27:
124:
611:"turned hot", naval convoys reinforcing Europe from the U.S. would suffer unacceptable losses if Soviet submarines could operate in the North Atlantic. The United States and Britain based much of their post-war naval strategy on blocking the gap, installing a chain of underwater listening posts right across it during the 1950s â an example of a
409:
relied on the ability of its nuclear submarines to pass through the GIUK gap in order to ensure maximum military capability. The introduction of long-range precision strike weapons, however, have reduced the significance of the GIUK gap in relation to intercontinental attacks and made it possible for
721:
to participate in submarine drills that were the largest, on the
Russian side, since Cold War operations Aport and Atrina. The main task of the submarines was reportedly testing Russian ability to breach the GIUK gap undetected and sail into the Atlantic Ocean. The drills were expected to last up to
689:
Crossing the GIUK gap was a major strategic move for Ocean
Venture in 1992, in which 84 NATO ships, including 4 US aircraft carriers, departed from their usual August exercise pattern, deployed a decoy south toward the mid-Atlantic, and then entered waters in a move that had historically been
473:
are increasing. NATO intelligence and security officials confirm these reports, warning that Russia has both the intent and necessary capabilities to target critical seabed installations if they so choose. While such infrastructure has always been associated with some risk, the dependency of
1463:
464:
The
Russian fleet has in recent years strategically upgraded its capabilities for covert subsea operations related to the targeting of seabed infrastructure and reports of Russian "mapping" of critical seabed infrastructure in the
531:
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the exploitation of the GIUK gap by northern forces and measures to patrol and secure the gap by opposing forces have played an important role in naval and in overall military planning.
1471:
871:
The location of
Iceland in the gap made it a participant in the Cold War and a target for a nuclear strike, especially through the introduction of the aforementioned Keflavik atomic bomber NATO base.
523:, this means Spain, France, and Portugal are the only Continental European countries that possess direct access to the Atlantic Ocean that cannot easily be blocked at a choke point by the Royal Navy.
656:
The largest
Russian submarine drills through the GIUK gap were operations Aport and Atrina, in 1985 and 1987, respectively, when the Soviets deployed several SSNs near the U.S. coast before the
599:
The GIUK gap again became the focus of naval planning in the 1950s, as it represented the only available outlet into the
Atlantic Ocean for Soviet submarines operating from their bases on the
796:, whose officers were defecting to the United States with clandestine stealth technology. The event causes significant political and military tension between the United States and the
393:
is equipping its
Seahawk helicopters with sonar equipment and torpedoes. The upgrades have yet to be delivered, however, with delivery projections estimating 2024 at the earliest.
1333:
178:. The term is typically used in relation to military topics. The area has for some nations been considered strategically important since the beginning of the 20th century.
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1718:
1180:
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as a central component of its foreign security policy and will continue to expand its spending, surveillance and military presence in the region.
1385:
717:, Norway, ten submarines of Russia's Northern Fleet, among them two diesel-electric and eight non-strategic nuclear, left their homebases in the
587:
or the "Greenland air gap". This gap was an area that land-based aircraft could not reach and where, as a result, they could not carry out their
515:, one of the world's busiest seaways, or through one of the exits on either side of Iceland. As the British also control the strategic port of
1708:
686:
and reduced their need to transit the GIUK gap. The much reduced, post-Cold War
Russian Navy has even less need to transit the GIUK gap.
1753:
511:, as any attempt by northern European forces to break into the open Atlantic would have to be made either through the heavily defended
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805:
1599:
1412:
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actor on matters of geopolitical security and great-power tensions. Danish assertion of sovereignty in the GIUK gap and the wider
753:
discusses the strategic importance of the GIUK gap during World War II naval operations in the
Atlantic theatre, and depicts the
557:
230:
1437:
862:
naval warfare simulation were based around defending the GIUK Gap. Tom Clancy used the simulation to test the naval battles for
478:
and its allies on them are only increasing and is therefore posing a major threat in times of tension short of actual conflict.
545:
1589:"Ocean Venture 92: An Assessment of a Maritime Prepositioning Force/Joint Logistics Over the Shore Instream Offload Exercise"
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is taking further steps to equip its ASW-frigates with sonar equipment, making them better equipped to detect and track
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759:
482:
91:
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2022, the station was undergoing preparations to be reopened, closing an important surveillance gap in the GIUK gap.
110:
63:
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841:
and invades
Iceland. This causes the line to be destroyed, creating a gap in NATO's surveillance and allowing the
615:"sound surveillance system". This deployment of sonar surveillance in the gap, and elsewhere, hampered the Soviet
1693:
801:
706:
299:
to be a key player in matters of broader European security and increasing the gap's strategic importance to the
70:
1497:
Stalking the Red Bear: The True Story of a U.S. Cold War Submarine's Covert Operations Against the Soviet Union
1467:
48:
1541:
903:
853:, hindering NATO's war effort during the defense against the less-successful Soviet invasion of West Germany.
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to enter the North Atlantic. The subsequent Soviet submarine attacks and air raids cause serious damage to
754:
1334:"Forsvarsanalytiker: Dansk forsvar stür ved en skillevej, og det kommende forsvarsforlig bliver afgørende"
418:. Still, the GIUK gap remains the obvious access point for Russian military operations in the wider North
354:
in case of actual conflict. In 2021, Denmark unveiled a $ 250m investment in surveillance capabilities in
77:
679:
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ships, especially aircraft carriers, heading towards the Soviet Union. Ships and submarines as well as
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to assist in protecting this critical infrastructure, including the vast number of seabed data cables.
442:
438:
331:
930: â Area of the Atlantic ocean lying immediately to the west of Ireland and parts of Great Britain
622:
The Royal Navy's primary mission during the Cold War, excluding its nuclear deterrent role, involved
583:
The origin of the term "gap" dates to this period, when there was a gap in air coverage known as the
229:
for its allies. In doing so, Denmark has arguably acquired a sense of goodwill from particularly the
59:
44:
1224:
789:, the line was used to detect Soviet submarines entering the North Atlantic in pursuit of the rogue
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dramatized the tension of these geopolitics from the perspective of an Icelandic maid in the novel
785:
1250:
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858:
790:
37:
1360:"Politikere vil have bedre bevogtning i vores farvande: 'Beredskabet pĂĽ havet er ikke godt nok'"
564:
in May 1940; the United States took over effective control of Greenland in 1940. But the German
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1502:
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in 1939, German ships used the gap to break out from their bases in northern Germany (and from
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166:, the gap being the two stretches of open ocean among these three landmasses. It separates the
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so that a man could walk from Greenland to Iceland to Scotland without getting his feet wet."
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were home to an air surveillance radar station, providing vital radar coverage during the
8:
1643:"Russia Sends Ten Subs Into North Atlantic In Drill Unprecedented In Size Since Cold War"
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The Danish government has historically used its jurisdiction over foreign policy in both
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Maintaining thorough surveillance of the GIUK gap is crucial in order to ensure that
1181:"Gauging the Gap: The GreenlandâIcelandâUnited Kingdom Gap â A Strategic Assessment"
1565:
CSF 2017 | John F. Lehman: The Role of U.S. Naval War College in Resolving Conflict
1009:
915:
877:
864:
821:
634:
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342:. Military bases, space bases, surveillance drones and radar installations in both
1386:"Russia 'mapping' critical energy infrastructure, say Dutch intelligence agencies"
1013:
139:(sometimes written G-I-UK) is an area in the northern Atlantic Ocean that forms a
1669:"Harpoon Naval Warfare Simulation Game â AGSI â Harpoon Commanders Edition (HCE)"
1277:
951:
897:
646:
512:
967:
1141:
Choi, Tim (2020). "Not for Sale: Trump, Greenland and Danish Naval Diplomacy".
942: â Strait between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra
809:
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703:
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is an Arctic state alongside seven other countries whose territories cover the
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1251:"Denmark raises investment in Arctic surveillance to counter Russian build-up"
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proves the fragility of seabed infrastructure and underscore the need for the
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1617:"Russian subs honing stealth skills in major North Atlantic drill, says"
1413:"Russian 'Ghost Ships' Are Turning the Seabed Into a Future Battlefield"
1278:"Forsvaret har taget to smĂĽ skridt i retning af at kunne bekĂŚmpe ubĂĽde"
1162:
Efter Freden: Ukrainekrigens betydning for dansk og europĂŚisk sikkerhed
970: â Militarily and strategically important area in Romania and NATO
825:, the line is featured more prominently after a war breaks out between
780:
508:
486:
924: â Cold War-era passive, fixed array undersea surveillance system
691:
649:
originated as a pure ASW platform; its mission expanded following the
1668:
973:
812:) saying to the Soviet ambassador "Your aircraft have dropped enough
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maritime-surveillance aircraft aimed to track any threatening ships.
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1207:"Denmark to 'close surveillance gap' with new Faroe Islands radar"
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Passages between the northern Atlantic Ocean and the Norwegian Sea
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Grønlandskortet: Arktisâ betydning for Danmarks indflydelse i USA
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can help ensure proper visibility in the region, and assist in
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226:
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1438:"NATO warns Russia could target undersea pipelines and cables"
641:: their primary mission involved anti-submarine warfare using
437:
allies, the GIUK gap is vital in terms of barrier defense for
414:
to target North American sites from safer waters, such as the
921:
738:
to cross the Atlantic to reach Greenland and eastern Canada.
612:
268:
and is expected to be an increasingly important component of
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between British and German forces. It is based on the novel
556:
and in the GIUK gap impeded such break-outs. British forces
493:
to maintain a strong Arctic responsibility in the GIUK gap.
396:
948: â Strait connecting the Atlantic to the Mediterranean
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604:
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after April 1940) with a view to attacking Allied shipping
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366:
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273:
248:, roughly 6 million, the Danish government's close ties to
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are showing renewed interest in the GIUK gap, positioning
663:
The Soviets planned to use the GIUK gap to intercept any
319:. In light of broader geopolitical changes, such as the
1000:
Pincus, Rebecca (27 May 2020). "Towards a New Arctic".
956:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
619:'s ability to deploy its submarines without detection.
426:
highest quality naval capabilities are deployed in the
214:
fall within the jurisdiction of the Danish government.
702:
In late October 2019, a week before Commander of the
389:, and particularly in the GIUK gap. In addition, the
244:
Despite the relatively small-sized population of the
1164:, Centre for Military Studies, Copenhagen University
1101:, Centre for Military Studies, Copenhagen University
918: â Area outside airplane range in World War II
430:, making the GIUK gap a significant transit route.
279:The GIUK gap is also a key supply line between the
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1494:
1097:Henriksen, A. & Rahbek-Clemmensen, J. (2017),
1486:
225:to assist in securing the GIUK gap and the wider
1680:
1204:
894: â Naval battle during the Second World War
678:(SLBMs) allowed the Soviet Navy to deploy their
182:Strategic significance to the Kingdom of Denmark
1160:Kristensen, K. S. & Byrjalsen, N., (2022),
1116:"Udenrigs- og Sikkerhedspolitisk Strategi 2022"
837:launches a surprise attack on the NATO airbase
307:Securing air and sea visibility in the GIUK Gap
206:region. All matters of foreign policy for both
580:could operate from bases on the French coast.
507:The GIUK gap is particularly important to the
283:and its European allies. With war on-going in
131:(showing international boundaries as of 1983)
1719:Military operations involving the Warsaw Pact
976: â Cold War strategically important area
565:
334:and supply lines are uninterrupted between
256:legitimises it as an inherently important
682:(SSBNs) within protected bastions in the
397:Threats to critical seabed infrastructure
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1275:
690:associated with a risk of destabilizing
503:Armed forces of Scotland § GUIK gap
122:
1586:
1568:, U.S. Naval War College, 7 August 2017
1309:"The GIUK Gap's strategic significance"
936: â Strait between Luzon and Taiwan
770:The GIUK line is mentioned in the film
497:Importance for the Royal Navy of the UK
1681:
1492:
999:
900: â Area of the southern North Sea
1704:Soviet UnionâUnited Kingdom relations
1303:
1301:
1299:
741:
676:submarine-launched ballistic missiles
552:, but Allied blocking efforts in the
1714:Soviet UnionâUnited States relations
1175:
1173:
1171:
1140:
1110:
1108:
1092:
1090:
982: â LithuaniaâPoland border area
713:met their Norwegian counterparts in
449:both in the gap and beyond, and the
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
1605:from the original on 1 August 2020.
674:The advent of longer-ranged Soviet
13:
1410:
1296:
760:The Last Nine Days of the Bismarck
483:2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
332:sea lines of communication (SLOCs)
237:. The Danish government views the
14:
1785:
1754:History of the United States Navy
1168:
1105:
1087:
730:The GIUK gap is also a route for
725:
576:in June 1940, after which German
1749:Naval history of the Netherlands
1709:IcelandâUnited Kingdom relations
1540:. 7 January 2007. Archived from
1205:Ritzau/The Local (9 June 2022).
697:
264:is already a key concern to the
25:
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1635:
1609:
1596:Naval Postgraduate SchoolThesis
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1526:
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1404:
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1243:
1217:
954: â Two waterways in Turkey
906: â Submarine communication
535:
36:needs additional citations for
1501:. St. Martin's Press. p.
1468:Maritime and Coastguard Agency
1276:Pilgaard, Ronja (2 May 2023).
1198:
1153:
1134:
1061:
1036:
993:
804:also references the gap, with
626:(ASW). The development of the
1:
1587:Barrett, Sharon (June 1993).
1534:"ĐпоŃĐ°Ńии "ĐпОŃŃ" и "ĐŃŃина""
1411:Larsen, Morten Soendergaard.
1014:10.1080/03071847.2020.1769496
986:
904:Communication with submarines
709:and Russian Foreign Minister
658:1985 GorbachevâReagan meeting
373:to play its part in securing
324:
892:Battle of the Denmark Strait
755:Battle of the Denmark Strait
365:Responding to requests from
352:anti-submarine warfare (ASW)
7:
1774:Cold War in popular culture
885:
849:ships and naval vessels in
680:ballistic missile submarine
594:
321:Russian invasion of Ukraine
272:future responsibilities in
10:
1790:
1739:History of the French Navy
819:In Clancy's second novel,
747:The 1960 British war film
572:profited greatly from the
558:occupied the Faroe Islands
526:
500:
439:sea lines of communication
127:The GIUK gap in the North
1729:History of the Royal Navy
1225:"SøvÌrnets nye fregatter"
912: â Zone of North Sea
806:National Security Advisor
338:European members and the
1744:Naval history of Germany
808:Jeffrey Pelt (played by
786:The Hunt for Red October
1734:Naval history of Canada
1366:(in Danish). 4 May 2023
791:Typhoon-class submarine
519:at the entrance to the
1694:Battle of the Atlantic
1621:thebarentsobserver.com
1470:. 2007. Archived from
856:Early editions of the
624:anti-submarine warfare
566:
469:and the seabed around
445:are vulnerable in the
132:
1143:Canadian Naval Review
126:
1044:"The Arctic Council"
773:The Bedford Incident
607:worried that if the
45:improve this article
1576:– via YouTube
1493:Sasgen, P. (2009).
1120:Udenrigsministeriet
946:Strait of Gibraltar
560:in April 1940, and
1464:"The Dover Strait"
1392:. 20 February 2023
1257:. 14 February 2021
1069:"RigsfĂŚllesskabet"
928:Western Approaches
750:Sink the Bismarck!
742:In popular culture
707:Aleksandr Moiseyev
637:stemmed from this
540:From the start of
459:Kingdom of Denmark
246:Kingdom of Denmark
200:Kingdom of Denmark
133:
1649:. 29 October 2019
1623:. 29 October 2019
1512:978-1-4299-6697-9
1474:on 31 August 2010
940:Strait of Malacca
736:northern wheatear
645:helicopters. The
635:aircraft carriers
491:Danish government
391:Danish government
146:. Its name is an
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1002:The RUSI Journal
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916:Mid-Atlantic gap
878:The Atom Station
865:Red Storm Rising
851:Atlantic convoys
822:Red Storm Rising
783:'s first novel,
585:Mid-Atlantic gap
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873:HalldĂłr Laxness
847:Merchant Marine
802:film adaptation
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647:Type 23 frigate
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724:
719:Kola Peninsula
704:Northern Fleet
699:
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669:Tupolev Tu-142
617:Northern Fleet
601:Kola Peninsula
596:
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589:anti-submarine
574:fall of France
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481:The September
447:North Atlantic
428:Northern fleet
422:since most of
420:Atlantic Ocean
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174:from the open
163:United Kingdom
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980:SuwaĹki Gap
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814:sonar buoys
794:Red October
684:Barents Sea
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