in
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tactics, while Azad Gomantak Dal advocated revolutionary methods. On 15 August 1954, a mass satyagraha was instigated; however, despite the use of non-violent
802:
In Goa, the anti-colonial movement had evolved into two camps, which advocated distinct anti-colonial strategies. The National Congress Goa utilised peaceful
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was held in which the people of Goa voted against merger with Maharashtra. Portugal recognised Goa's accession into the Indian union only in 1974. In 1987,
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attracted very few supporters. Despite the low turnout, a small group managed to cross the Goan border to successfully occupy the Terekhol fort overnight.
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Within Goa and Portugal, periodic demands for autonomy for Portuguese India continued. In July 1946, a public meeting was held which openly petitioned the
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A group of armed members from the National Movement Liberation Organisation (NMLO), an umbrella organisation involving Nationalist group like the
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assisted the liberation committee, motivated by an agenda for independent Goa to merge into Maharashtra state. The liberation committee and the
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which refused to comply with these policies. Many Goans criticised the curtailing of press freedoms, stating that the only newspapers and
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The Portuguese government pressured the Indian National Congress to disaffiliate the National Congress (Goa); however, in 1938, Goans in
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The struggle for Goa's liberty was two fold – from within Goa and from the outside Goa – which was conducted by the Indian Government.
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During this period, in addition to local newspapers and periodicals that were heavily censored, there was also movements such as the
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conducted on 18 and 19 December 1961, Indian troops captured Goa with little resistance. The Governor-general of Portuguese India,
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independent states, administered by a self-declared government called the Varishta Panchayat of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
418:; however, when Portuguese colonial policies remained unchanged, an organised and dedicated anti-colonial movement emerged.
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841:
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672:. De Mello sought independence for Goa, Daman and Diu as autonomous state entities within the framework of a Portuguese
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in 1787. The cause of the revolt was racial discrimination by the Portuguese in the church and the administration. The
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1298:"International Reactions to Indian Attack on Goa. - Soviet Veto of Western Cease-fire Resolution in security Council"
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lay with the Portuguese and in dissociating themselves from cultural-political relationship with the rest of India.
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and harsh repression by the Portuguese, led to a temporary lull in the Goan independence movement. Similarly, the
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to grant India independence. After this development, Indian leaders focused their attention on the movements in
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charged the protesters and opened fire on the satyagraha, resulting in several deaths and hundreds of injuries.
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1271:
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428:, the first Portuguese language newspaper in Goa, which was critical of Portuguese colonial rule. In 1917, the
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in 1961, causing a mixture of worldwide acclaim and condemnation, and incorporated the territories into India.
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696:. The meeting was facilitated by José Inácio de Loyola, and inspired the formation of a committee chaired by
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diverted the focus of the national Indian leadership from the anti-colonial struggles in the Portuguese and
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1103:. The film portrays the story of seven Indians who attempt to liberate Goa from Portuguese colonial rule.
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formed the Goa Action Committee to coordinate the various anti-colonial groups working independently in
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1552:"BLOOD, NEMESIS AND MISREADING QUITE WHAT MAKES GOAN SOCIETY TICK by Ben Antao, review by Lino Leitao"
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even if not completely in practice. The other option for them would have been British rule as part of
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After the failure of diplomacy with the Portuguese government, the Government of India ordered the
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443:, the Portuguese government in Goa implemented policies which curtailed civil liberties, including
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617:. These political parties advocated for vastly different policies including Goa's merger with
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Professor Froilano de Mello, MD (1887–1955): A short biography of his life and achievements
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8:
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were held in Goa, followed by assembly elections in December 1962. On 16 January 1967, a
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protest strategies, the Portuguese authorities assaulted and arrested many participants.
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Following national Indian independence, a separate demand for independence was raised by
549:, which contributed significantly to growing resentment against the colonial government.
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1530:
1398:
Janaka Perera, Goa's Liberation and Sri Lanka's Crisis, Asian Tribune, 18 December 2006
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2023:
1114: : "The Call") is another film based on Goan Freedom Movement. It was directed by
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Teotonio R. de Souza, "The Church in Goa: Giving to Caesar What is Caesar's?" para 5
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an empire known to treat its subjects who did not have citizenship rights far worse.
345:) resented Portuguese rule and wanted to lead Goa themselves under the rule of local
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P S Lele, Dadra and Nagar Haveli: past and present, Published by Usha P. Lele, 1987,
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of the Catholic Church in Goa issued over 60 official letters to the priests of the
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By the 1940s, the Goan independence movement had gained momentum, inspired by the
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Azad Gomantak Dal, a revolutionary group, vowed to fight the Portuguese using
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1987:
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1075:
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1055:, but independent between 1954 and 1961, became a separate Union Territory.
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emerged as an important leader of the freedom movement. Along with activist
522:, the Goa Congress Committee received recognition and representation in the
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1977:
1967:
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1972:
1957:
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strongly supported pro-colonial policies and attempted to influence Goan
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840:, the Indian government was reticent to react to the situation. NATO
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625:, independent statehood for Goa and autonomy within Portuguese rule.
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was arrested for publicly protesting Portuguese colonialist policy.
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in an attempt to persuade the Portuguese to leave India peacefully.
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their colonies. Subsequently, India launched a campaign through the
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established diplomatic ties. In January 1948, Indian Prime Minister
76:
1891:
1704:"The Underground Voice That Fought for Goa, Meet Unsung Libia Lobo"
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1028:
950:
896:
709:
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A year later, another protest was organised on the same date. The
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1992:
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1576:"Revisiting Goa's Liberation Story on its 59th Independence Day"
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2018:
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the Portuguese permitted them to publish were pro-colonialist
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because of their participation in the independence protests.
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27:
Movement in Goa fought to end Portuguese colonial rule in Goa
1039:, formally integrating the captured territories into India.
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The Portuguese government appealed to various international
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1594:
880:, charging India with violation of Portugal's territorial
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collaboratively organised several satyagrahas in 1954–55.
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1678:"'Voice of Freedom' and the battle for airwaves over Goa"
1067:
498:, instructing them to preach to their congregations that
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263:
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that sought to join the newly independent Indian state.
541:. The Portuguese also introduced a policy of compulsory
414:
in 1910 raised hopes that the colonies would be granted
1636:
Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire
906:
590:, he hosted a pro-independence gathering lohia maidan,
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state, Goa's merger with the southern Indian state of
382:
An early attempt to overthrow Portuguese rule was the
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1953 onwards: intensification of Satyagraha movement
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to oppose the independence movement. The Portuguese
270:. The movement built on the small scale revolts and
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829:state, through the Goa border. The security forces
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1153:Some of Goa's independence activists, as seen in
357:were considered equal citizens under the laws of
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2212:National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research
1350:
1570:
1568:
606:During October and November 1946, a series of
390:subjects were not given equal rights as their
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372:
286:efforts. However, Portuguese control of its
2065:Church and Convent of St. Francis of Assisi
913:Indian annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
474:denouncing the law and, for some time, the
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1747:
1733:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
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514:founded the Goa National Congress. At the
202:. Please do not remove this message until
1099:) is a 1969 film written and directed by
240:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
1422:
944:and Azad Gomantak Dal, led an attack on
933:under leaders like Francis Mascarenhas,
899:Dr. Gaitonde and Shriyut Deshpande were
708:In December 1947, independent India and
692:administration to grant autonomy to the
353:had been abolished. In addition to that
198:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1633:
1497:
1403:
1373:
749:
599:and Laxmikant Bhembre were deported to
14:
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1701:
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1483:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
921:forced the Portuguese to retreat from
683:
470:Menezes Bragança organised a rally in
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1392:
1215:
1051:, which was previously a part of the
1035:passed the 12th Amendment Act to the
1015:, signed an instrument of surrender.
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556:formed the Provisional Goa Congress.
478:received the same rights as mainland
401:
1702:Baruah, Rishika (18 December 2015).
1665:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1658:
1618:
1500:"The forgotten history of 18th June"
1078:continued as a new Union Territory.
1018:
992:
989:stationed close to the Goan border.
937:, Parulekar, Vaz, Rodriguez, Cunha.
907:Liberation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
172:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
70:
29:
258:was a movement which fought to end
24:
2207:National Institute of Oceanography
1264:
25:
2511:
1550:Leitao, Lino (23 December 2005).
1498:Miranda, Karsten (18 June 2015).
529:In May 1930, Portugal passed the
45:This article has multiple issues.
2500:20th century in Portuguese India
2495:19th century in Portuguese India
2070:Church of Our Lady of the Rosary
1756:
1675:
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1184:
1172:
1160:
836:As Portugal was now a member of
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75:
34:
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1074:and made a full-fledged state.
981:(Portuguese: Voz da Liberdade;
432:law was passed, overseeing all
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337:Revolts against Portuguese rule
298:Portuguese possessions in India
290:colonies ended only when India
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1450:
1423:Sakshena, R.N. (1 June 2003).
1378:. Lonely Planet. p. 224.
1319:
1290:
1013:Manuel AntĂłnio Vassalo e Silva
13:
1:
2427:Kadamba Transport Corporation
1247:"History of Goa – Goa's Past"
1208:
2490:Indian independence movement
2055:Churches and Convents of Goa
1605:"50 Years of Goa Liberation"
1118:in 1983, acted by superstar
724:In January 1953, the Indian
670:Portuguese National Assembly
566:Indian independence movement
524:All-India Congress Committee
505:
7:
2381:Dr. Rajendra Prasad Stadium
1866:Fire and Emergency Services
1125:
1007:to take Goa by force. In a
942:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
204:conditions to do so are met
10:
2516:
1332:. Lonely Planet. pp.
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996:
910:
647:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
484:Portuguese Catholic Church
455:and impose heavy fines on
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2006:
1933:
1910:
1879:
1831:
1773:
821:leader, Karnataka Kesari
781:Tristão de Bragança Cunha
729:the Indian delegation in
512:Tristão de Bragança Cunha
373:The independence movement
110:"Goa liberation movement"
2153:Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary
1429:. Abhinav Publications.
1426:Goa: Into the Mainstream
1081:
1025:Kunhiraman Palat Candeth
919:Communist Party of India
870:Communist Party of India
559:
520:Indian National Congress
420:LuĂs de Menezes Bragança
384:Conspiracy of the Pintos
343:Conspiracy of the Pintos
2480:Goa liberation movement
2325:Churchill Brothers S.C.
2075:Church of St. Augustine
1634:Crowley, Roger (2015).
1536:28 January 2012 at the
1027:was appointed military
439:In reaction to growing
292:invaded and annexed Goa
256:Goa liberation movement
18:Freedom fighters in goa
1823:1967 status referendum
1374:Harding, Paul (2003).
1326:Amelia Thomas (2009).
1049:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
791:and non-Goans offered
2345:Sporting Clube de Goa
2340:Sesa Football Academy
2060:Basilica of Bom Jesus
1662:Catholic Encyclopedia
1659:Hull, Ernest (1909).
1508:. Goa. Archived from
1037:Constitution of India
1031:of Goa. In 1963, the
917:On 21 July 1954, the
863:Praja Socialist Party
859:Praja Socialist Party
769:Quit Goa Organisation
2376:Tilak Maidan Stadium
2121:Wildlife sanctuaries
1846:Legislative Assembly
1278:on 28 September 2007
927:landlocked territory
750:Revolutionary groups
678:British Commonwealth
597:Purushottam Kakodkar
367:Francisco LuĂs Gomes
95:improve this article
2437:Mormugao Port Trust
2397:Goa Football League
2112:Shanta Durga Temple
1813:Liberation movement
1803:Portuguese conquest
1638:. Faber and Faber.
1272:"Liberation of Goa"
1223:"Liberation of Goa"
1070:was separated from
1060:Panchayat elections
1033:Parliament of India
1005:Indian Armed Forces
799:with the struggle.
763:Goa Liberation Army
716:met the Portuguese
684:Demand for autonomy
660:, a prominent Goan
412:Portuguese monarchy
260:Portuguese colonial
191:of this article is
2085:St. Cajetan Church
1582:. 18 December 2020
1101:Khwaja Ahmad Abbas
1041:Goa, Daman and Diu
1009:military operation
847:Nation of Portugal
823:Jagannathrao Joshi
808:civil disobedience
704:Diplomatic efforts
643:partition of India
570:British government
416:self-determination
402:Early 20th century
2467:
2466:
2405:
2404:
2315:Goa football team
1856:Political parties
1818:Indian annexation
1645:978-0-571-29090-1
1436:978-81-7017-005-1
1385:978-1-74059-139-3
1343:978-1-74104-894-0
1142:Annexation of Goa
1058:In October 1962,
1019:Subsequent events
999:Annexation of Goa
993:Liberation of Goa
975:underground radio
676:, similar to the
658:Froilano de Mello
584:Ram Manohar Lohia
341:Some Goans (e.g.
250:
249:
242:
232:
231:
224:
171:
170:
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1084:
1053:Estado da India
1045:Union territory
1021:
1001:
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935:Narayan Palekar
915:
909:
777:
752:
706:
694:Estado da India
686:
651:French colonies
562:
518:session of the
508:
482:. However, the
434:civil liberties
404:
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375:
365:, as stated by
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1783:History of Goa
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2024:Vasco da Gama
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757:direct action
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533:Acto Colonial
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363:British India
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280:revolutionary
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112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
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89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2485:Colonial Goa
2456:
2449:
2390:Competitions
2080:Se Cathedral
1812:
1711:. Retrieved
1707:
1697:
1685:. Retrieved
1681:
1671:
1661:
1654:
1635:
1629:
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1584:. Retrieved
1579:
1555:. Retrieved
1545:
1540:– Goacom.com
1526:
1514:. Retrieved
1510:the original
1503:
1493:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:the original
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1425:
1394:
1375:
1328:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1307:. March 1962
1305:stanford.edu
1304:
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:the original
1266:
1257:
1250:. Retrieved
1241:
1233:
1226:. Retrieved
1217:
1105:
1096:
1086:
1085:
1057:
1022:
1002:
987:
972:
963:
959:
955:
946:Nagar Haveli
939:
931:Nagar Haveli
916:
893:
886:
875:
867:
851:
835:
816:
801:
778:
759:strategies.
723:
707:
698:Uday Bhembre
687:
674:commonwealth
655:
636:
627:
612:
605:
582:
578:French India
563:
551:
543:conscription
530:
528:
509:
469:
438:
429:
423:
405:
381:
378:18th century
340:
327:Nagar Haveli
307:
282:methods and
255:
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236:
218:
209:
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2458:Wikiproject
2230:Comunidades
1958:Dharbandora
1713:25 December
1687:25 December
1116:Ramesh Behl
1112:translation
1093:translation
882:sovereignty
827:Maharashtra
738:refused to
619:Maharashtra
608:satyagrahas
554:Bombay city
496:archdiocese
467:materials.
461:periodicals
396:Tipu Sultan
2474:Categories
2350:Vasco S.C.
2330:Dempo S.C.
2260:Literature
2097:Fontainhas
1861:Goa Police
1851:State seal
1833:Government
1469:9 November
1209:References
1064:referendum
929:bordering
925:, a small
819:Jana Sangh
804:satyagraha
797:solidarity
793:Satyagraha
726:delegation
488:Christians
480:Portuguese
465:propaganda
457:newspapers
445:censorship
392:Portuguese
284:diplomatic
276:nonviolent
189:neutrality
121:newspapers
50:improve it
2410:Transport
2168:Education
2133:Netravali
1925:South Goa
1920:North Goa
1912:Districts
1880:Geography
1580:NewsClick
1505:O Heraldo
1203:Mitra Bir
1043:became a
897:activists
779:In 1953,
639:New Delhi
623:Karnataka
510:In 1928,
506:1920–1940
500:salvation
492:Patriarch
425:O Heraldo
408:abolition
272:uprisings
212:July 2021
200:talk page
151:June 2013
56:talk page
2451:Category
2181:Colleges
2138:Mahadayi
1963:Mormugao
1953:Canacona
1948:Bicholim
1892:Sonsogor
1708:TheQuint
1534:Archived
1479:cite web
1311:24 April
1126:See also
1029:governor
977:station
951:de facto
901:deported
710:Portugal
645:and the
631:factions
615:autonomy
601:Portugal
516:Calcutta
436:in Goa.
422:founded
359:Portugal
262:rule in
193:disputed
2235:Cuisine
2222:Culture
2195:Science
2186:Schools
2143:Cotigao
2092:Old Goa
2039:Old Goa
1998:Tiswadi
1993:Sattari
1988:Sanguem
1983:Salcete
1935:Talukas
1775:History
1610:24 July
1586:24 July
1516:25 July
1442:1 April
1148:Gallery
983:Konkani
855:Gujarat
690:Salazar
668:in the
447:of the
441:dissent
410:of the
135:scholar
2364:Stadia
2355:FC Goa
2300:Sports
2275:Shigmo
2148:Bondla
2128:Mollem
2029:Mapusa
2019:Margao
2014:Panjim
2007:Cities
1978:Quepem
1968:Pernem
1943:Bardez
1902:Rivers
1676:IANS.
1642:
1557:23 May
1433:
1382:
1340:
1282:1 June
1252:1 June
1228:1 June
878:powers
785:Mumbai
736:France
731:Lisbon
718:consul
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